diff --git a/assets/dictionary.json b/assets/dictionary.json index 943487d..0546150 100644 --- a/assets/dictionary.json +++ b/assets/dictionary.json @@ -1,15 +1,9 @@ { "a": "The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel Alpha with the ä sound, the Phoenician alphabet having no vowel symbols. This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 43-74. The regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of ä (as in far). 2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B. -- A flat (A) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G. A per se Etym: (L. per se by itself), one preëminent; a nonesuch. [Obs.] O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se Of Troy and Greece. Chaucer.\n\n1. Etym: [Shortened form of an. AS. an one. See One.] An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying one or any, but less emphatically. \"At a birth\"; \"In a word\"; \"At a blow\". Shak. Note: It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an was used both before vowels and consonants. 2. Etym: [Originally the preposition a (an, on).] In each; to or for each; as, \"twenty leagues a day\", \"a hundred pounds a year\", \"a dollar a yard\", etc.\n\n1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.] \"A God's name.\" \"Torn a pieces.\" \"Stand a tiptoe.\" \"A Sundays\" Shak. \"Wit that men have now a days.\" Chaucer. \"Set them a work.\" Robynson (More's Utopia) 2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. \"Jacob, when he was a dying\" Heb. xi. 21. \"We'll a birding together.\" \" It was a doing.\" Shak. \"He burst out a laughing.\" Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as, a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.\n\nOf. [Obs.] \"The name of John a Gaunt.\" \"What time a day is it \" Shak. \"It's six a clock.\" B. Jonson.\n\nA barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and of they. \"So would I a done\" \"A brushes his hat.\" Shak.\n\nAn expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. Shak.", - "aa": null, - "aaa": null, - "aachen": null, "aah": null, - "aaliyah": null, "aardvark": null, "aardvarks": null, - "aaron": null, "ab": "The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August. W. Smith.", - "aba": null, "aback": "1. Toward the back or rear; backward. \"Therewith aback she started.\" Chaucer. 2. Behind; in the rear. Knolles. 3. (Naut.) Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind. Totten. To be taken aback. (a) To be driven backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited. Dickens.\n\nAn abacus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "abacus": "1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.] 2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China. 3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See Column. (b) A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work. 4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard. Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument. Crabb.", "abacuses": null, @@ -39,8 +33,6 @@ "abating": null, "abattoir": "A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.", "abattoirs": "A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.", - "abbas": "Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.", - "abbasid": null, "abbe": "The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress. Note: * After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Littré.", "abbes": "The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress. Note: * After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Littré.", "abbess": "A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See Abbey.", @@ -49,7 +41,6 @@ "abbeys": "1. A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings. Note: The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by an abbess. 2. The church of a monastery. Note: In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord Byron. Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See Cloister.", "abbot": "1. The superior or head of an abbey. 2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc. Brit. Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. -- Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in mediæval times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason. Encyc. Brit.", "abbots": "1. The superior or head of an abbey. 2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc. Brit. Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. -- Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in mediæval times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason. Encyc. Brit.", - "abbott": null, "abbr": null, "abbrev": null, "abbreviate": "1. To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken. It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off. Bacon. 2. (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.\n\n1. Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] \"The abbreviate form.\" Earle. 2. (Biol.) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.\n\nAn abridgment. [Obs.] Elyot.", @@ -59,9 +50,6 @@ "abbreviation": "1. The act of shortening, or reducing. 2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor. 3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of America. 4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. Moore.", "abbreviations": "1. The act of shortening, or reducing. 2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor. 3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of America. 4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. Moore.", "abbrevs": null, - "abby": null, - "abc": null, - "abcs": null, "abdicate": "1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy. Note: The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender. The cross-bearers abdicated their service. Gibbon. 2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc. He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke. The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude. 3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert. -- To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, \"The king resigned his crown,\" sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into view.\n\nTo relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity. Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy. Burke.", "abdicated": null, "abdicates": "1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy. Note: The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender. The cross-bearers abdicated their service. Gibbon. 2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc. He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke. The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude. 3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert. -- To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, \"The king resigned his crown,\" sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into view.\n\nTo relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity. Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy. Burke.", @@ -81,15 +69,8 @@ "abductor": "1. One who abducts. 2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.", "abductors": "1. One who abducts. 2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.", "abducts": "1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap. 2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.", - "abdul": null, - "abe": null, "abeam": "On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.", "abed": "1. In bed, or on the bed. Not to be abed after midnight. Shak. 2. To childbed (in the phrase \"brought abed,\" that is, delivered of a child). Shak.", - "abel": null, - "abelard": null, - "abelson": null, - "aberdeen": null, - "abernathy": null, "aberrant": "See Aberr.] 1. Wandering; straying from the right way. 2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated. Darwin.", "aberration": "1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. \"The aberration of youth.\" Hall. \"Aberrations from theory.\" Burke. 2. A partial alienation of reason. \"Occasional aberrations of intellect.\" Lingard. Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form. I. Taylor. 3. (Astron.) A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth. 4. (Opt.) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus. 5. (Physiol.) The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it. 6. (Law) The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B. Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See Insanity.", "aberrational": "Characterized by aberration.", @@ -113,9 +94,6 @@ "abides": "1. To wait; to pause; to delay. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with with before a person, and commonly with at or in before a place. Let the damsel abide with us a few days. Gen. xxiv. 55. 3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain. Let every man abide in the same calling. 1 Cor. vii. 20. Followed by by: To abide by. (a) To stand to; to adhere; to maintain. The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by what he said at first. Fielding. (b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide by a decision or an award.\n\n1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I abide my time. \"I will abide the coming of my lord.\" Tennyson. Note: [[Obs.], with a personal object. Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts xx. 23. 2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to. [Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it. Tennyson. 3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with. She could not abide Master Shallow. Shak. 4. Note: [Confused with aby to pay for. See Aby.] To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for. Dearly I abide that boast so vain. Milton.", "abiding": "Continuing; lasting.", "abidingly": "Permanently. Carlyle.", - "abidjan": null, - "abigail": "A lady's waiting-maid. Pepys. Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in. Leslie.", - "abilene": null, "abilities": null, "ability": "The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty, talent. Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren. Acts xi. 29. Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study. Bacon. The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability. Macaulay. Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. Ability, Capacity. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. Ability has reference to the active exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and the power of doing it. Capacity has reference to the receptive powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. \"Capacity,\" says H. Taylor, \"is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a great enterprise.\" The word abilities, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.", "abject": "1. Cast down; low-lying. [Obs.] From the safe shore their floating carcasses And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood. Milton. 2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject posture, fortune, thoughts. \"Base and abject flatterers.\" Addison. \"An abject liar.\" Macaulay. And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams. Shak. Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.\n\nTo cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase. [Obs.] Donne.\n\nA person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway. [Obs.] Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure I. Taylor.", @@ -147,14 +125,11 @@ "ablution": "1. The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. 2. The water used in cleansing. \"Cast the ablutions in the main.\" Pope. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.", "ablutions": "1. The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. 2. The water used in cleansing. \"Cast the ablutions in the main.\" Pope. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.", "ably": "In an able manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned, said.", - "abm": null, - "abms": null, "abnegate": "To deny and reject; to abjure. Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.", "abnegated": null, "abnegates": "To deny and reject; to abjure. Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.", "abnegating": null, "abnegation": "a denial; a renunciation. With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court. Knox.", - "abner": null, "abnormal": "Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. \"That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. \" Froude.", "abnormalities": null, "abnormality": "1. The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. Darwin. 2. Something abnormal.", @@ -205,9 +180,6 @@ "abraded": null, "abrades": "To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to abrade rocks. Lyell.\n\nSame as Abraid. [Obs.]", "abrading": null, - "abraham": null, - "abram": null, - "abrams": null, "abrasion": "1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as, the abrasion of coins. 2. The substance rubbed off. Berkeley. 3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds. Dunglison.", "abrasions": "1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as, the abrasion of coins. 2. The substance rubbed off. Berkeley. 3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds. Dunglison.", "abrasive": "Producing abrasion. Ure.", @@ -236,7 +208,6 @@ "abruptly": "1. In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly. 2. Precipitously. Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end. Gray.", "abruptness": "1. The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness. 2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; as, abruptness of style or manner.", "abs": "The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August. W. Smith.", - "absalom": null, "abscess": "A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process. Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.", "abscessed": null, "abscesses": null, @@ -328,7 +299,6 @@ "absurdity": "1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. \"The absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite number.\" Locke. 2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. His travels were full of absurdities. Johnson.", "absurdly": "In an absurd manner.", "absurdness": "Absurdity. [R.]", - "abuja": null, "abundance": "An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number. It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state. Raleigh. Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. -- Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, plenty of food, plenty of money, etc. Abundance express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of animal spirits, etc.", "abundances": "An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number. It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state. Raleigh. Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. -- Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, plenty of food, plenty of money, etc. Abundance express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of animal spirits, etc.", "abundant": "Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by in, rarely by with. \"Abundant in goodness and truth.\" Exod. xxxiv. 6. Abundant number (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3. Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See Ample.", @@ -354,8 +324,6 @@ "abyss": "1. A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit. Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss. Milton. The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light. Dryden. 2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth. The abysses of metaphysical theology. Macaulay. In unfathomable abysses of disgrace. Burke. 3. (Her.) The center of an escutcheon. Note: This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished. Encyc. Brit.", "abyssal": "Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable. Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.", "abysses": null, - "abyssinia": null, - "abyssinian": "Of or pertaining to Abyssinia. Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink. Ure.\n\n1. A native of Abyssinia. 2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.", "ac": null, "acacia": "A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.\n\n1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates. 2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called also gum acacia, and gum arabic.", "acacias": "A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.\n\n1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates. 2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called also gum acacia, and gum arabic.", @@ -369,10 +337,8 @@ "academics": "1. One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist. Hume. 2. A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.\n\n1. Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or philosophy. 2. Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific. \"Academic courses.\" Warburton. \"Academical study.\" Berkeley.", "academies": null, "academy": "1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head. 2. An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school. 3. A place of training; a school. \"Academies of fanaticism.\" Hume. 4. A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; as, the French Academy; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; academies of literature and philology. 5. A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; as, the military academy at West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of Music. Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.", - "acadia": null, "acanthus": "1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear's-breech. 2. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus (Acanthus spinosus); -- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders.", "acanthuses": null, - "acapulco": null, "accede": "1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to recede. [Obs.] T. Gale. 2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain. Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the year 1461. T. Warton. If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power. Morley. 3. To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my request. The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards acceded. Chesterfield. Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.", "acceded": null, "accedes": "1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to recede. [Obs.] T. Gale. 2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain. Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the year 1461. T. Warton. If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power. Morley. 3. To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my request. The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards acceded. Chesterfield. Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.", @@ -395,7 +361,6 @@ "accentuates": "1. To pronounce with an accent or with accents. 2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize. In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more accentuated. London Times. 3. To mark with the written accent.", "accentuating": null, "accentuation": "Act of accentuating; applications of accent. Specifically (Eccles. Mus.), pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.", - "accenture": null, "accept": "1. To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as, to accept a gift; -- often followed by of. If you accept them, then their worth is great. Shak. To accept of ransom for my son. Milton. She accepted of a treat. Addison. 2. To receive with favor; to approve. The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice. Ps. xx. 3. Peradventure he will accept of me. Gen. xxxii. 20. 3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or excuse. 4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be accepted 5. (Com.) To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of exchange. Bouvier. 6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.] To accept a bill (Law), to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. -- To accept service (Law), to agree that a writ or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has not been. -- To accept the person (Eccl.), to show favoritism. \"God accepteth no man's person.\" Gal. ii. 6. Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See Receive.\n\nAccepted. [Obs.] Shak.", "acceptability": "The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness. \"Acceptability of repentance.\" Jer. Taylor.", "acceptable": "Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable present, one acceptable to us.", @@ -501,7 +466,6 @@ "accoutering": null, "accouterments": "Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers. How gay with all the accouterments of war!", "accouters": "To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip; to attire; to array. Bot accoutered like young men. Shak. For this, in rags accoutered are they seen. Dryden. Accoutered with his burden and his staff. Wordsworth.", - "accra": null, "accredit": "1. To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction. His censure will . . . accredit his praises. Cowper. These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine opinion. Shelton. 2. To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate. Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of France. Froude. 3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in. The version of early Roman history which was accredited in the fifth century. Sir G. C. Lewis. He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions and witchcraft. Southey. 4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some one. To accredit (one) with (something), to attribute something to him; as, Mr. Clay was accredited with these views; they accredit him with a wise saying.", "accreditation": "The act of accrediting; as, letters of accreditation.", "accredited": null, @@ -570,16 +534,11 @@ "acetonic": "Of or pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic bodies.", "acetyl": "A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.", "acetylene": "A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant. Watts.", - "acevedo": null, - "achaean": "Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n. A native of Achaia; a Greek.", "ache": "A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.\n\nContinued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. \"Such an ache in my bones.\" Shak. Note: Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a toothache.\n\nTo suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed. \"My old bones ache.\" Shak. The sins that in your conscience ache. Keble.", - "achebe": null, "ached": null, "achene": "A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [Written also akene and achænium.]", "achenes": "A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [Written also akene and achænium.]", - "achernar": null, "aches": "A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.\n\nContinued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. \"Such an ache in my bones.\" Shak. Note: Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a toothache.\n\nTo suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed. \"My old bones ache.\" Shak. The sins that in your conscience ache. Keble.", - "acheson": null, "achier": null, "achiest": null, "achievable": "Capable of being achieved. Barrow.", @@ -591,7 +550,6 @@ "achievers": "One who achieves; a winner.", "achieves": "1. To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a feat, an exploit, an enterprise. Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be achieved in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive than without it. I. Taylor. 2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win. Some are born great, some achieve greatness. Shak. Thou hast achieved our liberty. Milton. Note: [[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.] Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved. Prior. He hath achieved a maid That paragons description. Shak. 3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform; realize; obtain. See Accomplish.", "achieving": null, - "achilles": null, "aching": "That aches; continuously painful. See Ache. -- Ach\"ing*ly, adv. The aching heart, the aching head. Longfellow.", "achingly": null, "achoo": null, @@ -615,18 +573,15 @@ "acknowledging": null, "acknowledgment": "1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession. \"An acknowledgment of fault.\" Froude. 2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth, or genuineness. Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip. Hooker. 3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition; expression of thanks. Shak. 4. Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc. Smollett. 5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration. Acknowledgment money, in some parts of England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords. Cowell. Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal; recognizance.", "acknowledgments": "1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession. \"An acknowledgment of fault.\" Froude. 2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth, or genuineness. Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip. Hooker. 3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition; expression of thanks. Shak. 4. Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc. Smollett. 5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration. Acknowledgment money, in some parts of England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords. Cowell. Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal; recognizance.", - "aclu": null, "acme": "1. The top or highest point; the culmination. The very acme and pitch of life for epic poetry. Pope. The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of its supremacy. I. Taylor. 2. (Med.) The crisis or height of a disease. 3. Mature age; full bloom of life. B. Jonson.", "acmes": "1. The top or highest point; the culmination. The very acme and pitch of life for epic poetry. Pope. The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of its supremacy. I. Taylor. 2. (Med.) The crisis or height of a disease. 3. Mature age; full bloom of life. B. Jonson.", "acne": "A pustular affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous glands.", "acolyte": "1. (Eccl.) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the Mass. 2. One who attends; an assistant. \"With such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes.\" Motley.", "acolytes": "1. (Eccl.) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the Mass. 2. One who attends; an assistant. \"With such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes.\" Motley.", - "aconcagua": null, "aconite": "1. (Bot.) The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species of which are poisonous. 2. An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and medicinally. Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis hyemalis) allied to the aconites.", "aconites": "1. (Bot.) The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species of which are poisonous. 2. An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and medicinally. Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis hyemalis) allied to the aconites.", "acorn": "1. The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule. 2. (Naut.) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head. 3. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell.", "acorns": "1. The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule. 2. (Naut.) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head. 3. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell.", - "acosta": null, "acoustic": "Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory. Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or external passage of the ear. -- Acoustic telegraph, a telegraph making audible signals; a telephone. -- Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the actors, so as to render them audible to a great distance.\n\nA medicine or agent to assist hearing.", "acoustical": "Of or pertaining to acoustics.", "acoustically": "In relation to sound or to hearing. Tyndall.", @@ -691,14 +646,11 @@ "across": "From side to side; athwart; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over; as, a bridge laid across a river. Dryden. To come across, to come upon or meet incidentally. Freeman. -- To go across the country, to go by a direct course across a region without following the roads.\n\n1. From side to side; crosswise; as, with arms folded across. Shak. 2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry. [Obs.] The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the actions of Christ. Bp. Hall.", "acrostic": "1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto. 2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See Abecedarian. Double acrostic, a species of enigma, in which words are to be guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.\n\nPertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.", "acrostics": "1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto. 2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See Abecedarian. Double acrostic, a species of enigma, in which words are to be guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.\n\nPertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.", - "acrux": null, "acrylamide": null, "acrylic": "Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic acid.", "acrylics": "Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic acid.", "act": "1. That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed. That best portion of a good man's life, His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. Wordsworth. Hence, in specific uses: (a) The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law, judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament, or of Congress. (b) A formal solemn writing, expressing that something has been done. Abbott. (c) A performance of part of a play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work in which a certain definite part of the action is completed. (d) A thesis maintained in public, in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student. 2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed to a possibility or possible existence. [Obs.] The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in possibility, what they afterward grow to be. Hooker. 3. Process of doing; action. In act, in the very doing; on the point of (doing). \"In act to shoot.\" Dryden. This woman was taken . . . in the very act. John viii. 4. Act of attainder. (Law) See Attainder. -- Act of bankruptcy (Law), an act of a debtor which renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt. -- Act of faith. (Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-Fé. -- Act of God (Law), an inevitable accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which ordinary prudence could not guard. -- Act of grace, an expression often used to designate an act declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the beginning of a new reign. -- Act of indemnity, a statute passed for the protection of those who have committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties. Abbott. -- Act in pais, a thing done out of court (anciently, in the country), and not a matter of record. Syn. -- See Action.\n\n1. To move to action; to actuate; to animate. [Obs.] Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. Pope. 2. To perform; to execute; to do. [Archaic] That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no greater than our necessity. Jer. Taylor. Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of acting things expedient for us to do. Barrow. Uplifted hands that at convenient times Could act extortion and the worst of crimes. Cowper. 3. To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage. 4. To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; as, to act the hero. 5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate. With acted fear the villain thus pursued. Dryden. To act a part, to sustain the part of one of the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble. -- To act the part of, to take the character of; to fulfill the duties of.\n\n1. To exert power; to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon food. 2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a determination of the will. He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest. Pope. 3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; as, we know not why he has acted so. 4. To perform on the stage; to represent a character. To show the world how Garrick did not act. Cowper. To act as or for, to do the work of; to serve as. -- To act on, to regulate one's conduct according to. -- To act up to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as, he has acted up to his engagement or his advantages.", - "actaeon": null, "acted": null, - "acth": null, "acting": "1. Operating in any way. 2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an superintendent.", "actinium": "A supposed metal, said by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to light.", "action": "1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action. One wise in council, one in action brave. Pope. 2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. (pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor. The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. 1 Sam. ii. 3. 3. The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events. 4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action. 5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also, mechanism; as, the breech action of a gun. 6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function; as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice. 7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings. 8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted. 9. (Law) (a) A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense. (b) A right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim. 10. (Com.) A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism] [Obs.] The Euripus of funds and actions. Burke. 11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial action. 12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe. Grove. Chose in action. (Law) See Chose. -- Quantity of action (Physics), the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through, and its velocity. Syn. -- Action, Act. In many cases action and act are synonymous; but some distinction is observable. Action involves the mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. Act has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete. To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action. C. J. Smith.", @@ -720,7 +672,6 @@ "activists": null, "activities": null, "activity": "The state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing variety of human activities. \"The activity of toil.\" Palfrey. Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.", - "acton": "A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail. [Spelled also hacqueton.] [Obs.] Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.", "actor": "1. One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer. 2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer. After a well graced actor leaves the stage. Shak. 3. (Law) (a) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs. (b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.", "actors": "1. One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer. 2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer. After a well graced actor leaves the stage. Shak. 3. (Law) (a) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs. (b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.", "actress": "1. A female actor or doer. [Obs.] Cockeram. 2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a part.", @@ -745,7 +696,6 @@ "actuation": "A bringing into action; movement. Bp. Pearson.", "actuator": "One who actuates, or puts into action. [R.] Melville.", "actuators": "One who actuates, or puts into action. [R.] Melville.", - "acuff": null, "acuity": "Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.", "acumen": "Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination. Selden. Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness.", "acupressure": "A mode of arresting hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface. Simpson.", @@ -761,17 +711,12 @@ "acyclovir": null, "acyl": "An acid radical, as acetyl, malonyl, or benzoyl.", "ad": null, - "ada": null, "adage": "An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a proverb. Letting \"I dare not\" wait upon \"I would,\" Like the poor cat i' the adage. Shak. Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See Axiom.", "adages": "An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a proverb. Letting \"I dare not\" wait upon \"I would,\" Like the poor cat i' the adage. Shak. Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See Axiom.", "adagio": "Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio, adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.\n\nA piece of music in adagio time; a slow movement; as, an adagio of Haydn.", "adagios": "Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio, adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.\n\nA piece of music in adagio time; a slow movement; as, an adagio of Haydn.", - "adam": "1. The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the human race. 2. (As a symbol) \"Original sin;\" human frailty. And whipped the offending Adam out of him. Shak. Adam's ale, water. [Coll.] -- Adam's apple. 1. (Bot.) (a) A species of banana (Musa paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more. Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris limetta). 2. The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first parent. -- Adam's flannel (Bot.), the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). -- Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.", "adamant": "1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable hardness. Opposed the rocky orb Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield. Milton. 2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.] \"A great adamant of acquaintance.\" Bacon. As true to thee as steel to adamant. Greene.", "adamantly": null, - "adams": "1. The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the human race. 2. (As a symbol) \"Original sin;\" human frailty. And whipped the offending Adam out of him. Shak. Adam's ale, water. [Coll.] -- Adam's apple. 1. (Bot.) (a) A species of banana (Musa paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more. Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris limetta). 2. The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first parent. -- Adam's flannel (Bot.), the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). -- Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.", - "adan": null, - "adana": null, "adapt": "Fitted; suited. [Obs.] Swift.\n\nTo make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by to or for. For nature, always in the right, To your decays adapts my sight. Swift. Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature. Angus. Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy persons. Macaulay.", "adaptability": "The quality of being adaptable; suitableness. \"General adaptability for every purpose.\" Farrar.", "adaptable": "Capable of being adapted.", @@ -785,19 +730,14 @@ "adaptions": "Adaptation. Cheyne.", "adaptive": "Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting. Coleridge. -- A*dapt\"ive*ly, adv.", "adapts": "Fitted; suited. [Obs.] Swift.\n\nTo make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by to or for. For nature, always in the right, To your decays adapts my sight. Swift. Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature. Angus. Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy persons. Macaulay.", - "adar": "The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.", - "adas": null, - "adc": null, "add": "1. To give by way of increased possession (to any one); to bestow (on). The Lord shall add to me another son. Gen. xxx. 24. 2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to add numbers; to add up a column. Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings. Milton. As easily as he can add together the ideas of two days or two years. Locke. 3. To append, as a statement; to say further. He added that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of the tax. Macaulay. Syn. -- To Add, Join, Annex, Unite, Coalesce. We add by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We join by putting one thing to another in close or continuos connection. We annex by attaching some adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form one organization. To add quantities; to join houses; to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to make parties coalesce.\n\n1. To make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase; as, it adds to our anxiety. \"I will add to your yoke.\" 1 Kings xii. 14. 2. To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; as, he adds rapidly.", "addable": "Addible.", - "addams": null, "added": null, "addend": null, "addenda": null, "addends": null, "addendum": "A thing to be added; an appendix or addition. Addendum circle (Mech.), the circle which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth. Rankine.", "adder": "One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.\n\n1. A serpent. [Obs.] \"The eddre seide to the woman.\" Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. ) 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho. (b) In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the milk adder, puffing adder, etc. (c) Same as Sea Adder. Note: In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper (Cerastles).", - "adderley": null, "adders": "One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.\n\n1. A serpent. [Obs.] \"The eddre seide to the woman.\" Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. ) 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho. (b) In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the milk adder, puffing adder, etc. (c) Same as Sea Adder. Note: In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper (Cerastles).", "addict": "Addicted; devoted. [Obs.]\n\n1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with to. \"They addict themselves to the civil law.\" Evelyn. He is addicted to his study. Beau. & Fl. That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations. Adventurer. His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. Fuller. A man gross . . . and addicted to low company. Macaulay. 2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit. [Obs.] The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. Evelyn. Syn. -- Addict, Devote, Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, addicted to vice; addicted to sensual indulgence. \"Addicted to staying at home.\" J. S. Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the service of the church; dedicated to God.", "addicted": null, @@ -806,9 +746,7 @@ "addictions": "The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination. \"His addiction was to courses vain.\" Shak. ADDISON'S DISEASE Ad\"di*son's dis*ease\". Etym: [Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.] (Med.) A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.", "addictive": null, "addicts": "Addicted; devoted. [Obs.]\n\n1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with to. \"They addict themselves to the civil law.\" Evelyn. He is addicted to his study. Beau. & Fl. That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations. Adventurer. His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. Fuller. A man gross . . . and addicted to low company. Macaulay. 2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit. [Obs.] The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. Evelyn. Syn. -- Addict, Devote, Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, addicted to vice; addicted to sensual indulgence. \"Addicted to staying at home.\" J. S. Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the service of the church; dedicated to God.", - "addie": null, "adding": null, - "addison": null, "addition": "1. The act of adding two or more things together; -- opposed to subtraction or diminution. \"This endless addition or addibility of numbers.\" Locke. 2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as, a piazza is an addition to a building. 3. (Math.) That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers. 4. (Mus.) A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one half. [R.] 5. (Law) A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale, Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of distinction; a title. 6. (Her.) Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to abatement. Vector addition (Geom.), that kind of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC. Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.", "additional": "Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.\n\nSomething added. [R.] Bacon.", "additionally": "By way of addition.", @@ -831,12 +769,6 @@ "adduced": null, "adduces": "To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege. Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides. Macaulay. Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose of illustration. De Quincey. Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name; mention.", "adducing": null, - "adela": null, - "adelaide": null, - "adele": null, - "adeline": null, - "aden": null, - "adenauer": null, "adenine": null, "adenocarcinoma": null, "adenoid": "Glandlike; glandular.", @@ -850,7 +782,6 @@ "adequate": "Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an adequate definition. Ireland had no adequate champion. De Quincey. Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent; capable.\n\n1. To equalize; to make adequate. [R.] Fotherby. 2. To equal. [Obs.] It [is] an impossibility for any creature to adequate God in his eternity. Shelford.", "adequately": "In an adequate manner.", "adequateness": "The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.", - "adhara": null, "adhere": "1. To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs sometimes adhere to the pleura. 2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a cause, a leader, a church. 3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. \"Nor time nor place did then adhere.\" Every thing adheres together.\" Shak. Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold", "adhered": null, "adherence": "1. The quality or state of adhering. 2. The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence to a party or to opinions. Syn. -- Adherence, Adhesion. These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the phrase \"To give in one's adhesion to a cause or a party.\"", @@ -863,13 +794,10 @@ "adhesiveness": "1. The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union. 2. (Phren.) Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social intercourse.", "adhesives": "1. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances. 2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging. Thomson. Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See Attraction. -- Adhesive inflammation (Surg.), that kind of inflammation which terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration. -- Adhesive plaster, a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive oil.", "adiabatic": "Not giving out or receiving heat. -- Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly, adv. Adiabatic line or curve, a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out heat. Rankine.", - "adidas": null, "adieu": "Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.\n\nA farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting. Shak.", "adieus": "Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.\n\nA farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting. Shak.", "adios": "Adieu; farewell; good-by; -- chiefly used among Spanish- speaking people. This word is often pronounced å*de\"os, but the Spanish accent, though weak, is on the final syllable.", "adipose": "Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty. Adipose fin (Zoöl.), a soft boneless fin. -- Adipose tissue (Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or contains fat.", - "adirondack": null, - "adirondacks": null, "adj": null, "adjacency": "1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or buildings. 2. That which is adjacent.[R.] Sir T. Browne.", "adjacent": "Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field adjacent to the highway. \"The adjacent forest.\" B. Jonson. Adjacent or contiguous angle. (Geom.) See Angle. Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near. -- Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous. Things are adjacent when they lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent fields, adjacent villages, etc. I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is peopled with Christians. Howell. Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an adjoining highway. What is spoken of as contiguous should touch with some extent of one side or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings; a wood contiguous to a plain.\n\nThat which is adjacent. [R.] Locke.", @@ -921,9 +849,6 @@ "adjusts": "1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or things to a standard. 2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system. Adjusting the orthography. Johnson. 3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted. 4. To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to adjust a telescope or microscope. Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right; rectify; settle.", "adjutant": "1. A helper; an assistant. 2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty. Adjutant general (a) (Mil.), the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general. (b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care. 3. (Zoöl.) A species of very large stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; -- called also the gigantic crane, and by the native name argala. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.", "adjutants": "1. A helper; an assistant. 2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty. Adjutant general (a) (Mil.), the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general. (b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care. 3. (Zoöl.) A species of very large stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; -- called also the gigantic crane, and by the native name argala. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.", - "adkins": null, - "adler": null, - "adm": null, "adman": null, "admen": null, "admin": null, @@ -988,11 +913,6 @@ "adolescences": "The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals.", "adolescent": "Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity. Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their adolescent charge too long. Cowper.\n\nA youth.", "adolescents": "Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity. Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their adolescent charge too long. Cowper.\n\nA youth.", - "adolf": null, - "adolfo": null, - "adolph": null, - "adonis": "1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar. 2. A preëminently beautiful young man; a dandy. 3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the family Ranunculaceæ, containing the pheasaut's eye (Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower.", - "adonises": null, "adopt": "1. To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc. ; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child. 2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions were adopted.", "adoptable": "Capable of being adopted.", "adopted": "Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son, citizen, country, word. -- A*dopt\"ed*ly, adv.", @@ -1020,17 +940,10 @@ "adornment": "An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.", "adornments": "An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.", "adorns": "To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive. As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. lxi. 10. At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place. Goldsmith. Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor. -- To Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We decorate and ornament by putting on some adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head- dress may be ornament or decorated with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider sense than decorate. To embellish is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes his front window to attract attention. Adorn is sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as adorned with the works of some of the great masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns. Here decorated and ornamented would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is purely moral; as, a character adorned with every Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor ornament, nor embellish is proper.\n\nAdornment. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nAdorned; decorated. [Obs.] Milton.", - "adp": null, "adrenal": "Suprarenal.", - "adrenalin": "A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.", "adrenaline": "A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.", - "adrenalins": "A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.", "adrenals": "Suprarenal.", "adrenergic": null, - "adrian": "Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows.", - "adriana": null, - "adriatic": "Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.", - "adrienne": null, "adrift": "Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig. So on the sea shall be set adrift. Dryden. Were from their daily labor turned adrift. Wordsworth.", "adroit": "Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; -- applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply. \"Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant.\" Horsley. \"He was adroit in intrigue.\" Macaulay. Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.", "adroitly": "In an adroit manner.", @@ -1088,8 +1001,6 @@ "advantages": "1. Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more elevated position. Give me advantage of some brief discourse. Shak. The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay. 2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or over. Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11. 3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good constitution. 4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.] And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak. Advantage ground, vantage ground. [R.] Clarendon. -- To have the advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. \"You have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor.\" Sheridan. -- To take advantage of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit. Syn. -- Advantage, Advantageous, Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial, when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits of early discipline; the beneficial effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a \"vantage ground\" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the benefits and the advantages of early education; between a beneficial and an advantageous investment of money.\n\nTo give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to profit. The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply with the court designs, advantaged his adversaries against him. Fuller. What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away Luke ix. 25. To advantage one's self of, to avail one's self of. [Obs.]", "advantaging": null, "advent": "1. (Eccl.) The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30). Shipley. 2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ. 3. Coming; any important arrival; approach. Death's dreadful advent. Young. Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson.", - "adventist": "One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also Second Adventists. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.", - "adventists": "One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also Second Adventists. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.", "adventitious": "1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign. To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become without comparison greater. Burke. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or usual place; as, adventitious buds or roots. 3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants. 4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases; accidental. -- Ad`ven*ti\"tious*ly, adv. -- Ad`ven*ti\"tious*ness, n.", "adventitiously": null, "advents": "1. (Eccl.) The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30). Shipley. 2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ. 3. Coming; any important arrival; approach. Death's dreadful advent. Young. Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson.", @@ -1138,7 +1049,6 @@ "advertorials": null, "adverts": "To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he adverted to what was said. I may again advert to the distinction. Owen. Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.", "advice": "1. An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel. We may give advice, but we can not give conduct. Franklin. 2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge. [Obs.] How shall I dote on her with more advice, That thus without advice begin to love her Shak. 3. Information or notice given; intelligence; as, late advices from France; -- commonly in the plural. Note: In commercial language, advice usually means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of advice. McElrath. 4. (Crim. Law) Counseling to perform a specific illegal act. Wharton. Advice boat, a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. -- To take advice. (a) To accept advice. (b) To consult with another or others. Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation; information; notice.", - "advil": null, "advisability": "The quality of being advisable; advisableness.", "advisable": "1. Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent. Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his heart every day. South. 2. Ready to receive advice. [R.] South. Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.", "advisably": "With advice; wisely.", @@ -1163,12 +1073,7 @@ "adware": null, "adze": "A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.", "adzes": "A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.", - "aegean": "Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See Archipelago.", "aegis": "A shield or protective armor; -- applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.", - "aelfric": null, - "aeneas": null, - "aeneid": "The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is Æneas.", - "aeolus": "The god of the winds.", "aerate": "1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called fixed air. His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from aërated natural fountains. Carlyle. 2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to aërate soil; to aërate water. 3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize. Aërated bread, bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation.", "aerated": null, "aerates": "1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called fixed air. His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from aërated natural fountains. Carlyle. 2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to aërate soil; to aërate water. 3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize. Aërated bread, bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation.", @@ -1193,7 +1098,6 @@ "aerodynamic": "Pertaining to the force of air in motion.", "aerodynamically": null, "aerodynamics": "The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.", - "aeroflot": null, "aerogram": null, "aerograms": null, "aeronautic": "Pertaining to aëronautics, or aërial sailing.", @@ -1203,21 +1107,13 @@ "aerosols": null, "aerospace": null, "aery": "An aerie.\n\nAërial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary. [Poetic] M. Arnold.", - "aeschylus": null, - "aesculapius": "The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.", - "aesop": null, "aesthete": "One who makes much or overmuch of æsthetics. [Recent]", "aesthetes": "One who makes much or overmuch of æsthetics. [Recent]", "aesthetic": "Of or Pertaining to æsthetics; versed in æsthetics; as, æsthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc. -- Æs*thet\"ic*al*ly, adv.", "aesthetically": null, "aestheticism": "The doctrine of æsthetics; æsthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art. Lowell.", "aesthetics": "The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art.", - "af": null, - "afaik": null, "afar": "At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. Beattie.", - "afb": null, - "afc": null, - "afdc": null, "affability": "The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant behavior. Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love. Elyot", "affable": "1. Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable. An affable and courteous gentleman. Shak. His manners polite and affable. Macaulay. 2. Gracious; mild; benign. A serene and affable countenance. Tatler. Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending.", "affably": "In an affable manner; courteously.", @@ -1293,8 +1189,6 @@ "affronting": null, "affronts": "1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face. [Obs.] All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant. Holland. That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak. 2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront death; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic] 3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility. How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius Addison. Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.\n\n1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.] I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Milton. 2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult. Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison. 3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame. Arbuthnot. Syn. -- Affront, Insult, Outrage. An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an outrage wounds and injures. Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other insults. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of outrages. Crabb.", "afghan": "Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.\n\n1. A native of Afghanistan. 2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.", - "afghani": null, - "afghanistan": null, "afghans": "Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.\n\n1. A native of Afghanistan. 2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.", "aficionado": null, "aficionados": null, @@ -1303,25 +1197,13 @@ "aflame": "Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot.", "afloat": "1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship. On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak. 2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat. 3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.", "aflutter": "In a flutter; agitated.", - "afn": null, "afoot": "1. On foot. We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak. 2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress. The matter being afoot. Shak.", "aforementioned": "Previously mentioned; before-mentioned. Addison.", "aforesaid": "Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified.", "aforethought": "Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as, malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier.\n\nPremeditation.", "afoul": "In collision; entangled. Totten. To run afoul of, to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury.", - "afr": null, "afraid": "Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] \"Back they recoiled, afraid.\" Milton. Note: This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. \"I am afraid to die.\" \"I am afraid he will chastise me.\" \"Be not afraid that I your hand should take.\" Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help you in this matter. Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.", "afresh": "Anew; again; once more; newly. They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6.", - "africa": null, - "african": "Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and India. -- African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta). -- African oak or African teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in ship building. African violet African-American, a United States citizen of African descent.\n\nA native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.", - "africans": "Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and India. -- African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta). -- African oak or African teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in ship building. African violet African-American, a United States citizen of African descent.\n\nA native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.", - "afrikaans": null, - "afrikaner": null, - "afrikaners": null, - "afro": null, - "afrocentric": null, - "afrocentrism": null, - "afros": null, "aft": "Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.", "after": "1. Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of life. Marshall. Note: In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, after-ages, after-act, after-days, after-life. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when after has this meaning. 2. Hinder; nearer the rear. (Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway. Note: It is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines, after- braces, after-sails, after-yards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.\n\n1. Behind in place; as, men in line one after another. \"Shut doors after you.\" Shak. 2. Below in rank; next to in order. Shak. Codrus after PhDryden. 3. Later in time; subsequent; as, after supper, after three days. It often precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed between it and the clause. After I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Matt. xxvi. 32. 4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as, after what you have said, I shall be careful. 5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as, after all our advice, you took that course. 6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of. Ye shall not go after other gods. Deut. vi. 14. After whom is the king of Israel come out 1 Sam. xxiv. 14. 7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire after a friend; to thirst after righteousness. 8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his father. To name or call after, to name like and reference to. Our eldest son was named George after his uncle. Goldsmith. 9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; as, he acted after his kind. He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes. Isa. xi. 3. They that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh. Rom. viii. 5. 10. According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting. [Archaic] He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not after their intrinsic value. Bacon. After all, when everything has been considered; upon the whole. -- After (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave after wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.) successively. -- One after another, successively. -- To be after, to be in pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after money.\n\nSubsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; as, he follows after. It was about the space of three hours after. Acts. v. 7. Note: After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in after- described, after-dinner, after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective after with its noun. See Note under After, a., 1.", "afterbirth": "The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.", @@ -1356,18 +1238,12 @@ "afterwards": "At a later or succeeding time.", "afterword": null, "afterwords": null, - "ag": null, "again": "1. In return, back; as, bring us word again. 2. Another time; once more; anew. If a man die, shall he live again Job xiv. 14. 3. Once repeated; -- of quantity; as, as large again, half as much again. 4. In any other place. [Archaic] Bacon. 5. On the other hand. \"The one is my sovereign . . . the other again is my kinsman.\" Shak. 6. Moreover; besides; further. Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. Hersche Again and again, more than once; often; repeatedly. -- Now and again, now and then; occasionally. -- To and again, to and fro. [Obs.] De Foe. Note: Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, again- witness, to witness against; again-ride, to ride against; again-come, to come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring back, etc.\n\nAgainst; also, towards (in order to meet). [Obs.] Albeit that it is again his kind. Chaucer.", "against": "1. Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a river; -- in this sense often preceded by over. Jacob saw the angels of God come against him. Tyndale. 2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof. 3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against time. The gate would have been shut against her. Fielding. An argument against the use of steam. Tyndale. 4. By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or Dial.] Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came from Damascus. 2 Kings xvi. 11. Against the sun, in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move.", - "agamemnon": null, - "agana": null, "agape": "Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention. Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape. Milton.\n\nThe love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.", "agar": null, - "agassi": null, - "agassiz": null, "agate": "On the way; agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells agate. [Obs.] Cotgrave.\n\n1. (Min.) A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds. Note: The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate, etc., are familiar varieties. 2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called ruby. Note: This line is printed in the type called agate. 3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals. [Obs.] Shak. 4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.", "agates": "On the way; agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells agate. [Obs.] Cotgrave.\n\n1. (Min.) A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds. Note: The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate, etc., are familiar varieties. 2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called ruby. Note: This line is printed in the type called agate. 3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals. [Obs.] Shak. 4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.", - "agatha": null, "agave": "A genus of plants (order Amaryllidaceæ) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana), wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many uses.", "age": "1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime. Mine age is as nothing before thee. Ps. xxxix. 5. 2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth 3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old. Nor wrong mine age with this indignity. Shak. 4. One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc. Shak. 5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age. Abbott. Note: In the United States, both males and females are of age when twenty-one years old. 6. The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion. Abbott. 7. A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles. \"The spirit of the age.\" Prescott. Truth, in some age or other, will find her witness. Milton. Archeological ages are designated as three: The Stone age (the early and the later stone age, called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze age, and the Iron age. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements. See Augustan, Brazen, Golden, Heroic, Middle. 8. A great period in the history of the Earth. Note: The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The Archæan, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern era. Dana. 9. A century; the period of one hundred years. Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages. Hallam. 10. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation. \"Ages yet unborn.\" Pope. The way which the age follows. J. H. Newman. Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague. 11. A long time. [Colloq.] \"He made minutes an age.\" Tennyson. Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place. -- Moon's age, the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon. Note: Age is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, agelasting, age-adorning, age-worn, age-enfeebled, agelong. Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.\n\nTo grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he aged. They live one hundred and thirty years, and never age for all that. Holland. I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored, hair here and there. Landor.\n\nTo cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages us.", "aged": "1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged man; an aged oak. 2. Belonging to old age. \"Aged cramps.\" Shak. 3. Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.", @@ -1386,7 +1262,6 @@ "agents": "Actingpatient, or sustaining, action. [Archaic] \"The body agent.\" Bacon.\n\n1. One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor. Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill. Dryden. 2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor. 3. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful agent.", "ageratum": "A genus of plants, one species of which (A. Mexicanum) has lavender-blue flowers in dense clusters.", "ages": "1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime. Mine age is as nothing before thee. Ps. xxxix. 5. 2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth 3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old. Nor wrong mine age with this indignity. Shak. 4. One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc. Shak. 5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age. Abbott. Note: In the United States, both males and females are of age when twenty-one years old. 6. The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion. Abbott. 7. A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles. \"The spirit of the age.\" Prescott. Truth, in some age or other, will find her witness. Milton. Archeological ages are designated as three: The Stone age (the early and the later stone age, called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze age, and the Iron age. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements. See Augustan, Brazen, Golden, Heroic, Middle. 8. A great period in the history of the Earth. Note: The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The Archæan, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern era. Dana. 9. A century; the period of one hundred years. Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages. Hallam. 10. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation. \"Ages yet unborn.\" Pope. The way which the age follows. J. H. Newman. Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague. 11. A long time. [Colloq.] \"He made minutes an age.\" Tennyson. Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place. -- Moon's age, the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon. Note: Age is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, agelasting, age-adorning, age-worn, age-enfeebled, agelong. Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.\n\nTo grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he aged. They live one hundred and thirty years, and never age for all that. Holland. I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored, hair here and there. Landor.\n\nTo cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages us.", - "aggie": null, "agglomerate": "To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything like a mass. Where he builds the agglomerated pile. Cowper.\n\nTo collect in a mass.\n\n1. A collection or mass. 2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from conglomerate.\n\n1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass. 2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head of flowers.", "agglomerated": "1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass. 2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head of flowers.", "agglomerates": "To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything like a mass. Where he builds the agglomerated pile. Cowper.\n\nTo collect in a mass.\n\n1. A collection or mass. 2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from conglomerate.\n\n1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass. 2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head of flowers.", @@ -1445,13 +1320,9 @@ "agitator": "1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; as, political reformers and agitators. 2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; -- called also adjutators. Clarendon. 3. An implement for shaking or mixing.", "agitators": "1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; as, political reformers and agitators. 2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; -- called also adjutators. Clarendon. 3. An implement for shaking or mixing.", "agitprop": null, - "aglaia": null, "agleam": "Gleaming; as, faces agleam. Lowell.", "aglitter": "Clittering; in a glitter.", "aglow": "In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow.", - "agnes": null, - "agnew": null, - "agni": null, "agnostic": "Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving agnosticism. -- Ag*nos\"tic*al*ly, adv.\n\nOne who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.", "agnosticism": "That doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor denies. Specifically: (Theol.) The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world, etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer); -- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic theism.", "agnostics": "Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving agnosticism. -- Ag*nos\"tic*al*ly, adv.\n\nOne who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.", @@ -1469,7 +1340,6 @@ "agoraphobia": null, "agoraphobic": null, "agoraphobics": null, - "agra": null, "agrarian": "1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizens. His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an agrarian experiment. Burke. 2. (Bot.) Wild; -- said of plants growing in the fields.\n\n1. One in favor of an equal division of landed property. 2. An agrarian law. [R.] An equal agrarian is perpetual law. Harrington.", "agrarianism": "An equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.", "agrarians": "1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizens. His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an agrarian experiment. Burke. 2. (Bot.) Wild; -- said of plants growing in the fields.\n\n1. One in favor of an equal division of landed property. 2. An agrarian law. [R.] An equal agrarian is perpetual law. Harrington.", @@ -1484,7 +1354,6 @@ "agrees": "In good part; kindly. [Obs.] Rom. of R.\n\n1. To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties agree in the expediency of the law. If music and sweet poetry agree. Shak. Their witness agreed not together. Mark xiv. 56. The more you agree together, the less hurt can your enemies do you. Sir T. Browne. 2. To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by to; as, to agree to an offer, or to opinion. 3. To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a common resolve; to promise. Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25. Didst not thou agree with me for a penny Matt. xx. 13. 4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond; as, the picture does not agree with the original; the two scales agree exactly. 5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; as, the same food does not agree with every constitution. 6. (Gram.) To correspond in gender, number, case, or person. Note: The auxiliary forms of to be are often employed with the participle agreed. \"The jury were agreed.\" Macaulay. \"Can two walk together, except they be agreed \" Amos iii. 3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used reflexively. \"I agree me well to your desire.\" Ld. Berners. Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.\n\n1. To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to agree differences. [Obs.]", "agribusiness": null, "agribusinesses": null, - "agricola": null, "agricultural": "Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; as, the agricultural class; agricultural implements, wages, etc. -- Ag`ri*cul\"tur*al*ly, adv. Agricultural ant (Zoöl.), a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.", "agriculturalist": "An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)", "agriculturalists": "An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)", @@ -1492,35 +1361,19 @@ "agriculture": "The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.", "agriculturist": "One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman. The farmer is always a practitioner, the agriculturist may be a mere theorist. Crabb.", "agriculturists": "One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman. The farmer is always a practitioner, the agriculturist may be a mere theorist. Crabb.", - "agrippa": null, - "agrippina": null, "agronomic": "Pertaining to agronomy, of the management of farms.", "agronomist": "One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.", "agronomists": "One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.", "agronomy": "The management of land; rural economy; agriculture.", "aground": "On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground. Totten.", - "aguadilla": null, - "aguascalientes": null, "ague": "1. An acute fever. [Obs.] \"Brenning agues.\" P. Plowman. 2. (Med.) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits. 3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; as, fever and ague. 4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold. Dryden. Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague. -- Ague drop, a solution of the arsenite of potassa used for ague. -- Ague fit, a fit of the ague. Shak. -- Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague. Gay. -- Ague tree, the sassafras, -- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in cases of ague. [Obs.]\n\nTo strike with an ague, or with a cold fit. Heywood.", - "aguilar": null, - "aguinaldo": null, - "aguirre": null, - "agustin": null, "ah": "An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening, delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of utterance.", "aha": "An exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed with derision or irony, or simple surprise.\n\nA sunk fence. See Ha-ha. Mason.", - "ahab": null, "ahchoo": null, "ahead": "1. In or to the front; in advance; onward. The island bore but a little ahead of us. Fielding. 2. Headlong; without restraint. [Obs.] L'Estrange. To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on onward. (c) To push on in an enterprise. [Colloq] -- To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance of. (b) To surpass; to get the better of. [Colloq.]", "ahem": "An exclamation to call one's attention; hem.", - "ahmad": null, - "ahmadabad": null, - "ahmadinejad": null, - "ahmed": null, "ahoy": "A term used in hailing; as, \"Ship ahoy.\"", - "ahriman": "The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd, the King of Light.", - "ai": "The three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South America. See Sloth.", "aid": "To support, either by furnishing strength or means in coöperation to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to assist. You speedy helpers . . . Appear and aid me in this enterprise. Shak. Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend; coöperate; promote. See Help.\n\n1. Help; succor; assistance; relief. An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid. Hallam. 2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a helper; an assistant. It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an aid like unto himself. Tobit viii. 6. 3. (Eng. Hist.) A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan. 4. (Feudal Law) A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special occasions. Blackstone. 5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid. Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in suit. -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim such assistance.", - "aida": null, "aide": null, "aided": null, "aides": null, @@ -1528,10 +1381,8 @@ "aids": "To support, either by furnishing strength or means in coöperation to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to assist. You speedy helpers . . . Appear and aid me in this enterprise. Shak. Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend; coöperate; promote. See Help.\n\n1. Help; succor; assistance; relief. An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid. Hallam. 2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a helper; an assistant. It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an aid like unto himself. Tobit viii. 6. 3. (Eng. Hist.) A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan. 4. (Feudal Law) A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special occasions. Blackstone. 5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid. Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in suit. -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim such assistance.", "aigrette": "1. (Zoöl.) The small white European heron. See Egret. 2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc. Prescott. 3. A tuft like that of the egret. (Bot.) A feathery crown of seed; egret; as, the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the thistle.", "aigrettes": "1. (Zoöl.) The small white European heron. See Egret. 2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc. Prescott. 3. A tuft like that of the egret. (Bot.) A feathery crown of seed; egret; as, the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the thistle.", - "aiken": null, "ail": "To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man I know not what ails him. What aileth thee, Hagar Gen. xxi. 17. Note: It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever ails him; but, something ails him.\n\nTo be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in trouble. When he ails ever so little . . . he is so peevish. Richardson.\n\nIndisposition or morbid affection. Pope.", "ailed": null, - "aileen": null, "aileron": "1. A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a church. 2. (Aëronautics) A small plane or surface capable of being manipulated by the pilot of a flying machine to preserve or destroy lateral balance; a hinged wing tip; a lateral stabilizing or balancing plane.", "ailerons": "1. A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a church. 2. (Aëronautics) A small plane or surface capable of being manipulated by the pilot of a flying machine to preserve or destroy lateral balance; a hinged wing tip; a lateral stabilizing or balancing plane.", "ailing": null, @@ -1540,13 +1391,11 @@ "ails": "To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man I know not what ails him. What aileth thee, Hagar Gen. xxi. 17. Note: It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever ails him; but, something ails him.\n\nTo be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in trouble. When he ails ever so little . . . he is so peevish. Richardson.\n\nIndisposition or morbid affection. Pope.", "aim": "1. To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to aim at a fox, or at a target. 2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to aim at distinction; to aim to do well. Aim'st thou at princes Pope. 3. To guess or conjecture. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (at something); to aim a satire or a reflection (at some person or vice).\n\n1. The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it. Each at the head leveled his deadly aim. Milton. 2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected. To be the aim of every dangerous shot. Shak. 3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme. How oft ambitious aims are crossed! Pope. 4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.] What you would work me to, I have some aim. Shak. To cry aim (Archery), to encourage. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.", "aimed": null, - "aimee": null, "aiming": null, "aimless": "Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life. -- Aim\"less*ly, adv. -- Aim\"less*ness, n.", "aimlessly": null, "aimlessness": null, "aims": "1. To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to aim at a fox, or at a target. 2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to aim at distinction; to aim to do well. Aim'st thou at princes Pope. 3. To guess or conjecture. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (at something); to aim a satire or a reflection (at some person or vice).\n\n1. The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it. Each at the head leveled his deadly aim. Milton. 2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected. To be the aim of every dangerous shot. Shak. 3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme. How oft ambitious aims are crossed! Pope. 4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.] What you would work me to, I have some aim. Shak. To cry aim (Archery), to encourage. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.", - "ainu": null, "air": "1. The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent, compressible, elastic, and ponderable. Note: By the ancient philosophers, air was regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume: oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of water. 2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or volatile. \"Charm ache with air.\" Shak. He was still all air and fire. Macaulay . [Air and fire being the finer and quicker elements as opposed to earth and water.] 3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the sensations; as, a smoky air, a damp air, the morning air, etc. 4. Any aëriform body; a gas; as, oxygen was formerly called vital air. [Obs.] 5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle wind. Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play. Pope. 6. Odoriferous or contaminated air. 7. That which surrounds and influences. The keen, the wholesome air of poverty. Wordsworth. 8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent. You gave it air before me. Dryden. 9. Intelligence; information. [Obs.] Bacon. 10. (Mus.) (a) A musical idea, or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole, which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a melody; a tune; an aria. (b) In harmonized chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is sometimes called the air. 11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a person; mien; demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a heavy air; a lofty air. \"His very air.\" Shak. 12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character; semblance; manner; style. It was communicated with the air of a secret. Pope. 12. pl. An artificial or affected manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; as, it is said of a person, he puts on airs. Thackeray. 14. (Paint.) (a) The representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric medium through which every object in nature is viewed. New Am. Cyc. (b) Carriage; attitude; action; movement; as, the head of that portrait has a good air. Fairholt. 15. (Man.) The artificial motion or carriage of a horse. Note: Air is much used adjectively or as the first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as, air bladder, air-bladder, or airbladder; air cell, air-cell, or aircell; air-pump, or airpump. Air balloon. See Balloon. -- Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the application of air to the body. (b) An arrangement for drying substances in air of any desired temperature. -- Air castle. See Castle in the air, under Castle. -- Air compressor, a machine for compressing air to be used as a motive power. -- Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine. -- Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by confined air. -- Air fountain, a contrivance for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air. -- Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a natural draft and not on blast. -- Air line, a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line, adj.; as, air-line road. -- Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air chamber of a pneumatic caisson. Knight. -- Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole in a ship to admit air. -- Air spring, a spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized. -- Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes of temperature. -- Air threads, gossamer. -- Air trap, a contrivance for shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench trap. -- Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for conducting foul or heated air from a room. -- Air valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and allows air to enter. -- Air way, a passage for a current of air; as the air way of an air pump; an air way in a mine. -- In the air. (a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority, as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable position; unsettled. (c) (Mil.) Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as, the army had its wing in the air. -- To take air, to be divulged; to be made public. -- To take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride out.\n\n1. To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing, or purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a room. It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were aired. Bacon. Were you but riding forth to air yourself. Shak. 2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to display ostentatiously; as, to air one's opinion. Airing a snowy hand and signet gem. Tennyson. 3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling dampness, or of warming; as, to air linen; to air liquors.", "airbag": null, "airbags": null, @@ -1573,9 +1422,6 @@ "airdropping": null, "airdrops": null, "aired": null, - "airedale": null, - "airedales": null, - "aires": null, "airfare": null, "airfares": null, "airfield": null, @@ -1640,42 +1486,17 @@ "airworthiness": null, "airworthy": null, "airy": "1. Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the airy parts of bodies. 2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air; aërial; as, an airy flight. \"The airy region.\" Milton. 3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; as, an airy situation. 4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike. \"An airy spirit.\" Shak. 5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate; graceful; as, airy music. 6. Without reality; having no solid foundation; empty; trifling; visionary. \"Airy fame.\" Shak. Empty sound, and airy notions. Roscommon. 7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant; superficial. \"Merry and airy.\" Jer. Taylor. 8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of putting on airs; affectedly grand. [Colloq.] 9. (Paint.) Having the light and aërial tints true to nature. Elmes.", - "ais": "The three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South America. See Sloth.", - "aisha": null, "aisle": "(a) A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall. (b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews of a church open.", "aisles": "(a) A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall. (b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews of a church open.", "aitch": "The letter h or H.", "aitches": null, "ajar": "Slightly turned or opened; as, the door was standing ajar.\n\nIn a state of discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the world.", - "ajax": null, - "ak": null, "aka": null, - "akbar": null, - "akhmatova": null, - "akihito": null, "akimbo": "With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward. \"With one arm akimbo.\" Irving.", "akin": "1. Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of persons; as, the two families are near akin. 2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind. \"A joy akin to rapture.\" Cowper. The literary character of the work is akin to its moral character. Jeffrey. Note: This adjective is used only after the noun.", - "akita": null, - "akiva": null, - "akkad": null, - "akron": null, - "al": "All. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nAlthough; if. [Obs.] See All, conj.", - "ala": "A winglike organ, or part.", - "alabama": null, - "alabaman": null, - "alabamans": null, - "alabamian": null, - "alabamians": null, "alabaster": "1. (Min.) (a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc. (b) A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It is sometimes distinguished as oriental alabaster. 2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was originally made. Fosbroke.", "alack": "An exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.] Shak.", "alacrity": "A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced with alacrity to meet the enemy. I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have. Shak.", - "aladdin": null, - "alamo": null, - "alamogordo": null, - "alan": "A wolfhound. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "alana": null, - "alar": "1. Pertaining to, or having, wings. 2. (Bot.) Axillary; in the fork or axil. Gray.", - "alaric": null, "alarm": "1. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy. Arming to answer in a night alarm. Shak. 2. Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger. Sound an alarm in my holy mountain. Joel ii. 1. 3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil. [R.] \"These home alarms.\" Shak. Thy palace fill with insults and alarms. Pope. 4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise. Alarm and resentment spread throughout the camp. Macaulay. 5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum. Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on danger. -- Alarm clock or watch, a clock or watch which can be so set as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention. -- Alarm gauge, a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too low. -- Alarm post, a place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm. Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension; consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude. -- Alarm, Fright, Terror, Consternation. These words express different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings; terror disorders the understanding and affects the will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense; consternation takes possession of the soul, and subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.\n\n1. To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert. 2. To keep in excitement; to disturb. 3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear. Alarmed by rumors of military preparation. Macaulay.", "alarmed": "Aroused to vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated; disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an alarmed modesty. The white pavilions rose and fell On the alarmed air. Longfellow.", "alarming": "Exciting, or calculated to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; as, an alarming crisis or report. -- A*larm\"ing*ly, adv.", @@ -1684,83 +1505,44 @@ "alarmists": "One prone to sound or excite alarms, especially, needless alarms. Macaulay.", "alarms": "1. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy. Arming to answer in a night alarm. Shak. 2. Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger. Sound an alarm in my holy mountain. Joel ii. 1. 3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil. [R.] \"These home alarms.\" Shak. Thy palace fill with insults and alarms. Pope. 4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise. Alarm and resentment spread throughout the camp. Macaulay. 5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum. Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on danger. -- Alarm clock or watch, a clock or watch which can be so set as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention. -- Alarm gauge, a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too low. -- Alarm post, a place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm. Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension; consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude. -- Alarm, Fright, Terror, Consternation. These words express different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings; terror disorders the understanding and affects the will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense; consternation takes possession of the soul, and subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.\n\n1. To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert. 2. To keep in excitement; to disturb. 3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear. Alarmed by rumors of military preparation. Macaulay.", "alas": "An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or white; alas the day, like alack a day, or alas the white.", - "alaska": null, - "alaskan": null, - "alaskans": null, "alb": "A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life.", - "alba": null, "albacore": "See Albicore.", "albacores": "See Albicore.", - "albania": null, - "albanian": "Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey. -- n. A native of Albania.", - "albanians": "Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey. -- n. A native of Albania.", - "albany": null, "albatross": "A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of which there are several species. They are the largest of sea birds, capable of long- continued flight, and are often seen at great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the southern hemisphere.", "albatrosses": null, - "albee": "Although; albeit. [Obs.] Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess. Spenser.", "albeit": "Even though; although; notwithstanding. Chaucer. Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth. Tennyson.", - "alberio": null, - "albert": null, - "alberta": null, - "albertan": null, - "alberto": null, - "albigensian": "Of or pertaining to the Albigenses.", "albinism": "The state or condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.", "albino": "A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll. Amer. Cyc. Note: The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.", "albinos": "A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll. Amer. Cyc. Note: The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.", - "albion": "An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry. In that nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak.", - "albireo": null, "albs": "A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life.", "album": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names, etc. 2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book. 3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.", "albumen": "1. The white of an egg. 2. (Bot.) Nourishing matter stored up within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat, and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in the cocoanut, etc. 3. (Chem.) Same as Albumin.", "albumin": "A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated by heat ad by certain chemical reagents. Acid albumin, a modification of albumin produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by heat. -- Alkali albumin, albumin as modified by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also albuminate.", "albuminous": "Pertaining to, or containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling, albumen or albumin. -- Al*bu\"mi*nous*ness, n.", "albums": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names, etc. 2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book. 3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.", - "albuquerque": null, - "alcatraz": null, - "alcestis": null, "alchemist": "One who practices alchemy. You are alchemist; make gold. Shak.", "alchemists": "One who practices alchemy. You are alchemist; make gold. Shak.", "alchemy": "1. An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to modern chemistry. 2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet. [Obs.] Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. Milton. 3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something precious. Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy. Shak.", - "alcibiades": null, - "alcindor": null, - "alcmena": null, - "alcoa": null, "alcohol": "1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.] 2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] Boyle. 3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation. Note: As used in the U. S. \"Pharmacopoeia, alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water. 4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.", "alcoholic": "Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures; alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.\n\n1. A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors. 2. pl. Alcoholic liquors.", "alcoholically": null, "alcoholics": "Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures; alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.\n\n1. A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors. 2. pl. Alcoholic liquors.", "alcoholism": "A diseased condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of alcoholic liquors.", "alcohols": "1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.] 2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] Boyle. 3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation. Note: As used in the U. S. \"Pharmacopoeia, alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water. 4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.", - "alcott": null, "alcove": "1. (Arch.) A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library. 2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower. Cowper. 3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an apartment. The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove. Falconer.", "alcoves": "1. (Arch.) A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library. 2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower. Cowper. 3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an apartment. The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove. Falconer.", - "alcuin": null, - "alcyone": null, - "aldan": null, - "aldebaran": "A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the Hyades. Now when Aldebaran was mounted high Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair. Spenser.", - "alden": null, "alder": "A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. Black alder. (a) A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b) An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata), bearing red berries.\n\nOf all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "alderamin": null, "alderman": "1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity. [Obs.] Note: The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to princes, dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called Alderman of all England; and there were aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts. 3. One of a board or body of municipal officers next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function. They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial and administrative functions.", "aldermen": null, "alders": "A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. Black alder. (a) A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b) An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata), bearing red berries.\n\nOf all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "alderwoman": null, "alderwomen": null, - "aldo": null, - "aldrin": null, "ale": "1. An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops. Note: The word ale, in England and the United States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word beer a lighter kind. The word beer is also in common use as the generic name for all malt liquors. 2. A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk. \"At wakes and ales.\" B. Jonson.\"On ember eves and holy ales.\" Shak.", "aleatory": "Depending on some uncertain contingency; as, an aleatory contract. Bouvier.", - "alec": null, "alehouse": "A house where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house. Macaulay.", "alehouses": "A house where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house. Macaulay.", - "aleichem": null, - "alejandra": null, - "alejandro": null, - "alembert": null, "alembic": "An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the retort and worm still. Used also metaphorically. The alembic of a great poet's imagination. Brimley.", "alembics": "An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the retort and worm still. Used also metaphorically. The alembic of a great poet's imagination. Brimley.", - "aleppo": null, "alert": "1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance. 2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity. An alert young fellow. Addison. Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.\n\nAn alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle sound to give warning. \"We have had an alert.\" Farrow. On the alert, on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready to act.", "alerted": null, "alerting": null, @@ -1768,27 +1550,9 @@ "alertness": "The quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.", "alerts": "1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance. 2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity. An alert young fellow. Addison. Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.\n\nAn alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle sound to give warning. \"We have had an alert.\" Farrow. On the alert, on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready to act.", "ales": "1. An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops. Note: The word ale, in England and the United States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word beer a lighter kind. The word beer is also in common use as the generic name for all malt liquors. 2. A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk. \"At wakes and ales.\" B. Jonson.\"On ember eves and holy ales.\" Shak.", - "aleut": null, - "aleutian": "Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.", - "aleutians": "Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.", - "aleuts": null, "alewife": "A woman who keeps an alehouse. Gay.\n\nA North American fish (Clupea vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also ellwife, ellwhop, branch herring. The name is locally applied to other related species.", "alewives": null, - "alex": null, - "alexander": null, - "alexanders": "A name given to two species of the genus Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also horse parsely.", - "alexandra": null, - "alexandria": null, - "alexandrian": "1. Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the Alexandrian library. 2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See Alexandrine, n.", - "alexei": null, - "alexis": null, "alfalfa": "The lucern (Medicago sativa); -- so called in California, Texas, etc.", - "alfonso": null, - "alfonzo": null, - "alford": null, - "alfred": null, - "alfreda": null, - "alfredo": null, "alfresco": "In the open-air. Smollett.", "alga": "A kind of seaweed; pl. the class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black, red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine and fresh water confervæ, etc.", "algae": null, @@ -1797,24 +1561,9 @@ "algebraic": "Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of algebra, or deduced from such operation; as, algebraic characters; algebraical writings. Algebraic curve, a curve such that the equation which expresses the relation between the coördinates of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; -- opposed to a transcendental curve.", "algebraically": "By algebraic process.", "algebras": "1. (Math.) That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of magnitude. 2. A treatise on this science.", - "algenib": null, - "alger": null, - "algeria": null, - "algerian": "Of or pertaining to Algeria. -- n. A native of Algeria.", - "algerians": "Of or pertaining to Algeria. -- n. A native of Algeria.", - "algieba": null, - "algiers": null, - "algol": "A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness.", - "algonquian": "Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes. There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees, Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet. -- n. An Algonquian Indian.", - "algonquians": "Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes. There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees, Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet. -- n. An Algonquian Indian.", - "algonquin": "One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.", - "algonquins": "One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.", "algorithm": "1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero. 2. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.", "algorithmic": null, "algorithms": "1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero. 2. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.", - "alhambra": "The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada.", - "alhena": null, - "ali": null, "alias": "(a) Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson. (b) At another time.\n\n(a) A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has expired without effect. (b) Another name; an assumed name.", "aliased": null, "aliases": null, @@ -1823,8 +1572,6 @@ "alibied": null, "alibiing": null, "alibis": "The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an alibi; to prove an alibi.", - "alice": null, - "alicia": null, "alien": "1. Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies, property, shores. 2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (with); incongruous; -- followed by from or sometimes by to; as, principles alien from our religion. An alien sound of melancholy. Wordsworth. Alien enemy (Law), one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours. Abbott.\n\n1. A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See Alienage. 2. One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's mercies. Aliens from the common wealth of Israel. Ephes. ii. 12.\n\nTo alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership. [R.] \"It the son alien lands.\" Sir M. Hale. The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of . . . the marriage. Clarendon.", "alienable": "Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the state.", "alienate": "Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; -- with from. O alienate from God. Milton.\n\n1. To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of. 2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; -- with from. The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart. Macaulay. The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present. I. Taylor.\n\nA stranger; an alien. [Obs.]", @@ -1837,7 +1584,6 @@ "alienist": "One who treats diseases of the mind. Ed. Rev.", "alienists": "One who treats diseases of the mind. Ed. Rev.", "aliens": "1. Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies, property, shores. 2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (with); incongruous; -- followed by from or sometimes by to; as, principles alien from our religion. An alien sound of melancholy. Wordsworth. Alien enemy (Law), one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours. Abbott.\n\n1. A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See Alienage. 2. One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's mercies. Aliens from the common wealth of Israel. Ephes. ii. 12.\n\nTo alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership. [R.] \"It the son alien lands.\" Sir M. Hale. The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of . . . the marriage. Clarendon.", - "alighieri": null, "alight": "1. To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount. 2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof. 3. To come or chance (upon). [R.]\n\nLighted; lighted up; in a flame. \"The lamps were alight.\" Dickens.", "alighted": null, "alighting": null, @@ -1857,18 +1603,10 @@ "alimenting": null, "aliments": "1. That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life generally: sustenance; means of support. Aliments of theiBacon. 2. An allowance for maintenance. [Scot.]\n\n1. To nourish; to support. 2. To provide for the maintenance of. [Scot.]", "alimony": "1. Maintenance; means of living. 2. (Law) An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the same. Wharton. Burrill.", - "aline": "To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align. Evelyn.", - "alioth": "A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in the Dipper.", - "alisa": null, - "alisha": null, - "alison": null, - "alissa": null, - "alistair": null, "alive": "1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a plant which is alive. 2. In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire alive; to keep the affections alive. 3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings; swarming; thronged. The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with muskets and green boughs. Macaulay. 4. Sprightly; lively; brisk. Richardson. 5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive. Tremblingly alive to nature's laws. Falconer. 6. Of all living (by way of emphasis). Northumberland was the proudest man alive. Clarendon. Note: Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man alive! Note: Alive always follows the noun which it qualifies.", "aliveness": null, "aliyah": null, "aliyahs": null, - "alkaid": null, "alkali": "1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc. 2. (Chem.) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue. Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. -- Vegetable alkalies. Same as Alkaloids. -- Volatile alkali, ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed alkalies.", "alkalies": null, "alkaline": "Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali. Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities of alkalies. -- Alkaline metals, potassium, sodium, cæsium, lithium, rubidium. -- Alkaline reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the action on limits, turmeric, etc.", @@ -1882,9 +1620,6 @@ "alkyd": null, "alkyds": null, "all": "1. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength; all happiness; all abundance; loss of all power; beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all of us). Prove all things: hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. v. 21. 2. Any. [Obs.] \"Without all remedy.\" Shak. Note: When the definite article \"the,\" or a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that all qualifies, all precedes the article or the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property; all other joys. Note: This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died, all Judea and all the region round about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or very great numbers. 3. Only; alone; nothing but. I was born to speak all mirth and no matter. Shak. All the whole, the whole (emphatically). [Obs.] \"All the whole army.\" Shak.\n\n1. Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as, all bedewed; my friend is all for amusement. \"And cheeks all pale.\" Byron. Note: In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all too much, all so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive. 2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.] All as his straying flock he fed. Spenser. A damsel lay deploring All on a rock reclined. Gay. All to, or All-to. In such phrases as \"all to rent,\" \"all to break,\" \"all-to frozen,\" etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the all and the to have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to entirely, completely, altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word all (as it does in \"all forlorn,\" and similar expressions), and the to properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG. ter-, HG. zer- ). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif says, \"The vail of the temple was to rent:\" and of Judas, \"He was hanged and to-burst the middle:\" i. e., burst in two, or asunder. -- All along. See under Along. -- All and some, individually and collectively, one and all. [Obs.] \"Displeased all and some.\" Fairfax. -- All but. (a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.] Shak. (b) Almost; nearly. \"The fine arts were all but proscribed.\" Macaulay. -- All hollow, entirely, completely; as, to beat any one all hollow. [Low] -- All one, the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing. -- All over, over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all over. [Colloq.] -- All the better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference. -- All the same, nevertheless. \"There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or not.\" J. C. Shairp. \"But Rugby is a very nice place all the same.\" T. Arnold. -- See also under All, n.\n\nThe whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; as, our all is at stake. Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak. All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43. Note: All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all of us. After all, after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless. -- All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether. Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton. Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson. -- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake. -- All told, all counted; in all. -- And all, and the rest; and everything connected. \"Bring our crown and all.\" Shak. -- At all. (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] \"She is a shrew at al(l).\" Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has he any property at all \"Nothing at all. \" Shak. \"It thy father at all miss me.\" 1 Sam. xx. 6. -- Over all, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer. Note: All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty, already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, all- bountiful, all-glorious, allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, allpower, all-giver. Anciently many words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which are now written separately.\n\nAlthough; albeit. [Obs.] All they were wondrous loth. Spenser.", - "allah": "The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally.", - "allahabad": null, - "allan": null, "allay": "1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions. 2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity. It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak. Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate.\n\nTo diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. \"When the rage allays.\" Shak.\n\nAlleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.]\n\nAlloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller.", "allayed": null, "allaying": null, @@ -1895,8 +1630,6 @@ "alleged": null, "allegedly": null, "alleges": "1. To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to allege a fact. 2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge. [Archaic] 3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution against lending. Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.\n\nTo alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble. [Obs.] Wyclif.", - "alleghenies": null, - "allegheny": "1. Of or pertaining to the Allegheny Mountains, or the region where they are situated. Also Al\"le*gha`ny. 2. [From the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania.] (Geol.) Pertaining to or designating a subdivision of the Pennsylvanian coal measure.", "allegiance": "1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state. 2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science. Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty. -- Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the \"powers that be.\" Allegiance is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as, loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion, etc. Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak. So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.", "allegiances": "1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state. 2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science. Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty. -- Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the \"powers that be.\" Allegiance is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as, loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion, etc. Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak. So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.", "alleging": null, @@ -1907,7 +1640,6 @@ "allegorist": "One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume.", "allegorists": "One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume.", "allegory": "1. A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. 2. Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem. 3. (Paint. & Sculpt.) A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured. Syn. -- Metaphor; fable. -- Allegory, Parable. \"An allegory differs both from fable and parable, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an allegory. \"I am the Vine, ye are the branches\" [John xv. 1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the parable there is no transference of properties. The parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3-23] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and His apostles and disciples.\" C. J. Smith. Note: An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's \"Pilgrim's Progress\" and Spenser's \"Faërie Queene\" are celebrated examples of the allegory.", - "allegra": null, "allegretto": "Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro. -- n. A movement in this time.", "allegrettos": "Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro. -- n. A movement in this time.", "allegro": "Brisk, lively. -- n. An allegro movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece.", @@ -1916,9 +1648,6 @@ "alleles": null, "alleluia": "An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form. I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia. Rev. xix. 1.", "alleluias": "An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form. I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia. Rev. xix. 1.", - "allen": null, - "allende": null, - "allentown": null, "allergen": null, "allergenic": null, "allergens": null, @@ -1937,15 +1666,12 @@ "alleys": "1. A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street. Gay. 3. A passageway between rows of pews in a church. 4. (Persp.) Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the appearance of length. 5. The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing office.\n\nA choice taw or marble. Dickens.", "alleyway": "An alley. ALL FOOLS' DAY All\" Fools' Day`. The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced. The first of April, some do say, Is set apart for All Fools' Day. Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).", "alleyways": "An alley. ALL FOOLS' DAY All\" Fools' Day`. The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced. The first of April, some do say, Is set apart for All Fools' Day. Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).", - "allhallows": "1. All the saints (in heaven). [Obs.] 2. All Saints' Day, November 1st. [Archaic]", "alliance": "1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England. 2. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel. C. J. Smith. The alliance . . . between logic and metaphysics. Mansel. 3. The persons or parties allied. Udall. Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition.\n\nTo connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.]", "alliances": "1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England. 2. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel. C. J. Smith. The alliance . . . between logic and metaphysics. Mansel. 3. The persons or parties allied. Udall. Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition.\n\nTo connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.]", - "allie": null, "allied": "United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.", "allies": null, "alligator": "1. (Zoöl.) A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America. 2. (Mech.) Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator; as, (a) (Metal Working) a form of squeezer for the puddle ball; (b) (Mining) a rock breaker; (c) (Printing) a kind of job press, called also alligator press. Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. -- Alligator fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of northwestern America (Podothecus acipenserinus). -- Alligator gar (Zoöl.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. -- Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of Avocado pear. See Avocado. -- Alligator snapper, Alligator tortoise, Alligator turtle (Zoöl.), a very large and voracious turtle (Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. -- Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West Indies (Guarea Swartzii).", "alligators": "1. (Zoöl.) A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America. 2. (Mech.) Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator; as, (a) (Metal Working) a form of squeezer for the puddle ball; (b) (Mining) a rock breaker; (c) (Printing) a kind of job press, called also alligator press. Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. -- Alligator fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of northwestern America (Podothecus acipenserinus). -- Alligator gar (Zoöl.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. -- Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of Avocado pear. See Avocado. -- Alligator snapper, Alligator tortoise, Alligator turtle (Zoöl.), a very large and voracious turtle (Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. -- Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West Indies (Guarea Swartzii).", - "allison": null, "alliterate": "To employ or place so as to make alliteration. Skeat.\n\nTo compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.", "alliterated": null, "alliterates": "To employ or place so as to make alliteration. Skeat.\n\nTo compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.", @@ -1980,7 +1706,6 @@ "alloying": null, "alloys": "1. Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an amalgam. 2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness. 3. A baser metal mixed with a finer. Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal. Alloy is baser metal mixed with it. Locke. 4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts from; as, no happiness is without alloy. \"Pure English without Latin alloy.\" F. Harrison.\n\n1. To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; as, to alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper. 2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound. 3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; as, to alloy pleasure with misfortunes.\n\nTo form a metallic compound. Gold and iron alloy with ease. Ure.", "allspice": "The berry of the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus); wild allspice (Lindera benzoin), called also spicebush, spicewood, and feverbush.", - "allstate": null, "allude": "To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by to; as, the story alludes to a recent transaction. These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such ministerial garments as were then in use. Hooker. Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer.\n\nTo compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable. [Obs.] Wither.", "alluded": null, "alludes": "To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by to; as, the story alludes to a recent transaction. These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such ministerial garments as were then in use. Hooker. Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer.\n\nTo compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable. [Obs.] Wither.", @@ -2002,25 +1727,17 @@ "alluviums": "Deposits of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas. Lyell.", "ally": "1. To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy; -- often followed by to or with. O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied. Pope. 2. To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love. These three did love each other dearly well, And with so firm affection were allied. Spenser. The virtue nearest to our vice allied. Pope. Note: Ally is generally used in the passive form or reflexively.\n\n1. A relative; a kinsman. [Obs.] Shak. 2. One united to another by treaty or league; -- usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate. The English soldiers and their French allies. Macaulay. 3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary. Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its ally. Buckle. 4. Anything akin to another by structure, etc.\n\nSee Alley, a marble or taw.", "allying": null, - "allyson": null, - "alma": "Same as Alme.", - "almach": null, "almanac": "A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc. Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book, containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other information useful to mariners.", "almanacs": "A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc. Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book, containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other information useful to mariners.", - "almaty": null, "almighty": "1. Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful; irresistible. I am the Almighty God. Gen. xvii. 1. 2. Great; extreme; terrible. [Slang] Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an almighty fix. De Quincey. The Almighty, the omnipotent God. Rev. i. 8.", - "almohad": null, "almond": "1. The fruit of the almond tree. Note: The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick- shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, Amygdalus communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia. 2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree. 3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: (Anat.) One of the tonsils. Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds. -- Oil of bitter almonds, a poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde. -- Imitation oil of bitter almonds, nitrobenzene. -- Almond tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the almond. -- Almond willow (Bot.), a willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides; almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina). Shenstone.", "almonds": "1. The fruit of the almond tree. Note: The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick- shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, Amygdalus communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia. 2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree. 3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: (Anat.) One of the tonsils. Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds. -- Oil of bitter almonds, a poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde. -- Imitation oil of bitter almonds, nitrobenzene. -- Almond tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the almond. -- Almond willow (Bot.), a willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides; almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina). Shenstone.", "almoner": "One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc.", "almoners": "One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc.", - "almoravid": null, "almost": "Nearly; well nigh; all but; for the greatest part. Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28. Almost never, scarcely ever. -- Almost nothing, scarcely anything.", "alms": "Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing; a gift of charity. A devout man . . . which gave much alms to the people. Acts x. 2. Alms are but the vehicles of prayer. Dryden. Tenure by free alms. See Frankalmoign. Blackstone. Note: This word alms is singular in its form (almesse), and is sometimes so used; as, \"asked an alms.\" Acts iii. 3.\"Received an alms.\" Shak. It is now, however, commonly a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as almsgiver, almsgiving, alms bag, alms chest, etc.", "almshouse": "A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.", "almshouses": "A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.", - "alnilam": null, - "alnitak": null, "aloe": "1. pl. The wood of the agalloch. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. (Bot.) A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries. 3. pl. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative. [Plural in form but syntactically singular.] American aloe, Century aloe, the agave. See Agave.", "aloes": "1. pl. The wood of the agalloch. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. (Bot.) A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries. 3. pl. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative. [Plural in form but syntactically singular.] American aloe, Century aloe, the agave. See Agave.", "aloft": "1. On high; in the air; high above the ground. \"He steers his flight aloft.\" Milton. 2. (Naut.) In the top; at the mast head, or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and Colloq.), in or to heaven.\n\nAbove; on top of. [Obs.] Fresh waters run aloft the sea. Holland.", @@ -2030,7 +1747,6 @@ "along": "1. By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise. Some laid along . . . on spokes of wheels are hung. Dryden. 2. In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; forward. We will go along by the king's highway. Numb. xxi. 22. He struck with his o'ertaking wings, And chased us south along. Coleridge. 3. In company; together. He to England shall along with you. Shak. All along, all trough the course of; during the whole time; throughout. \"I have all along declared this to be a neutral paper.\" Addison. -- To get along, to get on; to make progress, as in business. \"She 'll get along in heaven better than you or I.\" Mrs. Stowe.\n\nBy the length of, as distinguished from across. \"Along the lowly lands.\" Dryden. The kine . . . went along the highway. 1 Sam. vi. 12.\n\n(Now heard only in the prep. phrase along of.) Along of, Along on, often shortened to Long of, prep. phr., owing to; on account of. [Obs. or Low. Eng.] \"On me is not along thin evil fare.\" Chaucer. \"And all this is long of you.\" Shak. \"This increase of price is all along of the foreigners.\" London Punch.", "alongshore": "Along the shore or coast.", "alongside": "Along or by the side; side by side with; -- often with of; as, bring the boat alongside; alongside of him; alongside of the tree.", - "alonzo": null, "aloof": "Same as Alewife.\n\n1. At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away. Our palace stood aloof from streets. Dryden. 2. Without sympathy; unfavorably. To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at it aloof and with caution, is the worst of all impieties. I. Taylor.\n\nAway from; clear from. [Obs.] Rivetus . . . would fain work himself aloof these rocks and quicksands. Milton.", "aloofly": null, "aloofness": "State of being aloof. Rogers (1642). The . . . aloofness of his dim forest life. Thoreau.", @@ -2038,7 +1754,6 @@ "alp": "1. A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc. Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp. Milton. Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise. Pope. 2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted. Note: The plural form Alps is sometimes used as a singular. \"The Alps doth spit.\" Shak.\n\nA bullfinch. Rom. of R.", "alpaca": "1. (Zoöl.) An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama. 2. Wool of the alpaca. 3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.", "alpacas": "1. (Zoöl.) An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama. 2. Wool of the alpaca. 3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.", - "alpert": null, "alpha": "The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the beginning. In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Rev. xxii. 13. Note: Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was the alpha of the wits. Note: In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha (a); as, a Lyræ.", "alphabet": "1. The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language. 2. The simplest rudiments; elements. The very alphabet of our law. Macaulay. Deaf and dumb alphabet. See Dactylology.\n\nTo designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically. [R.]", "alphabetic": "1. Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of, the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic characters, writing, languages, arrangement. 2. Literal. [Obs.] \"Alphabetical servility.\" Milton.", @@ -2056,31 +1771,14 @@ "alphanumeric": null, "alphanumerical": null, "alphanumerically": null, - "alphard": null, "alphas": "The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the beginning. In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Rev. xxii. 13. Note: Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was the alpha of the wits. Note: In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha (a); as, a Lyræ.", - "alphecca": null, - "alpheratz": null, - "alphonse": null, - "alphonso": null, "alpine": "1. Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows; Alpine plants. 2. Like the Alps; lofty. \"Gazing up an Alpine height.\" Tennyson.", "alpines": "1. Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows; Alpine plants. 2. Like the Alps; lofty. \"Gazing up an Alpine height.\" Tennyson.", - "alpo": null, "alps": "1. A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc. Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp. Milton. Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise. Pope. 2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted. Note: The plural form Alps is sometimes used as a singular. \"The Alps doth spit.\" Shak.\n\nA bullfinch. Rom. of R.", "already": "Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously. \"Joseph was in Egypt already.\" Exod. i. 5. I say unto you, that Elias is come already. Matt. xvii. 12. Note: It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be already completed, or will have been already completed.", "alright": null, - "alsace": null, - "alsatian": "Pertaining to Alsatia.\n\nAn inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.", - "alsatians": "Pertaining to Alsatia.\n\nAn inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.", "also": "1. In like manner; likewise. [Obs.] 2. In addition; besides; as well; further; too. Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. Matt. vi. 20. 3. Even as; as; so. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Also, Likewise, Too. These words are used by way of transition, in leaving one thought and passing to another. Also is the widest term. It denotes that what follows is all so, or entirely like that which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, \"If you were there, I was there also;\" \"If our situation has some discomforts, it has also many sources of enjoyment.\" Too is simply less formal and pointed than also; it marks the transition with a lighter touch; as, \"I was there too;\" \"a courtier yet a patriot too.\" Pope. Likewise denotes literally \"in like manner,\" and hence has been thought by some to be more specific than also. \"It implies,\" says Whately, \"some connection or agreement between the words it unites. We may say, ` He is a poet, and likewise a musician; ' but we should not say, ` He is a prince, and likewise a musician,' because there is no natural connection between these qualities.\" This distinction, however, is often disregarded.", - "alsop": null, - "alston": null, "alt": "The higher part of the scale. See Alto. To be in alt, to be in an exalted state of mind.", - "alta": null, - "altaba": null, - "altai": null, - "altaic": "Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.", - "altair": null, - "altamira": null, "altar": "1. A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity. Noah builded an altar unto the Lord. Gen. viii. 20. 2. In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table. Note: Altar is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, altar bread or altar-bread. Altar cloth or Altar-cloth, the cover for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly embroidered. -- Altar cushion, a cushion laid upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service book. -- Altar frontal. See Frontal. -- Altar rail, the railing in front of the altar or communion table. -- Altar screen, a wall or partition built behind an altar to protect it from approach in the rear. -- Altar tomb, a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc. -- Family altar, place of family devotions. -- To lead (as a bride) to the altar, to marry; -- said of a woman.", "altarpiece": "The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos.", "altarpieces": "The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos.", @@ -2106,19 +1804,13 @@ "alternator": "An electric generator or dynamo for producing alternating currents.", "alternators": "An electric generator or dynamo for producing alternating currents.", "alters": "1. To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify. \"To alter the king's course.\" \"To alter the condition of a man.\" \"No power in Venice can alter a decree.\" Shak. It gilds all objects, but it alters none. Pope. My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. Ps. lxxxix. 34. 2. To agitate; to affect mentally. [Obs.] Milton. 3. To geld. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Change, Alter. Change is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity.\n\nTo become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure. \"The law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.\" Dan. vi. 8.", - "althea": "(a) A genus of plants of the Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the garden hollyhocks. (b) An ornamental shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus) of the Mallow family.", "although": "Grant all this; be it that; supposing that; notwithstanding; though. Although all shall be offended, yet will no I. Mark xiv. 29. Syn. -- Although, Though. Although, which originally was perhaps more emphatic than though, is now interchangeable with it in the sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the choice.", "altimeter": "An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant, etc. Knight.", "altimeters": "An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant, etc. Knight.", - "altiplano": null, "altitude": "1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree. 2. (Astron.) The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either true or apparent; true when measured from the rational or real horizon, apparent when from the sensible or apparent horizon. 3. (Geom.) The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel to the base; as, the altitude of a triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc. 4. Height of degree; highest point or degree. He is [proud] even to the altitude of his virtue. Shak. 5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority. Swift. 6. pl. Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs. [Colloq.] Richardson. The man of law began to get into his altitude. Sir W. Scott. Meridian altitude, an arc of the meridian intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See Meridian, 3.", "altitudes": "1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree. 2. (Astron.) The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either true or apparent; true when measured from the rational or real horizon, apparent when from the sensible or apparent horizon. 3. (Geom.) The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel to the base; as, the altitude of a triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc. 4. Height of degree; highest point or degree. He is [proud] even to the altitude of his virtue. Shak. 5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority. Swift. 6. pl. Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs. [Colloq.] Richardson. The man of law began to get into his altitude. Sir W. Scott. Meridian altitude, an arc of the meridian intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See Meridian, 3.", - "altman": null, "alto": "1. (Mus.) Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the tenor. 2. An alto singer. Alto clef (Mus.) the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the staff. Moore.", "altogether": "1. All together; conjointly. [Obs.] Altogether they wenChaucer. 2. Without exception; wholly; completely. Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5.", - "altoids": null, - "alton": null, - "altoona": null, "altos": "1. (Mus.) Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the tenor. 2. An alto singer. Alto clef (Mus.) the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the staff. Moore.", "altruism": "Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to egoism or selfishness. [Recent] J. S. Mill.", "altruist": "One imbued with altruism; -- opposed to egoist.", @@ -2126,7 +1818,6 @@ "altruistically": null, "altruists": "One imbued with altruism; -- opposed to egoist.", "alts": "The higher part of the scale. See Alto. To be in alt, to be in an exalted state of mind.", - "aludra": null, "alum": "A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization. Note: Common alum is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum in formula.\n\nTo steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum. Ure.", "alumina": "One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and three of oxygen, Al2O3. Note: It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the decomposition of other aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the mineral corundum.", "aluminum": "See Aluminium.", @@ -2135,22 +1826,10 @@ "alumni": null, "alumnus": "A pupil; especially, a graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.", "alums": "A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization. Note: Common alum is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum in formula.\n\nTo steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum. Ure.", - "alva": null, - "alvarado": null, - "alvarez": null, - "alvaro": null, "alveolar": "Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or sockets. Alveolar processes, the processes of the maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.", "alveolars": "Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or sockets. Alveolar processes, the processes of the maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.", - "alvin": null, "always": "1. At all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually; as, God is always the same. Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts. Milton. 2. Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to sometimes or occasionally. He always rides a black galloway. Bulwer.", - "alyce": null, - "alyson": null, - "alyssa": null, - "alzheimer": null, "am": "The first person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mode, present tense. See Be. God said unto Moses, I am that am. Exod. iii. 14.", - "ama": null, - "amadeus": null, - "amado": null, "amalgam": "1. An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; as, an amalgam of tin, bismuth, etc. Note: Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally. 2. A mixture or compound of different things. 3. (Min.) A native compound of mercury and silver.\n\nTo amalgamate. Boyle. B. Jonson.", "amalgamate": "1. To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury. 2. To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or combine; as, to amalgamate two races; to amalgamate one race with another. Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and amalgamated into one. Burke.\n\n1. To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as quicksilver. 2. To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a uniform whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts amalgamate.\n\nCoalesced; united; combined.", "amalgamated": "Coalesced; united; combined.", @@ -2159,29 +1838,23 @@ "amalgamation": "1. The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mixing them with mercury. Ure. 2. The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous union. Macaulay.", "amalgamations": "1. The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mixing them with mercury. Ure. 2. The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous union. Macaulay.", "amalgams": "1. An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; as, an amalgam of tin, bismuth, etc. Note: Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally. 2. A mixture or compound of different things. 3. (Min.) A native compound of mercury and silver.\n\nTo amalgamate. Boyle. B. Jonson.", - "amalia": null, - "amanda": null, "amanuenses": null, "amanuensis": "A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written.", "amaranth": "1. An imaginary flower supposed never to fade. [Poetic] 2. (Bot.) A genus of ornamental annual plants (Amaranthus) of many species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers. 2. A color inclining to purple.", "amaranths": "1. An imaginary flower supposed never to fade. [Poetic] 2. (Bot.) A genus of ornamental annual plants (Amaranthus) of many species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers. 2. A color inclining to purple.", "amaretto": null, - "amarillo": null, - "amaru": null, "amaryllis": "1. A pastoral sweetheart. To sport with Amaryllis in the shade. Milton. 2. (bot.) (a) A family of plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others. (b) A genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.", "amaryllises": null, "amass": "To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words or phrases. The life Homer has been written by amassing all the traditions and hints the writers could meet with. Pope. Syn. -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.\n\nA mass; a heap. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.", "amassed": null, "amasses": null, "amassing": null, - "amaterasu": null, "amateur": "A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally.", "amateurish": "In the style of an amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an amateur. -- Am`a*teur\"ish*ly, adv. -- Am`a*teur\"ish*ness, n.", "amateurishly": null, "amateurishness": null, "amateurism": "The practice, habit, or work of an amateur.", "amateurs": "A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally.", - "amati": null, "amatory": "Pertaining to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; as, amatory potions.", "amaze": "1. To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Obs.] A labyrinth to amaze his foes. Shak. 2. To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly. \"Amazing Europe with her wit.\" Goldsmith. And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David Matt. xii. 23. Syn. -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex; surprise. -- Amaze, Astonish. Amazement includes the notion of bewilderment of difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we are amazed at what we can not in the least account for. Astonishment also implies surprise. It expresses a state in which one is stunned by the vastness or greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as when one is overpowered by the\n\nTo be astounded. [Archaic] B. Taylor.\n\nBewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement. [Chiefly poetic] The wild, bewildered Of one to stone converted by amaze. Byron.", "amazed": null, @@ -2251,8 +1924,6 @@ "ambushed": null, "ambushes": null, "ambushing": null, - "amd": null, - "amelia": null, "ameliorate": "To make better; to improve; to meliorate. In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition. Macaulay.\n\nTo grow better; to meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by age.", "ameliorated": null, "ameliorates": "To make better; to improve; to meliorate. In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition. Macaulay.\n\nTo grow better; to meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by age.", @@ -2270,42 +1941,17 @@ "amendment": "1. An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices. 2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting. 3. (Law) Correction of an error in a writ or process. Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.", "amendments": "1. An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices. 2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting. 3. (Law) Correction of an error in a writ or process. Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.", "amends": "Compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation. [Now const. with sing. verb.] \"An honorable amends.\" Addison. Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends. Shak.", - "amenhotep": null, "amenities": null, "amenity": "The quality of being pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate, manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity; gentleness. A sweetness and amenity of temper. Buckle. This climate has not seduced by its amenities. W. Howitt.", - "amer": null, - "amerasian": null, "amerce": "1. To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars. Note: The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or it may be introduced by in, with, or of. 2. To punish, in general; to mulct. Millions of spirits for his fault amerced Of Heaven. Milton. Shall by him be amerced with penance due. Spenser.", "amerced": null, "amercement": "The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a fine,in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or practice of affeering. [See Affeer.] Blackstone. Note: This word, in old books, is written amerciament. Amercement royal, a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office. Jacobs.", "amercements": "The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a fine,in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or practice of affeering. [See Affeer.] Blackstone. Note: This word, in old books, is written amerciament. Amercement royal, a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office. Jacobs.", "amerces": "1. To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars. Note: The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or it may be introduced by in, with, or of. 2. To punish, in general; to mulct. Millions of spirits for his fault amerced Of Heaven. Milton. Shall by him be amerced with penance due. Spenser.", "amercing": null, - "america": null, - "american": "1. Of or pertaining to America; as, the American continent: American Indians. 2. Of or pertaining to the United States. \"A young officer of the American navy.\" Lyell. American ivy. See Virginia creeper. -- American Party (U. S. Politics), a party, about 1854, which opposed the influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe allegiance to a foreign power. -- Native american Party (U. S. Politics), a party of principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about 1843, but soon died out.\n\nA native of America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and especially to the citizens of the United States. The name American must always exalt the pride of patriotism. Washington.", - "americana": null, - "americanism": "1. Attachment to the United States. 2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American characteristic or idea. 3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United States.", - "americanisms": "1. Attachment to the United States. 2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American characteristic or idea. 3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United States.", - "americanization": "The process of Americanizing.", - "americanizations": "The process of Americanizing.", - "americanize": "To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.", - "americanized": null, - "americanizes": "To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.", - "americanizing": null, - "americans": "1. Of or pertaining to America; as, the American continent: American Indians. 2. Of or pertaining to the United States. \"A young officer of the American navy.\" Lyell. American ivy. See Virginia creeper. -- American Party (U. S. Politics), a party, about 1854, which opposed the influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe allegiance to a foreign power. -- Native american Party (U. S. Politics), a party of principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about 1843, but soon died out.\n\nA native of America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and especially to the citizens of the United States. The name American must always exalt the pride of patriotism. Washington.", - "americas": null, "americium": null, - "amerind": null, - "amerindian": null, - "amerindians": null, - "amerinds": null, - "ames": null, - "ameslan": null, "amethyst": "1. (Min.) A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone. Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire. 2. (Her.) A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms.", "amethysts": "1. (Min.) A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone. Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire. 2. (Her.) A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms.", - "amgen": null, - "amharic": "Of or pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; as, the Amharic language is closely allied to the Ethiopic. -- n. The Amharic language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).", - "amherst": null, "amiability": "The quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of disposition. Every excellency is a degree of amiability. Jer. Taylor.", "amiable": "1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [Obs. or R.] So amiable a prospect. Sir T. Herbert. 2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood; amiable ideas. 3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; as, an amiable woman. 4. Done out of love. [Obs.] Lay an amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak.", "amiably": "In an amiable manner.", @@ -2317,18 +1963,14 @@ "amides": "A compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an acid atom or radical. Acid amide, a neutral compound formed by the substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an acid.", "amidship": null, "amidships": "In the middle of a ship, with regard to her length, and sometimes also her breadth. Totten.", - "amie": null, - "amiga": null, "amigo": "A friend; -- a Spanish term applied in the Philippine Islands to friendly natives.", "amigos": "A friend; -- a Spanish term applied in the Philippine Islands to friendly natives.", "amine": "One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.", "amines": "One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.", "amino": null, - "amish": "The Amish Mennonites.\n\nOf, pertaining to, or designating, the followers of Jacob Amman, a strict Mennonite of the 17th century, who even proscribed the use of buttons and shaving as \"worldly conformity\". There are several branches of Amish Mennonites in the United States.", "amiss": "Astray; faultily; improperly; wrongly; ill. What error drives our eyes and ears amiss Shak. Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss. James iv. 3. To take (an act, thing) amiss, to impute a wrong motive to (an act or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; as, you must not take these questions amiss.\n\nWrong; faulty; out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to ask advice. Note: [Used only in the predicate.] Dryden. His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is amiss in himself or his circumstances. Wollaston.\n\nA fault, wrong, or mistake. [Obs.] Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss. Shak.", "amitriptyline": null, "amity": "Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; as, a treaty of amity and commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories. To live on terms of amity with vice. Cowper. Syn. -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good will; peace.", - "amman": null, "ammeter": "A contraction of amperometer or ampèremeter.", "ammeters": "A contraction of amperometer or ampèremeter.", "ammo": null, @@ -2349,7 +1991,6 @@ "amnion": "A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles.", "amnions": "A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles.", "amniotic": "Of or pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; as, the amniotic fluid; the amniotic sac. Amniotic acid. (Chem.) [R.] See Allantoin.", - "amoco": null, "amoeba": "A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See Rhizopoda.", "amoebae": null, "amoebas": "A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See Rhizopoda.", @@ -2374,7 +2015,6 @@ "amortized": null, "amortizes": "1. To make as if dead; to destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Law) To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation. See Mortmain. 3. To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund.", "amortizing": null, - "amos": null, "amount": "1. To go up; to ascend. [Obs.] So up he rose, and thence amounted straight. Spenser. 2. To rise or reach by an accumulation of particular sums or quantities; to come (to) in the aggregate or whole; -- with to or unto. 3. To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance, or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically (to); as, the testimony amounts to very little.\n\nTo signify; to amount to. [Obs.]\n\n1. The sum total of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole quantity; a totality; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is 16; the amount of a bill; the amount of this year's revenue. 2. The effect, substance, value, significance, or result; the sum; as, the amount of the testimony is this. The whole amount of that enormous fame. Pope.", "amounted": null, "amounting": null, @@ -2383,7 +2023,6 @@ "amours": "1. Love; affection. [Obs.] 2. Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love affair. In amours with, in love with. [Obs.]", "amoxicillin": null, "amp": null, - "amparo": null, "amperage": "The strength of a current of electricity carried by a conductor or generated by a machine, measured in ampères.", "ampere": "The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the international ampère.\n\nThe unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the international ampère.", "amperes": "The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the international ampère.\n\nThe unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the international ampère.", @@ -2425,14 +2064,9 @@ "amputations": "The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb or projecting part of the body.", "amputee": null, "amputees": null, - "amritsar": null, - "amsterdam": null, "amt": "An administrative territorial division in Denmark and Norway. Each of the provinces [of Denmark] is divided into several amts, answering . . . to the English hundreds. Encyc. Brit.", - "amtrak": null, "amulet": "An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters. Note: [Also used figuratively.]", "amulets": "An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters. Note: [Also used figuratively.]", - "amundsen": null, - "amur": null, "amuse": "1. To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder. [Obs.] Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused in receiving their gold. Holland. Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the house. Fuller. 2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert. A group children amusing themselves with pushing stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake. Gilpin. 3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude. He amused his followers with idle promises. Johnson. Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy. -- To Amuse, Divert, Entertain. We are amused by that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are entertained by that which brings our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous story, or a laughable incident. Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever entertains usually a wakens the understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects. Crabb.\n\nTo muse; to mediate. [Obs.]", "amused": "1. Diverted. 2. Expressing amusement; as, an amused look.", "amusement": "1. Deep thought; muse. [Obs.] Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep amusement, revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs. Fleetwood. 2. The state of being amused; pleasurable excitement; that which amuses; diversion. His favorite amusements were architecture and gardening. Macaulay. Syn. -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation; pastime; sport.", @@ -2440,33 +2074,24 @@ "amuses": "1. To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder. [Obs.] Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused in receiving their gold. Holland. Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the house. Fuller. 2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert. A group children amusing themselves with pushing stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake. Gilpin. 3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude. He amused his followers with idle promises. Johnson. Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy. -- To Amuse, Divert, Entertain. We are amused by that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are entertained by that which brings our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous story, or a laughable incident. Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever entertains usually a wakens the understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects. Crabb.\n\nTo muse; to mediate. [Obs.]", "amusing": "Giving amusement; diverting; as, an amusing story. -- A*mus\"ing*ly, adv.", "amusingly": null, - "amway": null, - "amy": "A friend. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "amygdala": "1. An almond. 2. (Anat.) (a) One of the tonsils of the pharynx. (b) One of the rounded prominences of the lower surface of the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum, each side of the vallecula.", "amylase": null, "amyloid": "1. A non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance. 2. (Med.) The substance deposited in the organs in amyloid degeneration.\n\nResembling or containing amyl; starchlike. Amyloid degeneration (Med.), a diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also waxy or lardaceous degeneration.", "an": "This word is properly an adjective, but is commonly called the indefinite article. It is used before nouns of the singular number only, and signifies one, or any, but somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as \"twice an hour,\" \"once an age,\" a shilling an ounce (see 2d A, 2), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent to each, every. Note: An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, an enemy, an hour. It in also often used before h sounded, when the accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, an historian, an hyena, an heroic deed. Many writers use a before h in such positions. Anciently an was used before consonants as well as vowels.\n\nIf; -- a word used by old English authors. Shak. Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe. B. Jonson. An if, and if; if.", - "ana": "Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted, aa), ., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces. An apothecary with a . . . long bill of anas. Dryden.\n\nA suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus, Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, Johnsoniana of Johnson, etc. Note: Used also as a substantive; as, the French anas. It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the ana of the Continent. Hallam.", - "anabaptist": "A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy. Note: In church history, the name Anabaptists usually designates a sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of Germany, the Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In more modern times the name has been applied to those who do not regard infant baptism as real and valid baptism.", - "anabel": null, "anabolism": "The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from katabolism.", "anachronism": "A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of chronological relation.", "anachronisms": "A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of chronological relation.", "anachronistic": "Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism. T. Warton.", "anachronistically": null, - "anacin": null, "anaconda": "A large South American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes murinus), which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python tigris) of Ceylon.", "anacondas": "A large South American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes murinus), which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python tigris) of Ceylon.", - "anacreon": null, "anaerobe": null, "anaerobes": "Anaërobic bacteria. They are called facultative anaërobia when able to live either in the presence or absence of free oxygen; obligate, or obligatory, anaërobia when they thrive only in its absence.", "anaerobic": "Relating to, or like, anaërobies; araërobiotic.", "anaerobically": null, "anagram": "Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus becomes angelus; William Noy (attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be turned into I moyl in law.\n\nTo anagrammatize. Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus. Warburton.", "anagrams": "Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus becomes angelus; William Noy (attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be turned into I moyl in law.\n\nTo anagrammatize. Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus. Warburton.", - "anaheim": null, "anal": "Pertaining to, or situated near, the anus; as, the anal fin or glands.", - "analects": "A collection of literary fragments.", "analgesia": "Absence of sensibility to pain. Quain.", "analgesic": null, "analgesics": null, @@ -2503,7 +2128,6 @@ "analyzers": "1. One who, or that which, analyzes. 2. (Opt.) The part of a polariscope which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its properties.", "analyzes": "To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance; to analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an action to ascertain its morality. No one, I presume, can analyze the sensations of pleasure or pain. Darwin.", "analyzing": null, - "ananias": null, "anapest": "1. (Pros.) A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented; the reverse of the dactyl. In Latin d, and in English in-ter-vene, are examples of anapests. 2. A verse composed of such feet.", "anapestic": "Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an anapestic meter, foot, verse. -- n. Anapestic measure or verse.", "anapestics": "Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an anapestic meter, foot, verse. -- n. Anapestic measure or verse.", @@ -2515,17 +2139,12 @@ "anarchistic": null, "anarchists": "An anarch; one who advocates anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.", "anarchy": "1. Absence of government; the state of society where there is no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political confusion. Spread anarchy and terror all around. Cowper. 2. Hence, confusion or disorder, in general. There being then . . . an anarchy, as I may term it, in authors and their reFuller.", - "anasazi": null, - "anastasia": null, "anathema": "1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed. [They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers. Priestley. 2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction. Finally she fled to London followed by the anathemas of both [families]. Thackeray. 3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority. The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed himself. Locke. Anathema Maranatha Etym: (see 1 Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly considered as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran atha is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, \"Our Lord cometh.\"", "anathemas": "1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed. [They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers. Priestley. 2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction. Finally she fled to London followed by the anathemas of both [families]. Thackeray. 3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority. The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed himself. Locke. Anathema Maranatha Etym: (see 1 Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly considered as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran atha is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, \"Our Lord cometh.\"", "anathematize": "To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as something accursed. Milton.", "anathematized": null, "anathematizes": "To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as something accursed. Milton.", "anathematizing": null, - "anatole": null, - "anatolia": null, - "anatolian": null, "anatomic": "Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; as, the anatomic art; anatomical observations. Hume.", "anatomical": "Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; as, the anatomic art; anatomical observations. Hume.", "anatomically": "In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection.", @@ -2537,7 +2156,6 @@ "anatomizes": "1. To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of the several parts. 2. To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze. If we anatomize all other reasonings of this nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of cause and effect. Hume.", "anatomizing": null, "anatomy": "1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; dissection. 2. The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization. Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the knowledge of them which is given us by anatomy. Dryden. Note: \"Animal anatomy\" is sometimes called zomy; \"vegetable anatomy,\" phytotomy; \"human anatomy,\" anthropotomy. Comparative anatomy compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals. 3. A treatise or book on anatomy. 4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis; as, the anatomy of a discourse. 5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the appearance of being so. The anatomy of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature. Fuller. They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain, A mere anatomy. Shak.", - "anaxagoras": null, "ancestor": "1. One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father. 2. (Biol.) An earlier type; a progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the ancestor of the horse. 3. (Law) One from whom an estate has descended; -- the correlative of heir.", "ancestors": "1. One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father. 2. (Biol.) An earlier type; a progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the ancestor of the horse. 3. (Law) One from whom an estate has descended; -- the correlative of heir.", "ancestral": "Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors; as, an ancestral estate. \"Ancestral trees.\" Hemans.", @@ -2572,38 +2190,16 @@ "ancillaries": null, "ancillary": "Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary. The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater province. Hallam.", "and": "1. A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence. Note: (a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, \"there are women and women,\" that is, two very different sorts of women. (b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the other, are connected by and; as, \"the tediousness and process of my travel,\" that is, the tedious process, etc.; \"thy fair and outward character,\" that is, thy outwardly fair character, Schmidt's Shak. Lex. 2. In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival to, especially after try, come, go. At least to try and teach the erring soul. Milton. 3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive. When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak. 4. If; though. See An, conj. [Obs.] Chaucer. As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs. Bacon. And so forth, and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other things or ingredients. The abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or &c., is usually read and so forth.", - "andalusia": null, - "andalusian": null, - "andaman": null, "andante": "Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto. -- n. A movement or piece in andante time.", "andantes": "Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto. -- n. A movement or piece in andante time.", - "andean": "Pertaining to the Andes.", - "andersen": null, - "anderson": null, - "andes": null, "andiron": "A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of andirons.", "andirons": "A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of andirons.", - "andorra": null, - "andorran": null, - "andorrans": null, - "andre": null, - "andrea": null, - "andrei": null, - "andres": null, - "andretti": null, - "andrew": null, - "andrews": null, - "andrianampoinimerina": null, "androgen": null, "androgenic": null, "androgynous": "1. Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic. Owen. The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous. Coleridge. 2. (Bot.) Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.", "androgyny": "Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism.", "android": "Resembling a man.\n\nA machine or automaton in the form of a human being.", "androids": "Resembling a man.\n\nA machine or automaton in the form of a human being.", - "andromache": null, - "andromeda": "1. (Astron.) A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical Andromeda. 2. (bot.) A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.", - "andropov": null, - "andy": null, "anecdotal": "Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal conversation.", "anecdotally": null, "anecdote": "1. pl. Unpublished narratives. Burke. 2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life.", @@ -2632,67 +2228,41 @@ "aneurysm": null, "aneurysms": null, "anew": "Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to create anew. Dryden.", - "angara": null, "angel": "1. A messenger. [R.] The dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. B. Jonson. 2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers. O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope, Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings. Milton. 3. One of a class of \"fallen angels;\" an evil spirit; as, the devil and his angels. 4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic] Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write. Rev. ii. 1. 5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon. Shak. 6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling. When pain and anguish wring the brow. Sir W. Scott. 7. (Numis.) An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s. Amer. Cyc. Note: Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as, angel grace; angel whiteness. Angel bed, a bed without posts. -- Angel fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of shark (Squatina angelus) from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, Chætodontidæ. -- Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.] Fuller. -- Angel shark. See Angel fish. -- Angel shot (Mil.), a kind of chain shot. -- Angel water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc. [Obs.]", - "angela": null, - "angeles": null, "angelfish": null, "angelfishes": null, - "angelia": null, "angelic": "Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine. \"Angelic harps.\" Thomson.\"Angelical actions.\" Hooker. The union of womanly tenderness and angelic patience. Macaulay. Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14. Eadie.\n\nOf or derived from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic ether. Angelic acid, an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants.", "angelica": "1. An aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis or Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic tonic. 2. The candied leaf stalks of angelica. Angelica tree, a thorny North American shrub (Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules' club.", "angelical": "Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine. \"Angelic harps.\" Thomson.\"Angelical actions.\" Hooker. The union of womanly tenderness and angelic patience. Macaulay. Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14. Eadie.", "angelically": "Like an angel.", - "angelico": null, - "angelina": null, - "angeline": null, - "angelique": null, - "angelita": null, - "angelo": null, - "angelou": null, "angels": "1. A messenger. [R.] The dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. B. Jonson. 2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers. O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope, Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings. Milton. 3. One of a class of \"fallen angels;\" an evil spirit; as, the devil and his angels. 4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic] Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write. Rev. ii. 1. 5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon. Shak. 6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling. When pain and anguish wring the brow. Sir W. Scott. 7. (Numis.) An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s. Amer. Cyc. Note: Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as, angel grace; angel whiteness. Angel bed, a bed without posts. -- Angel fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of shark (Squatina angelus) from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, Chætodontidæ. -- Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.] Fuller. -- Angel shark. See Angel fish. -- Angel shot (Mil.), a kind of chain shot. -- Angel water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc. [Obs.]", "anger": "1. Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc. [Obs.] I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest anger and soreness still continued. Temple. 2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury. Anger is like A full hot horse, who being allowed his way, Self- mettle tires him. Shak. Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen. -- Anger, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage, Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See Resentment. Wrath and ire (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of anger; and fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to anger; a high sense of honor creates indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and ire of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; rage and fury are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence.\n\n1. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.] He . . . angereth malign ulcers. Bacon. 2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke. Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered than grieved the people. Clarendon.", "angered": null, "angering": null, "angers": "1. Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc. [Obs.] I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest anger and soreness still continued. Temple. 2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury. Anger is like A full hot horse, who being allowed his way, Self- mettle tires him. Shak. Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen. -- Anger, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage, Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See Resentment. Wrath and ire (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of anger; and fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to anger; a high sense of honor creates indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and ire of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; rage and fury are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence.\n\n1. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.] He . . . angereth malign ulcers. Bacon. 2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke. Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered than grieved the people. Clarendon.", - "angevin": null, - "angie": null, "angina": "Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath. Angina pectoris, a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also breast pang, spasm of the chest.", "angioplasties": null, "angioplasty": null, "angiosperm": "A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp. Note: The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are angiosperms, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are gymnosperms.", "angiosperms": "A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp. Note: The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are angiosperms, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are gymnosperms.", - "angkor": null, "angle": "1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a nook. Into the utmost angle of the world. Spenser. To search the tenderest angles of the heart. Milton. 2. (Geom.) (a) The figure made by. two lines which meet. (b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle. 3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment. Though but an angle reached him of the stone. Dryden. 4. (Astrol.) A name given to four of the twelve astrological \"houses.\" [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Etym: [AS. angel.] A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a rod. Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there. Shak. A fisher next his trembling angle bears. Pope. Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than 90º. -- Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg common to both angles. -- Alternate angles. See Alternate. -- Angle bar. (a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as Angle iron. -- Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall. -- Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side pieces together. Knight. -- Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted. -- Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an angle. -- Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of strata. -- Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or both. -- Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines. -- External angles, angles formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened. -- Facial angle. See under Facial. -- Internal angles, those which are within any right-lined figure. -- Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved line. -- Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a right angle. -- Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than 90º. -- Optic angle. See under Optic. -- Rectilineal or Right-lined angle, one formed by two right lines. -- Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90º (measured by a quarter circle). -- Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane angles at one point. -- Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere. -- Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the center of the eye. -- For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence, reflection, refraction, position, repose, fraction, see Commutation, Draught, Incidence, Reflection, Refraction, etc.\n\n1. To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line. 2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; as, to angle for praise. The hearts of all that he did angle for. Shak.\n\nTo try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.] \"He angled the people's hearts.\" Sir P. Sidney.", "angled": "Having an angle or angles; -- used in compounds; as, right- angled, many-angled, etc. The thrice three-angled beechnut shell. Bp. Hall.", "angler": "1. One who angles. 2. (Zoöl.) A fish (Lophius piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also fishing frog, frogfish, toadfish, goosefish, allmouth, monkfish, etc.", "anglers": "1. One who angles. 2. (Zoöl.) A fish (Lophius piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also fishing frog, frogfish, toadfish, goosefish, allmouth, monkfish, etc.", "angles": "An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which came to be called Engla-land (Angleland or England). The Angles probably came from the district of Angeln (now within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc.", - "angleton": null, "angleworm": "A earthworm of the genus Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See Earthworm.", "angleworms": "A earthworm of the genus Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See Earthworm.", - "anglia": null, - "anglican": "1. English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; as, the Anglican church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc. 2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England.\n\n1. A member of the Church of England. Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists. Burke. 2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.", - "anglicanism": "1. Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England. 2. The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party. 3. Attachment to England or English institutions.", - "anglicanisms": "1. Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England. 2. The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party. 3. Attachment to England or English institutions.", - "anglicans": "1. English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; as, the Anglican church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc. 2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England.\n\n1. A member of the Church of England. Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists. Burke. 2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.", "anglicism": "1. An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English. Dryden. 2. The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method.", "anglicisms": "1. An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English. Dryden. 2. The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method.", - "anglicization": "The act of anglicizing, or making English in character.", "anglicize": "To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.", "anglicized": null, "anglicizes": "To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.", "anglicizing": null, "angling": "The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line. Walton.", - "anglo": null, "anglophile": null, "anglophiles": null, - "anglophobe": null, "anglophone": null, "anglophones": null, - "angola": "A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat.", - "angolan": null, - "angolans": null, "angora": "A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc. Angora cat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also Angola cat. See Cat. -- Angora goat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.", "angoras": "A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc. Angora cat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also Angola cat. See Cat. -- Angora goat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.", "angostura": null, @@ -2703,7 +2273,6 @@ "angst": null, "angstrom": null, "angstroms": null, - "anguilla": null, "anguish": "Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress. But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Ex. vi. 9. Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child. Jer. iv. 31. Note: Rarely used in the plural: - Ye miserable people, you must go to God in anguishes, and make your prayer to him. Latimer. Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See Agony.\n\nTo distress with extreme pain or grief. [R.] Temple.", "anguished": null, "anguishes": null, @@ -2712,11 +2281,7 @@ "angularities": null, "angularity": "The quality or state of being angular; angularness.", "angulation": "A making angular; angular formation. Huxley.", - "angus": null, - "anhui": null, "anhydrous": "Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.", - "aniakchak": null, - "anibal": null, "aniline": "An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.\n\nMade from, or of the nature of, aniline.", "anilingus": null, "animadversion": "1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception. [Obs.] The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense, properly so called. Glanvill. 2. Monition; warning. [Obs.] Clarendon. 3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame. He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp animadversions. Clarendon. 4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment. [Archaic] \"Divine animadversions.\" Wesley. Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.", @@ -2752,8 +2317,6 @@ "anise": "1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds. 2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.", "aniseed": "The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. \"Oil of aniseed.\" Brande & C.", "anisette": "A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De Colange.", - "anita": null, - "ankara": null, "ankh": "A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also crux ansata.", "ankhs": "A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also crux ansata.", "ankle": "The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus. Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.", @@ -2762,31 +2325,21 @@ "ankles": "The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus. Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.", "anklet": "An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.", "anklets": "An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.", - "ann": "A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.", - "anna": "An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2", - "annabel": null, - "annabelle": null, "annalist": "A writer of annals. The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.", "annalists": "A writer of annals. The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.", "annals": "1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. \"Annals the revolution.\" Macaulay. \"The annals of our religion.\" Rogers. 2. Historical records; chronicles; history. The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray. It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke. 3. sing. The record of a single event or item. \"In deathless annal.\" Young. 4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as \"Annals of Science.\" Syn. -- History. See History.", - "annam": null, - "annapolis": null, - "annapurna": null, - "anne": null, "anneal": "1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen. 2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.", "annealed": null, "annealing": "1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat. 2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.", "anneals": "1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen. 2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.", "annelid": "Of or pertaining to the Annelida. -- n. One of the Annelida.", "annelids": "Of or pertaining to the Annelida. -- n. One of the Annelida.", - "annette": null, "annex": "1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed by to. \"He annexed a codicil to a will.\" Johnson. 2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater. He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson. 3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt. Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add.\n\nTo join; to be united. Tooke.\n\nSomething annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.", "annexation": "1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold. 2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown. Wharton.", "annexations": "1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold. 2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown. Wharton.", "annexed": null, "annexes": null, "annexing": null, - "annie": null, "annihilate": "1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be. It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon. 2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees. \"To annihilate the army.\" Macaulay. 3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness.\n\nAnhilated. [Archaic] Swift.", "annihilated": null, "annihilates": "1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be. It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon. 2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees. \"To annihilate the army.\" Macaulay. 3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness.\n\nAnhilated. [Archaic] Swift.", @@ -2794,10 +2347,8 @@ "annihilation": "1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the annihilation of a corporation. 2. The state of being annihilated. Hooker.", "annihilator": "One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator.", "annihilators": "One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator.", - "anniston": null, "anniversaries": null, "anniversary": "Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast. Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See Anniversary, n., 2. -- Anniversary week, that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. [Eastern U. S.]\n\n1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. 2. (R. C. Ch.) The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope. 3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day. Dryden.", - "annmarie": null, "annotate": "To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of Bacon.\n\nTo make notes or comments; -- with on or upon.", "annotated": null, "annotates": "To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of Bacon.\n\nTo make notes or comments; -- with on or upon.", @@ -2871,13 +2422,7 @@ "anorexic": null, "anorexics": null, "another": "1. One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect. Another yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more. Shak. Would serve to scale another Hero's tower. Shak. 2. Not the same; different. He winks, and turns his lips another way. Shak. 3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else; some one else. Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth. Prov. xxvii. 2. While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. John v. 7. Note: As a pronoun another may have a possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl. other'. It is much used in opposition to one; as, one went one way, another another. It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, \"love one another,\" that is, let each love the other or others. \"These two imparadised in one another's arms.\" Milton.", - "anouilh": null, "ans": "This word is properly an adjective, but is commonly called the indefinite article. It is used before nouns of the singular number only, and signifies one, or any, but somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as \"twice an hour,\" \"once an age,\" a shilling an ounce (see 2d A, 2), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent to each, every. Note: An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, an enemy, an hour. It in also often used before h sounded, when the accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, an historian, an hyena, an heroic deed. Many writers use a before h in such positions. Anciently an was used before consonants as well as vowels.\n\nIf; -- a word used by old English authors. Shak. Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe. B. Jonson. An if, and if; if.", - "anselm": null, - "anselmo": null, - "anshan": null, - "ansi": null, - "ansis": null, "answer": "1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a charge; to answer an accusation. 2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to. She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak. So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . And him thus answered soon his bold compeer. Milton. 3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute. No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46. These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton. The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay. 4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant answered the bell. This proud king . . . studies day and night To answer all the debts he owes unto you. Shak. (b) To render account to or for. I will . . . send him to answer thee. Shak. (c) To atone; to be punished for. And grievously hath Cæzar answered it. Shak. (d) To be opposite to; to face. The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them. Gilpin. (e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay. [R.] Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19. (f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit. Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. Swift.\n\n1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response. There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26. 2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his care. Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak. 3. To be or act in return. Hence: (a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on some soils. Do the strings answer to thy noble hand Dryden. (b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition. (c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as, a very few will answer. (d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually with to. That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to convenience. Shak. If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro\n\n1. A reply to a change; a defense. At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16. 2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6. 3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action. Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be Britons must take. Shak. 4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer to a problem. 5. (Law) A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill. Bouvier. Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply.", "answerable": "1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or for damages. Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is answerable only to God Swift. 2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer. The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson. 3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable. What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and orderly course Holland. This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians. Milton. 4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it. 5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic] Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton.", "answered": null, @@ -2888,7 +2433,6 @@ "ant": "A hymenopterous insect of the Linnæan genus Formica, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire. Note: Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants, honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to the Neuroptera. Ant bird (Zoöl.), one of a very extensive group of South American birds (Formicariidæ), which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens. -- Ant rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.", "antacid": "A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. -- a. Counteractive of acidity.", "antacids": "A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. -- a. Counteractive of acidity.", - "antaeus": null, "antagonism": "Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles. Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing.", "antagonisms": "Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles. Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing.", "antagonist": "1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent. Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton. Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker. 2. (Anat.) A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it. 3. (Med.) A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues. Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See Adversary.\n\nAntagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy.", @@ -2899,10 +2443,7 @@ "antagonized": null, "antagonizes": "To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.\n\nTo act in opposition.", "antagonizing": null, - "antananarivo": null, "antarctic": "Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 23º 28min. Thus we say the antarctic pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.", - "antarctica": null, - "antares": "The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also the Scorpion's Heart.", "ante": "Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (ante) the game begins.\n\nTo put up (an ante).", "anteater": null, "anteaters": null, @@ -2943,10 +2484,8 @@ "anthologizes": null, "anthologizing": null, "anthology": "1. A discourses on flowers. [R.] 2. A collection of flowers; a garland. [R.] 3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams. 4. (Gr. Ch.) A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services.", - "anthony": null, "anthracite": "A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and blind coal.", "anthrax": "1. (Med.) (a) A carbuncle. (b) A malignant pustule. 2. (Biol.) A microscopic, bacterial organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.] 3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also splenic fever.", - "anthropocene": null, "anthropocentric": "Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system. Draper.", "anthropoid": "Resembling man; -- applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. -- n. An anthropoid ape.", "anthropoids": "Resembling man; -- applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. -- n. An anthropoid ape.", @@ -2973,8 +2512,6 @@ "antibody": "Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells also results in the development of their specific antibodies.", "antic": "1. Old; antique. (Zoöl.) \"Lords of antic fame.\" Phaer. 2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous. The antic postures of a merry-andrew. Addison. The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all antic for shape. Fuller.\n\n1. A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play. 2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure. Woven with antics and wild imagery. Spenser. 3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper. And fraught with antics as the Indian bird That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage. Wordsworth. 4. (Arch.) A grotesque representation. [Obs.] 5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.] Performed by knights and ladies of his court In nature of an antic. Ford.\n\nTo make appear like a buffoon. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo perform antics.", "anticancer": null, - "antichrist": "A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.", - "antichrists": "A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.", "anticipate": "1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action. To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall. He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay. 2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part of his argument. 3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired. 4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils of life. Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect. -- To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally, to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, \"I did not anticipate a refusal,\" expresses something less definite and strong than to say, \" did not expect it.\" Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow. Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Milton. I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator. Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay.", "anticipated": null, "anticipates": "1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action. To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall. He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay. 2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part of his argument. 3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired. 4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils of life. Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect. -- To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally, to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, \"I did not anticipate a refusal,\" expresses something less definite and strong than to say, \" did not expect it.\" Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow. Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Milton. I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator. Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay.", @@ -3006,8 +2543,6 @@ "antidepressants": null, "antidote": "1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.\n\n1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote. Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins. South. 2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.", "antidotes": "1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.\n\n1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote. Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins. South. 2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.", - "antietam": null, - "antifa": null, "antifascist": null, "antifascists": null, "antiferromagnetic": null, @@ -3016,16 +2551,12 @@ "antigenic": null, "antigenicity": null, "antigens": null, - "antigone": null, - "antigua": null, "antihero": null, "antiheroes": null, "antihistamine": null, "antihistamines": null, "antiknock": null, "antilabor": null, - "antillean": null, - "antilles": null, "antilogarithm": "The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. -- An`ti*log`a*rith\"mic, a.", "antilogarithms": "The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. -- An`ti*log`a*rith\"mic, a.", "antimacassar": "A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair.", @@ -3040,12 +2571,10 @@ "antineutron": null, "antineutrons": null, "antinuclear": null, - "antioch": null, "antioxidant": null, "antioxidants": null, "antiparticle": null, "antiparticles": null, - "antipas": null, "antipasti": null, "antipasto": null, "antipastos": null, @@ -3123,16 +2652,6 @@ "antler": "The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag. Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay. Note: The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See Velvet. Antler moth (Zoöl.), a destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands.", "antlered": "Furnished with antlers. The antlered stag. Cowper.", "antlers": "The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag. Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay. Note: The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See Velvet. Antler moth (Zoöl.), a destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands.", - "antofagasta": null, - "antoine": null, - "antoinette": null, - "anton": null, - "antone": null, - "antonia": null, - "antoninus": null, - "antonio": null, - "antonius": null, - "antony": null, "antonym": "A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; -- used as a correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith.", "antonymous": null, "antonyms": "A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; -- used as a correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith.", @@ -3141,9 +2660,6 @@ "antsier": null, "antsiest": null, "antsy": null, - "antwan": null, - "antwerp": null, - "anubis": "An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.", "anus": "The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled.", "anuses": null, "anvil": "1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped. 2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use. Specifically (Anat.), the incus. See Incus. To be on the anvil, to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. Swift.\n\nTo form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor. Beau. & Fl.", @@ -3167,17 +2683,10 @@ "anyways": "Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey.", "anywhere": "In any place. Udall.", "anywise": "In any wise or way; at all. \"Anywise essential.\" Burke.", - "anzac": null, - "anzus": null, - "aol": null, "aorta": "The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system. Note: In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the oesophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.", "aortas": "The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system. Note: In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the oesophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.", "aortic": "Of or pertaining to the aorta.", - "ap": null, "apace": "With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser. A visible triumph of the gospel drawapace. I. Taylor.", - "apache": null, - "apaches": "A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.", - "apalachicola": null, "apart": "1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside. Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton. The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps. iv. 3. 2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two propositions apart. 3. Aside; away. \"Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness.\" Jas. i. 21. Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. Keble. 4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as, to take a piece of machinery apart.", "apartheid": null, "apartment": "1. A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions. Fielding. 2. A set or suite of rooms. De Quincey. 3. A compartment. [Obs.] Pope.", @@ -3186,13 +2695,9 @@ "apathetically": "In an apathetic manner.", "apathy": "Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion. \"The apathy of despair.\" Macaulay. A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course. Prescott. According to the Stoics, apathy meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason. Fleming. Note: In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns. Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.", "apatite": "Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.", - "apatosaurus": null, - "apb": null, - "apc": null, "ape": "1. (Zoöl.) A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family Simiadæ, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called anthropoid apes or man apes. Note: The ape of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms. 2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic. Byron. 3. A dupe. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally. \"How he apes his sire.\" Addison. The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never tried. Burke.", "aped": null, "apelike": null, - "apennines": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.", "aperitif": null, "aperitifs": null, "aperture": "1. The act of opening. [Obs.] 2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture in a wall. An aperture between the mountains. Gilpin. The back aperture of the nostrils. Owen. 3. (Opt.) The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch aperture. Note: The aperture of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the angular aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100º aperture.", @@ -3214,9 +2719,6 @@ "aphoristically": "In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily.", "aphrodisiac": "Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.\n\nThat which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.", "aphrodisiacs": "Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.\n\nThat which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.", - "aphrodite": "1. (Classic Myth.) The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans. 2. (Zoöl.) A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike setæ; the sea mouse. 3. (Zoöl.) A beautiful butterfly (Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United States.", - "api": null, - "apia": null, "apiaries": null, "apiarist": "One who keeps an apiary.", "apiarists": "One who keeps an apiary.", @@ -3229,7 +2731,6 @@ "apishly": "In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.", "aplenty": null, "aplomb": "Assurance of manner or of action; self-possession.", - "apo": "A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies from, away from, off, or asunder, separate; as, in apocope (a cutting off), apostate, apostle (one sent away), apocarpous.", "apocalypse": "1. The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament. 2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure. The new apocalypse of Nature. Carlyle.", "apocalypses": "1. The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament. 2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure. The new apocalypse of Nature. Carlyle.", "apocalyptic": "Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic revelation. Apocolyptic number, the number 666, mentioned in Rev. xiii. 18. It has been variously interpreted.\n\nThe writer of the Apocalypse.", @@ -3240,10 +2741,6 @@ "apogees": "1. (Astron.) That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth. Note: Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth. 2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination.", "apolitical": null, "apolitically": null, - "apollinaire": null, - "apollo": "A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the \"sun god\"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called also Phébus. The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.", - "apollonian": "Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.", - "apollos": "A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the \"sun god\"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called also Phébus. The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.", "apologetic": "Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an apologetic essay. \"To speak in a subdued and apologetic tone.\" Macaulay.", "apologetically": "By way of apology.", "apologia": null, @@ -3282,9 +2779,6 @@ "apotheoses": null, "apotheosis": "1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, \"the gods;\" deification. 2. Glorification; exaltation. \"The apotheosis of chivalry.\" Prescott. \"The noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery.\" F. Harrison.", "app": null, - "appalachia": null, - "appalachian": "Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the Allegheny mountains. Note: The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians. Am. Cyc.", - "appalachians": "Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the Allegheny mountains. Note: The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians. Am. Cyc.", "appall": "1. To make pale; to blanch. [Obs.] The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . Hath so appalled my countenance. Wyatt. 2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold. Holland. 3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart. The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum. Clarendon. Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress. See Dismay.\n\n1. To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To lose flavor or become stale. [Obs.]\n\nTerror; dismay. [Poet.] Cowper.", "appalled": null, "appalling": "Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident. -- Ap*pall\"ing*ly, adv.", @@ -3361,9 +2855,7 @@ "applejack": null, "apples": "1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones. Note: The European crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung. 2. (bot.) Any tree genus Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an apple tree. 3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; as, apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple. 4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold. Note: Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as, apple paper or apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple blossom, apple dumpling, apple pudding. Apple blight, an aphid which injures apple trees. See Blight, n. -- Apple borer (Zoöl.), a coleopterous insect (Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree. -- Apple brandy, brandy made from apples. -- Apple butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider. Bartlett. -- Apple corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples. -- Apple fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta. -- Apple midge (Zoöl.) a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which bores in apples. -- Apple of the eye, the pupil. -- Apple of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed \"For the fairest,\" which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter. -- Apple of love, or Love apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Apple of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. -- Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of Solanum Sodomæum, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. -- Apple sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] -- Apple snail or Apple shell (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus Ampullaria. -- Apple tart, a tart containing apples. -- Apple tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2. -- Apple wine, cider. -- Apple worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth. -- Dead Sea Apple. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. \"To seek the Dead Sea apples of politics.\" S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See Gallnut.\n\nTo grow like an apple; to bear apples. Holland.", "applesauce": null, - "appleseed": null, "applet": null, - "appleton": null, "applets": null, "appliance": "1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak. 2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances.", "appliances": "1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak. 2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances.", @@ -3395,7 +2887,6 @@ "appointment": "1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men. 2. The state of being appointed to somappointment of treasurer. 3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six. 4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to submit to the divine appointments. According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9. 5. (Law) The exercise of the power of designating (under a \"power of appointment\") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made. 6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords. The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their appointments. Prescott. I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment, that thou liest. Beau. & Fl. 7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural. [Obs.] An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary. Chesterfield. 8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.] Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.", "appointments": "1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men. 2. The state of being appointed to somappointment of treasurer. 3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six. 4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to submit to the divine appointments. According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9. 5. (Law) The exercise of the power of designating (under a \"power of appointment\") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made. 6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords. The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their appointments. Prescott. I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment, that thou liest. Beau. & Fl. 7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural. [Obs.] An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary. Chesterfield. 8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.] Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.", "appoints": "1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out. When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. viii. 29. 2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of. Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. 2 Sam. xv. 15. He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness. Acts xvii. 31. Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and appoint the meeting. Shak. 3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority. Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service. Num. iv. 19. These were cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them. Josh. xx. 9. 4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out. The English, being well appointed, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn. Hayward. 5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.] Appoint not heavenly disposition. Milton. 6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed. Burrill. Kent. To appoint one's self, to resolve. [Obs.] Crowley.\n\nTo ordain; to determine; to arrange. For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph2 Sam. xvii. 14.", - "appomattox": null, "apportion": "To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments.", "apportioned": null, "apportioning": null, @@ -3491,11 +2982,8 @@ "appurtenance": "That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid.", "appurtenances": "That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid.", "appurtenant": "Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; incident; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. Common appurtenatn. (Law) See under Common, n.\n\nSomething which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance. Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge.", - "apr": null, "apricot": "A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linnæus) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone.", "apricots": "A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linnæus) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone.", - "april": "1. The fourth month of the year. 2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of April.", - "aprils": "1. The fourth month of the year. 2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of April.", "apron": "1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings. 2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. \"The weather being too hot for the apron.\" Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zoöl.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.", "aprons": "1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings. 2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. \"The weather being too hot for the apron.\" Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zoöl.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.", "apropos": "1. Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable. A tale extremely apropos. Pope. 2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.", @@ -3508,10 +2996,8 @@ "aptitudes": "1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn. He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of irregular troops. Macaulay. 2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation. That sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man and woman. Milton. 3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness. He was a boy of remarkable aptitude. Macaulay.", "aptly": "In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily.", "aptness": "1. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of things to their end. The aptness of his quotations. J. R. Green. 2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example. 3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others. 4. Proneness; tendency; as, the aptness of iron to rust.", - "apuleius": null, "aqua": "Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. Aqua ammoniæ, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. -- Aqua marine, or Aqua marina. Same as Aquamarine. -- Aqua regia. Etym: [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the \"royal\" metal. -- Aqua Tofana, a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons. Francis. -- Aqua vitæ Etym: [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak.", "aquaculture": null, - "aquafresh": null, "aqualung": null, "aqualungs": null, "aquamarine": "A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See Beryl.", @@ -3522,11 +3008,8 @@ "aquaplaned": null, "aquaplanes": null, "aquaplaning": null, - "aquarian": "Of or pertaining to an aquarium.\n\nOne of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.", "aquarium": "An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept.", "aquariums": "An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept.", - "aquarius": "(a) The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. (b) A constellation south of Pegasus.", - "aquariuses": null, "aquas": "Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. Aqua ammoniæ, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. -- Aqua marine, or Aqua marina. Same as Aquamarine. -- Aqua regia. Etym: [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the \"royal\" metal. -- Aqua Tofana, a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons. Francis. -- Aqua vitæ Etym: [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak.", "aquatic": "Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; as, aquatic plants and fowls.\n\n1. An aquatic animal or plant. 2. pl. Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water.", "aquatically": null, @@ -3539,43 +3022,14 @@ "aqueous": "1. Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery. The aqueous vapor of the air. Tyndall. 2. Made from, or by means of, water. An aqueous deposit. Dana. Aqueous extract, an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water. -- Aqueous humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See Eye.) -- Aqueous rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also sedimentary rocks.", "aquifer": null, "aquifers": null, - "aquila": "1. (Zoöl.) A genus of eagles. 2. (Astron.) A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle. Aquila alba Etym: [L., white eagle], an alchemical name of calomel. Brande & C.", "aquiline": "1. Belonging to or like an eagle. 2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. Cowper.", - "aquinas": null, - "aquino": null, - "aquitaine": null, - "ar": "Ere; before. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "ara": "The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the Scorpion.\n\nA name of the great blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South America.", - "arab": "One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc. Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor. The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev.", "arabesque": "A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together. Note: It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.\n\n1. Arabian. [Obs.] 2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes.", "arabesques": "A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together. Note: It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.\n\n1. Arabian. [Obs.] 2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes.", - "arabia": null, - "arabian": "Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. Arabian bird, the phenix. Shak.\n\nA native of Arabia; an Arab.", - "arabians": "Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. Arabian bird, the phenix. Shak.\n\nA native of Arabia; an Arab.", - "arabic": "Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians. Arabic numerals or figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0. -- Gum arabic. See under Gum.\n\nThe language of the Arabians. Note: The Arabic is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.", "arability": null, - "arabist": "One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.", - "arabists": "One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.", "arable": "Fit for plowing or tillage; -- hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled.\n\nArable land; plow land.", - "arabs": "One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc. Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor. The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev.", - "araby": "The country of Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic]", - "araceli": null, "arachnid": "An arachnidan. Huxley.", "arachnids": "An arachnidan. Huxley.", "arachnophobia": null, - "arafat": null, - "aragon": null, - "araguaya": null, - "aral": null, - "aramaic": "Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aramæan; -- specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee. -- n. The Aramaic language.", - "aramco": null, - "arapaho": null, - "arapahoes": null, - "arapahos": null, - "ararat": null, - "araucanian": null, - "arawak": null, - "arawakan": null, "arbiter": "1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them. Note: In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word. 2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper. Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor.\n\nTo act as arbiter between. [Obs.]", "arbiters": "1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them. Note: In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word. 2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper. Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor.\n\nTo act as arbiter between. [Obs.]", "arbitrage": "1. Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination. [Archaic] 2. (Com) A traffic in bills of exchange (see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets.", @@ -3598,7 +3052,6 @@ "arbitration": "The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties. Note: This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called arbitrators; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination is called the award. Bouvier Arbitration bond, a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an arbitration. -- Arbitration of Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated rate is one determined by such arbitration through the medium of one or more intervening currencies.", "arbitrator": "1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration. 2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison. Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge.", "arbitrators": "1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration. 2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison. Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge.", - "arbitron": null, "arbor": "A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. Sidney.\n\n1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from a shrub. 2. Etym: [Cf. F. arbre.] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. Arbor Day, a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.]", "arboreal": "1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees. Cowley. 2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals. Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin.", "arboretum": "A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.", @@ -3611,8 +3064,6 @@ "arc": "1. (Geom.) A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse. 2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant. 3. An arch. [Obs.] Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton. 4. The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric arc, Voltaic arc. See under Voltaic.", "arcade": "1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery. 2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.", "arcades": "1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery. 2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.", - "arcadia": "1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness. 2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet. Where the cow is, there is Arcadia. J. Burroughs.", - "arcadian": "Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as, Arcadian simplicity or scenery.", "arcane": "Hidden; secret. [Obs.] \"The arcane part of divine wisdom.\" Berkeley.", "arced": null, "arch": "1. (Geom.) Any part of a curved line. 2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i. e., semicircular), or pointed. (b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve. Note: Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust. 3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway; as, to pass into the arch of a bridge. 4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as, the arch of the aorta. \"Colors of the showery arch.\" Milton. Triumphal arch, a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph.\n\n1. To cover with an arch or arches. 2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch. The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth.\n\nTo form into an arch; to curve.\n\n1. Chief; eminent; greatest; principal. The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak. 2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look, word, lad. [He] spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler.\n\nA chief. [Obs.] My worthy arch and patron comes to-night. Shak.\n\nA suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler).", @@ -3642,7 +3093,6 @@ "archduchesses": null, "archduke": "A prince of the imperial family of Austria. Note: Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled archduke, and all such female descendants archduchesses.", "archdukes": "A prince of the imperial family of Austria. Note: Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled archduke, and all such female descendants archduchesses.", - "archean": null, "arched": "Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched door.", "archenemies": null, "archenemy": "A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind. Milton.", @@ -3656,10 +3106,7 @@ "archetypes": "1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed. The House of Commons, the archetype of all the representative assemblies which now meet. Macaulay. Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that was to come into the world. South. 2. (Coinage) The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted. 3. (Biol.) The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as, the vertebrate archetype.", "archfiend": null, "archfiends": null, - "archibald": null, - "archie": null, "archiepiscopal": "Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see.", - "archimedes": "An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw.", "arching": "1. The arched part of a structure. 2. (Naut.) Hogging; -- opposed to sagging.", "archipelago": "1. The Grecian Archipelago, or Ægean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands. 2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.", "archipelagos": "1. The Grecian Archipelago, or Ægean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands. 2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.", @@ -3688,14 +3135,10 @@ "arcs": "1. (Geom.) A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse. 2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant. 3. An arch. [Obs.] Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton. 4. The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric arc, Voltaic arc. See under Voltaic.", "arctic": "Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature. Note: The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23º 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See Zone.\n\n1. The arctic circle. 2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.]", "arctics": "Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature. Note: The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23º 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See Zone.\n\n1. The arctic circle. 2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.]", - "arcturus": "A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation Boötes. Note: Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major. Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.: \"the Bear with her train\"]. Job xxxviii. 32.", - "ardabil": null, - "arden": null, "ardent": "1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an ardent fever. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent eyes. Dryden. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper. An ardent and impetuous race. Macaulay. Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.", "ardently": "In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately.", "ardor": "1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. 2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor. 3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.] Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor.", "ardors": "1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. 2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor. 3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.] Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor.", - "arduino": null, "arduous": "1. Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb. Those arduous pats they trod. Pope. 2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise. Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting. -- Arduous, Hard, Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than difficult; as, a hard duty to perform, hard work, a hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be hard but not difficult. We call a thing arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as, an arduous task, an arduous duty. \"It is often difficult to control our feelings; it is still harder to subdue our will; but it is an arduous undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others.\"", "arduously": "In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness.", "arduousness": "The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution.", @@ -3703,24 +3146,12 @@ "area": "1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building. The Alban lake . . . looks like the area of some vast amphitheater. Addison. 2. The inclosed space on which a building stands. 3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building. 4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated areas. 5. (Geom.) The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a triangle. 6. (Biol.) A spot or small marked space; as, the germinative area. 7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide area of thought. The largest area of human history and man's common nature. F. Harrison. Dry area. See under Dry.", "areal": "Of or pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves).", "areas": "1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building. The Alban lake . . . looks like the area of some vast amphitheater. Addison. 2. The inclosed space on which a building stands. 3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building. 4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated areas. 5. (Geom.) The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a triangle. 6. (Biol.) A spot or small marked space; as, the germinative area. 7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide area of thought. The largest area of human history and man's common nature. F. Harrison. Dry area. See under Dry.", - "arecibo": null, "arena": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called because it was covered with sand. 2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of life. 3. (Med.) \"Sand\" or \"gravel\" in the kidneys.", "arenas": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called because it was covered with sand. 2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of life. 3. (Med.) \"Sand\" or \"gravel\" in the kidneys.", - "arequipa": null, "ares": "The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to be; but etymologically a different word from be, or was. Am, art, are, and is, all come from the root as.\n\nThe unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards.", "argent": "1. Silver, or money. [Archaic] 2. (Fig. & Poet.) Whiteness; anything that is white. The polished argent of her breast. Tennyson. 3. (Her.) The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness; -- represented in engraving by a plain white surface. Weale.\n\nMade of silver; of a silvery color; white; shining. Yonder argent fields above. Pope.", - "argentina": null, - "argentine": "1. Pertaining to, or resembling, silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery. Celestial Dian, goddess argentine. Shak. 2. Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in South America.\n\n1. (Min.) A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure. 2. White metal coated with silver. Simmonds. 3. (Zoöl.) A fish of Europe (Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales. The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus Argentina. 4. A citizen of the Argentine Republic.", - "argentinean": null, - "argentinian": null, - "argentinians": null, "arginine": null, - "argo": "1. (Myth.) The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece. 2. (Astron.) A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also Argo Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, Carina, Puppis, and Vela.", "argon": "A substance regarded as an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its chemical inertness. Rayleigh and Ramsay.", - "argonaut": "1. Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece. 2. (Zoöl.) A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta.", - "argonauts": "1. Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece. 2. (Zoöl.) A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta.", - "argonne": null, - "argos": "1. (Myth.) The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece. 2. (Astron.) A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also Argo Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, Carina, Puppis, and Vela.", "argosies": null, "argosy": "A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of the largest size. Where your argosies with portly sail . . . Do overpeer the petty traffickers. Shak.", "argot": "A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.", @@ -3739,72 +3170,38 @@ "argumentatively": null, "argumentativeness": null, "arguments": "1. Proof; evidence. [Obs.] There is.. no more palpable and convincing argument of the existence of a Deity. Ray. Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an argument of parts for a man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for religion South. 2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it, or against it. 3. A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation. The argument is about things, but names. Locke. 4. The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem. You and love are still my argument. Shak. The abstract or argument of the piece. Jeffrey. [Shields] with boastful argument portrayed. Milton. 5. Matter for question; business in hand. [Obs.] Sheathed their swords for lack of argument. Shak. 6. (Astron.) The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction. 7. (Math.) The independent variable upon whose value that of a function depends. Brande & C.\n\nTo make an argument; to argue. [Obs.] Gower.", - "argus": "1. (Myth.) A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were transplanted to the peacock's tail. 2. One very vigilant; a guardian always watchful. 3. (Zoöl.) A genus of East Indian pheasants. The common species (A. giganteus) is remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail feathers of the male. The species A. Grayi inhabits Borneo.", "argyle": null, "argyles": null, "aria": "An air or song; a melody; a tune. Note: The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes.", - "ariadne": null, - "arianism": "The doctrines of the Arians.", "arias": "An air or song; a melody; a tune. Note: The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes.", "arid": "Exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; dry; barren. \"An arid waste.\" Thomson.", "aridity": "1. The state or quality of being arid or without moisture; dryness. 2. Fig.: Want of interest of feeling; insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual drought. Norris.", "aridly": null, - "ariel": "A variety of the gazelle (Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas), found in Arabia and adjacent countries. (b) A squirrel-like Australian marsupial, a species of Petaurus. (c) A beautiful Brazilian toucan Ramphastos ariel).", - "aries": "1. (Astron.) (a) The Ram; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox, about the 21st of March. (b) A constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a ram. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) A battering-ram.", - "arieses": null, "aright": "Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to worship God aright.", - "ariosto": null, "arise": "1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning. 2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the king shall arise. There arose up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph. Ex. i. 8. The doubts that in his heart arose. Milton. 3. To proceed; to issue; to spring. Whence haply mention may arise Of something not unseasonable to ask. Milton.\n\nRising. [Obs.] Drayton.", "arisen": null, "arises": "1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning. 2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the king shall arise. There arose up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph. Ex. i. 8. The doubts that in his heart arose. Milton. 3. To proceed; to issue; to spring. Whence haply mention may arise Of something not unseasonable to ask. Milton.\n\nRising. [Obs.] Drayton.", "arising": null, - "aristarchus": null, - "aristides": null, "aristocracies": null, "aristocracy": "1. Government by the best citizens. 2. A ruling body composed of the best citizens. [Obs.] In the Senate Right not our quest in this, I will protest them To all the world, no aristocracy. B. Jonson. 3. A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy. The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems approach. Swift. 4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or intellect.", "aristocrat": "1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble. 2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person. A born aristocrat, bred radical. Mrs. Browning. 3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern. His whole family are accused of being aristocrats. Romilly.", "aristocratic": "1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men; as, an aristocratic constitution. 2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners. -- Ar`is*to*crat\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Ar`is*to*crat\"ic*al*ness, n.", "aristocratically": null, "aristocrats": "1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble. 2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person. A born aristocrat, bred radical. Mrs. Browning. 3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern. His whole family are accused of being aristocrats. Romilly.", - "aristophanes": null, - "aristotelian": "Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher (384-322 b. c.). -- n. A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See Peripatetic.", - "aristotle": null, "arithmetic": "1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures. 2. A book containing the principles of this science. Arithmetic of sines, trigonometry. -- Political arithmetic, the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science. -- Universal arithmetic, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra.", "arithmetical": "Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm. See Logarithm. -- Arithmetical mean. See Mean. -- Arithmetical progression. See Progression. -- Arithmetical proportion. See Proportion.", "arithmetically": "Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic.", "arithmetician": "One skilled in arithmetic.", "arithmeticians": "One skilled in arithmetic.", - "arius": null, - "ariz": null, - "arizona": null, - "arizonan": null, - "arizonans": null, - "arizonian": null, - "arizonians": null, - "arjuna": null, "ark": "1. A chest, or coffer. [Obs.] Bearing that precious relic in an ark. Spenser. 2. (Jewish Hist.) The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the Covenant. 3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi. Hence: Any place of refuge. 4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market.", - "arkansan": null, - "arkansans": null, - "arkansas": null, - "arkhangelsk": null, "arks": "1. A chest, or coffer. [Obs.] Bearing that precious relic in an ark. Spenser. 2. (Jewish Hist.) The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the Covenant. 3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi. Hence: Any place of refuge. 4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market.", - "arkwright": null, - "arlene": null, - "arline": null, - "arlington": null, "arm": "1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey. 2. Anything resembling an arm; as, (a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear. (b) A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c) A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard. (e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f) An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc. 3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as, the secular arm; the arm of the law. To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed Isa. lii. 1. Arm's end, the end of the arm; a good distance off. Dryden. -- Arm's length, the length of the arm. -- Arm's reach, reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach. -- To go (or walk) arm in arm, to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of another. \"When arm in armwe went along.\" Tennyson. -- To keep at arm's length, to keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar intercourse. -- To work at arm's length, to work disadvantageously.\n\n(a) A branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm was made efficient. (b) A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the pl.\n\n1. To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.] And make him with our pikes and partisans A grave: come, arm him. Shak. Arm your prize; I know you will not lose him. Two N. Kins. 2. To furnish with arms or limbs. [R.] His shoulders broad and strong, Armed long and round. Beau. & Fl. 3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the country. Abram . . . armed his trained servants. Gen. xiv. 14. 4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling. 5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense. Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind. 1 Pet. iv. 1. To arm a magnet, to fit it with an armature.\n\nTo provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms. \" 'Tis time to arm.\" Shak.", "armada": "A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, a. d. 1558.", "armadas": "A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, a. d. 1558.", "armadillo": "(a) Any edentate animal if the family Dasypidæ, peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See Peba, Poyou, Tatouay. (b) A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.", "armadillos": "(a) Any edentate animal if the family Dasypidæ, peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See Peba, Poyou, Tatouay. (b) A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.", - "armageddon": null, - "armageddons": null, - "armagnac": null, "armament": "1. A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. \"The whole united armament of Greece.\" Glover. 2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification. 3. Any equipment for resistance.", "armaments": "1. A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. \"The whole united armament of Greece.\" Glover. 2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification. 3. Any equipment for resistance.", - "armand": null, - "armando": null, - "armani": null, "armature": "1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants. 2. (Magnetism) A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force. 3. (Arch.) Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc. Oxf. Gloss.", "armatures": "1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants. 2. (Magnetism) A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force. 3. (Arch.) Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc. Oxf. Gloss.", "armband": null, @@ -3812,23 +3209,18 @@ "armchair": "A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms. Tennyson.", "armchairs": "A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms. Tennyson.", "armed": "1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security or protection. \"And armed host.\" Dryden. 2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency. A distemper eminently armed from heaven. De Foe. 3. (Her.) Having horns, beak, talons, etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey. Armed at all points (Blazoning), completely incased in armor, sometimes described as armed cap-à-pie. Cussans. -- Armed en flute. (Naut.) See under Flute. -- Armed magnet, a magnet provided with an armature. -- Armed neutrality. See under Neutrality.", - "armenia": null, - "armenian": "Of or pertaining to Armenia. Armenian bole, a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. -- Armenian stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b) Emery.\n\n1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic.", - "armenians": "Of or pertaining to Armenia. Armenian bole, a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. -- Armenian stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b) Emery.\n\n1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic.", "armful": "As much as the arm can hold.", "armfuls": "As much as the arm can hold.", "armhole": "1. The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit. Bacon. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment.", "armholes": "1. The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit. Bacon. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment.", "armies": null, "arming": "1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms. The arming was now universal. Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom. Totten. 3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays. Arming press (Bookbinding), a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.", - "arminius": null, "armistice": "A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.", "armistices": "A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.", "armlet": "1. A small arm; as, an armlet of the sea. Johnson. 2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm. 3. Armor for the arm.", "armlets": "1. A small arm; as, an armlet of the sea. Johnson. 2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm. 3. Armor for the arm.", "armload": null, "armloads": null, - "armonk": null, "armor": "1. Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle. Note: In English statues, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every man should provide. 2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery. Coat armor, the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. -- Submarine, a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under Submarine.", "armored": "Clad with armor.", "armorer": "1. One who makes or repairs armor or arms. 2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and who dressed him in armor. Shak. 3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them, etc.", @@ -3838,19 +3230,12 @@ "armoring": null, "armors": "1. Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle. Note: In English statues, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every man should provide. 2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery. Coat armor, the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. -- Submarine, a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under Submarine.", "armory": "1. A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping. 2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms. Celestial armory, shields, helms, and spears. Milton. 3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords. [U.S.] 4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings. Spensplw. 5. That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat armor. The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, armory, which is but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient origin. Cussans.", - "armour": null, "armpit": "The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.", "armpits": "The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.", "armrest": null, "armrests": null, "arms": "1. Instruments or weapons of offense or defense. He lays down his arms, but not his wiles. Milton. Three horses and three goodly suits of arms. Tennyson. 2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science. \"Arms and the man I sing.\" Dryden. 3. (Law) Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an aggressive weapon. Cowell. Blackstone. 4. (Her.) The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son. 5. (Falconry) The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot. Halliwell. Bred to arms, educated to the profession of a soldier. -- In arms, armed for war; in a state of hostility. -- Small arms, portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc. -- A stand of arms, a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. -- To arms! a summons to war or battle. -- Under arms, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade. Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's reach. See under Arm.", - "armstrong": null, "army": "1. A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers. 2. A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army. 3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host. An army of good words. Shak. Standing army, a permanent army of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers.", - "arneb": null, - "arnhem": null, - "arno": null, - "arnold": null, - "arnulfo": null, "aroma": "1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee. 2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of genius.", "aromas": "1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee. 2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of genius.", "aromatherapist": null, @@ -3859,7 +3244,6 @@ "aromatic": "Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong- scented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam. Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. -- Aromatic vinegar. See under Vinegar.\n\nA plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.", "aromatically": null, "aromatics": "Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong- scented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam. Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. -- Aromatic vinegar. See under Vinegar.\n\nA plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.", - "aron": null, "arose": "The past or preterit tense of Arise.", "around": "1. In a circle; circularly; on every side; round. 2. In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around from town to town. 3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was standing around when the fight took place. [Colloq. U. S.] Note: See Round, the shorter form, adv. & prep., which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used.\n\n1. On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about. A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows. Dryden. 2. From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; as, to travel around the country; a house standing around the corner. [Colloq. U. S.]", "arousal": "The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused. Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and activity of our better nature. Hare.", @@ -3896,7 +3280,6 @@ "arrested": null, "arresting": "Striking; attracting attention; impressive. This most solemn and arresting occurrence. J. H. Newman.", "arrests": "1. To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses. Nor could her virtues the relentless hand Of Death arrest. Philips. 2. (Law) To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for a crime. Note: After his word Shakespeare uses of (\"I arrest thee of high treason\") or on; the modern usage is for. 3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or attention. Buckminster. 4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate. [Obs.] We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine mercies. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of.\n\nTo tarry; to rest. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development. As the arrest of the air showeth. Bacon. 2. (Law) The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant. William . . . ordered him to be put under arrest. Macaulay. [Our brother Norway] sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys. Shak. Note: An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property. 3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral. The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc., . . . were sad arrests to his troubled spirit. Jer. Taylor. 4. (Far.) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named rat-tails. White. Arrest of judgment (Law), the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.", - "arrhenius": null, "arrhythmia": null, "arrhythmic": "Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.", "arrhythmical": null, @@ -3914,7 +3297,6 @@ "arrogates": "To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over kings. He arrogated to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine. Macaulay.", "arrogating": null, "arrogation": "1. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to. Hall. 2. (Civ. Law) Adoption of a person of full age.", - "arron": null, "arrow": "A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow. Broad arrow. (a) An arrow with a broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead.", "arrowhead": "1. The head of an arrow. 2. (Bot.) An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, -- named from the shape of the leaves.", "arrowheads": "1. The head of an arrow. 2. (Bot.) An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, -- named from the shape of the leaves.", @@ -3931,8 +3313,6 @@ "arsonist": null, "arsonists": null, "art": "The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural are, with the ending -t, as in thou shalt, wilt, orig. an ending of the second person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or poetical style.\n\n1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes. Blest with each grace of nature and of art. Pope. 2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special work; -- often contradistinguished from science or speculative principles; as, the art of building or engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation. Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is knowledge made efficient by skill. J. F. Genung. 3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such knowledge or skill. The fishermen can't employ their art with so much success in so troubled a sea. Addison. 4. The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; as, he prefers art to literature. 5. pl. Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical course of colleges; as, master of arts. In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts. Pope. Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation. Goldsmith. 6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters. [Archaic] So vast is art, so narrow human wit. Pope. 7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has the art of managing his business to advantage. 8. Skillful plan; device. They employed every art to soothe . . . the discontented warriors. Macaulay. 9. Cunning; artifice; craft. Madam, I swear I use no art at all. Shak. Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors in strength. Crabb. 10 10 To black art; magic. [Obs.] Shak. Art and part (Scots Law), share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution; complicity. Note: The arts are divided into various classes. The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called trades. The fine arts are those which have primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. The liberal arts (artes liberales, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the arts; master and bachelor of arts. In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity. Irving. Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See Science.", - "artaxerxes": null, - "artemis": null, "arterial": "1. Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial action; the arterial system. 2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad. Arterial blood, blood which has been changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the lungs.", "arteries": null, "arteriole": "A small artery.", @@ -3951,8 +3331,6 @@ "arthroscopes": null, "arthroscopic": null, "arthroscopy": null, - "arthur": null, - "arthurian": "Of or pertaining to King Arthur or his knights. J. R. Symonds. In magnitude, in interest, and as a literary origin, the Arthurian invention dwarfs all other things in the book. Saintsbury.", "artichoke": "1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food. 2. See Jerusalem artichoke.", "artichokes": "1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food. 2. See Jerusalem artichoke.", "article": "1. A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; as, an article in the Constitution. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; as, articles of agreement. 2. A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia. 3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct. [Obs.] A very great revolution that happened in this article of good breeding. Addison. This last article will hardly be believed. De Foe. 4. A distinct part. \"Upon each article of human duty.\" Paley. \"Each article of time.\" Habington. The articles which compose the blood. E. Darwin. 5. A particular one of various things; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article. They would fight not for articles of faith, but for articles of food. Landor. 6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs. or Archaic] This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice. Evelyn. 7. (Gram.) One of the three words, a, an, the, used before nouns to limit or define their application. A (or an) is called the indefinite article, the the definite article. 8. (Zoöl.) One of the segments of an articulated appendage. Articles of Confederation, the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789. -- Articles of impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case. -- Articles of war, rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army. -- In the article of death Etym: [L. in articulo mortis], at the moment of death; in the dying struggle. -- Lords of the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. -- The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.\n\n1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars. If all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable. Jer. Taylor. 2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. He shall be articled against in the high court of admiralty. Stat. 33 Geo. III. 3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic.\n\nTo agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant. [R.] Then he articled with her that he should go away when he pleased. Selden.", @@ -3968,7 +3346,6 @@ "articulating": null, "articulation": "1. (Anat.) A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton. Note: Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc. 2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b) One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize. (c) One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc. Lindley. 3. The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint. 4. The state of being jointed; connection of parts. [R.] That definiteness and articulation of imagery. Coleridge. 5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; as, a distinct articulation. 6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.", "articulations": "1. (Anat.) A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton. Note: Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc. 2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b) One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize. (c) One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc. Lindley. 3. The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint. 4. The state of being jointed; connection of parts. [R.] That definiteness and articulation of imagery. Coleridge. 5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; as, a distinct articulation. 6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.", - "artie": null, "artier": null, "artiest": null, "artifact": "1. (Archæol.) A product of human workmanship; -- applied esp. to the simpler products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects. 2. (Biol.) A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death or the use of reagents and not present during life.", @@ -4000,21 +3377,15 @@ "artsier": null, "artsiest": null, "artsy": null, - "arturo": null, "artwork": null, "artworks": null, "arty": null, - "aruba": null, "arugula": null, "arum": "A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an example. Our common arums the lords and ladies of village children. Lubbock. Note: The American \"Jack in the pulpit\" is now separated from the genus Arum.", "arums": "A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an example. Our common arums the lords and ladies of village children. Lubbock. Note: The American \"Jack in the pulpit\" is now separated from the genus Arum.", - "aryan": "1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo 2. The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.]\n\nOf or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages.", - "aryans": "1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo 2. The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.]\n\nOf or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages.", "as": "1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden. His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren. Macaulay. Note: As is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words such, same, so, or as, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us such things as you please, and so long as you please, or as long as you please; he is not so brave as Cato; she is as amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly as possible. \"Bees appear fortunately to prefer the same colors as we do.\" Lubbock. As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has such or so to answer correlatively to it; as with the people, so with the priest. 2. In the idea, character, or condition of, -- limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as, virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear as Hamlet. The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man merely as a king. Dewey. 3. While; during or at the same time that; when; as, he trembled as he spoke. As I return I will fetch off these justices. Shak. 4. Because; since; it being the case that. As the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared. Sir W. Scott. [See Synonym under Because.] 5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching though in meaning). We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited. Macaulay. 6. That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives so and such. [Obs.] I can place thee in such abject state, as help shall never find thee. Rowe. So as, so that. [Obs.] The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination. Bacon. 7. As if; as though. [Obs. or Poetic] He lies, as he his bliss did know. Waller. 8. For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations. 9. Than. [Obs. & R.] The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors. Fuller. 10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.] \"As have,\" i. e., may he have. Chaucer. As . . . as. See So . . . as, under So. -- As far as, to the extent or degree. \"As far as can be ascertained.\" Macaulay. -- As far forth as, as far as. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As for, or As to, in regard to; with respect to. -- As good as, not less than; not falling short of. -- As good as one's word, faithful to a promise. -- As if, or As though, of the same kind, or in the same condition or manner, that it would be if. -- As it were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner. -- As now, just now. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As swythe, as quickly as possible. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As well, also; too; besides. Addison. -- As well as, equally with, no less than. \"I have understanding as well as you.\" Job xii. 3. -- As yet, until now; up to or at the present time; still; now.\n\nAn ace. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ambes-as, double aces.\n\n1. A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces. 2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce.", - "asama": null, "asap": null, "asbestos": "A variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a similar variety of serpentine. Note: The finer varieties have been wrought into gloves and cloth which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's clothes. Asbestus in also employed in the manufacture of iron safes, for fireproof roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties are called amianthus. Dana.", - "ascella": null, "ascend": "1. To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to Ant: descend. Higher yet that star ascends. Bowring. I ascend unto my father and your father. John xx. 17. Note: Formerly used with up. The smoke of it ascended up to heaven. Addison. 2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more acute, etc.; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity; to ascend to our first progenitor. Syn. -- To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.\n\nTo go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; as, to ascend a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a throne.", "ascendance": "Same as Ascendency.", "ascendancy": "Same as Ascendency.", @@ -4037,8 +3408,6 @@ "ascetically": null, "asceticism": "The condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.", "ascetics": "Extremely rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe. The stern ascetic rigor of the Temple discipline. Sir W. Scott.\n\nIn the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things. I am far from commending those ascetics that take up their quarters in deserts. Norris. Ascetic theology, the science which treats of the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the counsels of perfection. Am. Cyc.", - "ascii": "Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun.", - "asciis": "Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun.", "ascot": null, "ascots": null, "ascribable": "Capable of being ascribed; attributable.", @@ -4052,47 +3421,27 @@ "asexual": "Having no distinct; without sexual action; as, asexual reproduction. See Fission and Gemmation.", "asexuality": null, "asexually": "In an asexual manner; without sexual agency.", - "asgard": null, "ash": "1. (Bot.) A genus of trees of the Olive family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the white ash (F. Americana). Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum Americanum) and Poison ash (Rhus venenata) are shrubs of different families, somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage. -- Mountain ash. See Roman tree, and under Mountain. 2. The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree. Note: Ash is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound term; as, ash bud, ash wood, ash tree, etc.\n\nsing. of Ashes. Note: Ash is rarely used in the singular except in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda ash, coal which yields a red ash, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, ash bin, ash heap, ash hole, ash pan, ash pit, ash-grey, ash-colored, pearlash, potash. Bone ash, burnt powered; bone earth. -- Volcanic ash. See under Ashes.\n\nTo strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howell.", "ashamed": "Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety. \"I am ashamed to beg.\" Wyclif. All that forsake thee shall be ashamed. Jer. xvii. 13. I began to be ashamed of sitting idle. Johnson. Enough to make us ashamed of our species. Macaulay. An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those present. Darwin. Note: Ashamed seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean disappointed, or defeated.", "ashamedly": "Bashfully. [R.]", - "ashanti": null, "ashcan": null, "ashcans": null, - "ashcroft": null, - "ashe": null, "ashed": null, "ashen": "Of or pertaining to the ash tree. \"Ashen poles.\" Dryden.\n\nConsisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and gray. The ashen hue of age. Sir W. Scott.\n\nobs. pl. for Ashes. Chaucer.", "ashes": "1. The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal. 2. Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when \"returned to dust\" by natural decay. Their martyred blood and ashes sow. Milton. The coffins were broken open. The ashes were scattered to the winds. Macaulay. 3. The color of ashes; deathlike paleness. The lip of ashes, and the cheek of flame. Byron. In dust and ashes, In sackcloth and ashes, with humble expression of grief or repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands. -- Volcanic ashes, or Volcanic ash, the loose, earthy matter, or small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.", - "asheville": null, - "ashgabat": null, "ashier": null, "ashiest": null, - "ashikaga": null, "ashing": null, - "ashkenazim": null, - "ashkhabad": null, "ashlar": "1. (Masonry) (a) Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone. Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common ashlar. Knight. (b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. Knight.", "ashlars": "1. (Masonry) (a) Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone. Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common ashlar. Knight. (b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. Knight.", - "ashlee": null, - "ashley": null, - "ashmolean": null, "ashore": "On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes opposed to aboard or afloat. Here shall I die ashore. Shak. I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Shak.", "ashram": null, "ashrams": null, "ashtray": null, "ashtrays": null, - "ashurbanipal": null, "ashy": "1. Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed with, ashes. 2. Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale. Shak. Ashy pale, pale as ashes. Shak.", - "asia": null, - "asiago": null, - "asian": "Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. \"Asian princes.\" Jer. Taylor. -- n. An Asiatic.", - "asians": "Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. \"Asian princes.\" Jer. Taylor. -- n. An Asiatic.", - "asiatic": "Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native, or one of the people, of Asia.", - "asiatics": "Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native, or one of the people, of Asia.", "aside": "1. On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart. Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4. But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Shak. The flames were blown aside. Dryden. 2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put aside gloomy thoughts. \"Lay aside every weight.\" Heb. xii. 1. 3. So as to be heard by others; privately. Then lords and ladies spake aside. Sir W. Scott. To set aside (Law), to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment.\n\nSomething spoken aside; as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players are not supposed to hear.", "asides": "1. On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart. Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4. But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Shak. The flames were blown aside. Dryden. 2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put aside gloomy thoughts. \"Lay aside every weight.\" Heb. xii. 1. 3. So as to be heard by others; privately. Then lords and ladies spake aside. Sir W. Scott. To set aside (Law), to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment.\n\nSomething spoken aside; as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players are not supposed to hear.", - "asimov": null, "asinine": "Of or belonging to, or having the qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy. \"Asinine nature.\" B. Jonson. \"Asinine feast.\" Milton.", "asininely": null, "asininities": null, @@ -4103,22 +3452,16 @@ "askew": "Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or obliquely; -- sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or entry. Spenser.", "asking": "1. The act of inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation. Longfellow. 2. The publishing of banns.", "asks": "1. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; - - often with of, in the sense of from, before the person addressed. Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God. Judg. xviii. 5. If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you. John xv. 7. 2. To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price do you ask Ask me never so much dowry. Gen. xxxiv. 12. To whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more. Luke xii. 48. An exigence of state asks a much longer time to conduct a design to maturity. Addison. 3. To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to or about; to question. He is of age; ask him: he shall speak for himself. John ix. 21. He asked the way to Chester. Shak. 4. To invite; as, to ask one to an entertainment. 5. To publish in church for marriage; -- said of both the banns and the persons. Fuller. Syn. -- To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat; beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit; inquire; interrogate. See Beg.\n\n1. To request or petition; -- usually folllowed by for; as, to ask for bread. Ask, and it shall be given you. Matt. vii. 7. 2. To make inquiry, or seek by request; -- sometimes followed by after. Wherefore . . . dost ask after my name Gen. xxxii. 29.\n\nA water newt. [Scot. & North of Eng.]", - "asl": null, "aslant": "Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely. [The shaft] drove through his neck aslant. Dryden.\n\nIn a slanting direction over; athwart. There is a willow grows aslant a brook. Shak.", "asleep": "1. In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant. Fast asleep the giant lay supine. Dryden. By whispering winds soon lulled asleep. Milton. 2. In the sleep of the grave; dead. Concerning them which are asleep . . . sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. 1 Thess. iv. 13. 3. Numbed, and, usually, tingling. Udall. Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it, asleep. Bacon.", - "asmara": null, "asocial": null, - "asoka": null, "asp": "Same as Aspen. \"Trembling poplar or asp.\" Martyn.\n\nA small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to Vipera aspis of southern Europe. See Haje.\n\nOne of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.", "asparagus": "1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order Liliaceæ, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. Asparagus racemosus is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers. Specifically: The Asparagus officinalis, a species cultivated in gardens. 2. The young and tender shoots of A. officinalis, which form a valuable and well-known article of food. Note: This word was formerly pronounced sparrowgrass; but this pronunciation is now confined exclusively to uneducated people. Asparagus beetle (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Crioceris asparagi) injurious to asparagus.", "aspartame": null, - "aspca": null, "aspect": "1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance. [R.] \"The basilisk killeth by aspect.\" Bacon. His aspect was bent on the ground. Sir W. Scott. 2. Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air. \"Serious in aspect.\" Dryden. [Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head. Pope. 3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view. \"The aspect of affairs.\" Macaulay. The true aspect of a world lying in its rubbish. T. Burnet. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass; as, a house has a southern aspect, that is, a position which faces the south. 5. Prospect; outlook. [Obs.] This town affords a good aspect toward the hill from whence we descended. Evelyn. 6. (Astrol.) The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the earth. Milton. Note: The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile, 7. (Astrol.) The influence of the stars for good or evil; as, an ill aspect. Shak. The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil aspects. Bacon. Aspect of a plane (Geom.), the direction of the plane.\n\nTo behold; to look at. [Obs.]", "aspects": "1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance. [R.] \"The basilisk killeth by aspect.\" Bacon. His aspect was bent on the ground. Sir W. Scott. 2. Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air. \"Serious in aspect.\" Dryden. [Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head. Pope. 3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view. \"The aspect of affairs.\" Macaulay. The true aspect of a world lying in its rubbish. T. Burnet. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass; as, a house has a southern aspect, that is, a position which faces the south. 5. Prospect; outlook. [Obs.] This town affords a good aspect toward the hill from whence we descended. Evelyn. 6. (Astrol.) The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the earth. Milton. Note: The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile, 7. (Astrol.) The influence of the stars for good or evil; as, an ill aspect. Shak. The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil aspects. Bacon. Aspect of a plane (Geom.), the direction of the plane.\n\nTo behold; to look at. [Obs.]", - "aspell": null, "aspen": "One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.\n\nOf or pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood. Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze. Gay.", "aspens": "One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.\n\nOf or pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood. Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze. Gay.", - "asperger": null, "asperities": null, "asperity": "1. Roughness of surface; unevenness; -- opposed to smoothness. \"The asperities of dry bodies.\" Boyle. 2. Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality which grates upon the ear; raucity. 3. Roughness to the taste; sourness; tartness. 4. Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity; crabbedness; harshness; -- opposed to mildness. \"Asperity of character.\" Landor. It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson. 5. Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty. The acclivities and asperities of duty. Barrow. Syn. -- Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness; sourness; tartness. See Acrimony.", "aspersion": "1. A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense. Behold an immersion, not and aspersion. Jer. Taylor. 2. The spreading of calumniations reports or charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water; calumny. Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale aspersions on the entire body of professional teachers. Grote. Who would by base aspersions blot thy virtue. Dryden.", @@ -4138,7 +3481,6 @@ "asphyxiations": "The act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.", "aspic": "1. The venomous asp. [Chiefly poetic] Shak. Tennyson. 2. A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot. [Obs.]\n\nA European species of lavender (Lavandula spica), which produces a volatile oil. See Spike.\n\nA savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs, etc. Thackeray.", "aspics": "1. The venomous asp. [Chiefly poetic] Shak. Tennyson. 2. A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot. [Obs.]\n\nA European species of lavender (Lavandula spica), which produces a volatile oil. See Spike.\n\nA savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs, etc. Thackeray.", - "aspidiske": null, "aspidistra": null, "aspidistras": null, "aspirant": "Aspiring.\n\nOne who aspires; one who eagerly seeks some high position or object of attainment. In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness was left clear to a new set of aspirants. Macaulay.", @@ -4158,9 +3500,7 @@ "aspiring": "That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind. -- As*pir\"ing*ly, adv. -- As*pir\"ing*ness, n.", "aspirins": "A white crystalline compound of acetyl and salicylic acid used as a drug for the salicylic acid liberated from it in the intestines.", "asps": "Same as Aspen. \"Trembling poplar or asp.\" Martyn.\n\nA small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to Vipera aspis of southern Europe. See Haje.\n\nOne of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.", - "asquith": null, "ass": "1. (Zoöl.) A quadruped of the genus Equus (E. asinus), smaller than the horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild asses which are swift-footed. 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt. Shak. Asses' Bridge. Etym: [L. pons asinorum.] The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid, \"The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to one another.\" [Sportive] \"A schoolboy, stammering out his Asses' Bridge.\" F. Harrison. -- To make an ass of one's self, to do or say something very foolish or absurd.", - "assad": null, "assail": "1. To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; as, to assail a man with blows; to assail a city with artillery. No rude noise mine ears assailing. Cowper. No storm can now assail The charm he wears within. Keble. 2. To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like. The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce assail. Pope. 3. To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; as, to assail one with appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like. The papal authority . . . assailed. Hallam. They assailed him with keen invective; they assailed him with still keener irony. Macaulay. Syn. -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See Attack.", "assailable": "Capable of being assailed.", "assailant": "Assailing; attacking. Milton.\n\nOne who, or that which, assails, attacks, or assaults; an assailer. An assailant of the church. Macaulay.", @@ -4168,8 +3508,6 @@ "assailed": null, "assailing": null, "assails": "1. To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; as, to assail a man with blows; to assail a city with artillery. No rude noise mine ears assailing. Cowper. No storm can now assail The charm he wears within. Keble. 2. To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like. The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce assail. Pope. 3. To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; as, to assail one with appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like. The papal authority . . . assailed. Hallam. They assailed him with keen invective; they assailed him with still keener irony. Macaulay. Syn. -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See Attack.", - "assam": null, - "assamese": "Of or pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Assam.", "assassin": "One who kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense.\n\nTo assassinate. [Obs.] Stillingfleet.", "assassinate": "1. To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous violence. Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am ravished, and like to be assassinated. Dryden. 2. To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly. [Archaic] Your rhymes assassinate our fame. Dryden. Such usage as your honorable lords Afford me, assassinated and betrayed. Milton. Syn. -- To kill; murder; slay. See Kill.\n\n1. An assassination, murder, or murderous assault. [Obs.] If I had made an assassinate upon your father. B. Jonson. 2. An assassin. [Obs.] Dryden.", "assassinated": null, @@ -4257,7 +3595,6 @@ "assimilates": "1. To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between. Sir M. Hale. To assimilate our law to the law of Scotland. John Bright. Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes Assimilate all objects. Cowper. 2. To liken; to compa [R.] 3. To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; as, food is assimilated and converted into organic tissue. Hence also animals and vegetables may assimilate their nourishment. Sir I. Newton. His mind had no power to assimilate the lessons. Merivale.\n\n1. To become similar or like something else. [R.] 2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body. Aliment easily assimilated or turned into blood. Arbuthnot. 3. To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more readily than others. I am a foreign material, and cannot assimilate with the church of England. J. H. Newman.", "assimilating": null, "assimilation": "1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to another. To aspire to an assimilation with God. Dr. H. More. The assimilation of gases and vapors. Sir J. Herschel. 2. (Physiol.) The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or animals. Not conversing the body, not repairing it by assimilation, but preserving it by ventilation. Sir T. Browne. Note: The term assimilation has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs.", - "assisi": null, "assist": "To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress; to help; to aid; to succor. Assist me, knight. I am undone! Shak. Syn. -- To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See Help.\n\n1. To lend aid; to help. With God not parted from him, as was feared, But favoring and assisting to the end. Milton. 2. To be present as a spectator; as, to assist at a public meeting. [A Gallicism] Gibbon. Prescott.", "assistance": "1. The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support. Without the assistance of a mortal hand. Shak. 2. An assistant or helper; a body of helpers. [Obs.] Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London, and his assistance, . . . John Cavendish. Fuller. 3. Persons present. [Obs. or a Gallicism]", "assistant": "1. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary. Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly assistant to each other. Beattie. 2. (Mil.) Of the second grade in the staff of the army; as, an assistant surgeon. [U.S.] Note: In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff. Farrow.\n\n1. One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means of help. Four assistants who his labor share. Pope. Rhymes merely as assistants to memory. Mrs. Chapone. 2. An attendant; one who is present. Dryden.", @@ -4309,12 +3646,6 @@ "assureds": "Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess.\n\nOne whose life or property is insured.", "assures": "1. To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . . Assures me that the bitterness of death Is past, and we shall live. Milton. 2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence. I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus. Shak. 3. To confirm; to make certain or secure. And it shall be assured to him. Lev. xxvii. 19. And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our hearts before him. 1 John iii. 19. 4. To affiance; to betroth. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Law) To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See Insure. Syn. -- To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest; persuade; convince.", "assuring": "That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence. -- As*sur\"ing*ly, adv.", - "assyria": null, - "assyrian": "Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria.", - "assyrians": "Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria.", - "astaire": null, - "astana": null, - "astarte": "A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe.", "astatine": null, "aster": "1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort; Michaelmas daisy. 2. (Floriculture) A plant of the genus Callistephus. Many varieties (called China asters, German asters, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome compound flowers.", "asterisk": "The figure of a star, thus,", @@ -4333,15 +3664,12 @@ "astigmatism": "A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision. Note: The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen.", "astigmatisms": "A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision. Note: The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen.", "astir": "Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed.", - "aston": "To stun; to astonish; to stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "astonish": "1. To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow. [Obs.] Enough, captain; you have astonished him. [Fluellen had struck Pistol]. Shak. The very cramp-fish [i. e., torpedo] . . . being herself not benumbed, is able to astonish others. Holland. 2. To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some sudden emotion or passion. Musidorus . . . had his wits astonished with sorrow. Sidney. I, Daniel . . . was astonished at the vision. Dan. viii. 27. Syn. -- To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise. -- Astonished, Surprised. We are surprised at what is unexpected. We are astonished at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are taken by surprise. We are struck with astonishment. C. J. Smith. See Amaze.", "astonished": null, "astonishes": null, "astonishing": "Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; as, an astonishing event. Syn. -- Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous. As*ton\"ish*ing*ly, adv. -- As*ton\"ish*ing*ness, n.", "astonishingly": null, "astonishment": "1. The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense. [Obs.] A coldness and astonishment in his loins, as folk say. Holland. 2. Dismay; consternation. [Archaic] Spenser. 3. The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of surprise; amazement. Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton. 4. The object causing such an emotion. Thou shalt become an astonishment. Deut. xxviii. 37. Syn. -- Amazement; wonder; surprise.", - "astor": null, - "astoria": null, "astound": "Stunned; astounded; astonished. [Archaic] Spenser. Thus Ellen, dizzy and astound. As sudden ruin yawned around. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To stun; to stupefy. No puissant stroke his senses once astound. Fairfax. 2. To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder, surprise, or fear. These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The virtuous mind. Milton.", "astounded": null, "astounding": "Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; as, an astounding force, statement, or fact. -- As*tound\"ing*ly, adv.", @@ -4380,16 +3708,12 @@ "astrophysicist": null, "astrophysicists": null, "astrophysics": "The science treating of the physical characteristics of the stars and other heavenly bodies, their chemical constitution, light, heat, atmospheres, etc. Its observations are made with the spectroscope, bolometer, etc., usually in connection with the telescope.", - "astroturf": null, - "asturias": null, "astute": "Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty. Syn. -- Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty. As*tute\"ly, adv. -- As*tute\"ness, n.", "astutely": null, "astuteness": null, "astuter": null, "astutest": null, - "asuncion": null, "asunder": "Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in different pieces or places. I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder. Zech. xi. 10. As wide asunder as pole and pole. Froude.", - "aswan": null, "asylum": "1. A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege. So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an asylum or sanctuary. Ayliffe. Note: The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense. 2. Any place of retreat and security. Earth has no other asylum for them than its own cold bosom. Southey. 3. An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; as, an asylum for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan asylum.", "asylums": "1. A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege. So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an asylum or sanctuary. Ayliffe. Note: The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense. 2. Any place of retreat and security. Earth has no other asylum for them than its own cold bosom. Southey. 3. An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; as, an asylum for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan asylum.", "asymmetric": "1. Incommensurable. [Obs.] 2. Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally symmetrical. Huxley.", @@ -4403,12 +3727,6 @@ "asynchronous": "Not simultaneous; not concurrent in time; --opposed to synchronous.", "asynchronously": null, "at": "Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence, nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. It expresses: - 1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea and on land. 2. The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at disadvantage. 3. The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except at puns. 4. The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 80º; goods sold at a cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short at the longest. 5. The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at twenty-one; at once; at first. 6. The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure at your hands. 7. Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh at any one. At all, At home, At large, At last, At length, At once, etc. See under All, Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.), Length, Once, etc. -- At it, busily or actively engaged. -- At least. See Least and However. -- At one. See At one, in the Vocabulary. Syn. -- In, At. When reference to the interior of any place is made prominent in is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live in America, in New York, in the South. At is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated at Christ's College; money taken in at the Customhouse; I saw him at the jeweler's; we live at Beachville. At may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. \"An English king was crowned at Paris.\" Macaulay. \"Jean Jacques Rousseau was born at Geneva, June, 28, 1712.\" J. Morley. In regard to time, we say at the hour, on the day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock, on the morning of July 5th, in the year 1775.", - "atacama": null, - "atahualpa": null, - "atalanta": null, - "atari": null, - "atascadero": null, - "ataturk": null, "atavism": "(a) The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form. (b) (Biol.) The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a generation or two. Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call atavism, or reversion to an ancestral type of character. J. Fiske", "atavist": null, "atavistic": null, @@ -4419,19 +3737,10 @@ "ate": "the preterit of Eat.\n\nThe goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance.", "atelier": "A workshop; a studio.", "ateliers": "A workshop; a studio.", - "athabasca": null, - "athabaskan": null, - "athabaskans": null, - "athanasius": null, "atheism": "1. The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. Atheism is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness. R. Hall. Atheism and pantheism are often wrongly confounded. Shipley. 2. Godlessness.", "atheist": "1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. 2. A godless person. [Obs.] Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever. Note: See Infidel.", "atheistic": "1. Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; -- applied to things; as, atheistic doctrines, opinions, or books. Atheistical explications of natural effects. Barrow. 2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; -- applied to persons; as, an atheistic writer. -- A`the*is\"tic*al*ly, adv. -- A`the*is\"tic*al*ness, n.", "atheists": "1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. 2. A godless person. [Obs.] Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever. Note: See Infidel.", - "athena": null, - "athene": null, - "athenian": "Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. -- n. A native or citizen of Athens.", - "athenians": "Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. -- n. A native or citizen of Athens.", - "athens": null, "atherosclerosis": null, "atherosclerotic": null, "athirst": "1. Wanting drink; thirsty. 2. Having a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing. \"Athirst for battle.\" Cowper.", @@ -4444,16 +3753,8 @@ "athwart": "1. Across; from side to side of. Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson. 2. (Naut.) Across the direction or course of; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. Athwart hawse, across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance. -- Athwart ships, across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; -- opposed to fore and aft.\n\n1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely. Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him straight. Spenser. 2. Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely. All athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news. Shak.", "atilt": "1. In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust. \"To run atilt at men.\" Hudibras. 2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. Note: [In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.] Abroach, atilt, and run Even to the lees of honor. Beau. & Fl.", "atishoo": null, - "atkins": null, - "atkinson": null, - "atlanta": "A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid ocean. See Heteropod.", - "atlantes": "Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an entablature; -- called also telamones. See Caryatides. Oxf. Gloss.", - "atlantic": "1. Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west; as, the Atlantic Ocean (called also the Atlantic); the Atlantic basin; the Atlantic telegraph. 2. Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis. 3. Descended from Atlas. The seven Atlantic sisters. Milton.", - "atlantis": null, "atlas": "1. One who sustains a great burden. 2. (Anat.) The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name. 3. A collection of maps in a volume; -- Note: supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century. Note: 4. A volume of plates illustrating any subject. 5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; as, an historical atlas. 6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; -- called also atlas folio. 7. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. Atlas powder, a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power.\n\nA rich kind of satin manufactured in India. Brande & C.", "atlases": null, - "atm": null, - "atman": "(a) The life principle, soul, or individual essence. (b) The universal ego from whom all individual atmans arise. This sense is a European excrescence on the East Indian thought.", "atmosphere": "1. (Physics) (a) The whole mass of aëriform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars. (b) Any gaseous envelope or medium. An atmosphere of cold oxygen. Miller. 2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies. Franklin. 3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch. Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. Lubbock. 4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition. The chillest of social atmospheres. Hawthorne. 5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere.", "atmospheres": "1. (Physics) (a) The whole mass of aëriform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars. (b) Any gaseous envelope or medium. An atmosphere of cold oxygen. Miller. 2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies. Franklin. 3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch. Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. Lubbock. 4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition. The chillest of social atmospheres. Hawthorne. 5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere.", "atmospheric": "1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth. 2. Existing in the atmosphere. The lower atmospheric current. Darwin. 3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine. 4. Dependent on the atmosphere. [R.] In am so atmospherical a creature. Pope. Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder. Tomlinson. -- Atmospheric line (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded \"down to the atmosphere\" when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator card.) -- Atmospheric pressure, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch. -- Atmospheric railway, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force. -- Atmospheric tides. See under Tide.", @@ -4480,8 +3781,6 @@ "atones": "Etym: [See At one.] [Obs.] Down he fell atones as a stone. Chaucer.", "atoning": null, "atop": "On or at the top. Milton.", - "atp": null, - "atreus": null, "atria": null, "atrial": "Of or pertaining to an atrium.", "atrioventricular": null, @@ -4496,8 +3795,6 @@ "atrophy": "A wasting away from want of nourishment; diminution in bulk or slow emaciation of the body or of any part. Milton.\n\nTo cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.\n\nTo waste away; to dwindle.", "atrophying": null, "atropine": "A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine.", - "atropos": null, - "ats": "Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence, nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. It expresses: - 1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea and on land. 2. The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at disadvantage. 3. The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except at puns. 4. The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 80º; goods sold at a cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short at the longest. 5. The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at twenty-one; at once; at first. 6. The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure at your hands. 7. Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh at any one. At all, At home, At large, At last, At length, At once, etc. See under All, Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.), Length, Once, etc. -- At it, busily or actively engaged. -- At least. See Least and However. -- At one. See At one, in the Vocabulary. Syn. -- In, At. When reference to the interior of any place is made prominent in is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live in America, in New York, in the South. At is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated at Christ's College; money taken in at the Customhouse; I saw him at the jeweler's; we live at Beachville. At may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. \"An English king was crowned at Paris.\" Macaulay. \"Jean Jacques Rousseau was born at Geneva, June, 28, 1712.\" J. Morley. In regard to time, we say at the hour, on the day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock, on the morning of July 5th, in the year 1775.", "attach": "1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like. The shoulder blade is . . . attached only to the muscles. Paley. A huge stone to which the cable was attached. Macaulay. 2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company, or ship. 3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or self-interest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; -- with to; as, attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery. Incapable of attaching a sensible man. Miss Austen. God . . . by various ties attaches man to man. Cowper. 4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; -- with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular circumstance. Top this treasure a curse is attached. Bayard Taylor. 5. To take, seize, or lay hold of. [Obs.] Shak. 6. To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; -- applied to a taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4. The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high treason. Miss Yonge. Attached column (Arch.), a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it. Syn. -- To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate.\n\n1. To adhere; to be attached. The great interest which attaches to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted. Brougham. 2. To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; as, dower will attach. Cooley.\n\nAn attachment. [Obs.] Pope.", "attachable": "Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept.", "attache": "One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy.", @@ -4555,9 +3852,7 @@ "attesting": null, "attests": "1. To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record. Facts . . . attested by particular pagan authors. Addison. 2. To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence. 3. To call to witness; to invoke. [Archaic] The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths, and fears to violate. Dryden.\n\nWitness; testimony; attestation. [R.] The attest of eyes and ears. Shak.", "attic": "Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined. Attic base (Arch.), a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and \"Roman Doric\" orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance. -- Attic faith, inviolable faith. -- Attic purity, special purity of language. -- Attic salt, Attic wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians. -- Attic story. See Attic, n. -- Attic style, a style pure and elegant.\n\n1. (Arch.) (a) A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence: (b) A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof. 2. An Athenian; an Athenian author.", - "attica": null, "attics": "Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined. Attic base (Arch.), a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and \"Roman Doric\" orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance. -- Attic faith, inviolable faith. -- Attic purity, special purity of language. -- Attic salt, Attic wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians. -- Attic story. See Attic, n. -- Attic style, a style pure and elegant.\n\n1. (Arch.) (a) A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence: (b) A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof. 2. An Athenian; an Athenian author.", - "attila": null, "attire": "To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments. Finely attired in a robe of white. Shak. With the linen miter shall he be attired. Lev. xvi. 4.\n\n1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental clothing. Earth in her rich attire. Milton. I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire. Shak. Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire Jer. ii. 32. 2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck. 3. (Bot.) The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla. [Obs.] Johnson.", "attired": "Provided with antlers, as a stag.", "attires": "To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments. Finely attired in a robe of white. Shak. With the linen miter shall he be attired. Lev. xvi. 4.\n\n1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental clothing. Earth in her rich attire. Milton. I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire. Shak. Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire Jer. ii. 32. 2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck. 3. (Bot.) The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla. [Obs.] Johnson.", @@ -4569,7 +3864,6 @@ "attitudinized": null, "attitudinizes": "To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose. Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to attitudinize at the harp. Hannah More.", "attitudinizing": null, - "attlee": null, "attn": null, "attorney": "1. A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [Obs.] And will have no attorney but myself. Shak. 2. (Law) (a) One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an attorney in fact. (b) A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an attorney at law. Note: An attorney is either public or private. A private attorney, or an attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act in pais, for another. A public attorney, or attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. Bouvier. -- The attorney at law answers to the procurator of the civilians, to the solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called solicitors. A power, letter, or warrant, of attorney, a written authority from one person empowering another to transact business for him.\n\nTo perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.] Shak.", "attorneys": "1. A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [Obs.] And will have no attorney but myself. Shak. 2. (Law) (a) One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an attorney in fact. (b) A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an attorney at law. Note: An attorney is either public or private. A private attorney, or an attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act in pais, for another. A public attorney, or attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. Bouvier. -- The attorney at law answers to the procurator of the civilians, to the solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called solicitors. A power, letter, or warrant, of attorney, a written authority from one person empowering another to transact business for him.\n\nTo perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -4596,23 +3890,17 @@ "attributively": "In an attributive manner.", "attributives": "Attributing; pertaining to, expressing, or assigning an attribute; of the nature of an attribute.\n\nA word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined to a noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.", "attrition": "1. The act of rubbing together; friction; the act of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together; abrasion. Effected by attrition of the inward stomach. Arbuthnot. 2. The state of being worn. Johnson. 3. (Theol.) Grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See Contrition. Wallis.", - "attucks": null, "attune": "1. To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; as, to attune the voice to a harp. 2. To arrange fitly; to make accordant. Wake to energy each social aim, Attuned spontaneous to the will of Jove. Beattie.", "attuned": null, "attunes": "1. To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; as, to attune the voice to a harp. 2. To arrange fitly; to make accordant. Wake to energy each social aim, Attuned spontaneous to the will of Jove. Beattie.", "attuning": null, "atty": null, - "atv": null, "atwitter": null, - "atwood": null, "atypical": "That has no type; devoid of typical character; irregular; unlike the type.", "atypically": null, - "au": null, "aubergine": null, "aubergines": null, - "aubrey": null, "auburn": "1. Flaxen-colored. [Obs.] Florio. 2. Reddish brown. His auburn locks on either shoulder flowed. Dryden.", - "auckland": null, "auction": "1. A public sale of property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose; a vendue. 2. The things sold by auction or put up to auction. Ask you why Phryne the whole auction buys Pope. Note: In the United States, the more prevalent expression has been \"sales at auction,\" that is, by an increase of bids (Lat. auctione). This latter form is preferable. Dutch auction, the public offer of property at a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the price, till some one accepts it as purchaser. P. Cyc.\n\nTo sell by auction.", "auctioned": null, "auctioneer": "A person who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to dispose of goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best bidder.\n\nTo sell by auction; to auction. Estates . . . advertised and auctioneered away. Cowper.", @@ -4623,8 +3911,6 @@ "audaciously": "In an audacious manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.", "audaciousness": "The quality of being audacious; impudence; audacity.", "audacity": "1. Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence; venturesomeness. The freedom and audacity necessary in the commerce of men. Tatler. 2. Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; -- implying a contempt of law or moral restraints. With the most arrogant audacity. Joye.", - "auden": null, - "audi": null, "audibility": "The quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible capacity.", "audible": "Capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; as, an audible voice or whisper.\n\nThat which may be heard. [Obs.] Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than audibles. Bacon.", "audibles": "Capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; as, an audible voice or whisper.\n\nThat which may be heard. [Obs.] Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than audibles. Bacon.", @@ -4638,7 +3924,6 @@ "audiology": null, "audiometer": "An instrument by which the power of hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.", "audiometers": "An instrument by which the power of hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.", - "audion": null, "audiophile": null, "audiophiles": null, "audios": null, @@ -4659,11 +3944,6 @@ "auditors": "1. A hearer or listener. Macaulay. 2. A person appointed and authorized to audit or examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject charges, and state the balance. 3. One who hears judicially, as in an audience court. Note: In the United States government, and in the State governments, there are auditors of the treasury and of the public accounts. The name is also applied to persons employed to check the accounts of courts, corporations, companies, societies, and partnerships.", "auditory": "Of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of hearing; as, the auditory nerve. See Ear. Auditory canal (Anat.), the tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane.\n\n1. An assembly of hearers; an audience. 2. An auditorium. Udall.", "audits": "1. An audience; a hearing. [Obs.] He appeals to a high audit. Milton. 2. An examination in general; a judicial examination. Note: Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts, with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result. 3. The result of such an examination, or an account as adjusted by auditors; final account. Yet I can make my audit up. Shak. 4. A general receptacle or receiver. [Obs.] It [a little brook] paid to its common audit no more than the revenues of a little cloud. Jer. Taylor. Audit ale, a kind of ale, brewed at the English universities, orig. for the day of audit. -- Audit house, Audit room, an appendage to a cathedral, for the transaction of its business.\n\nTo examine and adjust, as an account or accounts; as, to audit the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit depending in court.\n\nTo settle or adjust an account. Let Hocus audit; he knows how the money was disbursed. Arbuthnot.", - "audra": null, - "audrey": null, - "audubon": null, - "aug": null, - "augean": "1. (Class. Myth.) Of or pertaining to Augeus, king of Elis, whose stable contained 3000 oxen, and had not been cleaned for 30 years. Hercules cleansed it in a single day. 2. Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt. Augean stable (Fig.), an accumulation of corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to remedy.", "auger": "1. A carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned with both hands. A pod auger is one with a straight channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A screw auger has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which the chips are discharge. 2. An instrument for boring or perforating soils or rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining water. Auger bit, a bit with a cutting edge or blade like that of an anger.", "augers": "1. A carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned with both hands. A pod auger is one with a straight channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A screw auger has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which the chips are discharge. 2. An instrument for boring or perforating soils or rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining water. Auger bit, a bit with a cutting edge or blade like that of an anger.", "aught": "Property; possession. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.\n\nAnything; any part. [Also written ought.] There failed not aught of any good thing which the Lord has spoken. Josh. xxi. 45 But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting. Addison.\n\nAt all; in any degree. Chaucer.", @@ -4677,7 +3957,6 @@ "augmenters": "One who, or that which, augments or increases anything.", "augmenting": null, "augments": "1. To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army by reëforcements; rain augments a stream; impatience augments an evil. But their spite still serves His glory to augment. Milton. 2. (Gram.) To add an augment to.\n\nTo increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; as, a stream augments by rain.\n\n1. Enlargement by addition; increase. 2. (Gram.) A vowel prefixed, or a lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek and Sanskrit verbs. Note: In Greek, the syllabic augment is a prefixed temporal augment is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial vowel, as by changing", - "augsburg": null, "augur": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences. 2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet. Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found Without a priestly curse or boding sound. Dryden.\n\n1. To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow. My auguring mind assures the same success. Dryden. 2. To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue; as, to augur well or ill.\n\nTo predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer. It seems to augur genius. Sir W. Scott. I augur everything from the approbation the proposal has met with. J. F. W. Herschel. Syn. -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.", "augured": null, "auguries": null, @@ -4685,17 +3964,10 @@ "augurs": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences. 2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet. Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found Without a priestly curse or boding sound. Dryden.\n\n1. To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow. My auguring mind assures the same success. Dryden. 2. To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue; as, to augur well or ill.\n\nTo predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer. It seems to augur genius. Sir W. Scott. I augur everything from the approbation the proposal has met with. J. F. W. Herschel. Syn. -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.", "augury": "1. The art or practice of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.; divination. 2. An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication of the future; presage. From their flight strange auguries she drew. Drayton. He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little augury of his future greatness. Prescott. 3. A rite, ceremony, or observation of an augur.", "august": "Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority. \"Forms august.\" Pope. \"August in visage.\" Dryden. \"To shed that august blood.\" Macaulay. So beautiful and so august a spectacle. Burke. To mingle with a body so august. Byron. Syn. -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately; dignified; imposing.\n\nThe eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Note: The old Roman name was Sextilis, the sixth month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to August in honor of Augustus Cæsar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.", - "augusta": null, - "augustan": "1. Of or pertaining to Augustus Cæsar or to his times. 2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg. Augustan age of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; -- so called because the reign of Augustus Cæsar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the Augustan age of French literature, and that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the Augustan age of English literature. -- Augustan confession (Eccl. Hist.), or confession of Augsburg, drawn up at Augusta Vindelicorum, or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church.", "auguster": null, "augustest": null, - "augustine": "A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.", - "augustinian": "A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.\n\nOf or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d. 430), or to his doctrines. Augustinian canons, an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; -- called also regular canons of St. Austin, and black canons. -- Augustinian hermits or Austin friars, an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790. -- Augustinian nuns, an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine. -- Augustinian rule, a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.\n\nOne of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally.", - "augustinians": "A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.\n\nOf or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d. 430), or to his doctrines. Augustinian canons, an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; -- called also regular canons of St. Austin, and black canons. -- Augustinian hermits or Austin friars, an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790. -- Augustinian nuns, an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine. -- Augustinian rule, a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.\n\nOne of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally.", "augustly": "In an august manner.", "augustness": "The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.", - "augusts": "Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority. \"Forms august.\" Pope. \"August in visage.\" Dryden. \"To shed that august blood.\" Macaulay. So beautiful and so august a spectacle. Burke. To mingle with a body so august. Byron. Syn. -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately; dignified; imposing.\n\nThe eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Note: The old Roman name was Sextilis, the sixth month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to August in honor of Augustus Cæsar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.", - "augustus": null, "auk": "A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family Alcidæ. The great auk, now extinct, is Alca (or Plautus) impennis. The razor-billed auk is A. torda. See Puffin, Guillemot, and Murre.", "auks": "A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family Alcidæ. The great auk, now extinct, is Alca (or Plautus) impennis. The razor-billed auk is A. torda. See Puffin, Guillemot, and Murre.", "aunt": "1. The sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to nephew or niece. Also applied to an uncle's wife. Note: Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related. 2. An old woman; and old gossip. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A bawd, or a prostitute. [Obs.] Shak. Aunt Sally, a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.", @@ -4705,22 +3977,15 @@ "aura": "1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc. 2. (Med.) The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics. Electric ~, a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere. See Atmosphere, 2.", "aural": "Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura.\n\nOf or pertaining to the ear; as, aural medicine and surgery.", "aurally": null, - "aurangzeb": null, "auras": "1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc. 2. (Med.) The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics. Electric ~, a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere. See Atmosphere, 2.", - "aurelia": "(a) The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies. (b) A genus of jellyfishes. See Discophora.", - "aurelio": null, - "aurelius": null, "aureole": "1. (R. C. Theol.) A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil. 2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence. Note: Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a nimbus; when it envelops the whole body, an aureola. Fairholt. 3. A halo, actual or figurative. The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun during total eclipses. Proctor. The aureole of young womanhood. O. W. Holmes. 4. (Anat.) See Areola, 2.", "aureoles": "1. (R. C. Theol.) A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil. 2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence. Note: Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a nimbus; when it envelops the whole body, an aureola. Fairholt. 3. A halo, actual or figurative. The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun during total eclipses. Proctor. The aureole of young womanhood. O. W. Holmes. 4. (Anat.) See Areola, 2.", - "aureomycin": null, "aureus": null, "auricle": "1. (Anat.) (a) The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head. (b) The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See Heart. 2. (Zoöl.) An angular or ear-shaped lobe. 3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet. Mansfield.", "auricles": "1. (Anat.) (a) The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head. (b) The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See Heart. 2. (Zoöl.) An angular or ear-shaped lobe. 3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet. Mansfield.", "auricular": "1. Of or pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; as, auricular nerves. 2. Told in the ear, i. e., told privately; as, auricular confession to the priest. This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and the strangest . . . that ever was auricular. Milton. 3. Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; as, auricular evidence. \"Auricular assurance.\" Shak. 4. Received by the ear; known by report. \"Auricular traditions.\" Bacon. 5. (Anat.) Pertaining to the auricles of the heart. Auricular finger, the little finger; so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.", - "auriga": "The Charioteer, or Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star Capella.", "aurora": "1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises. 2. The rise, dawn, or beginning. Hawthorne. 3. (Class. Myth.) The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew. 4. (Bot.) A species of crowfoot. Johnson. 5. The aurora borealis or aurora australis (northern or southern lights). Aurora borealis (, i. e., northern daybreak; popularly called northern lights. A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the corona, about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then called merry dancers. They assume a variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color. The Aurora australis (is a corresponding phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light ascending in the same manner from near the southern horizon.", "auroras": "1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises. 2. The rise, dawn, or beginning. Hawthorne. 3. (Class. Myth.) The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew. 4. (Bot.) A species of crowfoot. Johnson. 5. The aurora borealis or aurora australis (northern or southern lights). Aurora borealis (, i. e., northern daybreak; popularly called northern lights. A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the corona, about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then called merry dancers. They assume a variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color. The Aurora australis (is a corresponding phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light ascending in the same manner from near the southern horizon.", - "auschwitz": null, "auscultate": "To practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.", "auscultated": null, "auscultates": "To practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.", @@ -4732,30 +3997,13 @@ "auspicious": "1. Having omens or tokens of a favorable issue; giving promise of success, prosperity, or happiness; predicting good; as, an auspicious beginning. Auspicious union of order and freedom. Macaulay. 2. Prosperous; fortunate; as, auspicious years. \"Auspicious chief.\" Dryden. 3. Favoring; favorable; propitious; -- applied to persons or things. \"Thy auspicious mistress.\" Shak. \"Auspicious gales.\" Pope. Syn. -- See Propitious. -- Aus*pi\"cious*ly, adv. -- Aus*pi\"cious*ness, n.", "auspiciously": null, "auspiciousness": null, - "aussie": null, - "aussies": null, - "austen": null, "austere": "1. Sour and astringent; rough to the state; having acerbity; as, an austere crab apple; austere wine. 2. Severe in modes of judging, or living, or acting; rigid; rigorous; stern; as, an austere man, look, life. From whom the austere Etrurian virtue rose. Dryden. 3. Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple. Syn. -- Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous; strict.", "austerely": "Severely; rigidly; sternly. A doctrine austerely logical. Macaulay.", "austerer": null, "austerest": null, "austerities": null, "austerity": "1. Sourness and harshness to the taste. [Obs.] Horsley. 2. Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline. The austerity of John the Baptist. Milton. 3. Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe simplicity. Partly owing to the studied austerity of her dress, and partly to the lack of demonstration in her manners. Hawthorne.", - "austerlitz": null, - "austin": "Augustinian; as, Austin friars.", - "austins": "Augustinian; as, Austin friars.", "austral": "Southern; lying or being in the south; as, austral land; austral ocean. Austral signs (Astron.), the last six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.", - "australasia": null, - "australasian": "Of or pertaining to Australasia; as, Australasian regions. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Australasia.", - "australia": null, - "australian": "Of or pertaining to Australia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Australia.", - "australians": "Of or pertaining to Australia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Australia.", - "australoid": null, - "australopithecus": null, - "austria": null, - "austrian": "Of or pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Austria.", - "austrians": "Of or pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Austria.", - "austronesian": null, "authentic": "1. Having a genuine original or authority, in opposition to that which is false, fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it purports to be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; as, an authentic paper or register. To be avenged On him who had stole Jove's authentic fire. Milton. 2. Authoritative. [Obs.] Milton. 3. Of approved authority; true; trustworthy; credible; as, an authentic writer; an authentic portrait; authentic information. 4. (Law) Vested with all due formalities, and legally attested. 5. (Mus.) Having as immediate relation to the tonic, in distinction from plagal, which has a correspondent relation to the dominant in the octave below the tonic. Syn. -- Authentic, Genuine. These words, as here compared, have reference to historical documents. We call a document genuine when it can be traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, \"not changed from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:\" as, a genuine text. We call a document authentic when, on the ground of its being thus traced back, it may be relied on as true and authoritative (from the primary sense of \"having an author, vouched for\"); hence its extended signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting on unquestionable authority or evidence; as, an authentic history; an authentic report of facts. A genuine book is that which was written by the person whose name it bears, as the author of it. An authentic book is that which relates matters of fact as they really happened. A book may be genuine without being, authentic, and a book may be authentic without being genuine. Bp. Watson. Note: It may be said, however, that some writers use authentic (as, an authentic document) in the sense of \"produced by its professed author, not counterfeit.\"\n\nAn original (book or document). [Obs.] \"Authentics and transcripts.\" Fuller.", "authentically": "In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.", "authenticate": "1. To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit. The king serves only as a notary to authenticate the choice of judges. Burke. 2. To prove authentic; to determine as real and true; as, to authenticate a portrait. Walpole.", @@ -4860,7 +4108,6 @@ "auxiliary": "Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as auxiliary troops. Auxiliary scales (Mus.), the scales of relative or attendant keys. See under Attendant, a. -- Auxiliary verbs (Gram.). See Auxiliary, n., 3.\n\n1. A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or enterprise. 2. (Mil.) pl. Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in sing.), a member of the allied or subsidiary force. 3. (Gram.) A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; -- called, also, an auxiliary verb; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, shall, and will, in English; être and avoir, in French; avere and essere, in Italian; estar and haber, in Spanish. 4. (Math.) A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical formulæ. Math. Dict.", "auxin": null, "av": null, - "ava": "Same as Kava. Johnston.", "avail": "1. To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment. O, what avails me now that honor high ! Milton. 2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.] Pope. To avail one's self of, to make use of; take advantage of. Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names. Milton. I have availed myself of the very first opportunity. Dickens.\n\nTo be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease. \"What signs avail \" Milton. Words avail very little with me, young man. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as, labor, without economy, is of little avail. The avail of a deathbed repentance. Jer. Taylor. 2. pl. Proceeds; as, the avails of a sale by auction. The avails of their own industry. Stoddard. Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.\n\nSee Avale, v. [Obs.] Spenser.", "availability": "1. The quality of being available; availableness. Note: The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of \"mere availableness,\" or capability of success without regard to worthiness. He was . . . nominated for his availability. Lowell. 2. That which is available.", "available": "1. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; effectual; valid; as, an available plea. [Obs.] Laws human are available by consent. Hooker. 2. Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; as, an available measure; an available candidate. Struggling to redeem, as he did, the available months and days out of so many that were unavailable. Carlyle. Having no available funds with which to pay the calls on new shares. H. Spenser.", @@ -4869,7 +4116,6 @@ "avails": "1. To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment. O, what avails me now that honor high ! Milton. 2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.] Pope. To avail one's self of, to make use of; take advantage of. Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names. Milton. I have availed myself of the very first opportunity. Dickens.\n\nTo be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease. \"What signs avail \" Milton. Words avail very little with me, young man. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as, labor, without economy, is of little avail. The avail of a deathbed repentance. Jer. Taylor. 2. pl. Proceeds; as, the avails of a sale by auction. The avails of their own industry. Stoddard. Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.\n\nSee Avale, v. [Obs.] Spenser.", "avalanche": "1. A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice. 2. A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice. 3. A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.", "avalanches": "1. A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice. 2. A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice. 3. A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.", - "avalon": null, "avarice": "1. An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth; covetousness; cupidity. To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up, is avarice. Beattie. 2. An inordinate desire for some supposed good. All are taught an avarice of praise. Goldsmith.", "avaricious": "Actuated by avarice; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property. Syn. -- Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid; close. -- Avaricious, Covetous, Parsimonious, Penurious, Miserly, Niggardly. The avaricious eagerly grasp after it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a spendthrift. The penurious, parsimonious, and miserly save money by disgraceful self-denial, and the niggardly by meanness in their dealing with others. We speak of persons as covetous in getting, avaricious in retaining, parsimonious in expending, penurious or miserly in modes of living, niggardly in dispensing. -- Av`a*ri\"cious*ly, adv -- Av`a*ri\"cious*ness, n.", "avariciously": null, @@ -4885,7 +4131,6 @@ "avengers": "1. One who avenges or vindicates; as, an avenger of blood. 2. One who takes vengeance. [Obs.] Milton.", "avenges": "1. To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer. He will avenge the blood of his servants. Deut. xxxii. 43. Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold. Milton. He had avenged himself on them by havoc such as England had never before seen. Macaulay. 2. To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on. [Obs.] Thy judgment in avenging thine enemies. Bp. Hall. Syn. -- To Avenge, Revenge. To avenge is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; as, to avenge one's wrongs; to avenge the injuries of the suffering and innocent. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To revenge is to inflict pain or injury for the indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human character. I avenge myself upon another, or I avenge another, or I avenge a wrong. I revenge only myself, and that upon another. C. J. Smith.\n\nTo take vengeance. Levit. xix. 18.\n\nVengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Spenser.", "avenging": null, - "aventine": "Pertaining to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which Rome stood. Bryant.\n\nA post of security or defense. [Poetic] Into the castle's tower, The only Aventine that now is left him. Beau. & Fl.", "avenue": "1. A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. \"The avenues leading to the city by land.\" Macaulay. On every side were expanding new avenues of inquiry. Milman. 2. The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered. An avenue of tall elms and branching chestnuts. W. Black. 3. A broad street; as, the Fifth Avenue in New York.", "avenues": "1. A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. \"The avenues leading to the city by land.\" Macaulay. On every side were expanding new avenues of inquiry. Milman. 2. The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered. An avenue of tall elms and branching chestnuts. W. Black. 3. A broad street; as, the Fifth Avenue in New York.", "aver": "A work horse, or working ox. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.]\n\n1. To assert, or prove, the truth of. [Obs.] 2. (Law) To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify. See Averment. 3. To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth. It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as I do seriously aver is the case. Fielding. Then all averred I had killed the bird. Coleridge. Syn. -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See Affirm.", @@ -4894,10 +4139,8 @@ "averagely": null, "averages": "1. (OLd Eng. Law) That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc. 2. Etym: [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or cargo.] (Com.) (a) A tariff or duty on goods, etc. [Obs.] (b) Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped. (c) A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils. (d) The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested. General average, a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called general average, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice. Kent. -- Particular average signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers. -- Petty averages are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading, \"primage and average accustomed,\" average means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average. Arnould. Abbott. Phillips. 3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average 10. 4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc. \"The average of sensations.\" Paley. 5. pl. In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets. On an average, taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.\n\n1. Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; as, an average rate of profit; an average amount of rain; the average Englishman; beings of the average stamp. 2. According to the laws of averages; as, the loss must be made good by average contribution.\n\n1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean. 2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to average a loss. 3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.\n\nTo form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~; as, the losses of the owners will average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in length.", "averaging": null, - "avernus": null, "averred": null, "averring": null, - "averroes": null, "avers": "A work horse, or working ox. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.]\n\n1. To assert, or prove, the truth of. [Obs.] 2. (Law) To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify. See Averment. 3. To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth. It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as I do seriously aver is the case. Fielding. Then all averred I had killed the bird. Coleridge. Syn. -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See Affirm.", "averse": "1. Turned away or backward. [Obs.] The tracks averse a lying notice gave, And led the searcher backward from the cave. Dryden. 2. Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant. Averse alike to flatter, or offend. Pope. Men who were averse to the life of camps. Macaulay. Pass by securely as men averse from war. Micah ii. 8. Note: The prevailing usage now is to employ to after averse and its derivatives rather than from, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is in agreement with its kindred terms, hatred, dislike, dissimilar, contrary, repugnant, etc., expressing a relation or an affection of the mind to an object. Syn. -- Averse, Reluctant, Adverse. Averse expresses an habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; as, averse to active pursuits; averse to study. Reluctant, a term of the of the will, implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of interest or feeling; as, reluctant to yield; reluctant to make the necessary arrangements; a reluctant will or consent. Adverse denotes active opposition or hostility; as, adverse interests; adverse feelings, plans, or movements; the adverse party.\n\nTo turn away. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "aversion": "1. A turning away. [Obs.] Adhesion to vice and aversion from goodness. Bp. Atterbury. 2. Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike; antipathy; disinclination; reluctance. Mutual aversion of races. Prescott. His rapacity had made him an object of general aversion. Macaulay. Note: It is now generally followed by to before the object. [See Averse.] Sometimes towards and for are found; from is obsolete. A freeholder is bred with an aversion to subjection. Addison. His aversion towards the house of York. Bacon. It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has conceived an aversion for him. Spectator. The Khasias . . . have an aversion to milk. J. D. Hooker. 3. The object of dislike or repugnance. Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire. Pope. Syn. -- Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See Dislike.", @@ -4906,10 +4149,7 @@ "averted": "Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious. Who scornful pass it with averted eye. Keble.", "averting": null, "averts": "To turn aside, or away; as, to avert the eyes from an object; to ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; as, how can the danger be averted \"To avert his ire.\" Milton. When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth avert them from the church. Bacon. Till ardent prayer averts the public woe. Prior.\n\nTo turn away. [Archaic] Cold and averting from our neighbor's good. Thomson.", - "avery": null, - "avesta": "The Zoroastrian scriptures. See Zend-Avesta.", "avg": null, - "avi": null, "avian": "Of or instrument to birds.", "aviaries": null, "aviary": "A house, inclosure, large cage, or other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house. Lincolnshire may be termed the aviary of England. Fuller.", @@ -4919,23 +4159,17 @@ "aviatrices": null, "aviatrix": "A woman aviator.", "aviatrixes": null, - "avicenna": null, "avid": "Longing eagerly for; eager; greedy. \"Avid of gold, yet greedier of renown.\" Southey.", "avidity": "Greediness; strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; as, to eat with avidity. His books were received and read with avidity. Milward.", "avidly": null, - "avignon": null, - "avila": null, "avionic": null, "avionics": null, - "avior": null, - "avis": "Advice; opinion; deliberation. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "avitaminosis": null, "avocado": "The pulpy fruit of Persea gratissima, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; -- called also avocado pear, alligator pear, midshipman's butter.", "avocados": "The pulpy fruit of Persea gratissima, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; -- called also avocado pear, alligator pear, midshipman's butter.", "avocation": "1. A calling away; a diversion. [Obs. or Archaic] Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin. South. 2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation. Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments avocations. Fuller. By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life. Atterbury. Note: In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. Avocation (in the singular) for vocation is usually avoided by good writers. 3. pl. Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation. There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common avocations of women. Richardson. In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary avocations. Macaulay. An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed pursuits of agriculture. Buckle.", "avocational": null, "avocations": "1. A calling away; a diversion. [Obs. or Archaic] Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin. South. 2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation. Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments avocations. Fuller. By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life. Atterbury. Note: In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. Avocation (in the singular) for vocation is usually avoided by good writers. 3. pl. Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation. There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common avocations of women. Richardson. In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary avocations. Macaulay. An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed pursuits of agriculture. Buckle.", - "avogadro": null, "avoid": "1. To empty. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to avoid excretions. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from. [Obs.] Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room. Bacon. 4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute. How can these grants of the king's be avoided Spenser. 5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters. What need a man forestall his date of grief. And run to meet what he would most avoid Milton. He carefully avoided every act which could goad them into open hostility. Macaulay. 6. To get rid of. [Obs.] Shak. 7. (Pleading) To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by stating new matter. Blackstone. Syn. -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew. -- To Avoid, Shun. Avoid in its commonest sense means, to keep clear of, an extension of the meaning, to withdraw one's self from. It denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; as, to avoid certain persons or places. Shun is a stronger term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many cases be interchanged. No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the take no care of himself to avoid it. Mason. So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox, Yet shunned him as a sailor shuns the rocks. Dryden.\n\n1. To retire; to withdraw. [Obs.] David avoided out of his presence. 1 Sam. xviii. 11. 2. (Law) To become void or vacant. [Obs.] Ayliffe.", "avoidable": "1. Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made invalid; voidable. The charters were not avoidable for the king's nonage. Hale. 2. Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.", "avoidably": null, @@ -4945,8 +4179,6 @@ "avoiding": null, "avoids": "1. To empty. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to avoid excretions. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from. [Obs.] Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room. Bacon. 4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute. How can these grants of the king's be avoided Spenser. 5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters. What need a man forestall his date of grief. And run to meet what he would most avoid Milton. He carefully avoided every act which could goad them into open hostility. Macaulay. 6. To get rid of. [Obs.] Shak. 7. (Pleading) To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by stating new matter. Blackstone. Syn. -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew. -- To Avoid, Shun. Avoid in its commonest sense means, to keep clear of, an extension of the meaning, to withdraw one's self from. It denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; as, to avoid certain persons or places. Shun is a stronger term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many cases be interchanged. No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the take no care of himself to avoid it. Mason. So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox, Yet shunned him as a sailor shuns the rocks. Dryden.\n\n1. To retire; to withdraw. [Obs.] David avoided out of his presence. 1 Sam. xviii. 11. 2. (Law) To become void or vacant. [Obs.] Ayliffe.", "avoirdupois": "1. Goods sold by weight. [Obs.] 2. Avoirdupois weight. 3. Weight; heaviness; as, a woman of much avoirdupois. [Colloq.] Avoirdupois weight, a system of weights by which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea. Note: The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water at 62º Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches, and the water weighed in the air with brass weights. In this system of weights 16 drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred weight 1 ton. The above pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54 grams, so that 1 pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31-144 pounds troy. (See Troy weight.) Formerly, a hundred weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds (sometimes called a long ton).", - "avon": null, - "avondale": null, "avouch": "1. To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority. [Obs.] They avouch many successions of authorities. Coke. 2. To maintain a just or true; to vouch for. We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were not avouched by the full evidence. Milman. 3. To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm openly. If this which he avouches does appear. Shak. Such antiquities could have been avouched for the Irish. Spenser. 4. To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction. Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God. Deut. xxvi. 17.\n\nEvidence; declaration. [Obs.] The sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Shak.", "avouched": null, "avouches": null, @@ -4961,7 +4193,6 @@ "avuncular": "Of or pertaining to an uncle. In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct or avuncular, gives way. I. Taylor.", "avuncularly": null, "aw": null, - "awacs": null, "await": "1. To watch for; to look out for. [Obs.] 2. To wait on, serve, or attend. [Obs.] 3. To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See Expect. Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat, Chief of the angelic guards, awaiting night. Milton. 4. To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; as, a glorious reward awaits the good. O Eve, some farther change awaits us night. Milton.\n\n1. To watch. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To wait (on or upon). [Obs.] 3. To wait; to stay in waiting. Darwin.\n\nA waiting for; ambush; watch; watching; heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "awaited": null, "awaiting": null, @@ -5012,9 +4243,7 @@ "awns": "The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista. Gray.", "awoke": null, "awoken": null, - "awol": null, "awry": "1. Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; as, to glance awry. \"Your crown's awry.\" Shak. Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues awry. Into the devious air. Milton. 2. Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely. Or by her charms Draws him awry, enslaved. Milton. Nothing more awry from the law of God and nature than that a woman should give laws to men. Milton.", - "aws": null, "ax": "A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The broadax, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle. Note: The ancient battle-ax had sometimes a double edge. Note: The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, axhead or ax head; ax helve; ax handle; ax shaft; ax-shaped; axlike. Note: This word was originally spelt with e, axe; and so also was nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, flaxe, taxe, waxe, sixe, mixe, pixe, oxe, fluxe, etc. This superfluous e is not dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in x, no one thinks of retaining the e except in axe. Analogy requires its exclusion here. Note: \"The spelling ax is better on every ground, of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than axe, which has of late become prevalent.\" New English Dict. (Murray).\n\nTo ask; to inquire or inquire of. Note: This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States. \"And Pilate axide him, Art thou king of Jewis\" \"Or if he axea fish.\" Wyclif. 'bdThe king axed after your Grace's welfare.\" Pegge.", "axed": null, "axes": "A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The broadax, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle. Note: The ancient battle-ax had sometimes a double edge. Note: The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, axhead or ax head; ax helve; ax handle; ax shaft; ax-shaped; axlike. Note: This word was originally spelt with e, axe; and so also was nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, flaxe, taxe, waxe, sixe, mixe, pixe, oxe, fluxe, etc. This superfluous e is not dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in x, no one thinks of retaining the e except in axe. Analogy requires its exclusion here. Note: \"The spelling ax is better on every ground, of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than axe, which has of late become prevalent.\" New English Dict. (Murray).\n\nSee Ax, Axman.", @@ -5034,51 +4263,23 @@ "axolotls": "An amphibian of the salamander tribe found in the elevated lakes of Mexico; the siredon. Note: When it breeds in captivity the young develop into true salamanders of the genus Amblystoma. This also occurs naturally under favorable conditions, in its native localities; although it commonly lives and breeds in a larval state, with persistent external gills. See Siredon.", "axon": null, "axons": null, - "axum": null, "ayah": "A native nurse for children; also, a lady's maid. [India]", "ayahs": "A native nurse for children; also, a lady's maid. [India]", - "ayala": null, "ayatollah": null, "ayatollahs": null, "aye": "Yes; yea; -- a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used in viva voce voting in legislative bodies, etc. Note: This word is written I in the early editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.\n\nAn affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, \"To call for the ayes and noes;\" \"The ayes have it.\"\n\nAlways; ever; continually; for an indefinite time. For his mercies aye endure. Milton. For aye, always; forever; eternally.", - "ayers": null, "ayes": "Yes; yea; -- a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used in viva voce voting in legislative bodies, etc. Note: This word is written I in the early editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.\n\nAn affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, \"To call for the ayes and noes;\" \"The ayes have it.\"\n\nAlways; ever; continually; for an indefinite time. For his mercies aye endure. Milton. For aye, always; forever; eternally.", - "aymara": null, - "ayrshire": "One of a superior breed of cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland. Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and quality of their milk.", - "ayurveda": null, - "ayyubid": null, - "az": null, "azalea": "A genus of showy flowering shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from Rhododendron.", "azaleas": "A genus of showy flowering shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from Rhododendron.", - "azana": null, - "azania": null, - "azazel": null, - "azerbaijan": null, - "azerbaijani": null, - "azerbaijanis": null, "azimuth": "(a) The quadrant of an azimuth circle. (b) An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; as, the azimuth of a star; the azimuth or bearing of a line surveying. Note: In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to reckon the azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon around by the west from 0º to 360º. Azimuth circle, or Vertical circle, one of the great circles of the sphere intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. Hutton. -- Azimuth compass, a compass resembling the mariner's compass, but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true azimuth, the variation of the needle. -- Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. Hutton. -- Magnetic azimuth, an arc of the horizon, intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.", "azimuths": "(a) The quadrant of an azimuth circle. (b) An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; as, the azimuth of a star; the azimuth or bearing of a line surveying. Note: In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to reckon the azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon around by the west from 0º to 360º. Azimuth circle, or Vertical circle, one of the great circles of the sphere intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. Hutton. -- Azimuth compass, a compass resembling the mariner's compass, but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true azimuth, the variation of the needle. -- Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. Hutton. -- Magnetic azimuth, an arc of the horizon, intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.", - "azores": null, - "azov": null, - "azt": null, - "aztec": "Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519. -- n. One of the Aztec race or people.", - "aztecan": null, - "aztecs": "Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519. -- n. One of the Aztec race or people.", - "aztlan": null, "azure": "Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless. Azure stone (Min.), the lapis lazuli; also, the lazulite.\n\n1. The lapis lazuli. [Obs.] 2. The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this color. \"In robes of azure.\" Wordsworth. 3. The blue vault above; the unclouded sky. Not like those steps On heaven's azure. Milton. 4. (Her.) A blue color, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.\n\nTo color blue.", "azures": "Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless. Azure stone (Min.), the lapis lazuli; also, the lazulite.\n\n1. The lapis lazuli. [Obs.] 2. The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this color. \"In robes of azure.\" Wordsworth. 3. The blue vault above; the unclouded sky. Not like those steps On heaven's azure. Milton. 4. (Her.) A blue color, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.\n\nTo color blue.", "b": "is the second letter of the English alphabet. (See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 196,220.) It is etymologically related to p , v , f , w and m , letters representing sounds having a close organic affinity to its own sound; as in Eng. bursar and purser; Eng. bear and Lat. pear; Eng. silver and Ger. silber; Lat. cubitum and It. gomito; Eng. seven, Anglo-Saxon seofon, Ger. sieben, Lat. septem, Gr.ptan. The form of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (Beta), of Semitic origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the capital B. Note: In Music, B is the nominal of the seventh tone in the model major scale (the scale of C major ), or of the second tone in it's relative minor scale (that of A minor ) . B stands for B flat, the tone a half step , or semitone, lower than B. In German, B stands for our B, while our B natural is called H (pronounced hä).", - "ba": "To kiss. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "baa": "To cry baa, or bleat as a sheep. He treble baas for help, but none can get. Sir P. Sidney.\n\nThe cry or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.", "baaed": null, "baaing": "The bleating of a sheep. Marryat.", - "baal": "1. (Myth.) The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish nations. Note: The name of this god occurs in the Old Testament and elsewhere with qualifying epithets subjoined, answering to the different ideas of his character; as, Baal-berith (the Covenant Baal), Baal-zebub (Baal of the fly). 2. pl. The whole class of divinities to whom the name Baal was applied. Judges x. 6.", - "baals": "1. (Myth.) The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish nations. Note: The name of this god occurs in the Old Testament and elsewhere with qualifying epithets subjoined, answering to the different ideas of his character; as, Baal-berith (the Covenant Baal), Baal-zebub (Baal of the fly). 2. pl. The whole class of divinities to whom the name Baal was applied. Judges x. 6.", "baas": "To cry baa, or bleat as a sheep. He treble baas for help, but none can get. Sir P. Sidney.\n\nThe cry or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.", - "baath": null, - "baathist": null, - "babbage": null, - "babbitt": "To line with Babbitt metal.", "babble": "1. To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter inarticulate sounds; as a child babbles. 2. To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning words. 3. To talk much; to chatter; to prate. 4. To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow water running over stones. In every babbling he finds a friend. Wordsworth. Note: Hounds are said to babble, or to be babbling, when they are too noisy after having found a good scent. Syn. -- To prate; prattle; chatter; gossip.\n\n1. To utter in an indistinct or incoherent way; to repeat,as words, in a childish way without understanding. These [words] he used to babble in all companies. Arbuthnot. 2. To disclose by too free talk, as a secret.\n\n1. Idle talk; senseless prattle; gabble; twaddle. \"This is mere moral babble.\" Milton. 2. Inarticulate speech; constant or confused murmur. The babble of our young children. Darwin. The babble of the stream. Tennyson.", "babbled": null, "babbler": "1. An idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets. Great babblers, or talkers, are not fit for trust. L'Estrange. 2. A hound too noisy on finding a good scent. 3. (Zoöl.) A name given to any one of family (Timalinæ) of thrushlike birds, having a chattering note.", @@ -5101,19 +4302,12 @@ "babyhood": "The state or period of infancy.", "babying": null, "babyish": "Like a baby; childish; puerile; simple. -- Ba\"by*ish*ly, adv. -- Ba\"by*ish*ness, n.", - "babylon": null, - "babylonia": null, - "babylonian": "Of or pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.\n\n1. An inhabitant of Babylonia (which included Chaldea); a Chaldean. 2. An astrologer; -- so called because the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.", - "babylonians": "Of or pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.\n\n1. An inhabitant of Babylonia (which included Chaldea); a Chaldean. 2. An astrologer; -- so called because the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.", - "babylons": null, "babysat": null, "babysit": null, "babysits": null, "babysitter": null, "babysitters": null, "babysitting": null, - "bacall": null, - "bacardi": null, "baccalaureate": "1. The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.), the first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities and colleges. 2. A baccalaureate sermon. [U.S.]\n\nPertaining to a bachelor of arts. Baccalaureate sermon, in some American colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a graduating class.", "baccalaureates": "1. The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.), the first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities and colleges. 2. A baccalaureate sermon. [U.S.]\n\nPertaining to a bachelor of arts. Baccalaureate sermon, in some American colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a graduating class.", "baccarat": "A French game of cards, played by a banker and punters.", @@ -5122,10 +4316,7 @@ "bacchanalian": "Of or pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or given to reveling and drunkenness. Even bacchanalian madness has its charms. Cowper.\n\nA bacchanal; a drunken reveler.", "bacchanalians": "Of or pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or given to reveling and drunkenness. Even bacchanalian madness has its charms. Cowper.\n\nA bacchanal; a drunken reveler.", "bacchanals": "1. Relating to Bacchus or his festival. 2. Engaged in drunken revels; drunken and riotous or noisy.\n\n1. A devotee of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels; one who is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a carouser. \"Tipsy bacchanals.\" Shak. 2. pl. The festival of Bacchus; the bacchanalia. 3. Drunken revelry; an orgy. 4. A song or dance in honor of Bacchus.", - "bacchic": "Of or relating to Bacchus; hence, jovial, or riotous,with intoxication.", - "bacchus": "The god of wine, son of Jupiter and Semele.", "baccy": null, - "bach": null, "bachelor": "1. A man of any age who has not been married. As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever followed a hound. W. Irving. 2. An unmarried woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. A person who has taken the first or lowest degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a college or university; as, a bachelor of arts. 4. A knight who had no standard of his own, but fought under the standard of another in the field; often, a young knight. 5. In the companies of London tradesmen, one not yet admitted to wear the livery; a junior member. [Obs.] 6. (Zoöl.) A kind of bass, an edible fresh-water fish (Pomoxys annularis) of the southern United States.", "bachelorhood": "The state or condition of being a bachelor; bachelorship.", "bachelors": "1. A man of any age who has not been married. As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever followed a hound. W. Irving. 2. An unmarried woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. A person who has taken the first or lowest degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a college or university; as, a bachelor of arts. 4. A knight who had no standard of his own, but fought under the standard of another in the field; often, a young knight. 5. In the companies of London tradesmen, one not yet admitted to wear the livery; a junior member. [Obs.] 6. (Zoöl.) A kind of bass, an edible fresh-water fish (Pomoxys annularis) of the southern United States.", @@ -5258,7 +4449,6 @@ "backtracks": null, "backup": null, "backups": null, - "backus": null, "backward": "1. With the back in advance or foremost; as, to ride backward. 2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to throw the arms backward. 3. On the back, or with the back downward. Thou wilt fall backward. Shak. 4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago. Some reigns backward. Locke. 5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Sir J. Davies. 6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin. The work went backward. Dryden. 7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; as, to read backwards. We might have . . . beat them backward home. Shak.\n\n1. Directed to the back or rear; as, backward glances. 2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath. For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves. Pope. 3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward child. \"The backward learner.\" South. 4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward season. 5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or region is in a backward state. 6. Already past or gone; bygone. [R.] And flies unconscious o'er each backward year. Byron.\n\nThe state behind or past. [Obs.] In the dark backward and abysm of time. Shak.\n\nTo keep back; to hinder. [Obs.]", "backwardly": "1. Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 2. Perversely; ill.[Obs.] And does he think so backwardly of me Shak.", "backwardness": "The state of being backward.", @@ -5283,14 +4473,12 @@ "bacteriologists": "One skilled in bacteriology.", "bacteriology": "The science relating to bacteria.", "bacterium": "A microscopic vegetable organism, belonging to the class Algæ, usually in the form of a jointed rodlike filament, and found in putrefying organic infusions. Bacteria are destitute of chlorophyll, and are the smallest of microscopic organisms. They are very widely diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous rapidity, both by fission and by spores. Certain species are active agents in fermentation, while others appear to be the cause of certain infectious diseases. See Bacillus.", - "bactria": null, "bad": "of Bid. Bade. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nWanting good qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective, either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked; -- the opposite of good; as a bad man; bad conduct; bad habits; bad soil; bad health; bad crop; bad news. Note: Sometimes used substantively. The strong antipathy of good to bad. Pope. Syn. -- Pernicious; deleterious; noxious; baneful; injurious; hurtful; evil; vile; wretched; corrupt; wicked; vicious; imperfect.", "badder": "compar. of Bad, a. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "baddest": null, "baddie": null, "baddies": null, "bade": "A form of the pat tense of Bid.", - "baden": null, "badge": "1. A distinctive mark, token, sign, or cognizance, worn on the person; as, the badge of a society; the badge of a policeman. \"Tax gatherers, recognized by their official badges. \" Prescott. 2. Something characteristic; a mark; a token. Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge. Shak. 3. (Naut.) A carved ornament on the stern of a vessel, containing a window or the representation of one.\n\nTo mark or distinguish with a badge.", "badger": "An itinerant licensed dealer in commodities used for food; a hawker; a huckster; -- formerly applied especially to one who bought grain in one place and sold it in another. [Now dialectic, Eng.]\n\n1. A carnivorous quadruped of the genus Meles or of an allied genus. It is a burrowing animal, with short, thick legs, and long claws on the fore feet. One species (M. vulgaris), called also brock, inhabits the north of Europe and Asia; another species (Taxidea Americana or Labradorica) inhabits the northern parts of North America. See Teledu. 2. A brush made of badgers' hair, used by artists. Badger dog. (Zoöl.) See Dachshund.\n\n1. To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to worry or irritate persistently. 2. To beat down; to cheapen; to barter; to bargain.", "badgered": null, @@ -5308,10 +4496,6 @@ "badmouthing": null, "badmouths": null, "badness": "The state of being bad.", - "baedeker": null, - "baedekers": null, - "baez": null, - "baffin": null, "baffle": "1. To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as a recreant knight. [Obs.] He by the heels him hung upon a tree, And baffled so, that all which passed by The picture of his punishment might see. Spenser. 2. To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to foil. The art that baffles time's tyrannic claim. Cowper. 3. To check by perplexing; to disconcert, frustrate, or defeat; to thwart. \"A baffled purpose.\" De Quincey. A suitable scripture ready to repel and baffle them all. South. Calculations so difficult as to have baffled, until within a . . . recent period, the most enlightened nations. Prescott. The mere intricacy of a question should not baffle us. Locke. Baffling wind (Naut.), one that frequently shifts from one point to another. Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; frustrate; defeat.\n\n1. To practice deceit. [Obs.] Barrow. 2. To struggle against in vain; as, a ship baffles with the winds. [R.]\n\nA defeat by artifice, shifts, and turns; discomfiture. [R.] \"A baffle to philosophy.\" South.", "baffled": null, "bafflement": "The process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration; check.", @@ -5336,7 +4520,6 @@ "bagginess": null, "bagging": "1. Cloth or other material for bags. 2. The act of putting anything into, or as into, a bag. 3. The act of swelling; swelling.\n\nReaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping stroke. [Eng.]", "baggy": "Resembling a bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag; flabby; as, baggy trousers; baggy cheeks.", - "baghdad": null, "bagpipe": "A musical wind instrument, now used chiefly in the Highlands of Scotland. Note: It consists of a leather bag, which receives the air by a tube that is stopped by a valve; and three sounding pipes, into which the air is pressed by the performer. Two of these pipes produce fixed tones, namely, the bass, or key tone, and its fifth, and form together what is called the drone; the third, or chanter, gives the melody.\n\nTo make to look like a bagpipe. To bagpipe the mizzen (Naut.), to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizzen rigging. Totten.", "bagpiper": "One who plays on a bagpipe; a piper. Shak.", "bagpipers": "One who plays on a bagpipe; a piper. Shak.", @@ -5344,19 +4527,9 @@ "bags": "1. A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; as, a bag of meal or of money. 2. A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies, containing some fluid or other substance; as, the bag of poison in the mouth of some serpents; the bag of a cow. 3. A sort of silken purse formerly tied about men's hair behind, by way of ornament. [Obs.] 4. The quantity of game bagged. 5. (Com.) A certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack; as, a bag of pepper or hops; a bag of coffee. Bag and baggage, all that belongs to one. -- To give one the bag, to disappoint him. [Obs.] Bunyan.\n\n1. To put into a bag; as, to bag hops. 2. To seize, capture, or entrap; as, to bag an army; to bag game. 3. To furnish or load with a bag or with a well filled bag. A bee bagged with his honeyed venom. Dryden.\n\n1. To swell or hang down like a full bag; as, the skin bags from containing morbid matter. 2. To swell with arrogance. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To become pregnant. [Obs.] Warner. (Alb. Eng. ).", "baguette": "1. (Arch.) A small molding, like the astragal, but smaller; a bead. 2. (Zoöl) One of the minute bodies seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after conjugation.", "baguettes": "1. (Arch.) A small molding, like the astragal, but smaller; a bead. 2. (Zoöl) One of the minute bodies seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after conjugation.", - "baguio": null, "bah": "An exclamation expressive of extreme contempt. Twenty-five years ago the vile ejaculation, Bah! was utterly unknown to the English public. De Quincey.", - "bahama": null, - "bahamanian": null, - "bahamas": null, - "bahamian": null, - "bahamians": null, - "bahia": null, - "bahrain": null, "baht": null, "bahts": null, - "baidu": null, - "baikal": null, "bail": "A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat. [Obs.] The bail of a canoe . . . made of a human skull. Capt. Cook.\n\n1. To lade; to dip and throw; -- usually with out; as, to bail water out of a boat. Buckets . . . to bail out the water. Capt. J. Smith. 2. To dip or lade water from; -- often with out to express completeness; as, to bail a boat. By the help of a small bucket and our hats we bailed her out. R. H. Dana, Jr.\n\n1. To deliver; to release. [Obs.] Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to bail. Spenser. 2. (Law) (a) To set free, or deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person bailed. Note: The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety. The magistrate bails (but admits to bail is commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment upon bond given with sureties. The surety bails a person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond for his appearance. Blackstone. (b) To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee, or person intrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment; to bail goods to a carrier. Blackstone. Kent.\n\n1. Custody; keeping. [Obs.] Silly Faunus now within their bail. Spenser. 2. (Law) (a) The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely for his appearance in court. The bail must be real, substantial bondsmen. Blackstone. A. and B. were bail to the arrest in a suit at law. Kent. (b) The security given for the appearance of a prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the officer; as, the man is out on bail; to go bail for any one. Excessive bail ought not to be required. Blackstone.\n\n1. The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar vessel, usually movable. Forby. 2. A half hoop for supporting the cover of a carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.\n\n1. (Usually pl.) A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense. [Written also bayle.] [Obs.] 2. The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by it; the outer court. Holinshed. 3. A certain limit within a forest. [Eng.] 4. A division for the stalls of an open stable. 5. (Cricket) The top or cross piece ( or either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.", "bailable": "1. Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail, upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons. \"He's bailable, I'm sure.\" Ford. 2. Admitting of bail; as, a bailable offense. 3. That can be delivered in trust; as, bailable goods.", "bailed": null, @@ -5372,7 +4545,6 @@ "bails": "A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat. [Obs.] The bail of a canoe . . . made of a human skull. Capt. Cook.\n\n1. To lade; to dip and throw; -- usually with out; as, to bail water out of a boat. Buckets . . . to bail out the water. Capt. J. Smith. 2. To dip or lade water from; -- often with out to express completeness; as, to bail a boat. By the help of a small bucket and our hats we bailed her out. R. H. Dana, Jr.\n\n1. To deliver; to release. [Obs.] Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to bail. Spenser. 2. (Law) (a) To set free, or deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person bailed. Note: The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety. The magistrate bails (but admits to bail is commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment upon bond given with sureties. The surety bails a person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond for his appearance. Blackstone. (b) To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee, or person intrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment; to bail goods to a carrier. Blackstone. Kent.\n\n1. Custody; keeping. [Obs.] Silly Faunus now within their bail. Spenser. 2. (Law) (a) The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely for his appearance in court. The bail must be real, substantial bondsmen. Blackstone. A. and B. were bail to the arrest in a suit at law. Kent. (b) The security given for the appearance of a prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the officer; as, the man is out on bail; to go bail for any one. Excessive bail ought not to be required. Blackstone.\n\n1. The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar vessel, usually movable. Forby. 2. A half hoop for supporting the cover of a carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.\n\n1. (Usually pl.) A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense. [Written also bayle.] [Obs.] 2. The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by it; the outer court. Holinshed. 3. A certain limit within a forest. [Eng.] 4. A division for the stalls of an open stable. 5. (Cricket) The top or cross piece ( or either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.", "bailsman": null, "bailsmen": null, - "baird": null, "bairn": "A child. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Has he not well provided for the bairn ! Beau. & Fl.", "bairns": "A child. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Has he not well provided for the bairn ! Beau. & Fl.", "bait": "1. Any substance, esp. food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net. 2. Anything which allures; a lure; enticement; temptation. Fairfax. 3. A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment. 4. A light or hasty luncheon. Bait bug (Zoöl), a crustacean of the genus Hippa found burrowing in sandy beaches. See Anomura.\n\n1. To provoke and harass; esp., to harass or torment for sport; as, to bait a bear with dogs; to bait a bull. 2. To give a portion of food and drink to, upon the road; as, to bait horses. Holland. 3. To furnish or cover with bait, as a trap or hook. A crooked pin . . . bailed with a vile earthworm. W. Irving.\n\nTo stop to take a portion of food and drink for refreshment of one's self or one's beasts, on a journey. Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton. My lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence baiting aEvelyn.\n\nTo flap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a hawk when she stoops to her prey. \"Kites that bait and beat.\" Shak.", @@ -5382,11 +4554,9 @@ "baize": "A coarse woolen stuff with a long nap; -- usually dyed in plain colors. A new black baize waistcoat lined with silk. Pepys.", "bake": "1. To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal; as, to bake bread, meat, apples. Note: Baking is the term usually applied to that method of cooking which exhausts the moisture in food more than roasting or broiling; but the distinction of meaning between roasting and baking is not always observed. 2. To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to heat, as, to bake bricks; the sun bakes the ground. 3. To harden by cold. The earth . . . is baked with frost. Shak. They bake their sides upon the cold, hard stone. Spenser.\n\n1. To do the work of baking something; as, she brews, washes, and bakes. Shak. 2. To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat; as, the bread bakes; the ground bakes in the hot sun.\n\nThe process, or result, of baking.", "baked": null, - "bakelite": null, "baker": "1. One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit, etc. 2. A portable oven in which baking is done. [U.S.] A baker's dozen, thirteen. -- Baker foot, a distorted foot. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Baker's itch, a rash on the back of the hand, caused by the irritating properties of yeast. -- Baker's salt, the subcarbonate of ammonia, sometimes used instead of soda, in making bread.", "bakeries": null, "bakers": "1. One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit, etc. 2. A portable oven in which baking is done. [U.S.] A baker's dozen, thirteen. -- Baker foot, a distorted foot. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Baker's itch, a rash on the back of the hand, caused by the irritating properties of yeast. -- Baker's salt, the subcarbonate of ammonia, sometimes used instead of soda, in making bread.", - "bakersfield": null, "bakery": "1. The trade of a baker. [R.] 2. The place for baking bread; a bakehouse.", "bakes": "1. To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal; as, to bake bread, meat, apples. Note: Baking is the term usually applied to that method of cooking which exhausts the moisture in food more than roasting or broiling; but the distinction of meaning between roasting and baking is not always observed. 2. To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to heat, as, to bake bricks; the sun bakes the ground. 3. To harden by cold. The earth . . . is baked with frost. Shak. They bake their sides upon the cold, hard stone. Spenser.\n\n1. To do the work of baking something; as, she brews, washes, and bakes. Shak. 2. To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat; as, the bread bakes; the ground bakes in the hot sun.\n\nThe process, or result, of baking.", "bakeshop": null, @@ -5394,8 +4564,6 @@ "baking": "1. The act or process of cooking in an oven, or of drying and hardening by heat or cold. 2. The quantity baked at once; a batch; as, a baking of bread. Baking powder, a substitute for yeast, usually consisting of an acid, a carbonate, and a little farinaceous matter.", "baklava": null, "baksheesh": "Same as Backsheesh.", - "baku": null, - "bakunin": null, "balaclava": null, "balaclavas": null, "balalaika": null, @@ -5403,9 +4571,7 @@ "balance": "1. An apparatus for weighing. Note: In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam or lever supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or basins of equal weight suspended from its extremities. Another form is that of the Roman balance, our steelyard, consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its extremities, on the longer arm of which a counterpoise slides. The name is also given to other forms of apparatus for weighing bodies, as to the combinations of levers making up platform scales; and even to devices for weighing by the elasticity of a spring. 2. Act of weighing mentally; comparison; estimate. A fair balance of the advantages on either side. Atterbury. 3. Equipoise between the weights in opposite scales. 4. The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium; even adjustment; steadiness. And hung a bottle on each side To make his balance true. Cowper. The order and balance of the country were destroyed. Buckle. English workmen completely lose their balance. J. S. Mill. 5. An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account; as, to bring one's accounts to a balance; -- also, the excess on either side; as, the balance of an account. \" A balance at the banker's. \" Thackeray. I still think the balance of probabilities leans towards the account given in the text. J. Peile. 6. (Horol.) A balance wheel, as of a watch, or clock. See Balance wheel (in the Vocabulary). 7. (Astron.) (a) The constellation Libra. (b) The seventh sign in the Zodiac, called Libra, which the sun enters at the equinox in September. 8. A movement in dancing. See Balance, v. i., S. Balance electrometer, a kind of balance, with a poised beam, which indicates, by weights suspended from one arm, the mutual attraction of oppositely electrified surfaces. Knight. -- Balance fish. (Zoöl) See Hammerhead. -- Balance knife, a carving or table knife the handle of which overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact with the table. -- Balance of power. (Politics), such an adjustment of power among sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere with the independence of the others; international equilibrium; also, the ability ( of a state or a third party within a state) to control the relations between sovereign states or between dominant parties in a state. -- Balance sheet (Bookkeeping), a paper showing the balances of the open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances footing up equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the balances correctly taken. -- Balance thermometer, a thermometer mounted as a balance so that the movement of the mercurial column changes the indication of the tube. With the aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it, it is used for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms warmed artificially, and as a fire alarm. -- Balance of torsion. See Torsion Balance. -- Balance of trade (Pol. Econ.), an equilibrium between the money values of the exports and imports of a country; or more commonly, the amount required on one side or the other to make such an equilibrium. -- Balance valve, a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides. See Puppet valve. -- Hydrostatic balance. See under Hydrostatic. -- To lay in balance, to put up as a pledge or security. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To strike a balance, to find out the difference between the debit and credit sides of an account.\n\n1. To bring to an equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting the weights; to weigh in a balance. 2. To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling; as, to balance a plate on the end of a cane; to balance one's self on a tight rope. 3. To equal in number, weight, force, or proportion; to counterpoise, counterbalance, counteract, or neutralize. One expression . . . must check and balance another. Kent. 4. To compare in relative force, importance, value, etc.; to estimate. Balance the good and evil of things. L'Estrange. 5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two accounts equal by paying the difference between them. I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to balance accounts with my Maker. Addison. 6. To make the sums of the debits and credits of an account equal; -- said of an item; as, this payment, or credit, balances the account. 7. To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum total of the debits is equal to the sum total of the credits; as, to balance a set of books. 8. (Dancing) To move toward, and then back from, reciprocally; as, to balance partners. 9. (Naut.) To contract, as a sail, into a narrower compass; as, to balance the boom mainsail. Balanced valve. See Balance valve, under Balance, n. Syn. -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize; equalize.\n\n1. To have equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; as, the scales balance. 2. To fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force; to waver; to hesitate. He would not balance or err in the determination of his choice. Locke. 3. (Dancing) To move toward a person or couple, and then back.", "balanced": null, "balances": "1. An apparatus for weighing. Note: In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam or lever supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or basins of equal weight suspended from its extremities. Another form is that of the Roman balance, our steelyard, consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its extremities, on the longer arm of which a counterpoise slides. The name is also given to other forms of apparatus for weighing bodies, as to the combinations of levers making up platform scales; and even to devices for weighing by the elasticity of a spring. 2. Act of weighing mentally; comparison; estimate. A fair balance of the advantages on either side. Atterbury. 3. Equipoise between the weights in opposite scales. 4. The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium; even adjustment; steadiness. And hung a bottle on each side To make his balance true. Cowper. The order and balance of the country were destroyed. Buckle. English workmen completely lose their balance. J. S. Mill. 5. An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account; as, to bring one's accounts to a balance; -- also, the excess on either side; as, the balance of an account. \" A balance at the banker's. \" Thackeray. I still think the balance of probabilities leans towards the account given in the text. J. Peile. 6. (Horol.) A balance wheel, as of a watch, or clock. See Balance wheel (in the Vocabulary). 7. (Astron.) (a) The constellation Libra. (b) The seventh sign in the Zodiac, called Libra, which the sun enters at the equinox in September. 8. A movement in dancing. See Balance, v. i., S. Balance electrometer, a kind of balance, with a poised beam, which indicates, by weights suspended from one arm, the mutual attraction of oppositely electrified surfaces. Knight. -- Balance fish. (Zoöl) See Hammerhead. -- Balance knife, a carving or table knife the handle of which overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact with the table. -- Balance of power. (Politics), such an adjustment of power among sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere with the independence of the others; international equilibrium; also, the ability ( of a state or a third party within a state) to control the relations between sovereign states or between dominant parties in a state. -- Balance sheet (Bookkeeping), a paper showing the balances of the open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances footing up equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the balances correctly taken. -- Balance thermometer, a thermometer mounted as a balance so that the movement of the mercurial column changes the indication of the tube. With the aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it, it is used for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms warmed artificially, and as a fire alarm. -- Balance of torsion. See Torsion Balance. -- Balance of trade (Pol. Econ.), an equilibrium between the money values of the exports and imports of a country; or more commonly, the amount required on one side or the other to make such an equilibrium. -- Balance valve, a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides. See Puppet valve. -- Hydrostatic balance. See under Hydrostatic. -- To lay in balance, to put up as a pledge or security. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To strike a balance, to find out the difference between the debit and credit sides of an account.\n\n1. To bring to an equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting the weights; to weigh in a balance. 2. To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling; as, to balance a plate on the end of a cane; to balance one's self on a tight rope. 3. To equal in number, weight, force, or proportion; to counterpoise, counterbalance, counteract, or neutralize. One expression . . . must check and balance another. Kent. 4. To compare in relative force, importance, value, etc.; to estimate. Balance the good and evil of things. L'Estrange. 5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two accounts equal by paying the difference between them. I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to balance accounts with my Maker. Addison. 6. To make the sums of the debits and credits of an account equal; -- said of an item; as, this payment, or credit, balances the account. 7. To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum total of the debits is equal to the sum total of the credits; as, to balance a set of books. 8. (Dancing) To move toward, and then back from, reciprocally; as, to balance partners. 9. (Naut.) To contract, as a sail, into a narrower compass; as, to balance the boom mainsail. Balanced valve. See Balance valve, under Balance, n. Syn. -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize; equalize.\n\n1. To have equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; as, the scales balance. 2. To fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force; to waver; to hesitate. He would not balance or err in the determination of his choice. Locke. 3. (Dancing) To move toward a person or couple, and then back.", - "balanchine": null, "balancing": null, - "balaton": null, "balboa": null, "balboas": null, "balconies": null, @@ -5423,11 +4589,8 @@ "baldric": "A broad belt, sometimes richly ornamented, worn over one shoulder, across the breast, and under the opposite arm; less properly, any belt. [Also spelt bawdrick.] A radiant baldric o'er his shoulder tied Sustained the sword that glittered at his side. Pope.", "baldrics": "A broad belt, sometimes richly ornamented, worn over one shoulder, across the breast, and under the opposite arm; less properly, any belt. [Also spelt bawdrick.] A radiant baldric o'er his shoulder tied Sustained the sword that glittered at his side. Pope.", "balds": "1. Destitute of the natural or common covering on the head or top, as of hair, feathers, foliage, trees, etc.; as, a bald head; a bald oak. On the bald top of an eminence. Wordsworth. 2. Destitute of ornament; unadorned; bare; literal. In the preface to his own bald translation. Dryden. 3. Undisguised. \" Bald egotism.\" Lowell. 4. Destitute of dignity or value; paltry; mean. [Obs.] 5. (Bot.) Destitute of a beard or awn; as, bald wheat. 6. (Zoöl.) (a) Destitute of the natural covering. (b) Marked with a white spot on the head; bald-faced. Bald buzzard (Zoöl.), the fishhawk or osprey. -- Bald coot (Zoöl.), a name of the European coot (Fulica atra), alluding to the bare patch on the front of the head.", - "baldwin": "A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple. [U.S.]", - "baldwins": "A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple. [U.S.]", "baldy": null, "bale": "A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation; also, a bundle of straw Bale of dice, a pair of dice. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nTo make up in a bale. Goldsmith.\n\nSee Bail, v. t., to lade.\n\n1. Misery; Let now your bliss be turned into bale. Spenser. 2. Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something causing great injury. [Now chiefly poetic]", - "balearic": "Of or pertaining to the isles of Majorca, Minorca, Ivica, etc., in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Valencia. Balearic crane. (Zoöl.) See Crane.", "baled": null, "baleen": "Plates or blades of \"whalebone,\" from two to twelve feet long, and sometimes a foot wide, which in certain whales (Balænoidea) are attached side by side along the upper jaw, and form a fringelike sieve by which the food is retained in the mouth.", "baleful": "1. Full of deadly or pernicious influence; destructive. \"Baleful enemies.\" Shak. Four infernal rivers that disgorge Into the burning lake their baleful streams. Milton. 2. Full of grief or sorrow; woeful; sad. [Archaic]", @@ -5436,15 +4599,9 @@ "baler": null, "balers": null, "bales": "A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation; also, a bundle of straw Bale of dice, a pair of dice. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nTo make up in a bale. Goldsmith.\n\nSee Bail, v. t., to lade.\n\n1. Misery; Let now your bliss be turned into bale. Spenser. 2. Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something causing great injury. [Now chiefly poetic]", - "balfour": null, - "bali": null, - "balinese": null, "baling": null, "balk": "1. A ridge of land left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a field; a piece missed by the plow slipping aside. Bad plowmen made balks of such ground. Fuller. 2. A great beam, rafter, or timber; esp., the tie-beam of a house. The loft above was called \"the balks.\" Tubs hanging in the balks. Chaucer. 3. (Mil.) One of the beams connecting the successive supports of a trestle bridge or bateau bridge. 4. A hindrance or disappointment; a check. A balk to the confidence of the bold undertaker. South. 5. A sudden and obstinate stop; a failure. 6. (Baseball) A deceptive gesture of the pitcher, as if to deliver the ball. Balk line (Billiards), a line across a billiard table near one end, marking a limit within which the cue balls are placed in beginning a game; also, a line around the table, parallel to the sides, used in playing a particular game, called the balk line game.\n\n1. To leave or make balks in. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To leave heaped up; to heap up in piles. [Obs.] Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights, Balk'd in their own blood did Sir Walter see. Shak. 3. To omit, miss, or overlook by chance. [Obs.] 4. To miss intentionally; to avoid; to shun; to refuse; to let go by; to shirk. [Obs. or Obsolescent] By reason of the contagion then in London, we balked the Evelyn. Sick he is, and keeps his bed, and balks his meat. Bp. Hall. Nor doth he any creature balk, But lays on all he meeteth. Drayton. 5. To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle; to as, to balk expectation. They shall not balk my entrance. Byron.\n\n1. To engage in contradiction; to be in opposition. [Obs.] In strifeful terms with him to balk. Spenser. 2. To stop abruptly and stand still obstinately; to jib; to stop short; to swerve; as, the horse balks. Note: This has been regarded as an Americanism, but it occurs in Spenser's \"Faërie Queene,\" Book IV., 10, xxv. Ne ever ought but of their true loves talkt, Ne ever for rebuke or blame of any balkt.\n\nTo indicate to fishermen, by shouts or signals from shore, the direction taken by the shoals of herring.", - "balkan": null, - "balkans": null, "balked": null, - "balkhash": null, "balkier": null, "balkiest": null, "balking": null, @@ -5456,7 +4613,6 @@ "balladeers": null, "balladry": "Ballad poems; the subject or style of ballads. \"Base balladry is so beloved.\" Drayton.", "ballads": "A popular kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; as, the ballad of Chevy Chase; esp., a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.\n\nTo make or sing ballads. [Obs.]\n\nTo make mention of in ballads. [Obs.]", - "ballard": null, "ballast": "1. (Naut.) Any heavy substance, as stone, iron, etc., put into the hold to sink a vessel in the water to such a depth as to prevent capsizing. 2. Any heavy matter put into the car of a balloon to give it steadiness. 3. Gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a railroad to make it firm and solid. 4. The larger solids, as broken stone or gravel, used in making concrete. 5. Fig.: That which gives, or helps to maintain, uprightness, steadiness, and security. It [piety] is the right ballast of prosperity. Barrow. Ballast engine, a steam engine used in excavating and for digging and raising stones and gravel for ballast. -- Ship in ballast, a ship carring only ballast.\n\n1. To steady, as a vessel, by putting heavy substances in the hold. 2. To fill in, as the bed of a railroad, with gravel, stone, etc., in order to make it firm and solid. 3. To keep steady; to steady, morally. 'T is charity must ballast the heart. Hammond.", "ballasted": null, "ballasting": "That which is used for steadying anything; ballast.", @@ -5520,17 +4676,10 @@ "balsamic": "Having the qualities of balsam; containing, or resembling, balsam; soft; mitigative; soothing; restorative.", "balsams": "1. A resin containing more or less of an essential or volatile oil. Note: The balsams are aromatic resinous substances, flowing spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great variety of substances pass under this name, but the term is now usually restricted to resins which, in addition to a volatile oil, contain benzoic and cinnamic acid. Among the true balsams are the balm of Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and Tolu. There are also many pharmaceutical preparations and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name balsam has been given. 2. (Bot.) (a) A species of tree (Abies balsamea). (b) An annual garden plant (Impatiens balsamina) with beautiful flowers; balsamine. 3. Anything that heals, soothes, or restores. Was not the people's blessing a balsam to thy blood Tennyson. Balsam apple (Bot.), an East Indian plant ( Momordica balsamina), of the gourd family, with red or orange-yellow cucumber-shaped fruit of the size of a walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and poultices. -- Balsam fir (Bot.), the American coniferous tree, Abies balsamea, from which the useful Canada balsam is derived. -- Balsam of copaiba. See Copaiba. -- Balsam of Mecca, balm of Gilead. -- Balsam of Peru, a reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a Central American tree ( Myroxylon Pereiræ and used as a stomachic and expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long supposed to be a product of Peru. -- Balsam of Tolu, a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid balsam, obtained from a South American tree ( Myxoxylon toluiferum.). It is highly fragrant, and is used as a stomachic and expectorant. -- Balsam tree, any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the Abies balsamea. -- Canada balsam, Balsam of fir, Canada turpentine, a yellowish, viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a transparent solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead (or balsam) fir (Abies balsamea) by breaking the vesicles upon the trunk and branches. See Balm.\n\nTo treat or anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to render balsamic.", "balsas": "A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.", - "balthazar": null, - "baltic": "Of or pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany; situated on the Baltic Sea.", - "baltimore": null, - "baluchistan": null, "baluster": "A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.", "balusters": "A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.", "balustrade": "A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.", "balustrades": "A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.", - "balzac": null, - "bamako": null, - "bambi": null, "bamboo": "A plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries. Note: The most useful species is Bambusa arundinacea, which has a woody, hollow, round, straight, jointed stem, and grows to the height of forty feet and upward. The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, etc.\n\nTo flog with the bamboo.", "bamboos": "A plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries. Note: The most useful species is Bambusa arundinacea, which has a woody, hollow, round, straight, jointed stem, and grows to the height of forty feet and upward. The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, etc.\n\nTo flog with the bamboo.", "bamboozle": "To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses; to hoax; to mystify; to humbug. [Colloq.] Addison. What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you J. H. Newman.", @@ -5538,14 +4687,12 @@ "bamboozles": "To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses; to hoax; to mystify; to humbug. [Colloq.] Addison. What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you J. H. Newman.", "bamboozling": null, "ban": "1. A public proclamation or edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory; a summons by public proclamation. 2. (Feudal & Mil.) A calling together of the king's (esp. the French king's) vassals for military service; also, the body of vassals thus assembled or summoned. In present usage, in France and Prussia, the most effective part of the population liable to military duty and not in the standing army. 3. pl. Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in church. See Banns (the common spelling in this sense). 4. An interdiction, prohibition, or proscription. \"Under ban to touch.\" Milton. 5. A curse or anathema. \"Hecate's ban.\" Shak. 6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban; as, a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes. Ban of the empire (German Hist.), an imperial interdict by which political rights and privileges, as those of a prince, city, or district, were taken away.\n\n1. To curse; to invoke evil upon. Sir W. Scott. 2. To forbid; to interdict. Byron.\n\nTo curse; to swear. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nAn ancient title of the warden of the eastern marches of Hungary; now, a title of the viceroy of Croatia and Slavonia.", - "banach": null, "banal": "Commonplace; trivial; hackneyed; trite.", "banalities": null, "banality": "Something commonplace, hackneyed, or trivial; the commonplace, in speech. The highest things were thus brought down to the banalities of discourse. J. Morley.", "banally": null, "banana": "A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size (Musa sapientum); also, its edible fruit. See Musa. Note: The banana has a soft, herbaceous stalk, with leaves of great length and breadth. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a sheath of a green or purple color; the fruit is five or six inches long, and over an inch in diameter; the pulp is soft, and of a luscious taste, and is eaten either raw or cooked. This plant is a native of tropical countries, and furnishes an important article of food. Banana bird (Zoöl.), a small American bird (Icterus leucopteryx), which feeds on the banana. -- Banana quit (Zoöl.), a small bird of tropical America, of the genus Certhiola, allied to the creepers.", "bananas": "A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size (Musa sapientum); also, its edible fruit. See Musa. Note: The banana has a soft, herbaceous stalk, with leaves of great length and breadth. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a sheath of a green or purple color; the fruit is five or six inches long, and over an inch in diameter; the pulp is soft, and of a luscious taste, and is eaten either raw or cooked. This plant is a native of tropical countries, and furnishes an important article of food. Banana bird (Zoöl.), a small American bird (Icterus leucopteryx), which feeds on the banana. -- Banana quit (Zoöl.), a small bird of tropical America, of the genus Certhiola, allied to the creepers.", - "bancroft": null, "band": "1. A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with which a thing is encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of things are tied, bound together, or confined; a fetter. Every one's bands were loosed. Acis xvi 26. 2. (Arch.) (a) A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of color, or of brickwork, etc. (b) In Gothic architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which encircles the pillars and small shafts. 3. That which serves as the means of union or connection between persons; a tie. \"To join in Hymen's bands.\" Shak. 4. A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th centuries. 5. pl. Two strips of linen hanging from the neck in front as part of a clerical, legal, or academic dress. 6. A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any article of dress, to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete it. \"Band and gusset and seam.\" Hood. 7. A company of persons united in any common design, especially a body of armed men. Troops of horsemen with his bands of foot. Shak. 8. A number of musicians who play together upon portable musical instruments, especially those making a loud sound, as certain wind instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.), and drums, or cymbals. 9. (Bot.) A space between elevated lines or ribs, as of the fruits of umbelliferous plants. 10. (Zoöl.) A stripe, streak, or other mark transverse to the axis of the body. 11. (Mech.) A belt or strap. 12. A bond [Obs.] \"Thy oath and band.\" Shak. 13. Pledge; security. [Obs.] Spenser. Band saw, a saw in the form of an endless steel belt, with teeth on one edge, running over wheels.\n\n1. To bind or tie with a band. 2. To mark with a band. 3. To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy. \"Banded against his throne.\" Milton. Banded architrave, pier, shaft, etc. (Arch.), an architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right angles.\n\nTo confederate for some common purpose; to unite; to conspire together. Certain of the Jews banded together. Acts xxiii. 12.\n\nTo bandy; to drive away. [Obs.]\n\nof Bind. [Obs.]", "bandage": "1. A fillet or strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds, etc. 2. Something resembling a bandage; that which is bound over or round something to cover, strengthen, or compress it; a ligature. Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a bandage over her eyes. Addison.\n\nTo bind, dress, or cover, with a bandage; as, to bandage the eyes.", "bandaged": null, @@ -5577,7 +4724,6 @@ "bandsmen": null, "bandstand": null, "bandstands": null, - "bandung": null, "bandwagon": null, "bandwagons": null, "bandwidth": null, @@ -5588,19 +4734,12 @@ "baneful": "Having poisonous qualities; deadly; destructive; injurious; noxious; pernicious. \"Baneful hemlock.\" Garth. \"Baneful wrath.\" Chapman. -- Bane\"ful*ly, adv. --Bane\"ful*ness, n.", "banes": "1. That which destroys life, esp. poison of a deadly quality. [Obs. except in combination, as in ratsbane, henbane, etc.] 2. Destruction; death. [Obs.] The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their bane. Milton. 3. Any cause of ruin, or lasting injury; harm; woe. Money, thou bane of bliss, and source of woe. Herbert. 4. A disease in sheep, commonly termed the rot. Syn. -- Poison; ruin; destruction; injury; pest.\n\nTo be the bane of; to ruin. [Obs.] Fuller.", "bang": "1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence; to handle roughly. The desperate tempest hath so banged the Turks. Shak. 2. To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to hit or strike against another object, in such a way as to make a loud noise; as, to bang a drum or a piano; to bang a door (against the doorpost or casing) in shutting it.\n\nTo make a loud noise, as if with a blow or succession of blows; as, the window blind banged and waked me; he was banging on the piano.\n\n1. A blow as with a club; a heavy blow. Many a stiff thwack, many a bang. Hudibras. 2. The sound produced by a sudden concussion.\n\nTo cut squarely across, as the tail of a hors, or the forelock of human beings; to cut (the hair). His hair banged even with his eyebrows. The Century Mag.\n\nThe short, front hair combed down over the forehead, esp. when cut squarely across; a false front of hair similarly worn. His hair cut in front like a young lady's bang. W. D. Howells.\n\nSee Bhang.", - "bangalore": null, "banged": null, "banger": null, "banging": "Huge; great in size. [Colloq.] Forby.", - "bangkok": null, - "bangladesh": null, - "bangladeshi": null, - "bangladeshis": null, "bangle": "To waste by little and little; to fritter away. [Obs.]\n\nAn ornamental circlet, of glass, gold, silver, or other material, worn by women in India and Africa, and in some other countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a ring bracelet. Bangle ear, a loose hanging ear of a horse, like that of a spaniel.", "bangles": "To waste by little and little; to fritter away. [Obs.]\n\nAn ornamental circlet, of glass, gold, silver, or other material, worn by women in India and Africa, and in some other countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a ring bracelet. Bangle ear, a loose hanging ear of a horse, like that of a spaniel.", - "bangor": null, "bangs": "1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence; to handle roughly. The desperate tempest hath so banged the Turks. Shak. 2. To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to hit or strike against another object, in such a way as to make a loud noise; as, to bang a drum or a piano; to bang a door (against the doorpost or casing) in shutting it.\n\nTo make a loud noise, as if with a blow or succession of blows; as, the window blind banged and waked me; he was banging on the piano.\n\n1. A blow as with a club; a heavy blow. Many a stiff thwack, many a bang. Hudibras. 2. The sound produced by a sudden concussion.\n\nTo cut squarely across, as the tail of a hors, or the forelock of human beings; to cut (the hair). His hair banged even with his eyebrows. The Century Mag.\n\nThe short, front hair combed down over the forehead, esp. when cut squarely across; a false front of hair similarly worn. His hair cut in front like a young lady's bang. W. D. Howells.\n\nSee Bhang.", - "bangui": null, "bani": null, "banish": "1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the ruling power. \"We banish you our territories.\" Shak. 2. To drive out, as from a home or familiar place; -- used with from and out of. How the ancient Celtic tongue came to be banished from the Low Countries in Scotland. Blair. 3. To drive away; to compel to depart; to dispel. \"Banish all offense.\" Shak. Syn. -- To Banish, Exile, Expel. The idea of a coercive removal from a place is common to these terms. A man is banished when he is forced by the government of a country (be he a foreigner or a native) to leave its borders. A man is exiled when he is driven into banishment from his native country and home. Thus to exile is to banish, but to banish is not always to exile. To expel is to eject or banish, summarily or authoritatively, and usually under circumstances of disgrace; as, to expel from a college; expelled from decent society.", "banished": null, @@ -5609,12 +4748,10 @@ "banishment": "The act of banishing, or the state of being banished. He secured himself by the banishment of his enemies. Johnson. Round the wide world in banishment we roam. Dryden. Syn. -- Expatriation; ostracism; expulsion; proscription; exile; outlawry.", "banister": "A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is played with the fingers and hands.", "banisters": "A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is played with the fingers and hands.", - "banjarmasin": null, "banjo": "A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is played with the fingers and hands.", "banjoist": null, "banjoists": null, "banjos": "A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is played with the fingers and hands.", - "banjul": null, "bank": "A bench; a high seat, or seat of distinction or judgment; a tribunal or court. In banc, In banco (the ablative of bancus), In bank, in full court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings in banc (distinguished from sittings at nisi prius).\n\n1. A mound, pile, or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding level; hence, anything shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; as, a bank of clouds; a bank of snow. They cast up a bank against the city. 2 Sam. xx. 15. 2. A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or the side of a ravine. 3. The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground bordering a lake, river, or sea, or forming the edge of a cutting, or other hollow. Tiber trembled underneath her banks. Shak. 4. An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shoal, shelf, or shallow; as, the banks of Newfoundland. 5. (Mining) (a) The face of the coal at which miners are working. (b) A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level. (c) The ground at the top of a shaft; as, ores are brought to bank. Bank beaver (Zoöl.), the otter. [Local, U.S.] -- Bank swallow, a small American and European swallow (Clivicola riparia) that nests in a hole which it excavates in a bank.\n\n1. To raise a mound or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank. \"Banked well with earth.\" Holland. 2. To heap or pile up; as, to bank sand. 3. To pass by the banks of. [Obs.] Shak. To bank a fire, To bank up a fire, to cover the coals or embers with ashes or cinders, thus keeping the fire low but alive.\n\n1. A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars. Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojan sweep Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep. Waller. 2. (Law) (a) The bench or seat upon which the judges sit. (b) The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at Nisi Prius, or a court held for jury trials. See Banc. Burrill. 3. (Printing) A sort of table used by printers. 4. (Music) A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ. Knight.\n\n1. An establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts or bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing one or more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate capacity. 2. The building or office used for banking purposes. 3. A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital. [Obs.] Let it be no bank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money. Bacon. 4. (Gaming) The sum of money or the checks which the dealer or banker has as a fund, from which to draw his stakes and pay his losses. 5. In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw. Bank credit, a credit by which a person who has give -- Bank of deposit, a bank which receives money for safe keeping. -- Bank of issue, a bank which issues its own notes payable to bearer.\n\nTo deposit in a bank.\n\n1. To keep a bank; to carry on the business of a banker. 2. To deposit money in a bank; to have an account with a banker.", "bankable": "Receivable at a bank.", "bankbook": null, @@ -5639,11 +4776,9 @@ "bankrupts": "1. (Old Eng. Low) A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors. Blackstone. 2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an insolvent trader; popularly, any person who is unable to pay his debts; an insolvent person. M 3. (Law) A person who, in accordance with the terms of a law relating to bankruptcy, has been judicially declared to be unable to meet his liabilities. Note: In England, until the year 1861 none but a \"trader\" could be made a bankrupt; a non-trader failing to meet his liabilities being an \"insolvent\". But this distinction was abolished by the Bankruptcy Act of 1861. The laws of 1841 and 1867 of the United States relating to bankruptcy applied this designation bankrupt to others besides those engaged in trade.\n\n1. Being a bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay, or legally discharged from paying, one's debts; as, a bankrupt merchant. 2. Depleted of money; not having the means of meeting pecuniary liabilities; as, a bankrupt treasury. 3. Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy. 4. Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once possessed, or something one should possess). \"Bankrupt in gratitude.\" Sheridan. Bankrupt law, a law by which the property of a person who is unable or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken and distributed to his creditors, and by which a person who has made a full surrender of his property, and is free from fraud, may be discharged from the legal obligation of his debts. See Insolvent, a.\n\nTo make bankrupt; to bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.", "banks": "A bench; a high seat, or seat of distinction or judgment; a tribunal or court. In banc, In banco (the ablative of bancus), In bank, in full court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings in banc (distinguished from sittings at nisi prius).\n\n1. A mound, pile, or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding level; hence, anything shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; as, a bank of clouds; a bank of snow. They cast up a bank against the city. 2 Sam. xx. 15. 2. A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or the side of a ravine. 3. The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground bordering a lake, river, or sea, or forming the edge of a cutting, or other hollow. Tiber trembled underneath her banks. Shak. 4. An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shoal, shelf, or shallow; as, the banks of Newfoundland. 5. (Mining) (a) The face of the coal at which miners are working. (b) A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level. (c) The ground at the top of a shaft; as, ores are brought to bank. Bank beaver (Zoöl.), the otter. [Local, U.S.] -- Bank swallow, a small American and European swallow (Clivicola riparia) that nests in a hole which it excavates in a bank.\n\n1. To raise a mound or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank. \"Banked well with earth.\" Holland. 2. To heap or pile up; as, to bank sand. 3. To pass by the banks of. [Obs.] Shak. To bank a fire, To bank up a fire, to cover the coals or embers with ashes or cinders, thus keeping the fire low but alive.\n\n1. A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars. Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojan sweep Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep. Waller. 2. (Law) (a) The bench or seat upon which the judges sit. (b) The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at Nisi Prius, or a court held for jury trials. See Banc. Burrill. 3. (Printing) A sort of table used by printers. 4. (Music) A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ. Knight.\n\n1. An establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts or bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing one or more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate capacity. 2. The building or office used for banking purposes. 3. A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital. [Obs.] Let it be no bank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money. Bacon. 4. (Gaming) The sum of money or the checks which the dealer or banker has as a fund, from which to draw his stakes and pay his losses. 5. In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw. Bank credit, a credit by which a person who has give -- Bank of deposit, a bank which receives money for safe keeping. -- Bank of issue, a bank which issues its own notes payable to bearer.\n\nTo deposit in a bank.\n\n1. To keep a bank; to carry on the business of a banker. 2. To deposit money in a bank; to have an account with a banker.", "banned": null, - "banneker": null, "banner": "1. A kind of flag attached to a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his standard in battle. Hang out our banners on the outward walls. Shak. 2. A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place. 3. Any flag or standard; as, the star-spangled banner. Banner fish (Zoöl.), a large fish of the genus Histiophorus, of the Swordfish family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One species (H. Americanus) inhabits the North Atlantic.", "banners": "1. A kind of flag attached to a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his standard in battle. Hang out our banners on the outward walls. Shak. 2. A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place. 3. Any flag or standard; as, the star-spangled banner. Banner fish (Zoöl.), a large fish of the genus Histiophorus, of the Swordfish family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One species (H. Americanus) inhabits the North Atlantic.", "banning": null, - "bannister": null, "bannock": "A kind of cake or bread, in shape flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and baked on an iron plate, or griddle; -- used in Scotland and the northern counties of England. Jamieson. Bannock fluke, the turbot. [Scot.]", "bannocks": "A kind of cake or bread, in shape flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and baked on an iron plate, or griddle; -- used in Scotland and the northern counties of England. Jamieson. Bannock fluke, the turbot. [Scot.]", "banns": "Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in a church, or other place prescribed by law, in order that any person may object, if he knows of just cause why the marriage should not take place.", @@ -5667,23 +4802,18 @@ "bantering": null, "banteringly": null, "banters": "1. To address playful good-natured ridicule to, -- the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the subject of the jesting; to rally; as, he bantered me about my credulity. Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then bantered on my haggard looks the next day. W. Irving. 2. To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like. [Archaic] If they banter your regularity, order, and love of study, banter in return their neglect of them. Chatham. 3. To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of jest. [Obs.] We diverted ourselves with bantering several poor scholars with hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain. De Foe. 4. To challenge or defy to a match. [Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]\n\nThe act of bantering; joking or jesting; humorous or good- humored raillery; pleasantry. Part banter, part affection. Tennyson.", - "banting": null, - "bantu": "A member of one of the great family of Negroid tribes occupying equatorial and southern Africa. These tribes include, as important divisions, the Kafirs, Damaras, Bechuanas, and many tribes whose names begin with Aba-, Ama-, Ba-, Ma-, Wa-, variants of the Bantu plural personal prefix Aba-, as in Ba-ntu, or Aba-ntu, itself a combination of this prefix with the syllable -ntu, a person. -- Ban\"tu, a.", - "bantus": "A member of one of the great family of Negroid tribes occupying equatorial and southern Africa. These tribes include, as important divisions, the Kafirs, Damaras, Bechuanas, and many tribes whose names begin with Aba-, Ama-, Ba-, Ma-, Wa-, variants of the Bantu plural personal prefix Aba-, as in Ba-ntu, or Aba-ntu, itself a combination of this prefix with the syllable -ntu, a person. -- Ban\"tu, a.", "banyan": "A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (Ficus Indica), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of men.", "banyans": "A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (Ficus Indica), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of men.", "banzai": "Lit., May you live ten thousand years; -- used in salutation of the emperor and as a battle cry. [Japan]", "banzais": "Lit., May you live ten thousand years; -- used in salutation of the emperor and as a battle cry. [Japan]", "baobab": "A gigantic African tree (Adansonia digitata), also naturalized in India. See Adansonia.", "baobabs": "A gigantic African tree (Adansonia digitata), also naturalized in India. See Adansonia.", - "baotou": null, "bap": null, "baps": null, "baptism": "The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring.", "baptismal": "Pertaining to baptism; as, baptismal vows. Baptismal name, the Christian name, which is given at baptism.", "baptisms": "The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring.", "baptist": "1. One who administers baptism; -- specifically applied to John, the forerunner of Christ. Milton. 2. One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See Anabaptist. Note: In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation. Amer. Cyc. Freewill Baptists, a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion. -- Seventh-day Baptists, a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See Sabbatarian. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.", - "baptiste": null, "baptisteries": null, "baptistery": "(a) In early times, a separate building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger churches were built near. (b) A part of a church containing a font and used for baptismal services.", "baptists": "1. One who administers baptism; -- specifically applied to John, the forerunner of Christ. Milton. 2. One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See Anabaptist. Note: In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation. Amer. Cyc. Freewill Baptists, a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion. -- Seventh-day Baptists, a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See Sabbatarian. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.", @@ -5694,15 +4824,8 @@ "baptizes": "1. To administer the sacrament of baptism to. 2. To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their baptism); to give a name to; to name. I'll be new baptized; Henceforth I never will be Romeo. Shak. 3. To sanctify; to consecrate.", "baptizing": null, "bar": "1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door. Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood. Ex. xxvi. 26. 2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a bar of gold or of lead; a bar of soap. 3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier. Must I new bars to my own joy create Dryden. 4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation. 5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; as, the bar of the House of Commons. 6. (Law) (a) The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase at the bar of the court signifies in open court. (b) The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence. (c) The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the legal profession. (d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's action. 7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of God. 8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept. 9. (Her.) An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field. 10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a bar of color. 11. (Mus.) A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called measures. Note: A double bar marks the end of a strain or main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term bar is very often loosely used for measure, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight bars; two bars' rest. 12. (Far.) pl. (a) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed. (b) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of the sole. 13. (Mining) (a) A drilling or tamping rod. (b) A vein or dike crossing a lode. 14. (Arch.) (a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town. (b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar. Bar shoe (Far.), a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury. -- Bar shot, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat. -- Bar sinister (Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used for baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton. -- Bar tracery (Arch.), ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required. -- Blank bar (Law). See Blank. -- Case at bar (Law), a case presently before the court; a case under argument. -- In bar of, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent. -- Matter in bar, or Defence in bar, a plea which is a final defense in an action. -- Plea in bar, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely. -- Trial at bar (Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court.\n\n1. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate. 2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; as, to bar the entrance of evil; distance bars our intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is barred by time; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery; -- sometimes with up. He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to bar it in its dungeon. Hawthorne. 3. To except; to exclude by exception. Nay, but I bar to-night: you shall not gauge me By what we do to- night. Shak. 4. To cross with one or more stripes or lines. For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have barred them singly. Burney.", - "barabbas": null, - "barack": null, "barb": "1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it. The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs, or wattles in his mouth. Walton. 2. A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners. [Obs.] 3. pl. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen. [Written also barbel and barble.] 4. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else. \"Having two barbs or points.\" Ascham. 5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.] Spenser. 6. (Zoöl.) One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See Feather. 7. (Zoöl.) A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called whiting. 8. (Bot.) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.\n\n1. To shave or dress the beard of. [Obs.] 2. To clip; to mow. [Obs.] Marston. 3. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc. But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire. Milton.\n\n1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the Moors. 2. (Zoöl.) A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.\n\nArmor for a horse. Same as 2d Bard, n., 1.", "barbacoa": null, - "barbadian": "Of or pertaining to Barbados. -- n. A native of Barbados.", - "barbadians": "Of or pertaining to Barbados. -- n. A native of Barbados.", - "barbados": "A West Indian island, giving its name to a disease, to a cherry, etc. Barbados cherry (Bot.), a genus of trees of the West Indies (Malpighia) with an agreeably acid fruit resembling a cherry. -- Barbados leg (Med.), a species of elephantiasis incident to hot climates. -- Barbados nuts, the seeds of the Jatropha curcas, a plant growing in South America and elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as a purgative. See Physic nut.", - "barbara": "The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are universal affirmatives. Whately.", - "barbarella": null, "barbarian": "1. A foreigner. [Historical] Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a barbarian, and he that speaketh shall be a barbarian unto me. 2. A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized state. 3. A person destitute of culture. M. Arnold. 4. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity. \"Thou fell barbarian.\" Philips.\n\nOf, or pertaining to, or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; as, barbarian governments or nations.", "barbarianism": null, "barbarianisms": null, @@ -5717,10 +4840,8 @@ "barbarized": null, "barbarizes": "1. To become barbarous. The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the time of Trajan. De Quincey. 2. To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech. The ill habit . . . of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms. Milton.\n\nTo make barbarous. The hideous changes which have barbarized France. Burke.", "barbarizing": null, - "barbarossa": null, "barbarous": "1. Being in the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with barbarians; as, a barbarous people; a barbarous country. 2. Foreign; adapted to a barbaric taste.[Obs.] Barbarous gold. Dryden. 3. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless. By their barbarous usage he died within a few days, to the grief of all that knew him. Clarendon. 4. Contrary to the pure idioms of a language. A barbarous expression G. Campbell. Syn. -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant; merciless; brutal. See Ferocious.", "barbarously": "In a barbarous manner.", - "barbary": "The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. [Obs.] Also, a kind of pigeon. Barbary ape (Zoöl.), an ape (Macacus innus) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly trained by showmen.", "barbecue": "1. A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast. 2. A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled whole. 3. A floor, on which coffee beans are sun-dried.\n\n1. To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron. They use little or no salt, but barbecue their game and fish in the smoke. Stedman. 2. To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog. Send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued. Pope.", "barbecued": null, "barbecues": "1. A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast. 2. A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled whole. 3. A floor, on which coffee beans are sun-dried.\n\n1. To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron. They use little or no salt, but barbecue their game and fish in the smoke. Stedman. 2. To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog. Send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued. Pope.", @@ -5743,19 +4864,11 @@ "barbing": null, "barbiturate": null, "barbiturates": null, - "barbour": null, - "barbra": null, "barbs": "1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it. The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs, or wattles in his mouth. Walton. 2. A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners. [Obs.] 3. pl. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen. [Written also barbel and barble.] 4. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else. \"Having two barbs or points.\" Ascham. 5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.] Spenser. 6. (Zoöl.) One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See Feather. 7. (Zoöl.) A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called whiting. 8. (Bot.) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.\n\n1. To shave or dress the beard of. [Obs.] 2. To clip; to mow. [Obs.] Marston. 3. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc. But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire. Milton.\n\n1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the Moors. 2. (Zoöl.) A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.\n\nArmor for a horse. Same as 2d Bard, n., 1.", - "barbuda": null, "barbwire": null, "barcarole": null, "barcaroles": null, - "barcelona": null, - "barceloneta": null, - "barclay": null, - "barclays": null, "bard": "1. A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men. 2. Hence: A poet; as, the bard of Avon.\n\n1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the pl.] 2. pl. Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms. 3. (Cookery) A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.\n\nTo cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.\n\n1. The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind. 2. Specifically, Peruvian bark. Bark bed. See Bark stove (below). -- Bark pit, a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning. -- Bark stove (Hort.), a glazed structure for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark (called a bark bed) or other fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.", - "bardeen": null, "bardic": "Of or pertaining to bards, or their poetry. \"The bardic lays of ancient Greece.\" G. P. Marsh.", "bards": "1. A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men. 2. Hence: A poet; as, the bard of Avon.\n\n1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the pl.] 2. pl. Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms. 3. (Cookery) A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.\n\nTo cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.\n\n1. The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind. 2. Specifically, Peruvian bark. Bark bed. See Bark stove (below). -- Bark pit, a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning. -- Bark stove (Hort.), a glazed structure for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark (called a bark bed) or other fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.", "bare": "1. Without clothes or covering; stripped of the usual covering; naked; as, his body is bare; the trees are bare. 2. With head uncovered; bareheaded. When once thy foot enters the church, be bare. Herbert. 3. Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed. Bare in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear ! Milton. 4. Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald; meager. \"Uttering bare truth.\" Shak. 5. Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or scantily furnished; -- used with of (rarely with in) before the thing wanting or taken away; as, a room bare of furniture. \"A bare treasury.\" Dryden. 6. Threadbare; much worn. It appears by their bare liveries that they live by your bare words. Shak. 7. Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else; as, a bare majority. \"The bare necessaries of life.\" Addison. Nor are men prevailed upon by bare of naked truth. South. Under bare poles (Naut.), having no sail set.\n\n1. Surface; body; substance. [R.] You have touched the very bare of naked truth. Marston. 2. (Arch.) That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.\n\nTo strip off the covering of; to make bare; as, to bare the breast.\n\nBore; the old preterit of Bear, v.", @@ -5771,7 +4884,6 @@ "barelegged": "Having the legs bare.", "barely": "1. Without covering; nakedly. 2. Without concealment or disguise. 3. Merely; only. R. For now his son is duke. W. Barely in title, not in revenue. Shak. 4. But just; without any excess; with nothing to spare ( of quantity, time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly; as, there was barely enough for all; he barely escaped.", "bareness": "The state of being bare.", - "barents": null, "barer": null, "bares": "1. Without clothes or covering; stripped of the usual covering; naked; as, his body is bare; the trees are bare. 2. With head uncovered; bareheaded. When once thy foot enters the church, be bare. Herbert. 3. Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed. Bare in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear ! Milton. 4. Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald; meager. \"Uttering bare truth.\" Shak. 5. Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or scantily furnished; -- used with of (rarely with in) before the thing wanting or taken away; as, a room bare of furniture. \"A bare treasury.\" Dryden. 6. Threadbare; much worn. It appears by their bare liveries that they live by your bare words. Shak. 7. Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else; as, a bare majority. \"The bare necessaries of life.\" Addison. Nor are men prevailed upon by bare of naked truth. South. Under bare poles (Naut.), having no sail set.\n\n1. Surface; body; substance. [R.] You have touched the very bare of naked truth. Marston. 2. (Arch.) That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.\n\nTo strip off the covering of; to make bare; as, to bare the breast.\n\nBore; the old preterit of Bear, v.", "barest": null, @@ -5812,10 +4924,8 @@ "barker": "1. An animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably. 2. One who stands at the doors of shops to urg [Cant, Eng.] 3. A pistol. [Slang] Dickens. 4. (Zoöl.) The spotted redshank.\n\nOne who strips trees of their bark. BARKER'S MILL Bark\"er's mill`. Etym: [From Dr. Barker, the inventor.] A machine, invented in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its axis.", "barkers": "1. An animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably. 2. One who stands at the doors of shops to urg [Cant, Eng.] 3. A pistol. [Slang] Dickens. 4. (Zoöl.) The spotted redshank.\n\nOne who strips trees of their bark. BARKER'S MILL Bark\"er's mill`. Etym: [From Dr. Barker, the inventor.] A machine, invented in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its axis.", "barking": null, - "barkley": null, "barks": "1. To strip the bark from; to peel. 2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as to bark one's heel. 3. To girdle. See Girdle, v. t., 3. 4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; as, to bark the roof of a hut.\n\n1. To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; -- said of some animals, but especially of dogs. 2. To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries. They bark, and say the Scripture maketh heretics. Tyndale. Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed. Fuller.\n\nThe short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other animals.\n\n1. Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind. Byron. 2. (Naut.) A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast squarerigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.", "barley": "A valuable grain, of the family of grasses, genus Hordeum, used for food, and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and whisky. Barley bird (Zoöl.), the siskin. -- Barley sugar, sugar boiled till it is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley) and candied. -- Barley water, a decoction of barley, used in medicine, as a nutritive and demulcent.", - "barlow": null, "barmaid": "A girl or woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or beershop. A bouncing barmaid. W. Irving.", "barmaids": "A girl or woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or beershop. A bouncing barmaid. W. Irving.", "barman": null, @@ -5824,15 +4934,9 @@ "barmiest": null, "barmy": "Full of barm or froth; in a ferment. \"Barmy beer.\" Dryden.\n\nFull of barm or froth; in a ferment. \"Barmy beer.\" Dryden.", "barn": "A covered building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is often used for stables. Barn owl (Zoöl.), an owl of Europe and America (Aluco flammeus, or Strix flammea), which frequents barns and other buildings. -- Barn swallow (Zoöl.), the common American swallow (Hirundo horreorum), which attaches its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.\n\nTo lay up in a barn. [Obs.] Shak. Men . . . often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain. Fuller.\n\nA child. [Obs.] See Bairn.", - "barnabas": null, - "barnaby": null, "barnacle": "Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber, ships, etc., esp. (a) the sessile species (genus Balanus and allies), and (b) the stalked or goose barnacles (genus Lepas and allies). See Cirripedia, and Goose barnacle. Barnacle eater (Zoöl.), the orange filefish. -- Barnacle scale (Zoöl.), a bark louse (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) of the orange and quince trees in Florida. The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in form.\n\nA bernicle goose.\n\n1. pl. (Far.) An instrument for pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him. Note: [Formerly used in the sing.] The barnacles . . . give pain almost equal to that of the switch. Youatt. 2. pl. Spectacles; -- so called from their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers. [Cant, Eng.] Dickens.", "barnacled": null, "barnacles": "Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber, ships, etc., esp. (a) the sessile species (genus Balanus and allies), and (b) the stalked or goose barnacles (genus Lepas and allies). See Cirripedia, and Goose barnacle. Barnacle eater (Zoöl.), the orange filefish. -- Barnacle scale (Zoöl.), a bark louse (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) of the orange and quince trees in Florida. The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in form.\n\nA bernicle goose.\n\n1. pl. (Far.) An instrument for pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him. Note: [Formerly used in the sing.] The barnacles . . . give pain almost equal to that of the switch. Youatt. 2. pl. Spectacles; -- so called from their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers. [Cant, Eng.] Dickens.", - "barnard": null, - "barnaul": null, - "barnes": null, - "barnett": null, "barney": null, "barneys": null, "barns": "A covered building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is often used for stables. Barn owl (Zoöl.), an owl of Europe and America (Aluco flammeus, or Strix flammea), which frequents barns and other buildings. -- Barn swallow (Zoöl.), the common American swallow (Hirundo horreorum), which attaches its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.\n\nTo lay up in a barn. [Obs.] Shak. Men . . . often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain. Fuller.\n\nA child. [Obs.] See Bairn.", @@ -5842,10 +4946,8 @@ "barnstormers": "An itinerant theatrical player who plays in barns when a theatre is lacking; hence, an inferior actor, or one who plays in the country away from the larger cities. --Barn\"storm`ing, n. [Theatrical Cant]", "barnstorming": null, "barnstorms": null, - "barnum": null, "barnyard": "A yard belonging to a barn.", "barnyards": "A yard belonging to a barn.", - "baroda": null, "barometer": "An instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for ascertaining the height of any ascent. Note: The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence about 1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a graduated glass tube about 34 inches long with mercury and inverting it in a cup containing mercury. The column of mercury in the tube descends until balanced by the weight of the atmosphere, and its rise or fall under varying conditions is a measure of the change in the atmospheric pressure. At the sea level its ordinary height is about 30 inches (760 millimeters). See Sympiesometer. Nichol. Aneroid barometer. See Aneroid barometer, under Aneroid. -- Marine barometer, a barometer with tube contracted at bottom to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard. -- Mountain barometer, a portable mercurial barometer with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights. -- Siphon barometer, a barometer having a tube bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the atmosphere. -- Wheel barometer, a barometer with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a pulley and moves an index.", "barometers": "An instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for ascertaining the height of any ascent. Note: The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence about 1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a graduated glass tube about 34 inches long with mercury and inverting it in a cup containing mercury. The column of mercury in the tube descends until balanced by the weight of the atmosphere, and its rise or fall under varying conditions is a measure of the change in the atmospheric pressure. At the sea level its ordinary height is about 30 inches (760 millimeters). See Sympiesometer. Nichol. Aneroid barometer. See Aneroid barometer, under Aneroid. -- Marine barometer, a barometer with tube contracted at bottom to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard. -- Mountain barometer, a portable mercurial barometer with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights. -- Siphon barometer, a barometer having a tube bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the atmosphere. -- Wheel barometer, a barometer with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a pulley and moves an index.", "barometric": "Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a barometer; as, barometric changes; barometrical observations.", @@ -5864,8 +4966,6 @@ "barons": "1. A title or degree of nobility; originally, the possessor of a fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern times, in France and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a count; in England, a nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of Lords, being next below a viscount. Note: \"The tenants in chief from the Crown, who held lands of the annual value of four hundred pounds, were styled Barons; and it is to them, and not to the members of the lowest grade of the nobility (to whom the title at the present time belongs), that reference is made when we read of the Barons of the early days of England's history . . . . Barons are addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right Honorable.' All their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'\" Cussans. 2. (Old Law) A husband; as, baron and feme, husband and wife. [R.] Cowell. Baron of beef, two sirloins not cut asunder at the backbone. -- Barons of the Cinque Ports, formerly members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port. -- Baron of the exchequer, the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one of the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.", "barony": "1. The fee or domain of a baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a baron. 2. In Ireland, a territorial division, corresponding nearly to the English hundred, and supposed to have been originally the district of a native chief. There are 252 of these baronies. In Scotland, an extensive freehold. It may be held by a commoner. Brande & C.", "baroque": "In bad taste; grotesque; odd.", - "barquisimeto": null, - "barr": null, "barrack": "1. (Mil.) A building for soldiers, especially when in garrison. Commonly in the pl., originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually applied to a permanent structure or set of buildings. He lodged in a miserable hut or barrack, composed of dry branches and thatched with straw. Gibbon. 2. A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover hay, straw, etc. [Local, U.S.]\n\nTo supply with barracks; to establish in barracks; as, to barrack troops.\n\nTo live or lodge in barracks.", "barracked": null, "barracking": null, @@ -5876,7 +4976,6 @@ "barraged": null, "barrages": "An artificial bar or obstruction placed in a river or water course to increase the depth of water; as, the barrages of the Nile.", "barraging": null, - "barranquilla": null, "barre": null, "barred": null, "barrel": "1. A round vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends or heads. 2. The quantity which constitutes a full barrel. This varies for different articles and also in different places for the same article, being regulated by custom or by law. A barrel of wine is 31 3. A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case; as, the barrel of a windlass; the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled. 4. A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged. Knight. 5. A jar. [Obs.] 1 Kings xvii. 12. 6. (Zoöl.) The hollow basal part of a feather. Barrel bulk (Com.), a measure equal to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of a vessel for freight. -- Barrel drain (Arch.), a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube. -- Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part of a boiler, containing the flues. -- Barrel of the ear (Anat.), the tympanum, or tympanic cavity. -- Barrel organ, an instrument for producing music by the action of a revolving cylinder. -- Barrel vault. See under Vault.\n\nTo put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.", @@ -5888,16 +4987,13 @@ "barrenest": null, "barrenness": "The condition of being barren; sterility; unproductiveness. A total barrenness of invention. Dryden.", "barrens": "1. Incapable of producing offspring; producing no young; sterile; -- She was barren of children. Bp. Hall. 2. Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation; \"Barren mountain tracts.\" Macaulay. 3. Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable; empty. Brilliant but barren reveries. Prescott. Some schemes will appear barren of hints and matter. Swift. 4. Mentally dull; stupid. Shak. Barren flower, a flower which has only stamens without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor pistils. -- Barren Grounds (Geog.), a vast tract in British America northward of the forest regions. -- Barren Ground bear (Zoöl.), a peculiar bear, inhabiting the Barren Grounds, now believed to be a variety of the brown bear of Europe. -- Barren Ground caribou (Zoöl.), a small reindeer (Rangifer Groenlandicus) peculiar to the Barren Grounds and Greenland.\n\n1. A tract of barren land. 2. pl. Elevated lands or plains on which grow small trees, but not timber; as, pine barrens; oak barrens. They are not necessarily sterile, and are often fertile. [Amer.] J. Pickering.", - "barrera": null, "barres": null, - "barrett": null, "barrette": null, "barrettes": null, "barricade": "1. (Mil.) A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access. 2. Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense. Such a barricade as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop, the currents of the atmosphere. Derham.\n\nTo fortify or close with a barricade or with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; as, the workmen barricaded the streets of Paris. The further end whereof [a bridge] was barricaded with barrels. Hakluyt.", "barricaded": null, "barricades": "1. (Mil.) A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access. 2. Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense. Such a barricade as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop, the currents of the atmosphere. Derham.\n\nTo fortify or close with a barricade or with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; as, the workmen barricaded the streets of Paris. The further end whereof [a bridge] was barricaded with barrels. Hakluyt.", "barricading": null, - "barrie": null, "barrier": "1. (Fort.) A carpentry obstruction, stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an enemy. 2. A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of a country, commanding an avenue of approach. 3. pl. A fence or railing to mark the limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd. No sooner were the barriers opened, than he paced into the lists. Sir W. Scott. 4. An any obstruction; anything which hinders approach or attack. \"Constitutional barriers.\" Hopkinson. 5. Any limit or boundary; a line of separation. 'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice barrier ! Pope. Barrier gate, a heavy gate to close the opening through a barrier. -- Barrier reef, a form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive. -- To fight at barriers, to fight with a barrier between, as a martial exercise. [Obs.]", "barriers": "1. (Fort.) A carpentry obstruction, stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an enemy. 2. A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of a country, commanding an avenue of approach. 3. pl. A fence or railing to mark the limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd. No sooner were the barriers opened, than he paced into the lists. Sir W. Scott. 4. An any obstruction; anything which hinders approach or attack. \"Constitutional barriers.\" Hopkinson. 5. Any limit or boundary; a line of separation. 'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice barrier ! Pope. Barrier gate, a heavy gate to close the opening through a barrier. -- Barrier reef, a form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive. -- To fight at barriers, to fight with a barrier between, as a martial exercise. [Obs.]", "barring": null, @@ -5906,15 +5002,11 @@ "barrios": "In Spain and countries colonized by Spain, a village, ward, or district outside a town or city to whose jurisdiction it belongs.", "barrister": "Counselor at law; a counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor. See Attorney. [Eng.]", "barristers": "Counselor at law; a counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor. See Attorney. [Eng.]", - "barron": null, "barroom": "A room containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.", "barrooms": "A room containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.", "barrow": "1. A support having handles, and with or without a wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand. See Handbarrow, and Wheelbarrow. 2. (Salt Works) A wicker case, in which salt is put to drain.\n\nA hog, esp. a male hog castrated. Holland.\n\n1. A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a tumulus. 2. (Mining) A heap of rubbish, attle, etc.", "barrows": "1. A support having handles, and with or without a wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand. See Handbarrow, and Wheelbarrow. 2. (Salt Works) A wicker case, in which salt is put to drain.\n\nA hog, esp. a male hog castrated. Holland.\n\n1. A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a tumulus. 2. (Mining) A heap of rubbish, attle, etc.", - "barry": ", Divided into bars; -- said of the field.", - "barrymore": null, "bars": "1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door. Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood. Ex. xxvi. 26. 2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a bar of gold or of lead; a bar of soap. 3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier. Must I new bars to my own joy create Dryden. 4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation. 5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; as, the bar of the House of Commons. 6. (Law) (a) The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase at the bar of the court signifies in open court. (b) The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence. (c) The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the legal profession. (d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's action. 7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of God. 8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept. 9. (Her.) An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field. 10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a bar of color. 11. (Mus.) A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called measures. Note: A double bar marks the end of a strain or main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term bar is very often loosely used for measure, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight bars; two bars' rest. 12. (Far.) pl. (a) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed. (b) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of the sole. 13. (Mining) (a) A drilling or tamping rod. (b) A vein or dike crossing a lode. 14. (Arch.) (a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town. (b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar. Bar shoe (Far.), a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury. -- Bar shot, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat. -- Bar sinister (Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used for baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton. -- Bar tracery (Arch.), ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required. -- Blank bar (Law). See Blank. -- Case at bar (Law), a case presently before the court; a case under argument. -- In bar of, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent. -- Matter in bar, or Defence in bar, a plea which is a final defense in an action. -- Plea in bar, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely. -- Trial at bar (Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court.\n\n1. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate. 2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; as, to bar the entrance of evil; distance bars our intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is barred by time; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery; -- sometimes with up. He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to bar it in its dungeon. Hawthorne. 3. To except; to exclude by exception. Nay, but I bar to-night: you shall not gauge me By what we do to- night. Shak. 4. To cross with one or more stripes or lines. For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have barred them singly. Burney.", - "bart": null, "bartender": "A barkeeper.", "bartenders": "A barkeeper.", "barter": "To traffic or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a sale and purchase, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.\n\nTo trade or exchange in the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy consideration); to traffic; to truck; -- sometimes followed by away; as, to barter away goods or honor.\n\n1. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange of goods. The spirit of huckstering and barter. Burke. 2. The thing given in exchange. Syn. -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.", @@ -5923,17 +5015,8 @@ "barterers": "One who barters.", "bartering": null, "barters": "To traffic or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a sale and purchase, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.\n\nTo trade or exchange in the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy consideration); to traffic; to truck; -- sometimes followed by away; as, to barter away goods or honor.\n\n1. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange of goods. The spirit of huckstering and barter. Burke. 2. The thing given in exchange. Syn. -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.", - "barth": "A place of shelter for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "barthes": null, - "bartholdi": null, - "bartholomew": null, - "bartlett": "A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated in England about 1770, and was called Williams' Bonchrétien. It was brought to America, and distributed by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of Dorchester, Massachusetts.", - "bartok": null, - "barton": "1. The demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself. [Eng.] Burton. 2. A farmyard. [Eng.] Southey.", - "baruch": null, "baryon": null, "baryons": null, - "baryshnikov": null, "basal": "Relating to, or forming, the base. Basal cleavage. See under Cleavage. -- Basal plane (Crystallog.), one parallel to the lateral or horizontal axis.", "basally": null, "basalt": "1. (Geol.) A rock of igneous origin, consisting of augite and triclinic feldspar, with grains of magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottle- green particles of olivine frequently disseminated. Note: It is usually of a greenish black color, or of some dull brown shade, or black. It constitutes immense beds in some regions, and also occurs in veins or dikes cutting through other rocks. It has often a prismatic structure as at the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland, where the columns are as regular as if the work of art. It is a very tough and heavy rock, and is one of the best materials for macadamizing roads. 2. An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a kind of black porcelain.", @@ -5944,7 +5027,6 @@ "baseboard": "A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; -- also called washboard (in England), mopboard, and scrubboard.", "baseboards": "A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; -- also called washboard (in England), mopboard, and scrubboard.", "based": "1. Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based. 2. Etym: [See Base, n., 18-21.] Wearing, or protected by, bases. [Obs.] \"Based in lawny velvet.\" E. Hall. BASEDOW'S DISEASE Ba\"se*dow's dis*ease\". Etym: [Named for Dr. Basedow, a German physician.] (Med.) A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart; -- called also exophthalmic goiter. Flint.", - "basel": null, "baseless": "Without a base; having no foundation or support. \"The baseless fabric of this vision.\" Shak.", "baseline": null, "baselines": null, @@ -5964,11 +5046,9 @@ "bashfully": "In a bashful manner.", "bashfulness": "The quality of being bashful. Syn. -- Bashfulness, Modesty, Diffidence, Shyness. Modesty arises from a low estimate of ourselves; bashfulness is an abashment or agitation of the spirits at coming into contact with others; diffidence is produced by an undue degree of self-distrust; shyness usually arises from an excessive self-consciousness, and a painful impression that every one is looking at us. Modesty of deportment is becoming at all; bashfulness often gives rise to mistakes and blundering; diffidence is society frequently makes a man a burden to himself; shyness usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken for haughtiness.", "bashing": null, - "basho": null, "basic": "1. (Chem.) (a) Relating to a base; performing the office of a base in a salt. (b) Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in proportion that of the related neutral salt. (c) Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit alkaline reactions with test paper. 2. (Min.) Said of crystalline rocks which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as basalt. Basic salt (Chem.), a salt formed from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical.", "basically": null, "basics": "1. (Chem.) (a) Relating to a base; performing the office of a base in a salt. (b) Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in proportion that of the related neutral salt. (c) Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit alkaline reactions with test paper. 2. (Min.) Said of crystalline rocks which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as basalt. Basic salt (Chem.), a salt formed from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical.", - "basie": null, "basil": "The slope or angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a plane, is ground. Grier.\n\nTo grind or form the edge of to an angle. Moxon.\n\nThe name given to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the common or sweet basil (Ocymum basilicum), and the bush basil, or lesser basil (O. minimum), the leaves of which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several kinds of mountain mint (Pycnanthemum). Basil thyme, a name given to the fragrant herbs Calamintha Acinos and C. Nepeta. -- Wild basil, a plant (Calamintha clinopodium) of the Mint family.\n\nThe skin of a sheep tanned with bark.", "basilica": "Originally, the place of a king; but afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice; and hence, any large hall used for this purpose. 2. (Arch.) (a) A building used by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms, etc., attached. (b) A church building of the earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to some churches by way of honorary distinction.\n\nA digest of the laws of Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by order of Basil I., in the ninth century. P. Cyc.", "basilicas": "Originally, the place of a king; but afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice; and hence, any large hall used for this purpose. 2. (Arch.) (a) A building used by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms, etc., attached. (b) A church building of the earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to some churches by way of honorary distinction.\n\nA digest of the laws of Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by order of Basil I., in the ninth century. P. Cyc.", @@ -5992,11 +5072,9 @@ "basks": "To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. Basks in the glare, and stems the tepid wave. Goldsmith.\n\nTo warm by continued exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat. Basks at the fire his hairy strength. Milton.", "basque": "Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.\n\n1. One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a region on the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France. 2. The language spoken by the Basque people. 3. A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket with a short skirt; -- probably so called because this fashion of dress came from the Basques.", "basques": "Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.\n\n1. One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a region on the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France. 2. The language spoken by the Basque people. 3. A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket with a short skirt; -- probably so called because this fashion of dress came from the Basques.", - "basra": null, "bass": "; pl. Bass, and sometimes Basses. Etym: [A corruption of barse.] (Zoöl.) 1. An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera Roccus, Labrax, and related genera. There are many species. Note: The common European bass is Labrax lupus. American species are: the striped bass (Roccus lineatus); white or silver bass of the lakes. (R. chrysops); brass or yellow bass (R. interruptus). 2. The two American fresh-water species of black bass (genus Micropterus). See Black bass. 3. Species of Serranus, the sea bass and rock bass. See Sea bass. 4. The southern, red, or channel bass (Sciæna ocellata). See Redfish. Note: The name is also applied to many other fishes. See Calico bass, under Calico.\n\n1. (Bot.) The linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called whitewood; also, its bark, which is used for making mats. See Bast. 2. (Pron. A hassock or thick mat.\n\n1. A bass, or deep, sound or tone. 2. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part in a musical composition. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, bass. [Written also base.] Thorough bass. See Thorough bass.\n\nDeep or grave in tone. Bass clef (Mus.), the character placed at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of a musical composition. [See Illust. under Clef.] -- Bass voice, a deepsounding voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.\n\nTo sound in a deep tone. [R.] Shak.", "basses": null, "basset": "A game at cards, resembling the modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice. Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget Your piquet parties, and your dear basset. Rowe.\n\nInclined upward; as, the basset edge of strata. Lyell.\n\nThe edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the outcrop.\n\nTo inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out; as, a vein of coal bassets.", - "basseterre": null, "bassets": "A game at cards, resembling the modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice. Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget Your piquet parties, and your dear basset. Rowe.\n\nInclined upward; as, the basset edge of strata. Lyell.\n\nThe edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the outcrop.\n\nTo inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out; as, a vein of coal bassets.", "bassinet": "1. A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in which young children are placed as in a cradle. 2. See Bascinet. Lord Lytton.", "bassinets": "1. A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in which young children are placed as in a cradle. 2. See Bascinet. Lord Lytton.", @@ -6025,13 +5103,10 @@ "baster": null, "basters": null, "bastes": "1. To beat with a stick; to cudgel. One man was basted by the keeper for carrying some people over on his back through the waters. Pepys. 2. (Cookery) To sprinkle flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting. 3. To mark with tar, as sheep. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo sew loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the work may be held in position until sewed more firmly. Shak.", - "bastille": "1. (Feud. Fort.) A tower or an elevated work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified place. The high bastiles . . . which overtopped the walls. Holland. 2. \"The Bastille\", formerly a castle or fortress in Paris, used as a prison, especially for political offenders; hence, a rhetorical name for a prison.", "basting": null, "bastion": "A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two adjacent bastions are connected by the curtain, which joins the flank of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a bastion is called the gorge. A lunette is a detached bastion. See Ravelin.", "bastions": "A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two adjacent bastions are connected by the curtain, which joins the flank of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a bastion is called the gorge. A lunette is a detached bastion. See Ravelin.", - "basutoland": null, "bat": "1. A large stick; a club; specifically, a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other, used in playing baseball, cricket, etc. 2. (Mining) Shale or bituminous shale. Kirwan. 3. A sheet of cotton used for filling quilts or comfortables; batting. 4. A part of a brick with one whole end. Bat bolt (Machinery), a bolt barbed or jagged at its butt or tang to make it hold the more firmly. Knight.\n\nTo strike or hit with a bat or a pole; to cudgel; to beat. Holland.\n\nTo use a bat, as in a game of baseball.\n\nOne of the Cheiroptera, an order of flying mammals, in which the wings are formed by a membrane stretched between the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. The common bats are small and insectivorous. See Cheiroptera and Vampire. Bat tick (Zoöl.), a wingless, dipterous insect of the genus Nycteribia, parasitic on bats.", - "bataan": null, "batch": "1. The quantity of bread baked at one time. 2. A quantity of anything produced at one operation; a group or collection of persons or things of the same kind; as, a batch of letters; the next batch of business. \"A new batch of Lords.\" Lady M. W. Montagu.", "batched": null, "batches": null, @@ -6057,7 +5132,6 @@ "bathroom": null, "bathrooms": null, "baths": "1. The act of exposing the body, or part of the body, for purposes of cleanliness, comfort, health, etc., to water, vapor, hot air, or the like; as, a cold or a hot bath; a medicated bath; a steam bath; a hip bath. 2. Water or other liquid for bathing. 3. A receptacle or place where persons may immerse or wash their bodies in water. 4. A building containing an apartment or a series of apartments arranged for bathing. Among the ancients, the public baths were of amazing extent and magnificence. Gwilt. 5. (Chem.) A medium, as heated sand, ashes, steam, hot air, through which heat is applied to a body. 6. (Photog.) A solution in which plates or prints are immersed; also, the receptacle holding the solution. Note: Bath is used adjectively or in combination, in an obvious sense of or for baths or bathing; as, bathroom, bath tub, bath keeper. Douche bath. See Douche. -- Order of the Bath, a high order of British knighthood, composed of three classes, viz., knights grand cross, knights commanders, and knights companions, abbreviated thus: G. C. B., K. C. B., K. B. -- Russian bath, a kind of vapor bath which consists in a prolonged exposure of the body to the influence of the steam of water, followed by washings and shampooings. -- Turkish bath, a kind of bath in which a profuse perspiration is produced by hot air, after which the body is washed and shampooed. -- Bath house, a house used for the purpose of bathing; -- also a small house, near a bathing place, where a bather undresses and dresses.\n\nA Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or five gallons and three pints, as a measure for liquids; and two pecks and five quarts, as a dry measure.\n\nA city in the west of England, resorted to for its hot springs, which has given its name to various objects. Bath brick, a preparation of calcareous earth, in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives, polished metal, etc. -- Bath chair, a kind of chair on wheels, as used by invalids at Bath. \"People walked out, or drove out, or were pushed out in their Bath chairs.\" Dickens. -- Bath metal, an alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc and one pound of copper. -- Bath note, a folded writing paper, 8 1/2 by 14 inches. -- Bath stone, a species of limestone (oölite) found near Bath, used for building.", - "bathsheba": null, "bathtub": null, "bathtubs": null, "bathwater": null, @@ -6068,7 +5142,6 @@ "batik": null, "batiks": null, "bating": "With the exception of; excepting. We have little reason to think that they bring many ideas with them, bating some faint ideas of hunger and thirst. Locke.", - "batista": null, "batiste": "Originally, cambric or lawn of fine linen; now applied also to cloth of similar texture made of cotton.", "batman": "A weight used in the East, varying according to the locality; in Turkey, the greater batman is about 157 pounds, the lesser only a fourth of this; at Aleppo and Smyrna, the batman is 17 pounds. Simmonds.\n\nA man who has charge of a bathorse and his load. Macaulay.", "batmen": null, @@ -6118,20 +5191,11 @@ "battleships": null, "battling": null, "batty": "Belonging to, or resembling, a bat. \"Batty wings.\" Shak.", - "batu": null, "bauble": "1. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which is gay and showy without real value; a cheap, showy plaything. The ineffective bauble of an Indian pagod. Sheridan. 2. The fool's club. [Obs.] \"A fool's bauble was a short stick with a head ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it.\" Nares.", "baubles": "1. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which is gay and showy without real value; a cheap, showy plaything. The ineffective bauble of an Indian pagod. Sheridan. 2. The fool's club. [Obs.] \"A fool's bauble was a short stick with a head ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it.\" Nares.", "baud": null, - "baudelaire": null, - "baudouin": null, - "baudrillard": null, "bauds": null, - "bauer": null, - "bauhaus": null, - "baum": null, "bauxite": "A ferruginous hydrate of alumina. It is largely used in the preparation of aluminium and alumina, and for the lining of furnaces which are exposed to intense heat.", - "bavaria": null, - "bavarian": "Of or pertaining to Bavaria. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Bavaria. Bavarian cream. See under Cream.", "bawd": "A person who keeps a house of prostitution, or procures women for a lewd purpose; a procurer or procuress; a lewd person; -- usually applied to a woman.\n\nTo procure women for lewd purposes.", "bawdier": null, "bawdiest": null, @@ -6143,42 +5207,25 @@ "bawled": null, "bawling": null, "bawls": "1. To cry out with a loud, full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in calling or exultation; to shout; to vociferate. 2. To cry loudly, as a child from pain or vexation.\n\nTo proclaim with a loud voice, or by outcry, as a hawker or town-crier does. Swift.\n\nA loud, prolonged cry; an outcry.", - "baxter": "A baker; originally, a female baker. [Old Eng. & Scotch]", "bay": "Reddish brown; of the color of a chestnut; -- applied to the color of horses. Bay cat (Zoöl.), a wild cat of Africa and the East Indies (Felis aurata). -- Bay lynx (Zoöl.), the common American lynx (Felis, or Lynx, rufa).\n\n1. (Geol.) An inlet of the sea, usually smaller than a gulf, but of the same general character. Note: The name is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve; as, Hudson's Bay. The name is not restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but is used foe any recess or inlet between capes or headlands; as, the Bay of Biscay. 2. A small body of water set off from the main body; as a compartment containing water for a wheel; the portion of a canal just outside of the gates of a lock, etc. 3. A recess or indentation shaped like a bay. 4. A principal compartment of the walls, roof, or other part of a building, or of the whole building, as marked off by the buttresses, vaulting, mullions of a window, etc.; one of the main divisions of any structure, as the part of a bridge between two piers. 5. A compartment in a barn, for depositing hay, or grain in the stalks. 6. A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeachy Bay. Sick bay, in vessels of war, that part of a deck appropriated to the use of the sick. Totten.\n\n1. A berry, particularly of the laurel. [Obs.] 2. The laurel tree (Laurus nobilis). Hence, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown bestowed as a prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel. The patriot's honors and the poet's bays. Trumbull. 3. A tract covered with bay trees. [Local, U. S.] Bay leaf, the leaf of the bay tree (Laurus nobilis). It has a fragrant odor and an aromatic taste.\n\nTo bark, as a dog with a deep voice does, at his game. The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely bayed. Dryden.\n\nTo bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay; as, to bay the bear. Shak.\n\n1. Deep-toned, prolonged barking. \"The bay of curs.\" Cowper. 2. Etym: [OE. bay, abay, OF. abai, F. aboi barking, pl. abois, prop. the extremity to which the stag is reduced when surrounded by the dogs, barking (aboyant); aux abois at bay.] A state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty, when escape has become impossible. Embolden'd by despair, he stood at bay. Dryden. The most terrible evils are just kept at bay by incessant efforts. I. Taylor\n\nTo bathe. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA bank or dam to keep back water.\n\nTo dam, as water; -- with up or back.", - "bayamon": null, "bayberries": null, "bayberry": "(a) The fruit of the bay tree or Laurus nobilis. (b) A tree of the West Indies related to the myrtle (Pimenta acris). (c) The fruit of Myrica cerifera (wax myrtle); the shrub itself; -- called also candleberry tree. Bayberry tallow, a fragrant green wax obtained from the bayberry or wax myrtle; -- called also myrtle wax.", "bayed": "Having a bay or bays. \"The large bayed barn.\" Drayton.", - "bayer": null, - "bayes": null, - "bayesian": null, - "bayeux": null, "baying": null, - "baylor": null, "bayonet": "1. (Mil.) A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offense and defense. Note: Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which required to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired. 2. (Mach.) A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery. Bayonet clutch. See Clutch. -- Bayonet joint, a form of coupling similar to that by which a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket. Knight.\n\n1. To stab with a bayonet. 2. To compel or drive by the bayonet. To bayonet us into submission. Burke.", "bayoneted": null, "bayoneting": null, "bayonets": "1. (Mil.) A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offense and defense. Note: Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which required to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired. 2. (Mach.) A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery. Bayonet clutch. See Clutch. -- Bayonet joint, a form of coupling similar to that by which a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket. Knight.\n\n1. To stab with a bayonet. 2. To compel or drive by the bayonet. To bayonet us into submission. Burke.", - "bayonne": null, "bayou": "An inlet from the Gulf of Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish, sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and wind. [Southern U. S.] A dark slender thread of a bayou moves loiteringly northeastward into a swamp of huge cypresses. G. W. Cable.", "bayous": "An inlet from the Gulf of Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish, sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and wind. [Southern U. S.] A dark slender thread of a bayou moves loiteringly northeastward into a swamp of huge cypresses. G. W. Cable.", - "bayreuth": null, "bays": "See Baize. [Obs.]", - "baywatch": null, "bazaar": "1. In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or assemblage of shops where goods are exposed for sale. 2. A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods, as at a fair. 3. A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc., commonly for a charitable objects. Macaulay.", "bazaars": "1. In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or assemblage of shops where goods are exposed for sale. 2. A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods, as at a fair. 3. A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc., commonly for a charitable objects. Macaulay.", "bazillion": null, "bazillions": null, "bazooka": null, "bazookas": null, - "bb": null, - "bbb": null, - "bbc": null, "bbl": null, - "bbq": null, - "bbs": null, - "bbses": null, - "bc": null, "bdrm": null, "be": "1. To exist actually, or in the world of fact; to have ex To be contents his natural desire. Pope. To be, or not to be: that is the question. Shak. 2. To exist in a certain manner or relation, -- whether as a reality or as a product of thought; to exist as the subject of a certain predicate, that is, as having a certain attribute, or as belonging to a certain sort, or as identical with what is specified, -- a word or words for the predicate being annexed; as, to be happy; to be here; to be large, or strong; to be an animal; to be a hero; to be a nonentity; three and two are five; annihilation is the cessation of existence; that is the man. 3. To take place; to happen; as, the meeting was on Thursday. 4. To signify; to represent or symbolize; to answer to. The field is the world. Matt. xiii. 38. The seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches. Rev. i. 20. Note: The verb to be (including the forms is, was, etc.) is used in forming the passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James. It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive verbs to express a state of the subject. But have is now more commonly used as the auxiliary, though expressing a different sense; as, \"Ye have come too late -- but ye are come. \" \"The minstrel boy to the war is gone.\" The present and imperfect tenses form, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which expresses necessity, duty, or purpose; as, government is to be supported; we are to pay our just debts; the deed is to be signed to-morrow. Note: Have or had been, followed by to, implies movement. \"I have been to Paris.\" Sydney Smith. \"Have you been to Franchard \" R. L. Stevenson. Note: Been, or ben, was anciently the plural of the indicative present. \"Ye ben light of the world.\" Wyclif, Matt. v. 14. Afterwards be was used, as in our Bible: \"They that be with us are more than they that be with them.\" 2 Kings vi. 16. Ben was also the old infinitive: \"To ben of such power.\" R. of Gloucester. Be is used as a form of the present subjunctive: \"But if it be a question of words and names.\" Acts xviii. 15. But the indicative forms, is and are, with if, are more commonly used. Be it so, a phrase of supposition, equivalent to suppose it to be so; or of permission, signifying let it be so. Shak. -- If so be, in case. -- To be from, to have come from; as, from what place are you I am from Chicago. -- To let be, to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. \"Let be, therefore, my vengeance to dissuade.\" Spenser. Syn. -- To be, Exist. The verb to be, except in a few rare case, like that of Shakespeare's \"To be, or not to be\", is used simply as a copula, to connect a subject with its predicate; as, man is mortal; the soul is immortal. The verb to exist is never properly used as a mere copula, but points to things that stand forth, or have a substantive being; as, when the soul is freed from all corporeal alliance, then it truly exists. It is not, therefore, properly synonymous with to be when used as a copula, though occasionally made so by some writers for the sake of variety; as in the phrase \"there exists [is] no reason for laying new taxes.\" We may, indeed, say, \"a friendship has long existed between them,\" instead of saying, \"there has long been a friendship between them;\" but in this case, exist is not a mere copula. It is used in its appropriate sense to mark the friendship as having been long in existence.\n\nA prefix, originally the same word as by; joined with verbs, it serves: (a) To intensify the meaning; as, bespatter, bestir. (b) To render an intransitive verb transitive; as, befall (to fall upon); bespeak (to speak for). (c) To make the action of a verb particular or definite; as, beget (to get as offspring); beset (to set around). Note: It is joined with certain substantives, and a few adjectives, to form verbs; as, bedew, befriend, benight, besot; belate (to make late); belittle (to make little). It also occurs in certain nouns, adverbs, and prepositions, often with something of the force of the preposition by, or about; as, belief (believe), behalf, bequest (bequeath); because, before, beneath, beside, between. In some words the original force of be is obscured or lost; as, in become, begin, behave, behoove, belong.", "beach": "1. Pebbles, collectively; shingle. 2. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is washed by the waves; especially, a sandy or pebbly shore; the strand. Beach flea (Zoöl.), the common name of many species of amphipod Crustacea, of the family Orchestidæ, living on the sea beaches, and leaping like fleas. -- Beach grass (Bot.), a coarse grass (Ammophila arundinacea), growing on the sandy shores of lakes and seas, which, by its interlaced running rootstocks, binds the sand together, and resists the encroachment of the waves. -- Beach wagon, a light open wagon with two or more seats. -- Raised beach, an accumulation of water-worn stones, gravel, sand, and other shore deposits, above the present level of wave action, whether actually raised by elevation of the coast, as in Norway, or left by the receding waters, as in many lake and river regions.\n\nTo run or drive (as a vessel or a boat) upon a beach; to strand; as, to beach a ship.", @@ -6236,9 +5283,7 @@ "bearded": "Having a beard. \"Bearded fellow.\" Shak. \"Bearded grain.\" Dryden. Bearded vulture, Bearded eagle. (Zoöl.) See Lammergeir. -- Bearded tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Matamata.", "bearding": null, "beardless": "1. Without a beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood; youthful. 2. Destitute of an awn; as, beardless wheat.", - "beardmore": null, "beards": "1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the human face, chiefly of male adults. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The long hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat. (b) The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some birds (c) The appendages to the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or jaws of some fishes. (d) The byssus of certain shellfish, as the muscle. (e) The gills of some bivalves, as the oyster. (f) In insects, the hairs of the labial palpi of moths and butterflies. 3. (Bot.) Long or stiff hairs on a plant; the awn; as, the beard of grain. 4. A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other instrument, projecting backward to prevent the head from being easily drawn out. 5. That part of the under side of a horse's lower jaw which is above the chin, and bears the curb of a bridle. 6. (Print.) That part of a type which is between the shoulder of the shank and the face. 7. An imposition; a trick. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beard grass (Bot.), a coarse, perennial grass of different species of the genus Andropogon. -- To one's beard, to one's face; in open defiance.\n\n1. To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a man), in anger or contempt. 2. To oppose to the gills; to set at defiance. No admiral, bearded by three corrupt and dissolute minions of the palace, dared to do more than mutter something about a court martial. Macaulay. 3. To deprive of the gills; -- used only of oysters and similar shellfish.", - "beardsley": null, "bearer": "1. One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries. \"Bearers of burdens.\" 2 Chron. ii. 18. \"The bearer of unhappy news.\" Dryden. 2. Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body to the grave; a pallbearer. Milton. 3. A palanquin carrier; also, a house servant. [India] 4. A tree or plant yielding fruit; as, a good bearer. 5. (Com.) One who holds a check, note, draft, or other order for the payment of money; as, pay to bearer. 6. (Print.) A strip of reglet or other furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a type or type-high piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to support the plate when it is shaved.", "bearers": "1. One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries. \"Bearers of burdens.\" 2 Chron. ii. 18. \"The bearer of unhappy news.\" Dryden. 2. Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body to the grave; a pallbearer. Milton. 3. A palanquin carrier; also, a house servant. [India] 4. A tree or plant yielding fruit; as, a good bearer. 5. (Com.) One who holds a check, note, draft, or other order for the payment of money; as, pay to bearer. 6. (Print.) A strip of reglet or other furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a type or type-high piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to support the plate when it is shaved.", "bearing": "1. The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien; behavior; carriage. I know him by his bearing. Shak. 2. Patient endurance; suffering without complaint. 3. The situation of one object, with respect to another, such situation being supposed to have a connection with the object, or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it; hence, relation; connection. But of this frame, the bearings and the ties, The strong connections, nice dependencies. Pope. 4. Purport; meaning; intended significance; aspect. 5. The act, power, or time of producing or giving birth; as, a tree in full bearing; a tree past bearing. [His mother] in travail of his bearing. R. of Gloucester. 6. (Arch.) (a) That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports; as, a lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the wall. (b) The portion of a support on which anything rests. (c) Improperly, the unsupported span; as, the beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports. 7. (Mach.) (a) The part of an axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar, or boxing; the journal. (b) The part of the support on which a journal rests and rotates. 8. (Her.) Any single emblem or charge in an escutcheon or coat of arms -- commonly in the pl. A carriage covered with armorial bearings. Thackeray. 9. (Naut.) (a) The situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or point of the compass in which an object is seen; as, the bearing of the cape was W. N. W. (b) pl. The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer. (c) pl. The line of flotation of a vessel when properly trimmed with cargo or ballast. Ball bearings. See under Ball. -- To bring one to his bearings, to bring one to his senses. -- To lose one's bearings, to become bewildered. -- To take bearings, to ascertain by the compass the position of an object; to ascertain the relation of one object or place to another; to ascertain one's position by reference to landmarks or to the compass; hence (Fig.), to ascertain the condition of things when one is in trouble or perplexity. Syn. -- Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner; carriage; demeanor; port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency; influence.", @@ -6247,11 +5292,9 @@ "bearishly": null, "bearishness": "Behavior like that of a bear.", "bearlike": null, - "bearnaise": null, "bears": "1. To support or sustain; to hold up. 2. To support and remove or carry; to convey. I 'll bear your logs the while. Shak. 3. To conduct; to bring; -- said of persons. [Obs.] Bear them to my house. Shak. 4. To possess and use, as power; to exercise. Every man should bear rule in his own house. Esther i. 22. 5. To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or as a mark), as, the tablet bears this inscription. 6. To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or distinction; to wear; as, to bear a sword, badge, or name. 7. To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the mind; to entertain; to harbor Dryden. The ancient grudge I bear him. Shak. 8. To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to suffer. Should such a man, too fond to rule alone, Bear, like the Turk, no brother near the throne. Pope. I cannot bear The murmur of this lake to hear. Shelley. My punishment is greater than I can bear. Gen. iv. 13. 9. To gain or win. [Obs.] Some think to bear it by speaking a great word. Bacon. She was . . . found not guilty, through bearing of friends and bribing of the judge. Latimer. 10. To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame, expense, responsibility, etc. He shall bear their iniquities. Is. liii. 11. Somewhat that will bear your charges. Dryden. 11. To render or give; to bring forward. \"Your testimony bear\" Dryden. 12. To carry on, or maintain; to have. \"The credit of bearing a part in the conversation.\" Locke. 13. To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change. In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should be put on words that they can possibly bear. Swift. 14. To manage, wield, or direct. \"Thus must thou thy body bear.\" Shak. Hence: To behave; to conduct. Hath he borne himself penitently in prison Shak. 15. To afford; to be to ; to supply with. bear him company. Pope. 16. To bring forth or produce; to yield; as, to bear apples; to bear children; to bear interest. Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore. Dryden. Note: In the passive form of this verb, the best modern usage restricts the past participle born to the sense of brought forth, while borne is used in the other senses of the word. In the active form, borne alone is used as the past participle. To bear down. (a) To force into a lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink. \"His nose, . . . large as were the others, bore them down into insignificance.\" Marryat. (b) To overthrow or crush by force; as, to bear down an enemy. -- To bear a hand. (a) To help; to give assistance. (b) (Naut.) To make haste; to be quick. -- To bear in hand, to keep (one) up in expectation, usually by promises never to be realized; to amuse by false pretenses; to delude. [Obs.] \"How you were borne in hand, how crossed.\" Shak. -- To bear in mind, to remember. -- To bear off. (a) To restrain; to keep from approach. (b) (Naut.) To remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to bear off a blow; to bear off a boat. (c) To gain; to carry off, as a prize. -- To bear one hard, to owe one a grudge. [Obs.] \"Cæsar doth bear me hard.\" Shak. -- To bear out. (a) To maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last. \"Company only can bear a man out in an ill thing.\" South. (b) To corroborate; to confirm. -- To bear up, to support; to keep from falling or sinking. \"Religious hope bears up the mind under sufferings.\" Addison. Syn. -- To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo; suffer; endure; tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft.\n\n1. To produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to barrenness. This age to blossom, and the next to bear. Dryden. 2. To suffer, as in carrying a burden. But man is born to bear. Pope. 3. To endure with patience; to be patient. I can not, can not bear. Dryden. 4. To press; -- with on or upon, or against. These men bear hard on the suspected party. Addison. 5. To take effect; to have influence or force; as, to bring matters to bear. 6. To relate or refer; -- with on or upon; as, how does this bear on the question 7. To have a certain meaning, intent, or effect. Her sentence bore that she should stand a certain time upon the platform. Hawthorne. 8. To be situated, as to the point of compass, with respect to something else; as, the land bears N. by E. To bear against, to approach for attack or seizure; as, a lion bears against his prey. [Obs.] -- To bear away (Naut.), to change the course of a ship, and make her run before the wind. -- To bear back, to retreat. \"Bearing back from the blows of their sable antagonist.\" Sir W. Scott. -- To bear down upon (Naut.), to approach from the windward side; as, the fleet bore down upon the enemy. -- To bear in with (Naut.), to run or tend toward; as, a ship bears in with the land. -- To bear off (Naut.), to steer away, as from land. -- To bear up. (a) To be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; as, to bear up under afflictions. (b) (Naut.) To put the helm up (or to windward) and so put the ship before the wind; to bear away. Hamersly. -- To bear upon (Mil.), to be pointed or situated so as to affect; to be pointed directly against, or so as to hit (the object); as, to bring or plant guns so as to bear upon a fort or a ship; the artillery bore upon the center. -- To bear up to, to tend or move toward; as, to bear up to one another. -- To bear with, to endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to resent, oppose, or punish.\n\nA bier. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Ursus, and of the closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade Carnivora, but they live largely on fruit and insects. Note: The European brown bear (U. arctos), the white polar bear (U. maritimus), the grizzly bear (U. horribilis), the American black bear, and its variety the cinnamon bear (U. Americanus), the Syrian bear (Ursus Syriacus), and the sloth bear, are among the notable species. 2. (Zoöl.) An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity; as, the woolly bear; ant bear; water bear; sea bear. 3. (Astron.) One of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called respectively the Great Bear and the Lesser Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. 4. Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose person. 5. (Stock Exchange) A person who sells stocks or securities for future delivery in expectation of a fall in the market. Note: The bears and bulls of the Stock Exchange, whose interest it is, the one to depress, and the other to raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of tossing up. 6. (Mach.) A portable punching machine. 7. (Naut.) A block covered with coarse matting; -- used to scour the deck. Australian bear. (Zoöl.) See Koala. -- Bear baiting, the sport of baiting bears with dogs. -- Bear caterpillar (Zoöl.), the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the genus Euprepia. -- Bear garden. (a) A place where bears are kept for diversion or fighting. (b) Any place where riotous conduct is common or permitted. M. Arnold. -- Bear leader, one who leads about a performing bear for money; hence, a facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on his travels.\n\nTo endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; as, to bear a railroad stock; to bear the market.\n\nBarley; the six-rowed barley or the four-rowed barley, commonly the former (Hord. vulgare). [Obs. except in North of Eng. and Scot.]", "bearskin": "1. The skin of a bear. 2. A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for overcoats. 3. A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by soldiers. BEAR'S-PAW Bear's\"-paw`, n. (Zoöl.) A large bivalve shell of the East Indies (Hippopus maculatus), often used as an ornament.", "bearskins": "1. The skin of a bear. 2. A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for overcoats. 3. A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by soldiers. BEAR'S-PAW Bear's\"-paw`, n. (Zoöl.) A large bivalve shell of the East Indies (Hippopus maculatus), often used as an ornament.", - "beasley": null, "beast": "1. Any living creature; an animal; -- including man, insects, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Any four-footed animal, that may be used for labor, food, or sport; as, a beast of burden. A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast. Prov. xii. 10. 3. As opposed to man: Any irrational animal. 4. Fig.: A coarse, brutal, filthy, or degraded fellow. 5. A game at cards similar to loo. [Obs.] Wright. 6. A penalty at beast, omber, etc. Hence: To be beasted, to be beaten at beast, omber, etc. Beast royal, the lion. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Beast, Brute. When we use these words in a figurative sense, as applicable to human beings, we think of beasts as mere animals governed by animal appetite; and of brutes as being destitute of reason or moral feeling, and governed by unrestrained passion. Hence we speak of beastly appetites; beastly indulgences, etc.; and of brutal manners; brutal inhumanity; brutal ferocity. So, also, we say of a drunkard, that he first made himself a beast, and then treated his family like a brute.", "beastlier": null, "beastliest": null, @@ -6275,21 +5318,10 @@ "beatings": "1. The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by blows. 2. Pulsation; throbbing; as, the beating of the heart. 3. (Acoustics & Mus.) Pulsative sounds. See Beat, n. 4. (Naut.) The process of sailing against the wind by tacks in zigzag direction.", "beatitude": "1. Felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss. 2. Any one of the nine declarations (called the Beatitudes), made in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. v. 3-12), with regard to the blessedness of those who are distinguished by certain specified virtues. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Beatification. Milman. Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.", "beatitudes": "1. Felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss. 2. Any one of the nine declarations (called the Beatitudes), made in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. v. 3-12), with regard to the blessedness of those who are distinguished by certain specified virtues. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Beatification. Milman. Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.", - "beatlemania": null, - "beatles": null, "beatnik": null, "beatniks": null, - "beatrice": null, - "beatrix": null, - "beatriz": null, "beats": "1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum. Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small. Ex. xxx. 36. They did beat the gold into thin plates. Ex. xxxix. 3. 2. To punish by blows; to thrash. 3. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of rousing game. To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey. Prior. 4. To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind. A frozen continent . . . beat with perpetual storms. Milton. 5. To tread, as a path. Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way. Blackmore. 6. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass. He beat them in a bloody battle. Prescott. For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that. M. Arnold. 7. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; -- often with out. [Colloq.] 8. To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. Why should any one . . . beat his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic Locke. 9. (Mil.) To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the general, the reveille, the tattoo. See Alarm, Charge, Parley, etc. To beat down, to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down. [Colloq.] -- To beat into, to teach or instill, by repetition. -- To beat off, to repel or drive back. -- To beat out, to extend by hammering. -- To beat out of a thing, to cause to relinquish it, or give it up. \"Nor can anything beat their posterity out of it to this day.\" South. -- To beat the dust. (Man.) (a) To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse. (b) To perform curvets too precipitately or too low. -- To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot. -- To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation. -- To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot. -- To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters. Syn. -- To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat; vanquish; overcome.\n\n1. To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or loudly. The men of the city . . . beat at the door. Judges. xix. 22. 2. To move with pulsation or throbbing. A thousand hearts beat happily. Byron. 3. To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to strike anything, as, rain, wind, and waves do. Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below. Dryden. They [winds] beat at the crazy casement. Longfellow. The sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in himself to die. Jonah iv. 8. Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon ministers. Bacon. 4. To be in agitation or doubt. [Poetic] To still my beating mind. Shak . 5. (Naut.) To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse. 6. To make a sound when struck; as, the drums beat. 7. (Mil.) To make a succession of strokes on a drum; as, the drummers beat to call soldiers to their quarters. 8. (Acoustics & Mus.) To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison. A beating wind (Naut.), a wind which necessitates tacking in order to make progress. -- To beat about, to try to find; to search by various means or ways. Addison. -- To beat about the bush, to approach a subject circuitously. -- To beat up and down (Hunting), to run first one way and then another; -- said of a stag. -- To beat up for recruits, to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise.\n\n1. A stroke; a blow. He, with a careless beat, Struck out the mute creation at a heat. Dryden. 2. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the pulse. 3. (Mus.) (a) The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the beat is the unit. (b) A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament. 4. (Acoustics & Mus.) A sudden swelling or reënforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See Beat, v. i., 8. 5. A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's beat. 6. A place of habitual or frequent resort. 7. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; -- often emphasized by dead; as, a dead beat. [Low] Beat of drum (Mil.), a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc. -- Beat of a watch, or clock, the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement. A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals.\n\nWeary; tired; fatigued; exhausted. [Colloq.] Quite beat, and very much vexed and disappointed. Dickens.", - "beatty": null, "beau": "1. A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion; a dandy. 2. A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an escort; a lover.", - "beaufort": null, - "beaujolais": null, - "beaumarchais": null, - "beaumont": null, - "beauregard": null, "beaus": "1. A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion; a dandy. 2. A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an escort; a lover.", "beaut": null, "beauteous": "Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau\"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Beau\"te*ous*ness, n.", @@ -6308,7 +5340,6 @@ "beautifying": null, "beauts": null, "beauty": "1. An assemblage or graces or properties pleasing to the eye, the ear, the intellect, the æsthetic faculty, or the moral sense. Beauty consists of a certain composition of color and figure, causing delight in the beholder. Locke. The production of beauty by a multiplicity of symmetrical parts uniting in a consistent whole. Wordsworth. The old definition of beauty, in the Roman school, was, \"multitude in unity;\" and there is no doubt that such is the principle of beauty. Coleridge. 2. A particular grace, feature, ornament, or excellence; anything beautiful; as, the beauties of nature. 3. A beautiful person, esp. a beautiful woman. All the admired beauties of Verona. Shak. 4. Prevailing style or taste; rage; fashion. [Obs.] She stained her hair yellow, which was then the beauty. Jer. Taylor. Beauty spot, a patch or spot placed on the face with intent to heighten beauty by contrast.", - "beauvoir": null, "beaver": "1. (Zoöl.) An amphibious rodent, of the genus Castor. Note: It has palmated hind feet, and a broad, flat tail. It is remarkable for its ingenuity in constructing its valued for its fur, and for the material called castor, obtained from two small bags in the groin of the animal. The European species is Castor fiber, and the American is generally considered a variety of this, although sometimes called Castor Canadensis. 2. The fur of the beaver. 3. A hat, formerly made of the fur of the beaver, but now usually of silk. A brown beaver slouched over his eyes. Prescott. 4. Beaver cloth, a heavy felted woolen cloth, used chiefly for making overcoats. Beaver rat (Zoöl.), an aquatic ratlike quadruped of Tasmania (Hydromys chrysogaster). -- Beaver skin, the furry skin of the beaver. -- Bank beaver. See under 1st Bank.\n\nThat piece of armor which protected the lower part of the face, whether forming a part of the helmet or fixed to the breastplate. It was so constructed (with joints or otherwise) that the wearer could raise or lower it to eat and drink.", "beavered": "Covered with, or wearing, a beaver or hat. \"His beavered brow.\" Pope.", "beavering": null, @@ -6321,19 +5352,12 @@ "becalms": "1. To render calm or quiet; to calm; to still; to appease. Soft whispering airs . . . becalm the mind. Philips. 2. To keep from motion, or stop the progress of, by the stilling of the wind; as, the fleet was becalmed.", "became": "of Become.", "because": "1. By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that. Milton. 2. In order that; that. [Obs.] And the multitude rebuked them because they should hold their peace. Matt. xx. 31. Because of, by reason of, on account of. [Prep. phrase.] Because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. Eph. v. 6. Syn, -- Because, For, Since, As, Inasmuch As. These particles are used, in certain connections, to assign the reason of a thing, or that \"on account of\" which it is or takes place. Because (by cause) is the strongest and most emphatic; as, I hid myself because I was afraid. For is not quite so strong; as, in Shakespeare, \"I hate him, for he is a Christian.\" Since is less formal and more incidental than because; as, I will do it since you request me. It more commonly begins a sentence; as, Since your decision is made, I will say no more. As is still more incidental than since, and points to some existing fact by way of assigning a reason. Thus we say, as I knew him to be out of town, I did not call. Inasmuch as seems to carry with it a kind of qualification which does not belong to the rest. Thus, if we say, I am ready to accept your proposal, inasmuch as I believe it is the best you can offer, we mean, it is only with this understanding that we can accept it.", - "bechtel": null, "beck": "See Beak. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA small brook. The brooks, the becks, the rills. Drayton.\n\nA vat. See Back.\n\nTo nod, or make a sign with the head or hand. [Archaic] Drayton.\n\nTo notify or call by a nod, or a motion of the head or hand; to intimate a command to. [Archaic] When gold and silver becks me to come on. Shak.\n\nA significant nod, or motion of the head or hand, esp. as a call or command. They have troops of soldiers at their beck. Shak.", - "becker": "A European fish (Pagellus centrodontus); the sea bream or braise.", - "becket": "1. (Naut.) A small grommet, or a ring or loop of rope 2. A spade for digging turf. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.", - "beckett": null, - "beckley": null, - "beckman": null, "beckon": "To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand. His distant friends, he beckons near. Dryden. It beckons you to go away with it. Shak.\n\nA sign made without words; a beck. \"At the first beckon.\" Bolingbroke. BECK'S SCALE Beck's scale. A hydrometer scale on which the zero point corresponds to sp. gr. 1.00, and the 30º-point to sp. gr. 0.85. From these points the scale is extended both ways, all the degrees being of equal length.", "beckoned": null, "beckoning": null, "beckons": "To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand. His distant friends, he beckons near. Dryden. It beckons you to go away with it. Shak.\n\nA sign made without words; a beck. \"At the first beckon.\" Bolingbroke. BECK'S SCALE Beck's scale. A hydrometer scale on which the zero point corresponds to sp. gr. 1.00, and the 30º-point to sp. gr. 0.85. From these points the scale is extended both ways, all the degrees being of equal length.", "becks": "See Beak. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA small brook. The brooks, the becks, the rills. Drayton.\n\nA vat. See Back.\n\nTo nod, or make a sign with the head or hand. [Archaic] Drayton.\n\nTo notify or call by a nod, or a motion of the head or hand; to intimate a command to. [Archaic] When gold and silver becks me to come on. Shak.\n\nA significant nod, or motion of the head or hand, esp. as a call or command. They have troops of soldiers at their beck. Shak.", - "becky": null, "becloud": "To cause obscurity or dimness to; to dim; to cloud. If thou becloud the sunshine of thine eye. Quarles.", "beclouded": null, "beclouding": null, @@ -6362,7 +5386,6 @@ "bedded": "Provided with a bed; as, double-bedded room; placed or arranged in a bed or beds.", "bedder": null, "bedding": "1. A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast; bedclothes; litter. 2. (Geol.) The state or position of beds and layers.", - "bede": "To pray; also, to offer; to proffer. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester. Chaucer.\n\nA kind of pickax.", "bedeck": "To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace. Bedecked with boughs, flowers, and garlands. Pennant.", "bedecked": null, "bedecking": null, @@ -6386,8 +5409,6 @@ "bedizens": "To dress or adorn tawdrily or with false taste. Remnants of tapestried hangings, . . . and shreds of pictures with which he had bedizened his tatters. Sir W. Scott.", "bedlam": "1. A place appropriated to the confinement and care of the insane; a madhouse. Abp. Tillotson. 2. An insane person; a lunatic; a madman. [Obs.] Let's get the bedlam to lead him. Shak. 3. Any place where uproar and confusion prevail.\n\nBelonging to, or fit for, a madhouse. \"The bedlam, brainsick duchess.\" Shak.", "bedlams": "1. A place appropriated to the confinement and care of the insane; a madhouse. Abp. Tillotson. 2. An insane person; a lunatic; a madman. [Obs.] Let's get the bedlam to lead him. Shak. 3. Any place where uproar and confusion prevail.\n\nBelonging to, or fit for, a madhouse. \"The bedlam, brainsick duchess.\" Shak.", - "bedouin": "One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts. -- Bed\"ou*in*ism (, n.\n\nPertaining to the Bedouins; nomad.", - "bedouins": "One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts. -- Bed\"ou*in*ism (, n.\n\nPertaining to the Bedouins; nomad.", "bedpan": "1. A pan for warming beds. Nares. 2. A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it can be used by a sick person in bed.", "bedpans": "1. A pan for warming beds. Nares. 2. A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it can be used by a sick person in bed.", "bedpost": "1. One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the canopy over a bedstead. 2. Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed to keep the clothes from falling off. See Bedstaff. Brewer.", @@ -6419,15 +5440,12 @@ "bedtime": "The time to go to bed. Shak.", "bedtimes": "The time to go to bed. Shak.", "bee": "p. p. of Be; -- used for been. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) An insect of the order Hymenoptera, and family Apidæ (the honeybees), or family Andrenidæ (the solitary bees.) See Honeybee. Note: There are many genera and species. The common honeybee (Apis mellifica) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the A. mellifica there are other species and varieties of honeybees, as the A. ligustica of Spain and Italy; the A. Indica of India; the A. fasciata of Egypt. The bumblebee is a species of Bombus. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to Melipoma and Trigona. 2. A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; as, a quilting bee; a husking bee; a raising bee. [U. S.] The cellar . . . was dug by a bee in a single day. S. G. Goodrich. 3. pl. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. beáh ring, fr. b to bend. See 1st Bow.] (Naut.) Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through; -- called also bee blocks. Bee beetle (Zoöl.), a beetle (Trichodes apiarius) parasitic in beehives. -- Bee bird (Zoöl.), a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American kingbird. -- Bee flower (Bot.), an orchidaceous plant of the genus Ophrys (O. apifera), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and other insects. -- Bee fly (Zoöl.), a two winged fly of the family Bombyliidæ. Some species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees. -- Bee garden, a garden or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary. Mortimer. -- Bee glue, a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; -- called also propolis. -- Bee hawk (Zoöl.), the honey buzzard. -- Bee killer (Zoöl.), a large two-winged fly of the family Asilidæ (esp. Trupanea apivora) which feeds upon the honeybee. See Robber fly. -- Bee louse (Zoöl.), a minute, wingless, dipterous insect (Braula cæca) parasitic on hive bees. -- Bee martin (Zoöl.), the kingbird (Tyrannus Carolinensis) which occasionally feeds on bees. -- Bee moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Galleria cereana) whose larvæ feed on honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives. -- Bee wolf (Zoöl.), the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of Bee beetle. -- To have a bee in the head or in the bonnet. (a) To be choleric. [Obs.] (b) To be restless or uneasy. B. Jonson. (c) To be full of fancies; to be a little crazy. \"She's whiles crack-brained, and has a bee in her head.\" Sir W. Scott.", - "beebe": null, "beebread": "A brown, bitter substance found in some of the cells of honeycomb. It is made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is collected by bees as food for their young.", "beech": "A tree of the genus Fagus. Note: It grows to a large size, having a smooth bark and thick foliage, and bears an edible triangular nut, of which swine are fond. The Fagus sylvatica is the European species, and the F. ferruginea that of America. Beech drops (Bot.), a parasitic plant which grows on the roots of beeches (Epiphegus Americana). -- Beech marten (Zoöl.), the stone marten of Europe (Mustela foina). -- Beech mast, the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the trees, in autumn. -- Beech oil, oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the beech tree. -- Cooper beech, a variety of the European beech with copper- colored, shining leaves.", - "beecher": null, "beeches": null, "beechnut": "The nut of the beech tree.", "beechnuts": "The nut of the beech tree.", "beef": "1. An animal of the genus Bos, especially the common species, B. taurus, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full grown state; esp., an ox or cow fattened for food. Note: [In this, which is the original sense, the word has a plural, beeves (.] A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine. Milton. 2. The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult bovine animal, when slaughtered for food. Note: [In this sense, the word has no plural.] \"Great meals of beef.\" Shak. 3. Applied colloquially to human flesh.\n\nOf, pertaining to, or resembling, beef. Beef tea, essence of beef, or strong beef broth.", - "beefaroni": null, "beefburger": null, "beefburgers": null, "beefcake": null, @@ -6448,7 +5466,6 @@ "beekeeping": null, "beeline": null, "beelines": null, - "beelzebub": "The title of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See Baal.", "been": "The past participle of Be. In old authors it is also the pr. tense plural of Be. See 1st Bee. Assembled been a senate grave and stout. Fairfax.", "beep": null, "beeped": null, @@ -6457,7 +5474,6 @@ "beeping": null, "beeps": null, "beer": "1. A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a bitter flavor. Note: Beer has different names, as small beer, ale, porter, brown stout, lager beer, according to its strength, or other qualities. See Ale. 2. A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc. Small beer, weak beer; (fig.) insignificant matters. \"To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer.\" Shak.", - "beerbohm": null, "beerier": null, "beeriest": null, "beers": "1. A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a bitter flavor. Note: Beer has different names, as small beer, ale, porter, brown stout, lager beer, according to its strength, or other qualities. See Ale. 2. A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc. Small beer, weak beer; (fig.) insignificant matters. \"To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer.\" Shak.", @@ -6465,12 +5481,10 @@ "bees": "p. p. of Be; -- used for been. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) An insect of the order Hymenoptera, and family Apidæ (the honeybees), or family Andrenidæ (the solitary bees.) See Honeybee. Note: There are many genera and species. The common honeybee (Apis mellifica) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the A. mellifica there are other species and varieties of honeybees, as the A. ligustica of Spain and Italy; the A. Indica of India; the A. fasciata of Egypt. The bumblebee is a species of Bombus. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to Melipoma and Trigona. 2. A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; as, a quilting bee; a husking bee; a raising bee. [U. S.] The cellar . . . was dug by a bee in a single day. S. G. Goodrich. 3. pl. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. beáh ring, fr. b to bend. See 1st Bow.] (Naut.) Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through; -- called also bee blocks. Bee beetle (Zoöl.), a beetle (Trichodes apiarius) parasitic in beehives. -- Bee bird (Zoöl.), a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American kingbird. -- Bee flower (Bot.), an orchidaceous plant of the genus Ophrys (O. apifera), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and other insects. -- Bee fly (Zoöl.), a two winged fly of the family Bombyliidæ. Some species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees. -- Bee garden, a garden or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary. Mortimer. -- Bee glue, a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; -- called also propolis. -- Bee hawk (Zoöl.), the honey buzzard. -- Bee killer (Zoöl.), a large two-winged fly of the family Asilidæ (esp. Trupanea apivora) which feeds upon the honeybee. See Robber fly. -- Bee louse (Zoöl.), a minute, wingless, dipterous insect (Braula cæca) parasitic on hive bees. -- Bee martin (Zoöl.), the kingbird (Tyrannus Carolinensis) which occasionally feeds on bees. -- Bee moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Galleria cereana) whose larvæ feed on honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives. -- Bee wolf (Zoöl.), the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of Bee beetle. -- To have a bee in the head or in the bonnet. (a) To be choleric. [Obs.] (b) To be restless or uneasy. B. Jonson. (c) To be full of fancies; to be a little crazy. \"She's whiles crack-brained, and has a bee in her head.\" Sir W. Scott.", "beeswax": "The wax secreted by bees, and of which their cells are constructed.", "beet": "1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the genus Beta, which produces an edible root the first year and seed the second year. 2. The root of plants of the genus Beta, different species and varieties of which are used for the table, for feeding stock, or in making sugar. Note: There are many varieties of the common beet (Beta vulgaris). The Old \"white beet\", cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species (Beta Cicla).", - "beethoven": null, "beetle": "1. A heavy mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc. 2. A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills; -- called also beetling machine. Knight.\n\n1. To beat with a heavy mallet. 2. To finish by subjecting to a hammering process in a beetle or beetling machine; as, to beetle cotton goods.\n\nAny insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up. See Coleoptera. Beetle mite (Zoöl.), one of many species of mites, of the family Oribatidæ, parasitic on beetles. -- Black beetle, the common large black cockroach (Blatta orientalis).\n\nTo extend over and beyond the base or support; to overhang; to jut. To the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea. Shak. Each beetling rampart, and each tower sublime. Wordsworth.", "beetled": null, "beetles": "1. A heavy mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc. 2. A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills; -- called also beetling machine. Knight.\n\n1. To beat with a heavy mallet. 2. To finish by subjecting to a hammering process in a beetle or beetling machine; as, to beetle cotton goods.\n\nAny insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up. See Coleoptera. Beetle mite (Zoöl.), one of many species of mites, of the family Oribatidæ, parasitic on beetles. -- Black beetle, the common large black cockroach (Blatta orientalis).\n\nTo extend over and beyond the base or support; to overhang; to jut. To the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea. Shak. Each beetling rampart, and each tower sublime. Wordsworth.", "beetling": null, - "beeton": null, "beetroot": null, "beetroots": null, "beets": "1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the genus Beta, which produces an edible root the first year and seed the second year. 2. The root of plants of the genus Beta, different species and varieties of which are used for the table, for feeding stock, or in making sugar. Note: There are many varieties of the common beet (Beta vulgaris). The Old \"white beet\", cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species (Beta Cicla).", @@ -6556,7 +5570,6 @@ "begun": "of Begin.", "behalf": "Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support; defense; vindication. In behalf of his mistress's beauty. Sir P. Sidney. Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in behalf of his nation. Clarendon. In behalf of, in the interest of. -- On behalf of, on account of; on the part of.", "behalves": null, - "behan": null, "behave": "1. To manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle; to restrain. [Obs.] He did behave his anger ere 't was spent. Shak. 2. To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to bear; -- used reflexively. Those that behaved themselves manfully. 2 Macc. ii. 21.\n\nTo act; to conduct; to bear or carry one's self; as, to behave well or ill. Note: This verb is often used colloquially without an adverb of manner; as, if he does not behave, he will be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as, the ship behaved splendidly.", "behaved": null, "behaves": "1. To manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle; to restrain. [Obs.] He did behave his anger ere 't was spent. Shak. 2. To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to bear; -- used reflexively. Those that behaved themselves manfully. 2 Macc. ii. 21.\n\nTo act; to conduct; to bear or carry one's self; as, to behave well or ill. Note: This verb is often used colloquially without an adverb of manner; as, if he does not behave, he will be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as, the ship behaved splendidly.", @@ -6590,28 +5603,19 @@ "behooved": null, "behooves": "To be necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to necessity, duty, or convenience; -- mostly used impersonally. And thus it behooved Christ to suffer. Luke xxiv. 46. [Also written behove.]\n\nTo be necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due. Chaucer.\n\nAdvantage; behoof. [Obs.] It shall not be to his behoove. Gower.", "behooving": null, - "behring": null, - "beiderbecke": null, "beige": "Debeige.", - "beijing": null, "being": "Existing. Note: Being was formerly used where we now use having. \"Being to go to a ball in a few days.\" Miss Edgeworth. Note: In modern usage, is, are, was or were being, with a past participle following (as built, made, etc.) indicates the process toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form is or was building, in this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern is or was being built. The last form of speech is, however, sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression was is, or was, a-building or in building. A man who is being strangled. Lamb. While the article on Burns was being written. Froude. Fresh experience is always being gained. Jowett (Thucyd. )\n\n1. Existence, as opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence. In Him we live, and move, and have our being. Acts xvii. 28. 2. That which exists in any form, whether it be material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a thing without life; as, a human being; spiritual beings. What a sweet being is an honest mind ! Beau. & Fl. A Being of infinite benevolence and power. Wordsworth. 3. Lifetime; mortal existence. [Obs.] Claudius, thou Wast follower of his fortunes in his being. Webster (1654). 4. An abode; a cottage. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into little beings within my manor. Steele.\n\nSince; inasmuch as. [Obs. or Colloq.] And being you have Declined his means, you have increased his malice. Beau. & Fl.", "beings": "Existing. Note: Being was formerly used where we now use having. \"Being to go to a ball in a few days.\" Miss Edgeworth. Note: In modern usage, is, are, was or were being, with a past participle following (as built, made, etc.) indicates the process toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form is or was building, in this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern is or was being built. The last form of speech is, however, sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression was is, or was, a-building or in building. A man who is being strangled. Lamb. While the article on Burns was being written. Froude. Fresh experience is always being gained. Jowett (Thucyd. )\n\n1. Existence, as opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence. In Him we live, and move, and have our being. Acts xvii. 28. 2. That which exists in any form, whether it be material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a thing without life; as, a human being; spiritual beings. What a sweet being is an honest mind ! Beau. & Fl. A Being of infinite benevolence and power. Wordsworth. 3. Lifetime; mortal existence. [Obs.] Claudius, thou Wast follower of his fortunes in his being. Webster (1654). 4. An abode; a cottage. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into little beings within my manor. Steele.\n\nSince; inasmuch as. [Obs. or Colloq.] And being you have Declined his means, you have increased his malice. Beau. & Fl.", - "beirut": null, "bejewel": "To ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle. \"Bejeweled hands.\" Thackeray.", "bejeweled": null, "bejeweling": null, "bejewels": "To ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle. \"Bejeweled hands.\" Thackeray.", - "bekesy": null, - "bela": null, "belabor": "1. To ply diligently; to work carefully upon. \"If the earth is belabored with culture, it yieldeth corn.\" Barrow. 2. To beat soundly; to cudgel. Ajax belabors there a harmless ox. Dryden.", "belabored": null, "belaboring": null, "belabors": "1. To ply diligently; to work carefully upon. \"If the earth is belabored with culture, it yieldeth corn.\" Barrow. 2. To beat soundly; to cudgel. Ajax belabors there a harmless ox. Dryden.", - "belarus": null, - "belarusian": null, "belated": "Delayed beyond the usual time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted. \"Some belated peasant.\" Milton. -- Be*lat\"ed*ness, n. Milton.", "belatedly": null, - "belau": null, "belay": "1. To lay on or cover; to adorn. [Obs.] Jacket . . . belayed with silver lace. Spenser. 2. (Naut.) To make fast, as a rope, by taking several turns with it round a pin, cleat, or kevel. Totten. 3. To lie in wait for with a view to assault. Hence: to block up or obstruct. [Obs.] Dryden. Belay thee! Stop.", "belayed": null, "belaying": null, @@ -6624,15 +5628,8 @@ "beleaguered": null, "beleaguering": null, "beleaguers": "To surround with an army so as to preclude escape; to besiege; to blockade. The wail of famine in beleaguered towns. Longfellow. Syn. -- To block up; environ; invest; encompass.", - "belem": null, - "belfast": null, "belfries": null, "belfry": "1. (Mil. Antiq.) A movable tower erected by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense. 2. A bell tower, usually attached to a church or other building, but sometimes separate; a campanile. 3. A room in a tower in which a bell is or may be hung; or a cupola or turret for the same purpose. 4. (Naut.) The framing on which a bell is suspended.", - "belg": null, - "belgian": "Of or pertaining to Belgium. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Belgium.", - "belgians": "Of or pertaining to Belgium. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Belgium.", - "belgium": null, - "belgrade": null, "belie": "1. To show to be false; to convict of, or charge with, falsehood. Their trembling hearts belie their boastful tongues. Dryden. 2. To give a false representation or account of. Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts. Shak. 3. To tell lie about; to calumniate; to slander. Thou dost belie him, Percy, thou dost belie him. Shak. 4. To mimic; to counterfeit. [Obs.] Dryden. 5. To fill with lies. [Obs.] \"The breath of slander doth belie all corners of the world.\" Shak.", "belied": null, "belief": "1. Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of a fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or full assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty; persuasion; conviction; confidence; as, belief of a witness; the belief of our senses. Belief admits of all degrees, from the slightest suspicion to the fullest assurance. Reid. 2. (Theol.) A persuasion of the truths of religion; faith. No man can attain [to] belief by the bare contemplation of heaven and earth. Hooker. 3. The thing believed; the object of belief. Superstitious prophecies are not only the belief of fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men. Bacon. 4. A tenet, or the body of tenets, held by the advocates of any class of views; doctrine; creed. In the heat of persecution to which Christian belief was subject upon its first promulgation. Hooker. Ultimate belief, a first principle incapable of proof; an intuitive truth; an intuition. Sir W. Hamilton. Syn. -- Credence; trust; reliance; assurance; opinion.", @@ -6646,23 +5643,17 @@ "believers": "1. One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or reality of some doctrine, person, or thing. 2. (Theol.) One who gives credit to the truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God; a Christian; -- in a more restricted sense, one who receives Christ as his Savior, and accepts the way of salvation unfolded in the gospel. Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all believers. Book of Com. Prayer. 3. (Eccl. Hist.) One who was admitted to all the rights of divine worship and instructed in all the mysteries of the Christian religion, in distinction from a catechumen, or one yet under instruction.", "believes": "To exercise belief in; to credit upon the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the truth of, upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and deductions of the mind, or by circumstances other than personal knowledge; to regard or accept as true; to place confidence in; to think; to consider; as, to believe a person, a statement, or a doctrine. Our conqueror (whom I now Of force believe almighty). Milton. King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets Acts xxvi. Often followed by a dependent clause. I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Acts viii. 37. Syn. -- See Expect.\n\n1. To have a firm persuasion, esp. of the truths of religion; to have a persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or faith. Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief. Mark ix. 24. With the heart man believeth unto righteousness. Rom. x. 10. 2. To think; to suppose. I will not believe so meanly of you. Fielding. To believe in. (a) To believe that the subject of the thought (if a person or thing) exists, or (if an event) that it has occurred, or will occur; -- as, to believe in the resurrection of the dead. \"She does not believe in Jupiter.\" J. H. Newman. (b) To believe that the character, abilities, and purposes of a person are worthy of entire confidence; -- especially that his promises are wholly trustworthy. \"Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me.\" John xiv. 1. (c) To believe that the qualities or effects of an action or state are beneficial: as, to believe in sea bathing, or in abstinence from alcoholic beverages. -- To believe on, to accept implicitly as an object of religious trust or obedience; to have faith in.", "believing": "That believes; having belief. -- Be*liev\"ing*ly, adv.", - "belinda": null, "belittle": "To make little or less in a moral sense; to speak of in a depreciatory or contemptuous way. T. Jefferson.", "belittled": null, "belittlement": null, "belittles": "To make little or less in a moral sense; to speak of in a depreciatory or contemptuous way. T. Jefferson.", "belittling": null, - "belize": null, "bell": "1. A hollow metallic vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with a flaring mouth, containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a ringing sound on being struck. Note: Bells have been made of various metals, but the best have always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and tin. The Liberty Bell, the famous bell of the Philadelphia State House, which rang when the Continental Congress declared the Independence of the United States, in 1776. It had been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words \"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants thereof.\" 2. A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a loose ball which causes it to sound when moved. 3. Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or corol of a flower. \"In a cowslip's bell I lie.\" Shak. 4. (Arch.) That part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital. 5. pl. (Naut.) The strikes of the bell which mark the time; or the time so designated. Note: On shipboard, time is marked by a bell, which is struck eight times at 4, 8, and 12 o'clock. Half an hour after it has struck \"eight bells\" it is struck once, and at every succeeding half hour the number of strokes is increased by one, till at the end of the four hours, which constitute a watch, it is struck eight times. To bear away the bell, to win the prize at a race where the prize was a bell; hence, to be superior in something. Fuller. -- To bear the bell, to be the first or leader; -- in allusion to the bellwether or a flock, or the leading animal of a team or drove, when wearing a bell. -- To curse by bell, book, and candle, a solemn form of excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the bell being tolled, the book of offices for the purpose being used, and three candles being extinguished with certain ceremonies. Nares. -- To lose the bell, to be worsted in a contest. \"In single fight he lost the bell.\" Fairfax. -- To shake the bells, to move, give notice, or alarm. Shak. Note: Bell is much used adjectively or in combinations; as, bell clapper; bell foundry; bell hanger; bell-mouthed; bell tower, etc., which, for the most part, are self-explaining. Bell arch (Arch.), an arch of unusual form, following the curve of an ogee. -- Bell cage, or Bell carriage (Arch.), a timber frame constructed to carry one or more large bells. -- Bell cot (Arch.), a small or subsidiary construction, frequently corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and used to contain and support one or more bells. -- Bell deck (Arch.), the floor of a belfry made to serve as a roof to the rooms below. -- Bell founder, one whose occupation it is to found or cast bells. -- Bell foundry, or Bell foundery, a place where bells are founded or cast. -- Bell gable (Arch.), a small gable-shaped construction, pierced with one or more openings, and used to contain bells. -- Bell glass. See Bell jar. -- Bell hanger, a man who hangs or puts up bells. -- Bell pull, a cord, handle, or knob, connecting with a bell or bell wire, and which will ring the bell when pulled. Aytoun. -- Bell punch, a kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell when used. -- Bell ringer, one who rings a bell or bells, esp. one whose business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set of musical bells for public entertainment. -- Bell roof (Arch.), a roof shaped according to the general lines of a bell. -- Bell rope, a rope by which a church or other bell is rung. -- Bell tent, a circular conical-topped tent. -- Bell trap, a kind of bell shaped stench trap.\n\nTo put a bell upon; as, to bell the cat. 2. To make bell-mouthed; as, to bell a tube.\n\nTo develop bells or corollas; to take the form of a bell; to blossom; as, hops bell.\n\nTo utter by bellowing. [Obs.]\n\nTo call or bellow, as the deer in rutting time; to make a bellowing sound; to roar. As loud as belleth wind in hell. Chaucer. The wild buck bells from ferny brake. Sir W. Scott.", - "bella": null, "belladonna": "(a) An herbaceous European plant (Atropa belladonna) with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called also deadly nightshade. (b) A species of Amaryllis (A. belladonna); the belladonna lily.", - "bellamy": null, - "bellatrix": null, "bellboy": null, "bellboys": null, "belle": "A young lady of superior beauty and attractions; a handsome lady, or one who attracts notice in society; a fair lady.", "belled": "Hung with a bell or bells.", - "belleek": null, "belles": "A young lady of superior beauty and attractions; a handsome lady, or one who attracts notice in society; a fair lady.", "belletrist": null, "belletristic": "Occupied with, or pertaining to, belles-lettres. \"An unlearned, belletristic trifler.\" M. Arnold.", @@ -6679,8 +5670,6 @@ "belligerently": "In a belligerent manner; hostilely.", "belligerents": "1. Waging war; carrying on war. \"Belligerent powers.\" E. Everett. 2. Pertaining, or tending, to war; of or relating to belligerents; as, a belligerent tone; belligerent rights.\n\nA nation or state recognized as carrying on war; a person engaged in warfare.", "belling": "A bellowing, as of a deer in rutting time. Johnson.", - "bellingham": null, - "bellini": null, "bellman": "A man who rings a bell, especially to give notice of anything in the streets. Formerly, also, a night watchman who called the hours. Milton.", "bellmen": null, "bellow": "1. To make a hollow, loud noise, as an enraged bull. 2. To bowl; to vociferate; to clamor. Dryden. 3. To roar; as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound. The bellowing voice of boiling seas. Dryden.\n\nTo emit with a loud voice; to shout; -- used with out. \"Would bellow out a laugh.\" Dryden.\n\nA loud resounding outcry or noise, as of an enraged bull; a roar.", @@ -6700,22 +5689,15 @@ "bellyful": "As much as satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance; more than enough. Lloyd. King James told his son that he would have his bellyful of parliamentary impeachments. Johnson.", "bellyfuls": "As much as satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance; more than enough. Lloyd. King James told his son that he would have his bellyful of parliamentary impeachments. Johnson.", "bellying": null, - "belmont": null, - "belmopan": null, - "beloit": null, "belong": "1. To be the property of; as, Jamaica belongs to Great Britain. 2. To be a part of, or connected with; to be appendant or related; to owe allegiance or service. A desert place belonging to . . . Bethsaids. Luke ix. 10. The mighty men which belonged to David. 1 Kings i. 8. 3. To be the concern or proper business or function of; to appertain to. \"Do not interpretations belong to God \" Gen. xl. 8. 4. To be suitable for; to be due to. Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age. Heb. v. 14. No blame belongs to thee. Shak. 5. To be native to, or an inhabitant of; esp. to have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town. Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers belong. Blackstone.\n\nTo be deserved by. [Obs.] More evils belong us than happen to us. B. Jonson.", "belonged": null, "belonging": "1. That which belongs to one; that which pertains to one; hence, goods or effects. \"Thyself and thy belongings.\" Shak. 2. That which is connected with a principal or greater thing; an appendage; an appurtenance. 3. Family; relations; household. [Colloq.] Few persons of her ladyship's belongings stopped, before they did her bidding, to ask her reasons. Thackeray.", "belongings": "1. That which belongs to one; that which pertains to one; hence, goods or effects. \"Thyself and thy belongings.\" Shak. 2. That which is connected with a principal or greater thing; an appendage; an appurtenance. 3. Family; relations; household. [Colloq.] Few persons of her ladyship's belongings stopped, before they did her bidding, to ask her reasons. Thackeray.", "belongs": "1. To be the property of; as, Jamaica belongs to Great Britain. 2. To be a part of, or connected with; to be appendant or related; to owe allegiance or service. A desert place belonging to . . . Bethsaids. Luke ix. 10. The mighty men which belonged to David. 1 Kings i. 8. 3. To be the concern or proper business or function of; to appertain to. \"Do not interpretations belong to God \" Gen. xl. 8. 4. To be suitable for; to be due to. Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age. Heb. v. 14. No blame belongs to thee. Shak. 5. To be native to, or an inhabitant of; esp. to have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town. Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers belong. Blackstone.\n\nTo be deserved by. [Obs.] More evils belong us than happen to us. B. Jonson.", - "belorussian": null, - "belorussians": null, "beloved": "Greatly loved; dear to the heart. Antony, so well beloved of Cæsar. Shak. This is my beloved Son. Matt. iii. 17.\n\nOne greatly loved. My beloved is mine, and I am his. Cant. ii. 16.", "beloveds": "Greatly loved; dear to the heart. Antony, so well beloved of Cæsar. Shak. This is my beloved Son. Matt. iii. 17.\n\nOne greatly loved. My beloved is mine, and I am his. Cant. ii. 16.", "below": "1. Under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; as, below the moon; below the knee. Shak. 2. Inferior to in rank, excellence, dignity, value, amount, price, etc.; lower in quality. \"One degree below kings.\" Addison. 3. Unworthy of; unbefitting; beneath. They beheld, with a just loathing and disdain, . . . how below all history the persons and their actions were. Milton. Who thinks no fact below his regard. Hallam. Syn. -- Underneath; under; beneath.\n\n1. In a lower place, with respect to any object; in a lower room; beneath. Lord Marmion waits below. Sir W. Scott. 2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens. The fairest child of Jove below. Prior. 3. In hell, or the regions of the dead. What businesss brought him to the realms below. Dryden. 4. In court or tribunal of inferior jurisdiction; as, at the trial below. Wheaton. 5. In some part or page following.", - "belshazzar": null, "belt": "1. That which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; as, a lady's belt; a sword belt. The shining belt with gold inlaid. Dryden. 2. That which restrains or confines as a girdle. He cannot buckle his distempered cause Within the belt of rule. Shak. 3. Anything that resembles a belt, or that encircles or crosses like a belt; a strip or stripe; as, a belt of trees; a belt of sand. 4. (Arch.) Same as Band, n., 2. A very broad band is more properly termed a belt. 5. (Astron.) One of certain girdles or zones on the surface of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, supposed to be of the nature of clouds. 6. (Geog.) A narrow passage or strait; as, the Great Belt and the Lesser Belt, leading to the Baltic Sea. 7. (Her.) A token or badge of knightly rank. 8. (Mech.) A band of leather, or other flexible substance, passing around two wheels, and communicating motion from one to the other. Note: [See Illust. of Pulley.] 9. (Nat. Hist.) A band or stripe, as of color, round any organ; or any circular ridge or series of ridges. Belt lacing, thongs used for lacing together the ends of machine belting.\n\nTo encircle with, or as with, a belt; to encompass; to surround. A coarse black robe belted round the waist. C. Reade. They belt him round with hearts undaunted. Wordsworth. 2. To shear, as the buttocks and tails of sheep. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "beltane": "1. The first day of May (Old Style). The quarter-days anciently in Scotland were Hallowmas, Candlemas, Beltane, and Lammas. New English Dict. 2. A festival of the heathen Celts on the first day of May, in the observance of which great bonfires were kindled. It still exists in a modified form in some parts of Scotland and Ireland.", "belted": "1. Encircled by, or secured with, a belt; as, a belted plaid; girt with a belt, as an honorary distinction; as, a belted knight; a belted earl. 2. Marked with a band or circle; as, a belted stalk. 3. Worn in, or suspended from, the belt. Three men with belted brands. Sir W. Scott. Belted cattle, cattle originally from Dutch stock, having a broad band of white round the middle, while the rest of the body is black; -- called also blanketed cattle.", "belting": "The material of which belts for machinery are made; also, belts, taken collectively.", "belts": "1. That which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; as, a lady's belt; a sword belt. The shining belt with gold inlaid. Dryden. 2. That which restrains or confines as a girdle. He cannot buckle his distempered cause Within the belt of rule. Shak. 3. Anything that resembles a belt, or that encircles or crosses like a belt; a strip or stripe; as, a belt of trees; a belt of sand. 4. (Arch.) Same as Band, n., 2. A very broad band is more properly termed a belt. 5. (Astron.) One of certain girdles or zones on the surface of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, supposed to be of the nature of clouds. 6. (Geog.) A narrow passage or strait; as, the Great Belt and the Lesser Belt, leading to the Baltic Sea. 7. (Her.) A token or badge of knightly rank. 8. (Mech.) A band of leather, or other flexible substance, passing around two wheels, and communicating motion from one to the other. Note: [See Illust. of Pulley.] 9. (Nat. Hist.) A band or stripe, as of color, round any organ; or any circular ridge or series of ridges. Belt lacing, thongs used for lacing together the ends of machine belting.\n\nTo encircle with, or as with, a belt; to encompass; to surround. A coarse black robe belted round the waist. C. Reade. They belt him round with hearts undaunted. Wordsworth. 2. To shear, as the buttocks and tails of sheep. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", @@ -6723,7 +5705,6 @@ "beltways": null, "beluga": "A cetacean allied to the dolphins. Note: The northern beluga (Delphinapterus catodon) is the white whale and white fish of the whalers. It grows to be from twelve to eighteen feet long.", "belugas": "A cetacean allied to the dolphins. Note: The northern beluga (Delphinapterus catodon) is the white whale and white fish of the whalers. It grows to be from twelve to eighteen feet long.", - "belushi": null, "belying": null, "bemire": "To drag through, encumber with, or fix in, the mire; to soil by passing through mud or dirt. Bemired and benighted in the dog. Burke.", "bemired": null, @@ -6739,30 +5720,23 @@ "bemusement": null, "bemuses": "To muddle, daze, or partially stupefy, as with liquor. A parson much bemused in beer. Pope.", "bemusing": null, - "ben": "The seed of one or more species of moringa; as, oil of ben. See Moringa.\n\nWithin; in; in or into the interior; toward the inner apartment. [Scot.]\n\nThe inner or principal room in a hut or house of two rooms; -- opposed to but, the outer apartment. [Scot.]\n\nAn old form of the pl. indic. pr. of Be. [Obs.]\n\nA hoglike mammal of New Guinea (Porcula papuensis).", - "benacerraf": null, "bench": "1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. Sir W. Scott. 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. 3. The seat where judges sit in court. To pluck down justice from your awful bench. Shak. 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. -- Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. -- Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. -- Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. -- Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat.\n\n1. To furnish with benches. 'T was benched with turf. Dryden. Stately theaters benched crescentwise. Tennyson. 2. To place on a bench or seat of honor. Whom I . . . have benched and reared to worship. Shak.\n\nTo sit on a seat of justice. [R.] Shak.", "benched": null, "benches": null, "benching": null, - "benchley": null, "benchmark": null, "benchmarks": null, "bend": "1. To strain or move out of a straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve; to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; as, to bend a bow; to bend the knee. 2. To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to incline. \"Bend thine ear to supplication.\" Milton. Towards Coventry bend we our course. Shak. Bending her eyes . . . upon her parent. Sir W. Scott. 3. To apply closely or with interest; to direct. To bend his mind to any public business. Temple. But when to mischief mortals bend their will. Pope. 4. To cause to yield; to render submissive; to subdue. \"Except she bend her humor.\" Shak. 5. (Naut.) To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the ring of an anchor. Totten. To bend the brow, to knit the brow, as in deep thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown. Camden. Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.\n\n1. To be moved or strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to bow. The green earth's end Where the bowed welkin slow doth bend. Milton. 2. To jut over; to overhang. There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully in the confined deep. Shak. 3. To be inclined; to be directed. To whom our vows and wished bend. Milton. 4. To bow in prayer, or in token of submission. While each to his great Father bends. Coleridge.\n\n1. A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; as, a slight bend of the body; a bend in a road. 2. Turn; purpose; inclination; ends. [Obs.] Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my bend. Fletcher. 3. (Naut.) A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post. Totten. 4. (Leather Trade) The best quality of sole leather; a butt. See Butt. 5. (Mining) Hard, indurated clay; bind. Bends of a ship, the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top of the sides; as, the midship bend.\n\n1. A band. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Etym: [OF. bende, bande, F. bande. See Band.] (Her.) One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the dexter chief to the sinister base. Bend sinister (Her.), an honorable ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base.", "bendable": "Capable of being bent.", "bender": "1. One who, or that which, bends. 2. An instrument used for bending. 3. A drunken spree. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett. 4. A sixpence. [Slang, Eng.]", "benders": "1. One who, or that which, bends. 2. An instrument used for bending. 3. A drunken spree. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett. 4. A sixpence. [Slang, Eng.]", - "bendictus": null, "bendier": null, "bendiest": null, "bending": "The marking of the clothes with stripes or horizontal bands. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "bendix": null, "bends": "1. To strain or move out of a straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve; to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; as, to bend a bow; to bend the knee. 2. To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to incline. \"Bend thine ear to supplication.\" Milton. Towards Coventry bend we our course. Shak. Bending her eyes . . . upon her parent. Sir W. Scott. 3. To apply closely or with interest; to direct. To bend his mind to any public business. Temple. But when to mischief mortals bend their will. Pope. 4. To cause to yield; to render submissive; to subdue. \"Except she bend her humor.\" Shak. 5. (Naut.) To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the ring of an anchor. Totten. To bend the brow, to knit the brow, as in deep thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown. Camden. Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.\n\n1. To be moved or strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to bow. The green earth's end Where the bowed welkin slow doth bend. Milton. 2. To jut over; to overhang. There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully in the confined deep. Shak. 3. To be inclined; to be directed. To whom our vows and wished bend. Milton. 4. To bow in prayer, or in token of submission. While each to his great Father bends. Coleridge.\n\n1. A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; as, a slight bend of the body; a bend in a road. 2. Turn; purpose; inclination; ends. [Obs.] Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my bend. Fletcher. 3. (Naut.) A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post. Totten. 4. (Leather Trade) The best quality of sole leather; a butt. See Butt. 5. (Mining) Hard, indurated clay; bind. Bends of a ship, the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top of the sides; as, the midship bend.\n\n1. A band. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Etym: [OF. bende, bande, F. bande. See Band.] (Her.) One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the dexter chief to the sinister base. Bend sinister (Her.), an honorable ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base.", "bendy": "Divided into an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or its charge. Cussans.", "beneath": "1. Lower in place, with something directly over or on; under; underneath; hence, at the foot of. \"Beneath the mount.\" Ex. xxxii. 19. Beneath a rude and nameless stone he lies. Pope. 2. Under, in relation to something that is superior, or that oppresses or burdens. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. 3. Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than; as, brutes are beneath man; man is beneath angels in the scale of beings. Hence: Unworthy of; unbecoming. He will do nothing that is beneath his high station. Atterbury.\n\n1. In a lower place; underneath. The earth you take from beneath will be barren. Mortimer. 2. Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region or position; as, in earth beneath.", - "benedict": "A married man, or a man newly married.\n\nHaving mild and salubrious qualities. [Obs.] Bacon.", "benedictine": "Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.\n\nOne of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into the United States in 1846. Note: The Benedictines wear black clothing, and are sometimes called Black Monks. The name Black Fr which belongs to the Dominicans, is also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.", - "benedictines": "Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.\n\nOne of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into the United States in 1846. Note: The Benedictines wear black clothing, and are sometimes called Black Monks. The name Black Fr which belongs to the Dominicans, is also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.", "benediction": "1. The act of blessing. 2. A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer, or kind wishes in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness. So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus Followed with benediction. Milton. Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction upon her. Longfellow. Specifically: The short prayer which closes public worship; as, to give the benediction. 3. (Eccl.) The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop. Ayliffe. 4. (R. C. Ch.) A solemn rite by which bells, banners, candles, etc., are blessed with holy water, and formally dedicated to God.", "benedictions": "1. The act of blessing. 2. A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer, or kind wishes in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness. So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus Followed with benediction. Milton. Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction upon her. Longfellow. Specifically: The short prayer which closes public worship; as, to give the benediction. 3. (Eccl.) The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop. Ayliffe. 4. (R. C. Ch.) A solemn rite by which bells, banners, candles, etc., are blessed with holy water, and formally dedicated to God.", "benedictory": "Expressing wishes for good; as, a benedictory prayer. Thackeray.", @@ -6785,36 +5759,17 @@ "benefited": null, "benefiting": null, "benefits": "1. An act of kindness; a favor conferred. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Ps. ciii. 2. 2. Whatever promotes prosperity and personal happiness, or adds value to property; advantage; profit. Men have no right to what is not for their benefit. Burke. 3. A theatrical performance, a concert, or the like, the proceeds of which do not go to the lessee of the theater or to the company, but to some individual actor, or to some charitable use. 4. Beneficence; liberality. [Obs.] Webster (1623). 5. pl. Natural advantaged; endowments; accomplishments. [R.] \"The benefits of your own country.\" Shak. Benefit of clergy. (Law) See under Clergy. Syn. -- Profit; service; use; avail. See Advantage.\n\nTo be beneficial to; to do good to; to advantage; to advance in health or prosperity; to be useful to; to profit. I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would benefit them. Jer. xviii. 10.\n\nTo gain advantage; to make improvement; to profit; as, he will benefit by the change.", - "benelux": null, - "benet": "To catch in a net; to insnare. Shak.", - "benetton": null, "benevolence": "1. The disposition to do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness. The wakeful benevolence of the gospel. Chalmers. 2. An act of kindness; good done; charity given. 3. A species of compulsory contribution or tax, which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England, and falsely represented as a gratuity. Syn. -- Benevolence, Beneficence, Munificence. Benevolence marks a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of others. Beneficence marks the working of this disposition in dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale. Munificence shows the same disposition, but acting on a still broader scale, in conferring gifts and favors. These are not necessarily confined to objects of immediate utility. One may show his munificence in presents of pictures or jewelry, but this would not be beneficence. Benevolence of heart; beneficence of life; munificence in the encouragement of letters.", "benevolences": "1. The disposition to do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness. The wakeful benevolence of the gospel. Chalmers. 2. An act of kindness; good done; charity given. 3. A species of compulsory contribution or tax, which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England, and falsely represented as a gratuity. Syn. -- Benevolence, Beneficence, Munificence. Benevolence marks a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of others. Beneficence marks the working of this disposition in dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale. Munificence shows the same disposition, but acting on a still broader scale, in conferring gifts and favors. These are not necessarily confined to objects of immediate utility. One may show his munificence in presents of pictures or jewelry, but this would not be beneficence. Benevolence of heart; beneficence of life; munificence in the encouragement of letters.", "benevolent": "Having a disposition to do good; possessing or manifesting love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to good objects; kind; charitable. -- Be*nev\"o*lent*ly, adv. Syn. -- Benevolent, Beneficent. Etymologically considered, benevolent implies wishing well to others, and beneficent, doing well. But by degrees the word benevolent has been widened to include not only feelings, but actions; thus, we speak of benevolent operations, benevolent labors for the public good, benevolent societies. In like manner, beneficent is now often applied to feelings; thus, we speak of the beneficent intentions of a donor. This extension of the terms enables us to mark nicer shades of meaning. Thus, the phrase \"benevolent labors\" turns attention to the source of these labors, viz., benevolent feeling; while beneficent would simply mark them as productive of good. So, \"beneficent intentions\" point to the feelings of the donor as bent upon some specific good act; while \"benevolent intentions\" would only denote a general wish and design to do good.", "benevolently": null, - "bengal": "1. A province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals, etc. 2. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally brought from Bengal. 3. Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal; Bengal stripes. Bengal light, a firework containing niter, sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid colored light, used in making signals and in pyrotechnics; -- called also blue light. -- Bengal stripes, a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored stripes. See Bengal, 3. -- Bengal tiger. (Zoöl.). See Tiger.", - "bengali": "The language spoken in Bengal.", - "bengals": "1. A province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals, etc. 2. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally brought from Bengal. 3. Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal; Bengal stripes. Bengal light, a firework containing niter, sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid colored light, used in making signals and in pyrotechnics; -- called also blue light. -- Bengal stripes, a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored stripes. See Bengal, 3. -- Bengal tiger. (Zoöl.). See Tiger.", - "benghazi": null, "benighted": null, "benightedly": null, "benign": "1. Of a kind or gentle disposition; gracious; generous; favorable; benignant. Creator bounteous and benign. Milton. 2. Exhibiting or manifesting kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.; mild; kindly; salutary; wholesome. Kind influences and benign aspects. South. 3. Of a mild type or character; as, a benign disease. Syn. -- Kind; propitious; bland; genial; salubrious; favorable salutary; gracious; liberal.", "benignant": "Kind; gracious; favorable. -- Be*nig\"nant*ly, adv.", "benignity": "1. The quality of being benign; goodness; kindness; graciousness. \"Benignity of aspect.\" Sir W. Scott. 2. Mildness; gentleness. The benignity or inclemency of the season. Spectator. 3. Salubrity; wholesome quality. Wiseman.", "benignly": "In a benign manner.", - "benin": null, - "beninese": null, - "benita": null, - "benito": null, - "benjamin": "See Benzoin.\n\nA kind of upper coat for men. [Colloq. Eng.]", - "bennett": null, - "bennie": null, - "benny": null, - "benson": null, "bent": "imp. & p. p. of Bend.\n\n1. Changed by pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; as, a bent pin; a bent lever. 2. Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be resolved, determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character, disposition, desires, etc., and used with on; as, to be bent on going to college; he is bent on mischief.\n\n1. The state of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight line; flexure; curvity; as, the bent of a bow. [Obs.] Wilkins. 2. A declivity or slope, as of a hill. [R.] Dryden. 3. A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind; inclination; disposition; purpose; aim. Shak. With a native bent did good pursue. Dryden. 4. Particular direction or tendency; flexion; course. Bents and turns of the matter. Locke. 5. (Carp.) A transverse frame of a framed structure. 6. Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus. [Archaic] The full bent and stress of the soul. Norris. Syn. -- Predilection; turn. Bent, Bias, Inclination, Prepossession. These words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the mind which tends to decide its actions. Bent denotes a fixed tendency of the mind in a given direction. It is the widest of these terms, and applies to the will, the intellect, and the affections, taken conjointly; as, the whole bent of his character was toward evil practices. Bias is literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball used in bowling, and causing it to swerve from a straight course. Used figuratively, bias applies particularly to the judgment, and denotes something which acts with a permanent force on the character through that faculty; as, the bias of early education, early habits, etc. Inclination is an excited state of desire or appetency; as, a strong inclination to the study of the law. Prepossession is a mingled state of feeling and opinion in respect to some person or subject, which has laid hold of and occupied the mind previous to inquiry. The word is commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable impression of this kind being denominated a prejudice. \"Strong minds will be strongly bent, and usually labor under a strong bias; but there is no mind so weak and powerless as not to have its inclinations, and none so guarded as to be without its prepossessions.\" Crabb.\n\n1. A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse grass. His spear a bent, both stiff and strong. Drayton. 2. (Bot.) A grass of the genus Agrostis, esp. Agrostis vulgaris, or redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in America. 3. Any neglected field or broken ground; a common; a moor. [Obs.] Wright. Bowmen bickered upon the bent. Chevy Chase.", - "bentham": null, - "bentley": null, - "benton": null, "bentonite": null, "bents": "imp. & p. p. of Bend.\n\n1. Changed by pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; as, a bent pin; a bent lever. 2. Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be resolved, determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character, disposition, desires, etc., and used with on; as, to be bent on going to college; he is bent on mischief.\n\n1. The state of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight line; flexure; curvity; as, the bent of a bow. [Obs.] Wilkins. 2. A declivity or slope, as of a hill. [R.] Dryden. 3. A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind; inclination; disposition; purpose; aim. Shak. With a native bent did good pursue. Dryden. 4. Particular direction or tendency; flexion; course. Bents and turns of the matter. Locke. 5. (Carp.) A transverse frame of a framed structure. 6. Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus. [Archaic] The full bent and stress of the soul. Norris. Syn. -- Predilection; turn. Bent, Bias, Inclination, Prepossession. These words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the mind which tends to decide its actions. Bent denotes a fixed tendency of the mind in a given direction. It is the widest of these terms, and applies to the will, the intellect, and the affections, taken conjointly; as, the whole bent of his character was toward evil practices. Bias is literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball used in bowling, and causing it to swerve from a straight course. Used figuratively, bias applies particularly to the judgment, and denotes something which acts with a permanent force on the character through that faculty; as, the bias of early education, early habits, etc. Inclination is an excited state of desire or appetency; as, a strong inclination to the study of the law. Prepossession is a mingled state of feeling and opinion in respect to some person or subject, which has laid hold of and occupied the mind previous to inquiry. The word is commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable impression of this kind being denominated a prejudice. \"Strong minds will be strongly bent, and usually labor under a strong bias; but there is no mind so weak and powerless as not to have its inclinations, and none so guarded as to be without its prepossessions.\" Crabb.\n\n1. A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse grass. His spear a bent, both stiff and strong. Drayton. 2. (Bot.) A grass of the genus Agrostis, esp. Agrostis vulgaris, or redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in America. 3. Any neglected field or broken ground; a common; a moor. [Obs.] Wright. Bowmen bickered upon the bent. Chevy Chase.", "bentwood": null, @@ -6822,12 +5777,9 @@ "benumbed": "Made torpid; numbed; stupefied; deadened; as, a benumbed body and mind. -- Be*numbed\"ness, n.", "benumbing": null, "benumbs": "To make torpid; to deprive of sensation or sensibility; to stupefy; as, a hand or foot benumbed by cold. The creeping death benumbed her senses first. Dryden.", - "benz": null, - "benzedrine": null, "benzene": "A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum. Benzene nucleus, Benzene ring (Chem.), a closed chain or ring, consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule, C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are formed.", "benzine": "1. A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also petroleum spirit, petroleum benzine. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin, etc. 2. Same as Benzene. [R.] Note: The hydrocarbons of benzine proper are essentially of the marsh gas series, while benzene proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series.", "benzyl": "A compound radical, C6H5.CH2, related to toluene and benzoic acid; -- commonly used adjectively.", - "beowulf": null, "bequeath": "1. To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of personal property. My heritage, which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak. 2. To hand down; to transmit. To bequeath posterity somewhat to remember it. Glanvill. 3. To give; to offer; to commit. [Obs.] To whom, with all submission, on my knee I do bequeath my faithful services And true subjection everlastingly. Shak. Syn. -- To Bequeath, Devise. Both these words denote the giving or disposing of property by will. Devise, in legal usage, is property used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it is given is called the devisee. Bequeath is properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; i. e., of personal property; the gift is called a legacy, and he who receives it is called a legatee. In popular usage the word bequeath is sometimes enlarged so as to embrace devise; and it is sometimes so construed by courts.", "bequeathed": null, "bequeathing": null, @@ -6838,8 +5790,6 @@ "berated": null, "berates": "To rate or chide vehemently; to scold. Holland. Motley.", "berating": null, - "berber": "A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.", - "berbers": "A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.", "bereave": "1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away. Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Shak. Bereft of him who taught me how to sing. Tickell. 2. To take away from. [Obs.] All your interest in those territories Is utterly bereft you; all is lost. Shak. 3. To take away. [Obs.] Shall move you to bereave my life. Marlowe. Note: The imp. and past pple. form bereaved is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say bereaved or bereft by death of a relative, bereft of hope and strength. Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.", "bereaved": null, "bereavement": "The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by death.", @@ -6847,80 +5797,29 @@ "bereaves": "1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away. Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Shak. Bereft of him who taught me how to sing. Tickell. 2. To take away from. [Obs.] All your interest in those territories Is utterly bereft you; all is lost. Shak. 3. To take away. [Obs.] Shall move you to bereave my life. Marlowe. Note: The imp. and past pple. form bereaved is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say bereaved or bereft by death of a relative, bereft of hope and strength. Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.", "bereaving": null, "bereft": "of Bereave. BERENICE'S HAIR Ber`e*ni\"ce's Hair`. [See Berenice's, Locks, in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Astron.) See Coma Berenices, under Coma.", - "berenice": null, "beret": null, "berets": null, - "beretta": "Same as Berretta.", "berg": "A large mass or hill, as of ice. Glittering bergs of ice. Tennyson .", - "bergen": null, - "berger": null, - "bergerac": null, - "bergman": null, "bergs": "A large mass or hill, as of ice. Glittering bergs of ice. Tennyson .", - "bergson": null, - "beria": null, "beriberi": "An acute disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.", - "bering": null, "berk": null, - "berkeley": null, "berkelium": null, "berks": null, - "berkshire": null, - "berkshires": null, - "berle": null, - "berlin": "1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin. 2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool. Berlin black, a black varnish, drying with almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware. Ure. -- Berlin blue, Prussian blue. Ure. -- Berlin green, a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar to Prussian blue. -- Berlin iron, a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze. -- Berlin shop, a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials for such work. -- Berlin work, worsted embroidery.", - "berliner": null, - "berliners": null, - "berlins": "1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin. 2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool. Berlin black, a black varnish, drying with almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware. Ure. -- Berlin blue, Prussian blue. Ure. -- Berlin green, a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar to Prussian blue. -- Berlin iron, a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze. -- Berlin shop, a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials for such work. -- Berlin work, worsted embroidery.", - "berlioz": null, - "berlitz": null, "berm": "1. (Fort.) A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch. 2. (Engineering) A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.", "berms": "1. (Fort.) A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch. 2. (Engineering) A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.", - "bermuda": null, - "bermudan": null, - "bermudans": null, - "bermudas": null, - "bermudian": null, - "bermudians": null, - "bern": null, - "bernadette": null, - "bernadine": null, - "bernanke": null, - "bernard": null, - "bernardo": null, - "bernays": null, - "bernbach": null, - "bernese": "Pertaining to the city o -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Bern.", - "bernhardt": null, - "bernice": null, - "bernie": null, - "bernini": null, - "bernoulli": null, - "bernstein": null, - "berra": null, "berried": "Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; as, a berried shrub.", "berries": null, "berry": "1. Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry, mulberry, huckleberry, etc. 2. (Bot.) A small fruit that is pulpy or succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp, as the currant, grape, blueberry. 3. The coffee bean. 4. One of the ova or eggs of a fish. Travis. In berry, containing ova or spawn.\n\nTo bear or produce berries.\n\nA mound; a hillock. W. Browne.", "berrying": "A seeking for or gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.", "berrylike": null, "berserk": "1. (Scand. Myth.) One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds. Longfellow. 2. One who fights as if frenzied, like a Berserker.", - "bert": null, - "berta": null, - "bertelsmann": null, "berth": "1. (Naut.) (a) Convenient sea room. (b) A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess and reside. (c) The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf. 2. An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment. \"He has a good berth.\" Totten. 3. A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in. Berth deck, the deck next below the lower gun deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- To give (the land or any object) a wide berth, to keep at a distance from it.\n\n1. To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth; as, she was berthed stem to stern with the Adelaide. 2. To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; as, to berth a ship's company. Totten.", - "bertha": "A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.", "berthed": null, "berthing": "The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer strake. Smyth.", "berths": "1. (Naut.) (a) Convenient sea room. (b) A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess and reside. (c) The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf. 2. An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment. \"He has a good berth.\" Totten. 3. A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in. Berth deck, the deck next below the lower gun deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- To give (the land or any object) a wide berth, to keep at a distance from it.\n\n1. To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth; as, she was berthed stem to stern with the Adelaide. 2. To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; as, to berth a ship's company. Totten.", - "bertie": null, - "bertillon": null, - "bertram": "Pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).", - "bertrand": null, - "berwick": null, "beryl": "A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium.", "beryllium": "A metallic element found in the beryl. See Glucinum.", "beryls": "A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium.", - "berzelius": null, "beseech": "1. To ask or entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore. I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts. Shak. But Eve . . . besought his peace. Milton. Syn. -- To beg; to crave. -- To Beseech, Entreat, Solicit, Implore, Supplicate. These words agree in marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To solicit is to make a request, with some degree of earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior. To entreat implies greater urgency, usually enforced by adducing reasons or arguments. To beseech is still stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and imagination. To implore denotes increased fervor of entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To supplicate expresses the extreme of entreaty, and usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive supplicates a conqueror to spare his life. Men solicit by virtue of their interest with another; they entreat in the use of reasoning and strong representations; they beseech with importunate earnestness; they implore from a sense of overwhelming distress; they supplicate with a feeling of the most absolute inferiority and dependence.\n\nSolicitation; supplication. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.", "beseecher": "One who beseeches.", "beseechers": "One who beseeches.", @@ -6971,10 +5870,6 @@ "bespectacled": null, "bespoke": "imp. & p. p. of Bespeak.", "bespoken": null, - "bess": null, - "bessel": null, - "bessemer": null, - "bessie": null, "best": "1. Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good, kind, desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; as, the best man; the best road; the best cloth; the best abilities. When he is best, he is a little worse than a man. Shak. Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight. Milton. 2. Most advanced; most correct or complete; as, the best scholar; the best view of a subject. 3. Most; largest; as, the best part of a week. Best man, the only or principal groomsman at a wedding ceremony.\n\nUtmost; highest endeavor or state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; as, to do one's best; to the best of our ability. At best, in the utmost degree or extent applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances; as, life is at best very short. -- For best, finally. [Obs.] \"Those constitutions . . . are now established for best, and not to be mended.\" Milton. -- To get the best of, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or unfairly. -- To make the best of. (a) To improve to the utmost; to use or dispose of to the greatest advantage. \"Let there be freedom to carry their commodities where they can make the best of them.\" Bacon. (b) To reduce to the least possible inconvenience; as, to make the best of ill fortune or a bad bargain.\n\n1. In the highest degree; beyond all others. \"Thou serpent! That name best befits thee.\" Milton. He prayeth best, who loveth best All things both great and small. Coleridge. 2. To the most advantage; with the most success, case, profit, benefit, or propriety. Had we best retire I see a storm. Milton. Had I not best go to her Thackeray. 3. Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly; as, what is expedient is best known to himself.\n\nTo get the better of. [Colloq.]", "bested": null, "bestial": "1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts. Among the bestial herds to range. Milton. 2. Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below the dignity of reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly; sensual. Shak. Syn. -- Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low; depraved; sensual; filthy.\n\nA domestic animal; also collectively, cattle; as, other kinds of bestial. [Scot.]", @@ -7016,17 +5911,10 @@ "betas": "The second letter of the Greek alphabet, B, b. See B, and cf. etymology of Alphabet. Beta (B, b) is used variously for classifying, as: (a) (Astron.) To designate some bright star, usually the second brightest, of a constellation, as, b Aurigæ. (b) (Chem.) To distinguish one of two or more isomers; also, to indicate the position of substituting atoms or groups in certain compounds; as, b-naphthol. With acids, it commonly indicates that the substituent is in union with the carbon atom next to that to which the carboxyl group is attached.", "betcha": null, "betel": "A species of pepper (Piper betle), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate manynerved leaves.", - "betelgeuse": null, - "beth": null, - "bethany": null, - "bethe": null, - "bethesda": null, "bethink": "To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with of or that before the subject of thought. I have bethought me of another fault. Shak. The rest . . . may . . . bethink themselves, and recover. Milton. We bethink a means to break it off. Shak. Syn. -- To recollect; remember; reflect.\n\nTo think; to recollect; to consider. \"Bethink ere thou dismiss us.\" Byron.", "bethinking": null, "bethinks": "To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with of or that before the subject of thought. I have bethought me of another fault. Shak. The rest . . . may . . . bethink themselves, and recover. Milton. We bethink a means to break it off. Shak. Syn. -- To recollect; remember; reflect.\n\nTo think; to recollect; to consider. \"Bethink ere thou dismiss us.\" Byron.", - "bethlehem": "1. A hospital for lunatics; -- corrupted into bedlam. 2. (Arch.) In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread for the eucharist is made. Audsley.", "bethought": "imp. & p. p. of Bethink.", - "bethune": null, "betide": "To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer. What will betide the few Milton.\n\nTo come to pass; to happen; to occur. A salve for any sore that may betide. Shak. Note: Shakespeare has used it with of. \"What would betide of me \"", "betided": null, "betides": "To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer. What will betide the few Milton.\n\nTo come to pass; to happen; to occur. A salve for any sore that may betide. Shak. Note: Shakespeare has used it with of. \"What would betide of me \"", @@ -7052,31 +5940,22 @@ "betrothing": null, "betroths": "1. To contract to any one for a marriage; to engage or promise in order to marriage; to affiance; -- used esp. of a woman. He, in the first flower of my freshest age, Betrothed me unto the only heir. Spenser. Ay, and we are betrothed. Shak. 2. To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to. What man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her Deut. xx. 7. 3. To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration. Ayliffe.", "bets": "That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two parties, upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the act of giving such a pledge; a wager. \"Having made his bets.\" Goldsmith.\n\nTo stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to wager. John a Gaunt loved him well, and betted much money on his head. Shak. I'll bet you two to one I'll make him do it. O. W. Holmes.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Beat. [Obs.]\n\nAn early form of Better. [Obs.] To go bet, to go fast; to hurry. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "betsy": null, - "bette": null, "better": "1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; as, a better man; a better physician; a better house; a better air. Could make the worse appear The better reason. Milton. 2. Preferable in regard to rank, value, use, fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect. To obey is better than sacrifice. 1 Sam. xv. 22. It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes. Ps. cxviii. 9. 3. Greater in amount; larger; more. 4. Improved in health; less affected with disease; as, the patient is better. 5. More advanced; more perfect; as, upon better acquaintance; a better knowledge of the subject. All the better. See under All, adv. -- Better half, an expression used to designate one's wife. My dear, my better half (said he), I find I must now leave thee. Sir P. Sidney. -- To be better off, to be in a better condition. -- Had better. (See under Had). Note: The phrase had better, followed by an infinitive without to, is idiomatic. The earliest form of construction was \"were better\" with a dative; as, \"Him were better go beside.\" (Gower.) i. e., It would be better for him, etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the dative and had took the place of were. Thus we have the construction now used. By all that's holy, he had better starve Than but once think this place becomes thee not. Shak.\n\n1. Advantage, superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; as, to get the better of an enemy. 2. One who has a claim to precedence; a superior, as in merit, social standing, etc.; -- usually in the plural. Their betters would hardly be found. Hooker. For the better, in the way of improvement; so as to produce improvement. \"If I have altered him anywhere for the better.\" Dryden.\n\n1. In a superior or more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage, or success; as, Henry writes better than John; veterans fight better than recruits. I could have better spared a better man. Shak. 2. More correctly or thoroughly. The better to understand the extent of our knowledge. Locke. 3. In a higher or greater degree; more; as, to love one better than another. Never was monarch better feared, and loved. Shak. 4. More, in reference to value, distance, time, etc.; as, ten miles and better. [Colloq.] To think better of (any one), to have a more favorable opinion of any one. -- To think better of (an opinion, resolution, etc.), to reconsider and alter one's decision.\n\n1. To improve or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of. Love betters what is best. Wordsworth. He thought to better his circumstances. Thackeray. 2. To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially, socially, or otherwise. The constant effort of every man to better himself. Macaulay. 3. To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to excel. The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be bettered. Hooker. 4. To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of. [Obs.] Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and worse our foes. Milton. Syn. -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend; correct; emend; reform; advance; promote.\n\nTo become better; to improve. Carlyle.\n\nOne who bets or lays a wager.", "bettered": null, "bettering": null, "betterment": "1. A making better; amendment; improvement. W. Montagu. 2. (Law) An improvement of an estate which renders it better than mere repairing would do; -- generally used in the plural. [U. S.] Bouvier.", "betters": "1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; as, a better man; a better physician; a better house; a better air. Could make the worse appear The better reason. Milton. 2. Preferable in regard to rank, value, use, fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect. To obey is better than sacrifice. 1 Sam. xv. 22. It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes. Ps. cxviii. 9. 3. Greater in amount; larger; more. 4. Improved in health; less affected with disease; as, the patient is better. 5. More advanced; more perfect; as, upon better acquaintance; a better knowledge of the subject. All the better. See under All, adv. -- Better half, an expression used to designate one's wife. My dear, my better half (said he), I find I must now leave thee. Sir P. Sidney. -- To be better off, to be in a better condition. -- Had better. (See under Had). Note: The phrase had better, followed by an infinitive without to, is idiomatic. The earliest form of construction was \"were better\" with a dative; as, \"Him were better go beside.\" (Gower.) i. e., It would be better for him, etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the dative and had took the place of were. Thus we have the construction now used. By all that's holy, he had better starve Than but once think this place becomes thee not. Shak.\n\n1. Advantage, superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; as, to get the better of an enemy. 2. One who has a claim to precedence; a superior, as in merit, social standing, etc.; -- usually in the plural. Their betters would hardly be found. Hooker. For the better, in the way of improvement; so as to produce improvement. \"If I have altered him anywhere for the better.\" Dryden.\n\n1. In a superior or more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage, or success; as, Henry writes better than John; veterans fight better than recruits. I could have better spared a better man. Shak. 2. More correctly or thoroughly. The better to understand the extent of our knowledge. Locke. 3. In a higher or greater degree; more; as, to love one better than another. Never was monarch better feared, and loved. Shak. 4. More, in reference to value, distance, time, etc.; as, ten miles and better. [Colloq.] To think better of (any one), to have a more favorable opinion of any one. -- To think better of (an opinion, resolution, etc.), to reconsider and alter one's decision.\n\n1. To improve or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of. Love betters what is best. Wordsworth. He thought to better his circumstances. Thackeray. 2. To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially, socially, or otherwise. The constant effort of every man to better himself. Macaulay. 3. To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to excel. The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be bettered. Hooker. 4. To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of. [Obs.] Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and worse our foes. Milton. Syn. -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend; correct; emend; reform; advance; promote.\n\nTo become better; to improve. Carlyle.\n\nOne who bets or lays a wager.", - "bettie": null, "betting": null, "bettor": "One who bets; a better. Addison.", "bettors": "One who bets; a better. Addison.", - "betty": "1. Etym: [Supposed to be a cant word, from Betty, for Elizabeth, as such an instrument is also called Bess (i. e., Elizabeth) in the Canting Dictionary of 1725, and Jenny (i. e., Jane).] A short bar used by thieves to wrench doors open. [Written also bettee.] The powerful betty, or the artful picklock. Arbuthnot. 2. Etym: [Betty, nickname for Elizabeth.] A name of contempt given to a man who interferes with the duties of women in a household, or who occupies himself with womanish matters. 3. A pear-shaped bottle covered round with straw, in which olive oil is sometimes brought from Italy; -- called by chemists a Florence flask. [U. S.] Bartlett.", - "bettye": null, "between": "1. In the space which separates; betwixt; as, New York is between Boston and Philadelphia. 2. Used in expressing motion from one body or place to another; from one to another of two. If things should go so between them. Bacon. 3. Belonging in common to two; shared by both. Castor and Pollux with only one soul between them. Locke. 4. Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation; as, opposition between science and religion. An intestine struggle, open or secret, between authority and liberty. Hume. 5. With relation to two, as involved in an act or attribute of which another is the agent or subject; as, to judge between or to choose between courses; to distinguish between you and me; to mediate between nations. 6. In intermediate relation to, in respect to time, quantity, or degree; as, between nine and ten o'clock. Between decks, the space, or in the space, between the decks of a vessel. -- Between ourselves, Between you and me, Between themselves, in confidence; with the understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to others. Syn. -- Between, Among. Between etymologically indicates only two; as, a quarrel between two men or two nations; to be between two fires, etc. It is however extended to more than two in expressing a certain relation. I . . . hope that between public business, improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor caprice will find any place for entrance. Johnson. Among implies a mass or collection of things or persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money was equally divided among the ship's crew.\n\nIntermediate time or space; interval. [Poetic & R.] Shak.", "betwixt": "1. In the space which separates; between. From betwixt two aged oaks. Milton. 2. From one to another of; mutually affecting. There was some speech of marriage Betwixt myself and her. Shak. Betwixt and between, in a midway position; so-so; neither one thing nor the other. [Colloq.]", - "beulah": null, "bevel": "1. Any angle other than a right angle; the angle which one surface makes with another when they are not at right angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; as, to give a bevel to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the bevel of a piece of timber. 2. An instrument consisting of two rules or arms, jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given inclination; -- called also a bevel square. Gwilt.\n\n1. Having the slant of a bevel; slanting. 2. Hence: Morally distorted; not upright. [Poetic] I may be straight, though they themselves be bevel. Shak. A bevel angle, any angle other than one of 90º. -- Bevel wheel, a cogwheel whose working face is oblique to the axis. Knight.\n\nTo cut to a bevel angle; to slope the edge or surface of.\n\nTo deviate or incline from an angle of 90 Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevel. Swift.", "beveled": "1. Formed to a bevel angle; sloping; as, the beveled edge of a table. 2. (Min.) Replaced by two planes inclining equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge; having its edges replaces by sloping planes, as a cube or other solid.", "beveling": null, "bevels": "1. Any angle other than a right angle; the angle which one surface makes with another when they are not at right angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; as, to give a bevel to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the bevel of a piece of timber. 2. An instrument consisting of two rules or arms, jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given inclination; -- called also a bevel square. Gwilt.\n\n1. Having the slant of a bevel; slanting. 2. Hence: Morally distorted; not upright. [Poetic] I may be straight, though they themselves be bevel. Shak. A bevel angle, any angle other than one of 90º. -- Bevel wheel, a cogwheel whose working face is oblique to the axis. Knight.\n\nTo cut to a bevel angle; to slope the edge or surface of.\n\nTo deviate or incline from an angle of 90 Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevel. Swift.", "beverage": "1. Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; as, an intoxicating beverage. He knew no beverage but the flowing stream. Thomson. 2. Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink. 3. A treat, or drink money. [Slang]", "beverages": "1. Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; as, an intoxicating beverage. He knew no beverage but the flowing stream. Thomson. 2. Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink. 3. A treat, or drink money. [Slang]", - "beveridge": null, - "beverley": null, - "beverly": null, "bevies": null, "bevvies": null, "bevvy": null, @@ -7104,23 +5983,13 @@ "bewitchingly": null, "bewitchment": "1. The act of bewitching, or the state of being bewitched. Tylor. 2. The power of bewitching or charming. Shak.", "bey": "A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a beg; as, the bey of Tunis.", - "beyer": null, "beyond": "1. On the further side of; in the same direction as, and further on or away than. Beyond that flaming hill. G. Fletcher. 2. At a place or time not yet reached; before. A thing beyond us, even before our death. Pope. 3. Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than; as, the patient was beyond medical aid; beyond one's strength. 4. In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a greater degree than; above, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of any kind. \"Beyond expectation.\" Barrow. Beyond any of the great men of my country. Sir P. Sidney. Beyond sea. (Law) See under Sea. -- To go beyond, to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bed sense, to deceive or circumvent. That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter. 1 Thess. iv. 6.\n\nFurther away; at a distance; yonder. Lo, where beyond he lyeth languishing. Spenser.", "beys": "A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a beg; as, the bey of Tunis.", "bezel": "The rim which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.", "bezels": "The rim which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.", "bf": null, - "bff": null, "bhaji": null, - "bharat": null, - "bhopal": null, - "bhutan": null, - "bhutanese": null, - "bhutto": null, "bi": "1. In most branches of science bi- in composition denotes two, twice, or doubly; as, bidentate, two-toothed; biternate, doubly ternate, etc. 2. (Chem.) In the composition of chemical names bi- denotes two atoms, parts, or equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent is present in double the ordinary proportion; as, bichromate, bisulphide. Be- and di- are often used interchangeably.", - "bia": null, - "bialystok": null, - "bianca": null, "biannual": "Occurring twice a year; half-yearly; semiannual.", "biannually": null, "bias": "1. A weight on the side of the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the ball, which turns it from a straight line. Being ignorant that there is a concealed bias within the spheroid, which will . . . swerve away. Sir W. Scott. 2. A learning of the mind; propensity or prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind indifferent; bent inclination. Strong love is a bias upon the thoughts. South. Morality influences men's lives, and gives a bias to all their actions. Locke. 3. A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference. 4. A slant; a diagonal; as, to cut cloth on the bias. Syn. -- Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination. See Bent.\n\n1. Inclined to one side; swelled on one side. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.\n\nIn a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; as, to cut cloth bias.\n\nTo incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to prepossess. Me it had not biased in the one direction, nor should it have biased any just critic in the counter direction. De. Quincey.", @@ -7144,7 +6013,6 @@ "bibliophiles": "A lover of books.", "bibs": "1. A small piece of cloth worn by children over the breast, to protect the clothes. 2. (Zoöl.) An arctic fish (Gadus luscus), allied to the cod; -- called also pout and whiting pout. 3. A bibcock.\n\nTo drink; to tipple. [Obs.] This miller hath . . . bibbed ale. Chaucer.\n\nTo drink; to sip; to tipple. He was constantly bibbing. Locke.", "bibulous": "1. Readily imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; as, bibulous blotting paper. 2. Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling.", - "bic": null, "bicameral": "Consisting of, or including, two chambers, or legislative branches. Bentham.", "bicameralism": null, "bicarb": null, @@ -7182,10 +6050,8 @@ "bidders": "One who bids or offers a price. Burke.", "biddies": null, "bidding": "1. Command; order; a proclamation or notifying. \"Do thou thy master's bidding.\" Shak. 2. The act or process of making bids; an offer; a proposal of a price, as at an auction.", - "biddle": null, "biddy": "A name used in calling a hen or chicken. Shak.\n\nAn Irish serving woman or girl. [Colloq.]", "bide": "1. To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. All knees to thee shall bow of them that bide In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton. 2. To remain; to continue or be permanent in a place or state; to continue to be. Shak.\n\n1. To encounter; to remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to undergo. Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm. Shak. 2. To wait for; as, I bide my time. See Abide.", - "biden": null, "bides": "1. To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. All knees to thee shall bow of them that bide In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton. 2. To remain; to continue or be permanent in a place or state; to continue to be. Shak.\n\n1. To encounter; to remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to undergo. Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm. Shak. 2. To wait for; as, I bide my time. See Abide.", "bidet": "1. A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for carrying his baggage. B. Jonson. 2. A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz bath.", "bidets": "1. A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for carrying his baggage. B. Jonson. 2. A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz bath.", @@ -7199,7 +6065,6 @@ "biennium": null, "bienniums": null, "bier": "1. A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. 2. (Weaving) A count of forty threads in the warp or chain of woolen cloth. Knight.", - "bierce": null, "biers": "1. A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. 2. (Weaving) A count of forty threads in the warp or chain of woolen cloth. Knight.", "biff": null, "biffed": null, @@ -7218,13 +6083,11 @@ "bigamists": "One who is guilty of bigamy. Ayliffe.", "bigamous": "Guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy; as, a bigamous marriage.", "bigamy": "The offense of marrying one person when already legally married to another. Wharton. Note: It is not strictly correct to call this offense bigamy: it more properly denominated polygamy, i. e., having a plurality of wives or husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States the offense is classed under the head of polygamy. In the canon law bigamy was the marrying of two virgins successively, or one after the death of the other, or once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses the word in the latter sense. Blackstone. Bouvier. Base declension and loathed bigamy. Shak.", - "bigfoot": null, "bigger": ", compar. of Big.", "biggest": ", superl. of Big.", "biggie": null, "biggies": null, "biggish": null, - "biggles": null, "bighead": null, "bigheads": null, "bighearted": null, @@ -7241,7 +6104,6 @@ "bigotries": null, "bigotry": "1. The state of mind of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment of one's own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs opposed to them. 2. The practice or tenets of a bigot.", "bigots": "1. A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite. [Obs.] 2. A person who regards his own faith and views in matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals; one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party, belief, or opinion. To doubt, where bigots had been content to wonder and believe. Macaulay.\n\nBigoted. [Obs.] In a country more bigot than ours. Dryden.", - "bigquery": null, "bigwig": "A person of consequence; as, the bigwigs of society. [Jocose] In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the bigwigs with extreme condescension. Dickens.", "bigwigs": "A person of consequence; as, the bigwigs of society. [Jocose] In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the bigwigs with extreme condescension. Dickens.", "bijou": "A trinket; a jewel; -- a word applied to anything small and of elegant workmanship.", @@ -7254,15 +6116,12 @@ "biking": null, "bikini": null, "bikinis": null, - "biko": null, "bilabial": null, "bilabials": null, "bilateral": "1. Having two sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or two parties. 2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the two sides of a central area or organ, or of a central axis; as, bilateral symmetry in animals, where there is a similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the body.", "bilaterally": null, - "bilbao": null, "bilberries": null, "bilberry": "1. (Bot.) The European whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); also, its edible bluish black fruit. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak. 2. (Bot.) Any similar plant or its fruit; esp., in America, the species Vaccinium myrtilloides, V. cæspitosum and V. uliginosum.", - "bilbo": "1. A rapier; a sword; so named from Bilbao, in Spain. Shak. 2. pl. A long bar or bolt of iron with sliding shackles, and a lock at the end, to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders, esp. on board of ships. Methought I lay Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Shak.", "bile": "1. (Physiol.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters. 2. Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile. Prescott. Note: The ancients considered the bile to be the \"humor\" which caused irascibility.\n\nA boil. [Obs. or Archaic]", "bilge": "1. The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle. 2. (Naut.) That part of a ship's hull or bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she would rest if aground. 3. Bilge water. Bilge free (Naut.), stowed in such a way that the bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a cask. -- Bilge pump, a pump to draw the bilge water from the gold of a ship. -- Bilge water (Naut.), water which collects in the bilge or bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain till it becomes very offensive. -- Bilge ways, the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways, and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the vessel.\n\n1. (Naut.) To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. 2. To bulge.\n\n1. (Naut.) To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship or other vessel). 2. To cause to bulge.", "bilges": "1. The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle. 2. (Naut.) That part of a ship's hull or bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she would rest if aground. 3. Bilge water. Bilge free (Naut.), stowed in such a way that the bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a cask. -- Bilge pump, a pump to draw the bilge water from the gold of a ship. -- Bilge water (Naut.), water which collects in the bilge or bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain till it becomes very offensive. -- Bilge ways, the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways, and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the vessel.\n\n1. (Naut.) To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. 2. To bulge.\n\n1. (Naut.) To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship or other vessel). 2. To cause to bulge.", @@ -7294,7 +6153,6 @@ "billhooks": "A thick, heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning hedges, etc. When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a hand bill; when the handle is long, a hedge bill or scimiter.", "billiard": "Of or pertaining to the game of billiards. \"Smooth as is a billiard ball.\" B. Jonson.", "billiards": "A game played with ivory balls o a cloth-covered, rectangular table, bounded by elastic cushions. The player seeks to impel his ball with his cue so that it shall either strike (carom upon) two other balls, or drive another ball into one of the pockets with which the table sometimes is furnished.", - "billie": null, "billies": null, "billing": "Caressing; kissing.", "billings": "Caressing; kissing.", @@ -7319,7 +6177,6 @@ "bimetallic": "Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency.", "bimetallics": "Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency.", "bimetallism": "The legalized use of two metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a fixed relative value; -- in opposition to monometallism. Note: The words bimétallisme and monométallisme are due to M. Cernuschi [1869]. Littré.", - "bimini": null, "bimodal": null, "bimonthlies": null, "bimonthly": "Occurring, done, or coming, once in two months; as, bimonthly visits; bimonthly publications. -- n. A bimonthly publication.\n\nOnce in two months.", @@ -7339,7 +6196,6 @@ "binge": null, "binged": null, "binges": null, - "binghamton": null, "bingo": null, "binman": null, "binmen": null, @@ -7371,7 +6227,6 @@ "biofilm": null, "biofilms": null, "biog": null, - "biogen": "Bioplasm.", "biographer": "One who writes an account or history of the life of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch.", "biographers": "One who writes an account or history of the life of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch.", "biographic": "Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography. -- Bi`o*graph\"ic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -7379,7 +6234,6 @@ "biographically": null, "biographies": null, "biography": "1. The written history of a person's life. 2. Biographical writings in general.", - "bioko": null, "biol": null, "biologic": "Of or relating to biology. -- Bi`o*log\"ic*al*ly, adv.", "biological": "Of or relating to biology. -- Bi`o*log\"ic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -7455,16 +6309,12 @@ "birdlime": "An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares. Not birdlime or Idean pitch produce A more tenacious mass of clammy juice. Dryden. Note: Birdlime is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc.\n\no smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare. When the heart is thus birdlimed, then it cleaves to everything it meets with. Coodwin.", "birds": "1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2). That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. Shak. The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20). 2. (Zoöl.) A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See Aves. 3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird. 4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden. And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. Campbell. Arabian bird, the phenix. -- Bird of Jove, the eagle. -- Bird of Juno, the peacock. -- Bird louse (Zoöl.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite (Zoöl.), a small mite (genera Dermanyssus, Dermaleichus and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. -- Bird of passage, a migratory bird. -- Bird spider (Zoöl.), a very large South American spider (Mygale avicularia). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. -- Bird tick (Zoöl.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus Ornithomyia, and allies), usually winged.\n\n1. To catch or shoot birds. 2. Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve. [R.] B. Jonson.", "birdseed": "Canary seed, hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged birds. BIRD'S-EYE Bird's\"-eye`, a. 1. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a glance; hence, generalas, a bird's-eye view. 2. Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes; as, bird's-eye diaper; bird's-eye maple. BIRD'S-EYE Bird's\"-eye`, n. (Bot.) A plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's eye, the mealy primrose (Primula farinosa), and species of Veronica, Geranium, etc. BIRD'S-EYE MAPLE Bird's\"-eye` ma\"ple. See under Maple. BIRD'S-FOOT Bird's\"-foot`, n. (Bot.) A papilionaceous plant, the Ornithopus, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped with a short, clawlike point. Bird's-foot trefoil. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants (Lotus) with clawlike pods. L. corniculatas, with yellow flowers, is very common in Great Britain. (b) the related plant, Trigonella ornithopodioides, is also European. BIRD'S-MOUTH Bird's-mouth`, n. (Arch.) An interior acrow's-foot in the United States. BIRD'S NEST; BIRD'S-NEST Bird's\" nest`, or Bird's-nest, n. 1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young. 2. (Cookery) The nest of a small swallow (Collocalia nidifica and several allied species), of China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with soups. Note: The nests are found in caverns and fissures of cliffs on rocky coasts, and are composed in part of algæ. They are of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resemble isinglass. See Illust. under Edible. 3. (Bot.) An orchideous plant with matted roots, of the genus Neottia (N. nidus-avis.) Bird's-nest pudding, a pudding containing apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar. -- Yellow bird's nest, a plant, the Monotropa hypopitys. BIRD'S-NESTING Bird's-nest`ing, n. Hunting for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents. BIRD'S-TONGUE Bird's\"-tongue`, n. (Bot.) The knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare).", - "birdseye": null, "birdsong": null, "birdwatcher": null, "birdwatchers": null, "birdying": null, "biretta": "Same as Berretta.", "birettas": "Same as Berretta.", - "birkenstock": null, - "birmingham": null, - "biro": null, "birth": "1. The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; -- generally applied to human beings; as, the birth of a son. 2. Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction. Elected without reference to birth, but solely for qualifications. Prescott. 3. The condition to which a person is born; natural state or position; inherited disposition or tendency. A foe by birth to Troy's unhappy name. Dryden. 4. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth. \"At her next birth.\" Milton. 5. That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable. Poets are far rarer births that kings. B. Jonson. Others hatch their eggs and tend the birth till it is able to shift for itself. Addison. 6. Origin; beginning; as, the birth of an empire. New birth (Theol.), regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life. Syn. -- Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family.\n\nSee Berth. [Obs.] De Foe.", "birthday": "1. The day in which any person is born; day of origin or commencement. Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next The birthday of invention. Cowper. 2. The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth. This is my birthday; as this very day Was Cassius born. Shak.\n\nOf or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; as, birthday gifts or festivities.", "birthdays": "1. The day in which any person is born; day of origin or commencement. Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next The birthday of invention. Cowper. 2. The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth. This is my birthday; as this very day Was Cassius born. Shak.\n\nOf or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; as, birthday gifts or festivities.", @@ -7484,8 +6334,6 @@ "birthstone": null, "birthstones": null, "bis": "Twice; -- a word showing that something is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts.\n\nA form of Bi-, sometimes used before s, c, or a vowel.", - "biscay": null, - "biscayne": null, "biscuit": "1. A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; as, ship biscuit. According to military practice, the bread or biscuit of the Romans was twice prepared in the oven. Gibbon. 2. A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card. 3. Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing. 4. (Sculp.) A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in miniature. Meat biscuit, an alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form biscuits.", "biscuits": "1. A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; as, ship biscuit. According to military practice, the bread or biscuit of the Romans was twice prepared in the oven. Gibbon. 2. A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card. 3. Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing. 4. (Sculp.) A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in miniature. Meat biscuit, an alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form biscuits.", "bisect": "1. To cut or divide into two parts. 2. (Geom.) To divide into two equal parts.", @@ -7500,18 +6348,13 @@ "bisexuality": null, "bisexually": null, "bisexuals": "Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes.", - "bishkek": null, "bishop": "1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director. Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. 1 Pet. ii. 25. It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently \"bishop\" ( J. B. Lightfoot. 2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see. Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. Shipley. -- Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. -- Bench of Bishops. See under Bench. 3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents. 4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called archer. 5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar. Swift. 6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.] If, by her bishop, or her \"grace\" alone, A genuine lady, or a church, is known. Saxe.\n\nTo admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to favor.\n\nTo make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; as, to bishop an old horse or his teeth. Note: The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black. J. H. Walsh.", "bishopric": "1. A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. 2. The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or presbyter. Acts i. 20. BISHOP'S CAP Bish\"op's cap`. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Mitella; miterwort. Longfellow.", "bishoprics": "1. A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. 2. The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or presbyter. Acts i. 20. BISHOP'S CAP Bish\"op's cap`. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Mitella; miterwort. Longfellow.", "bishops": "1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director. Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. 1 Pet. ii. 25. It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently \"bishop\" ( J. B. Lightfoot. 2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see. Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. Shipley. -- Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. -- Bench of Bishops. See under Bench. 3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents. 4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called archer. 5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar. Swift. 6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.] If, by her bishop, or her \"grace\" alone, A genuine lady, or a church, is known. Saxe.\n\nTo admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to favor.\n\nTo make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; as, to bishop an old horse or his teeth. Note: The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black. J. H. Walsh.", - "bismarck": null, - "bismark": null, "bismuth": "One of the elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across. It melts at 507º Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of some minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol Bi. Note: Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is intermediate between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in thermo-electric piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the fusible alloy or metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance known. Bismuth glance, bismuth sulphide; bismuthinite. -- Bismuth ocher, a native bismuth oxide; bismite.", "bison": "(a) The aurochs or European bison. (b) The American bison buffalo (Bison Americanus), a large, gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers.", "bisque": "Unglazed white porcelain.\n\nA point taken by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis; also, an extra innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet.\n\nA white soup made of crayfish.", - "bisquick": null, - "bissau": null, "bistro": null, "bistros": null, "bit": "1. The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins are fastened. Shak. The foamy bridle with the bit of gold. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.\n\nTo put a bridle upon; to put the bit in the mouth of.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Bite.\n\n1. A part of anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a mite. 2. Somewhat; something, but not very great. My young companion was a bit of a poet. T. Hook. Note: This word is used, also, like jot and whit, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser. 3. A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes, usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See Bitstock. 4. The part of a key which enters the lock and acts upon the bolt and tumblers. Knight. 5. The cutting iron of a plane. Knight. 6. In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents. Bit my bit, piecemeal. Pope.\n\nof Bid, for biddeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.", @@ -7534,7 +6377,6 @@ "bitingly": "In a biting manner.", "bitmap": null, "bitmaps": null, - "bitnet": null, "bits": "1. The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins are fastened. Shak. The foamy bridle with the bit of gold. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.\n\nTo put a bridle upon; to put the bit in the mouth of.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Bite.\n\n1. A part of anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a mite. 2. Somewhat; something, but not very great. My young companion was a bit of a poet. T. Hook. Note: This word is used, also, like jot and whit, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser. 3. A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes, usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See Bitstock. 4. The part of a key which enters the lock and acts upon the bolt and tumblers. Knight. 5. The cutting iron of a plane. Knight. 6. In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents. Bit my bit, piecemeal. Pope.\n\nof Bid, for biddeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "bitten": "of Bite.\n\nTerminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse.", "bitter": "AA turn of the cable which is round the bitts. Bitter end, that part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and so within board, when the ship rides at anchor.\n\n1. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine; bitter as aloes. 2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; as, a bitter cold day. 3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind; calamitous; poignant. It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God. Jer. ii. 19. 4. Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; as, bitter reproach. Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them. Col. iii. 19. 5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable. The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage. Ex. i. 14. Bitter apple, Bitter cucumber, Bitter gourd. (Bot.) See Colocynth. -- Bitter cress (Bot.), a plant of the genus Cardamine, esp. C. amara. -- Bitter earth (Min.), tale earth; calcined magnesia. -- Bitter principles (Chem.), a class of substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical characteristics. -- Bitter salt, Epsom salts;; magnesium sulphate. -- Bitter vetch (Bot.), a name given to two European leguminous herbs, Vicia Orobus and Ervum Ervilia. -- To the bitter end, to the last extremity, however calamitous. Syn. -- Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe; acrimonious.\n\nAny substance that is bitter. See Bitters.\n\nTo make bitter. Wolcott.", @@ -7549,7 +6391,6 @@ "bittersweets": "Sweet and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with a bitter after taste; hence (Fig.), pleasant but painful.\n\n1. Anything which is bittersweet. 2. A kind of apple so called. Gower. 3. (Bot.) (a) A climbing shrub, with oval coral-red berries (Solanum dulcamara); woody nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a taste at first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the officinal dulcamara. (b) An American woody climber (Celastrus scandens), whose yellow capsules open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers the seeds; -- also called Roxbury waxwork.", "bittier": null, "bittiest": null, - "bittorrent": null, "bitty": null, "bitumen": "1. Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt. 2. By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.", "bituminous": "Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen; containing bitumen. Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed. Milton. Bituminous coal, a kind of coal which yields, when heated, a considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter. It burns with a yellow smoky flame. -- Bituminous limestone, a mineral of a brown or black color, emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap. -- Bituminous shale, an argillaceous shale impregnated with bitumen, often accompanying coal.", @@ -7566,9 +6407,6 @@ "biz": null, "bizarre": "Odd in manner or appearance; fantastic; whimsical; extravagant; grotesque. C. Kingsley.", "bizarrely": null, - "bizet": "The upper faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond, which projects from the setting and occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See Brilliant, n.", - "bjerknes": null, - "bjork": null, "bk": null, "bl": null, "blab": "To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without reserve or discretion. Udall. And yonder a vile physician blabbing The case of his patient. Tennyson.\n\nTo talk thoughtlessly or without discretion; to tattle; to tell tales. She must burst or blab. Dryden.\n\nOne who blabs; a babbler; a telltale. \"Avoided as a blab.\" Milton. For who will open himself to a blab or a babbler. Bacon.", @@ -7588,7 +6426,6 @@ "blackballed": null, "blackballing": null, "blackballs": "1. A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for taking impressions of engraved work. 2. A ball of black color, esp. one used as a negative in voting; -- in this sense usually two words.\n\n1. To vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to ostracize. He was blackballed at two clubs in succession. Thackeray. 2. To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with blacking.", - "blackbeard": null, "blackberries": null, "blackberry": "The fruit of several species of bramble (Rubus); also, the plant itself. Rubus fruticosus is the blackberry of England; R. villosus and R. Canadensis are the high blackberry and low blackberry of the United States. There are also other kinds.", "blackberrying": null, @@ -7596,7 +6433,6 @@ "blackbirds": "In England, a species of thrush (Turdus merula), a singing bird with a fin note; the merle. In America the name is given to several birds, as the Quiscalus versicolor, or crow blackbird; the Agelæus phoeniceus, or red-winged blackbird; the cowbird; the rusty grackle, etc. See Redwing.", "blackboard": "A broad board painted black, or any black surface on which writing, drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.", "blackboards": "A broad board painted black, or any black surface on which writing, drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.", - "blackburn": null, "blackcurrant": null, "blackcurrants": null, "blacked": null, @@ -7607,8 +6443,6 @@ "blacker": null, "blackest": null, "blackface": null, - "blackfeet": "A tribe of North American Indians formerly inhabiting the country from the upper Missouri River to the Saskatchewan, but now much reduced in numbers.", - "blackfoot": "Of or pertaining to the Blackfeet; as, a Blackfoot Indian. -- n. A Blackfoot Indian.", "blackguard": "1. The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by them, were jocularly called the \"black guard\"; also, the servants and hangers-on of an army. [Obs.] A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the black guard in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans. Webster (1612). 2. The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a town or community, collectively. [Obs.] 3. A person of stained or low character, esp. one who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a scoundrel; a rough. A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those of his class deserves to be called a blackguard. Macaulay. 4. A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin. [Obs.]\n\nTo revile or abuse in scurrilous language. Southey.\n\nScurrilous; abusive; low; worthless; vicious; as, blackguard language.", "blackguards": "1. The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by them, were jocularly called the \"black guard\"; also, the servants and hangers-on of an army. [Obs.] A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the black guard in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans. Webster (1612). 2. The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a town or community, collectively. [Obs.] 3. A person of stained or low character, esp. one who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a scoundrel; a rough. A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those of his class deserves to be called a blackguard. Macaulay. 4. A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin. [Obs.]\n\nTo revile or abuse in scurrilous language. Southey.\n\nScurrilous; abusive; low; worthless; vicious; as, blackguard language.", "blackhead": "The scaup duck.", @@ -7635,22 +6469,17 @@ "blackness": "The quality or state of being black; black color; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness. They're darker now than blackness. Donne.", "blackout": null, "blackouts": null, - "blackpool": null, "blacks": "1. The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing, prepared from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the wine press. 2. Soot flying in the air. [Eng.] 3. Black garments, etc. See Black, n., 4.", - "blacksburg": null, - "blackshirt": null, "blacksmith": "1. A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. The blacksmith may forge what he pleases. Howell. 2. (Zoöl.) A fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis), of a blackish color.", "blacksmiths": "1. A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. The blacksmith may forge what he pleases. Howell. 2. (Zoöl.) A fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis), of a blackish color.", "blacksnake": "A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in the United States, the Bascanium constrictor, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the Scotophis Alleghaniensis, seven or eight feet long. Note: The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as Natrix atra of Jamaica.", "blacksnakes": "A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in the United States, the Bascanium constrictor, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the Scotophis Alleghaniensis, seven or eight feet long. Note: The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as Natrix atra of Jamaica.", - "blackstone": null, "blackthorn": "(a) A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (Prunus spinosa), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe. (b) A species of Cratægus or hawthorn (C. tomentosa). Both are used for hedges.", "blackthorns": "(a) A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (Prunus spinosa), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe. (b) A species of Cratægus or hawthorn (C. tomentosa). Both are used for hedges.", "blacktop": null, "blacktopped": null, "blacktopping": null, "blacktops": null, - "blackwell": null, "bladder": "1. (Anat.) A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; as, the urinary bladder; the gall bladder; -- applied especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air. 2. Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery fluid. 3. (Bot.) A distended, membranaceous pericarp. 4. Anything inflated, empty, or unsound. \"To swim with bladders of philosophy.\" Rochester. Bladder nut, or Bladder tree (Bot.), a genus of plants (Staphylea) with bladderlike seed pods. -- Bladder pod (Bot.), a genus of low herbs (Vesicaria) with inflated seed pods. -- Bladdor senna (Bot.), a genus of shrubs (Colutea), with membranaceous, inflated pods. -- Bladder worm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of tapeworm (Tænia), found in the flesh or other parts of animals. See Measle, Cysticercus. -- Bladder wrack (Bot.), the common black rock weed of the seacoast (Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus) -- called also bladder tangle. See Wrack.\n\n1. To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. 2. To put up in bladders; as, bladdered lard.", "bladders": "1. (Anat.) A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; as, the urinary bladder; the gall bladder; -- applied especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air. 2. Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery fluid. 3. (Bot.) A distended, membranaceous pericarp. 4. Anything inflated, empty, or unsound. \"To swim with bladders of philosophy.\" Rochester. Bladder nut, or Bladder tree (Bot.), a genus of plants (Staphylea) with bladderlike seed pods. -- Bladder pod (Bot.), a genus of low herbs (Vesicaria) with inflated seed pods. -- Bladdor senna (Bot.), a genus of shrubs (Colutea), with membranaceous, inflated pods. -- Bladder worm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of tapeworm (Tænia), found in the flesh or other parts of animals. See Measle, Cysticercus. -- Bladder wrack (Bot.), the common black rock weed of the seacoast (Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus) -- called also bladder tangle. See Wrack.\n\n1. To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. 2. To put up in bladders; as, bladdered lard.", "blade": "1. Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes applied to the spire of grasses. The crimson dulse . . . with its waving blade. Percival. First the blade, then ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28. 2. The cutting part of an instrument; as, the blade of a knife or a sword. 3. The broad part of an oar; also, one of the projecting arms of a screw propeller. 4. The scapula or shoulder blade. 5. pl. (Arch.) The principal rafters of a roof. Weale. 6. pl. (Com.) The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell. De Colange. 7. A sharp-witted, dashing, wild, or reckless, fellow; -- a word of somewhat indefinite meaning. He saw a turnkey in a trice Fetter a troublesome blade. Coleridge.\n\nTo furnish with a blade.\n\nTo put forth or have a blade. As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded As ever in the Muses' garden bladed. P. Fletcher.", @@ -7662,9 +6491,6 @@ "blags": null, "blah": null, "blahs": null, - "blaine": null, - "blair": null, - "blake": null, "blamable": "Deserving of censure; faulty; culpable; reprehensible; censurable; blameworthy. -- Blam\"a*ble*ness, n. -- Blam\"a*bly (, adv.", "blame": "1. To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; to reproach. We have none to blame but ourselves. Tillotson. 2. To bring reproach upon; to blemish. [Obs.] She . . . blamed her noble blood. Spenser. To blame, to be blamed, or deserving blame; in fault; as, the conductor was to blame for the accident. You were to blame, I must be plain with you. Shak.\n\n1. An expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong; imputation of fault; censure. Let me bear the blame forever. Gen. xiiii. 9. 2. That which is deserving of censure or disapprobation; culpability; fault; crime; sin. Holy and without blame before him in love. Eph. i. 4. 3. Hurt; injury. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach; fault; sin; crime; wrongdoing.", "blamed": null, @@ -7677,10 +6503,7 @@ "blameworthy": "Deserving blame; culpable; reprehensible. -- Blame\"wor`thi*ness, n.", "blaming": null, "blammo": null, - "blanca": null, "blanch": "1. To take the color out of, and make white; to bleach; as, to blanch linen; age has blanched his hair. 2. (Gardening) To bleach by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up or tying them together. 3. (Confectionery & Cookery) (a) To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding; as, to blanch almonds. (b) To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling water and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and retain the juices. 4. To give a white luster to (silver, before stamping, in the process of coining.). 5. To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of tin. 6. Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance to; to whitewash; to palliate. Blanch over the blackest and most absurd things. Tillotson. Syn. -- To Blanch, Whiten. To whiten is the generic term, denoting, to render white; as, to whiten the walls of a room. Usually (though not of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing some white coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object in question. To blanch is to whiten by the removal of coloring matter; as, to blanch linen. So the cheek is blanched by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of the blood, which leaves it white.\n\nTo grow or become white; as, his cheek blanched with fear; the rose blanches in the sun. [Bones] blanching on the grass. Tennyson.\n\n1. To avoid, as from fear; to evade; to leave unnoticed. [Obs.] Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every man might express his malice and blanch his danger. Bacon. I suppose you will not blanch Paris in your way. Reliq. Wot. 2. To cause to turn aside or back; as, to blanch a deer.\n\nTo use evasion. [Obs.] Books will speak plain, when counselors blanch. Bacon.\n\nOre, not in masses, but mixed with other minerals.", - "blanchard": null, - "blanche": null, "blanched": null, "blanches": null, "blanching": null, @@ -7699,7 +6522,6 @@ "blandness": "The state or quality of being bland.", "blank": "1. Of a white or pale color; without color. To the blank moon Her office they prescribed. Milton. 2. Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in with some special writing; -- said of checks, official documents, etc.; as, blank paper; a blank check; a blank ballot. 3. Utterly confounded or discomfited. Adam . . . astonied stood, and blank. Milton. 4. Empty; void; without result; fruitless; as, a blank space; a blank day. 5. Lacking characteristics which give variety; as, a blank desert; a blank wall; destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; as, to live a blank existence; destitute of sensations; as, blank unconsciousness. 6. Lacking animation and intelligence, or their associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.; expressionless; vacant. \"Blank and horror-stricken faces.\" C. Kingsley. The blank . . . glance of a half returned consciousness. G. Eliot. 7. Absolute; downright; unmixed; as, blank terror. Blank bar (Law), a plea put in to oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called also common bar. -- Blank cartridge, a cartridge containing no ball. -- Blank deed. See Deed. -- Blank door, or Blank window (Arch.), a depression in a wall of the size of a door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should it be needed. -- Blank indorsement (Law), an indorsement which omits the name of the person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill. -- Blank line (Print.), a vacant space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of quadrats. -- Blank tire (Mech.), a tire without a flange. -- Blank tooling. See Blind tooling, under Blind. -- Blank verse. See under Verse. -- Blank wall, a wall in which there is no opening; a dead wall.\n\n1. Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument; an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a void. I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not forgive a blank of half an inch from you. Swift. From this time there ensues a long blank in the history of French legislation. Hallam. I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a blank. G. Eliot. 2. A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery on which no prize is indicated. In Fortune's lottery lies A heap of blanks, like this, for one small prize. Dryden. 3. A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters a blank ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are left vacant; a bland form. The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote, and their dissent by a blank. Palfrey. 4. A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc. 5. The point aimed at in a target, marked with a white spot; hence, the object to which anything is directed. Let me still remain The true blank of thine eye. Shak. 6. Aim; shot; range. [Obs.] I have stood . . . within the blank of his displeasure For my free speech. Shak. 7. A kind of base silver money, first coined in England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence. Nares. 8. (Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw, nuts. 9. (Dominoes) A piece or division of a piece, without spots; as, the \"double blank\"; the \"six blank.\" In blank, with an essential portion to be supplied by another; as, to make out a check in blank.\n\n1. To make void; to annul. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits of; to dispirit or confuse. [Obs.] Each opposite that blanks the face of joy. Shak.", "blanked": null, - "blankenship": null, "blanker": null, "blankest": null, "blanket": "1. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap, used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe; or any fabric used as a cover for a horse. 2. (Print.) A piece of rubber, felt, or woolen cloth, used in the tympan to make it soft and elastic. 3. A streak or layer of blubber in whales. Note: The use of blankets formerly as curtains in theaters explains the following figure of Shakespeare. Nares. Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark To cry, \"Hold, hold!\" Shak. Blanket sheet, a newspaper of folio size. -- A wet blanket, anything which damps, chills, dispirits, or discour\n\n1. To cover with a blanket. I'll . . . blanket my loins. Shak. 2. To toss in a blanket by way of punishment. We'll have our men blanket 'em i' the hall. B. Jonson. 3. To take the wind out of the sails of (another vessel) by sailing to windward of her. Blanket cattle. See Belted cattle, under Belted.", @@ -7710,7 +6532,6 @@ "blankly": "1. In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; as, to stare blankly. G. Eliot. 2. Directly; flatly; point blank. De Quincey.", "blankness": "The state of being blank.", "blanks": "1. Of a white or pale color; without color. To the blank moon Her office they prescribed. Milton. 2. Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in with some special writing; -- said of checks, official documents, etc.; as, blank paper; a blank check; a blank ballot. 3. Utterly confounded or discomfited. Adam . . . astonied stood, and blank. Milton. 4. Empty; void; without result; fruitless; as, a blank space; a blank day. 5. Lacking characteristics which give variety; as, a blank desert; a blank wall; destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; as, to live a blank existence; destitute of sensations; as, blank unconsciousness. 6. Lacking animation and intelligence, or their associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.; expressionless; vacant. \"Blank and horror-stricken faces.\" C. Kingsley. The blank . . . glance of a half returned consciousness. G. Eliot. 7. Absolute; downright; unmixed; as, blank terror. Blank bar (Law), a plea put in to oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called also common bar. -- Blank cartridge, a cartridge containing no ball. -- Blank deed. See Deed. -- Blank door, or Blank window (Arch.), a depression in a wall of the size of a door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should it be needed. -- Blank indorsement (Law), an indorsement which omits the name of the person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill. -- Blank line (Print.), a vacant space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of quadrats. -- Blank tire (Mech.), a tire without a flange. -- Blank tooling. See Blind tooling, under Blind. -- Blank verse. See under Verse. -- Blank wall, a wall in which there is no opening; a dead wall.\n\n1. Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument; an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a void. I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not forgive a blank of half an inch from you. Swift. From this time there ensues a long blank in the history of French legislation. Hallam. I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a blank. G. Eliot. 2. A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery on which no prize is indicated. In Fortune's lottery lies A heap of blanks, like this, for one small prize. Dryden. 3. A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters a blank ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are left vacant; a bland form. The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote, and their dissent by a blank. Palfrey. 4. A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc. 5. The point aimed at in a target, marked with a white spot; hence, the object to which anything is directed. Let me still remain The true blank of thine eye. Shak. 6. Aim; shot; range. [Obs.] I have stood . . . within the blank of his displeasure For my free speech. Shak. 7. A kind of base silver money, first coined in England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence. Nares. 8. (Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw, nuts. 9. (Dominoes) A piece or division of a piece, without spots; as, the \"double blank\"; the \"six blank.\" In blank, with an essential portion to be supplied by another; as, to make out a check in blank.\n\n1. To make void; to annul. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits of; to dispirit or confuse. [Obs.] Each opposite that blanks the face of joy. Shak.", - "blantyre": null, "blare": "To sound loudly and somewhat harshly. \"The trumpet blared.\" Tennyson.\n\nTo cause to sound like the blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly. To blare its own interpretation. Tennyson.\n\nThe harsh noise of a trumpet; a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a roar or bellowing. With blare of bugle, clamor of men. Tennyson. His ears are stunned with the thunder's blare. J. R. Drake.", "blared": null, "blares": "To sound loudly and somewhat harshly. \"The trumpet blared.\" Tennyson.\n\nTo cause to sound like the blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly. To blare its own interpretation. Tennyson.\n\nThe harsh noise of a trumpet; a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a roar or bellowing. With blare of bugle, clamor of men. Tennyson. His ears are stunned with the thunder's blare. J. R. Drake.", @@ -7748,8 +6569,6 @@ "blathering": null, "blathers": "To talk foolishly, or nonsensically. G. Eliot.\n\nVoluble, foolish, or nonsensical talk; -- often in the pl. Hall Caine.", "blats": "To cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless noise; to talk inconsiderately. [Low]\n\nTo utter inconsiderately. [Low] If I have anything on my mind, I have to blat it right out. W. D. Howells.", - "blatz": null, - "blavatsky": null, "blaze": "1. A stream of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of combustion; a bright flame. \"To heaven the blaze uprolled.\" Croly. 2. Intense, direct light accompanied with heat; as, to seek shelter from the blaze of the sun. O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon! Milton. 3. A bursting out, or active display of any quality; an outburst; a brilliant display. \"Fierce blaze of riot.\" \"His blaze of wrath.\" Shak. For what is glory but the blaze of fame Milton. 4. [Cf. D. bles; akin to E. blaze light.] A white spot on the forehead of a horse. 5. A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of the bark, usually as a surveyor's mark. Three blazes in a perpendicular line on the same tree indicating a legislative road, the single blaze a settlement or neighborhood road. Carlton. In a blaze, on fire; burning with a flame; filled with, giving, or reflecting light; excited or exasperated. -- Like blazes, furiously; rapidly. [Low] \"The horses did along like blazes tear.\" Poem in Essex dialect. Note: In low language in the U. S., blazes is frequently used of something extreme or excessive, especially of something very bad; as, blue as blazes. Neal. Syn. -- Blaze, Flame. A blaze and a flame are both produced by burning gas. In blaze the idea of light rapidly evolved is prominent, with or without heat; as, the blaze of the sun or of a meteor. Flame includes a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the flames.\n\n1. To shine with flame; to glow with flame; as, the fire blazes. 2. To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant light; to show a blaze. And far and wide the icy summit blazed. Wordsworth. 3. To be resplendent. Macaulay. To blaze away, to discharge a firearm, or to continue firing; -- said esp. of a number of persons, as a line of soldiers. Also used (fig.) of speech or action. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To mark (a tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark. I found my way by the blazed trees. Hoffman. 2. To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by blazed trees; as, to blaze a line or path. Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than blaze out the road to be traveled by others. Nott.\n\n1. To make public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous. On charitable lists he blazed his name. Pollok. To blaze those virtues which the good would hide. Pope. 2. (Her.) To blazon. [Obs.] Peacham.", "blazed": null, "blazer": "One who spreads reports or blazes matters abroad. \"Blazers of crime.\" Spenser.", @@ -7808,7 +6627,6 @@ "blenders": "One who, or that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used in blending.", "blending": "1. The act of mingling. 2. (Paint.) The method of laying on different tints so that they may mingle together while wet, and shade into each other insensibly. Weale.", "blends": "1. To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or associate so that the separate things mixed, or the line of demarcation, can not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to confound. Blending the grand, the beautiful, the gay. Percival. 2. To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil or corrupt; to blot; to stain. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate; harmonize.\n\nTo mingle; to mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each other, as colors. There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that blends with our conviviality. Irving.\n\nA thorough mixture of one thing with another, as color, tint, etc., into another, so that it cannot be known where one ends or the other begins.\n\nTo make blind, literally or figuratively; to dazzle; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "blenheim": null, "bless": "1. To make or pronounce holy; to consecrate And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3. 2. To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer prosperity or happiness upon; to grant divine favor to. The quality of mercy is . . . twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes. Shak. It hath pleased thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may continue forever before thee. 1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V. ) 3. To express a wish or prayer for the happiness of; to invoke a blessing upon; -- applied to persons. Bless them which persecute you. Rom. xii. 14. 4. To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or qualities upon; to invoke or confer a blessing on, -- as on food. Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them. Luke ix. 16. 5. To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross (one's self). [Archaic] Holinshed. 6. To guard; to keep; to protect. [Obs.] 7. To praise, or glorify; to extol for excellences. Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name. Ps. ciii. 1. 8. To esteem or account happy; to felicitate. The nations shall bless themselves in him. Jer. iv. 3. 9. To wave; to brandish. [Obs.] And burning blades about their heads do bless. Spenser. Round his armed head his trenchant blade he blest. Fairfax. Note: This is an old sense of the word, supposed by Johnson, Nares, and others, to have been derived from the old rite of blessing a field by directing the hands to all parts of it. \"In drawing [their bow] some fetch such a compass as though they would turn about and bless all the field.\" Ascham. Bless me! Bless us! an exclamation of surprise. Milton. -- To bless from, to secure, defend, or preserve from. \"Bless me from marrying a usurer.\" Shak. To bless the doors from nightly harm. Milton. -- To bless with, To be blessed with, to favor or endow with; to be favored or endowed with; as, God blesses us with health; we are blessed with happiness.", "blessed": "1. Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration; heavenly; holy. O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. Milton. 2. Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; happy; highly favored. All generations shall call me blessed. Luke i. 48. Towards England's blessed shore. Shak. 3. Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with happiness; blissful; joyful. \"Then was a blessed time.\" \"So blessed a disposition.\" Shak. 4. Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness, or heavenly felicity; as, the blessed in heaven. Reverenced like a blessed saint. Shak. Cast out from God and blessed vision. Milton. 5. (R. C. Ch.) Beatified. 6. Used euphemistically, ironically, or intensively. Not a blessed man came to set her [a boat] free. R. D. Blackmore.", "blessedly": "Happily; fortunately; joyfully. We shall blessedly meet again never to depart. Sir P. Sidney.", @@ -7817,9 +6635,7 @@ "blessing": "1. The act of one who blesses. 2. A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a wish of happiness pronounces. This is the blessing, where with Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel. Deut. xxxiii. 1. 3. A means of happiness; that which promotes prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift. Nature's full blessings would be well dispensed. Milton. 4. (Bib.) A gift. [A Hebraism] Gen. xxxiii. 11. 5. Grateful praise or worship.", "blessings": "1. The act of one who blesses. 2. A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a wish of happiness pronounces. This is the blessing, where with Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel. Deut. xxxiii. 1. 3. A means of happiness; that which promotes prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift. Nature's full blessings would be well dispensed. Milton. 4. (Bib.) A gift. [A Hebraism] Gen. xxxiii. 11. 5. Grateful praise or worship.", "bletch": null, - "blevins": null, "blew": "of Blow.", - "bligh": null, "blight": "1. To affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and fertility of. [This vapor] blasts vegetables, blights corn and fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to man. Woodward. 2. Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to mar essentially; to frustrate; as, to blight one's prospects. Seared in heart and lone and blighted. Byron.\n\nTo be affected by blight; to blast; as, this vine never blights.\n\n1. Mildew; decay; anything nipping or blasting; -- applied as a general name to various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the whole or a part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or atmospheric influences. 2. The act of blighting, or the state of being blighted; a withering or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in the whole or a part of a plant, etc. 3. That which frustrates one's plans or withers one's hopes; that which impairs or destroys. A blight seemed to have fallen over our fortunes. Disraeli. 4. (Zoöl.) A downy species of aphis, or plant louse, destructive to fruit trees, infesting both the roots and branches; -- also applied to several other injurious insects. 5. pl. A rashlike eruption on the human skin. [U. S.]", "blighted": null, "blighter": null, @@ -7903,7 +6719,6 @@ "blobbing": null, "blobs": "1. Something blunt and round; a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a bubble; a blister. Wright. 2. (Zoöl.) A small fresh-water fish (Uranidea Richardsoni); the miller's thumb.", "bloc": null, - "bloch": null, "block": "1. A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces; as, a block on which a butcher chops his meat; a block by which to mount a horse; children's playing blocks, etc. Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke, And Christmas blocks are burning. Wither. All her labor was but as a block Left in the quarry. Tennyson. 2. The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks when they are beheaded. Noble heads which have been brought to the block. E. Everett. 3. The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat. He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes with the next block. Shak. 4. A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or shops. 5. A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether occupied by buildings or not. The new city was laid out in rectangular blocks, each block containing thirty building lots. Such an average block, comprising 282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street. Lond. Quart. Rev. 6. A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased force; -- used especially in the rigging of ships, and in tackles. 7. (Falconry) The perch on which a bird of prey is kept. 8. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; as, a block in the way. 9. A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work. 10. (Print.) A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high. 11. A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] What a block art thou ! Shak. 12. A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See Block system, below. A block of shares (Stock Exchange), a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a lump. Bartlett. -- Block printing. (a) A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W. Williams. (b) A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter. -- Block system on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it.\n\n1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things; -- often followed by up; as, to block up a road or harbor. With moles . . . would block the port. Rowe. A city . . . besieged and blocked about. Milton. 2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each. 3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat. To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; as, to block out a plan.", "blockade": "1. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; as, the blockade of the ports of an enemy. Note: Blockade is now usually applied to an investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To constitute a blockade, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that port where its force can not be brought to bear. Kent. 2. An obstruction to passage. To raise a blockade. See under Raise.\n\n1. To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the introduction of supplies. See note under Blockade, n. \"Blockaded the place by sea.\" Gilpin. 2. Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress. Till storm and driving ice blockade him there. Wordsworth. 3. To obstruct entrance to or egress from. Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. Pope.", "blockaded": null, @@ -7928,7 +6743,6 @@ "blocking": "1. The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or blocks. 2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily.", "blocks": "1. A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces; as, a block on which a butcher chops his meat; a block by which to mount a horse; children's playing blocks, etc. Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke, And Christmas blocks are burning. Wither. All her labor was but as a block Left in the quarry. Tennyson. 2. The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks when they are beheaded. Noble heads which have been brought to the block. E. Everett. 3. The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat. He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes with the next block. Shak. 4. A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or shops. 5. A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether occupied by buildings or not. The new city was laid out in rectangular blocks, each block containing thirty building lots. Such an average block, comprising 282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street. Lond. Quart. Rev. 6. A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased force; -- used especially in the rigging of ships, and in tackles. 7. (Falconry) The perch on which a bird of prey is kept. 8. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; as, a block in the way. 9. A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work. 10. (Print.) A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high. 11. A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] What a block art thou ! Shak. 12. A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See Block system, below. A block of shares (Stock Exchange), a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a lump. Bartlett. -- Block printing. (a) A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W. Williams. (b) A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter. -- Block system on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it.\n\n1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things; -- often followed by up; as, to block up a road or harbor. With moles . . . would block the port. Rowe. A city . . . besieged and blocked about. Milton. 2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each. 3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat. To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; as, to block out a plan.", "blocs": null, - "bloemfontein": null, "blog": null, "blogged": null, "blogger": null, @@ -7940,11 +6754,9 @@ "blokish": null, "blond": "Of a fair color; light-colored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion.", "blonde": "Of a fair color; light-colored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion.\n\n1. A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes. [Written also blond.] 2. Etym: [So called from its color.] A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; -- called also blond lace.", - "blondel": null, "blonder": null, "blondes": "Of a fair color; light-colored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion.\n\n1. A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes. [Written also blond.] 2. Etym: [So called from its color.] A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; -- called also blond lace.", "blondest": null, - "blondie": null, "blondish": null, "blondness": "The state of being blond. G. Eliot.", "blonds": "Of a fair color; light-colored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion.", @@ -7993,13 +6805,8 @@ "bloomed": null, "bloomer": "1. A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat. 2. A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.", "bloomers": "1. A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat. 2. A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.", - "bloomfield": null, "blooming": "The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.\n\n1. Opening in blossoms; flowering. 2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.", - "bloomingdale": null, - "bloomington": null, "blooms": "1. A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud; flowers, collectively. The rich blooms of the tropics. Prescott. 2. The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open; as, the cherry trees are in bloom. \"Sight of vernal bloom.\" Milton. 3. A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms; as, the bloom of youth. Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter bloom, a more delicate and briefer beauty. Hawthorne. 4. The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly- gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness; a flush; a glow. A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the bloom upon it. Thackeray. 5. The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the surface of a picture. 6. A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on well- tanned leather. Knight. 7. (Min.) A popular term for a bright-hued variety of some minerals; as, the rose-red cobalt bloom.\n\n1. To produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in flower. A flower which once In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, Began to bloom. Milton. 2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give promise, as by or with flowers. A better country blooms to view, Beneath a brighter sky. Logan.\n\n1. To cause to blossom; to make flourish. [R.] Charitable affection bloomed them. Hooker. 2. To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant. [R.] Milton. While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day. Keats.\n\n(a) A mass of wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace, deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an oblong block by shingling. (b) A large bar of steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling, being a preliminary shape for further working.", - "bloomsburg": null, - "bloomsbury": null, "bloop": null, "blooped": null, "blooper": null, @@ -8061,21 +6868,16 @@ "blowzier": null, "blowziest": null, "blowzy": "Coarse and ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy.", - "blt": null, - "blts": null, - "blu": null, "blubber": "1. A bubble. At his mouth a blubber stood of foam. Henryson. 2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh. 3. (Zoöl.) A large sea nettle or medusa.\n\nTo weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish manner. She wept, she blubbered, and she tore her hair. Swift.\n\n1. To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears. Dear Cloe, how blubbered is that pretty face! Prior. 2. To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); -- with forth or out.", "blubbered": "Swollen; turgid; as, a blubbered lip. Spenser.", "blubbering": "The act of weeping noisily. He spake well save that his blubbering interrupted him. Winthrop.", "blubbers": "1. A bubble. At his mouth a blubber stood of foam. Henryson. 2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh. 3. (Zoöl.) A large sea nettle or medusa.\n\nTo weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish manner. She wept, she blubbered, and she tore her hair. Swift.\n\n1. To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears. Dear Cloe, how blubbered is that pretty face! Prior. 2. To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); -- with forth or out.", "blubbery": "1. Swollen; protuberant. 2. Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; as, a blubbery mass.", - "blucher": "A kind of half boot, named from the Prussian general Blücher. Thackeray.", "bludgeon": "A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon.", "bludgeoned": null, "bludgeoning": null, "bludgeons": "A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon.", "blue": "1. Having the color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter or darker; as, the deep, blue sea; as blue as a sapphire; blue violets. \"The blue firmament.\" Milton. 2. Pale, without redness or glare, -- said of a flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or devils; as, the candle burns blue; the air was blue with oaths. 3. Low in spirits; melancholy; as, to feel blue. 4. Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in prospect; as, thongs looked blue. [Colloq.] 5. Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; as, blue and sour religionists; suiting one who is over strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy mortality; as, blue laws. 6. Literary; -- applied to women; -- an abbreviation of bluestocking. [Colloq.] The ladies were very blue and well informed. Thackeray. Blue asbestus. See Crocidolite. -- Blue black, of, or having, a very dark blue color, almost black. -- Blue blood. See under Blood. -- Blue buck (Zoöl.), a small South African antelope (Cephalophus pygmæus); also applied to a larger species (Ægoceras leucophæus); the blaubok. -- Blue cod (Zoöl.), the buffalo cod. -- Blue crab (Zoöl.), the common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States (Callinectes hastatus). -- Blue curls (Bot.), a common plant (Trichostema dichotomum), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also bastard pennyroyal. -- Blue devils, apparitions supposed to be seen by persons suffering with delirium tremens; hence, very low spirits. \"Can Gumbo shut the hall door upon blue devils, or lay them all in a red sea of claret\" Thackeray. -- Blue gage. See under Gage, a plum. -- Blue gum, an Australian myrtaceous tree (Eucalyptus globulus), of the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine. The timber is very useful. See Eucalyptus. -- Blue jack, Blue stone, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Blue jacket, a man-of war's man; a sailor wearing a naval uniform. -- Blue jaundice. See under Jaundice. -- Blue laws, a name first used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven; hence, any puritanical laws. [U. S.] -- Blue light, a composition which burns with a brilliant blue flame; -- used in pyrotechnics and as a night signal at sea, and in military operations. -- Blue mantle (Her.), one of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms; -- so called from the color of his official robes. -- Blue mass, a preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill. McElrath. -- Blue mold, or mould, the blue fungus (Aspergillus glaucus) which grows on cheese. Brande & C. -- Blue Monday, a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent). -- Blue ointment (Med.), mercurial ointment. -- Blue Peter (British Marine), a blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of blue repeater, one of the British signal flags. -- Blue pill. (Med.) (a) A pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc. (b) Blue mass. -- Blue ribbon. (a) The ribbon worn by members of the order of the Garter; -- hence, a member of that order. (b) Anything the attainment of which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a prize. \"These [scholarships] were the blue ribbon of the college.\" Farrar. (c) The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total abstinence organizations, as of the Blue ribbon Army. -- Blue ruin, utter ruin; also, gin. [Eng. Slang] Carlyle. -- Blue spar (Min.), azure spar; lazulite. See Lazulite. -- Blue thrush (Zoöl.), a European and Asiatic thrush (Petrocossyphus cyaneas). -- Blue verditer. See Verditer. -- Blue vitriol (Chem.), sulphate of copper, a violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc. -- Blue water, the open ocean. -- To look blue, to look disheartened or dejected. -- True blue, genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by the Covenanters. For his religion . . . 'T was Presbyterian, true blue. Hudibras.\n\n1. One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky. 2. A pedantic woman; a bluestocking. [Colloq.] 3. pl. Etym: [Short for blue devils.] Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy. [Colloq.] Berlin blue, Prussian blue. -- Mineral blue. See under Mineral. -- Prussian blue. See under Prussian.\n\nTo make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc.", - "bluebeard": "The hero of a mediæval French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. -- Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to investigate. The Bluebeard chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must look. Carlyle.", "bluebell": "(a) A plant of the genus Campanula, especially the Campanula rotundifolia, which bears blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell. (b) A plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla nutans).", "bluebells": "(a) A plant of the genus Campanula, especially the Campanula rotundifolia, which bears blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell. (b) A plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla nutans).", "blueberries": null, @@ -8114,7 +6916,6 @@ "bluestockings": "1. A literary lady; a female pedant. [Colloq.] Note: As explained in Boswell's \"Life of Dr. Johnson\", this term is derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore blue stockings. He was so much distinguished for his conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be a great loss, so that the remark became common, \"We can do nothing without the blue stockings.\" Hence these meetings were sportively called bluestocking clubs, and the ladies who attended them, bluestockings. 2. (Zoöl.) The American avocet (Recurvirostra Americana).", "bluesy": null, "bluet": null, - "bluetooth": null, "bluets": "A name given to several different species of plants having blue flowers, as the Houstonia coerulea, the Centaurea cyanus or bluebottle, and the Vaccinium angustifolium.", "bluff": "1. Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship. \"Bluff visages.\" Irving. 2. Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front. \"A bluff or bold shore.\" Falconer. Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect. Judd. 3. Surly; churlish; gruff; rough. 4. Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; as, a bluff answer; a bluff manner of talking; a bluff sea captain. \"Bluff King Hal.\" Sir W. Scott. There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a proper defense in a moment of surprise. I. Taylor.\n\n1. A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face. Beach, bluff, and wave, adieu. Whittier. 2. An act of bluffing; an expression of self-confidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; as, that is only bluff, or a bluff. 3. A game at cards; poker. [U.S.] Bartlett.\n\n1. (Poker) To deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value. [U. S.] 2. To frighten or deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or resources; as, he bluffed me off. [Colloq.]\n\nTo act as in the game of bluff.", "bluffed": null, @@ -8172,12 +6973,7 @@ "blusters": "1. To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather. And ever-threatening storms Of Chaos blustering round. Milton. 2. To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way; to play the bully; to storm; to rage. Your ministerial directors blustered like tragic tyrants. Burke.\n\nTo utter, or do, with noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully. He bloweth and blustereth out . . . his abominable blasphemy. Sir T. More. As if therewith he meant to bluster all princes into a perfect obedience to his commands. Fuller.\n\n1. Fitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness. To the winds they set Their corners, when with bluster to confound Sea, air, and shore. Milton. 2. Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and boastful language. L'Estrange. Syn. -- Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence; confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.", "blustery": null, "blvd": null, - "blythe": null, - "bm": null, - "bmw": null, - "bo": "An exclamation used to startle or frighten. [Spelt also boh and boo.]", "boa": "1. (Zoöl.) A genus of large American serpents, including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (B. imperator), and the chevalier boa of Peru (B. eques). Note: The name is also applied to related genera; as, the dog-headed boa (Xiphosoma caninum). 2. A long, round fur tippet; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor.", - "boadicea": null, "boar": "The uncastrated male of swine; specifically, the wild hog.", "board": "1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc. Note: When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a plank. 2. A table to put food upon. Note: The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles. Halliwell. Fruit of all kinds . . . She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. Milton. 3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board. 4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc. Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. Clarendon. We may judge from their letters to the board. Porteus. 5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board. 6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards. 7. pl. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession. 8. Etym: [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. Border.] The border or side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship. \"Now board to board the rival vessels row.\" Dryden. See On board, below. (b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack. Note: Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard, sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard, seaboard; board measure. The American Board, a shortened form of \"The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions\" (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches). -- Bed and board. See under Bed. -- Board and board (Naut.), side by side. -- Board of control, six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. Stormonth. -- Board rule, a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board. Haldeman. -- Board of trade, in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce. -- Board wages. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging. Dryden. -- By the board, over the board, or side. \"The mast went by the board.\" Totten. Hence (Fig.), To go by the board, to suffer complete destruction or overthrow. -- To enter on the boards, to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] \"Having been entered on the boards of Trinity college.\" Hallam. -- To make a good board (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward. -- To make short boards, to tack frequently. -- On board. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] -- Returning board, a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election. [U.S.]\n\n1. To cover with boards or boarding; as, to board a house. \"The boarded hovel.\" Cowper. 2. Etym: [Cf. Board to accost, and see Board, n.] To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way. You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication. Totten. 3. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq. U. S.] 4. To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals. 5. To place at board, for compensation; as, to board one's horse at a livery stable.\n\nTo obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; as, he boards at the hotel. We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who board in the same house. Spectator.\n\nTo approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo. [Obs.] I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack. Shak.", "boarded": null, @@ -8220,13 +7016,10 @@ "boatyards": null, "bob": "1. Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; as, the bob at the end of a kite's tail. In jewels dressed and at each ear a bob. Dryden. 2. A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait. Or yellow bobs, turned up before the plow, Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow. Lauson. 3. A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float. 4. The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at the end of a plumb line. 5. A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in polishing spoons, etc. 6. A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; as, a bob of the head. 7. (Steam Engine) A working beam. 8. A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig. A plain brown bob he wore. Shenstone. 9. A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells. 10. The refrain of a song. To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the song. L'Estrange. 11. A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist. 12. A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick. He that a fool doth very wisely hit, Doth very foolishly, although he smart, Not to seem senseless of the bob. Shak. 13. A shilling. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.\n\n1. To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing) with a bob. \"He bobbed his head.\" W. Irving. 2. To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap. If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was suddenly bobbed on the face by the servants. Elyot. 3. To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch. Gold and jewels that I bobbed from him. Shak. 4. To mock or delude; to cheat. To play her pranks, and bob the fool, The shrewish wife began. Turbervile. 5. To cut short; as, to bob the hair, or a horse's tail.\n\n1. To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play loosely against anything. \"Bobbing and courtesying.\" Thackeray. 2. To angle with a bob. See Bob, n., 2 & 3. He ne'er had learned the art to bob For anything but eels. Saxe. To bob at an apple, cherry, etc. to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a string or floating in a tug of water.", "bobbed": null, - "bobbi": null, - "bobbie": null, "bobbies": null, "bobbin": "1. A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension. 2. A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc. 3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch. 4. (Haberdashery) A fine cord or narrow braid. 5. (Elec.) A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current. Bobbin and fly frame, a roving machine. -- Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace.", "bobbing": null, "bobbins": "1. A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension. 2. A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc. 3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch. 4. (Haberdashery) A fine cord or narrow braid. 5. (Elec.) A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current. Bobbin and fly frame, a roving machine. -- Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace.", - "bobbitt": null, "bobble": null, "bobbled": null, "bobbles": null, @@ -8251,7 +7044,6 @@ "bobtails": "An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail. Rag, tag, and bobtail, the rabble.\n\nBobtailed. \"Bobtail cur.\" Marryat.", "bobwhite": "The common qua(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); -- so called from its note.", "bobwhites": "The common qua(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); -- so called from its note.", - "boccaccio": null, "boccie": null, "bock": null, "bod": null, @@ -8265,8 +7057,6 @@ "bodged": null, "bodges": "A botch; a patch. [Dial.] Whitlock.\n\nTo botch; to mend clumsily; to patch. [Obs. or Dial.]\n\nSee Budge.", "bodging": null, - "bodhidharma": null, - "bodhisattva": "One who has reached the highest degree of saintship, so that in his next incarnation he will be a Buddha, or savior of the world. -- Bo\"dhi*sat`ship, n.", "bodice": "1. A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays. 2. A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it. Her bodice half way she unlaced. Prior.", "bodices": "1. A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays. 2. A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it. Her bodice half way she unlaced. Prior.", "bodied": "Having a body; -- usually in composition; as, able-bodied. A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good bodied. Hakluyt.", @@ -8275,7 +7065,6 @@ "boding": "Foreshowing; presaging; ominous. -- Bod\"ing*ly, adv.\n\nA prognostic; an omen; a foreboding.", "bodkin": "1. A dagger. [Obs.] When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak. 2. (Needlework) An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a 3. (Print.) A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking 4. A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle. Wedged whole ages in a bodkin's eye. Pope. 5. A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair. To sit, ride, or travel bodkin, to sit closely wedged between two persons. [Colloq.] Thackeray.\n\nSee Baudekin. [Obs.] Shirley.", "bodkins": "1. A dagger. [Obs.] When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak. 2. (Needlework) An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a 3. (Print.) A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking 4. A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle. Wedged whole ages in a bodkin's eye. Pope. 5. A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair. To sit, ride, or travel bodkin, to sit closely wedged between two persons. [Colloq.] Thackeray.\n\nSee Baudekin. [Obs.] Shirley.", - "bodleian": "Of or pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by him in the sixteenth century.", "bods": null, "body": "1. The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the physical person. Absent in body, but present in spirit. 1 Cor. v. 3 For of the soul the body form doth take. For soul is form, and doth the body make. Spenser. 2. The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc. Who set the body and the limbs Of this great sport together Shak. The van of the king's army was led by the general; . . . in the body was the king and the prince. Clarendon. Rivers that run up into the body of Italy. Addison. 3. The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed to the shadow. Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ. Col. ii. 17. 4. A person; a human being; -- frequently in composition; as, anybody, nobody. A dry, shrewd kind of a body. W. Irving. 5. A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; as, a legislative body; a clerical body. A numerous body led unresistingly to the slaughter. Prescott. 6. A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general collection; as, a great body of facts; a body of laws or of divinity. 7. Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others; as, a metallic body; a moving body; an aëriform body. \"A body of cold air.\" Huxley. By collision of two bodies, grind The air attrite to fire. Milton. 8. Amount; quantity; extent. 9. That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from the parts covering the limbs. 10. The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed; as, a wagon body; a cart body. 11. (Print.) The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); as, a nonpareil face on an agate body. 12. (Geom.) A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid figure. 13. Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; as, this color has body; wine of a good body. Note: Colors bear a body when they are capable of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat. -- Body cavity (Anat.), the space between the walls of the body and the inclosed viscera; the cælum; -- in mammals, divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities. -- Body of a church, the nave. -- Body cloth; pl. Body cloths, a cloth or blanket for covering horses. -- Body clothes. (pl.) 1. Clothing for the body; esp. underclothing. 2. Body cloths for horses. [Obs.] Addison. -- Body coat, a gentleman's dress coat. -- Body color (Paint.), a pigment that has consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or wash. -- Body of a law (Law), the main and operative part. -- Body louse (Zoöl.), a species of louse (Pediculus vestimenti), which sometimes infests the human body and clothes. See Grayback. -- Body plan (Shipbuilding), an end elevation, showing the conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length. -- Body politic, the collective body of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising political functions; also, a corporation. Wharton. As to the persons who compose the body politic or associate themselves, they take collectively the name of \"people\", or \"nation\". Bouvier. -- Body servant, a valet. -- The bodies seven (Alchemy), the metals corresponding to the planets. [Obs.] Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren (=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper. Chaucer. -- Body snatcher, one who secretly removes without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.; a resurrectionist. -- Body snatching (Law), the unauthorized removal of a dead body from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection.\n\nTo furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape; to embody. To body forth, to give from or shape to mentally. Imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown. Shak.", "bodybuilder": null, @@ -8286,18 +7075,11 @@ "bodysuit": null, "bodysuits": null, "bodywork": null, - "boeing": null, - "boeotia": null, - "boeotian": "Of or pertaining to Boeotia; hence, stupid; dull; obtuse. -- n. A native of Boeotia; also, one who is dull and ignorant.", - "boer": "A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent.", - "boers": "A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent.", - "boethius": null, "boffin": null, "boffins": null, "boffo": null, "bog": "1. A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a morass. Appalled with thoughts of bog, or caverned pit, Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread. R. Jago. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp. [Local, U. S.] Bog bean. See Buck bean. -- Bog bumper (bump, to make a loud noise), Bog blitter, Bog bluiter, Bog jumper, the bittern. [Prov.] -- Bog butter, a hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland. -- Bog earth (Min.), a soil composed for the most part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. P. Cyc. -- Bog moss. (Bot.) Same as Sphagnum. -- Bog myrtle (Bot.), the sweet gale. -- Bog ore. (Min.) (a) An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. (b) Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of manganese. -- Bog rush (Bot.), any rush growing in bogs; saw grass. -- Bog spavin. See under Spavin.\n\nTo sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and mire. At another time, he was bogged up to the middle in the slough of Lochend. Sir W. Scott.", "boga": null, - "bogart": null, "bogey": "A goblin; a bugbear. See Bogy.", "bogeyed": null, "bogeying": null, @@ -8317,16 +7099,13 @@ "bogies": "A four-wheeled truck, having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to support in part a locomotive on a railway track.", "bogon": null, "bogosity": null, - "bogota": null, "bogs": "1. A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a morass. Appalled with thoughts of bog, or caverned pit, Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread. R. Jago. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp. [Local, U. S.] Bog bean. See Buck bean. -- Bog bumper (bump, to make a loud noise), Bog blitter, Bog bluiter, Bog jumper, the bittern. [Prov.] -- Bog butter, a hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland. -- Bog earth (Min.), a soil composed for the most part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. P. Cyc. -- Bog moss. (Bot.) Same as Sphagnum. -- Bog myrtle (Bot.), the sweet gale. -- Bog ore. (Min.) (a) An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. (b) Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of manganese. -- Bog rush (Bot.), any rush growing in bogs; saw grass. -- Bog spavin. See under Spavin.\n\nTo sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and mire. At another time, he was bogged up to the middle in the slough of Lochend. Sir W. Scott.", "bogus": "Spurious; fictitious; sham; -- a cant term originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting anything counterfeit. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nA liquor made of rum and molasses. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.", "bogyman": null, "bogymen": null, - "bohemia": "1. A country of central Europe. 2. Fig.: The region or community of social Bohemians. See Bohemian, n., 3. She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton Reade.", "bohemian": "1. Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian, n., 2. 2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or \"Bohemian\" (see Bohemian, n., 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy. [Modern] Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five and thirty. Blackw. Mag. Artists have abandoned their Bohemian manners and customs nowadays. W. Black. Bohemian chatterer, or Bohemian waxwing (Zoöl.), a small bird of Europe and America (Ampelis garrulus); the waxwing. -- Bohemian glass, a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of color.\n\n1. A native of Bohemia. 2. The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family. 3. A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals. [Modern] Note: In this sense from the French bohémien, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular habits. She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both Bohemians by taste and circumstances. Thackeray.", "bohemianism": "The characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian. [Modern]", "bohemians": "1. Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian, n., 2. 2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or \"Bohemian\" (see Bohemian, n., 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy. [Modern] Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five and thirty. Blackw. Mag. Artists have abandoned their Bohemian manners and customs nowadays. W. Black. Bohemian chatterer, or Bohemian waxwing (Zoöl.), a small bird of Europe and America (Ampelis garrulus); the waxwing. -- Bohemian glass, a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of color.\n\n1. A native of Bohemia. 2. The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family. 3. A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals. [Modern] Note: In this sense from the French bohémien, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular habits. She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both Bohemians by taste and circumstances. Thackeray.", - "bohr": null, "boil": "1. To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of currents produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a state of ebullition; as, the water boils. 2. To be agitated like boiling water, by any other cause than heat; to bubble; to effervesce; as, the boiling waves. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. Job xii. 31. 3. To pass from a liquid to an aëriform state or vapor when heated; as, the water boils away. 4. To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot or fervid; as, his blood boils with anger. Then boiled my breast with flame and burning wrath. Surrey. 5. To be in boiling water, as in cooking; as, the potatoes are boiling. To boil away, to vaporize; to evaporate or be evaporated by the action of heat. -- To boil over, to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose self-control.\n\n1. To heat to the boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; as, to boil water. 2. To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation; as, to boil sugar or salt. 3. To subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking, cleansing, etc.; as, to boil meat; to boil clothes. The stomach cook is for the hall, And boileth meate for them all. Gower. 4. To steep or soak in warm water. [Obs.] To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform; but if you boil them in water, the new seeds will sprout sooner. Bacon. To boil down, to reduce in bulk by boiling; as, to boil down sap or sirup.\n\nAct or state of boiling. [Colloq.]\n\nA hard, painful, inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called the core. A blind boil, one that suppurates imperfectly, or fails to come to a head. -- Delhi boil (Med.), a peculiar affection of the skin, probably parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British troops) and especially at Delhi.", "boiled": "Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid; as, boiled meat; a boiled dinner; boiled clothes.", "boiler": "1. One who boils. 2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled. Note: The word boiler is a generic term covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc. 3. (Mech.) A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other purposes. Note: The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used the wagon boiler (shaped like the top of a covered wagon) which is still used with low pressures. Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as plain cylinder boilers, flue boilers, sectional and tubular boilers. Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part containing the flues. -- Boiler plate, Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers and tanks, for covering ships, etc. -- Cylinder boiler, one which consists of a single iron cylinder. -- Flue boilers are usually single shells containing a small number of large flues, through which the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney, and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. -- Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to the chimney. -- Multiflue boiler. Same as Tubular boiler, below. -- Sectional boiler, a boiler composed of a number of sections, which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of any desired capacity can be built up. -- Tubular boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See Illust. of Steam boiler, under Steam. -- Tubulous boiler. See under Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6, and 1st Flue.", @@ -8341,11 +7120,9 @@ "boinked": null, "boinking": null, "boinks": null, - "boise": null, "boisterous": "1. Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [Obs.] \"Boisterous sword.\" \"Boisterous hand.\" Shak. 2. Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy. The waters swell before a boisterous storm. Shak. The brute and boisterous force of violent men. Milton. 3. Noisy; rough; turbulent; as, boisterous mirth; boisterous behavior. I like not that loud, boisterous man. Addison. 4. Vehement; excessive. [R.] The heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for them. Woodward. Syn. -- Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement.", "boisterously": "In a boisterous manner.", "boisterousness": "The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness.", - "bojangles": null, "bola": null, "bolas": "A kind of missile weapon consisting of one, two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to the ends of a leather cord; -- used by the Gauchos of South America, and others, for hurling at and entangling an animal.", "bold": "1. Forward to meet danger; venturesome; daring; not timorous or shrinking from risk; brave; courageous. Throngs of knights and barons bold. Milton. 2. Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of danger; planned with courage; daring; vigorous. \"The bold design leased highly.\" Milton. 3. In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue liberties; over assuming or confident; lacking proper modesty or restraint; rude; impudent. Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voice. Shak. 4. Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or conventional rules, as in art, literature, etc.; taking liberties in o composition or expression; as, the figures of an author are bold. \"Bold tales.\" Waller. The cathedral church is a very bold work. Addison. 5. Standing prominently out to view; markedly conspicuous; striking the eye; in high relief. Shadows in painting . . . make the figure bolder. Dryden. 6. Steep; abrupt; prominent. Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears. Trumbull.\n\nTo make bold or daring. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo be or become bold. [Obs.]", @@ -8359,13 +7136,9 @@ "bolero": "A Spanish dance, or the lively music which accompanies it.", "boleros": "A Spanish dance, or the lively music which accompanies it.", "boles": "The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it. Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean. Tennyson.\n\nAn aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet. [Scot.] Open the bole wi'speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin. Sir W. Scott.\n\nA measure. See Boll, n., 2. Mortimer.\n\n1. Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See Clay, and Terra alba. 2. A bolus; a dose. Coleridge. Armenian bole. See under Armenian. -- Bole Armoniac, or Armoniak, Armenian bole. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "boleyn": null, "bolivar": null, "bolivares": null, "bolivars": null, - "bolivia": null, - "bolivian": "Of or pertaining to Bolivia. -- n. A native of Bolivia.", - "bolivians": "Of or pertaining to Bolivia. -- n. A native of Bolivia.", "boll": "1. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a globular form. 2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois. Also, a measure for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes spelled bole.]\n\nTo form a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed. The barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. Ex. ix. 31.", "bollard": "An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in veering or fastening ropes. Bollard timber (Naut.), a timber, also called a knighthead, rising just within the stem in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its end.", "bollards": "An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in veering or fastening ropes. Bollard timber (Naut.), a timber, also called a knighthead, rising just within the stem in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its end.", @@ -8377,15 +7150,8 @@ "bollockings": null, "bollocks": null, "bolls": "1. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a globular form. 2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois. Also, a measure for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes spelled bole.]\n\nTo form a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed. The barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. Ex. ix. 31.", - "bollywood": null, "bologna": "1. A city of Italy which has given its name to various objects. 2. A Bologna sausage. Bologna sausage Etym: [It. salsiccia di Bologna], a large sausage made of bacon or ham, veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin. -- Bologna stone (Min.), radiated barite, or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of radiating fibers, first discovered near Bologna. It is phosphorescent when calcined. -- Bologna vial, a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into pieces when its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping into it a fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it without injury.", - "bolshevik": null, - "bolsheviki": null, - "bolsheviks": null, - "bolshevism": null, - "bolshevist": null, "bolshie": null, - "bolshoi": null, "bolster": "1. A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; -- generally laid under the pillows. And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, This way the coverlet, another way the sheets. Shak. 2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress. This arm shall be a bolster for thy head. Gay. 3. Anything arranged to act as a support, as in various forms of mechanism, etc. 4. (Saddlery) A cushioned or a piece part of a saddle. 5. (Naut.) (a) A cushioned or a piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas, placed on the trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of the shrouds to rest on, to prevent chafing. (b) Anything used to prevent chafing. 6. A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end of a bridge girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on the abutment. 7. A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on which the bed or body rests. 8. The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the body of a railway car; the central and principal cross beam of a car truck. 9. (Mech.) the perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched. 10. (Cutlery) (a) That part of a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the handle. (b) The metallic end of a pocketknife handle. G. Francis. 11. (Arch.) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital. G. Francis. 12. (Mil.) A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation. Note: [See Illust. of Gun carriage.] Bolster work (Arch.), members which are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of certain classical styles.\n\n1. To support with a bolster or pillow. S. Sharp. 2. To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty or unusual effort; -- often with up. To bolster baseness. Drayton. Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton Reade.", "bolstered": "1. Supported; upheld. 2. Swelled out.", "bolstering": null, @@ -8395,9 +7161,7 @@ "bolthole": null, "boltholes": null, "bolting": "A darting away; a starting off or aside.\n\n1. A sifting, as of flour or meal. 2. (Law) A private arguing of cases for practice by students, as in the Inns of Court. [Obs.] Bolting cloth, wire, hair, silk, or other sieve cloth of different degrees of fineness; -- used by millers for sifting flour. McElrath. -- Bolting hutch, a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal; (fig.) a receptacle.", - "bolton": null, "bolts": "1. A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a crossbow or catapult, esp. a short, stout, blunt-headed arrow; a quarrel; an arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a dart. Look that the crossbowmen lack not bolts. Sir W. Scott. A fool's bolt is soon shot. Shak. 2. Lightning; a thunderbolt. 3. A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to fasten or hold something in place, often having a head at one end and screw thread cut upon the other end. 4. A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or gate; the portion of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the action of the key. 5. An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter. [Obs.] Away with him to prison! lay bolts enough upon him. Shak. 6. A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas or silk, often containing about forty yards. 7. A bundle, as of oziers. Bolt auger, an auger of large size; an auger to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights. -- Bolt and nut, a metallic pin with a head formed upon one end, and a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread cut upon the other end. See B, C, and D, in illust. above. Note: See Tap bolt, Screw bolt, and Stud bolt.\n\n1. To shoot; to discharge or drive forth. 2. To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw out. I hate when Vice can bolt her arguments. Milton. 3. To swallow without chewing; as, to bolt food. 4. (U. S. Politics) To refuse to support, as a nomination made by a party to which one has belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part. 5. (Sporting) To cause to start or spring forth; to dislodge, as conies, rabbits, etc. 6. To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or bolts, as a door, a timber, fetters; to shackle; to restrain. Let tenfold iron bolt my door. Langhorn. Which shackles accidents and bolts up change. Shak.\n\n1. To start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come or go suddenly; to dart; as, to bolt out of the room. This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, . . . And oft out of a bush doth bolt. Drayton. 2. To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt. His cloudless thunder bolted on their heads. Milton. 3. To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular path; as, the horse bolted. 4. (U.S. Politics) To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or a caucus with which one has been connected; to break away from a party.\n\nIn the manner of a bolt; suddenly; straight; unbendingly. [He] came bolt up against the heavy dragoon. Thackeray. Bolt upright. (a) Perfectly upright; perpendicular; straight up; unbendingly erect. Addison. (b) On the back at full length. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A sudden spring or start; a sudden spring aside; as, the horse made a bolt. 2. A sudden flight, as to escape creditors. This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated a bolt to America -- or anywhere. Compton Reade. 3. (U. S. Politics) A refusal to support a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected; a breaking away from one's party.\n\n1. To sift or separate the coarser from the finer particles of, as bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means. He now had bolted all the flour. Spenser. Ill schooled in bolted language. Shak. 2. To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; -- with out. Time and nature will bolt out the truth of things. L'Estrange. 3. (Law) To discuss or argue privately, and for practice, as cases at law. Jacob. To bolt to the bran, to examine thoroughly, so as to separate or discover everything important. Chaucer. This bolts the matter fairly to the bran. Harte. The report of the committee was examined and sifted and bolted to the bran. Burke.\n\nA sieve, esp. a long fine sieve used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter. B. Jonson.", - "boltzmann": null, "bolus": "A rounded mass of anything, esp. a large pill.", "boluses": null, "bomb": "1. A great noise; a hollow sound. [Obs.] A pillar of iron . . . which if you had struck, would make . . . a great bomb in the chamber beneath. Bacon. 2. (Mil.) A shell; esp. a spherical shell, like those fired from mortars. See Shell. 3. A bomb ketch. Bomb chest (Mil.), a chest filled with bombs, or only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause destruction by its explosion. -- Bomb ketch, Bomb vessel (Naut.), a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which mortars are mounted to be used in naval bombardments; -- called also mortar vessel. -- Bomb lance, a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used in whale fishing. -- Volcanic bomb, a mass of lava of a spherical or pear shape. \"I noticed volcanic bombs.\" Darwin.\n\nTo bombard. [Obs.] Prior.\n\nTo sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", @@ -8412,7 +7176,6 @@ "bombast": "1. Originally, cotton, or cotton wool. [Obs.] A candle with a wick of bombast. Lupton. 2. Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding. [Obs.] How now, my sweet creature of bombast! Shak. Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of bombast at least. Stubbes. 3. Fig.: High-sounding words; an inflated style; language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian. Yet noisy bombast carefully avoid. Dryden.\n\nHigh-sounding; inflated; big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic. [He] evades them with a bombast circumstance, Horribly stuffed with epithets of war. Shak. Nor a tall metaphor in bombast way. Cowley.\n\nTo swell or fill out; to pad; to inflate. [Obs.] Not bombasted with words vain ticklish ears to feed. Drayton.", "bombastic": "Characterized by bombast; highsounding; inflated. -- Bom*bas\"tic*al*ly, adv. A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology. Burke. Syn. -- Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent.", "bombastically": null, - "bombay": null, "bombed": null, "bomber": null, "bombers": null, @@ -8426,8 +7189,6 @@ "bombsites": null, "bonanza": "In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income. [Colloq. U. S.]", "bonanzas": "In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income. [Colloq. U. S.]", - "bonaparte": null, - "bonaventure": null, "bonbon": "Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty.", "bonbons": "Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty.", "bonce": "A boy's game played with large marbles.", @@ -8465,14 +7226,11 @@ "bongo": "Either of two large antelopes (Boöcercus eurycercus of West Africa, and B. isaaci of East Africa) of a reddish or chestnut-brown color with narrow white stripes on the body. Their flesh is especially esteemed as food.", "bongos": "Either of two large antelopes (Boöcercus eurycercus of West Africa, and B. isaaci of East Africa) of a reddish or chestnut-brown color with narrow white stripes on the body. Their flesh is especially esteemed as food.", "bongs": null, - "bonhoeffer": null, "bonhomie": "good nature; pleasant and easy manner.", "bonier": null, "boniest": null, - "boniface": "An innkeeper.", "boniness": "The condition or quality of being bony.", "boning": "1. The clearing of bones from fish or meat. 2. The manuring of land with bones. 3. A method of leveling a line or surface by sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range of properly spaced poles. See 3d Bone, v. t.", - "bonita": null, "bonito": "1. A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast. 2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and (S. Chilensis) of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes. 3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West Indies. 4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate canada), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United States.", "bonitos": "1. A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast. 2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and (S. Chilensis) of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes. 3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West Indies. 4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate canada), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United States.", "bonk": null, @@ -8480,16 +7238,11 @@ "bonkers": null, "bonking": null, "bonks": null, - "bonn": null, - "bonner": null, "bonnet": "1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap. [Obs.] Milton. Shak. 2. A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland. And pbonnets waving high. Sir W. Scott. 3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel. 4. Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or use; as, (a) (Fort.) A small defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated to screen the other part from enfilade fire. (b) A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a chimney, etc. (c) A frame of wire netting over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks. (d) A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect its occupants from objects falling down the shaft. (e) In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in the valve chambers. 5. (Naut.) An additional piece of canvas laced to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds. Hakluyt. 6. The second stomach of a ruminating animal. 7. An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc., who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy. [Cant] Bonnet head (Zoöl.), a shark (Sphyrna tiburio) of the southern United States and West Indies. -- Bonnet limpet (Zoöl.), a name given, from their shape, to various species of shells (family Calyptræidæ). -- Bonnet monkey (Zoöl.), an East Indian monkey (Macacus sinicus), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga. -- Bonnet piece, a gold coin of the time of James V. of Scotland, the king's head on which wears a bonnet. Sir W. Scott. -- To have a bee in the bonnet. See under Bee. -- Black bonnet. See under Black. -- Blue bonnet. See in the Vocabulary.\n\nTo take off the bonnet or cap as a mark of respect; to uncover. [Obs.] Shak.", "bonnets": "1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap. [Obs.] Milton. Shak. 2. A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland. And pbonnets waving high. Sir W. Scott. 3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel. 4. Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or use; as, (a) (Fort.) A small defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated to screen the other part from enfilade fire. (b) A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a chimney, etc. (c) A frame of wire netting over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks. (d) A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect its occupants from objects falling down the shaft. (e) In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in the valve chambers. 5. (Naut.) An additional piece of canvas laced to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds. Hakluyt. 6. The second stomach of a ruminating animal. 7. An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc., who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy. [Cant] Bonnet head (Zoöl.), a shark (Sphyrna tiburio) of the southern United States and West Indies. -- Bonnet limpet (Zoöl.), a name given, from their shape, to various species of shells (family Calyptræidæ). -- Bonnet monkey (Zoöl.), an East Indian monkey (Macacus sinicus), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga. -- Bonnet piece, a gold coin of the time of James V. of Scotland, the king's head on which wears a bonnet. Sir W. Scott. -- To have a bee in the bonnet. See under Bee. -- Black bonnet. See under Black. -- Blue bonnet. See in the Vocabulary.\n\nTo take off the bonnet or cap as a mark of respect; to uncover. [Obs.] Shak.", - "bonneville": null, - "bonnie": "See Bonny, a.", "bonnier": null, "bonniest": null, "bonny": "1. Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively and graceful. Till bonny Susan sped across the plain. Gay. Far from the bonnie banks of Ayr. Burns. 2. Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe. Be you blithe and bonny. Shak. Report speaks you a bonny monk, that would hear the matiSir W. Scott.\n\nA round and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not communicating with a vein.", - "bono": null, "bonobo": null, "bonobos": null, "bonsai": null, @@ -8532,7 +7285,6 @@ "booked": "1. Registered. 2. On the way; destined. [Colloq.]", "bookend": null, "bookends": null, - "booker": "One who enters accounts or names, etc., in a book; a bookkeeper.", "bookie": null, "bookies": null, "booking": null, @@ -8567,7 +7319,6 @@ "bookstores": "A store where books are kept for sale; -- called in England a bookseller's shop.", "bookworm": "1. (Zoöl.) Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books. Many species are known. 2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation. I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope.", "bookworms": "1. (Zoöl.) Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books. Many species are known. 2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation. I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope.", - "boole": null, "boolean": null, "boom": "1. (Naut.) A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib boom, the studding-sail boom, etc. 2. (Mech.) A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended. 3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor. [Obs.] 4. (Mil. & Naval) A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage. 5. (Lumbering) A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away. Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which the studding-sail booms traverse. -- The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are stowed. Totten.\n\nTo extend, or push, with a boom or pole; as, to boom out a sail; to boom off a boat.\n\n1. To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects. At eve the beetle boometh Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson. 2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon. Alarm guns booming through the night air. W. Irving. 3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail, before a free wind. She comes booming down before it. Totten. 4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go on rushingly.\n\n1. A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a booming. 2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy excitement; -- applied colloquially or humorously to market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of aspirants to office; as, a boom in the stock market; a boom in coffee. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nTo cause to advance rapidly in price; as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a \"boom\" for; as to boom Mr. C. for senator. [Colloq. U. S.]", "boombox": null, @@ -8589,7 +7340,6 @@ "boondogglers": null, "boondoggles": null, "boondoggling": null, - "boone": null, "boonies": null, "boons": "1. A prayer or petition. [Obs.] For which to God he made so many an idle boon. Spenser. 2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present. Every good gift and every perfect boon is from above. James i. 17 (Rev. Ver. ).\n\n1. Good; prosperous; as, boon voyage. [Obs.] 2. Kind; bountiful; benign. Which . . . Nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton. 3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial. A boon companion, loving his bottle. Arbuthnot.\n\nThe woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching.", "boor": "1. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman. 2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer. 3. A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in manners.", @@ -8611,7 +7361,6 @@ "booted": "1. Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as, a booted squire. 2. (Zoöl.) Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; -- said of the tarsus of some birds.", "bootee": "A half boot or short boot.", "bootees": "A half boot or short boot.", - "bootes": "A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus.", "booth": "1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation. Camden. 2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place.", "booths": "1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation. Camden. 2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place.", "booties": null, @@ -8645,10 +7394,8 @@ "bopping": null, "bops": null, "borax": "A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O. Borax bead. (Chem.) See Bead, n., 3.", - "bordeaux": "Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France. -- n. A claret wine from Bordeaux.", "bordello": "A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "bordellos": "A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", - "borden": null, "border": "1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink. Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham. In the borders of death. Barrow. 2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district. 3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish. 4. A narrow flower bed. Border land, land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively; as, the border land of science. -- The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent. -- Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier. Syn. -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine.\n\n1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; -- with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts. 2. To approach; to come near to; to verge. Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly. Abp. Tillotson.\n\n1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden. 2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest. The country is bordered by a broad tract called the \"hot region.\" Prescott. Shebah and Raamah . . . border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.] That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain in itself. Shak.", "bordered": null, "bordering": null, @@ -8657,9 +7404,7 @@ "borderline": null, "borderlines": null, "borders": "1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink. Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham. In the borders of death. Barrow. 2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district. 3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish. 4. A narrow flower bed. Border land, land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively; as, the border land of science. -- The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent. -- Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier. Syn. -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine.\n\n1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; -- with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts. 2. To approach; to come near to; to verge. Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly. Abp. Tillotson.\n\n1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden. 2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest. The country is bordered by a broad tract called the \"hot region.\" Prescott. Shebah and Raamah . . . border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.] That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain in itself. Shak.", - "bordon": null, "bore": "1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank. I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak. 2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole. Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood. T. W. Harris. 3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage through. \"What bustling crowds I bored.\" Gay. 4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester. He bores me with some trick. Shak. Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle. 5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.] I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored, it seems. Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects). 2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore. 3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort. They take their flight . . . boring to the west. Dryden. 4. (Ma To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; Crabb.\n\n1. A hole made by boring; a perforation. 2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube. The bores of wind instruments. Bacon. Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak. 3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber. 4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger. 5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.] Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak. 6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui. It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses. Hawthorne.\n\n(a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the Tsien-tang, in China. (b) Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British Channel.\n\nimp. of 1st & 2d Bear.", - "boreas": "The north wind; -- usually a personification.", "bored": null, "boredom": "1. The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of ennui. Dickens. 2. The realm of bores; bores, collectively.", "borehole": null, @@ -8667,21 +7412,10 @@ "borer": "1. One that bores; an instrument for boring. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which burrows in wood. See Teredo. (b) Any bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus, etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances. (c) One of the larvæ of many species of insects, which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See Apple borer, under Apple. (d) The hagfish (Myxine).", "borers": "1. One that bores; an instrument for boring. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which burrows in wood. See Teredo. (b) Any bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus, etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances. (c) One of the larvæ of many species of insects, which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See Apple borer, under Apple. (d) The hagfish (Myxine).", "bores": "1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank. I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak. 2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole. Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood. T. W. Harris. 3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage through. \"What bustling crowds I bored.\" Gay. 4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester. He bores me with some trick. Shak. Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle. 5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.] I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored, it seems. Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects). 2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore. 3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort. They take their flight . . . boring to the west. Dryden. 4. (Ma To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; Crabb.\n\n1. A hole made by boring; a perforation. 2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube. The bores of wind instruments. Bacon. Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak. 3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber. 4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger. 5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.] Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak. 6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui. It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses. Hawthorne.\n\n(a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the Tsien-tang, in China. (b) Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British Channel.\n\nimp. of 1st & 2d Bear.", - "borg": null, - "borges": null, - "borgia": null, - "borglum": null, - "borgs": null, "boring": "1. The act or process of one who, or that which, bores; as, the boring of cannon; the boring of piles and ship timbers by certain marine mollusks. One of the most important applications of boring is in the formation of artesian wells. Tomlinson. 2. A hole made by boring. 3. pl. The chips or fragments made by boring. Boring bar, a revolving or stationary bar, carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes. -- Boring tool (Metal Working), a cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round holes. Knight.", "boringly": null, - "boris": null, - "bork": null, - "borlaug": null, "born": "1. Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by birth. No one could be born into slavery in Mexico. Prescott. 2. Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by nature; innate; as, a born liar. \"A born matchmaker.\" W. D. Howells. Born again (Theol.), regenerated; renewed; having received spiritual life. \"Except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.\" John iii. 3. -- Born days, days since one was born; lifetime. [Colloq.]", "borne": "Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed. See Bear, v. t.", - "borneo": null, - "borobudur": null, - "borodin": null, "boron": "A nonmetallic element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals. Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B.", "borough": "1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Burrill. Erskine. 2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; as, the borough voted to lay a tax. Close borough, or Pocket borough, a borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a single person. -- Rotten borough, a name given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament.\n\n(a) An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king for the good behavior of each other. (b) The pledge or surety thus given. Blackstone. Tomlins.", "boroughs": "1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Burrill. Erskine. 2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; as, the borough voted to lay a tax. Close borough, or Pocket borough, a borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a single person. -- Rotten borough, a name given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament.\n\n(a) An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king for the good behavior of each other. (b) The pledge or surety thus given. Blackstone. Tomlins.", @@ -8695,18 +7429,12 @@ "borscht": null, "borstal": null, "borstals": null, - "boru": null, "borzoi": null, "borzois": null, - "bosch": null, - "bose": null, "bosh": "Figure; outline; show. [Obs.]\n\nEmpty talk; contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug. [Colloq.]\n\n1. One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the bed of a puddling or boiling furnace. 2. pl. The lower part of a blast furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of this part. 3. In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools and ingots are cooled.", - "bosnia": null, - "bosnian": null, "bosom": "1. The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything is pressed when embraced by them. You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shak. 2. The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness; se Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. Shak. If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job xxxi. 33. 3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold. Within the bosom of that church. Hooker. 4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; as, the bosom of the earth. \"The bosom of the ocean.\" Addison. 5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; as, the bosom of a shirt; a linen bosom. He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. Ex. iv. 6. 6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Shak. 7. A depression round the eye of a millstone. Knight.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the bosom. 2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; as, a bosom friend.\n\n1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish. Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. Shak. 2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom. To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. Pope.", "bosoms": "1. The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything is pressed when embraced by them. You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shak. 2. The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness; se Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. Shak. If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job xxxi. 33. 3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold. Within the bosom of that church. Hooker. 4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; as, the bosom of the earth. \"The bosom of the ocean.\" Addison. 5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; as, the bosom of a shirt; a linen bosom. He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. Ex. iv. 6. 6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Shak. 7. A depression round the eye of a millstone. Knight.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the bosom. 2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; as, a bosom friend.\n\n1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish. Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. Shak. 2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom. To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. Pope.", "bosomy": "Characterized by recesses or sheltered hollows.", - "bosporus": "A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a seas; as, the Bosporus (formerly the Thracian Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian Bosporus, between the Black Sea and Sea of Azof. [Written also Bosphorus.]", "boss": "1. Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike process; as, a boss of wood. 2. A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material from that of the work or of the same, as upon a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See Umbilicus. 3. (Arch.) A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations. 4. Etym: [Cf. D. bus box, Dan. bösse.] A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder. Gwilt. 5. (Mech.) (a) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where it is coupled to another. (b) A swage or die used for shaping metals. 6. A head or reservoir of water. [Obs.]\n\nTo ornament with bosses; to stud.\n\nA master workman or superintendent; a director or manager; a political dictator. [Slang, U. S.]", "bossed": "Embossed; also, bossy.", "bosses": null, @@ -8717,10 +7445,6 @@ "bossing": null, "bossism": "The rule or practices of bosses, esp. political bosses. [Slang, U. S.]", "bossy": "Ornamented with bosses; studded.\n\nA cow or calf; -- familiarly so called. [U. S.]", - "boston": "A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards each; -- said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war.", - "bostonian": null, - "bostons": "A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards each; -- said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war.", - "boswell": null, "bot": "See Bots.", "botanic": "Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; as, a botanical system, arrangement, textbook, expedition. -- Botan\"ic*al*ly, adv. Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. -- Botanic physician, a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and roots.", "botanical": "Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; as, a botanical system, arrangement, textbook, expedition. -- Botan\"ic*al*ly, adv. Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. -- Botanic physician, a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and roots.", @@ -8735,7 +7459,6 @@ "botches": null, "botching": null, "both": "The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of either. Note: It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used substantively, and followed by of. Note: It frequently stands as a pronoun. She alone is heir to both of us. Shak. Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 27. He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both. Bolingbroke. Note: It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns. Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes. Shak. This said, they both betook them several ways. Milton. Note: Both now always precedes any other attributive words; as, both their armies; both our eyes. Note: Both of is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, both of us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is colloquial, both (without of) being the preferred form; as, both the brothers.\n\nAs well; not only; equally. Note: Both precedes the first of two coördinate words or phrases, and is followed by and before the other, both . . . and . . . ; as well the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two coördinate words, connected by and expressed or understood. To judge both quick and dead. Milton. A masterpiece both for argument and style. Goldsmith. To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene. Chaucer. Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound. Goldsmith. He prayeth well who loveth well Both man and bird and beast. Coleridge.", - "botha": null, "bother": "To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See Pother. Note: The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly imprecatory.\n\nTo feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be troublesome. Without bothering about it. H. James.\n\nOne who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; as, to be in a bother.", "botheration": "The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.]", "bothered": null, @@ -8744,10 +7467,7 @@ "bothersome": "Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome.", "botnet": null, "botnets": null, - "botox": null, "bots": "The larvæ of several species of botfly, especially those larvæ which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the cause of various ailments. [Written also botts.] Note: See Illust. of Botfly.", - "botswana": null, - "botticelli": null, "bottle": "1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids. 2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; as, to drink a bottle of wine. 3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown one's reason in the bottle. Note: Bottle is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Bottle ale, bottled ale. [Obs.] Shak. -- Bottle brush, a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of bottles. -- Bottle fish (Zoöl.), a kind of deep-sea eel (Saccopharynx ampullaceus), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow fishes two or three times its won size. -- Bottle flower. (Bot.) Same as Bluebottle. -- Bottle glass, a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles. Ure. -- Bottle gourd (Bot.), the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria Vulgaris), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc. -- Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious fodder grass (Setaria glauca and S. viridis); -- called also foxtail, and green foxtail. -- Bottle tit (Zoöl.), the European long-tailed titmouse; -- so called from the shape of its nest. -- Bottle tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Sterculia rupestris), with a bottle-shaped, or greatly swollen, trunk. -- Feeding bottle, Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants.\n\nTo put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or porter; to bottle up one's wrath.\n\nA bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Shak.", "bottled": "1. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a bottle. 2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant. Shak.", "bottleneck": null, @@ -8781,7 +7501,6 @@ "boules": "Same as Buhl, Buhlwork.", "boulevard": "1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town. 2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city.", "boulevards": "1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town. 2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city.", - "boulez": null, "bounce": "1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a knock loudly. Another bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift. Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart. Dryden. 2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; as, she bounced into the room. Out bounced the mastiff. Swift. Bounced off his arm+chair. Thackeray. 3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster. [Obs.]\n\n1. To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump. Swift. 2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss. 3. To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment. [Collog. U. S.] 4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.] J. Fletcher.\n\n1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound. 2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump. The bounce burst open the door. Dryden. 3. An explosion, or the noise of one. [Obs.] 4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer. Johnson. De Quincey. 5. (Zoöl.) A dogfish of Europe (Scyllium catulus).\n\nWith a sudden leap; suddenly. This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me. Bickerstaff.", "bounced": null, "bouncer": "1. One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in moving. 2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.] Johnson. 3. A bold lie; also, a liar. [Collog.] Marryat. 4. Something big; a good stout example of the kind. The stone must be a bouncer. De Quincey.", @@ -8815,12 +7534,10 @@ "bounty": "1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [Obs.] Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty. Gower. 2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence. My bounty is as boundless as the sea. Shak. 3. That which is given generously or liberally. \"Thy morning bounties.\" Cowper. 4. A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or manufactures. Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty. [Collog.] -- Queen Anne's bounty (Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's reign for augmenting poor clerical livings. Syn. -- Munificence; generosity; beneficence.", "bouquet": "1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers. 2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine.", "bouquets": "1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers. 2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine.", - "bourbaki": null, "bourbon": "1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of France. 2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative.", "bourbons": "1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of France. 2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative.", "bourgeois": "A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type. Note: This line is printed in bourgeois type.\n\nA man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class. [France.] a. Characteristic of the middle class, as in France.", "bourgeoisie": "The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in, or dependent on, trade.", - "bournemouth": null, "boustrophedon": "An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.", "bout": "1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round. In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this bout. Goldsmith. 2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking bout. The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it. Shak.", "boutique": null, @@ -8830,12 +7547,10 @@ "bouts": "1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round. In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this bout. Goldsmith. 2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking bout. The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it. Shak.", "bouzouki": null, "bouzoukis": null, - "bovary": null, "bovine": "1. (Zoöl.) of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope. 2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament. The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W. Black.", "bovines": "1. (Zoöl.) of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope. 2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament. The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W. Black.", "bovver": null, "bow": "1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved. We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural straightness. Milton. The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny. Prescott. 2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline. Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion. Bacon. Not to bow and bias their opinions. Fuller. 3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension. They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. 2 Kings ii. 15. 4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,; Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave. Shak. 5. To express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks.\n\n1. To bend; to curve. [Obs.] 2. To stop. [Archaic] They stoop, they bow down together. Is. xlvi. 2 3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; -- often with down. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker. Ps. xcv. 6. 4. To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow. Admired, adored by all circling crowd, For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they bowed. Dryden.\n\nAn inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility.\n\n1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13. 2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled. 3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string. 4. The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke. 5. (Mus.) An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument. 6. An acrograph. 7. (Mech. & Manuf.) Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters. 8. (Naut.) A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea. 9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl. Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree. Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under officer of the forest who looked after trespassers. -- Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and string. -- Bow instrument (Mus.), any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by the bow. -- Bow window (Arch.) See Bay window. -- To draw a long bow, to lie; to exaggerate. [Colloq.]\n\nTo play (music) with a bow. -- v. i. To manage the bow.\n\n1. (Naut.) The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow. 2. (Naut.) One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar. Bow chaser (Naut.), a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another vessel. Totten. - Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship. -- On the bow (Naut.), on that part of the horizon within 45º on either side of the line ahead. Totten.", - "bowditch": null, "bowdlerization": null, "bowdlerizations": null, "bowdlerize": "To expurgate, as a book, by omitting or modifying the parts considered offensive. It is a grave defect in the splendid tale of Tom Jones . . . that a Bowlderized version of it would be hardly intelligible as a tale. F. Harrison. -- Bowd`ler*i*za\"tion (#), n. --Bowd\"ler*ism (#), n.", @@ -8844,13 +7559,9 @@ "bowdlerizing": null, "bowed": null, "bowel": "1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; -- generally used in the plural. He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i. 18. 2. pl. Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the bowels of the earth. His soldiers . . . cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the battle. Shak. 3. pl. The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion. \"Thou thing of no bowels.\" Shak. Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and empty of bowels. Fuller. 4. pl. Offspring. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.", - "bowell": null, "bowels": "1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; -- generally used in the plural. He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i. 18. 2. pl. Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the bowels of the earth. His soldiers . . . cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the battle. Shak. 3. pl. The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion. \"Thou thing of no bowels.\" Shak. Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and empty of bowels. Fuller. 4. pl. Offspring. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.", - "bowen": null, "bower": "1. One who bows or bends. 2. (Naut.) An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. 3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.] His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser. Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.\n\nOne of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the \"Joker\") in the game. -- Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value. -- Best bower or Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card.\n\n1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment. Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower. Gascoigne. 2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. Shenstone. B. Johnson. 3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess.\n\nTo embower; to inclose. Shak.\n\nTo lodge. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [Obs.]", "bowers": "1. One who bows or bends. 2. (Naut.) An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. 3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.] His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser. Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.\n\nOne of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the \"Joker\") in the game. -- Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value. -- Best bower or Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card.\n\n1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment. Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower. Gascoigne. 2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. Shenstone. B. Johnson. 3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess.\n\nTo embower; to inclose. Shak.\n\nTo lodge. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [Obs.]", - "bowery": "Shading, like a bower; full of bowers. A bowery maze that shades the purple streams. Trumbull.\n\nA farm or plantation with its buildings. [U.S.Hist.] The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on boweries or plantations; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into \"villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing.\" Bancroft.\n\nCharacteristic of the street called the Bowery, in New York city; swaggering; flashy.", - "bowie": null, "bowing": "1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed instruments. Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the violist, etc. J. W. Moore. 2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting.", "bowl": "1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc. Brought them food in bowls of basswood. Longfellow. 2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking. 3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold. 4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the bowl of a spoon.\n\n1. A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when rolled. 2. pl. An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of greensward. Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon it. Sir W. Scott. 3. pl. The game of tenpins or bowling. [U.S.]\n\n1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball. Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven. Shak. 2. To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels; as, we were bowled rapidly along the road. 3. To pelt or strike with anything rolled. Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth, And bowled to death with turnipsShak. To bowl (a player) out, in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a stump in bowling.\n\n1. To play with bowls. 2. To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls, etc. 3. To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball; as, the carriage bowled along.", "bowled": null, @@ -8895,8 +7606,6 @@ "boycotted": null, "boycotting": null, "boycotts": "To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to deter others from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott.\n\nThe process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of coercion.", - "boyd": null, - "boyer": "A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end. Sir W. Raleigh.", "boyfriend": null, "boyfriends": null, "boyhood": "The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy. Hood.", @@ -8904,17 +7613,13 @@ "boyish": "Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile. A boyish, odd conceit. Baillie.", "boyishly": "In a boyish manner; like a boy.", "boyishness": "The manners or behavior of a boy.", - "boyle": null, "boys": "A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a son. My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee. Sir W. Scott. Note: Boy is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or party. Boy bishop, a boy (usually a chorister) elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. The Old Boy, the Devil. [Slang] -- Yellow boys, guineas. [Slang, Eng.] -- Boy's love, a popular English name of Southernwood (Artemisia abrotonum);) -- called also lad's love. -- Boy's play, childish amusements; anything trifling.\n\nTo act as a boy; -- in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage. I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. Shak.", "boysenberries": null, "boysenberry": null, "bozo": null, "bozos": null, - "bp": null, "bpm": null, - "bpoe": null, "bps": null, - "br": null, "bra": null, "brace": "1. That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop. 2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum. The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as the braces of the war drum do in that. Derham. 3. The state of being braced or tight; tension. The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its brace or tension. Holder. 4. (Arch. & Engin.) A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell. 5. (Print.) A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken together; thus, boll, bowl; or, in music, used to connect staves. 6. (Naut.) A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon. 7. (Mech.) A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock. 8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt. \"A brace of greyhounds.\" Shak. He is said to have shot . . . fifty brace of pheasants. Addison. A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and religion, now appeared in the church. Fuller. But you, my brace of lords. Shak. 9. pl. Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders. I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of braces. Thackeray. 10. Harness; warlike preparation. [Obs.] For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Shak. 11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace. 12. (Mining) The mouth of a shaft. [Cornwall] Angle brace. See under Angle.\n\n1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam in a building. 2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves. And welcome war to brace her drums. Campbell. 3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly. The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet. Locke. Some who spurs had first braced on. Sir W. Scott. 4. To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the crowd. A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced. Fairfax. 5. (Naut.) To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards. To brace about (Naut.), to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack. -- To brace a yard (Naut.), to move it horizontally by means of a brace. -- To brace in (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather brace. -- To brace one's self, to call up one's energies. \"He braced himself for an effort which he was little able to make.\" J. D. Forbes. - To brace to (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in tacking. -- To brace up (Naut.), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of the keel by hauling in the lee brace. -- To brace up sharp (Naut.), to turn (a yard) as far forward as the rigging will permit.\n\nTo get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; -with up. [Colloq.]", "braced": null, @@ -8938,21 +7643,11 @@ "brad": "A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.", "bradawl": null, "bradawls": null, - "bradbury": null, - "braddock": null, - "bradenton": null, - "bradford": null, - "bradley": null, - "bradly": null, "brads": "A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.", - "bradshaw": null, - "bradstreet": null, - "brady": null, "bradycardia": null, "brae": "A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns.", "braes": "A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns.", "brag": "To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; -- often followed by of; as, to brag of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do. Conceit, more rich in matter than in words, Brags of his substance, not of ornament. Shak. Syn. -- To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big.\n\nTo boast of. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification. Cæsar . . . made not here his brag Of \"came,\" and \"saw,\" and \"overcame.\" Shak. 2. The thing which is boasted of. Beauty is Nature's brag. Milton. 3. A game at cards similar to bluff. Chesterfield.\n\nBrisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited. [Arhaic] A brag young fellow. B. Jonson.\n\nProudly; boastfully. [Obs.] Fuller.", - "bragg": null, "braggadocio": "1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer. Dryden. 2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.", "braggadocios": "1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer. Dryden. 2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.", "braggart": "A boaster. O, I could play the woman with mine eyes, And braggart with my tongue. Shak.\n\nBoastful. -- Brag\"gart*ly, adv.", @@ -8962,23 +7657,11 @@ "braggers": "One who brags; a boaster.", "bragging": null, "brags": "To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; -- often followed by of; as, to brag of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do. Conceit, more rich in matter than in words, Brags of his substance, not of ornament. Shak. Syn. -- To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big.\n\nTo boast of. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification. Cæsar . . . made not here his brag Of \"came,\" and \"saw,\" and \"overcame.\" Shak. 2. The thing which is boasted of. Beauty is Nature's brag. Milton. 3. A game at cards similar to bluff. Chesterfield.\n\nBrisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited. [Arhaic] A brag young fellow. B. Jonson.\n\nProudly; boastfully. [Obs.] Fuller.", - "brahe": null, - "brahma": "1. (Hindoo Myth.) The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. Note: According to the Hindoo religious books, Brahma (with the final a short), or Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the All in All, while the personal gods, Brahmá (with the final a long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence. 2. (Zoöl.) A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; -- called also Brahmapootra.", - "brahmagupta": null, - "brahman": "A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Brahman bull (Zoöl.), the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos.", - "brahmani": "Any Brahman woman. [Written also Brahmanee.]", - "brahmanism": "The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma.", - "brahmanisms": "The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma.", - "brahmans": "A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Brahman bull (Zoöl.), the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos.", - "brahmaputra": null, - "brahmas": "1. (Hindoo Myth.) The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. Note: According to the Hindoo religious books, Brahma (with the final a short), or Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the All in All, while the personal gods, Brahmá (with the final a long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence. 2. (Zoöl.) A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; -- called also Brahmapootra.", - "brahms": null, "braid": "1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait. Braid your locks with rosy twine. Milton. 2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations. 3. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. Shak.\n\n1. A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands. A braid of hair composed of two different colors twined together. Scott. 2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.\n\n1. A quick motion; a start. [Obs.] Sackville. 2. A fancy; freak; caprice. [Obs.] R. Hyrde.\n\nTo start; to awake. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nDeceitful. [Obs.] Since Frenchmen are so braid, Marry that will, I live and die a maid. Shak.", "braided": null, "braiding": "1. The act of making or using braids. 2. Braids, collectively; trimming. A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars, and braiding. Thackeray.", "braids": "1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait. Braid your locks with rosy twine. Milton. 2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations. 3. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. Shak.\n\n1. A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands. A braid of hair composed of two different colors twined together. Scott. 2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.\n\n1. A quick motion; a start. [Obs.] Sackville. 2. A fancy; freak; caprice. [Obs.] R. Hyrde.\n\nTo start; to awake. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nDeceitful. [Obs.] Since Frenchmen are so braid, Marry that will, I live and die a maid. Shak.", "braille": "A system of printing or writing for the blind in which the characters are represented by tangible points or dots. It was invented by Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind.", - "brailles": "A system of printing or writing for the blind in which the characters are represented by tangible points or dots. It was invented by Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind.", "brain": "1. (Anat.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain. Note: In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang the cerebellum, the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely cover the lobes of the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is divided into irregular ridges, or convolutions, separated by grooves (the so-called fissures and sulci), and the two hemispheres are connected at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure by a great transverse band of nervous matter, the corpus callosum, while the two halves of the cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the bridge, or pons Varolii. 2. (Zoöl.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates. 3. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding. \" My brain is too dull.\" Sir W. Scott. Note: In this sense, often used in the plural. 4. The affections; fancy; imagination. [R.] Shak. To have on the brain, to have constantly in one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania. [Low] Brain box or case, the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain. -- Brain coral, Brain stone coral (Zoöl), a massive reef-building coral having the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of the genera Mæandrina and Diploria. -- Brain fag (Med.), brain weariness. See Cerebropathy. -- Brain fever (Med.), fever in which the brain is specially affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever. -- Brain sand, calcareous matter found in the pineal gland.\n\n1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat. There thou mayst brain him. Shak. It was the swift celerity of the death . . . That brained my purpose. Shak. 2. To conceive; to understand. [Obs.] brain not. Shak.", "brainchild": null, "brainchildren": null, @@ -9017,7 +7700,6 @@ "bramble": "1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub. The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes. Shak. 2. (Zoöl.) The brambling or bramble finch.", "brambles": "1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub. The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes. Shak. 2. (Zoöl.) The brambling or bramble finch.", "brambly": "Pertaining to, resembling, or full of, brambles. \"In brambly wildernesses.\" Tennyson.", - "brampton": null, "bran": "1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain. 2. (Zoöl.) The European carrion crow.", "branch": "1. (Bot.) A shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant. 2. Any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; as, the branch of an antler; the branch of a chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of a railway. Most of the branches , or streams, were dried up. W. Irving. 3. Any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department. \"Branches of knowledge.\" Prescott. It is a branch and parcel of mine oath. Shak. 4. (Geom.) One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance; as, the branches of an hyperbola. 5. A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; as, the English branch of a family. His father, a younger branch of the ancient stock. Carew. 6. (Naut.) A warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain waters. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron, which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. -- Branch herring. See Alewife. -- Root and branch , totally, wholly. Syn. -- Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig.\n\nDiverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; as, a branch vein; a branch road or line; a branch topic; a branch store.\n\n1. To shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to ramify. 2. To divide into separate parts or subdivision. To branch off, to form a branch or a separate part; to diverge. -- To branch out, to speak diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business, etc. To branch out into a long disputation. Spectator.\n\n1. To divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in. 2. To adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs. The train whereof loose far behind her strayed, Branched with gold and pearl, most richly wrought. Spenser.", "branched": null, @@ -9026,13 +7708,8 @@ "branchlike": null, "brand": "1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct. Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof. Palfrey. 2. A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness. [Poetic] Tennyson. Paradise, so late their happy seat, Waved over by that flaming brand. Milton. 3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour. 4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma. The brand of private vice. Channing. 5. An instrument to brand with; a branding iron. 6. (Bot.) Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many species and several genera of the order Pucciniæi.\n\n1. To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict). 2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc. 3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon. The Inquisition branded its victims with infamy. Prescott. There were the enormities, branded and condemned by the first and most natural verdict of common humanity. South. 4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron. As if it were branded on my mind. Geo. Eliot. Brand\"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron. 2. A gridiron. [Scot.]", "branded": null, - "brandeis": null, - "branden": null, - "brandenburg": "A kind of decoration for the breast of a coat, sometimes only a frog with a loop, but in some military uniforms enlarged into a broad horizontal stripe. He wore a coat . . . trimmed with Brandenburgs. Smollett.", "brander": "1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron. 2. A gridiron. [Scot.]", "branders": "1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron. 2. A gridiron. [Scot.]", - "brandi": null, - "brandie": null, "brandied": "Mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or treated with brandy; as, brandied peaches.", "brandies": null, "branding": null, @@ -9040,21 +7717,15 @@ "brandished": null, "brandishes": null, "brandishing": null, - "brando": null, - "brandon": null, "brands": "1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct. Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof. Palfrey. 2. A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness. [Poetic] Tennyson. Paradise, so late their happy seat, Waved over by that flaming brand. Milton. 3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour. 4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma. The brand of private vice. Channing. 5. An instrument to brand with; a branding iron. 6. (Bot.) Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many species and several genera of the order Pucciniæi.\n\n1. To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict). 2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc. 3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon. The Inquisition branded its victims with infamy. Prescott. There were the enormities, branded and condemned by the first and most natural verdict of common humanity. South. 4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron. As if it were branded on my mind. Geo. Eliot. Brand\"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron. 2. A gridiron. [Scot.]", - "brandt": null, "brandy": "A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain. Brandy fruit, fruit preserved in brandy and sugar.", "brandying": null, - "brant": "A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) -- called also brent and brand goose. The name is also applied to other related species.\n\nSteep. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. Steep; high. [Obs.] Grapes grow on the brant rocks so wonderfully that ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them. Ascham. 2. Smooth; unwrinkled. [Scot.] Your bonnie brow was brent. Burns.", - "braque": null, "bras": null, "brash": "Hasty in temper; impetuous. Grose.\n\nBrittle, as wood or vegetables. [Colloq., U. S.] Bartlett.\n\n1. A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness. 2. Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 3. (Geol.) Broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial deposits. Lyell. 4. Broken fragments of ice. Kane. Water brash (Med.), an affection characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis. -- Weaning brash (Med.), a severe form of diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned.", "brasher": null, "brashest": null, "brashly": null, "brashness": null, - "brasilia": null, "brass": "1. An alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals. 2. (Mach.) A journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass. A brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is generally called a white metal lining. See Axle box, Journal Box, and Bearing. 3. Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze. [Obs.] Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9. 4. Impudence; a brazen face. [Colloq.] 5. pl. Utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass. The very scullion who cleans the brasses. Hopkinson. 6. A brass plate engraved with a figure or device. Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait, coat of arms, etc. 7. pl. (Mining) Lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that of brass. Note: The word brass as used in Sculpture language is a translation for copper or some kind of bronze. Note: Brass is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, brass button, brass kettle, brass founder, brass foundry or brassfoundry. Brass band (Mus.), a band of musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as trumpets, cornets, etc. -- Brass foil, Brass leaf, brass made into very thin sheets; -- called also Dutch gold.", "brasserie": null, "brasseries": null, @@ -9067,9 +7738,7 @@ "brassiness": "The state, conditions, or quality of being brassy. [Colloq.]", "brassy": "1. Of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or hardness, of brass. 2. Impudent; impudently bold. [Colloq.]", "brat": "1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright. 3. A child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense. \"This brat is none of mine.\" Shak. \"A beggar's brat.\" Swift. O Israel! O household of the Lord! O Abraham's brats! O brood of blessed seed! Gascoigne. 4. The young of an animal. [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\nA thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime.", - "bratislava": null, "brats": "1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright. 3. A child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense. \"This brat is none of mine.\" Shak. \"A beggar's brat.\" Swift. O Israel! O household of the Lord! O Abraham's brats! O brood of blessed seed! Gascoigne. 4. The young of an animal. [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\nA thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime.", - "brattain": null, "brattier": null, "brattiest": null, "bratty": null, @@ -9117,12 +7786,7 @@ "brazes": "1. To solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; as, to braze the seams of a copper pipe. 2. To harden. \"Now I am brazes to it.\" Shak.\n\nTo cover or ornament with brass. Chapman.", "brazier": "An artificer who works in brass. Franklin.\n\nA pan for holding burning coals.\n\nSame as Brasier.", "braziers": "An artificer who works in brass. Franklin.\n\nA pan for holding burning coals.\n\nSame as Brasier.", - "brazil": null, - "brazilian": "Of or pertaining to Brasil. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Brazil. Brazilian pebble. See Pebble, n., 2.", - "brazilians": "Of or pertaining to Brasil. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Brazil. Brazilian pebble. See Pebble, n., 2.", "brazing": null, - "brazos": null, - "brazzaville": null, "breach": "1. The act of breaking, in a figurative sense. 2. Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; as, a breach of contract; a breach of promise. 3. A gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead. Shak. 4. A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves; surge; surf. The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. 2 Sam. v. 20 A clear breach implies that the waves roll over the vessel without breaking. -- A clean breach implies that everything on deck is swept away. Ham. Nav. Encyc. 5. A breaking up of amicable relations; rupture. There's fallen between him and my lord An unkind breach. Shak. 6. A bruise; a wound. Breach for breach, eye for eye. Lev. xxiv. 20 7. (Med.) A hernia; a rupture. 8. A breaking out upon; an assault. The Lord had made a breach upon Uzza. 1. Chron. xiii. 11 Breach of falth, a breaking, or a failure to keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence or trust. -- Breach of peace, disorderly conduct, disturbing the public peace. -- Breach of privilege, an act or default in violation of the privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a committee. Mozley. Abbott. - Breach of promise, violation of one's plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry. -- Breach of trust, violation of one's duty or faith in a matter entrusted to one. Syn. -- Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break; disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement; violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference; misunderstanding.\n\nTo make a breach or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a city.\n\nTo break the water, as by leaping out; -- said of a whale.", "breached": null, "breaches": null, @@ -9170,7 +7834,6 @@ "breakouts": null, "breakpoints": null, "breaks": "1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock. Shak. 2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods. 3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate. Katharine, break thy mind to me. Shak. 4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise. Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . . To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray. Milton 5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey. Go, release them, Ariel; My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore. Shak. 6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set. 7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares. 8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments. The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity. Prescott. 9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill. 10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax. 11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind. An old man, broken with the storms of state. Shak. 12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow. I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden. 13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; -- with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend. 14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. \"To break a colt.\" Spenser. Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute Shak. 15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin. With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks. Dryden. 16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. I see a great officer broken. Swift. Note: With prepositions or adverbs: --To break down. (a) To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition. (b) To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. -- To break in. (a) To force in; as, to break in a door. (b) To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. -- To break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit. -- To break off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig. (b) To stop suddenly; to abandon. \"Break off thy sins by righteousness.\" Dan. iv. 27. -- To break open, to open by breaking. \"Open the door, or I will break it open.\" Shak. -- To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. -- To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. -- To break through. (a) To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as, to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. (b) To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. -- To break up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). \"Break up this capon.\" Shak. \"Break up your fallow ground.\" Jer. iv. 3. (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. \"Break up the court.\" Shak. -- To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. [Colloq.] Note: With an immediate object: -To break the back. (a) To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. -- To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars. -- To break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. -- To break a deer or stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. -- To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. -- To break ground. (a) To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. (b) Fig.: To begin to execute any plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the anchor from the bottom. -- To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief. -- To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it. -- To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. -- To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means. -- To break a jest, to utter a jest. \"Patroclus . . . the livelong day break scurril jests.\" Shak. -- To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course. -- To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. -- To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. -- To break no squares, to create no trouble. [Obs.] -- To break a path, road, etc., to open a way through obstacles by force or labor. -- To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; -- a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries. -- To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus. Syn. -- To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.\n\n1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder. 2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag. Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out. Math. ix. 17. 3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn. The day begins to break, and night is fied. Shak. And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet. Wordswoorth. 4. To burst forth violently, as a storm. The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er our head may break. Shak. 5. To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking. At length the darkness begins to break. Macawlay. 6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength. See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman . Swift. 7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking. 8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt. He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty. Bacn. 9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop. 10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty. 11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrow-spirited. Collier. Note: With prepositions or adverbs: -To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. Fear me not, man; I will not break away. Shak. To break down. (a) To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down. (b) To fail in any undertaking. He had broken down almost at the outset. Thackeray. -- To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. \"Then shall thy light break forth as the morning.\" Isa. lviii. 8; Note: often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. \"Break forth into singing, ye mountains.\" Isa. xliv. 23. To break from, to go away from abruptly. This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. Dryden. -- To break into, to enter by breaking; as, a house. -- To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. \"This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him.\" Milton. -- To break loose. (a) To extricate one's self forcibly. \"Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell\" Milton. (b) To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. -- To break off. (a) To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence. (b) To desist or cease suddenly. \"Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so.\" Shak. -- To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. -- To break out. (a) To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. \"For in the wilderness shall waters break out, and stream in the desert.\" Isa. xxxv. 6 (b) To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said of a disease. (c) To have a rash or eruption on the akin; -- said of a patient. -- To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. -- To break up. (a) To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm. (b) To disperse. \"The company breaks up.\" I. Watts. -- To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. -- To break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. \"It can not be the Volsces dare break with us.\" Shak. \"If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether.\" Thackeray. (b) To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak. [Obs.] \"I will break with her and with her father.\" Shak.\n\n1. An opening made by fracture or disruption. 2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as, a break in a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically: (a) (Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current. 3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in the conversation. 4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc. All modern trash is Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes. Swift. 5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the break of day; the break of dawn. 6. A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind. 7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See Brake, n. 9 & 10. 8. (Teleg.) See Commutator.", - "breakspear": null, "breakthrough": null, "breakthroughs": null, "breakup": null, @@ -9218,8 +7881,6 @@ "breathtaking": null, "breathtakingly": null, "breathy": null, - "brecht": null, - "breckenridge": null, "bred": "imp. & p. p. of Breed. Bred out, degenerated. \"The strain of man's bred out into baboon and monkey.\" Shak. -- Bred to arms. See under Arms. -- Well bred. (a) Of a good family; having a good pedigree. \"A gentleman well bred and of good name.\" Shak. [Obs., except as applied to domestic animals.] (b) Well brought up, as shown in having good manners; cultivated; refined; polite.", "breech": "1. The lower part of the body behind; the buttocks. 2. Breeches. [Obs.] Shak. 3. The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a cannon, or other firearm, behind the chamber. 4. (Naut.) The external angle of knee timber, the inside of which is called the throat.\n\n1. To put into, or clothe with, breeches. A great man . . . anxious to know whether the blacksmith's youngest boy was breeched. Macaulay. 2. To cover as with breeches. [Poetic] Their daggers unmannerly breeched with gore. Shak. 3. To fit or furnish with a breech; as, to breech a gun. 4. To whip on the breech. [Obs.] Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he went to fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have breeched me. Old Play. 5. To fasten with breeching.", "breeches": "1. A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes. His jacket was red, and his breeches were blue. Coleridge. 2. Trousers; pantaloons. [Colloq.] Breeches buoy, in the life-saving service, a pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or beltlike life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance, inclosing the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a block which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the shore, and is drawn to land by hauling lines. -- Breeches pipe, a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end. -- Knee breeches, breeches coming to the knee, and buckled or fastened there; smallclothes. -- To wear the breeches, to usurp the authority of the husband; -- said of a wife. [Colloq.]", @@ -9239,19 +7900,7 @@ "breeziness": "State of being breezy.", "breezing": null, "breezy": "1. Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy. \"A breezy day in May.\" Coleridge. 'Mid lawns and shades by breezy rivulets fanned. Wordsworth. 2. Fresh; brisk; full of life. [Colloq.]", - "bremen": null, - "bremerton": null, - "brenda": null, - "brendan": null, - "brennan": null, - "brenner": null, - "brent": "1. Steep; high. [Obs.] Grapes grow on the brant rocks so wonderfully that ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them. Ascham. 2. Smooth; unwrinkled. [Scot.] Your bonnie brow was brent. Burns.\n\nof Bren. Burnt. [Obs.]\n\nA brant. See Brant.", - "brenton": null, - "brest": "for Bursteth. [Obs.]\n\nA torus. [Obs.]", - "bret": "See Birt.", "brethren": "pl. of Brother. Note: This form of the plural is used, for the most part, in solemn address, and in speaking of religious sects or fraternities, or their members.", - "breton": "Of or relating to Brittany, or Bretagne, in France. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France; also, the ancient language of Brittany; Armorican.", - "brett": "Same as Britzska.", "breve": "1. (Mus.) A note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was formerly of a square figure (as thus: Moore. 2. (Law) Any writ or precept under seal, issued out of any court. 3. (Print.) A curved mark [˘] used commonly to indicate the short quantity of a vowel. 4. (Zoöl.) The great ant thrush of Sumatra (Pitta gigas), which has a very short tail.", "breves": "1. (Mus.) A note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was formerly of a square figure (as thus: Moore. 2. (Law) Any writ or precept under seal, issued out of any court. 3. (Print.) A curved mark [˘] used commonly to indicate the short quantity of a vowel. 4. (Zoöl.) The great ant thrush of Sumatra (Pitta gigas), which has a very short tail.", "brevet": "1. A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title, or dignity. [French usage]. 2. (Mil.) A commission giving an officer higher rank than that for which he receives pay; an honorary promotion of an officer. Note: In the United States army, rank by brevet is conferred, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for \"gallant actions or meritorious services.\" A brevet rank gives no right of command in the particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can be exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on court martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with pay of the brevet rank when on such duty.\n\nTo confer rank upon by brevet.\n\nTaking or conferring rank by brevet; as, a brevet colonel; a brevet commission.", @@ -9271,12 +7920,6 @@ "brewpub": null, "brewpubs": null, "brews": "1. To boil or seethe; to cook. [Obs.] 2. To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation. \"She brews good ale.\" Shak. 3. To prepare by steeping and mingling; to concoct. Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely. Shak. 4. To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; as, to brew mischief. Hence with thy brewed enchantments, foul deceiver! Milton.\n\n1. To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer. I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour. Shak. 2. To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming, or gathering; as, a storm brews in the west. There is some ill a-brewing towards my rest. Shak.\n\nThe mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed. Bacon.", - "brewster": null, - "brexit": null, - "brezhnev": null, - "brian": null, - "briana": null, - "brianna": null, "bribe": "1. A gift begged; a present. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position of trust. Undue reward for anything against justice is a bribe. Hobart. 3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement. Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these everAkenside.\n\n1. To rob or steal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to. Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote against his conscience. F. W. Robertson. 3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe.\n\n1. To commit robbery or theft. [Obs.] 2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or promise. An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted. Bouvier. The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. Goldsmith.", "bribed": null, "briber": "1. A thief. [Obs.] Lydgate. 2. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices. 3. That which bribes; a bribe. His service . . . were a sufficient briber for his life. Shak.", @@ -9284,7 +7927,6 @@ "bribery": "1. Robbery; extortion. [Obs.] 2. The act or practice of giving or taking bribes; the act of influencing the official or political action of another by corrupt inducements. Bribery oath, an oath taken by a person that he has not been bribed as to voting. [Eng.]", "bribes": "1. A gift begged; a present. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position of trust. Undue reward for anything against justice is a bribe. Hobart. 3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement. Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these everAkenside.\n\n1. To rob or steal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to. Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote against his conscience. F. W. Robertson. 3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe.\n\n1. To commit robbery or theft. [Obs.] 2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or promise. An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted. Bouvier. The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. Goldsmith.", "bribing": null, - "brice": null, "brick": "1. A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or stack called a clamp. The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of bricks baked in the furnace than the Babylonians. Layard. 2. Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind of material; as, a load of brick; a thousand of brick. Some of Palladio's finest examples are of brick. Weale. 3. Any oblong rectangular mass; as, a brick of maple sugar; a penny brick (of bread). 4. A good fellow; a merry person; as, you 're a brick. [Slang] \"He 's a dear little brick.\" Thackeray. To have a brick in one's hat, to be drunk. [Slang] Note: Brick is used adjectively or in combination; as, brick wall; brick clay; brick color; brick red. Brick clay, clay suitable for, or used in making, bricks. -- Brick dust, dust of pounded or broken bricks. -- Brick earth, clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks. -- Brick loaf, a loaf of bread somewhat resembling a brick in shape. -- Brick nogging (Arch.), rough brickwork used to fill in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick filling. -- Brick tea, tea leaves and young shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and Central Asia. S. W. Williams. -- Brick trimmer (Arch.), a brick arch under a hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard against accidents by fire. -- Brick trowel. See Trowel. -- Brick works, a place where bricks are made. -- Bath brick. See under Bath, a city. -- Pressed brick, bricks which, before burning, have been subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture which are common in molded bricks.\n\n1. To lay or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with bricks. 2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge tool, and pointing them. To brick up, to fill up, inclose, or line, with brick.", "brickbat": "A piece or fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4. Bacon.", "brickbats": "A piece or fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4. Bacon.", @@ -9301,7 +7943,6 @@ "brickyards": "A place where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place.", "bridal": "Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as, bridal ornaments; a bridal outfit; a bridal chamber.\n\nA nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage. Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright, The bridal of the earth and sky. Herbert.", "bridals": "Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as, bridal ornaments; a bridal outfit; a bridal chamber.\n\nA nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage. Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright, The bridal of the earth and sky. Herbert.", - "bridalveil": null, "bride": "1. A woman newly married, or about to be married. Has by his own experience tried How much the wife is dearer than the bride. Lyttleton. I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. Rev. xxi. 9. 2. Fig.: An object ardently loved. Bride of the sea, the city of Venice.\n\nTo make a bride of. [Obs.]", "bridegroom": "A man newly married, or just about to be married.", "bridegrooms": "A man newly married, or just about to be married.", @@ -9313,16 +7954,9 @@ "bridged": null, "bridgehead": "A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tête-de-pont.", "bridgeheads": "A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tête-de-pont.", - "bridgeport": null, - "bridger": null, "bridges": "1. A structure, usually of wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway from one bank to the other. 2. Anything supported at the ends, which serves to keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or staging over which something passes or is conveyed. 3. (Mus.) The small arch or bar at right angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the instrument. 4. (Elec.) A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an electric circuit. 5. A low wall or vertical partition in the fire chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; -- usually called a bridge wall. Aqueduct bridge. See Aqueduct. -- Asses' bridge, Bascule bridge, Bateau bridge. See under Ass, Bascule, Bateau. -- Bridge of a steamer (Naut.), a narrow platform across the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle boxes. -- Bridge of the nose, the upper, bony part of the nose. -- Cantalever bridge. See under Cantalever. -- Draw bridge. See Drawbridge. -- Flying bridge, a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank by the action of the current or other means. -- Girder bridge or Truss bridge, a bridge formed by girders, or by trusses resting upon abutments or piers. -- Lattice bridge, a bridge formed by lattice girders. -- Pontoon bridge, Ponton bridge. See under Pontoon. -- Skew bridge, a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes required in railway engineering. -- Suspension bridge. See under Suspension. -- Trestle bridge, a bridge formed of a series of short, simple girders resting on trestles. -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the Victoria bridge at Montreal. -- Wheatstone's bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement of resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the apparatus; -- invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone.\n\n1. To build a bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a river. Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees the streams which could not be forded. Palfrey. 2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge. Xerxes . . . over Hellespont Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined. Milton. 3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; -- generally with over.", - "bridget": null, - "bridgetown": null, - "bridgett": null, - "bridgette": null, "bridgework": null, "bridging": "The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to distribute the weight. Bridging joist. Same as Binding joist.", - "bridgman": null, "bridle": "1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages. 2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I. Watts. 3. (Gun.) The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc. 4. (Naut.) (a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle. (b) A mooring hawser. Bowline bridle. See under Bowline. -- Branches of a bridle. See under Branch. -- Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4, above. -- Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand. -- Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles. -- Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed. -- Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit. -- Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise. -- Bridle track, a bridle path. -- Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2. Syn. -- A check; restrain.\n\n1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a horse. He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake. 2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a muse. Addison. Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke. Syn. -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue.\n\nTo hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually with up. \"His bridling neck.\" Wordsworth. By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler.", "bridled": null, "bridles": "1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages. 2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I. Watts. 3. (Gun.) The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc. 4. (Naut.) (a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle. (b) A mooring hawser. Bowline bridle. See under Bowline. -- Branches of a bridle. See under Branch. -- Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4, above. -- Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand. -- Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles. -- Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed. -- Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit. -- Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise. -- Bridle track, a bridle path. -- Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2. Syn. -- A check; restrain.\n\n1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a horse. He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake. 2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a muse. Addison. Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke. Syn. -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue.\n\nTo hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually with up. \"His bridling neck.\" Wordsworth. By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler.", @@ -9343,20 +7977,16 @@ "briefs": "1. Short in duration. How brief the life of man. Shak. 2. Concise; terse; succinct. The brief style is that which expresseth much in little. B. Jonson. 3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov. Eng.] In brief. See under Brief, n. Syn. -- Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious; condensed; terse; curt; transistory; short-lived.\n\n1. Briefly. [Obs. or Poetic] Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. Milton. 2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words. Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal. Shak. And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. Shak. 2. An epitome. Each woman is a brief of womankind. Overbury. 3. (Law) An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument. It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief. Sir J. Stephen. Note: In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs. 4. (Law) A writ; a breve. See Breve, n., 2. 5. (Scots Law) A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence. 6. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or private purpose. [Eng.] Apostolical brief, a letter of the pope written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the secretary of briefs, dated \"a die Nativitatis,\" i. e., \"from the day of the Nativity,\" and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a bull, in its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See Bull. -- Brief of title, an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate. -- In brief, in a few words; in short; briefly. \"Open the matter in brief.\" Shak.\n\nTo make an abstract or abridgment of; to shorten; as, to brief pleadings.", "brier": "1. A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax. 2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings. The thorns and briers of reproof. Cowper. Brier root, the root of the southern Smilax laurifolia and S. Walleri; -- used for tobacco pipes. -- Cat brier, Green brier, several species of Smilax (S. rotundifolia, etc.) -- Sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier. -- Yellow brier, the Rosa Eglantina.", "briers": "1. A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax. 2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings. The thorns and briers of reproof. Cowper. Brier root, the root of the southern Smilax laurifolia and S. Walleri; -- used for tobacco pipes. -- Cat brier, Green brier, several species of Smilax (S. rotundifolia, etc.) -- Sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier. -- Yellow brier, the Rosa Eglantina.", - "bries": null, "brig": "A bridge. [Scot.] Burns.\n\nA two-masted, square-rigged vessel. Hermaphrodite brig, a two- masted vessel square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See Illustration in Appendix.", "brigade": "1. (Mil.) A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general. Note: Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or corps d'armée. [U.S.] 2. Any body of persons organized for acting or marching together under authority; as, a fire brigade. Brigade inspector, an officer whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into service. -- Brigade major, an officer who may be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his duties.\n\nTo form into a brigade, or into brigades.", "brigades": "1. (Mil.) A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general. Note: Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or corps d'armée. [U.S.] 2. Any body of persons organized for acting or marching together under authority; as, a fire brigade. Brigade inspector, an officer whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into service. -- Brigade major, an officer who may be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his duties.\n\nTo form into a brigade, or into brigades.", "brigadier": null, "brigadiers": null, - "brigadoon": null, "brigand": "1. A light-armed, irregular foot soldier. [Obs.] 2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter. Giving them not a little the air of brigands or banditti. Jeffery.", "brigandage": "Life and practice of brigands; highway robbery; plunder.", "brigands": "1. A light-armed, irregular foot soldier. [Obs.] 2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter. Giving them not a little the air of brigands or banditti. Jeffery.", "brigantine": "1. A practical vessel. [Obs.] 2. A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail. 3. See Brigandine.", "brigantines": "1. A practical vessel. [Obs.] 2. A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail. 3. See Brigandine.", - "briggs": null, - "brigham": null, "bright": "See Brite, v. i.\n\n1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark. The sun was bright o'erhead. Longfellow. The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright. Drake. The public places were as bright as at noonday. Macaulay. 2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent. From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent. Thomson. 3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; as, bright beauty. Bright as an angel new-dropped from the sky. Parnell. 4. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent. 5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak. 6. Illustrious; glorious. In the brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton. 7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident; plain. That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence, and with surer success, draw the bearner on. I. Watts. 8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance. Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew. Pope. Note: Bright is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; as, bright-eyed, bright-haired, bright-hued. Syn. -- Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny.\n\nSplendor; brightness. [Poetic] Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear. Milton.\n\nBrightly. Chaucer. I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Shak.\n\nTo be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov. Eng.]", "brighten": "1. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to. 2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or splendor to. The present queen would brighten her character, if she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her people. Swift. 3. To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to make cheerful; as, to brighten one's prospects. An ecstasy, which mothers only feel, Plays round my heart and brightens all my sorrow. Philips. 4. To make acute or witty; to enliven. Johnson.\n\nTo grow bright, or more bright; to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or cheerful. And night shall brighten into day. N. Cotton. And, all his prospects brightening to the last, His heaven commences ere world be past. Goldsmith.", "brightened": null, @@ -9368,10 +7998,7 @@ "brightest": null, "brightly": "1. Brilliantly; splendidly; with luster; as, brightly shining armor. 2. With lively intelligence; intelligently. Looking brightly into the mother's face. Hawthorne.", "brightness": "1. The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster; brilliancy; clearness. A sudden brightness in his face appear. Crabbe. 2. Acuteness (of the faculties); sharpness 9wit. The brightness of his parts . . . distinguished him. Prior. Syn. -- Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence; brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness. BRIGHT'S DISEASE Bright's\" dis*ease\". Etym: [From Dr. Bright of London, who first described it.] (Med.) An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid process.", - "brighton": null, "brights": "See Brite, v. i.\n\n1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark. The sun was bright o'erhead. Longfellow. The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright. Drake. The public places were as bright as at noonday. Macaulay. 2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent. From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent. Thomson. 3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; as, bright beauty. Bright as an angel new-dropped from the sky. Parnell. 4. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent. 5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak. 6. Illustrious; glorious. In the brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton. 7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident; plain. That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence, and with surer success, draw the bearner on. I. Watts. 8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance. Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew. Pope. Note: Bright is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; as, bright-eyed, bright-haired, bright-hued. Syn. -- Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny.\n\nSplendor; brightness. [Poetic] Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear. Milton.\n\nBrightly. Chaucer. I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Shak.\n\nTo be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov. Eng.]", - "brigid": null, - "brigitte": null, "brigs": "A bridge. [Scot.] Burns.\n\nA two-masted, square-rigged vessel. Hermaphrodite brig, a two- masted vessel square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See Illustration in Appendix.", "brill": "A fish allied to the turbot (Rhombus levis), much esteemed in England for food; -- called also bret, pearl, prill. See Bret.", "brilliance": "Brilliancy. Tennyson.", @@ -9380,8 +8007,6 @@ "brilliantine": "1. An oily composition used to make the hair glossy. 2. A dress fabric having a glossy finish on both sides, resembling alpaca but of superior quality.", "brilliantly": "In a brilliant manner.", "brilliants": "1. Sparkling with luster; glittering; very bright; as, a brilliant star. 2. Distinguished by qualities which excite admiration; splended; shining; as, brilliant talents. Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to perform brilliant exploits. Fisher Ames. Syn. -- See Shining.\n\n1. A diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a principal face, called the table, which is surrounded by a number of sloping facets forming a bizet; below, it has a small face or collet, parallel to the table, connected with the gridle by a pavilion of elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the rose diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on the surface, and is flat below. This snuffbox -- on the hinge see brilliants shine. Pope. 2. (Print.) The small size of type used in England printing. Note: This line is printed in the type called Brilliant. 3. A kind of kotton goods, figured on the weaving.", - "brillo": null, - "brillouin": null, "brim": "1. The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow vessel used for holding anything. Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim I would remove it with an anxious pity. Coleridge. 2. The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in it; the brink; border. The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the brim of the water. Josh. iii. 15. 3. The rim of a hat. Wordsworth.\n\nTo be full to the brim. \"The brimming stream.\" Milton. To brim over (literally or figuratively), to be so full that some of the contents flows over the brim; as, cup brimming over with wine; a man brimming over with fun.\n\nTo fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. Arrange the board and brim the glass. Tennyson.\n\nFierce; sharp; cold. See Breme. [Obs.]", "brimful": "Full to the brim; completely full; ready to overflow. \"Her brimful eyes.\" Dryden.", "brimless": "Having no brim; as, brimless caps.", @@ -9401,7 +8026,6 @@ "briniest": null, "brininess": "The state or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness.", "brink": "The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. \"The brink of vice.\" Bp. Porteus. \"The brink of ruin.\" Burke. The plashy brink of weedy lake. Bryant.", - "brinkley": null, "brinkmanship": null, "brinks": "The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. \"The brink of vice.\" Bp. Porteus. \"The brink of ruin.\" Burke. The plashy brink of weedy lake. Bryant.", "briny": "Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood.", @@ -9409,7 +8033,6 @@ "brioches": "1. A light cake made with flour, butter, yeast, and eggs. 2. A knitted foot cushion.", "briquette": "1. A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel. 2. A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.", "briquettes": "1. A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel. 2. A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.", - "brisbane": null, "brisk": "1. Full of liveliness and activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively; spirited; quick. Cheerily, boys; be brick awhile. Shak. Brick toil alternating with ready ease. Wordworth. 2. Full of spirit of life; effervescas, brick cider. Syn. -- Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick; sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated.\n\nTo make or become lively; to enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold attitude; -- usually with up.", "brisked": null, "brisker": null, @@ -9427,32 +8050,11 @@ "bristliest": null, "bristling": null, "bristly": "THick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough. The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon.", - "bristol": "A seaport city in the west of England. Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. -- Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; -- originally manufactured at Bristol. -- Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond.", - "brit": "(a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.", - "britain": null, - "britannia": "A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also Britannia metal.", - "britannic": "Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic Majesty.", - "britannica": null, "britches": null, - "briticism": "A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.", - "briticisms": "A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.", - "british": "Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; -- sometimes restrict to the original inhabitants. British gum, a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600° Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods. -- British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain. -- British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain.\n\nPeople of Great Britain.", - "britisher": "An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely]", - "britishers": "An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely]", - "britney": null, - "briton": "British. [Obs.] Spenser. -- n. A native of Great Britain.", - "britons": "British. [Obs.] Spenser. -- n. A native of Great Britain.", - "brits": "(a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.", - "britt": "(a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.", - "brittanies": null, - "brittany": null, - "britten": null, "brittle": "Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious. Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fine-cut crystal. Cotton. Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite.", "brittleness": "Aptness to break; fragility.", "brittler": null, "brittlest": null, - "brittney": null, - "brno": null, "bro": null, "broach": "1. A spit. [Obs.] He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon. 2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby. 3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper. (b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift. 4. (Masonry) A broad chisel for stonecutting. 5. (Arch.) A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.] 6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch. 7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag. 8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping. Knight. 9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key.\n\n1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit. I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak. 2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood. Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast. Shak. 3. To open for the first time, as stores. You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores. Knolles. 4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation. Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift. 5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak. 6. (Masonry) To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.] 7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach. To broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.", "broached": null, @@ -9485,10 +8087,6 @@ "broadsiding": null, "broadsword": "A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore. I heard the broadsword's deadly clang. Sir W. Scott.", "broadswords": "A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore. I heard the broadsword's deadly clang. Sir W. Scott.", - "broadway": null, - "broadways": null, - "brobdingnag": null, - "brobdingnagian": "Colossal' of extraordinary height; gigantic. -- n. A giant. [Spelt often Brobdignagian.]", "brocade": "Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; -- also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched. A gala suit of faded brocade. W. Irving.", "brocaded": "1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with raised flowers, etc. Brocaded flowers o'er the gay mantua shine. Gay. 2. Dressed in brocade.", "brocades": "Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; -- also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched. A gala suit of faded brocade. W. Irving.", @@ -9498,7 +8096,6 @@ "brochettes": "A small spit or skewer. -- En bro`chette\" (än) [F.], on a brochette; skewered.", "brochure": "A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet.", "brochures": "A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet.", - "brock": "A badger. Or with pretense of chasing thence the brock. B. Jonson.\n\nA brocket. Bailey.", "brogan": "A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue.", "brogans": "A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue.", "brogue": "1. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogan. Note: In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was made of horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair on, gathered round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward given to any shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume. Clouted brogues, patched brogues; also, brogues studded with nails. See under Clout, v. t. 2. A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner of pronouncing English. Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker brogue. Lloyd.", @@ -9509,7 +8106,6 @@ "broilers": "One who excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy quarrels. What doth he but turn broiler, . . . make new libels against the church Hammond.\n\n1. One who broils, or cooks by broiling. 2. A gridiron or other utensil used in broiling. 3. A chicken or other bird fit for broiling. [Colloq.]", "broiling": "Excessively hot; as, a broiling sun. -- n. The act of causing anything to broil.", "broils": "A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between individuals or in the state. I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature which will which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what situation you please. Burke. Syn. -- Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation; dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar.\n\n1. To cook by direct exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over coals. 2. To subject to great (commonly direct) heat.\n\nTo be subjected to the action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or to be made uncomfortable with heat. The planets and comets had been broiling in the sun. Cheyne.", - "brokaw": null, "broke": "1. To transact business for another. [R.] Brome. 2. To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp. [Obs.] We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between them, Cupid said. Fanshawe. And brokes with all that can in such a suit Corrupt the tender honor of a maid. Shak.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Break.", "broken": "1. Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into fragments; as, a broken chain or rope; a broken dish. 2. Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough; uneven; as, a broken surface. 3. Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered; strained; apart; as, a broken reed; broken friendship. 4. Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or hardships. The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind was broken. G. Eliot. The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay, Sat by his fire, and talked the night away. Goldsmith. 5. Subdued; humbled; contrite. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. Ps. li. 17. 6. Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse. 7. Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys hope; blighted. \"Her broken love and life.\" G. Eliot. 8. Not carried into effect; not adhered to; violated; as, a broken promise, vow, or contract; a broken law. 9. Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of paying debts incurred; as, a broken bank; a broken tradesman. 10. Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; as, broken English; imperfectly spoken on account of emotion; as, to say a few broken words at parting. Amidst the broken words and loud weeping of those grave senators. Macaulay. Broken ground. (a) (Mil.) Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their advance by broken ground. (b) Ground recently opened with the plow. -- Broken line (Geom.), the straight lines which join a number of given points taken in some specified order. -- Broken meat, fragments of meat or other food. -- Broken number, a fraction. -- Broken weather, unsettled weather.", "brokenhearted": null, @@ -9539,13 +8135,10 @@ "broncobusters": null, "broncos": "Same as Broncho.", "broncs": null, - "bronson": null, - "bronte": null, "brontosaur": null, "brontosaurs": null, "brontosaurus": "A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs. A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these reptiles.", "brontosauruses": null, - "bronx": null, "bronze": "1. An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal. 2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze. A print, a bronze, a flower, a root. Prior. 3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze. 4. Boldness; impudence; \"brass.\" Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley stands. Pope. Aluminium bronze. See under Aluminium. -- Bronze age, an age of the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze. -- Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface. -- Phosphor bronze and Silicious or Silicium bronze are made by adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are characterized by great tenacity.\n\n1. To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; as, to bronze plaster casts; to bronze coins or medals. The tall bronzed black-eyed stranger. W. Black. 2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his forehead. Sir W. Scott. Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See Addison's disease.", "bronzed": null, "bronzes": "1. An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal. 2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze. A print, a bronze, a flower, a root. Prior. 3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze. 4. Boldness; impudence; \"brass.\" Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley stands. Pope. Aluminium bronze. See under Aluminium. -- Bronze age, an age of the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze. -- Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface. -- Phosphor bronze and Silicious or Silicium bronze are made by adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are characterized by great tenacity.\n\n1. To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; as, to bronze plaster casts; to bronze coins or medals. The tall bronzed black-eyed stranger. W. Black. 2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his forehead. Sir W. Scott. Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See Addison's disease.", @@ -9567,13 +8160,10 @@ "broods": "1. The young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; as, a brood of chicken. As a hen doth gather her brood under her wings. Luke xiii. 34. A hen followed by a brood of ducks. Spectator. 2. The young from the same dam, whether produced at the same time or not; young children of the same mother, especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; as, a woman with a brood of children. The lion roars and gluts his tawny brood. Wordsworth. 3. That which is bred or produced; breed; species. Flocks of the airy brood, (Cranes, geese or long-necked swans). Chapman. 4. (Mining) Heavy waste in tin and copper ores. To sit on brood, to ponder. [Poetic] Shak.\n\n1. Sitting or inclined to sit on eggs. 2. Kept for breeding from; as, a brood mare; brood stock; having young; as, a brood sow.\n\n1. To sit on and cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit quietly, as if brooding. Birds of calm sir brooding on the charmed wave. Milton. 2. To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of gloomy, serious thought; -- usually followed by over or on; as, to brood over misfortunes. Brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden. Brooding over all these matters, the mother felt like one who has evoked a spirit. Hawthorne. When with downcast eyes we muse and brood. Tennyson.\n\n1. To sit over, cover, and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens. 2. To cherish with care. [R.] 3. To think anxiously or moodily upon. You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne. Dryden.", "broody": "Inclined to brood. Ray.", "brook": "A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek. The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water. Deut. viii. 7. Empires itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters. Shak.\n\n1. To use; to enjoy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; as, young men can not brook restraint. Spenser. Shall we, who could not brook one lord, Crouch to the wicked ten Macaulay. 3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.] Sir J. Hawkins.", - "brooke": null, "brooked": null, - "brookes": null, "brooking": null, "brooklet": "A small brook.", "brooklets": "A small brook.", - "brooklyn": null, "brooks": "A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek. The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water. Deut. viii. 7. Empires itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters. Shak.\n\n1. To use; to enjoy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; as, young men can not brook restraint. Spenser. Shall we, who could not brook one lord, Crouch to the wicked ten Macaulay. 3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.] Sir J. Hawkins.", "broom": "1. (Bot.) A plant having twigs suitable for making brooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe, which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers. No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom. Wordsworth. 2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long wooden handle; -- so called because originally made of the twigs of the broom. Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus aculeatus) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; -- called also knee holly. See Cladophyll. -- Dyer's broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda luteola), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket. -- Spanish broom. See under Spanish.\n\nSee Bream.", "brooms": "1. (Bot.) A plant having twigs suitable for making brooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe, which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers. No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom. Wordsworth. 2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long wooden handle; -- so called because originally made of the twigs of the broom. Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus aculeatus) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; -- called also knee holly. See Cladophyll. -- Dyer's broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda luteola), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket. -- Spanish broom. See under Spanish.\n\nSee Bream.", @@ -9601,12 +8191,10 @@ "browbeating": "The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious manners, or confident assertions. The imperious browbeating and scorn of great men. L'Estrange.", "browbeats": "To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat witnesses. My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten. W. Irving.", "brown": "Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow. Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow. Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army. -- Brown bread (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. \"He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic.\" Shak. (b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] -- Brown coal, wood coal. See Lignite. -- Brown hematite or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite. -- Brown holland. See under Holland. -- Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached materials. -- Brown spar (Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with ankerite. -- Brown stone. See Brownstone. -- Brown stout, a strong kind of proter or malt liquor. -- Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie. W. Irving.\n\nA dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue.\n\n1. To make brown or dusky. A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,Browns the dim void and darkens deep the groves. Barlow. 2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to brown meat or flour. 3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface. Ure.\n\nTo become brown.", - "browne": null, "browned": null, "browner": null, "brownest": null, "brownfield": null, - "brownian": "Pertaining to Dr. Robert Brown, who first demonstrated (about 1827) the commonness of the motion described below. Brownian movement, the peculiar, rapid, vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of substances when suspended in water or other fluids.", "brownie": "An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was supposed often to perform important services around the house by night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping. [Scot.]", "brownies": "An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was supposed often to perform important services around the house by night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping. [Scot.]", "browning": "1. The act or operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc. 2. (Masonry) A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the finishing coat of plaster.", @@ -9615,10 +8203,8 @@ "brownout": null, "brownouts": null, "browns": "Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow. Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow. Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army. -- Brown bread (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. \"He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic.\" Shak. (b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] -- Brown coal, wood coal. See Lignite. -- Brown hematite or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite. -- Brown holland. See under Holland. -- Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached materials. -- Brown spar (Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with ankerite. -- Brown stone. See Brownstone. -- Brown stout, a strong kind of proter or malt liquor. -- Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie. W. Irving.\n\nA dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue.\n\n1. To make brown or dusky. A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,Browns the dim void and darkens deep the groves. Barlow. 2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to brown meat or flour. 3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface. Ure.\n\nTo become brown.", - "brownshirt": null, "brownstone": "A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.", "brownstones": "A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.", - "brownsville": null, "brows": "1. The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit. And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes, With solemn proof proclaims him wise. Churchill. 2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow. 'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk hair. Shak. 3. The forehead; as, a feverish brow. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak. 4. The general air of the countenance. To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. Milton. He told them with a masterly brow. Milton. 5. The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep place; as, the brow of a precipice; the brow of a hill. To bend the brow, To knit the brows, to frown; to scowl.\n\nTo bound to limit; to be at, or form, the edge of. [R.] Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts That brow this bottom glade. Milton.", "browse": "The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals; green food. Spenser. Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn, and flowery meadows feed. Dryden.\n\n1. To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; -- said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals. Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets, The barks of trees thou browsedst. Shak. 2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze. Fields . . . browsed by deep-uddered kine. Tennyson.\n\n1. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do cattle, sheep, and deer. 2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble. Shak.", "browsed": null, @@ -9627,10 +8213,6 @@ "browses": "The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals; green food. Spenser. Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn, and flowery meadows feed. Dryden.\n\n1. To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; -- said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals. Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets, The barks of trees thou browsedst. Shak. 2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze. Fields . . . browsed by deep-uddered kine. Tennyson.\n\n1. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do cattle, sheep, and deer. 2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble. Shak.", "browsing": "Browse; also, a place abounding with shrubs where animals may browse. Browsings for the deer. Howell.", "brr": null, - "brubeck": null, - "bruce": null, - "bruckner": null, - "bruegel": null, "bruin": "A bear; -- so called in popular tales and fables.", "bruins": "A bear; -- so called in popular tales and fables.", "bruise": "1. To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to contuse; as, to bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise the bark of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by letting it fall. 2. To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to crush. Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs. Shak. Syn. -- To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse.\n\nTo fight with the fists; to box. Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom. Thackeray.\n\nAn injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion; as, a bruise on the head; bruises on fruit. From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises. Isa. i. 6.", @@ -9643,22 +8225,14 @@ "bruited": null, "bruiting": null, "bruits": "1. Report; rumor; fame. The bruit thereof will bring you many friends. Shak. 2. [French pron. (Med.) An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard on auscultation.\n\nTo report; to noise abroad. I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak.", - "brummel": null, "brunch": null, "brunched": null, "brunches": null, "brunching": null, - "brunei": null, - "bruneian": null, - "bruneians": null, - "brunelleschi": null, "brunet": null, "brunets": null, "brunette": "A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion. -- a. Having a dark tint.", "brunettes": "A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion. -- a. Having a dark tint.", - "brunhilde": null, - "bruno": null, - "brunswick": null, "brunt": "1. The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any contention; as, the brunt of a battle. 2. The force of a blow; shock; collision. \"And heavy brunt of cannon ball.\" Hudibras. It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first brunt with some real affair of common life. I. Taylor.", "brush": "1. An instrument composed of bristles, or other like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood, bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. Brushes have different shapes and names according to their use; as, clothes brush, paint brush, tooth brush, etc. 2. The bushy tail of a fox. 3. (Zoöl.) A tuft of hair on the mandibles. 4. Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood. 5. A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs and small trees in a wood; underbrush. 6. (Elec.) A bundle of flexible wires or thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical current to or from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar apparatus. 7. The act of brushing; as, to give one's clothes a brush; a rubbing or grazing with a quick motion; a light touch; as, we got a brush from the wheel as it passed. [As leaves] have with one winter's brush Fell from their boughts. Shak. 8. A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or collision; as, to have a brush with an enemy. Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong, And tempt not yet the brushes of the war. Shak. 9. A short contest, or trial, of speed. Let us enjoy a brush across the country. Cornhill Mag. Electrical brush, a form of the electric discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous rays diverging from an electrified body.\n\n1. To apply a brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean, paint, etc., with a brush. \"A' brushes his hat o' mornings.\" Shak. 2. To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as with a brush. Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax. Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton. 3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; -- commonly with off. As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from unwholesome fen. Shak. And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton. To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush. -- To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion. -- To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew. You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope.\n\nTo move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by. Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith.", "brushed": null, @@ -9675,8 +8249,6 @@ "brusqueness": "Quality of being brusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness. Brit. Quar.", "brusquer": null, "brusquest": null, - "brussels": "A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc. Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern. -- Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the threads. -- Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground, Brussels wire ground. -- Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. -- Brussels point. See Point lace. -- Brussels sprouts (Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or \"sprouts,\" each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed cabbage. -- Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched.", - "brut": "To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn.\n\nSee Birt.", "brutal": "1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. \"Above the rest of brutal kind.\" Milton. 2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. \"Brutal intemperance.\" Macaulay.", "brutalities": null, "brutality": "1. The quality of being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness. 2. An inhuman act. The . . . brutalities exercised in war. Brougham.", @@ -9691,19 +8263,6 @@ "brutish": "Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent. O, let all provocation Take every brutish shape it can devise. Leigh Hunt. Man may . . . render himself brutish, but it is in vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the brute. I. Taylor. Syn. -- Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel; brutal; barbarous; inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual; bestial. -- Bru\"tish*ly, adv. -- Bru\"tish*ness, n.", "brutishly": null, "brutishness": null, - "brutus": null, - "bryan": null, - "bryant": null, - "bryce": null, - "brynner": null, - "bryon": null, - "brzezinski": null, - "bs": "is the second letter of the English alphabet. (See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 196,220.) It is etymologically related to p , v , f , w and m , letters representing sounds having a close organic affinity to its own sound; as in Eng. bursar and purser; Eng. bear and Lat. pear; Eng. silver and Ger. silber; Lat. cubitum and It. gomito; Eng. seven, Anglo-Saxon seofon, Ger. sieben, Lat. septem, Gr.ptan. The form of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (Beta), of Semitic origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the capital B. Note: In Music, B is the nominal of the seventh tone in the model major scale (the scale of C major ), or of the second tone in it's relative minor scale (that of A minor ) . B stands for B flat, the tone a half step , or semitone, lower than B. In German, B stands for our B, while our B natural is called H (pronounced hä).", - "bsa": null, - "bsd": null, - "bsds": null, - "btu": null, - "btw": null, "bu": null, "bub": "Strong malt liquor. [Cant] Prior.\n\nA young brother; a little boy; -- a familiar term of address of a small boy.\n\nTo throw out in bubbles; to bubble. [Obs.] Sackville.", "bubble": "1. A thin film of liquid inflated with air or gas; as, a soap bubble; bubbles on the surface of a river. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow, Like bubbles in a late disturbed stream. Shak. 2. A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid body; as, bubbles rising in champagne or aërated waters. 3. A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a transparent solid; as, bubbles in window glass, or in a lens. 4. A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing the strength of spirits. 5. The globule of air in the spirit tube of a level. 6. Anything that wants firmness or solidity; that which is more specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud; a delusive scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation; as, the South Sea bubble. Then a soldier . . . Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth. Shak. 7. A person deceived by an empty project; a gull. [Obs.] \"Ganny's a cheat, and I'm a bubble.\" Prior.\n\n1. To rise in bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to contain bubbles. The milk that bubbled in the pail. Tennyson. 2. To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming bubbles; as, a bubbling stream. Pope. 3. To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound. At mine ear Bubbled the nightingale and heeded not. Tennyson.", @@ -9714,7 +8273,6 @@ "bubbliest": null, "bubbling": null, "bubbly": "Abounding in bubbles; bubbling. Nash.", - "buber": null, "bubo": "An inflammation, with enlargement, of a limphatic gland, esp. in the groin, as in syphilis.", "buboes": null, "bubs": "Strong malt liquor. [Cant] Prior.\n\nA young brother; a little boy; -- a familiar term of address of a small boy.\n\nTo throw out in bubbles; to bubble. [Obs.] Sackville.", @@ -9722,10 +8280,6 @@ "buccaneered": null, "buccaneering": null, "buccaneers": "A robber upon the sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in the 17th and 18th centuries. [Written also bucanier.] Note: Primarily, one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French settlers in Hayti or Hispaniola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine.\n\nTo act the part of a buccaneer; to live as a piratical adventurer or sea robber.", - "buchanan": null, - "bucharest": null, - "buchenwald": null, - "buchwald": null, "buck": "1. Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; -- a process in bleaching. 2. To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water. 3. (Mining) To break up or pulverize, as ores.\n\n1. The male of deer, especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares, and rabbits. Note: A male fallow deer is called a fawn in his first year; a pricket in his second; a sorel in his third; a sore in his fourth; a buck of the first head in his fifth; and a great buck in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed a doe. The male of the red deer is termed a stag or hart and not a buck, and the female is called a hind. Brande & C. 2. A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a dandy. The leading bucks of the day. Thackeray. 3. A male Indian or negro. [Colloq. U.S.] Note: The word buck is much used in composition for the names of antelopes; as, bush buck, spring buck. Blue buck. See under Blue. -- Water buck, a South African variety of antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). See Illust. of Antelope.\n\n1. To copulate, as bucks and does. 2. To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as possible; -- said of a vicious horse or mule.\n\n1. (Mil.) To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees. 2. To throw by bucking. See Buck, v. i., 2. The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him out of the saddle. W. E. Norris.\n\nA frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck. Buck saw, a saw set in a frame and used for sawing wood on a sawhorse.\n\nThe beech tree. [Scot.] Buck mast, the mast or fruit of the beech tree. Johnson.", "buckaroo": null, "buckaroos": null, @@ -9741,15 +8295,12 @@ "buckeye": "1. (Bot.) A name given to several American trees and shrubs of the same genus (Æsculus) as the horse chestnut. The Ohio buckeye, or Fetid buckeye, is Æsculus glabra. -- Red buckeye is Æ. Pavia. -- Small buckeye is Æ. paviflora. -- Sweet buckeye, or Yellow buckeye, is Æ. flava. 2. A cant name for a native in Ohio. [U.S.] Buckeye State, Ohio; -- so called because buckeye trees abound there.", "buckeyes": "1. (Bot.) A name given to several American trees and shrubs of the same genus (Æsculus) as the horse chestnut. The Ohio buckeye, or Fetid buckeye, is Æsculus glabra. -- Red buckeye is Æ. Pavia. -- Small buckeye is Æ. paviflora. -- Sweet buckeye, or Yellow buckeye, is Æ. flava. 2. A cant name for a native in Ohio. [U.S.] Buckeye State, Ohio; -- so called because buckeye trees abound there.", "bucking": "1. The act or process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline liquid in the operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used. Tomlinson. 2. A washing. 3. The process of breaking up or pulverizing ores. Bucking iron (Mining), a broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores. -- Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular boiler, or kier, used in bleaching. -- Bucking stool, a washing block.", - "buckingham": null, "buckle": "1. A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the tongue. 2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of sheet metal. Knight. 3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the state of being curled. Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern face. W. Irving. Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. Addison. 4. A contorted expression, as of the face. [R.] 'Gainst nature armed by gravity, His features too in buckle see. Churchill.\n\n1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; as, to buckle a harness. 2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted. 3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; -- generally used reflexively. Cartwright buckled himself to the employment. Fuller. 4. To join in marriage. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink. Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys. 2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall. 3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.] The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys. 4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend. The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as he was with him. Latimer. In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak. To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal. To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow. Before buckling to my winter's work. J. D. Forbes.", "buckled": null, "buckler": "1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body. Note: In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites. 3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches. Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid buckler. -- Buckler mustard (Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. -- Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's thorn. -- Riding buckler (Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.\n\nTo shield; to defend. [Obs.] Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree Shak.", "bucklers": "1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body. Note: In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites. 3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches. Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid buckler. -- Buckler mustard (Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. -- Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's thorn. -- Riding buckler (Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.\n\nTo shield; to defend. [Obs.] Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree Shak.", "buckles": "1. A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the tongue. 2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of sheet metal. Knight. 3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the state of being curled. Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern face. W. Irving. Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. Addison. 4. A contorted expression, as of the face. [R.] 'Gainst nature armed by gravity, His features too in buckle see. Churchill.\n\n1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; as, to buckle a harness. 2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted. 3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; -- generally used reflexively. Cartwright buckled himself to the employment. Fuller. 4. To join in marriage. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink. Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys. 2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall. 3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.] The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys. 4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend. The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as he was with him. Latimer. In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak. To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal. To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow. Before buckling to my winter's work. J. D. Forbes.", - "buckley": null, "buckling": "Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham.", - "buckner": null, "buckram": "1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise. Note: Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing apparel, etc. Beck (Draper's Dict. ). 2. (Bot.) A plant. See Ramson. Dr. Prior.\n\n1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit. 2. Stiff; precise. \"Buckram dames.\" Brooke.\n\nTo strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper. BUCK'S-HORN Buck's\"-horn`, n. (Bot.) A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn (Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia.", "bucks": "1. Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; -- a process in bleaching. 2. To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water. 3. (Mining) To break up or pulverize, as ores.\n\n1. The male of deer, especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares, and rabbits. Note: A male fallow deer is called a fawn in his first year; a pricket in his second; a sorel in his third; a sore in his fourth; a buck of the first head in his fifth; and a great buck in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed a doe. The male of the red deer is termed a stag or hart and not a buck, and the female is called a hind. Brande & C. 2. A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a dandy. The leading bucks of the day. Thackeray. 3. A male Indian or negro. [Colloq. U.S.] Note: The word buck is much used in composition for the names of antelopes; as, bush buck, spring buck. Blue buck. See under Blue. -- Water buck, a South African variety of antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). See Illust. of Antelope.\n\n1. To copulate, as bucks and does. 2. To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as possible; -- said of a vicious horse or mule.\n\n1. (Mil.) To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees. 2. To throw by bucking. See Buck, v. i., 2. The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him out of the saddle. W. E. Norris.\n\nA frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck. Buck saw, a saw set in a frame and used for sawing wood on a sawhorse.\n\nThe beech tree. [Scot.] Buck mast, the mast or fruit of the beech tree. Johnson.", "bucksaw": null, @@ -9767,14 +8318,7 @@ "bucolically": null, "bucolics": "Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.\n\nA pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil. Dryden.", "bud": "1. (Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower. 2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra. Bud moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellana and Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.\n\n1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot. 2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn. 3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak. Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.\n\nTo graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear. The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict.", - "budapest": null, "budded": null, - "buddha": "The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism.", - "buddhas": "The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism.", - "buddhism": "The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, \"the awakened or enlightened,\" in the sixth century b.c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvâna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.", - "buddhisms": "The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, \"the awakened or enlightened,\" in the sixth century b.c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvâna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.", - "buddhist": "One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.\n\nOf or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.", - "buddhists": "One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.\n\nOf or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.", "buddies": null, "budding": "1. The act or process of producing buds. 2. (Biol.) A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea. 3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.", "buddings": "1. The act or process of producing buds. 2. (Biol.) A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea. 3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.", @@ -9793,7 +8337,6 @@ "budgies": null, "budging": null, "buds": "1. (Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower. 2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra. Bud moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellana and Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.\n\n1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot. 2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn. 3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak. Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.\n\nTo graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear. The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict.", - "budweiser": null, "buff": "1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. \"A suit of buff.\" Shak. 2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown. A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden. 3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak. 4. (Med.) The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under Buffy, a. 5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc. 6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.] To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright.\n\n1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith. 2. Of the color of buff. Buff coat, a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. -- Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. -- Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing.\n\nTo polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5.\n\nTo strike. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nA buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase \"Blindman's buff.\" Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser.\n\nFirm; sturdy. And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.", "buffalo": "1. (Zoöl.) A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (B. bubalus), originally from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers. 2. (Zoöl.) A very large and savage species of the same genus (B. Caffer) found in South Africa; -- called also Cape buffalo. 3. (Zoöl.) Any species of wild ox. 4. (Zoöl.) The bison of North America. 5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below. 6. (Zoöl.) The buffalo fish. See Buffalo fish, below. Buffalo berry (Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid edible red berries. -- Buffalo bird (Zoöl.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. -- Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under Carpet. -- Buffalo chips, dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.] -- Buffalo clover (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum and T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison. -- Buffalo cod (Zoöl.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; -- called also blue cod, and cultus cod. -- Buffalo fish (Zoöl.), one of several large fresh-water fishes of the family Catostomidæ, of the Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the big-mouthed or black (Bubalichthys urus), and the small-mouthed (B. altus), are among the more important species used as food. -- Buffalo fly, or Buffalo gnat (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits. -- Buffalo grass (Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchloë dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] -- Buffalo nut (Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut. -- Buffalo robe, the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; -- much used as a lap robe in sleighs.", "buffaloed": null, @@ -9815,12 +8358,9 @@ "buffoonish": "Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures. Blair.", "buffoons": "A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.\n\nCharacteristic of, or like, a buffoon. \"Buffoon stories.\" Macaulay. To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances. Melmoth.\n\nTo act the part of a buffoon. [R.]\n\nTo treat with buffoonery. Glanvill.", "buffs": "1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. \"A suit of buff.\" Shak. 2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown. A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden. 3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak. 4. (Med.) The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under Buffy, a. 5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc. 6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.] To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright.\n\n1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith. 2. Of the color of buff. Buff coat, a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. -- Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. -- Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing.\n\nTo polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5.\n\nTo strike. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nA buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase \"Blindman's buff.\" Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser.\n\nFirm; sturdy. And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.", - "buffy": "Resembling, or characterized by, buff. Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley.", - "buford": null, "bug": "1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.] Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak. 2. (Zoöl.) A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc. 3. (Zoöl.) An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug. 4. (Zoöl.) One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle. 5. (Zoöl.) One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc. Note: According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. \"God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug that creeps.\" Rogers (Naaman). \"This bug with gilded wings.\" Pope. Bait bug. See under Bait. -- Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "bugaboo": "Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. \"Bugaboos to fright ye.\" Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs. Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.", "bugaboos": "Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. \"Bugaboos to fright ye.\" Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs. Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.", - "bugatti": null, "bugbear": "Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. \"Bugaboos to fright ye.\" Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs. Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.\n\nSame as Bugaboo. -- a. Causing needless fright. Locke.\n\nTo alarm with idle phantoms.", "bugbears": "Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. \"Bugaboos to fright ye.\" Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs. Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.\n\nSame as Bugaboo. -- a. Causing needless fright. Locke.\n\nTo alarm with idle phantoms.", "bugged": null, @@ -9841,8 +8381,6 @@ "bugles": "A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. E. Phillips.\n\n1. A horn used by hunters. 2. (Mus.) A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; -- called also the Kent bugle.\n\nAn elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly black.\n\nJet black. \"Bugle eyeballs.\" Shak.\n\nA plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga chamæpitys.", "bugling": null, "bugs": "1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.] Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak. 2. (Zoöl.) A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc. 3. (Zoöl.) An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug. 4. (Zoöl.) One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle. 5. (Zoöl.) One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc. Note: According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. \"God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug that creeps.\" Rogers (Naaman). \"This bug with gilded wings.\" Pope. Bait bug. See under Bait. -- Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", - "bugzilla": null, - "buick": null, "build": "1. To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to make; to raise. Nor aught availed him now To have built in heaven high towers. Milton. 2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce by using appropriate means. Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks. Shak. 3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; -- frequently with up; as, to build up one's constitution. I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up. Acts xx. 32. Syn. -- To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.\n\n1. To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building. 2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; as, to build on the opinions or advice of others.\n\nForm or mode of construction; general figure; make; as, the build of a ship.", "builder": "One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason. In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng. Cyc.", "builders": "One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason. In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng. Cyc.", @@ -9853,20 +8391,9 @@ "buildups": null, "built": "Shape; build; form of structure; as, the built of a ship. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nFormed; shaped; constructed; made; -- often used in composition and preceded by the word denoting the form; as, frigate-built, clipper-built, etc. Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly built. Landor.", "builtin": null, - "bujumbura": null, - "bukhara": null, - "bukharin": null, - "bulawayo": null, "bulb": "1. (Bot.) A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a corm in not being solid. 2. (Anat.) A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the eyeball. -- Bulb of a hair, the \"root,\" or part whence the hair originates. -- Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called simply bulb. -- Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth. 3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc. Tomlinson.\n\nTo take the shape of a bulb; to swell.", "bulbous": "Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or structure.", "bulbs": "1. (Bot.) A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a corm in not being solid. 2. (Anat.) A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the eyeball. -- Bulb of a hair, the \"root,\" or part whence the hair originates. -- Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called simply bulb. -- Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth. 3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc. Tomlinson.\n\nTo take the shape of a bulb; to swell.", - "bulfinch": null, - "bulganin": null, - "bulgar": null, - "bulgari": null, - "bulgaria": null, - "bulgarian": null, - "bulgarians": null, "bulge": "1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. 2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall. 3. (Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See Bilge ways.\n\n1. To swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges. 2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder. And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome.", "bulged": null, "bulges": "1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. 2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall. 3. (Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See Bilge ways.\n\n1. To swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges. 2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder. And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome.", @@ -9950,12 +8477,10 @@ "bullshitting": null, "bullwhip": null, "bullwhips": null, - "bullwinkle": null, "bully": "1. A noisy, blustering fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow. Bullies seldom execute the threats they deal in. Palmerston. 2. A brisk, dashing fellow. [Slang Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. Jovial and blustering; dashing. [Slang] \"Bless thee, bully doctor.\" Shak. 2. Fine; excellent; as, a bully horse. [Slang, U.S.]\n\nTo intimidate with threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the part of a bully toward. For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of volunteers gone over to bully the French, upon hearing the peace was just signing. Tatler. Syn. -- To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.\n\nTo act as a bully.\n\nPickled or canned beef.", "bullying": null, "bulrush": "A kind of large rush, growing in wet land or in water. Note: The name bulrush is applied in England especially to the cat- tail (Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia) and to the lake club-rush (Scirpus lacustris); in America, to the Juncus effusus, and also to species of Scirpus or club-rush.", "bulrushes": null, - "bultmann": null, "bulwark": "1. (Fort.) A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork. 2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any means of defense or protection. The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, . . . the floating bulwark of our island. Blackstone. 3. pl. (Naut.) The sides of a ship above the upper deck. Syn. -- See Rampart.\n\nTo fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by fortification; to protect. Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed With rising towers. Glover.", "bulwarks": "1. (Fort.) A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork. 2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any means of defense or protection. The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, . . . the floating bulwark of our island. Blackstone. 3. pl. (Naut.) The sides of a ship above the upper deck. Syn. -- See Rampart.\n\nTo fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by fortification; to protect. Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed With rising towers. Glover.", "bum": "The buttock. [Low] Shak.\n\nTo make murmuring or humming sound. Jamieson.\n\nA humming noise. Halliwell.", @@ -9986,7 +8511,6 @@ "bumping": null, "bumpkin": "An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout. \"Bashful country bumpkins.\" W. Irving.", "bumpkins": "An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout. \"Bashful country bumpkins.\" W. Irving.", - "bumppo": null, "bumps": "To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to thump; as, to bump the head against a wall.\n\nTo come in violent contact with something; to thump. \"Bumping and jumping.\" Southey.\n\n1. A thump; a heavy blow. 2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a protuberance. It had upon its brow A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone. Shak. 3. (Phren.) One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; as, the bump of \"veneration;\" the bump of \"acquisitiveness.\" [Colloq.] 4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow of the boat following. [Eng.]\n\nTo make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to boom. As a bittern bumps within a reed. Dryden.\n\nThe noise made by the bittern.", "bumptious": "Self-conceited; forward; pushing. [Colloq.] Halliwell.", "bumptiously": null, @@ -9995,7 +8519,6 @@ "bums": "The buttock. [Low] Shak.\n\nTo make murmuring or humming sound. Jamieson.\n\nA humming noise. Halliwell.", "bun": "A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust.", "bunch": "1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump. They will carry . . . their treasures upon the bunches of camels. Isa. xxx. 6. 2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; as, a bunch of grapes; a bunch of keys. 3. (Mining) A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein. Page.\n\nTo swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or round. Bunching out into a large round knob at one end. Woodward.\n\nTo form into a bunch or bunches.", - "bunche": null, "bunched": null, "bunches": null, "bunchier": null, @@ -10006,8 +8529,6 @@ "buncoed": null, "buncoing": null, "buncos": null, - "bundesbank": null, - "bundestag": null, "bundle": "A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale.\n\n1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll. 2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T. Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. -- To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.\n\n1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony. 2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; -- applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W. Irving.", "bundled": null, "bundles": "A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale.\n\n1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll. 2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T. Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. -- To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.\n\n1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony. 2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; -- applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W. Irving.", @@ -10028,7 +8549,6 @@ "bungles": "To act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner.\n\nTo make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; -- sometimes with up. I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron.\n\nA clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder. Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth.", "bungling": "Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift. They make but bungling work. Dryden.", "bungs": "1. The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask. 2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole. 3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low] You filthy bung, away. Shak.\n\nTo stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; -- with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low] He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).", - "bunin": null, "bunion": "Same as Bunyon.\n\nAn enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the bursæ muscosæ), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.", "bunions": "Same as Bunyon.\n\nAn enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the bursæ muscosæ), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.", "bunk": "1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night. [U.S.] 2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers. 3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.]\n\nTo go to bed in a bunk; -- sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.", @@ -10043,14 +8563,11 @@ "bunnies": null, "bunny": "A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it.\n\nA pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.", "buns": "A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust.", - "bunsen": null, "bunt": "A fungus (Ustilago foetida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also called pepperbrand.\n\nThe middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten.\n\nTo swell out; as, the sail bunts.\n\nTo strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy.", "bunted": null, "bunting": "A bird of the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillidæ). Note: Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bay-winged or grass (Poöcætes or Pooecetes gramineus); the black- throated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting.\n\nA thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.", "buntings": "A bird of the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillidæ). Note: Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bay-winged or grass (Poöcætes or Pooecetes gramineus); the black- throated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting.\n\nA thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.", "bunts": "A fungus (Ustilago foetida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also called pepperbrand.\n\nThe middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten.\n\nTo swell out; as, the sail bunts.\n\nTo strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy.", - "bunuel": null, - "bunyan": null, "buoy": "A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. -- Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. -- Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. -- Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. -- Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. -- Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. -- Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. -- To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. -- Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.\n\n1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with up. 2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke. 3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin.\n\nTo float; to rise like a buoy. \"Rising merit will buoy up at last.\" Pope.", "buoyancy": "1. The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water. 2. (Physics) The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced. Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc. 3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; -- the opposite of Ant: heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits.", "buoyant": "1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. \"Buoyant on the flood.\" Pope. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier. The water under me was buoyant. Dryden. 3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. -- Buoy\"ant*ly, adv.", @@ -10059,14 +8576,11 @@ "buoying": null, "buoys": "A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. -- Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. -- Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. -- Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. -- Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. -- Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. -- Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. -- To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. -- Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.\n\n1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with up. 2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke. 3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin.\n\nTo float; to rise like a buoy. \"Rising merit will buoy up at last.\" Pope.", "bur": "1. (Bot.) Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson. 2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2. 3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4. 4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5. 5. The sweetbread. 6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick. 7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; -- used by dentists. 8. Etym: [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zoöl.) The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. -- Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves.", - "burbank": null, - "burberry": null, "burble": null, "burbled": null, "burbles": null, "burbling": null, "burbs": null, - "burch": null, "burden": "1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak. 2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift. 3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden. 4. (Mining) The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin. 5. (Metal.) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. Raymond. 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds. 7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. -- Burden of proof Etym: [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed. Syn. -- Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome.\n\n1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor. viii. 13. 2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. My burdened heart would break. Shak. 3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.] It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge. Syn. -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.\n\n1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer. I would sing my song without a burden. Shak. 2. The drone of a bagpipe. Ruddiman.\n\nA club. [Obs.] Spenser.", "burdened": null, "burdening": null, @@ -10093,7 +8607,6 @@ "burgeons": "To bud. See Bourgeon.", "burger": null, "burgers": null, - "burgess": "1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough. Blackstone. Note: \"A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city.\" Burrill. 2. One who represents a borough in Parliament. 3. A magistrate of a borough. 4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers. Note: Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are now called delegates. Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2.", "burgh": "A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland. See Borough.", "burgher": "1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess \"the true religion professed within the realm\"), the opposite party being called antiburghers. Note: These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the \"United Associate Synod of the Secession Church.\"", "burghers": "1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess \"the true religion professed within the realm\"), the opposite party being called antiburghers. Note: These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the \"United Associate Synod of the Secession Church.\"", @@ -10113,9 +8626,7 @@ "burgling": null, "burgomaster": "1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in England and the United States; a burghmaster. 2. (Zoöl.) An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions.", "burgomasters": "1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in England and the United States; a burghmaster. 2. (Zoöl.) An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions.", - "burgoyne": null, "burgs": "1. A fortified town. [Obs.] 2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough.", - "burgundian": null, "burgundies": null, "burgundy": "1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part). 2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France. Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.", "burial": "1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.] The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened. Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52]. 2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. \"To give a public burial.\" Shak. Now to glorious burial slowly borne. Tennyson. Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close air- tight, for the preservation of a dead body. -- Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies. -- Burial place, any place where burials are made. -- Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial service. Syn. -- Sepulture; interment; inhumation.", @@ -10124,8 +8635,6 @@ "buries": null, "burka": null, "burkas": null, - "burke": "1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dissection. 2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question. The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits. C. Reade.", - "burks": null, "burl": "To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.\n\n1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth. 2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.", "burlap": "A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written also burlaps.]", "burled": null, @@ -10136,18 +8645,14 @@ "burlier": null, "burliest": null, "burliness": "Quality of being burly.", - "burlington": null, "burls": "To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.\n\n1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth. 2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.", "burly": "1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; -- now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky. \"Burly sacks.\" Drayton. In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and burly. Sir T. More. Burly and big, and studious of his ease. Cowper. 2. Coarse and rough; boisterous. It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. Cowley.", - "burma": null, - "burmese": "Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the language of the Burmans.", "burn": "1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; -- frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. \"We'll burn his body in the holy place.\" Shak. 2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass. 3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime. 4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block. 5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak. This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden. When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21. 6. (Surg.) To apply a cautery to; to cauterize. 7. (Chem.) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. -- To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. -- To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. -- To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. -- To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. \"Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes\" Shak. -- To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. -- To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.\n\n1. To be of fire; to flame. \"The mount burned with fire.\" Deut. ix. 15. 2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak. 3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way Luke xxiv. 32. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water. Shak. Burning with high hope. Byron. The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton. 4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. -- To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.\n\n1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.\n\nA small stream. [Scot.]", "burnable": "Combustible. Cotgrave.", "burnables": "Combustible. Cotgrave.", "burned": "See Burnt.\n\nBurnished. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "burner": "1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything. 2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. -- Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.", "burners": "1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything. 2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. -- Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.", - "burnett": null, "burning": "1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery. 2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry.\n\nThe act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. -- Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. -- Burning house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. -- Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass. Syn. -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.", "burnish": "To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars.\n\nTo shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert.\n\nThe effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw.", "burnished": null, @@ -10160,7 +8665,6 @@ "burnout": null, "burnouts": null, "burns": "1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; -- frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. \"We'll burn his body in the holy place.\" Shak. 2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass. 3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime. 4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block. 5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak. This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden. When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21. 6. (Surg.) To apply a cautery to; to cauterize. 7. (Chem.) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. -- To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. -- To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. -- To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. -- To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. \"Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes\" Shak. -- To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. -- To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.\n\n1. To be of fire; to flame. \"The mount burned with fire.\" Deut. ix. 15. 2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak. 3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way Luke xxiv. 32. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water. Shak. Burning with high hope. Byron. The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton. 4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. -- To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.\n\n1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.\n\nA small stream. [Scot.]", - "burnside": null, "burnt": "Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. -- Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]", "burp": null, "burped": null, @@ -10169,12 +8673,10 @@ "burr": "1. (Bot.) Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson. 2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2. 3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4. 4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5. 5. The sweetbread. 6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick. 7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; -- used by dentists. 8. Etym: [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zoöl.) The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. -- Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves.\n\n1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1. 2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson. 3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down. 4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping. 5. The lobe or lap of the ear. 6. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.] A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; -- often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr. 7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8.\n\nTo speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning.", "burred": null, "burring": null, - "burris": null, "burrito": null, "burritos": null, "burro": "A donkey. [Southern U.S.]", "burros": "A donkey. [Southern U.S.]", - "burroughs": null, "burrow": "1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough. 2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation. 3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse. 4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5.\n\n1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits. 2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owl (Zoöl.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog.", "burrowed": null, "burrower": "One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and lives in it.", @@ -10193,11 +8695,6 @@ "burst": "1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. Note: Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak. 2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; -- usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak. 2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso). 3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge.\n\n1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of fox-hunting melody. W. Irving. 2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed. 3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] \"A fine burst of country.\" Jane Austen. 4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.", "bursting": null, "bursts": "1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. Note: Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak. 2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; -- usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak. 2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso). 3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge.\n\n1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of fox-hunting melody. W. Irving. 2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed. 3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] \"A fine burst of country.\" Jane Austen. 4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.", - "burt": "See Birt. [Prov. Eng.]", - "burton": "A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part.", - "burundi": null, - "burundian": null, - "burundians": null, "bury": "1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; -- Note: used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury, Shrewsbury. 2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.] To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England. Miege.\n\n1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands. And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep. Milton. 2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume. Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt. viii. 21. I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak. 3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife. Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak. Burying beetle (Zoöl.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; -- so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larvæ feed upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. -- To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; -- a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace. Syn. -- To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress.", "burying": null, "bus": "An omnibus. [Colloq.]", @@ -10205,7 +8702,6 @@ "busboy": null, "busboys": null, "busby": "A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.", - "busch": null, "bused": null, "buses": null, "busgirl": null, @@ -10217,7 +8713,6 @@ "busheling": null, "bushels": "1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts. Note: The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18 2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick Mark iv. 21. 3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten bushels of apples. Note: In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel. 4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.] The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces. Dryden. 5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United States it is called a box. See 4th Bush.", "bushes": null, - "bushido": "The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan. Unformulated, Bushido was and still is the animating spirit, the motor force of our country. Inazo Nitobé.", "bushier": null, "bushiest": null, "bushiness": "The condition or quality of being bushy.", @@ -10227,7 +8722,6 @@ "bushmaster": null, "bushmasters": null, "bushmen": null, - "bushnell": null, "bushwhack": null, "bushwhacked": null, "bushwhacker": "1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.] They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight. W. Irving. 2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow.", @@ -10346,7 +8840,6 @@ "butts": "1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end. Here is my journey's end, here my butt And very sea mark of my utmost sail. Shak. Note: As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal. 2. The thicker end of anything. See But. 3. A mark to be shot at; a target. Sir W. Scott. The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes. Dryden. 4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the butt of the company. I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart. Addison. 5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram. 6. A thrust in fencing. To prove who gave the fairer butt, John shows the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior. 7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field. The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields. Burrill. 8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; -- also called butt joint. (b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib. (c) The portion of a half-coupling fastened to the end of a hose. 9. (Shipbuilding) The joint where two planks in a strake meet. 10. (Carp.) A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; -- so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt hinge. 11. (Leather Trade) The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks. 12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice. Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the end of a tug. -- Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See But end, under 2d But. Amen; and make me die a good old man! That's the butt end of a mother's blessing. Shak. A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to the butt, or mark. -- Butts and bounds (Conveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as they were formerly termed. Burrill. -- Bead and butt. See under Bead. -- Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. -- Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld. -- Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] \"The corporal . . . ran full butt at the lieutenant.\" Marryat.\n\n1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.] And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's well-watered ground. Drayton. 2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.] A snow-white steer before thine altar led, Butts with his threatening brows. Dryden.\n\nTo strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the head. Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. Sir H. Wotton.\n\nA large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads. Note: A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).\n\nThe common English flounder.", "butty": "One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore.", "buxom": "1. Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble. [Obs.] So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be, And buxom to his bands, is joy to see. Spenser. I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever buxom and obedient to the ordinance of it. Foxe. 2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy; jolly; frolicsome. A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton. A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long. Tatler. -- Bux\"om*ly, adv. -- Bux\"om*ness, n.", - "buxtehude": null, "buy": "1. To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the payment of a price or value; to purchase; -- opposed to sell. Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries. B. Franklin. 2. To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to buy pleasure with pain. Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding. Prov. xxiii. 23. To buy again. See Againbuy. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To buy off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration; as, to buy off conscience. (b) To detach by a consideration given; as, to buy off one from a party. -- To buy out (a) To buy off, or detach from. Shak. (b) To purchase the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; as, A buys out B. (c) To purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a business. -- To buy in, to purchase stock in any fund or partnership. -- To buy on credit, to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day. -- To buy the refusal (of anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time.\n\nTo negotiate or treat about a purchase. I will buy with you, sell with you. Shak.", "buyback": null, "buybacks": null, @@ -10371,9 +8864,7 @@ "bx": null, "bxs": null, "by": "1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me. By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton. 2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5. Long labors both by sea and land he bore. Dryden. By land, by water, they renew the charge. Pope. 3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church. 4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty. 5. Against. [Obs.] Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4]. 6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force. Note: To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: (a) It points out the author and producer; as, \"Waverley\", a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven. (b) In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; -- in such phrases as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to build by. (d) At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by the year. (e) In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by night. (g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; -- used in expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be here by two o'clock. Note: In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point nearer the east than northeast is. Note: With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings. see With. By all means, most assuredly; without fail; certainly. -- By and by. (a) Close together (of place). [Obs.] \"Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] by and by.\" Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at once. [Obs.] \"When . . . persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.\" Matt. xiii. 21. (c) Presently; pretty soon; before long. Note: In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to \"soon, and soon,\" that is instantly; hence, -- less emphatically, -- pretty soon, presently. -- By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.- By the bye. See under Bye. -- By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; -- said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern. -- By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side. -- By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off. -- By the way, by the bye; -- used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject. -Day by day, One by one, Piece by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally. -- To come by, to get possession of; to obtain. -- To do by, to treat, to behave toward. -- To set by, to value, to esteem. -- To stand by, to aid, to support. Note: The common phrase good-by is equivalent to farewell, and would be better written good-bye, as it is a corruption of God be with you (b'w'ye).\n\n1. Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time. 2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by. 3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.\n\nOut of the common path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by- design, by-interest, etc.", - "byblos": null, "bye": "1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.] The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the Church of England. Fuller. 2. (Cricket) A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye. T. Hughes. By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by the by.]\n\n1. A dwelling. Gibson. 2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player. Emerson.", - "byers": null, "byes": "1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.] The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the Church of England. Fuller. 2. (Cricket) A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye. T. Hughes. By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by the by.]\n\n1. A dwelling. Gibson. 2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player. Emerson.", "bygone": "Past; gone by. \"Bygone fooleries.\" Shak\n\nSomething gone by or past; a past event. \"Let old bygones be\" Tennyson. Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten.", "bygones": "Past; gone by. \"Bygone fooleries.\" Shak\n\nSomething gone by or past; a past event. \"Let old bygones be\" Tennyson. Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten.", @@ -10381,7 +8872,6 @@ "bylaws": null, "byline": null, "bylines": null, - "byob": null, "bypass": null, "bypassed": null, "bypasses": null, @@ -10391,13 +8881,10 @@ "byplay": "Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds.", "byproduct": null, "byproducts": null, - "byrd": null, "byre": "A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]", "byres": "A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]", "byroad": "A private or obscure road. \"Through slippery byroads\" Swift.", "byroads": "A private or obscure road. \"Through slippery byroads\" Swift.", - "byron": null, - "byronic": "Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron. With despair and Byronic misanthropy. Thackeray", "bystander": "One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting. He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them. Palfrey. Syn. -- Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.", "bystanders": "One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting. He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them. Palfrey. Syn. -- Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.", "byte": null, @@ -10407,8 +8894,6 @@ "byword": "1. A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency. I knew a wise man that had it for a byword. Bacon. 2. The object of a contemptuous saying. Thou makest us a byword among the heathen. Ps. xliv. 14", "bywords": "1. A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency. I knew a wise man that had it for a byword. Bacon. 2. The object of a contemptuous saying. Thou makest us a byword among the heathen. Ps. xliv. 14", "byzantine": "A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See Bezant.\n\nOf or pertaining to Byzantium. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. [ Written also Bizantine.] Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See under Greek. -- Byzantine empire, the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. -- Byzantine historians, historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire. P. Cyc. Byzantine style (Arch.), a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire. Note: Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent examples of Byzantine architecture.", - "byzantines": "A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See Bezant.\n\nOf or pertaining to Byzantium. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. [ Written also Bizantine.] Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See under Greek. -- Byzantine empire, the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. -- Byzantine historians, historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire. P. Cyc. Byzantine style (Arch.), a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire. Note: Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent examples of Byzantine architecture.", - "byzantium": null, "c": "1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek got it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, t\\'c5 221-228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or \"natural\" scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The \"C clef,\" a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.", "ca": null, "cab": "1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle. \"A cab came clattering up.\" Thackeray. Note: A cab may have two seats at right to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front. Hansom cab. See Hansom. 2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight.\n\nA Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.", @@ -10429,7 +8914,6 @@ "cabdriver": null, "cabdrivers": null, "caber": "A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength.", - "cabernet": null, "cabers": "A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength.", "cabin": "1. A cottage or small house; a hut. Swift. A hunting cabin in the west. E. Everett. 2. A small room; an inclosed place. So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive. Spenser. 3. A room in ship for officers or passengers. Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is wait on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.\n\nTo live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge. I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave. Shak.\n\nTo confine in, or as in, a cabin. I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears. Shak.", "cabinet": "1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.] Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural song of careful Colinet. Spenser. 2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet. 3. A private room in which consultations are held. Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet. Prescott. 4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council. Note: In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consists of those privy coucilors who actually transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley & W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general. 5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an étagère or closed with doors. See Etagere. 6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the collection itself. Cabinet council. (a) Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was formerly the full title). (b) A meeting of the cabinet. -- Cabinet councilor, a member of a cabinet council. -- Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carte de visite. -- Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection.\n\nSuitable for a cabinet; small. He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe. For. Quar. Rev.\n\nTo inclose [R.] Hewyt.", @@ -10454,10 +8938,6 @@ "caboodle": "The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.", "caboose": "1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly called the galley. 2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]", "cabooses": "1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly called the galley. 2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]", - "cabot": null, - "cabral": null, - "cabrera": null, - "cabrini": null, "cabriolet": "A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.", "cabriolets": "A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.", "cabs": "1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle. \"A cab came clattering up.\" Thackeray. Note: A cab may have two seats at right to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front. Hansom cab. See Hansom. 2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight.\n\nA Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.", @@ -10502,25 +8982,18 @@ "cadenzas": "A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final cadence.", "cadet": "1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the youngest son. The cadet of an ancient and noble family. Wood. 2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission. (b) A young man in training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich. Note: All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.", "cadets": "1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the youngest son. The cadet of an ancient and noble family. Wood. 2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission. (b) A young man in training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich. Note: All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.", - "cadette": null, "cadge": "1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. 2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.] 3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.] Wright.\n\nA circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.", "cadged": null, "cadger": "1. A packman or itinerant huckster. 2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or Slang] \"The gentleman cadger.\" Dickens.\n\nOne who carries hawks on a cadge.", "cadgers": "1. A packman or itinerant huckster. 2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or Slang] \"The gentleman cadger.\" Dickens.\n\nOne who carries hawks on a cadge.", "cadges": "1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. 2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.] 3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.] Wright.\n\nA circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.", "cadging": null, - "cadillac": "A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking. Johnson.", - "cadiz": null, "cadmium": "A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its association with zinc or zinc ore. Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.", "cadre": "The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff. [Written also cader.]", "cadres": "The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff. [Written also cader.]", "cads": "1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.] Dickens. 2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant] Thackeray.", "caducei": null, "caduceus": "The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two wings at the top.", - "caedmon": null, - "caerphilly": null, - "caesar": "A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus Cæsar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar. Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered and courted by Cæsar on one side and by Louis the Great on the other. Macaulay.", - "caesars": "A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus Cæsar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar. Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered and courted by Cæsar on one side and by Louis the Great on the other. Macaulay.", "caesura": "A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the cæsural accent rests, or which is used as a foot. Note: In the following line the cæsura is between study and of. The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.", "caesuras": "A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the cæsural accent rests, or which is used as a foot. Note: In the following line the cæsura is between study and of. The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.", "cafe": "A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.", @@ -10544,26 +9017,18 @@ "cagily": null, "caginess": null, "caging": null, - "cagney": null, "cagoule": null, "cagoules": null, - "cahokia": null, "cahoot": "Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.] Bartlett.", "cahoots": "Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.] Bartlett.", - "cai": null, - "caiaphas": null, "caiman": "See Cayman.", "caimans": "See Cayman.", - "cain": null, - "cains": null, "cairn": "1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument. Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn. Campbell. 2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley. Kane.", "cairns": "1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument. Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn. Campbell. 2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley. Kane.", - "cairo": null, "caisson": "1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his appoach. 2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level. (b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins. (c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it. 3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits. Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the interior through an air lock. See Lock.", "caissons": "1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his appoach. 2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level. (b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins. (c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it. 3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits. Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the interior through an air lock. See Lock.", "caitiff": "1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable. Arnold had sped his caitiff flight. W. Irving.\n\nA captive; a prisoner. [Obs.] Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave. Holland. 2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet. Note: The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench.", "caitiffs": "1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable. Arnold had sped his caitiff flight. W. Irving.\n\nA captive; a prisoner. [Obs.] Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave. Holland. 2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet. Note: The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench.", - "caitlin": null, "cajole": "To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle. I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a reception of my views. F. W. Robertson. Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.", "cajoled": null, "cajolement": "The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery. Coleridge.", @@ -10572,8 +9037,6 @@ "cajolery": "A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery. \"Infamous cajoleries.\" Evelyn.", "cajoles": "To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle. I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a reception of my views. F. W. Robertson. Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.", "cajoling": null, - "cajun": "In Louisiana, a person reputed to be Acadian French descent.", - "cajuns": "In Louisiana, a person reputed to be Acadian French descent.", "cake": "1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake. 2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape. 3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes. 4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague cake. Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood. Dryden. Cake urchin (Zoöl), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected. Shak.\n\nTo form into a cake, or mass.\n\nTo concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate. Clotted blood that caked within. Addison.\n\nTo cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]", "caked": null, "cakes": "1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake. 2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape. 3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes. 4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague cake. Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood. Dryden. Cake urchin (Zoöl), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected. Shak.\n\nTo form into a cake, or mass.\n\nTo concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate. Clotted blood that caked within. Addison.\n\nTo cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -10585,7 +9048,6 @@ "calabashes": null, "calaboose": "A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]", "calabooses": "A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]", - "calais": null, "calamari": null, "calamaris": null, "calamine": "A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc. Note: The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called smithsonite.", @@ -10624,25 +9086,14 @@ "calculators": "One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects. Ambition is no exact calculator. Burke.", "calculi": "See Calculus.", "calculus": "1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc. 2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation. Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which coëfficients or weights are ascribed. -- Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance. -- Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change. -- Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of exponents. -- Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.", - "calcutta": null, - "calder": null, "caldera": null, "calderas": null, - "calderon": null, - "caldwell": null, - "caleb": null, - "caledonia": "The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.", "calendar": "1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac. 2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter. 3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy. Note: Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. Bacon. Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month. -- Calendar month. See under Month. -- French Republican calendar. See under Vendémiaire. -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.\n\nTo enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse.", "calendared": null, "calendaring": null, "calendars": "1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac. 2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter. 3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy. Note: Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. Bacon. Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month. -- Calendar month. See under Month. -- French Republican calendar. See under Vendémiaire. -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.\n\nTo enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse.", - "calexico": null, "calf": "1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale. 2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light- colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf. 3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.] Some silly, doting, brainless calf. Drayton. 4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man. 5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane. 6. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kalfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee. Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.", "calfskin": "The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.", - "calgary": null, - "calhoun": null, - "cali": "The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]", - "caliban": null, "caliber": "1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber. The caliber of empty tubes. Reid. A battery composed of three guns of small caliber. Prescott. Note: The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber. 2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column. 3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke. Caliber compasses. See Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber, the weight of her armament.", "calibers": "1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber. The caliber of empty tubes. Reid. A battery composed of three guns of small caliber. Prescott. Note: The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber. 2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column. 3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke. Caliber compasses. See Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber, the weight of her armament.", "calibrate": "To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.", @@ -10655,12 +9106,7 @@ "calibrators": null, "calico": "1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc. [Eng.] The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East India Company. Beck (Draper's Dict. ). 2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern. Note: In the United States the term calico is applied only to the printed fabric. Calico bass (Zoöl.), an edible, fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback, grass bass, strawberry bass, barfish, and bitterhead. -- Calico printing, the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico.\n\nMade of, or having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U. S.]", "calicoes": null, - "calif": "Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.", - "california": null, - "californian": "Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant of California.", - "californians": "Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant of California.", "californium": null, - "caligula": null, "caliper": null, "calipered": null, "calipering": null, @@ -10678,16 +9124,12 @@ "call": "1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to call a servant. Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain Shak. 2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a church. Paul . . . called to be an apostle Rom. i. 1. The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. Acts xiii. 2. 3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together; as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as, to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen. Now call we our high court of Parliament. Shak. 4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name. If you would but call me Rosalind. Shak. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen. i. 5. 5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate. What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15. 6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles; he called it a full day's work. [The] army is called seven hundred thousand men. Brougham. 7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of. [Obs.] This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl. 8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company. No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. Gay. 9. To invoke; to appeal to. I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ] 10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken. If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly. Shak. To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. -- To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind. -- To call in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors. -- To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment. -- To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call out the militia. -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. -- To call to account, to demand explanation of. -- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body. Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate. To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.\n\n1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with to. You must call to the nurse. Shak. The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17. 2. To make a demand, requirement, or request. They called for rooms, and he showed them one. Bunyan. 3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as for orders. He ordered her to call at the house once a week. Temple. To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an order for; to request. \"Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more ale.\" Marryat. -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as, call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as, to call upon God. -- To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.\n\n1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the bugle's call. \"Call of the trumpet.\" Shak. I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. Milton. 2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty. 3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor. 4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal. Dependence is a perpetual call upon hummanity. Addison. Running into danger without any call of duty. Macaulay. 5. A divine vocation or summons. St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians. Locke. 6. Vocation; employment. Note: [In this sense, calling is generally used.] 7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders. The baker's punctual call. Cowper. 8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds. 9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty. 10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry. 11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant reguiring or calling for a carresponding object, etc., on the land. 12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant] 13. See Assessment, 4. At call, or On call, liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artifically applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.", "calla": "A genus of plants, of the order Araceæ. Note: The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.", "callable": null, - "callaghan": null, - "callahan": null, - "callao": null, "callas": "A genus of plants, of the order Araceæ. Note: The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.", "callback": null, "callbacks": null, "called": null, "caller": "One who calls.\n\n1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air. Jamieson. 2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.", "callers": "One who calls.\n\n1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air. Jamieson. 2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.", - "callie": null, "calligrapher": "One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.", "calligraphers": "One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.", "calligraphic": "Of or pertaining to calligraphy. Excellence in the calligraphic act. T. Warton.", @@ -10698,7 +9140,6 @@ "callings": "1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one. 2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament. The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment. Macaulay. 3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely called. Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling. 2 Tim. i. 9. Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure. 2 Pet. i. 10. 4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies. 5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade. The humble calling of ter female parent. Thackeray. 6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment. To impose celibacy on wholy callings. Hammond. 7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.] I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest son, and would not change that calling. Shak. Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation.", "calliope": "1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses. 2. (Astron.) One of the astreids. See Solar. 3. A musical instrument consisting of series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers. 4. (Zoöl.) A beautuful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions.", "calliopes": "1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses. 2. (Astron.) One of the astreids. See Solar. 3. A musical instrument consisting of series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers. 4. (Zoöl.) A beautuful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions.", - "callisto": null, "callosities": null, "callosity": "A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of continued pressure or friction.", "callous": "1. Hardenes; indurated. \"A callous hand.\" Goldsmith. \"A callous ulcer.\" Dunglison. 2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. \"The callous diplomatist.\" Macaulay. It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous to ridicule. T. Arnold. Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. See Obdurate. -- Cal\"lous*ly, adv. -- Cal\"lous*ness, n. A callousness and numbness of soul. Bentley.", @@ -10724,7 +9165,6 @@ "calmly": "In a calm manner. The gentle stream which calmly flows. Denham.", "calmness": "The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-repose. The gentle calmness of the flood. Denham. Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power. E. Everett. Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.", "calms": "Freodom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes motion or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness; quiet; serenity. The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. Mark. iv. 39. A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own making. South.\n\n1. To make calm; to render still or quet, as elements; as, to calm the winds. To calm the tempest raised by Eolus. Dryden. 2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or soothe, as the mind or passions. Passions which seem somewhat calmed. Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize; soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.\n\n1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed. \"Calm was the day.\" Spenser. Now all is calm, and fresh, and still. Bryant. 2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech. \"Calm and sinless peace.\" Milton. \"With calm attention.\" Pope. Such calm old age as conscience pure And self-commanding hearts ensure. Keble. Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.", - "caloocan": null, "caloric": "The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for heat. Caloric expands all bodies. Henry.\n\nOf or pertaining to caloric. Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated air.", "calorie": "The unit of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound.", "calories": "The unit of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound.", @@ -10741,26 +9181,16 @@ "calumnies": null, "calumnious": "Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous; as, calumnious reports. Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes. Shak. Syn: Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory; libelous; abusive. Syn: -- Ca*lum\"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lum\"ni*ous*ness, n.", "calumny": "False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander; detraction. \"Infamouse calumnies.\" Motley. Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Shak.", - "calvary": "1. The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem. Luke xxiii. 33. Note: The Latin calvaria is a translation of the Greek Golgotha. Dr. W. Smith. 2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of other personages who were present at the crucifixion. 3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly called cross calvary.", "calve": "1. To bring forth a calf. \"Their cow calveth.\" Job xxi. 10. 2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring. Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve Job xxxix. 1. The grassy clods now calved. Molton.", "calved": null, - "calvert": null, "calves": "1. To bring forth a calf. \"Their cow calveth.\" Job xxi. 10. 2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring. Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve Job xxxix. 1. The grassy clods now calved. Molton.", - "calvin": null, "calving": null, - "calvinism": "The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches. Note: The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications in different churches and at various times.", - "calvinisms": "The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches. Note: The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications in different churches and at various times.", - "calvinist": "A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism.", - "calvinistic": "Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching Calvinism. \"Calvinistic training.\" Lowell.", - "calvinists": "A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism.", "calypso": "A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68º N.", "calypsos": "A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68º N.", "calyx": "1. (Bot.) The covering of a flower. See Flower. Note: The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a sepal. 2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal papilæ.", "calyxes": null, "cam": "1. (Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which its acts. Note: Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc. 2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright. Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent motion.\n\nCrooked. [Obs.]", - "camacho": null, "camaraderie": "Comradeship and loyalty. The spirit of camaraderie is strong among these riders of the plains. W. A. Fraser.", - "camarillo": null, "camber": "1. (Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as, she has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of deck). 2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See Hogback. Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward. -- Camber beam (Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.\n\nTo cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward curve.\n\nTo curve upward.", "cambered": null, "cambering": null, @@ -10768,27 +9198,15 @@ "cambial": "Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.]", "cambium": "1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft. 2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase. Dunglison.", "cambiums": "1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft. 2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase. Dunglison.", - "cambodia": null, - "cambodian": null, - "cambodians": null, - "cambrian": "1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales. 2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram under Geology.\n\n1. A native of Cambria or Wales. 2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.", - "cambrians": "1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales. 2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram under Geology.\n\n1. A native of Cambria or Wales. 2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.", "cambric": "1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen. He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . . inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns. Shak. 2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; -- also called cotton cambric, and cambric muslin.", - "cambridge": null, "camcorder": null, "camcorders": null, - "camden": null, "came": "imp. of Come.\n\nA slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or pieces of glass.", "camel": "1. (Zoöl.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicuña, of South America, belong to a related genus (Auchenia). 2. (Naut.) A watertight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is lifted. Camel bird (Zoöl.), the ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zoöl.), the mantis. -- Camel's thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called manna.", "camelhair": null, "camellia": "An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and showy flowers. Camelia Japonica is much cultivated for ornament, and C. Sassanqua and C. Oleifera are grown in China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea.", "camellias": "An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and showy flowers. Camelia Japonica is much cultivated for ornament, and C. Sassanqua and C. Oleifera are grown in China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea.", - "camelopardalis": null, - "camelot": "See Camelet. [Obs.]", - "camelots": "See Camelet. [Obs.]", "camels": "1. (Zoöl.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicuña, of South America, belong to a related genus (Auchenia). 2. (Naut.) A watertight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is lifted. Camel bird (Zoöl.), the ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zoöl.), the mantis. -- Camel's thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called manna.", - "camembert": "A kind of soft, unpressed cream cheese made in the vicinity of Camembert, near Argentan, France; also, any cheese of the same type, wherever made.", - "camemberts": "A kind of soft, unpressed cream cheese made in the vicinity of Camembert, near Argentan, France; also, any cheese of the same type, wherever made.", "cameo": "A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or like. Note: Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and various kinds of shells, being used. Cameo conch (Zoöl.), a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See Quern conch.", "cameos": "A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or like. Note: Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and various kinds of shells, being used. Cameo conch (Zoöl.), a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See Quern conch.", "camera": "A chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The camera obscura when used in photography. See Camera, and Camera obscura. Bellows camera. See under Bellows. -- In camera (Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in camera. -- Panoramic, or Pantascopic, camera, a photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes. Abney.", @@ -10800,17 +9218,9 @@ "camerawoman": null, "camerawomen": null, "camerawork": null, - "cameron": null, - "cameroon": null, - "cameroonian": null, - "cameroonians": null, - "cameroons": null, "camiknickers": null, - "camilla": null, - "camille": null, "camisole": "1. A short dressing jacket for women. 2. A kind of straitjacket.", "camisoles": "1. A short dressing jacket for women. 2. A kind of straitjacket.", - "camoens": null, "camouflage": null, "camouflaged": null, "camouflager": null, @@ -10824,13 +9234,11 @@ "campaigners": "One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.", "campaigning": null, "campaigns": "1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. SeeChampaign. Grath. 2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field. Wilhelm. 3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U. S.] 4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation.\n\nTo serve in a campaign.", - "campanella": null, "campanile": "A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church. Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and magnificent atructures. Swift.", "campaniles": "A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church. Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and magnificent atructures. Swift.", "campanologist": "One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.", "campanologists": "One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.", "campanology": "The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.", - "campbell": null, "camped": null, "camper": "One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.", "campers": "One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.", @@ -10841,31 +9249,18 @@ "camphor": "1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphara (the Laurus camphara of Linnæus.). Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or sedative. 2. A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor, camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See Borneol. Note: The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as cedar camphor, obtained from the red or pencil cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of peppermint. Camphor oil (Chem.), name variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor tree. -- Camphor tree, a large evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax, smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood and subliming the product.\n\nTo impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate. [R.] Tatler.", "campier": null, "campiest": null, - "campinas": null, "camping": "1. Lodging in a camp. 2. Etym: [See Camp, n., 6] A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]", - "campos": null, "camps": "1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. Shzk. 2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly arranged in an orderly manner. Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston. W. Irving. 3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's camp. 4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc. The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight. Macaulay. 5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost; -- called also burrow and pie. [Prov. Eng.] 6. Etym: [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See champion.] An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England. Halliwell. Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. -- camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. -- Camp chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of strips or pieces of carpet. -- Camp fever, typhus fever. -- Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc. -- Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It usualy last for several days, during which those present lodge in tents, temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp stool, the same as camp chair, except that the stool has no back. -- Flying camp (Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another. Farrow. -- To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of a camp. -- To strike camp, to take down the tents or huts of a camp.\n\nTo afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers. Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would sup together. Shak.\n\n1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often with out. They camped out at night, under the stars. W. Irving. 2. Etym: [See Camp, n., 6] To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.", "campsite": null, "campsites": null, "campus": "The principal grounds of a college or school, between the buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the college campus.", "campuses": null, "campy": null, - "camry": null, "cams": "1. (Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which its acts. Note: Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc. 2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright. Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent motion.\n\nCrooked. [Obs.]", "camshaft": null, "camshafts": null, - "camus": "See Camis. [Obs.]", "can": "an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used in old poetry. Note: [See Gan.] With gentle words he can faile gree. Spenser.\n\n1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak. ] Fill the cup and fill can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson. 2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk can. Note: A can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used in canning.\n\nTo preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] \"Canned meats\" W. D. Howells. Canned goods, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.\n\n1. To know; to understand. [Obs.] I can rimes of Rodin Hood. Piers Plowman. I can no Latin, quod she. Piers Plowman. Let the priest in surplice white, That defunctive music can. Shak. 2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.] The will of Him who all things can. Milton. For what, alas, can these my single arms Shak. Mæcænas and Agrippa, who can most with Cæsar. Beau. & Fl. 3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I can go, but do not wish to. Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires the latter. If we say, \"I can but perish if I go,\" \"But\" means only, and denotes that this is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. \"We can not but speak of the things which we have seen and heard.\" he referred to a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, \"I can not help it.\" Thus we say. \"I can not but hope,\" \"I can not but believe,\" \"I can not but think,\" \"I can not but remark,\" etc., in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase can but. Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque De Quincey. Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not but understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer. Dickens.", - "canaan": null, - "canaanite": "1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah. 2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.\n\nA zealot. \"Simon the Canaanite.\" Matt. x. 4. Note: This was the \"Simon called Zelotes\" (Luke vi. 15), i.e., Simon the zealot. Kitto.", - "canaanites": "1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah. 2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.\n\nA zealot. \"Simon the Canaanite.\" Matt. x. 4. Note: This was the \"Simon called Zelotes\" (Luke vi. 15), i.e., Simon the zealot. Kitto.", - "canad": null, - "canada": "A small cañon; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]\n\nA British province in North America, giving its name to various plants and animals. Canada balsam. See under Balsam. -- Canada goose. (Zoöl.) See Whisky Jack. -- Canada lynx. (Zoöl.) See Lynx. -- Canada porcupine (Zoöl.) See Porcupine, and Urson. -- Canada rice (Bot.) See under Rick. -- Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird.", - "canadian": "Of or pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Canada. Canadian period (Geol.), A subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under Geology.", - "canadianism": null, - "canadians": "Of or pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Canada. Canadian period (Geol.), A subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under Geology.", "canal": "1. An artificial channel filled with water and designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc. 2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the alimentary canal; the semicircular canals of the ear. Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on the towpath beside the canal. Canal lock. See Lock.", - "canaletto": null, "canalization": "Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or canals. [R.]", "canalize": null, "canalized": null, @@ -10879,8 +9274,6 @@ "canaries": null, "canary": "1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds. 2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone. Canary grass, a grass of the genus Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the seed used as food for canary birds. -- Canary stone (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird. -- Canary wood, the beautiful wood of the trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. -- Canary vine. See Canary bird flower, under Canary bird.\n\n1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. \"A cup of canary.\" Shak. 2. A canary bird. 3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird. 4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.] Make you dance canary With sprightly fire and motion. Shak.\n\nTo perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper. [Obs.] But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to it with your feet. Shak.", "canasta": null, - "canaveral": null, - "canberra": null, "cancan": "A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or extravagant postures and gestures.", "cancans": "A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or extravagant postures and gestures.", "cancel": "1. To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with latticework. [Obs.] A little obscure place canceled in with iron work is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was scourged. Evelyn. 2. To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to exclude. [Obs.] \"Canceled from heaven.\" Milton. 3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out or obliterate. A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the form of latticework or cancelli; the phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing it. Blackstone. 4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall. The indentures were canceled. Thackeray. He was unwilling to cancel the interest created through former secret services, by being refractory on this occasion. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in type. Canceled figures (Print), figures cast with a line across the face., as for use in arithmetics. Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface; expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do away; set aside. See Abolish.\n\n1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit. [Obs.] A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement beyond the cancels of the body. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Print) (a) The suppression on striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or pages. (b) The part thus suppressed.", @@ -10895,12 +9288,9 @@ "cancer": "1. (Zoöl.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See Crab. 2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo. 3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework. Note: Four kinds of cancers are recognized: (1) Epithelial cancer, or Epithelioma, in which there is no trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in which the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties are also called carcinoma. Cancer cells, cells once believed to be peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.), the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of Cancer. See Tropic.", "cancerous": "Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer. \"cancerous vices\" G. Eliot. [1913 Webster] -- Can\"cer*ous*ly, adv. --Can\"cer*ous*ness, n.", "cancers": "1. (Zoöl.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See Crab. 2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo. 3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework. Note: Four kinds of cancers are recognized: (1) Epithelial cancer, or Epithelioma, in which there is no trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in which the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties are also called carcinoma. Cancer cells, cells once believed to be peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.), the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of Cancer. See Tropic.", - "cancun": null, - "candace": null, "candelabra": null, "candelabras": null, "candelabrum": "1. (Antiq.) (a) A lamp stand of any sort. (b) A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive offering to a temple. 2. A large candlestick, having several branches.", - "candice": null, "candid": "1. White. [Obs.] The box receives all black; but poured from thence, The stones came candid forth, the hue of innocence. Dryden. 2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a candid opinion. \"Candid and dispassionate men.\" W. Irving. 3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken. Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank; artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid, Fair, Open, Frank, Ingenuous. A man is fair when he puts things on a just or equitable footing; he is candid when be looks impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open and frank when he declares his sentiments without reserve; he is ingenuous when he does this from a noble regard for truth. Fair dealing; candid investigation; an open temper; a frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or declaration.", "candida": null, "candidacies": null, @@ -10909,7 +9299,6 @@ "candidates": "One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; as, a candidate for the office of governor; a candidate for holy orders; a candidate for scholastic honors.", "candidature": "Candidacy.", "candidatures": "Candidacy.", - "candide": null, "candidly": "In a candid manner.", "candidness": "The quality of being candid.", "candied": "1. Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; as, candied fruits. 2. (a) Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as candied sirup. (b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as, candidied raisins. (c) Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering. Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp. Shak. 3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or candy. Will the cold brook, Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast Shak.", @@ -10954,7 +9343,6 @@ "cannelloni": null, "canneries": null, "cannery": "A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on. [U. S.]", - "cannes": null, "cannibal": "A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its own kind. Darwin.\n\nRelating to cannibals or cannibalism. \"Cannibal terror.\" Burke.", "cannibalism": "The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity. Berke.", "cannibalistic": null, @@ -11004,14 +9392,12 @@ "canoodling": null, "canopied": null, "canopies": null, - "canopus": "A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation Argo.", "canopy": "1. A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of honor. \"Golden canoniec and beds of state.\" Dryden. 2. (Arch.) (a) An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc. (b) Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc.\n\nTo cover with, or as with, a canopy. \"A bank with ivy canopied.\" Milton.", "canopying": null, "cans": "an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used in old poetry. Note: [See Gan.] With gentle words he can faile gree. Spenser.\n\n1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak. ] Fill the cup and fill can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson. 2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk can. Note: A can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used in canning.\n\nTo preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] \"Canned meats\" W. D. Howells. Canned goods, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.\n\n1. To know; to understand. [Obs.] I can rimes of Rodin Hood. Piers Plowman. I can no Latin, quod she. Piers Plowman. Let the priest in surplice white, That defunctive music can. Shak. 2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.] The will of Him who all things can. Milton. For what, alas, can these my single arms Shak. Mæcænas and Agrippa, who can most with Cæsar. Beau. & Fl. 3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I can go, but do not wish to. Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires the latter. If we say, \"I can but perish if I go,\" \"But\" means only, and denotes that this is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. \"We can not but speak of the things which we have seen and heard.\" he referred to a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, \"I can not help it.\" Thus we say. \"I can not but hope,\" \"I can not but believe,\" \"I can not but think,\" \"I can not but remark,\" etc., in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase can but. Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque De Quincey. Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not but understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer. Dickens.", "canst": null, "cant": "1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.] The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant. B. Jonson. 2. An outer or external angle. 3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a titl. Totten. 4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; as, to give a ball a cant. 5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask. Knight. 6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel. Knight. 7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads. Cant frames, Cant timbers (Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel.\n\n1. To incline; to set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship. 2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a football. 3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or from the head of a bolt.\n\n1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking. 2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or occupation. Goldsmith. The cant of any profession. Dryden. 3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt; hypocrisy. They shall hear no cant fromF. W. Robertson 4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars.\n\nOf the nature of cant; affected; vulgar. To introduce and multiply cant words in the most ruinous corruption in any language. Swift.\n\n1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone. 2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic. The rankest rogue that ever canted. Beau. & Fl. 3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of learning. The doctor here, When he discqurseth of dissection, Of vena cava and of vena porta, The meseræum and the mesentericum, What does he else but cant. B. Jonson That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting hanguage, if I may so call it. Bp. Sanderson.\n\nA all for bidders at a public sale; an auction. \"To sell their leases by cant.\" Swift.\n\nto sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction. [Archaic] Swift. CAN'T Can't. A colloquial contraction for can not.", "cantabile": "In a melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to bravura, recitativo, or parlando.\n\nA piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly adapted to singing; -- sometimes called cantilena.", - "cantabrigian": "A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of the university of Cambridge, England.", "cantaloupe": "A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also cantaleup.]", "cantaloupes": "A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also cantaleup.]", "cantankerous": "Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious. [Colloq.] -- Can*tan\"ker*ous*ly, adv. -- Can*tan\"ker*ous*ness, n. The cantankerous old maiden aunt. Theckeray.", @@ -11023,7 +9409,6 @@ "canteen": "1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink. [Written also cantine..] Note: In the English service the canteen is made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a tin flask. 2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing culinary and other vessels for officers.", "canteens": "1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink. [Written also cantine..] Note: In the English service the canteen is made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a tin flask. 2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing culinary and other vessels for officers.", "canter": "1. A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding. Note: The canter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches . . . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different horses for performing the canter, that no single description will suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of them. J. H. Walsh. 2. A rapid or easy passing over. A rapid canter in the Times over all the topics. Sir J. Stephen.\n\nTo move in a canter.\n\nTo cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.\n\n1. One who cants or whines; a beggar. 2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one who uses canting language. The day when he was a canter and a rebel. Macaulay.", - "canterbury": "1. A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all England), and contains the shrine of Thomas à Becket, to which pilgrimages were formerly made. 2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music, loose papers, etc. Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species of Campanula of several varietes, cultivated for its handsome bell-shaped flowers. -- Canterbury gallop, a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims riding, to Canterbury; a canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the tales which Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by travelers pass away the time.", "cantered": null, "cantering": null, "canters": "1. A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding. Note: The canter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches . . . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different horses for performing the canter, that no single description will suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of them. J. H. Walsh. 2. A rapid or easy passing over. A rapid canter in the Times over all the topics. Sir J. Stephen.\n\nTo move in a canter.\n\nTo cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.\n\n1. One who cants or whines; a beggar. 2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one who uses canting language. The day when he was a canter and a rebel. Macaulay.", @@ -11037,17 +9422,13 @@ "canto": "1. One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book. 2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the soprano. Canto fermo ( Etym: [It.] (Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in cathedral service; the plain song.", "canton": "A song or canto [Obs.] Write loyal cantons of contemned love. Shak.\n\n1. A small portion; a division; a compartment. That little canton of land called the \"English pale\" Davies. There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six several cantons, the several parts of our Savior's passion are represented. Bp. Burnet. 2. A small community or clan. 3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See Arrondissement. 4. (Her.) A division of a shield occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield, meeting a horizontal line from the side. The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our arms. Evelyn.\n\n1. To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct portion or division. They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world. Locke. 2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to, as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of troops.", "cantonal": "Of or pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a canton.", - "cantonese": null, "cantonment": "A town or village, or part of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters; temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters. Note: When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the houses of the people during any suspension of hostilities, they are said to be in cantonment, or to be cantoned. In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are termed cantonments.", "cantonments": "A town or village, or part of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters; temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters. Note: When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the houses of the people during any suspension of hostilities, they are said to be in cantonment, or to be cantoned. In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are termed cantonments.", "cantons": "A song or canto [Obs.] Write loyal cantons of contemned love. Shak.\n\n1. A small portion; a division; a compartment. That little canton of land called the \"English pale\" Davies. There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six several cantons, the several parts of our Savior's passion are represented. Bp. Burnet. 2. A small community or clan. 3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See Arrondissement. 4. (Her.) A division of a shield occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield, meeting a horizontal line from the side. The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our arms. Evelyn.\n\n1. To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct portion or division. They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world. Locke. 2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to, as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of troops.", "cantor": "A singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a precentor. The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum. Milman.", "cantors": "A singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a precentor. The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum. Milman.", "cantos": "1. One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book. 2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the soprano. Canto fermo ( Etym: [It.] (Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in cathedral service; the plain song.", - "cantrell": null, "cants": "1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.] The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant. B. Jonson. 2. An outer or external angle. 3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a titl. Totten. 4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; as, to give a ball a cant. 5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask. Knight. 6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel. Knight. 7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads. Cant frames, Cant timbers (Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel.\n\n1. To incline; to set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship. 2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a football. 3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or from the head of a bolt.\n\n1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking. 2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or occupation. Goldsmith. The cant of any profession. Dryden. 3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt; hypocrisy. They shall hear no cant fromF. W. Robertson 4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars.\n\nOf the nature of cant; affected; vulgar. To introduce and multiply cant words in the most ruinous corruption in any language. Swift.\n\n1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone. 2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic. The rankest rogue that ever canted. Beau. & Fl. 3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of learning. The doctor here, When he discqurseth of dissection, Of vena cava and of vena porta, The meseræum and the mesentericum, What does he else but cant. B. Jonson That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting hanguage, if I may so call it. Bp. Sanderson.\n\nA all for bidders at a public sale; an auction. \"To sell their leases by cant.\" Swift.\n\nto sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction. [Archaic] Swift. CAN'T Can't. A colloquial contraction for can not.", - "cantu": null, - "canute": null, "canvas": "1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for tents, sails, etc. By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led. Tennyson. 2. (a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for working with the needle, as in tapestry, or worsted work. (b) A piece of strong cloth of which the surface has been prepared to receive painting, commonly painting in oil. History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the canvas the details which were familiar. J. H. Newman. 3. Something for which canvas is used: (a) A sail, or a collection of sails. (b) A tent, or a collection of tents. (c) A painting, or a picture on canvas. To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see. Goldsmith. Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of Claude. Macaulay. 4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the measure of the verses he is to make. Grabb.\n\nMade of, pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; as, a canvas tent.", "canvasback": "A Species of duck (Aythya vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the plumage on its back.", "canvasbacks": "A Species of duck (Aythya vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the plumage on its back.", @@ -11066,7 +9447,6 @@ "cap": "1. A covering for the head; esp. (a) One usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys; (b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or infants; (c) One used as the mark or ensign of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal. 2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief. Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. Shak. 3. A respectful uncovering of the head. He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks. Fuller. 4. (Zoöl.) The whole top of the head of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the neck. 5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use; as: (a) (Arch.) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate. (b) Something covering the top or end of a thing for protection or ornament. (c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope. (d) A percussion cap. See under Percussion. (e) (Mech.) The removable cover of a journal box. (f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface. 6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat cap; foolscap; legal cap. Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an apron. -- Cap in hand, obsequiously; submissively. -- Cap of liberty. See Liberty cap, under Liberty. -- Cap of maintenance, a cap of state carried before the kings of England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some cities. -- Cap money, money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox. -- Cap paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities. Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material. -- Flat cap, cap See Foolscap. -- Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an officer of soldier. -- Legal cap, a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at the top or \"narrow edge.\" -- To set one's cap, to make a fool of one. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a view to marriage. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of; as, to cap a post; to cap a gun. The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth cartilaginous substance. Derham. 2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or consummation; as, to cap the climax of absurdity. 4. To salute by removing the cap. [Slang. Eng.] Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest of bows. Thackeray. 5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to; as, to cap text; to cap proverbs. Shak. Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with him to the end of the chapter. Dryden. Note: In capping verses, when one quotes a verse another must cap it by quoting one beginning with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.\n\nTo uncover the head respectfully. Shak.", "capabilities": null, "capability": "1. The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp. intellectual power or ability. A capability to take a thousand views of a subject. H. Taylor. 2. Capacity of being used or improved.", - "capablanca": null, "capable": "1. Possessing ability, qualification, or susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient size or strength; as, a room capable of holding a large number; a castle capable of resisting a long assault. Concious of jou and capable of pain. Prior. 2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able; fully competent; as, a capable instructor; a capable judge; a mind capable of nice investigations. More capable to discourse of battles than to give them. Motley. 3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a man capable of making a contract, or a will. 4. Capacious; large; comprehensive. [Obs.] Shak. Note: Capable is usually followed by of, sometimes by an infinitive. Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; skillful.", "capably": null, "capacious": "1. Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious; extended; broad; as, a capacious vessel, room, bay, or harbor. In the capacious recesses of his mind. Bancroft. 2. Able or qualified to make large views of things, as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive; liberal. \"A capacious mind.\" Watts.", @@ -11083,22 +9463,15 @@ "caparisons": "1. An ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness or trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when decorative. Their horses clothed with rich caparison. Drylen. 2. Gay or rich clothing. My heart groans beneath the gay caparison. Smollett.\n\n1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness or fit out with decorative trappings, as a horse. The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand. Dryden. 2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress. I am caparisoned like a man. Shak.", "cape": "A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland. Cape buffalo (Zoöl.) a large and powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus Caffer). It is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine, Cape jassamine. See Jasmine. -- Cape pigeon (Zoöl.), a petrel (Daptium Capense) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine, wine made in South Africa [Eng.] -- The Cape, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn, and, in New England, of Cape Cod.\n\nTo head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes southwest by south.\n\nA sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See Cloak.\n\nTo gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "caped": null, - "capek": null, - "capella": "A brilliant star in the constellation Auriga.", "caper": "To leap or jump about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance; to dance. He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth. Shak.\n\nA frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank. To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive spring; to play a prank. Shak.\n\nA vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer. Wright.\n\n1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Capparis; -- called also caper bush, caper tree. Note: The Capparis spinosa is a low prickly shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant flowers; - - cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The C. sodada is an almost leafless spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with edible berries. Bean caper. See Bran caper, in the Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce, a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers.", "capered": null, "capering": null, "capers": "To leap or jump about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance; to dance. He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth. Shak.\n\nA frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank. To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive spring; to play a prank. Shak.\n\nA vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer. Wright.\n\n1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Capparis; -- called also caper bush, caper tree. Note: The Capparis spinosa is a low prickly shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant flowers; - - cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The C. sodada is an almost leafless spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with edible berries. Bean caper. See Bran caper, in the Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce, a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers.", "capes": "A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland. Cape buffalo (Zoöl.) a large and powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus Caffer). It is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine, Cape jassamine. See Jasmine. -- Cape pigeon (Zoöl.), a petrel (Daptium Capense) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine, wine made in South Africa [Eng.] -- The Cape, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn, and, in New England, of Cape Cod.\n\nTo head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes southwest by south.\n\nA sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See Cloak.\n\nTo gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "capeskin": null, - "capet": null, - "capetian": null, - "capetown": null, - "caph": null, "capillaries": null, "capillarity": "1. The quality or condition of being capillary. 2. (Physics) The peculiar action by which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed; capillary attraction. Note: Capillarity depends upon the relative attaction of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid, and is especially observable in capillary tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid above or below the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped; -- hence the name.", "capillary": "1. Resembling a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or interspaces; having very small bore; as, the capillary vessels of animals and plants. 2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels; as, capillary action. Capillary attraction, Capillary repulsion, the apparent attraction or repulsion between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See Capillarity, and Attraction. -- Capillarity tubes. See the Note under Capillarity.\n\n1. A tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute. 2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled vessel; particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and biliary vessels.", - "capistrano": null, "capital": "1. Of or pertaining to the head. [Obs.] Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise Expect with mortal pain. Milton. 2. Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with death; as, capital trials; capital punishment. Many crimes that are capital among us. Swift. To put to death a capital offender. Milton. 3. First in importance; chief; principal. A capital article in religion Atterbury. Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity. I. Taylor. 4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation; as, Washington and Paris are capital cities. 5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or song. [Colloq.] Capital letter Etym: [F, lettre capitale] (Print.), a leading or heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part, both by different form and larger size, from the small (lower-case) letters, which form the greater part of common print or writing. -- Small capital letters have the form of capital letters and height of the body of the lower-case letters. -- Capital stock, money, property, or stock invested in any business, or the enterprise of any corporation or institution. Abbott. Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.\n\n1. (Arch.) The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and necking. See these terms, and Column. 2. Etym: [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc. ville.] (Geog.) The seat of government; the chief city or town in a country; a metropolis. \"A busy and splendid capital\" Macauly. 3. Etym: [Cf. F. capital.] Money, property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest. See Capital stock, under Capital, a. 4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of the produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to support human beings or to assist in production. M'Culloch. Note: When wealth is used to assist production it is called capital. The capital of a civilized community includes fixed capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and roads used in the course of production and exchange) amd circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc., spent in the course of production and exchange). T. Raleing. 5. Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence. He tried to make capital out of his rival's discomfiture. London Times. 6. (Fort.) An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts. 7. A chapter, or section, of a book. [Obs.] Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital. Sir W. Scott. 8. (Print.) See Capital letter, under Capital, a. Active capital. See under Active, -- Small capital (Print.), a small capital letter. See under Capital, a. -- To live on one's capital, to consume one's capital without producing or accumulating anything to replace it.", "capitalism": null, "capitalist": "One who has capital; one who has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of large property, which is employed in business. The expenditure of the capitalist. Burke.", @@ -11115,7 +9488,6 @@ "capitation": "1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a poll tax.", "capitations": "1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a poll tax.", "capitol": "1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met. Comes Cæsar to the Capitol to-morrow Shak. 2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.", - "capitoline": "Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. \"Capitolian Jove.\" Macaulay. Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they were held every fifth year.", "capitols": "1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met. Comes Cæsar to the Capitol to-morrow Shak. 2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.", "capitulate": "1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to agree. [Obs.] There capitulates with the king . . . to take to wife his daughter Mary. Heylin. There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to certain heads or capitula should not be called to capitulate. Trench. 2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a garrison capitulates. The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated. Macaulay.\n\nTo surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions. [R.]", "capitulated": null, @@ -11127,23 +9499,17 @@ "caplets": null, "capo": null, "capon": "A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table. Shak. The merry thought of a capon. W. Irving.\n\nTo castrate; to make a capon of.", - "capone": null, "capons": "A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table. Shak. The merry thought of a capon. W. Irving.\n\nTo castrate; to make a capon of.", "capos": null, - "capote": "A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.", "capped": null, "capping": null, "cappuccino": null, "cappuccinos": null, - "capra": "A genus of ruminants, including the common goat.", - "capri": "Wine produced on the island of Capri, commonly a light, dry, white wine.", "caprice": "1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion. \"Caprices of appetite.\" W. Irving. 2. (Mus.) See Capriccio. Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness.", "caprices": "1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion. \"Caprices of appetite.\" W. Irving. 2. (Mus.) See Capriccio. Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness.", "capricious": "Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable. \"Capricious poet.\" Shak. \"Capricious humor.\" Hugh Miller. A capricious partiality to the Romish practices. Hallam. Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety; fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant; arbitrary. -- Ca*pri\"cious*ly, adv. -- Ca*pri\"cious*ness, n.", "capriciously": null, "capriciousness": null, - "capricorn": "1. (Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See Tropic. The sun was entered into Capricorn. Dryden. 2. (Astron.) A southern constellation, represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish. Capricorn beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family Carambucidæ; one of the long-horned beetles. The larvæ usually bore into the wood or bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See Girdler, Pruner.", - "capricorns": "1. (Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See Tropic. The sun was entered into Capricorn. Dryden. 2. (Astron.) A southern constellation, represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish. Capricorn beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family Carambucidæ; one of the long-horned beetles. The larvæ usually bore into the wood or bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See Girdler, Pruner.", "caps": "1. A covering for the head; esp. (a) One usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys; (b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or infants; (c) One used as the mark or ensign of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal. 2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief. Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. Shak. 3. A respectful uncovering of the head. He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks. Fuller. 4. (Zoöl.) The whole top of the head of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the neck. 5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use; as: (a) (Arch.) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate. (b) Something covering the top or end of a thing for protection or ornament. (c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope. (d) A percussion cap. See under Percussion. (e) (Mech.) The removable cover of a journal box. (f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface. 6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat cap; foolscap; legal cap. Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an apron. -- Cap in hand, obsequiously; submissively. -- Cap of liberty. See Liberty cap, under Liberty. -- Cap of maintenance, a cap of state carried before the kings of England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some cities. -- Cap money, money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox. -- Cap paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities. Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material. -- Flat cap, cap See Foolscap. -- Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an officer of soldier. -- Legal cap, a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at the top or \"narrow edge.\" -- To set one's cap, to make a fool of one. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a view to marriage. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of; as, to cap a post; to cap a gun. The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth cartilaginous substance. Derham. 2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or consummation; as, to cap the climax of absurdity. 4. To salute by removing the cap. [Slang. Eng.] Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest of bows. Thackeray. 5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to; as, to cap text; to cap proverbs. Shak. Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with him to the end of the chapter. Dryden. Note: In capping verses, when one quotes a verse another must cap it by quoting one beginning with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.\n\nTo uncover the head respectfully. Shak.", "capsicum": "A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce. Note: The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or birs pepper. C, annuum or chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.", "capsicums": "A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce. Note: The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or birs pepper. C, annuum or chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.", @@ -11195,12 +9561,7 @@ "captured": null, "captures": "1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal. Even with regard to captures made at sea. Bluckstone. 2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction. 3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey. Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.\n\nTo seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort. Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured. W. Ivring.", "capturing": null, - "capuchin": "1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St. Francis. A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. Sir W. Scott. 2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; -- called also capucine monkey, weeper, sajou, sapajou, and sai. (b) Other species of Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or horned capucine.), C. albifrons (the cararara), and C. apella. (c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck. Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa.", - "capulet": "Same as Capellet.", "car": "1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart. 2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.] Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train. 3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic]. The gilded car of day. Milton. The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson. 4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper. The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden. 5. The cage of a lift or elevator. 6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc. 7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.] Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] -- Horse car, or Street car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Palace car, Drawing- room car, Sleeping car, Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.", - "cara": null, - "caracalla": null, - "caracas": null, "carafe": "A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also croft.", "carafes": "A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also croft.", "caramel": "1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc. 2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.", @@ -11213,7 +9574,6 @@ "carapaces": "The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.", "carat": "1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed. Note: The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Titfany. 2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold. Note: A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.", "carats": "1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed. Note: The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Titfany. 2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold. Note: A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.", - "caravaggio": null, "caravan": "1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa. 2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts. 3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van.", "caravans": "1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa. 2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts. 3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van.", "caravansaries": null, @@ -11229,7 +9589,6 @@ "carbohydrate": "One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6.", "carbohydrates": "One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6.", "carbolic": "Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol). See Phenol.", - "carboloy": null, "carbon": "An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite. Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory. The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen -Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic. -- Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. -- Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. -- Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney. -- Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.", "carbonaceous": "Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.", "carbonate": "A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.", @@ -11237,7 +9596,6 @@ "carbonates": "A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.", "carbonating": null, "carbonation": null, - "carbondale": null, "carboniferous": "Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See the Diagram under Geology.", "carbonize": "1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char. 2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.", "carbonized": null, @@ -11269,7 +9627,6 @@ "cardamons": null, "cardboard": "A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc., often having a polished surface.", "carded": null, - "cardenas": null, "carder": "One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.", "carders": "One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.", "cardholder": null, @@ -11277,10 +9634,8 @@ "cardiac": "1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach. 2. (Med.) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant. Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac wheel. (Mach.) See Heart wheel.\n\nA medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.", "cardie": null, "cardies": null, - "cardiff": null, "cardigan": null, "cardigans": null, - "cardin": null, "cardinal": "Of fundamental importance; preëminet; superior; chief; principal. The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne. Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton. But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak. Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. -- Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. -- Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth (Zoöl.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See Bivalve. -- Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart. They remain through life in some fishes. -- Cardinal virtues, preëminent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. -- Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west.\n\n1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college. The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved. Pope Leo IX. Note: The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it. 2. A woman's short cloak with a hood. Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd. 3. Mulled red wine. Hotten. Cardinal bird, or Cardinal grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American song bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family Fringillidæ, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal birds. -- Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty. -- Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.", "cardinally": null, "cardinals": "Of fundamental importance; preëminet; superior; chief; principal. The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne. Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton. But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak. Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. -- Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. -- Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth (Zoöl.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See Bivalve. -- Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart. They remain through life in some fishes. -- Cardinal virtues, preëminent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. -- Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west.\n\n1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college. The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved. Pope Leo IX. Note: The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it. 2. A woman's short cloak with a hood. Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd. 3. Mulled red wine. Hotten. Cardinal bird, or Cardinal grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American song bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family Fringillidæ, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal birds. -- Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty. -- Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.", @@ -11296,7 +9651,6 @@ "cardiomyopathy": null, "cardiopulmonary": null, "cardiovascular": null, - "cardozo": null, "cards": "1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a card of invitation; pl. a game played with cards. Our first cards were to Carabas House. Thackeray. 2. A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the fair. 3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass. All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's card. Shak. 4. (Weaving) A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard. 5. An indicator card. See under Indicator. Business card, a card on which is printed an advertisement or business address. -- Card basket (a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard. -- Card catalogue. See Catalogue. -- Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and displaying business or visiting card. -- Card table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having a leaf which folds over. -- On the cards, likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common use; also, according to the programme. -- Playing card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains fifty-two cards. -- To have the cards in one's own hands, to have the winning cards; to have the means of success in an undertaking. -- To play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly. -- To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants to rivals or foes. -- To speak by the card, to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass card. -- Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.\n\nTo play at cards; to game. Johnson.\n\n1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to a back. 2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding machine. Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.\n\n1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as, to card wool; to card a horse. These card the short comb the longer flakes. Dyer. 2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.] This book [must] be carded and purged. T. Shelton. 3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article. [Obs.] You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk. -- half small, half strong. Greene. Note: In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process of carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the longer fibers only are collected, while the short straple is combed away. See Combing.", "cardsharp": null, "cardsharper": null, @@ -11338,18 +9692,13 @@ "caretakers": null, "carets": "A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.\n\nThe hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.", "careworn": "Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or face.", - "carey": null, "carfare": null, "cargo": "The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight. Cargoes of food or clothing. E. Everett. Note: The term cargo, in law, is usually applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons. Burill.", "cargoes": null, "carhop": null, "carhops": null, - "carib": "A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands.", - "caribbean": "Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central America.", - "caribbeans": "Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central America.", "caribou": "The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren Ground caribou. See under Barren. -- Woodland caribou, the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern forests of America.", "caribous": "The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren Ground caribou. See under Barren. -- Woodland caribou, the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern forests of America.", - "caribs": "A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands.", "caricature": "1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture. 2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.] The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor. A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.\n\nTo make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque. He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.", "caricatured": null, "caricatures": "1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture. 2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.] The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor. A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.\n\nTo make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque. He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.", @@ -11359,10 +9708,8 @@ "caries": "Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.", "carillon": "1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys. 2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.", "carillons": "1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys. 2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.", - "carina": "1. (Bot.) A keel. (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat. 2. (Zoöl.) The keel of the breastbone of birds.", "caring": null, "carious": "Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.", - "carissa": null, "carjack": null, "carjacked": null, "carjacker": null, @@ -11370,39 +9717,20 @@ "carjacking": null, "carjackings": null, "carjacks": null, - "carl": "1. A rude, rustic man; a churl. The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer. 2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also carl hemp. 3. pl. A kind of food. See citation, below. Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).", - "carla": null, - "carlene": null, - "carlin": "An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]", - "carlo": null, "carload": null, "carloads": null, - "carlos": null, - "carlsbad": null, - "carlson": null, - "carlton": null, - "carly": null, - "carlyle": null, "carmaker": null, "carmakers": null, - "carmela": null, - "carmella": null, - "carmelo": null, - "carmen": null, - "carmichael": null, "carmine": "1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple. 2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting. 3. (Chem.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid. Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthaleïns.", "carmines": "1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple. 2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting. 3. (Chem.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid. Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthaleïns.", "carnage": "1. Flesh of slain animals or men. A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. Macaulay. 2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc. The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay.", "carnal": "1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to spiritual. For ye are yet carnal. 1 Car. iii. 3. Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton rnal desires after miracles. Trench. 2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.] This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak. Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; -- used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.", "carnality": "The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind. Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson.", "carnally": "According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually. For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Rom. viii. 6.", - "carnap": null, "carnation": "1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink. Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton. 2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints. The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt. 3. (Bot.) A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.", "carnations": "1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink. Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton. 2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints. The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt. 3. (Bot.) A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.", - "carnegie": null, "carnelian": "A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals.", "carnelians": "A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals.", - "carney": "A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat.", "carnies": null, "carnival": "1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday. The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison. 2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess. Tennyson. He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron.", "carnivals": "1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday. The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison. 2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess. Tennyson. He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron.", @@ -11412,22 +9740,15 @@ "carnivorous": "Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.", "carnivorously": null, "carnivorousness": null, - "carnot": null, "carny": null, "carob": "1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; -- called also carob tree. 2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.", "carobs": "1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; -- called also carob tree. 2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.", "carol": "1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay. The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden It was the carol of a bird. Byron. 3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol. Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson. In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble. 4. Joyful music, as of a song. I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play. Longfellow.\n\n1. To praise or celebrate in song. The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton. 2. To sing, especially with joyful notes. Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.\n\nTo sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble. And carol of love's high praise. Spenser. The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.\n\nA small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th century. A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.", - "carole": null, "caroled": null, "caroler": null, "carolers": null, - "carolina": null, - "caroline": "A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents. Simmonds.\n\nA coin. See Carline.", "caroling": "A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols. Coleridge. Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser.", - "carolingian": null, - "carolinian": "A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.", "carols": "1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay. The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden It was the carol of a bird. Byron. 3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol. Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson. In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble. 4. Joyful music, as of a song. I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play. Longfellow.\n\n1. To praise or celebrate in song. The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton. 2. To sing, especially with joyful notes. Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.\n\nTo sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble. And carol of love's high praise. Spenser. The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.\n\nA small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th century. A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.", - "carolyn": null, "carom": "A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called cannon.\n\nTo make a carom.", "caromed": null, "caroming": null, @@ -11448,8 +9769,6 @@ "carp": "1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by at. Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag. And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.\n\n1. To say; to tell. [Obs.] 2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nA fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp. Note: The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur. Carp louse (Zoöl.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp mullet (Zoöl.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zoöl.), a name given to several species of fresh- water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also quillback.", "carpal": "Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale. Carpal angle (Zoöl.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.", "carpals": "Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale. Carpal angle (Zoöl.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.", - "carpathian": "Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south.", - "carpathians": "Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south.", "carped": null, "carpel": "A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of Carpaphore.", "carpels": "A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of Carpaphore.", @@ -11480,22 +9799,17 @@ "carports": null, "carps": "1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by at. Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag. And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.\n\n1. To say; to tell. [Obs.] 2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nA fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp. Note: The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur. Carp louse (Zoöl.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp mullet (Zoöl.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zoöl.), a name given to several species of fresh- water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also quillback.", "carpus": "The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two rows.", - "carr": null, - "carranza": null, "carrel": "See Quarrel, an arrow.\n\nSame as 4th Carol.", "carrels": "See Quarrel, an arrow.\n\nSame as 4th Carol.", "carriage": "1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.] David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage. 1. Sam. xvii. 22. And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15. 2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying. Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman. 3. The price or expense of carrying. 4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or supported; as, a bell carriage. 5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners. His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling. 6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management. The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak. Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage. -- Carriage porch (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously called in the United States porte-cochère.", "carriages": "1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.] David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage. 1. Sam. xvii. 22. And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15. 2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying. Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman. 3. The price or expense of carrying. 4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or supported; as, a bell carriage. 5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners. His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling. 6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management. The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak. Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage. -- Carriage porch (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously called in the United States porte-cochère.", "carriageway": null, "carriageways": null, - "carrie": null, "carried": null, "carrier": "1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger. The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon. 2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster. The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures. Swift. 3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel. Carrier pigeon (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a distant point to to its home. -- Carrier shell (Zoöl.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it. -- Common carrier (Law.) See under Common, a.", "carriers": "1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger. The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon. 2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster. The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures. Swift. 3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel. Carrier pigeon (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a distant point to to its home. -- Carrier shell (Zoöl.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it. -- Common carrier (Law.) See under Common, a.", "carries": null, - "carrillo": null, "carrion": "1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food. They did eat the dead carrions. Spenser. 2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of reproach. [Obs.] \"Old feeble carrions.\" Shak.\n\nOf or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion. A prey for carrion kites. Shak. Carrion beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the family Silphidæ. -- Carrion buzzard (Zoöl.), a South American bird of several species and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act as scavengers. See Caracara. -- Carrion crow, the common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.", - "carroll": null, "carrot": "1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties. 2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.", "carrots": "1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties. 2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.", "carroty": "Like a carrot in color or in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.", @@ -11511,7 +9825,6 @@ "cars": "1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart. 2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.] Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train. 3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic]. The gilded car of day. Milton. The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson. 4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper. The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden. 5. The cage of a lift or elevator. 6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc. 7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.] Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] -- Horse car, or Street car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Palace car, Drawing- room car, Sleeping car, Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.", "carsick": null, "carsickness": null, - "carson": null, "cart": "1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. \"Phoebus' cart.\" Shak. 2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles. Packing all his goods in one poor cart. Dryden. 3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, atc. 4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage. Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. -- Cart load, or Cartload, as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart load. -- Cart rope, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope. -- To put (or get or set) the cart before the horse, to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a cause.\n\n1. To carry or convey in a cart. 2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment. She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior.\n\nTo carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.", "cartage": "1. The act of carrying in a cart. 2. The price paid for carting.", "carted": null, @@ -11519,14 +9832,8 @@ "cartels": "1. (Mil.) An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of prisoners. Wilhelm. 2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat. [Obs.] He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., Sir W. Scott. Cartel, or Cartel ship, a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and privileged from capture.\n\nTo defy or challenge. [Obs.] You shall cartel him. B. Jonson.", "carter": "1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of Phalangium; -- also called harvestman. (b) A British fish; the whiff.", "carters": "1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of Phalangium; -- also called harvestman. (b) A British fish; the whiff.", - "cartersville": null, - "cartesian": "Of or pertaining to the French philosopher René Descartes, or his philosophy. The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. Sir W. Hamilton. Cartesian coördinates (Geom), distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes. -- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in changing the specific gravity of bodies. -- Cartesion oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any point of the curve mr + m'r' = c, where r and r' are the distances of the point from the two foci and m, m' and c are constant; -- used by Descartes.\n\nAn adherent of Descartes.", - "carthage": null, - "carthaginian": "Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Carthage.", - "carthaginians": "Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Carthage.", "carthorse": null, "carthorses": null, - "cartier": null, "cartilage": "A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle. Note: Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See Illust under Duplication. Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the joints. -- Cartilage bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. -- Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See Illust. of Thorax.", "cartilages": "A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle. Note: Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See Illust under Duplication. Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the joints. -- Cartilage bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. -- Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See Illust. of Thorax.", "cartilaginous": "1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like cartilage. 2. (Zoöl.) Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.", @@ -11552,8 +9859,6 @@ "cartwheeled": null, "cartwheeling": null, "cartwheels": null, - "cartwright": "An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.", - "caruso": null, "carve": "1. To cut. [Obs.] Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser. 2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave. Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge. 3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a tree. An angel carved in stone. Tennyson. We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe. 4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. \"To carve a capon.\" Shak. 5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting. My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson. A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson. 6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide. Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South. 7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan. Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak. To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out. \"[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his passage.\" Shak. Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.\n\n1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures. 2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.\n\nA carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.", "carved": null, "carver": "1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural adornments, etc. \"The carver's chisel.\" Dodsley. The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. ) 2. One who carves or divides meat at table. 3. A large knife for carving.", @@ -11563,16 +9868,10 @@ "carves": "1. To cut. [Obs.] Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser. 2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave. Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge. 3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a tree. An angel carved in stone. Tennyson. We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe. 4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. \"To carve a capon.\" Shak. 5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting. My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson. A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson. 6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide. Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South. 7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan. Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak. To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out. \"[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his passage.\" Shak. Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.\n\n1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures. 2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.\n\nA carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.", "carving": "1. The act or art of one who carves. 2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material. \"Carving in wood.\" Sir W. Temple. 3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.", "carvings": "1. The act or art of one who carves. 2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material. \"Carving in wood.\" Sir W. Temple. 3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.", - "cary": null, "caryatid": "Of or pertaining to a caryatid.\n\n(Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.", "caryatids": "Of or pertaining to a caryatid.\n\n(Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.", "casaba": null, "casabas": null, - "casablanca": null, - "casals": "Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.", - "casandra": null, - "casanova": null, - "casanovas": null, "cascade": "A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a cataract. The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longjellow. Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cawper.\n\n1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell. 2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.", "cascaded": null, "cascades": "A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a cataract. The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longjellow. Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cawper.\n\n1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell. 2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.", @@ -11596,7 +9895,6 @@ "casework": null, "caseworker": null, "caseworkers": null, - "casey": null, "cash": "A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a money box. [Obs.] This bank is properly a general cash, where every man lodges his money. Sir W. Temple. £20,000 are known to be in her cash. Sir R. Winwood. 2. (Com.) (a) Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money. (b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; as, to sell goods for cash; to make a reduction in price for cash. Cash account (Bookkeeping), an account of money received, disbursed, and on hand. -- Cash boy, in large retail stores, a messenger who carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a cashier, and returns the proper change. [Colloq.] -- Cash credit, an account with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an amount agreed upon; -- called also bank credit and cash account. -- Cash sales, sales made for ready, money, in distinction from those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the day of transaction. Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.\n\nTo pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; as, cash a note or an order.\n\nTo disband. [Obs.] Garges.\n\nA Chinese coin. Note: The cash (Chinese tsien) is the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent to a dollar.", "cashback": null, "cashbook": "A book in which is kept a register of money received or paid out.", @@ -11616,17 +9914,10 @@ "casings": "Dried dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Waterland.", "casino": "1. A small country house. 2. A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc. 3. A game at cards. See Cassino.", "casinos": "1. A small country house. 2. A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc. 3. A game at cards. See Cassino.", - "casio": null, "cask": "1. Same as Casque. [Obs.] 2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller than a barrel. 3. The quantity contained in a cask. 4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo put into a cask.", "casket": "1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels, etc. The little casket bring me hither. Shak. 2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.] 3. Anything containing or intended to contain something highly esteemed; as: (a) The body. (Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton). (c) A book of selections. [poetic] They found him dead . . . an empty casket. Shak.\n\nA gasket. See Gasket.\n\nTo put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] \"I have casketed my treasure.\" Shak.", "caskets": "1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels, etc. The little casket bring me hither. Shak. 2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.] 3. Anything containing or intended to contain something highly esteemed; as: (a) The body. (Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton). (c) A book of selections. [poetic] They found him dead . . . an empty casket. Shak.\n\nA gasket. See Gasket.\n\nTo put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] \"I have casketed my treasure.\" Shak.", "casks": "1. Same as Casque. [Obs.] 2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller than a barrel. 3. The quantity contained in a cask. 4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo put into a cask.", - "caspar": null, - "casper": null, - "caspian": null, - "cassandra": null, - "cassandras": null, - "cassatt": null, "cassava": "1. (Bot.) A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus Manihot, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; -- called also manioc. Note: There are two species, bitter and sweet, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter (Manihot utilissima) is the more important; this has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi) is used as a table vegetable. 2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.", "cassavas": "1. (Bot.) A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus Manihot, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; -- called also manioc. Note: There are two species, bitter and sweet, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter (Manihot utilissima) is the more important; this has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi) is used as a table vegetable. 2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.", "casserole": "1. (Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually of porcelain. 2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or meat.", @@ -11637,16 +9928,11 @@ "cassettes": "Same as Seggar.", "cassia": "1. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used in medicine. 2. The bark of several species of Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached. Note: The medicinal \"cassia\" (Cassia pulp) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree (Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree), native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical countries. Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum Cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are called Cassia lignea, and are often used to adulterate true cinnamon. -- Cassia buds, the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia, atc..). -- Cassia oil, oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also oil of cinnamon.", "cassias": "1. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used in medicine. 2. The bark of several species of Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached. Note: The medicinal \"cassia\" (Cassia pulp) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree (Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree), native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical countries. Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum Cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are called Cassia lignea, and are often used to adulterate true cinnamon. -- Cassia buds, the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia, atc..). -- Cassia oil, oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also oil of cinnamon.", - "cassidy": null, - "cassie": null, - "cassiopeia": "A constellation of the northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; -- so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of Ethiopia. Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six stars, in Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.", - "cassius": "A brownish purple pigment, obtained by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to give a beautiful purple color. Commonly called Purple of Cassius.", "cassock": "1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform. 2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.", "cassocks": "1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform. 2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.", "cassowaries": null, "cassowary": "A large bird, of the genus Casuarius, found in the east Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New Guinea, Australia, etc.", "cast": "1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel. Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones. 2 Chron. xxvi. 14 Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. Acts. xii. 8 We must be cast upon a certain island. Acts. xxvii. 26. 2. To direct or turn, as the eyes. How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! Shak. 3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot. 4. To throw down, as in wrestling. Shak. 5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart. Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee. Luke xix. 48. 6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose. His filth within being cast. Shak. Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. Mal. iii. 11 The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the viper, etc. Bacon. 7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink. Thy she-goats have not cast their young. Gen. xxi. 38. 8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.] This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. Woodward. 9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to cast a ray upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject. 10. To impose; to bestow; to rest. The government I cast upon my brother. Shak. Cast thy burden upon the Lord. Ps. iv. 22. 11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.] The state can not with safety casthim. 12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a horoscope. \"Let it be cast and paid.\" Shak. You cast the event of war my noble lord. Shak. 13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic] The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for [an orange- house]. Sir W. Temple. 14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict; as, to be cast in damages. She was cast to be hanged. Jeffrey. Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would inevitably be cast. Dr. H. More. 15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice. How much interest casts the balance in cases dubious! South. 16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as, to cast bells, stoves, bullets. 17. (Print.) To stereotype or electrotype. 18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part. Our parts in the other world will be new cast. Addison. To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under Anchor. -- To cast a horoscope, to calculate it. -- To cast a horse, sheep, or other animal, to throw with the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising again. -- To cast a shoe, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox. -- To cast aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as useless or inconvenient. -- To cast away. (a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste. \"Cast away a life\" Addison. (b) To reject; to let perish. \"Cast away his people.\" Rom. xi. 1. \"Cast one away.\" Shak. (c) To wreck. \"Cast away and sunk.\" Shak. -- To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw away. -- To cast down, to throw down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind. \"Why art thou cast down. O my soul\" Ps. xiii. 5. -- To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. -- To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid or abuse one for; to twin. -- To cast lots. See under Lot. -- To cast off. (a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs. Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or let go, as a rope. -- To cast off copy, (Print.), to estimate how much printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of pages. -- To cast one's self on or upon to yield or submit one's self unreservedly to. as to the mercy of another. -- To cast out, to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to expel; to utter. -- To cast the lead (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the botton. -- To cast the water (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of disease. [Obs.]. -- To cast up. (a) To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to reckon, as the cost. (c) To vomit. (d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.\n\n1. To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook. 2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind in getting under weigh. Weigh anchor, cast to starboard. Totten. 3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; as, to cast about for reasons. She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution this should be. Luke. i. 29. 4. To calculate; to compute. [R.] Who would cast and balance at a desk. Tennyson. 5. To receive form or shape in a mold. It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold. Woodward. 6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape. Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters its flatness or straightness. Moxon. 7. To vomit. These verses . . . make me ready to cast. B. Jonson.\n\n3d pres. of Cast, for Casteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The act of casting or throwing; a throw. 2. The thing thrown. A cast of dreadful dust. Dryden. 3. The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown. \"About a stone's cast.\" Luke xxii. 41. 4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture. An even cast whether the army should march this way or that way. Sowth. I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the excrement of a earthworm. 6. The act of casting in a mold. And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. Shak. 7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person; amold; a pattern. 8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a casting. 9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a pecullar cast of countenance. \"A neat cast of verse.\" Pope. An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure. Prior. And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. Shak. 10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade. Gray with a cast of green. Woodward. 11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage; specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift. [Scotch] We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to the next stage. Smollett. If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it. Sir W. Scott. 12. The assignment of parts in a play to the actors. 13. (Falconary) A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go at one time from the hand. Grabb. As when a cast of falcons make their flight. Spenser. 14. A stoke, touch, or trick. [Obs.] This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his information was wholly false. Swift. 15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance; squint. The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion. Bacon. And let you see with one cast of an eye. Addison. This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's eye. Hawthorne. 16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold. 17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp. 18. Contrivance; plot, design. [Obs.] Chaucer. A cast of the eye, a slight squint or strabismus. -- Renal cast (Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal tubes. -- The last cast, the last throw of the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the last chance.", - "castaneda": null, "castanet": "See Castanets.", "castanets": "Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to their dance and guitars. Note: The singular, castanet, is used of one of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument. The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand, rattles then to the motion of his feet. Moore (Encyc. of Music).", "castaway": "1. One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked. 2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral shipwreck; a reprobate. Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I myself should be a castaway. 1 Cor. ix. 27.\n\nOf no value; rejected; useless.", @@ -11663,13 +9949,10 @@ "castigation": "1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof; pungent criticism. The keenest castigation of her slanderers. W. Irving. 2. Emendation; correction. [Obs.]", "castigator": "One who castigates or corrects.", "castigators": "One who castigates or corrects.", - "castilian": "1. An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain. 2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.", - "castillo": null, "casting": "1. The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing. 2. The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten metal into a mold. 3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze casting. 4. The warping of a board. Brande & C. 5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc. Casting of draperies, the proper distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture. -- Casting line (Fishing), the leader; also, sometimes applied to the long reel line. Casting net, a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left. -- Casting voice, Casting vote, the decisive vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided. \"When there was an equal vote, the governor had the casting voice.\" B. Trumbull. -- Casting weight, a weight that turns a balance when exactly poised.", "castings": "1. The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing. 2. The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten metal into a mold. 3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze casting. 4. The warping of a board. Brande & C. 5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc. Casting of draperies, the proper distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture. -- Casting line (Fishing), the leader; also, sometimes applied to the long reel line. Casting net, a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left. -- Casting voice, Casting vote, the decisive vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided. \"When there was an equal vote, the governor had the casting voice.\" B. Trumbull. -- Casting weight, a weight that turns a balance when exactly poised.", "castle": "1. A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a fortress. The house of every one is to him castle and fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose. Coke. Our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn. Shak. Note: Originally the mediæval castle was a single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which replaced ancient fortresses. A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; B C Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the exterior; D Square tower, separating the two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior walls; G H Round towers on the exterior walls; K Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and leading to a court, L (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; M Turret, containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, B, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.; N Turret with stairway for tower, C; O Echauguettes; P P P Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations (those at Q defend the postern K); R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at T and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, C H) and over two drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner court. 2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion. 3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back. 4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a rook. Castle in the air, a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a castle in Spain (F. Château en Espagne). Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See Fortress.\n\nTo move the castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering the king.", "castled": "Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a castled height or crag. 2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled walls.", - "castlereagh": null, "castles": "1. A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a fortress. The house of every one is to him castle and fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose. Coke. Our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn. Shak. Note: Originally the mediæval castle was a single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which replaced ancient fortresses. A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; B C Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the exterior; D Square tower, separating the two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior walls; G H Round towers on the exterior walls; K Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and leading to a court, L (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; M Turret, containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, B, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.; N Turret with stairway for tower, C; O Echauguettes; P P P Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations (those at Q defend the postern K); R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at T and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, C H) and over two drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner court. 2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion. 3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back. 4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a rook. Castle in the air, a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a castle in Spain (F. Château en Espagne). Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See Fortress.\n\nTo move the castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering the king.", "castling": "That which is cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion. Sir T. Browne.\n\nA compound move of the king and castle. See Castle, v. i.", "castoff": null, @@ -11682,8 +9965,6 @@ "castrating": null, "castration": "The act of castrating.", "castrations": "The act of castrating.", - "castries": null, - "castro": null, "casts": "1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel. Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones. 2 Chron. xxvi. 14 Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. Acts. xii. 8 We must be cast upon a certain island. Acts. xxvii. 26. 2. To direct or turn, as the eyes. How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! Shak. 3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot. 4. To throw down, as in wrestling. Shak. 5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart. Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee. Luke xix. 48. 6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose. His filth within being cast. Shak. Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. Mal. iii. 11 The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the viper, etc. Bacon. 7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink. Thy she-goats have not cast their young. Gen. xxi. 38. 8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.] This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. Woodward. 9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to cast a ray upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject. 10. To impose; to bestow; to rest. The government I cast upon my brother. Shak. Cast thy burden upon the Lord. Ps. iv. 22. 11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.] The state can not with safety casthim. 12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a horoscope. \"Let it be cast and paid.\" Shak. You cast the event of war my noble lord. Shak. 13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic] The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for [an orange- house]. Sir W. Temple. 14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict; as, to be cast in damages. She was cast to be hanged. Jeffrey. Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would inevitably be cast. Dr. H. More. 15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice. How much interest casts the balance in cases dubious! South. 16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as, to cast bells, stoves, bullets. 17. (Print.) To stereotype or electrotype. 18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part. Our parts in the other world will be new cast. Addison. To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under Anchor. -- To cast a horoscope, to calculate it. -- To cast a horse, sheep, or other animal, to throw with the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising again. -- To cast a shoe, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox. -- To cast aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as useless or inconvenient. -- To cast away. (a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste. \"Cast away a life\" Addison. (b) To reject; to let perish. \"Cast away his people.\" Rom. xi. 1. \"Cast one away.\" Shak. (c) To wreck. \"Cast away and sunk.\" Shak. -- To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw away. -- To cast down, to throw down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind. \"Why art thou cast down. O my soul\" Ps. xiii. 5. -- To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. -- To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid or abuse one for; to twin. -- To cast lots. See under Lot. -- To cast off. (a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs. Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or let go, as a rope. -- To cast off copy, (Print.), to estimate how much printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of pages. -- To cast one's self on or upon to yield or submit one's self unreservedly to. as to the mercy of another. -- To cast out, to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to expel; to utter. -- To cast the lead (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the botton. -- To cast the water (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of disease. [Obs.]. -- To cast up. (a) To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to reckon, as the cost. (c) To vomit. (d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.\n\n1. To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook. 2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind in getting under weigh. Weigh anchor, cast to starboard. Totten. 3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; as, to cast about for reasons. She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution this should be. Luke. i. 29. 4. To calculate; to compute. [R.] Who would cast and balance at a desk. Tennyson. 5. To receive form or shape in a mold. It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold. Woodward. 6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape. Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters its flatness or straightness. Moxon. 7. To vomit. These verses . . . make me ready to cast. B. Jonson.\n\n3d pres. of Cast, for Casteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The act of casting or throwing; a throw. 2. The thing thrown. A cast of dreadful dust. Dryden. 3. The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown. \"About a stone's cast.\" Luke xxii. 41. 4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture. An even cast whether the army should march this way or that way. Sowth. I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the excrement of a earthworm. 6. The act of casting in a mold. And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. Shak. 7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person; amold; a pattern. 8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a casting. 9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a pecullar cast of countenance. \"A neat cast of verse.\" Pope. An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure. Prior. And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. Shak. 10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade. Gray with a cast of green. Woodward. 11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage; specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift. [Scotch] We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to the next stage. Smollett. If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it. Sir W. Scott. 12. The assignment of parts in a play to the actors. 13. (Falconary) A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go at one time from the hand. Grabb. As when a cast of falcons make their flight. Spenser. 14. A stoke, touch, or trick. [Obs.] This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his information was wholly false. Swift. 15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance; squint. The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion. Bacon. And let you see with one cast of an eye. Addison. This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's eye. Hawthorne. 16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold. 17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp. 18. Contrivance; plot, design. [Obs.] Chaucer. A cast of the eye, a slight squint or strabismus. -- Renal cast (Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal tubes. -- The last cast, the last throw of the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the last chance.", "casual": "1. Happening or coming to pass without design, and without being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance. Casual breaks, in the general system. W. Irving. 2. Coming without regularity; occasional; incidental; as, casual expenses. A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture. Hawthorne. Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional; contingent; unforeseen. See Accidental.\n\nOne who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a vagrant.", "casually": "Without design; accidentally; fortuitously; by chance; occasionally.", @@ -11704,19 +9985,15 @@ "catacombs": "A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural. Note: The terms is supposed to have been applied originally to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastain in Rome. The most celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way, supposed to have been the place or refuge and interment of the early Chrictians; those of Egypt, extending for a wide distance in the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone quarries, excavated under a large portion of the city.", "catafalque": "A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial.", "catafalques": "A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial.", - "catalan": "Of or pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia. Catalan furnace, Catalan forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the United States and elsewhere.", - "catalans": "Of or pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia. Catalan furnace, Catalan forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the United States and elsewhere.", "catalepsy": "A sudden suspension of sensation and volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may be given them, while the action of the heart and lungs continues.", "cataleptic": "Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy; affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic fit.", "cataleptics": "Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy; affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic fit.", - "catalina": null, "catalog": "Catalogue.", "cataloged": null, "cataloger": null, "catalogers": null, "cataloging": null, "catalogs": "Catalogue.", - "catalonia": null, "catalpa": "A genus of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long cylindrical pods, and the C. speciosa, of the Mississipi valley; -- called also Indian bean.", "catalpas": "A genus of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long cylindrical pods, and the C. speciosa, of the Mississipi valley; -- called also Indian bean.", "catalyses": null, @@ -11744,7 +10021,6 @@ "catatonia": null, "catatonic": null, "catatonics": null, - "catawba": "1. A well known light red variety of American grape. 2. A light-colored, sprightly American wine from the Catawba grape.", "catbird": "An American bird (Galeoscoptes Carolinensis), allied to the mocking bird, and like it capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.", "catbirds": "An American bird (Galeoscoptes Carolinensis), allied to the mocking bird, and like it capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.", "catboat": "A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward as possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom. See Illustration in Appendix.", @@ -11810,29 +10086,19 @@ "catharsis": "A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the mouth, bowels, etc.", "cathartic": "1. (Med.) Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative. 2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of senna, as cathartic acid.\n\nA medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity. Note: The cathartics are more energetic and certain in action that the laxatives, which simply increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint that the drastic purges, which cause profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations. -- Ca*thar\"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Ca*thar\"tic*al*ness, n.", "cathartics": "1. (Med.) Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative. 2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of senna, as cathartic acid.\n\nA medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity. Note: The cathartics are more energetic and certain in action that the laxatives, which simply increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint that the drastic purges, which cause profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations. -- Ca*thar\"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Ca*thar\"tic*al*ness, n.", - "cathay": "China; -- an old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North China (Khitai, the country of the Khitans.) Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. Tennyson.", "cathedral": "The principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.\n\n1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese; as, a cathedral church; cathedral service. 2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or bishop; official; authoritative. Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make a cathedral determination of an article! Jer. Taylor. 3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks. Pope.", "cathedrals": "The principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.\n\n1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese; as, a cathedral church; cathedral service. 2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or bishop; official; authoritative. Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make a cathedral determination of an article! Jer. Taylor. 3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks. Pope.", - "cather": null, - "catherine": null, "catheter": "The name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp. applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder through the urethra to draw off the urine. Eustachian catheter. See under Eustachian. -- Prostatic catheter, one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.", "catheterize": "To operate on with a catheter. Dunglison.", "catheterized": null, "catheterizes": "To operate on with a catheter. Dunglison.", "catheterizing": null, "catheters": "The name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp. applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder through the urethra to draw off the urine. Eustachian catheter. See under Eustachian. -- Prostatic catheter, one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.", - "cathleen": null, "cathode": "The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative pole; -- opposed to anode. Faraday. Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of ray generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical discharge.", "cathodes": "The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative pole; -- opposed to anode. Faraday. Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of ray generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical discharge.", "cathodic": "A term applied to the centrifugal, or efferent course of the nervous infuence. Marshall Hall.", "catholic": "1. Universal or general; as, the catholic faith. Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great and catholic a war. Southey. Note: This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited. 2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; as, catholic tastes. 3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation act. Catholic epistles, the espistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.\n\n1. A person who accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of the orthodox Christian church. 2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman Catholic. Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.", - "catholicism": "1. The state or quality of being catholic or universal; catholicity. Jer. Taylor. 2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view. 3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence thereto. 4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or adherence thereto.", - "catholicisms": "1. The state or quality of being catholic or universal; catholicity. Jer. Taylor. 2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view. 3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence thereto. 4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or adherence thereto.", "catholicity": "1. The state or quality of being catholic; universality. 2. Liberality of sentiments; catholicism. 3. Adherence or conformity to the system of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the doctrine so held; orthodoxy. 4. Adherence to the doctrines of the church of Rome, or the doctrines themselves.", - "catholics": "1. Universal or general; as, the catholic faith. Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great and catholic a war. Southey. Note: This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited. 2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; as, catholic tastes. 3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation act. Catholic epistles, the espistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.\n\n1. A person who accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of the orthodox Christian church. 2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman Catholic. Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.", - "cathryn": null, - "cathy": null, - "catiline": null, "cation": "An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion. Faraday.", "cations": "An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion. Faraday.", "catkin": "An ament; a species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak, hickory, etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See Illust. of Ament.", @@ -11843,13 +10109,9 @@ "catnapping": null, "catnaps": null, "catnip": "A well-know plant of the genus Nepeta (N. Cataria), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a peculiar fondness for it.", - "cato": null, "cats": "1. (Zoöl.) An animal of various species of the genera Felis and Lynx. The domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat (Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus) See Wild cat, and Tiger cat. Note: The domestic cat includes many varieties named from their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the Angora cat; the Maltese cat; the Manx cat. Note: The word cat is also used to designate other animals, from some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat, fisher cat, catbird, catfish shark, sea cat. 2. (Naut.) (a) A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade. (b) A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a ship. Totten. 3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever position in is placed. 4. An old game; (a) The game of tipcat and the implement with which it is played. See Tipcat. (c) A game of ball, called, according to the number of batters, one old cat, two old cat, etc. 5. A cat o' nine tails. See below. Angora cat, blind cat, See under Angora, Blind. -- Black cat the fisher. See under Black. -- Cat and dog, like a cat and dog; quarrelsome; inharmonius. \"I am sure we have lived a cat and dog life of it.\" Coleridge. -- Cat block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor up to the cathead. -- Cat hook (Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat block. -- Cat nap, a very short sleep. [Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails, an instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog offenders on the bare back. -- Cat's cradle, game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch cradle. -- To let the cat out of the bag, to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully. [Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the serval. See Serval.\n\nTo bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See Anchor. Totten.", - "catskill": null, - "catskills": null, "catsuit": null, "catsuits": null, - "catt": null, "cattail": null, "cattails": null, "catted": null, @@ -11864,15 +10126,8 @@ "cattleman": null, "cattlemen": null, "catty": "An East Indian Weight of 11/3 pounds.", - "catullus": null, - "catv": null, "catwalk": null, "catwalks": null, - "caucasian": "1. Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas. 2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the type.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian. 2. A member of any of the white races of mankind.", - "caucasians": "1. Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas. 2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the type.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian. 2. A member of any of the white races of mankind.", - "caucasoid": null, - "caucasus": null, - "cauchy": null, "caucus": "A meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party policy; a political primary meeting. This day learned that the caucus club meets, at certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the Boston regiment. John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].\n\nTo hold, or meet in, a caucus or caucuses.", "caucused": null, "caucuses": null, @@ -11939,7 +10194,6 @@ "caved": null, "caveman": null, "cavemen": null, - "cavendish": "Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or cakes. Cut cavendish, the plugs cut into long shreds for smoking.", "caver": null, "cavern": "A large, deep, hollow place in the earth; a large cave.", "cavernous": "1. Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large cavity; hollow. 2. Filled with small cavities or cells. 3. Having a sound caused by a cavity. Cavernous body, a body of erectile tissue with large interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the penis or clitoris. -- Cavernous respiration, a peculiar respiratory sound andible on auscultation, when the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid cavities in the lungs.", @@ -11963,30 +10217,15 @@ "cavorted": null, "cavorting": null, "cavorts": "To prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider. [Local slang U. S.]", - "cavour": null, "caw": "To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. Rising and cawing at the gun's report. Shak.\n\nThe cry made by the crow, rook, or raven.", "cawed": null, "cawing": null, "caws": "To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. Rising and cawing at the gun's report. Shak.\n\nThe cry made by the crow, rook, or raven.", - "caxton": "Any book printed by William Caxton, the first English printer. Hansard.", "cay": "See Key, a ledge.", "cayenne": "Cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper. (a) (Bot.) A species of capsicum (C. frutescens) with small and intensely pungent fruit. (b) A very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or seeds of several species of the genus Capsicum, esp. C. annuum and C. Frutescens; -- Called also red pepper. It is used chiefly as a condiment.", - "cayman": "The south America alligator. See Alligator. [Sometimes written caiman.]", "cays": "See Key, a ledge.", - "cayuga": null, - "cayugas": "; sing Cayuga. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inbabiting western New-York, forming part of the confederacy called the Five Nations.", "cayuse": "An Indian pony. [Northw. U. S.]", "cayuses": "An Indian pony. [Northw. U. S.]", - "cb": null, - "cbc": null, - "cbs": null, - "cctv": null, - "ccu": null, - "cd": null, - "cdc": null, - "cds": null, - "cdt": null, - "ce": null, "cease": "1. To come to an end; to stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; as, the noise ceased \"To cease from strife.\" Prov. xx. 3. 2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away. The poor shall never cease out of the land. Deut. xv. 11. Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit; discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.\n\nTo put a stop to; to bring to an end. But he, her fears to cease Sent down the meek-eyed peace. Milton. Cease, then, this impious rage. Milton\n\nExtinction. [Obs.] Shak.", "ceased": null, "ceasefire": null, @@ -11996,16 +10235,8 @@ "ceaselessness": null, "ceases": "1. To come to an end; to stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; as, the noise ceased \"To cease from strife.\" Prov. xx. 3. 2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away. The poor shall never cease out of the land. Deut. xv. 11. Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit; discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.\n\nTo put a stop to; to bring to an end. But he, her fears to cease Sent down the meek-eyed peace. Milton. Cease, then, this impious rage. Milton\n\nExtinction. [Obs.] Shak.", "ceasing": null, - "ceausescu": null, - "cebu": null, - "cebuano": null, "ceca": null, "cecal": null, - "cecelia": null, - "cecil": null, - "cecile": null, - "cecilia": null, - "cecily": null, "cecum": null, "cedar": "The name of several evergreen trees. The wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor. Note: The cedar of Lebanon is the Cedrus Libani; the white cedar (Cupressus thyoides) is now called Chamoecyparis sphæroidea; American red cedar is the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the West Indian Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with odoriferous wood are locally called cedar. Cedar bird (Zoöl.), a species of chatterer (Ampelis cedrarum), so named from its frequenting cedar trees; -- called also cherry bird, Canada robin, and American waxwing.\n\nOf or pertaining to cedar.", "cedars": "The name of several evergreen trees. The wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor. Note: The cedar of Lebanon is the Cedrus Libani; the white cedar (Cupressus thyoides) is now called Chamoecyparis sphæroidea; American red cedar is the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the West Indian Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with odoriferous wood are locally called cedar. Cedar bird (Zoöl.), a species of chatterer (Ampelis cedrarum), so named from its frequenting cedar trees; -- called also cherry bird, Canada robin, and American waxwing.\n\nOf or pertaining to cedar.", @@ -12017,7 +10248,6 @@ "cedilla": "A mark placed under the letter c [thus, ç], to show that it is to be sounded like s, as in façade.", "cedillas": "A mark placed under the letter c [thus, ç], to show that it is to be sounded like s, as in façade.", "ceding": null, - "cedric": null, "ceilidh": null, "ceilidhs": null, "ceiling": "1. (Arch.) (a) The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor. (b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when done. 2. (Naut.) The inner planking of a vessel. Camp ceiling. See under Camp. -- Ceiling boards, Thin narrow boards used to ceil with.", @@ -12043,20 +10273,15 @@ "celery": "A plant of the Parsley family (Apium graveolens), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a salad.", "celesta": null, "celestas": null, - "celeste": null, "celestial": "1. Belonging to the aërial regions, or visible heavens. \"The twelve celestial signs.\" Shak. 2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven; heavenly; divine. \"Celestial spirits.\" \"Celestial light,\" Milton. Celestial city, heaven; the heavenly Jerusalem. Bunyan. -- Celestial empire, China; -- so called from the Chinese words, tien chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by the dynasty appoined by heaven. S. W. Williams.\n\n1. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope. 2. A native of China.", "celestially": "In a celestial manner.", - "celgene": null, - "celia": null, "celibacy": "The state of being unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound by vows not to marry. \"The celibacy of the clergy.\" Hallom.", "celibate": "1. Celibate state; celibacy. [Obs.] He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate of marrige. Jer. Taylor. 2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by vows not to marry.\n\nUnmarried; single; as, a celibate state.", "celibates": "1. Celibate state; celibacy. [Obs.] He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate of marrige. Jer. Taylor. 2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by vows not to marry.\n\nUnmarried; single; as, a celibate state.", - "celina": null, "cell": "1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit. The heroic confessor in his cell. Macaulay. 2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or convent. \"Cells or dependent priories.\" Milman. 3. Any small cavity, or hollow place. 4. (Arch.) (a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof. (b) Same as Cella. 5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery. 6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and organs of animals and plants are composed. Note: All cells have their origin in the primary cell from which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete individual, such being called unicelluter orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some cells, as in those of blood, in the amoeba, and in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting. See Illust. of Bipolar. Air cell. See Air cell. -- Cell development (called also cell genesis, cell formation, and cytogenesis), the multiplication, of cells by a process of reproduction under the following common forms; segmentation or fission, gemmation or budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous multiplication. See Segmentation, Gemmation, etc. -- Cell theory. (Biol.) See Cellular theory, under Cellular.\n\nTo place or inclosed in a cell. \"Celled under ground.\" [R.] Warner.", "cellar": "A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.", "cellars": "A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.", "celled": "Containing a cell or cells.", - "cellini": null, "cellist": null, "cellists": null, "cellmate": null, @@ -12073,11 +10298,6 @@ "cellulitis": "An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that lying immediately beneath the skin.", "celluloid": "A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc. It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles, as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called xylonite.", "cellulose": "Consisting of, or containing, cells.\n\nThe substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n, isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white amorphous mass. See Starch, Granulose, Lignin. Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure cellulose. Goodale. Starch cellulose, the delicate framework which remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by saliva or pepsin. Goodale.", - "celsius": "The Celsius thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the centigrade thermometer or scale.", - "celt": "One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France. [Written also Kelt. The letter C was pronounced hard in Celtic languages.]\n\nA weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.", - "celtic": "Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people, tribes, literature, tongue. [Written also Keltic.]\n\nThe language of the Celts. Note: The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.", - "celtics": "Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people, tribes, literature, tongue. [Written also Keltic.]\n\nThe language of the Celts. Note: The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.", - "celts": "One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France. [Written also Kelt. The letter C was pronounced hard in Celtic languages.]\n\nA weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.", "cement": "1. Any substance used for making bodies adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc. 2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden under water. 3. The powder used in cementation. See Cementation, n.., 2. 4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in friendship, or men in society. \"The cement of our love.\" 5. (Anat.) The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also cementum. Hydraulic cement. See under Hydraulic.\n\n1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement. Bp. Burnet. 2. To unite firmly or closely. Shak. 3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to cement a cellar bottom.\n\nTo become cemented or firmly united; to cohere. S. Sharp.", "cemented": null, "cementer": "A person or thing that cements.", @@ -12092,7 +10312,6 @@ "cenobitic": "Of or pertaining to a cenobite.", "cenotaph": "An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere. Dryden. A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. Macaulay.", "cenotaphs": "An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere. Dryden. A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. Macaulay.", - "cenozoic": "Belonging to the most recent division of geological time, including the tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man. [Written also cænozoic, cainozoic, kainozoic.] See Geology. Note: This word is used by many authors as synonymous with Tertiary, the Quaternary Age not being included.", "censer": "A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned. Note: The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer bearer swings it to quicken the combustion. Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense Which from a golden censer forth doth rise. Spenser.", "censers": "A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned. Note: The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer bearer swings it to quicken the combustion. Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense Which from a golden censer forth doth rise. Spenser.", "censor": "1. (Antiq.) One of two magistrates of Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens, and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and conduct. 2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in some European countries. 3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer. Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude, escape blame from censors who have no inclination to approve. Rambler. 4. A critic; a reviewer. Received with caution by the censors of the press. W. Irving.", @@ -12118,7 +10337,6 @@ "cent": "1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the proportion of ten parts in a hundred. 2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and zinc. 3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game. Nares.", "centaur": "1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous being, represented as half man and half horse. 2. (Astron.) A constellation in the southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.", "centaurs": "1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous being, represented as half man and half horse. 2. (Astron.) A constellation in the southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.", - "centaurus": null, "centavo": null, "centavos": null, "centenarian": "Of or relating to a hundred years. -- n. A person a hundred years old.", @@ -12178,17 +10396,13 @@ "centurion": "A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a century. A centurion of the hand called the Italian band. Acts x. 1.", "centurions": "A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a century. A centurion of the hand called the Italian band. Acts x. 1.", "century": "1. A hundred; as, a century of sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred things. [Archaic.] And on it said a century of prayers. Shak. 2. A period of a hundred years; as, this event took place over two centuries ago. Note: Century, in the reckoning of time, although often used in a general way of any series of hundred consecutive years (as, a century of temperance work), usually signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of a period of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from which it is named; as, the first century (a. d. 1-100 inclusive); the seventh century (a.d. 601-700); the eighteenth century (a.d. 1701-1800). With words or phrases connecting it with some other system of chronology it is used of similar division of those eras; as, the first century of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100). 3. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A division of the Roman people formed according to their property, for the purpose of voting for civil officers. (b) One of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was divided. It was Commanded by a centurion. Century plant (Bot.), the Agave Americana, formerly supposed to flower but once in a century; - - hence the name. See Agave. -- The Magdeburg Centuries, an ecclesiastical history of the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes, compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at Magdeburg.", - "ceo": null, "cephalic": "Of or pertaining to the head. See the Note under Anterior. Cephalic index (Anat.), the ratio of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index. -- Cephalic vein, a large vein running from the back of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used to open it for disorders of the head. Dunglison.\n\nA medicine for headache, or other disorder in the head.", - "cepheid": null, - "cepheus": "(Astron.) A northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in the Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars of the fourth magnitude. See Cassiopeia.", "ceramic": "Of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.", "ceramicist": null, "ceramicists": null, "ceramics": "1. The art of making things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc. 2. pl. Work formed of clay in whole or in part, and baked; as, vases, urns, etc. Knight.", "ceramist": null, "ceramists": null, - "cerberus": "1. (Class. Myth.) A monster, in the shape, of a three-headed dog, guarding the entrance into the infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp. if surly. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of East Indian serpents, allied to the pythons; the bokadam.", "cereal": "Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.\n\nAny grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the plural.", "cereals": "Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.\n\nAny grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the plural.", "cerebellar": "Pertaining to the cerebellum.", @@ -12214,9 +10428,6 @@ "ceremoniously": "In a ceremonious way.", "ceremoniousness": "The quality, or practice, of being ceremonious.", "ceremony": "1. Ar act or series of acts, often of a symbolical character, prescribed by law, custom, or authority, in the conduct of important matters, as in the performance of religious duties, the transaction of affairs of state, and the celebration of notable events; as, the ceremony of crowning a sovereign; the ceremonies observed in consecrating a church; marriage and baptismal ceremonies. According to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof shall ye keep it [the Passover]. Numb. ix. 3 Bring her up the high altar, that she may The sacred ceremonies there partake. Spenser. [The heralds] with awful ceremony And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim A solemn council. Milton. 2. Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal method of performing acts of civility; forms of civility prescribed by custom or authority. Ceremony was but devised at first To set a gloss on . . . hollow welcomes . . . But where there is true friendship there needs none. Shak. Al ceremonies are in themselves very silly things; but yet a man of the world should know them. Chesterfield. 3. A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown, scepter, garland, etc. [Obs.] Disrobe the images, If you find them decked with ceremonies. . . . Let no images Be hung with Cæsar's trophies. Shak. 4. A sign or prodigy; a portent. [Obs.] Cæsar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet, now they fright me. Shak. Master of ceremonies, an officer who determines the forms to be observed, or superintends their observance, on a public occasion. -- Not to stand on ceremony, not to be ceremonious; to be familiar, outspoken, or bold.", - "cerenkov": null, - "ceres": "1. (Class. Myth.) The daughter of Saturn and Ops or Rhea, the goddess of corn and tillage. 2. (Actron.) The first discovered asteroid.", - "cerf": null, "cerise": "Cherry-colored; a light bright red; --- applied to textile fabrics, especially silk.", "cerium": "A rare metallic element, occurring in the minerals cerite, allanite, monazite, etc. Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It tarnishes readily in the air.", "cermet": null, @@ -12241,11 +10452,9 @@ "certitudes": "Freedom from doubt; assurance; certainty. J. H. Newman.", "certs": null, "cerulean": "Sky-colored; blue; azure. Cowper. Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall A flower from its cerulean wall. Bryant.", - "cervantes": null, "cervical": "Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the cervical vertebræ.", "cervices": null, "cervix": "The neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the womb. See Illust. of Bird.", - "cesar": null, "cesarean": "Same as Cæsarean, Cæsarian.", "cesareans": "Same as Cæsarean, Cæsarian.", "cesium": null, @@ -12253,7 +10462,6 @@ "cessations": "A ceasing of discontinuance, as of action, whether termporary or final; a stop; as, a cessation of the war. The temporary cessation of the papal iniquities. Motley. The day was yearly observed for a festival by cessation from labor. Sir J. Hayward. Cessation of arms (Mil.), an armistice, or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes. Syn. -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance; intermission; interval; respite; interruption; recess; remission.", "cession": "1. A yielding to physical force. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. Concession; compliance. [Obs.] 3. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to another person; the act of ceding. A cession of the island of New Orleans. Bancroft. 4. (Eccl. Law) The giving up or vacating a benefice by accepting another without a proper dispensation. 5. (Civil Law) The voluntary surrender of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid imprisonment.", "cessions": "1. A yielding to physical force. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. Concession; compliance. [Obs.] 3. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to another person; the act of ceding. A cession of the island of New Orleans. Bancroft. 4. (Eccl. Law) The giving up or vacating a benefice by accepting another without a proper dispensation. 5. (Civil Law) The voluntary surrender of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid imprisonment.", - "cessna": null, "cesspit": null, "cesspits": null, "cesspool": "A cistern in the course, or the termination, of a drain, to collect sedimentary or superfluous matter; a privy vault; any receptace of filth. [Written also sesspool.]", @@ -12261,22 +10469,11 @@ "cetacean": "One of the Cetacea.", "cetaceans": "One of the Cetacea.", "ceteris": null, - "cetus": null, - "ceylon": null, - "ceylonese": "Of or pertaining to Ceylon. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Ceylon. C.G.S. C.G.S. An abbreviation for Centimeter, Gram, Second. -- applied to a system of units much empoyed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and the second as the unit of time. C. G. S. C. G. S. An abbreviation for Centimeter, Gram, Second. -- applied to a system of units much employed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and the second as the unit of time. C. G. T. C. G. T. An abbreviation for Confédération Générale du Travail (the French syndicalist labor union).", - "cezanne": null, "cf": null, - "cfc": null, - "cfo": null, "cg": null, - "cgi": null, "ch": null, - "chablis": "A white wine made near Chablis, a town in France.", "chad": "See Shad. [Obs.]", - "chadian": null, - "chadians": null, "chads": "See Shad. [Obs.]", - "chadwick": null, "chafe": "1. To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm. To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin. Spenser. 2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate. Her intercession chafed him. Shak. 3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to chafe a cable. Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its being chafed. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.\n\nTo rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction. Made its great boughs chafe together. Longfellow. The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores. Shak. 2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes. 3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated. Spenser. He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter. Shak.\n\n1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Injury or wear caused by friction. 3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage. The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to Whitehall. Camden.", "chafed": null, "chafes": "1. To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm. To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin. Spenser. 2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate. Her intercession chafed him. Shak. 3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to chafe a cable. Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its being chafed. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.\n\nTo rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction. Made its great boughs chafe together. Longfellow. The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores. Shak. 2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes. 3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated. Spenser. He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter. Shak.\n\n1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Injury or wear caused by friction. 3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage. The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to Whitehall. Camden.", @@ -12287,7 +10484,6 @@ "chaffing": "The use of light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery; banter.", "chaffs": "1. The glumes or husks of grains and grasses separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc. So take the corn and leave the chaff behind. Dryden. Old birds are not caught with caff. Old Proverb. 2. Anything of a comparatively light and worthless character; the refuse part of anything. The chaff and ruin of the times. Shak. 3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle. By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it. In this way chaff is very useful. Ywatt. 4. Light jesting talk; banter; raillery. 5. (Bot.) The scales or bracts on the receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many Compositæ, as the sunflower. Gray. Chaff cutter, a machine for cutting, up straw, etc., into \"chaff\" for the use of cattle.\n\nTo use light, idle lagnguage by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.\n\nTo make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz. Morgan saw that his master was chaffing him. Thackeray. A dozen honest fellows . . . chaffed each other about their sweethearts. C. Kingsley.", "chafing": "The act of rubbing, or wearing by friction; making by rubbing. Chafing dish, a dish or vessel for cooking on the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp, or by hot water; a portable grate for coals. -- Chafing gear (Naut.), any material used to protect sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to friction.", - "chagall": null, "chagrin": "Vexation; mortification. I must own that I felt rather vexation and chagrin than hope and satisfaction. Richard Porson. Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin. Pope. Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness; disgust; disquiet. Chagrin, Vexation, Mortification. These words agree in the general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances. Vexation is a feeling of disquietude or irritating uneasiness from numerous causes, such as losses, disappointments, etc. Mortification is a stronger word, and denotes that keen sense of pain which results fron wounded pride or humiliating occurrences. Chagrin is literally the cutting pain produced by the friction of Shagreen leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting in its lower degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher degrees the keenest sense of mortification. \"Vexation arises chiefly fron our wishes and views being crossed: mortification, from our self-importance being hurt; chagrin, from a mixture of the two.\" Crabb.\n\nTo excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was not a little chagrined.\n\nTo be vexed or annoyed. Fielding.\n\nChagrined. Dryden.", "chagrined": null, "chagrining": null, @@ -12316,11 +10512,7 @@ "chairwomen": null, "chaise": "1. A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one horse. 2. Loosely, a carriage in general. Cowper.", "chaises": "1. A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one horse. 2. Loosely, a carriage in general. Cowper.", - "chaitanya": null, - "chaitin": null, "chalcedony": "A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax. [Written also calcedony.] Note: When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or figures, or arranged in differently colored layers, it is called agate; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into cameos, it is called onyx. Chrysoprase is green chalcedony; carnelian, a flesh red, and sard, a brownish red variety.", - "chaldea": null, - "chaldean": "Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- n. (a) A native or inhabitant of Chaldea. (b) A learned man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations, because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by the Chaldeans. (c) Nestorian.", "chalet": "1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland. Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen. Wordsworth. 2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss cottages.", "chalets": "1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland. Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen. Wordsworth. 2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss cottages.", "chalice": "A cup or bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.", @@ -12342,7 +10534,6 @@ "challenges": "1. An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons. A challenge to controversy. Goldsmith. 2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign. 3. A claim or demand. [Obs.] There must be no challenge of superiority. Collier. 4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game. 5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. Blackstone 6. An exception to a person as not legally qualifed to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [U. S.] Challenge to the array (Law), an exception to the whole panel. -- Challenge to the favor, the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to decide upon it. -- Challenge to the polls, an exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors returned. -- Peremptory challenge, a privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States) without assigning any cause. -- Principal challenge, that which the law allows to be sufficient if found to be true.\n\n1. To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy. I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by right of fatherhood. Locke. 2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal combat. By this I challenge him to single fight. Shak. 3. To claim as due; to demand as a right. Challenge better terms. Addison. 4. To censure; to blame. [Obs.] He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them. Holland. 5. (Mil.) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the sentinel challenged us, with \"Who comes there\" 6. To take exception to; question; as, to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation. 7. (Law) To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or member of a court. 8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the ground that the person in not qualifed as a voter. [U. S.] To challenge to the array, favor, polls. See under Challenge, n.\n\nTo assert a right; to claim a place. Where nature doth with merit challenge. Shak.", "challenging": null, "challis": "A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for ladies' dresses. [Written also chally.]", - "chalmers": null, "chamber": "1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four chambers. 2. pl. Apartments in a lodging house. \"A bachelor's life in chambers.\" Thackeray. 3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence chamber; senate chamber. 4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or association; as, the Chamber of Deputies; the Chamber of Commerce. 5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the eye. 6. pl. (Law.) A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a judge transacts such official business as may be done out of court. 7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.] 8. (Mil.) (a) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in breech-loading guns. (b) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder. (c) A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades. Air chamber. See Air chamber, in the Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce, a board or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city. -- Chamber council, a secret council. Shak. -- Chamber counsel or counselor, a counselor who gives his opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in court. -- Chamber fellow, a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber. -- Chamber lye, urine. Shak. -- Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music adapted to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or chuch. -- Chamber practice (Law.), the practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court. -- To sit at chambers, to do business in chambers, as a judge.\n\n1. To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers. 2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]\n\n1. To shut up, as inn a chamber. Shak. 2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.", "chambered": "Having a chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a chambered gun.", "chamberlain": "1. An officer or servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers. 2. An upper servant of an inn. [Obs.] 3. An officer having the direction and management of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in Europe, one of the high officers of a court. 4. A treasurer or receiver of public money; as, the chamberlain of London, of North Wales, etc. The lord chamberlain of England, an officer of the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation, and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under him are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office is distinct from that of the lord chamberlain of the Household, whose functions relate to the royal housekeeping.", @@ -12350,7 +10541,6 @@ "chambermaid": "1. A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds, sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc. 2. A lady's maid. [Obs.] Johnson.", "chambermaids": "1. A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds, sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc. 2. A lady's maid. [Obs.] Johnson.", "chambers": "1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four chambers. 2. pl. Apartments in a lodging house. \"A bachelor's life in chambers.\" Thackeray. 3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence chamber; senate chamber. 4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or association; as, the Chamber of Deputies; the Chamber of Commerce. 5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the eye. 6. pl. (Law.) A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a judge transacts such official business as may be done out of court. 7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.] 8. (Mil.) (a) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in breech-loading guns. (b) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder. (c) A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades. Air chamber. See Air chamber, in the Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce, a board or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city. -- Chamber council, a secret council. Shak. -- Chamber counsel or counselor, a counselor who gives his opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in court. -- Chamber fellow, a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber. -- Chamber lye, urine. Shak. -- Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music adapted to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or chuch. -- Chamber practice (Law.), the practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court. -- To sit at chambers, to do business in chambers, as a judge.\n\n1. To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers. 2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]\n\n1. To shut up, as inn a chamber. Shak. 2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.", - "chambersburg": null, "chambray": "A gingham woven in plain colors with linen finish.", "chameleon": "A lizardlike reptile of the genus Chamæleo, of several species, found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much compressed laterally, giving it a high back. Note: Its color changes more or less with the color of the objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool, dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the light, it changes to brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of various shades, and more or less mottled in arrangment. The American chameleons belong to Anolis and allied genera of the family Iguanidæ. They are more slender in form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of changing their colors. Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the compound called potassium permanganate, a dark violet, crystalline substance, KMnO4, which in formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from green to blue, purple, red, etc. See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.", "chameleons": "A lizardlike reptile of the genus Chamæleo, of several species, found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much compressed laterally, giving it a high back. Note: Its color changes more or less with the color of the objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool, dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the light, it changes to brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of various shades, and more or less mottled in arrangment. The American chameleons belong to Anolis and allied genera of the family Iguanidæ. They are more slender in form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of changing their colors. Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the compound called potassium permanganate, a dark violet, crystalline substance, KMnO4, which in formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from green to blue, purple, red, etc. See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.", @@ -12360,7 +10550,6 @@ "champ": "1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as to be heard. Foamed and champed the golden bit. Dryden. 2. To bite into small pieces; to crunch. Steele.\n\nTo bite or chew impatiently. They began . . . irefully to champ upon the bit. Hooker.\n\nThe field or ground on which carving appears in relief.", "champagne": "A light wine, of several kinds, originally made in the province of Champagne, in France. Note: Champagne properly includes several kinds not only of sparkling but off still wines; but in America the term is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.", "champagnes": "A light wine, of several kinds, originally made in the province of Champagne, in France. Note: Champagne properly includes several kinds not only of sparkling but off still wines; but in America the term is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.", - "champaign": "A flat, open country. Fair champaign, with less rivers interveined. Milton. Through Apline vale or champaign wide. Wordsworth.\n\nFlat; open; level. A wide, champaign country, filled with herds. Addison.", "champed": null, "champers": "One who champs, or bites.", "champing": null, @@ -12370,10 +10559,7 @@ "champions": "1. One who engages in any contest; esp. one who in ancient times contended in single combat in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who acts or speaks in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a hero. A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak. Champions of law and liberty. Fisher Ames. 2. One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athetics or game of skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; as, the champion of England. Note: Champion is used attributively in the sense of surpassing all competitors; overmastering; as, champion pugilist; champion chess player. Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior; defender; protector.", "championship": "State of being champion; leadership; supremancy.", "championships": "State of being champion; leadership; supremancy.", - "champlain": null, - "champollion": null, "champs": "1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as to be heard. Foamed and champed the golden bit. Dryden. 2. To bite into small pieces; to crunch. Steele.\n\nTo bite or chew impatiently. They began . . . irefully to champ upon the bit. Hooker.\n\nThe field or ground on which carving appears in relief.", - "chan": null, "chance": "1. A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity other than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this sense often personifed. It is strictly and philosophically true in nature and reason that there is no such thing as chance or accident; it being evident that these words do not signify anything really existing, anything that is truly an agent or the cause of any event; but they signify merely men's ignorance of the real and immediate cause. Samuel Clark. Any society into which chance might throw him. Macaulay. That power Which erring men call Chance. Milton. 2. The operation or activity of such agent. By chance a priest came down that way. Luke x. 31. 3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something that befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces; the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated upon; an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident; fortuity; casualty. It was a chance that happened to us. 1 Sam. vi. 9. The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts, And wins (O shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts. Pope. I spake of most disastrous chance. Shak. 4. A possibity; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance result; as, a chance to escape; a chance for life; the chances are all against him. So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune. That I would get my life on any chance, To mend it, or be rid on't Shak. 5. (Math.) Probability. Note: The mathematical expression, of a chance is the ratio of frequency with which an event happens in the long run. If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in b ways, and each of these a + b ways is equally likely, the chance, or probability, that the event will happen is measured by the fraction a/(a + b), and the chance, or probability, that it will fail is measured by b/(a + b). Chance comer, one who, comes unexpectedly. -- The last chance, the sole remaining ground of hope. -- The main chance, the chief opportunity; that upon which reliance is had, esp. self-interest. -- Theory of chances, Doctrine of chances (Math.), that branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice in given positions. -- To mind one's chances, to take advantage of every circumstance; to seize every opportunity.\n\nTo happen, come, or arrive, without design or expectation. \"Things that chance daily.\" Robynson (More's Utopia). If a bird's nest chance to be before thee. Deut. xxii. 6. I chanced on this letter. Shak. Note: Often used impersonally; as, how chances it How chance, thou art returned so soon Shak.\n\n1. To take the chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with it as object. Come what will, I will chance it. W. D. Howells. 2. To befall; to happen to. [Obs.] W. Lambarde.\n\nHappening by chance; casual.\n\nBy chance; perchance. Gray.", "chanced": null, "chancel": "(a) That part of a church, reserved for the use of the clergy, where the altar, or communion table, is placed. Hence, in modern use; (b) All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line of the transept farthest from the main front. Chancel aisle (Arch.), the aisle which passes on either side of or around the chancel. -- Chancel arch (Arch.), the arch which spans the main opening, leading to the chancel -- Chancel casement, the principal window in a chancel. Tennyson. -- Chancel table, the communion table.", @@ -12382,7 +10568,6 @@ "chancellor": "A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with equity jurisdiction. Note: The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state, keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is in some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire, the chancellor is the president of the federal council and the head of the imperial administration. In the United States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate States. Blackstone. Wharton. Chancellor of a bishop, or of a diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese, and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law. -- Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special reference to the cultivation of theology. -- Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held. This is a special jurisdiction. -- Chancellor of a university, the chief officer of a collegiate body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it devolving on the vice chancellor. -- Chancellor of the exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon whom devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the highest finance minister of the government. -- Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other military orders), an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the seal of their order. -- Lord high chancellor of England, the presiding judge in the court of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay person of the state after the blood royal. He is created chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.", "chancellors": "A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with equity jurisdiction. Note: The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state, keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is in some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire, the chancellor is the president of the federal council and the head of the imperial administration. In the United States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate States. Blackstone. Wharton. Chancellor of a bishop, or of a diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese, and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law. -- Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special reference to the cultivation of theology. -- Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held. This is a special jurisdiction. -- Chancellor of a university, the chief officer of a collegiate body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it devolving on the vice chancellor. -- Chancellor of the exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon whom devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the highest finance minister of the government. -- Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other military orders), an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the seal of their order. -- Lord high chancellor of England, the presiding judge in the court of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay person of the state after the blood royal. He is created chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.", "chancellorship": "The office of a chancellor; the time during which one is chancellor.", - "chancellorsville": null, "chancels": "(a) That part of a church, reserved for the use of the clergy, where the altar, or communion table, is placed. Hence, in modern use; (b) All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line of the transept farthest from the main front. Chancel aisle (Arch.), the aisle which passes on either side of or around the chancel. -- Chancel arch (Arch.), the arch which spans the main opening, leading to the chancel -- Chancel casement, the principal window in a chancel. Tennyson. -- Chancel table, the communion table.", "chanceries": null, "chancery": "1. In England, formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the Parliament, exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity; but under the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery division of the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in equity. 2. In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity; proceeding in equity. Note: A court of chancery, so far as it is a court of equity, in the English and American sense, may be generally, if not precisely, described as one having jurisdiction in cases of rights, recognized and protected by the municipal jurisprudence, where a plain, adequate, and complete remedy can not be had in the courts of common law. In some of the American States, jurisdiction at law and in equity centers in the same tribunal. The courts of the United States also have jurisdiction both at law and in equity, and in all such cases they exercise their jurisdiction, as courts of law, or as courts of equity, as the subject of adjudication may require. In others of the American States, the courts that administer equity are distinct tribunals, having their appropriate judicial officers, and it is to the latter that the appellation courts of chancery is usually applied; but, in American law, the terms equity and court of equity are more frequently employed than the corresponding terms chancery and court of chancery. Burrill. Inns of chancery. See under Inn. -- To get (or to hold) In chancery (Boxing), to get the head of an antagonist under one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the other fist at will; hence, to have wholly in One's power. The allusion is to the condition of a person involved in the chancery court, where he was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his estate.", @@ -12396,17 +10581,8 @@ "chancy": null, "chandelier": "1. A candlestick, lamp, stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp., one hanging from the ceiling. 2. (Fort.) A movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover pioneers. [Obs.]", "chandeliers": "1. A candlestick, lamp, stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp., one hanging from the ceiling. 2. (Fort.) A movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover pioneers. [Obs.]", - "chandigarh": null, "chandler": "1. A maker or seller of candles. The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne, With tallow spots thy coat. Gay. 2. A dealer in other commodities, which are indicated by a word prefixed; as, ship chandler, corn chandler.", "chandlers": "1. A maker or seller of candles. The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne, With tallow spots thy coat. Gay. 2. A dealer in other commodities, which are indicated by a word prefixed; as, ship chandler, corn chandler.", - "chandon": null, - "chandra": null, - "chandragupta": null, - "chandrasekhar": null, - "chanel": null, - "chaney": null, - "chang": null, - "changchun": null, "change": "1. To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to another; as, to change the position, character, or appearance of a thing; to change the countenance. Therefore will I change their glory into shame. Hosea. iv. 7. 2. To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving up for something else; as, to change the clothes; to change one's occupation; to change one's intention. They that do change old love for new, Pray gods, they change for worse! Peele. 3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; -- followed by with; as, to change place, or hats, or money, with another. Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any interest, change thy fortune and condition. Jer. Taylor. 4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller denominations of money (technically called change) for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank bill. He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change it. Goldsmith. To change a horse, or To change hand (Man.), to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to the left. -- To change hands, to change owners. -- To change one's tune, to become less confident or boastful. [Colloq.] -- To change step, to take a break in the regular succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then stepping off with the foot which is in advance. Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate; diversify; shift; veer; turn. See Alter.\n\n1. To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for the better. For I am Lord, I change not. Mal. iii. 6. 2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the moon changes to-morrow night.\n\n1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or form to another; as, a change of countenance; a change of habits or principles. Apprehensions of a change of dynasty. Hallam. All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job xiv. 14. 2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; as, a change of seasons. Our fathers did for change to France repair. Dryden. The ringing grooves of change. Tennyson. 3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a change of the moon. 4. Alteration in the order of a series; permutation. 5. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another. Thirty change (R.V. changes) of garments. Judg. xiv. 12. 6. Small money; the money by means of which the larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings; hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or note exceeding the sum due. 7. Etym: [See Exchange.] A place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq. for Exchange.] 8. A public house; an alehouse. [Scot.] They call an alehouse a change. Burt. 9. (Mus.) Any order in which a number of bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale. Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing. Holder. Change of life, the period in the life of a woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease, usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age. -- Change ringing, the continual production, without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above. -- Change wheel (Mech.), one of a set of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc. -- To ring the changes on, to present the same facts or arguments in variety of ways. Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation; revolution; reverse.", "changeability": "Changeableness.", "changeable": "1. Capable of change; subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant; as, a changeable humor. 2. Appearing different, as in color, in different lights, or under different circumstances; as, changeable silk. Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful; vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.", @@ -12423,7 +10599,6 @@ "changers": "1. One who changes or alters the form of anything. 2. One who deals in or changes money. John ii. 14. 3. One apt to change; an inconstant person.", "changes": "1. To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to another; as, to change the position, character, or appearance of a thing; to change the countenance. Therefore will I change their glory into shame. Hosea. iv. 7. 2. To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving up for something else; as, to change the clothes; to change one's occupation; to change one's intention. They that do change old love for new, Pray gods, they change for worse! Peele. 3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; -- followed by with; as, to change place, or hats, or money, with another. Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any interest, change thy fortune and condition. Jer. Taylor. 4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller denominations of money (technically called change) for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank bill. He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change it. Goldsmith. To change a horse, or To change hand (Man.), to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to the left. -- To change hands, to change owners. -- To change one's tune, to become less confident or boastful. [Colloq.] -- To change step, to take a break in the regular succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then stepping off with the foot which is in advance. Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate; diversify; shift; veer; turn. See Alter.\n\n1. To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for the better. For I am Lord, I change not. Mal. iii. 6. 2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the moon changes to-morrow night.\n\n1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or form to another; as, a change of countenance; a change of habits or principles. Apprehensions of a change of dynasty. Hallam. All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job xiv. 14. 2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; as, a change of seasons. Our fathers did for change to France repair. Dryden. The ringing grooves of change. Tennyson. 3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a change of the moon. 4. Alteration in the order of a series; permutation. 5. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another. Thirty change (R.V. changes) of garments. Judg. xiv. 12. 6. Small money; the money by means of which the larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings; hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or note exceeding the sum due. 7. Etym: [See Exchange.] A place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq. for Exchange.] 8. A public house; an alehouse. [Scot.] They call an alehouse a change. Burt. 9. (Mus.) Any order in which a number of bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale. Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing. Holder. Change of life, the period in the life of a woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease, usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age. -- Change ringing, the continual production, without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above. -- Change wheel (Mech.), one of a set of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc. -- To ring the changes on, to present the same facts or arguments in variety of ways. Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation; revolution; reverse.", "changing": null, - "changsha": null, "channel": "1. The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run. 2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and safest passage for vessels. 3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; as, the British Channel. 4. That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels. The veins are converging channels. Dalton. At best, he is but a channel to convey to the National assembly such matter as may import that body to know. Burke. 5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column. 6. pl. Etym: [Cf. Chain wales.] (Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks. Channel bar, Channel iron (Arch.), an iron bar or beam having a section resembling a flat gutter or channel. -- Channel bill (Zoöl.), a very large Australian cucko (Scythrops Novæhollandiæ. -- Channel goose. (Zoöl.) See Gannet.\n\n1. To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove. No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak. 2. To course through or over, as in a channel. Cowper.", "channeled": null, "channeling": "1. The act or process of forming a channel or channels. 2. A channel or a system of channels; a groove.", @@ -12445,7 +10620,6 @@ "chanteys": "A sailor's song. May we lift a deep-sea chantey such as seamen use at sea Kipling.", "chanticleer": "A cock, so called from the clearness or loundness of his voice in crowing.", "chanticleers": "A cock, so called from the clearness or loundness of his voice in crowing.", - "chantilly": null, "chanting": "Singing, esp. as a chant is sung. Chanting falcon (Zoöl.), an African falcon (Melierax canorus or musicus). The male has the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his mate, while she is incubating.", "chants": "1. To utter with a melodious voice; to sing. The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet music. Spenser. 2. To celebrate in song. The poets chant in the theaters. Bramhall. 3. (Mus.) To sing or recite after the manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.\n\n1. To make melody with the voice; to sing. \"Chant to the sound of the viol.\" Amos vi. 5. 2. (Mus.) To sing, as in reciting a chant. To chant (or chaunt) horses, to sing their praise; to overpraise; to cheat in selling. See Chaunter. Thackeray.\n\n1. Song; melody. 2. (Mus.) A short and simple melody, divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of choral music. 3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting. 4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone. [R.] His strange face, his strange chant. Macaulay. Ambrosian chant, See under Ambrosian. Chant royal Etym: [F.], in old French poetry, a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a common refrain. -- Gregorian chant. See under Gregorian.", "chaos": "1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [Archaic] Between us and there is fixed a great chaos. Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans. ). 2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of matter before the creation of distinct and order forms. 3. Any confused or disordered collection or state of things; a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.", @@ -12475,10 +10649,6 @@ "chaplains": "1. An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs religious service in a chapel. 2. A clergyman who is officially atteched to the army or navy, to some public institution, or to a family or court, for the purpose of performing divine service. 3. Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; as, a chaplain of a Masonic or a temperance lodge.", "chaplet": "1. A garland or wreath to be worn on the head. 2. A string of beads, or part of a string, used by Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty beads. Her chaplet of beads and her missal. Longfellow. 3. (Arch.) A small molding, carved into beads, pearls, olives, etc. 4. (Man.) A chapelet. See Chapelet, 1. 5. (Founding) A bent piece of sheet iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a core in place in the mold. 6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. Johnson.\n\nA small chapel or shrine.\n\nTo adorn with a chaplet or with flowers. R. Browning.", "chaplets": "1. A garland or wreath to be worn on the head. 2. A string of beads, or part of a string, used by Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty beads. Her chaplet of beads and her missal. Longfellow. 3. (Arch.) A small molding, carved into beads, pearls, olives, etc. 4. (Man.) A chapelet. See Chapelet, 1. 5. (Founding) A bent piece of sheet iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a core in place in the mold. 6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. Johnson.\n\nA small chapel or shrine.\n\nTo adorn with a chaplet or with flowers. R. Browning.", - "chaplin": null, - "chaplinesque": null, - "chapman": "1. One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a seller. [Obs.] The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought not, as a drug to be obtruded on those chapmen who are unwilling to buy it. T. Fuller. 2. A peddler; a hawker.", - "chappaquiddick": null, "chapped": null, "chappies": null, "chapping": null, @@ -12486,7 +10656,6 @@ "chaps": "The jaws, or the fleshy parts about them. See Chap. \"Open your chaps again.\" Shak.", "chapter": "1. A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty chapters. 2. (Eccl.) (a) An assembly of monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen connected with a cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a diocese, usually presided over by the dean. (b) A community of canons or canonesses. (c) A bishop's council. (d) A business meeting of any religious community. 3. An organized branch of some society or fraternity as of the Freemasons. Robertson. 4. A meeting of certain organized societies or orders. 5. A chapter house. [R.] Burrill. 6. A decretal epistle. Ayliffe. 7. A location or compartment. In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom Shak. Chapter head, or Chapter heading, that which stands at the head of a chapter, as a title. -- Chapter house, a house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral chapter. -- The chapter of accidents, chance. Marryat.\n\n1. To divide into chapters, as a book. Fuller. 2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to demand chapter and verse. [Obs.] Dryden.", "chapters": "1. A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty chapters. 2. (Eccl.) (a) An assembly of monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen connected with a cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a diocese, usually presided over by the dean. (b) A community of canons or canonesses. (c) A bishop's council. (d) A business meeting of any religious community. 3. An organized branch of some society or fraternity as of the Freemasons. Robertson. 4. A meeting of certain organized societies or orders. 5. A chapter house. [R.] Burrill. 6. A decretal epistle. Ayliffe. 7. A location or compartment. In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom Shak. Chapter head, or Chapter heading, that which stands at the head of a chapter, as a title. -- Chapter house, a house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral chapter. -- The chapter of accidents, chance. Marryat.\n\n1. To divide into chapters, as a book. Fuller. 2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to demand chapter and verse. [Obs.] Dryden.", - "chapultepec": null, "char": "One of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus, allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is sometimes called a char.\n\nA car; a chariot. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nWork done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore. [Written also chare.] [Eng.] When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave To play till doomsday. Shak.\n\n1. To perform; to do; to finish. [Obs.] Nores. Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she had hanged her husband. Old Proverb. 2. To work or hew, as stone. Oxf. Gloss.\n\nTo work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant; to do small jobs.\n\n1. To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce to charcoal; to burn to a cinder. 2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to char wood.", "charabanc": null, "charabancs": null, @@ -12505,7 +10674,6 @@ "characters": "1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or symbol. It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world but one sort of character for each letter to express it to the eye. Holder. 2. Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular person or people; as, an inscription in the Runic character. You know the character to be your brother's Shak. 3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities, by which a person or a thing is distinguished from others; the stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a person or thing really is; nature; disposition. The character or that dominion. Milton. Know well each Ancient's proper character; His fable, subject, scope in every page; Religion, Country, genius of his Age. Pope. A man of . . . thoroughly subservient character. Motley. 4. Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; as, he has a great deal of character. 5. Moral quality; the principles and motives that control the life; as, a man of character; his character saves him from suspicion. 6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; as, in the miserable character of a slave; in his character as a magistrate; her character as a daughter. 7. The estimate, individual or general, put upon a person or thing; reputation; as, a man's character for truth and veracity; to give one a bad character. This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so bad a character of it. Addison. 8. A written statement as to behavior, competency, etc., given to a servant. [Colloq.] 9. A unique or extraordinary individuality; a person characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who illustrates certain phases of character; as, Randolph was a character; Cæsar is a great historical character. 10. One of the persons of a drama or novel. Note: \"It would be well if character and reputation were used distinctively. In truth, character is what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing; reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary transgression; reputation may last through numerous transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an unfounded, accusation or aspersion.\" Abbott.\n\n1. To engrave; to inscribe. [R.] These trees shall be my books. And in their barks my thoughts I 'll character. Shak. 2. To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to describe; to characterize. [R.] Mitford.", "charade": "A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or representations.", "charades": "A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or representations.", - "charbray": null, "charbroil": null, "charbroiled": null, "charbroiling": null, @@ -12544,29 +10712,16 @@ "charlatanism": "Charlatanry.", "charlatanry": "Undue pretensions to skill; quackery; wheedling; empiricism. CHARLES'S WAIN Charles's Wain. Etym: [Charles + wain; cf. AS. Carles w (for wægn), Sw. karlvagnen, Dan. karlsvogn. See Churl, and Wain.] (Astron.) The group of seven stars, commonly called the Dipper, in the constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear. See Ursa major, under Ursa. Note: The name is sometimes also applied to the Constellation.", "charlatans": "One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a mountebank.", - "charlemagne": null, - "charlene": null, - "charles": null, - "charleston": null, - "charlestons": null, - "charley": null, "charlie": "1. A familiar nickname or substitute for Charles. 2. A night watchman; -- an old name. 3. A short, pointed beard, like that worn by Charles I. 4. As a proper name, a fox; -- so called in fables and familiar literature.", "charlies": "1. A familiar nickname or substitute for Charles. 2. A night watchman; -- an old name. 3. A short, pointed beard, like that worn by Charles I. 4. As a proper name, a fox; -- so called in fables and familiar literature.", - "charlotte": "A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked. Charlotte Russe (, or Charlotte à la russe Etym: [F., lit., Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge cake.", - "charlottesville": null, - "charlottetown": null, "charm": "1. A melody; a song. [Obs.] With charm of earliest birds. Milton. Free liberty to chant our charms at will. Spenser. 2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in the practice of magic; a magical combination of words, characters, etc.; an incantation. My high charms work. Shak. 3. That which exerts an irresistible power to please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring quality. Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. Pope. The charm of beauty's powerful glance. Milton. 4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune. 5. Any small decorative object worn on the person, as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of charms are often worn at the watch chain. Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment; fascination; attraction.\n\n1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. & R.] Here we our slender pipes may safely charm. Spenser. 2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence; to affect by magic. No witchcraft charm thee! Shak. 3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe. Music the fiercest grief can charm. Pope. 4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly; to enchant; to fascinate. They, on their mirth and dance Intent, with jocund music charm his ear. Milton. 5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by, spells, charms, or supernatural influences; as, a charmed life. I, in my own woe charmed, Could not find death. Shak. Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch; allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.\n\n1. To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of charms. The voice of charmers, charming never so wisely. Ps. lviii. 5. 2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to please greatly; to be fascinating. 3. To make a musical sound. [Obs.] Milton.", - "charmaine": null, "charmed": null, "charmer": "1. One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the power of enchantment; a magician. Deut. xviii. 11. 2. One who delights and attracts the affections.", "charmers": "1. One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the power of enchantment; a magician. Deut. xviii. 11. 2. One who delights and attracts the affections.", - "charmin": null, "charming": "Pleasing the mind or senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating; attractive. How charming is divine philosophy. Milton. Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing; alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely; amiable; pleasing; winning. -- Charm\"ing*ly, adv. -- Charm\"ing*ness, n.", "charmingly": null, "charmless": "Destitute of charms. Swift.", "charms": "1. A melody; a song. [Obs.] With charm of earliest birds. Milton. Free liberty to chant our charms at will. Spenser. 2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in the practice of magic; a magical combination of words, characters, etc.; an incantation. My high charms work. Shak. 3. That which exerts an irresistible power to please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring quality. Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. Pope. The charm of beauty's powerful glance. Milton. 4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune. 5. Any small decorative object worn on the person, as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of charms are often worn at the watch chain. Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment; fascination; attraction.\n\n1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. & R.] Here we our slender pipes may safely charm. Spenser. 2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence; to affect by magic. No witchcraft charm thee! Shak. 3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe. Music the fiercest grief can charm. Pope. 4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly; to enchant; to fascinate. They, on their mirth and dance Intent, with jocund music charm his ear. Milton. 5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by, spells, charms, or supernatural influences; as, a charmed life. I, in my own woe charmed, Could not find death. Shak. Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch; allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.\n\n1. To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of charms. The voice of charmers, charming never so wisely. Ps. lviii. 5. 2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to please greatly; to be fascinating. 3. To make a musical sound. [Obs.] Milton.", - "charolais": null, - "charon": "The son of Erebus and Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the Styx, a river of the infernal regions. Shak.", "charred": null, "charring": null, "chars": "One of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus, allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is sometimes called a char.\n\nA car; a chariot. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nWork done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore. [Written also chare.] [Eng.] When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave To play till doomsday. Shak.\n\n1. To perform; to do; to finish. [Obs.] Nores. Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she had hanged her husband. Old Proverb. 2. To work or hew, as stone. Oxf. Gloss.\n\nTo work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant; to do small jobs.\n\n1. To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce to charcoal; to burn to a cinder. 2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to char wood.", @@ -12579,21 +10734,17 @@ "chartering": null, "charters": "1. A written evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance. [Archaic] 2. An instrument in writing, from the sovereign power of a state or country, executed in due form, bestowing rights, franchises, or privileges. The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility somewhat suspicious, signed and sealed the charter which was required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the \"Great Charter,\" either granted or secured very important liberties and privileges to every order of men in the kingdom. Hume. 3. An act of a legislative body creating a municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating a lodge and defining its powers. 4. A special privilege, immunity, or exemption. My mother, Who has a charter to extol her blood, When she does praise me, grieves me. Shak. 5. (Com.) The letting or hiring a vessel by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby a vessel is hired or let; as, a ship is offered for sale or charter. See Charter party, below. Charter land (O. Eng. Law), land held by charter, or in socage; bookland. -- Charter member, one of the original members of a society or corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the first proceedings under it. -- Charter party Etym: [F. chartre partie, or charte partie, a divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of contract in two, and giving one part to each of the contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let the entire vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to another person, to be used by the latter in transportation for his own account, either under their charge or his. -- People's Charter (Eng. Hist.), the document which embodied the demands made by the Chartists, so called, upon the English government in 1838.\n\n1. To establish by charter. 2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See Charter party, under Charter, n.", "charting": null, - "chartism": "The principles of a political party in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts, and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the People's Charter.", - "chartres": null, "chartreuse": "1. A Carthusian monastery; esp. La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of the order, in the mountains near Grenoble, France. 2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic herbs; -- made at La Grande Chartreuse.", "charts": "1. A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp. when the information is arranged in tabular form; as, an historical chart. 2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for the use of seamen; as, the United States Coast Survey charts; the English Admiralty charts. 3. A written deed; a charter. Globular chart, a chart constructed on a globular projection. See under Globular. -- Heliographic chart, a map of the sun with its spots. -- Mercator's chart, a chart constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See Projection. -- Plane chart, a representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at equal distances. -- Selenographic chart, a map representing the surface of the moon. -- Topographic chart, a minute delineation of a limited place or region.\n\nTo lay down in a chart; to map; to delineate; as, to chart a coast.", "charwoman": "A woman hired for odd work or for single days.", "charwomen": null, "chary": "Careful; wary; cautious; not rash, reckless, or spendthrift; saving; frugal. His rising reputation made him more chary of his fame. Jeffrey.", - "charybdis": "A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. It is personified as a female monster. See Scylla.", "chase": "1. To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or game; to hunt. We are those which chased you from the field. Shak. Philologists, who chase A panting syllable through time and place. Cowper. 2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with away or off; as, to chase the hens away. Chased by their brother's endless malice from prince to prince and from place to place. Knolles. 3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game. Chasing each other merrily. Tennyson.\n\nTo give chase; to hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor. [Colloq.]\n\n1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a hunt. \"This mad chase of fame.\" Dryden. You see this chase is hotly followed. Shak. 2. That which is pursued or hunted. Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase, For I myself must hunt this deer to death. Shak. 3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private property, and from a park, which is inclosed. Sometimes written chace. [Eng.] 4. (Court Tennis) A division of the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point. Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued. -- Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is fired. -- Stern chase (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.\n\n1. A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type are imposed. 2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon from the reënforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See Cannon. 3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench, as for the reception of drain tile. 4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.\n\n1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the like. 2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.", "chased": null, "chaser": "1. One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter. 2. (Naut.) Same as Chase gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser. See under Bow, Stern.\n\n1. One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase. 2. (Mech.) A tool with several points, used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.", "chasers": "1. One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter. 2. (Naut.) Same as Chase gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser. See under Bow, Stern.\n\n1. One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase. 2. (Mech.) A tool with several points, used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.", "chases": "1. To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or game; to hunt. We are those which chased you from the field. Shak. Philologists, who chase A panting syllable through time and place. Cowper. 2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with away or off; as, to chase the hens away. Chased by their brother's endless malice from prince to prince and from place to place. Knolles. 3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game. Chasing each other merrily. Tennyson.\n\nTo give chase; to hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor. [Colloq.]\n\n1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a hunt. \"This mad chase of fame.\" Dryden. You see this chase is hotly followed. Shak. 2. That which is pursued or hunted. Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase, For I myself must hunt this deer to death. Shak. 3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private property, and from a park, which is inclosed. Sometimes written chace. [Eng.] 4. (Court Tennis) A division of the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point. Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued. -- Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is fired. -- Stern chase (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.\n\n1. A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type are imposed. 2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon from the reënforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See Cannon. 3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench, as for the reception of drain tile. 4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.\n\n1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the like. 2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.", "chasing": "The art of ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of ornamental work produced in this way.", - "chasity": null, "chasm": "1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure. That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the green hill. Coleridge. 2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men. Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought. Addison.", "chasms": "1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure. That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the green hill. Coleridge. 2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men. Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought. Addison.", "chassis": "A traversing base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward. [See Gun carriage.]", @@ -12619,7 +10770,6 @@ "chasubles": "The outer vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only. The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle. [Written also chasible, and chesible.]", "chat": "To talk in a light and familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to gossip. Shak. To chat a while on their adventures. Dryden. Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.\n\nTo talk of. [Obs.]\n\n1. Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip. Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat, With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope. 2. (Zoöl.) A bird of the genus Icteria, allied to the warblers, in America. The best known species are the yelow-breasted chat (I. viridis), and the long chat (I. longicauda). In Europe the name is given to several birds of the family Saxicolidæ, as the stonechat, and whinchat. Bush chat. (Zoöl.) See under Bush.\n\n1. A twig, cone, or little branch. See Chit. 2. pl. (Mining) Small stones with ore. Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as are given to swine. [Local.]", "chateau": "1. A castle or a fortress in France. 2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the chateau of the Luxembourg. Note: The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste of the middle ages is château-fort. Chateau en Espagne ( Etym: [F.], a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the air, Spain being the region of romance.", - "chateaubriand": null, "chateaus": "1. A castle or a fortress in France. 2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the chateau of the Luxembourg. Note: The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste of the middle ages is château-fort. Chateau en Espagne ( Etym: [F.], a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the air, Spain being the region of romance.", "chateaux": null, "chatelaine": "An ornamental hook, or brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used adjectively; as, a chatelaine chain.", @@ -12628,8 +10778,6 @@ "chatlines": null, "chatroom": null, "chats": "To talk in a light and familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to gossip. Shak. To chat a while on their adventures. Dryden. Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.\n\nTo talk of. [Obs.]\n\n1. Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip. Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat, With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope. 2. (Zoöl.) A bird of the genus Icteria, allied to the warblers, in America. The best known species are the yelow-breasted chat (I. viridis), and the long chat (I. longicauda). In Europe the name is given to several birds of the family Saxicolidæ, as the stonechat, and whinchat. Bush chat. (Zoöl.) See under Bush.\n\n1. A twig, cone, or little branch. See Chit. 2. pl. (Mining) Small stones with ore. Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as are given to swine. [Local.]", - "chattahoochee": null, - "chattanooga": null, "chatted": null, "chattel": "Any item of movable or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than goods or effects. Note: Chattels are personal or real: personal are such as are movable, as goods, plate, money; real are such rights in land as are less than a freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc. Chattel mortgage (Law), a mortgage on personal property, as distinguished from one on real property.", "chattels": "Any item of movable or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than goods or effects. Note: Chattels are personal or real: personal are such as are movable, as goods, plate, money; real are such rights in land as are less than a freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc. Chattel mortgage (Law), a mortgage on personal property, as distinguished from one on real property.", @@ -12640,30 +10788,22 @@ "chatterer": "1. A prater; an idle talker. 2. (Zoöl.) A bird of the family Ampelidæ -- so called from its monotonous note. The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis garrulus) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents. In America the cedar bird is a more common species. See Bohemian chatterer, and Cedar bird.", "chatterers": "1. A prater; an idle talker. 2. (Zoöl.) A bird of the family Ampelidæ -- so called from its monotonous note. The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis garrulus) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents. In America the cedar bird is a more common species. See Bohemian chatterer, and Cedar bird.", "chattering": "The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the teeth; chatter.", - "chatterley": null, "chatters": "1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble language, but are inarticulate and indistinct. The jaw makes answer, as the magpie chatters. Wordsworth. 2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue rapidity; to jabber; to prate. To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering tongue. Shak. 3. To make a noise by rapid collisions. With chattering teeth, and bristling hair upright. Dryden.\n\nTo utter rapidly, idly, or indistinctly. Begin his witless note apace to chatter. Spenser.\n\n1. Sounds like those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid, thoughtless talk; jabber; prattle. Your words are but idle and empty chatter. Longfellow. 2. Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in shivering.", - "chatterton": null, "chattier": null, "chattiest": null, "chattily": null, "chattiness": "The quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and pleasantly.", "chatting": null, "chatty": "Given to light, familiar talk; talkative. Lady M. W. Montagu.\n\nA porous earthen pot used in India for cooling water, etc.", - "chaucer": null, "chauffeur": "1. [pl.] (F. Hist.) Brigands in bands, who, about 1793, pillaged, burned, and killed in parts of France; -- so called because they used to burn the feet of their victims to extort money. 2. One who manages the running of an automobile; esp., the paid operator of a motor vehicle.", "chauffeured": null, "chauffeuring": null, "chauffeurs": "1. [pl.] (F. Hist.) Brigands in bands, who, about 1793, pillaged, burned, and killed in parts of France; -- so called because they used to burn the feet of their victims to extort money. 2. One who manages the running of an automobile; esp., the paid operator of a motor vehicle.", - "chauncey": null, - "chautauqua": null, "chauvinism": "Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated patriotism. -- Chau\"vin*ist, n. -- Chau`vin*is\"tic (, a. Note: To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's country is not chauvinism. It is the character of the latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend by its very frankness. Prof. H. Tuttle.", "chauvinist": null, "chauvinistic": null, "chauvinistically": null, "chauvinists": null, - "chavez": null, - "chayefsky": null, - "che": null, "cheap": "A bargain; a purchase; cheapness. [Obs.] The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe. Shak.\n\n1. Having a low price in market; of small cost or price, as compared with the usual price or the real value. Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the thing to be sold will be cheap. Locke. 2. Of comparatively small value; common; mean. You grow cheap in every subject's eye. Dryden. Dog cheap, very cheap, -- a phrase formed probably by the catachrestical transposition of good cheap. [Colloq.]\n\nCheaply. Milton.\n\nTo buy; to bargain. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "cheapen": "1. To ask the price of; to bid, bargain, or chaffer for. [Obsoles.] Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy. Swift. 2. Etym: [Cf. Cheap, a.] To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to depreciate. Pope. My proffered love has cheapened me. Dryden.", "cheapened": null, @@ -12682,8 +10822,6 @@ "cheaters": "1. One who cheats. 2. An escheator. [R.] Shak.", "cheating": null, "cheats": "1. An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud; a trick; imposition; imposture. When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat. Dryden. 2. One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a deceiver; a cheater. Airy wonders, which cheats interpret. Johnson 3. (Bot.) A troublesome grass, growing as a weed in grain fields; -- called also chess. See Chess. 4. (Law) The obtaining of property from another by an intentional active distortion of the truth. Note: When cheats are effected by deceitful or illegal symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large and against which common prudence could not have guarded, they are indictable at common law. Wharton. Syn. -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice; trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.\n\n1. To deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle. I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of this island. Shak. 2. To beguile. Sir W. Scott. To cheat winter of its dreariness. W. Irving. Syn. -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit; circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach; delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.\n\nTo practice fraud or trickery; as, to cheat at cards.\n\nWheat, or bread made from wheat. [Obs.] Drayton. Their purest cheat, Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste. Chapman.", - "chechen": null, - "chechnya": null, "check": "1. (Chess) A word of warning denoting that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be in check, and must be made safe at the next move. 2. A condition of interrupted or impeded progress; arrest; stop; delay; as, to hold an enemy in check. Which gave a remarkable check to the first progress of Christianity. Addison. No check, no stay, this streamlet fears. Wordsworth. 3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an obstacle, guard, restraint, or rebuff. Useful check upon the administration of government. Washington. A man whom no check could abash. Macaulay. 4. A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; as, checks placed against items in an account; a check given for baggage; a return check on a railroad. 5. A written order directing a bank or banker to pay money as therein stated. See Bank check, below. 6. A woven or painted design in squares resembling the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a design; also, cloth having such a figure. 7. (Falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other birds. 8. Small chick or crack. Bank check, a written order on a banker or broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer. -- Check book, a book containing blank forms for checks upon a bank. -- Check hook, a hook on the saddle of a harness, over which a checkrein is looped. -- Check list, a list or catalogue by which things may be verified, or on which they may be checked. -- Check nut (Mech.), a secondary nut, screwing down upon the primary nut to secure it. Knight. -- Check valve (Mech.), a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to prevent the return of the feed water. -- To take check, to take offense. [Obs.] Dryden. Syn. -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction; reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally; counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.\n\n1. (Chess) To make a move which puts an adversary's piece, esp. his king, in check; to put in check. 2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb. So many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression. Burke. 3. To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or a counterpart in order to secure accuracy; as, to check an account; to check baggage. 4. To chide, rebuke, or reprove. The good king, his master, will check him for it. Shak. 5. (Naut.) To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended. 6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack; as, the sun checks timber. Syn. -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder; impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove; rebuff.\n\nTo make a stop; to pause; -- with at. The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is disabled for the future, or else checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke. 2. To clash or interfere. [R.] Bacon. 3. To act as a curb or restraint. It [his presence] checks too strong upon me. Dryden. 4. To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc. 5. (Falconry) To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other birds. And like the haggard, check at every feather That comes before his eye. Shak.\n\nCheckered; designed in checks.", "checkbook": null, "checkbooks": null, @@ -12771,14 +10909,8 @@ "cheesy": "Having the nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of cheese.", "cheetah": "A species of leopard (Cynælurus jubatus) tamed and used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is C. laneus. [Written also chetah.]", "cheetahs": "A species of leopard (Cynælurus jubatus) tamed and used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is C. laneus. [Written also chetah.]", - "cheetos": null, - "cheever": null, "chef": "1. A chief of head person. 2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family, etc. 3. (Her.) Same as Chief. CHEF-D'OEUVRE Chef`-d'oeuvre\", n.; pl. Chefs-d'oeuvre. Etym: [F.] A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.", "chefs": "1. A chief of head person. 2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family, etc. 3. (Her.) Same as Chief. CHEF-D'OEUVRE Chef`-d'oeuvre\", n.; pl. Chefs-d'oeuvre. Etym: [F.] A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.", - "chekhov": null, - "chekhovian": null, - "chelsea": null, - "chelyabinsk": null, "chem": null, "chemical": "Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical comnbinations. Chemical attraction or affinity. See under Attraction.\n\nA substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.", "chemically": "According to chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.", @@ -12792,23 +10924,11 @@ "chemotherapeutic": null, "chemotherapy": null, "chemurgy": null, - "chen": null, - "cheney": null, - "chengdu": null, "chenille": "Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and for the weft of chenille rugs.", - "chennai": null, - "cheops": null, - "cheri": null, - "cherie": null, "cherish": "1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to protect and aid. We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children. 1 Thess. ii. 7. 2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to cherish religious principle. To cherish virtue and humanity. Burke. Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain; encourage; comfort; protect; support; See Nurture.", "cherished": null, "cherishes": null, "cherishing": null, - "chernenko": null, - "chernobyl": null, - "chernomyrdin": null, - "cherokee": null, - "cherokees": "An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.", "cheroot": "A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.", "cheroots": "A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.", "cherries": null, @@ -12819,9 +10939,6 @@ "cherubim": "The Hebrew plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim. Note: Cherubims, in the King James version of the bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English plural termination to the Hebrew plural cherubim instead of to the singular cherub.", "cherubs": "1. A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x. I knew that they were the cherubim. Ezek. x. 20. He rode upon a cherub and did fly. Ps. xviii. 10. 2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and Temple. Ez. xxv. 18. 3. One of a order of angels, variously represented in art. In European painting the cherubim have been shown as blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim (see Seraph), and in later art the children's heads with wings are generally called cherubs. 4. A beautiful child; -- so called because artists have represented cherubs as beautiful children.", "chervil": "A plant (Anthriscus cerefolium) with pinnately divided aromatic leaves, of which several curled varieties are used in soups and salads.", - "cheryl": null, - "chesapeake": null, - "cheshire": null, "chess": "A game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and eight pawns.\n\nA species of brome grass (Bromus secalinus) which is a troublesome weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; -- called also cheat and Willard's bromus. [U. S.] Note: Other species of brome grass are called upright chess, soft chess, etc.", "chessboard": "The board used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light and dark squares, eight in each row. See Checkerboard. Note: The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.", "chessboards": "The board used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light and dark squares, eight in each row. See Checkerboard. Note: The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.", @@ -12829,10 +10946,8 @@ "chessmen": null, "chest": "1. A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth. Heaps of money crowded in the chest. Dryden. 2. A coffin. [Obs.] He is now dead and mailed in his cheste. Chaucer. 3. The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and breastbone; the thorax. 4. (Com.) A case in which certain goods, as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity which such a case contains. 5. (Mech.) A tight receptacle or box, usually for holding gas, steam, liguids, etc.; as, the steam chest of an engine; the wind chest of an organ. Bomb chest, See under Bomb. -- Chest of drawers, a case or movable frame containing drawers.\n\n1. To deposit in a chest; to hoard. 2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.] He dieth and is chested. Gen. 1. 26 (heading).\n\nStrife; contention; controversy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.", "chested": "Having (such) a chest; -- in composition; as, broad-chested; narrow-chested.", - "chester": null, "chesterfield": null, "chesterfields": null, - "chesterton": null, "chestful": null, "chestfuls": null, "chestier": null, @@ -12844,10 +10959,8 @@ "chevalier": "1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man. \"Mount, chevaliers; to arms.\" Shak. 2. A member of certain orders of knighthood. Chevalier d'industrie ( Etym: [F.], one who lives by persevering fraud; a pickpocket; a sharper. -- The Chevalier St. George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward Stuart (son of James II.), called \"The Pretender.\" -- The Young Chevalier, Charles Edward Stuart, son of the Chevalier St. George.", "chevaliers": "1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man. \"Mount, chevaliers; to arms.\" Shak. 2. A member of certain orders of knighthood. Chevalier d'industrie ( Etym: [F.], one who lives by persevering fraud; a pickpocket; a sharper. -- The Chevalier St. George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward Stuart (son of James II.), called \"The Pretender.\" -- The Young Chevalier, Charles Edward Stuart, son of the Chevalier St. George.", "cheviot": "1. A valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its name from the Cheviot hills. 2. A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.", - "chevrolet": null, "chevron": "1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of the field and conjoined at its center. 2. (Mil.) A distinguishing mark, above the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat. 3. (Arch.) A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in Norman architecture. Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.", "chevrons": "1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of the field and conjoined at its center. 2. (Mil.) A distinguishing mark, above the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat. 3. (Arch.) A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in Norman architecture. Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.", - "chevy": "See Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.] One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks in the storm for ten minutes. London Times.", "chew": "1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate. 2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on. He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. Prior. To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate. Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. Deut. xxiv. 6.\n\nTo perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate. old politicians chew wisdom past. Pope.\n\nThat which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Law]", "chewed": null, "chewer": "One who chews.", @@ -12858,25 +10971,15 @@ "chewing": null, "chews": "1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate. 2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on. He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. Prior. To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate. Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. Deut. xxiv. 6.\n\nTo perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate. old politicians chew wisdom past. Pope.\n\nThat which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Law]", "chewy": null, - "cheyenne": null, - "cheyennes": "A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their horsemanship.", "chg": null, "chge": null, "chi": null, - "chianti": null, - "chiantis": null, "chiaroscuro": "(a) The arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color. (b) The art or practice of so arranging the light and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect. Cf. Clair-obscur.", - "chiba": null, - "chibcha": null, "chic": "Good form; style. [Slang]", - "chicago": null, - "chicagoan": null, - "chicana": null, "chicane": "The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry. Prior. To shuffle from them by chicane. Burke. To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own canscience. Berkeley.\n\nTo use shifts, cavils, or artifices. Burke.", "chicaneries": null, "chicanery": "Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice; sophistry. Irritated by perpetual chicanery. Hallam. Syn. -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.", "chicanes": "The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry. Prior. To shuffle from them by chicane. Burke. To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own canscience. Berkeley.\n\nTo use shifts, cavils, or artifices. Burke.", - "chicano": null, "chicer": null, "chicest": null, "chichi": null, @@ -12884,8 +10987,6 @@ "chick": "To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. Chalmers.\n\n1. A chicken. 2. A child or young person; -- a term of endearment. Shak.", "chickadee": "A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus), of North America; -- named from its note.", "chickadees": "A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus), of North America; -- named from its note.", - "chickasaw": null, - "chickasaws": "A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian) allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian Territory.", "chicken": "1. A young bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl. 2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a maiden. \"Stella is no chicken.\" Swift. Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of fowls; - - so called because first studied during the prevalence of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true cholera.", "chickened": null, "chickenfeed": null, @@ -12900,9 +11001,7 @@ "chicks": "To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. Chalmers.\n\n1. A chicken. 2. A child or young person; -- a term of endearment. Shak.", "chickweed": "The name of several caryophyllaseous weeds, especially Stellaria media, the seeds and flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.", "chicle": "A gumlike substance obtained from the bully tree (Mimusops globosa) and sometimes also from the naseberry or sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). It is more plastic than caoutchouc and more elastic than gutta-percha, as an adulterant of which it is used in England. It is used largely in the United States in making chewing gum.", - "chiclets": null, "chicness": null, - "chico": "1. Var. of Chica. 2. The common greasewood of the western United States (Sarcobatus vermiculatus). 3. In the Philippines, the sapodilla or its fruit; also, the marmalade tree or its fruit.", "chicories": null, "chicory": "1. (Bot.) A branching perennial plant (Cichorium Intybus) with bright blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See Endive. 2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with coffe.\n\nSee Chiccory.", "chide": "1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with. Upbraided, chid, and rated at. Shak. 2. Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against. The sea that chides the banks of England. Shak. To chide hither, chide from, or chide away, to cause to come, or to drive away, by scolding or reproof. Syn. -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach; reprehend; reprimand.\n\n1. To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend angrily. Wherefore the people did chide with Moses. Ex. xvii. 2. 2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe. As doth a rock againts the chiding flood. Shak.\n\nA continuous noise or murmur. The chide of streams. Thomson.", @@ -12952,9 +11051,6 @@ "childproofing": null, "childproofs": null, "children": "pl. of Child.", - "chile": null, - "chilean": "Of or pertaining to Chile.\n\nA native or resident of Chile; Chilian.", - "chileans": "Of or pertaining to Chile.\n\nA native or resident of Chile; Chilian.", "chili": "A kind of red pepper. See Capsicum [Written also chilli and chile.]", "chilies": null, "chill": "1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering. \"[A] wintry chill.\" W. Irving. 2. (Med.) A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional disturbance, as of a fever. 3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling; discouragement; as, a chill comes over an assemblly. 4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it. Raymond. 5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car wheel. Knight. Chill and fever, fever and ague.\n\n1. Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw. Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill. Milton. 2. Affected by cold. \"My veins are chill.\" Shak. 3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a chill reception. 4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.\n\n1. To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to affect with cold. When winter chilled the day. Goldsmith. 2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress; to discourage. Every thought on God chills the gayety of his spirits. Rogers. 3. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of, so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.\n\nTo become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying; as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth than others.", @@ -12971,7 +11067,6 @@ "chillness": "Coolness; coldness; a chill. Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn. Longfellow.", "chills": "1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering. \"[A] wintry chill.\" W. Irving. 2. (Med.) A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional disturbance, as of a fever. 3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling; discouragement; as, a chill comes over an assemblly. 4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it. Raymond. 5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car wheel. Knight. Chill and fever, fever and ague.\n\n1. Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw. Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill. Milton. 2. Affected by cold. \"My veins are chill.\" Shak. 3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a chill reception. 4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.\n\n1. To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to affect with cold. When winter chilled the day. Goldsmith. 2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress; to discourage. Every thought on God chills the gayety of his spirits. Rogers. 3. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of, so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.\n\nTo become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying; as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth than others.", "chilly": "Moderately cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.", - "chimborazo": null, "chime": "See Chine, n., 3.\n\n1. The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments. Instruments that made melodius chime. Milton. 2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other; specif., in the pl., the music performed on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the striking of the hours or their divisions. We have heard the chimes at midnight. Shak. 3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation, or sound. \"Chimes of verse.\" Cowley.\n\n1. To sound in harmonious accord, as bells. 2. To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with. Everything chimed in with such a humor. W. irving. 3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; -- followed by in or in with. [Colloq.] 4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to jingle, as in rhyming. Cowley\n\n1. To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony. And chime their sounding hammers. Dryden. 2. To utter harmoniously; to recite rhythmically. Chime his childish verse. Byron.", "chimed": null, "chimer": "One who chimes.", @@ -12988,16 +11083,13 @@ "chimpanzee": "An african ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four feet high.", "chimpanzees": "An african ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four feet high.", "chimps": null, - "chimu": null, "chin": "1. The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the under jaw. 2. (Zoöl.) The exterior or under surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in birds.", "china": "1. A country in Eastern Asia. 2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for porcelain. See Porcelain. China aster (Bot.), a well-known garden flower and plant. See Aster. -- China bean. See under Bean, 1. -- China clay See Kaolin. -- China grass, Same as Ramie. -- China ink. See India ink. -- China pink (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of Dianthus (D. Chiensis) having variously colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. -- China root (Med.), the rootstock of a species of Smilax (S. China, from the East Indies; -- formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from Alpinia Gallanga and Alpinia officinarum). -- China rose. (Bot.) (a) A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the Rosa Indica, and perhaps other species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east Indies. -- China shop, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or of crockery. -- China ware, porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in general. -- Pride of China, China tree. (Bot.) See Azedarach.", - "chinatown": null, "chinaware": null, "chinchilla": "1. (Zoöl.) A small rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili. 2. The fur of the chinchilla. 3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.", "chinchillas": "1. (Zoöl.) A small rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili. 2. The fur of the chinchilla. 3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.", "chine": "A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep. [Prov. Eng.] \"The cottage in a chine.\" J. Ingelow.\n\n1. The backbone or spine of an animal; the back. \"And chine with rising bristles roughly spread.\" Dryden. 2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. Note: [See Illust. of Beef.] 3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.\n\n1. To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces. 2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..", "chines": "A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep. [Prov. Eng.] \"The cottage in a chine.\" J. Ingelow.\n\n1. The backbone or spine of an animal; the back. \"And chine with rising bristles roughly spread.\" Dryden. 2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. Note: [See Illust. of Beef.] 3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.\n\n1. To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces. 2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..", - "chinese": "Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China. Chinese paper. See India paper, under India. -- Chinese wax, a snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the bleached secretion of certain insects of the family Coccidæ especially Coccus Sinensis.\n\n1. A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with oblique eyelids who live principally in China. 2. sing. The language of China, which is monosyllabic. Note: Chineses was used as a plural by the contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.", "chink": "A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall. Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy sky. Shines out the dewy morning star. Macaulay.\n\nTo crack; to open.\n\n1. To cause to open in cracks or fissures. 2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to chink a wall.\n\n1. A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight degree of violence. \"Chink of bell.\" Cowper. 2. Money; cash. [Cant] \"To leave his chink to better hands.\" Somerville.\n\nTo cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with each other. Pope.\n\nTo make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies. Arbuthnot.", "chinked": null, "chinking": null, @@ -13006,8 +11098,6 @@ "chinned": "Having a chin; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, short-chinned.", "chinning": null, "chino": null, - "chinook": "1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called Flathead Indians. 2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory. 3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States.", - "chinooks": "1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called Flathead Indians. 2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory. 3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States.", "chinos": null, "chins": "1. The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the under jaw. 2. (Zoöl.) The exterior or under surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in birds.", "chinstrap": null, @@ -13020,25 +11110,19 @@ "chinwags": null, "chip": "1. To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew. Shak. 2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery. 3. To bet, as with chips in the game of poker. To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund; to share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U. S.]\n\nTo break or fly off in small pieces.\n\n1. A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting instrument. 2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece. 3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets. 4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; -- used contemptuously. 5. One of the counters used in poker and other games. 6. (Naut.) The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line. Buffalo chips. See under Buffalo. -- Chip ax, a small ax for chipping timber into shape. -- Chip bonnet, Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See Chip, n., 3. -- A chip off the old block, a child who resembles either of his parents. [Colloq.] Milton.- Potato chips, Saratoga chips, thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.", "chipboard": null, - "chipewyan": null, "chipmunk": "A squirrel-like animal of the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee. The common species of the United States is the Tamias striatus. [Written also chipmonk, chipmuck, and chipmuk.]", "chipmunks": "A squirrel-like animal of the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee. The common species of the United States is the Tamias striatus. [Written also chipmonk, chipmuck, and chipmuk.]", "chipolata": null, "chipolatas": null, "chipped": null, - "chippendale": "Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th century. Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but graceful outline with delicately carved rococo ornamentation, sculptured either in the solid wood or, in the cheaper specimens, separately and glued on. In the more elaborate pieces three types are recognized: French Chippendale, having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze; Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike pediments; and Gothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt medieval details. The forms, as of the cabriole and chairbacks, often resemble Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is widened at the front, and the back toward the top widened and bent backward, except in Chinese Chippendale, in which the backs are usually rectangular. -- Chip\"pen*dal*ism (#), n. It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then, that, whenever painted (that is to say, decorated with painted enrichment) or inlaid furniture is described as Chippendale, no matter where or by whom, it is a million chances to one that the description is incorrect. R. D. Benn.", "chipper": "To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.] Forby.\n\nLively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]", "chippers": "To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.] Forby.\n\nLively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]", - "chippewa": null, - "chippewas": null, "chippie": null, "chippies": null, "chipping": "1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a fragment. 2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone to shape. 3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.", "chippings": "1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a fragment. 2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone to shape. 3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.", "chippy": "Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.\n\nA small American sparrow (Spizella socialis), very common near dwelling; -- also called chipping bird and chipping sparrow, from its simple note.", "chips": "A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]", - "chiquita": null, - "chirico": null, "chirography": "1. The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as, skilled in chirography. 2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the hand.", "chiropodist": "One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and bunions.", "chiropodists": "One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and bunions.", @@ -13067,8 +11151,6 @@ "chiselers": null, "chiseling": null, "chisels": "A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or hammer. Cold chisel. See under Cold, a.\n\n1. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a block of marble into a statue. 2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat. [Slang]", - "chisholm": null, - "chisinau": null, "chit": "1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes. 2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or animal. A little chit of a woman. Thackeray. 3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.] 4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. Knight.\n\nTo shoot out; to sprout. I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had been thrown forth. Mortimer.\n\nChideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "chitchat": "Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.", "chitchats": "Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.", @@ -13078,13 +11160,11 @@ "chitinous": "Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.", "chitosan": null, "chits": "1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes. 2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or animal. A little chit of a woman. Thackeray. 3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.] 4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. Knight.\n\nTo shoot out; to sprout. I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had been thrown forth. Mortimer.\n\nChideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "chittagong": null, "chitterlings": "The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.", "chivalrous": "Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic; gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous. In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser.", "chivalrously": "In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.", "chivalrousness": null, "chivalry": "1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry. \"His Memphian chivalry.\" Milton. By his light Did all the chivalry of England move, To do brave acts. Shak. 2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry. Dryden. 3. The qualifications or character of knights, as valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc. The glory of our Troy this day doth lie On his fair worth and single chivalry. Shak. 4. (Eng. Law) A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or military service to his lord. 5. Exploit. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Court of chivalry, a court formerly held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to deeds of arms and war. Blackstone.", - "chivas": null, "chive": "A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]\n\nA perennial plant (Allium Schoenoprasum), allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]", "chives": "A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]\n\nA perennial plant (Allium Schoenoprasum), allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]", "chivied": null, @@ -13094,7 +11174,6 @@ "chlamydia": null, "chlamydiae": null, "chlamydias": null, - "chloe": null, "chloral": "1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol. 2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also chloral.", "chlordane": null, "chloride": "A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt). Chloride of ammonium, sal ammoniac. -- Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a grayish white substance, CaOClcalcium hypochlorite. See Hypochlorous acid, under Hypochlorous. -- Mercuric chloride, corrosive sublimate.", @@ -13127,8 +11206,6 @@ "chocolates": "1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla. 2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or cake in boiling water or milk. Chocolate house, a house in which customers may be served with chocolate. -- Chocolate nut. See Cacao.", "chocolaty": null, "chocs": null, - "choctaw": null, - "choctaws": "; sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.", "choice": "1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election. 2. The power or opportunity of choosing; option. Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take be so in our power that we might have refused it. Hooker. 3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference; discrimination. I imagine they [the apothegms of Cæsar] were collected with judgment and choice. Bacon. 4. A sufficient number to choose among. Shak. 5. The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection. The common wealth is sick of their own choice. Shak. 6. The best part; that which is preferable. The flower and choice Of many provinces from bound to bound. Milton. To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference. Syn. - See Volition, Option.\n\n1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior; precious; valuable. My choicest hours of life are lost. Swift. 2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; -- used with of; as, to be choice of time, or of money. 3. Selected with care, and due attention to preference; deliberately chosen. Choice word measured phrase. Wordsworth. Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary; careful/", "choicer": null, "choices": "1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election. 2. The power or opportunity of choosing; option. Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take be so in our power that we might have refused it. Hooker. 3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference; discrimination. I imagine they [the apothegms of Cæsar] were collected with judgment and choice. Bacon. 4. A sufficient number to choose among. Shak. 5. The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection. The common wealth is sick of their own choice. Shak. 6. The best part; that which is preferable. The flower and choice Of many provinces from bound to bound. Milton. To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference. Syn. - See Volition, Option.\n\n1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior; precious; valuable. My choicest hours of life are lost. Swift. 2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; -- used with of; as, to be choice of time, or of money. 3. Selected with care, and due attention to preference; deliberately chosen. Choice word measured phrase. Wordsworth. Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary; careful/", @@ -13159,8 +11236,6 @@ "chompers": null, "chomping": null, "chomps": "To chew loudly and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Halliwell.", - "chomsky": null, - "chongqing": null, "choose": "1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of two evils. Choose me for a humble friend. Pope. 2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.] The landlady now returned to know if we did not choose a more genteel apartment. Goldsmith. To choose sides. See under Side. Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow. -- To Choose, Prefer, Elect. To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private life to a public one; to elect members of Congress.\n\n1. To make a selection; to decide. They had only to choose between implicit obedience and open rebellion. Prescott. 2. To do otherwise. \"Can I choose but smile\" Pope. Can not choose but, must necessarily. Thou canst not choose but know who I am. Shak.", "chooser": "One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an elector. Burke.", "choosers": "One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an elector. Burke.", @@ -13173,7 +11248,6 @@ "chop": "1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces; to mince; -- often with up. 2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with off or down. Chop off your hand, and it to the king. Shak. 3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with up. [Obs.] Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which the fox presently chopped up. L'estrange.\n\n1. To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other sharp instrument. 2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize. Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the shadow, and loses the substance. L'Estrange. 3. To interrupt; -- with in or out. This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly chopping in. Latimer.\n\n1. To barter or truck. 2. To exchange; substitute one thing for another. We go on chopping and changing our friends. L'Estrange. To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use of logical terms; to argue sophistically.\n\n1. To purchase by way of truck. 2. (Naut.) To vary or shift suddenly; as, the wind chops about. 3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words. Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge. Bacon.\n\nA change; a vicissitude. Marryat.\n\nTo crack. See Chap, v. t. & i.\n\n1. The act of chopping; a stroke. 2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of meat; as, a mutton chop. 3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.\n\n1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the pl. See Chops. 2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise. 3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West Chop. See Chops.\n\n1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first chop. 2. A permit or clearance. Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to attest its purity. -- chop of tea, a number of boxes of the same make and quality of leaf. -- Chowchow chop. See under Chowchow. -- Grand chop, a ship's port clearance. S. W. Williams.", "chophouse": "A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house. The freedom of a chophouse. W. Irving.\n\nA customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] S. W. Williams.", "chophouses": "A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house. The freedom of a chophouse. W. Irving.\n\nA customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] S. W. Williams.", - "chopin": "A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying from half a pint to a wine quart.\n\nSee Chopine.", "chopped": null, "chopper": "One who, or that which, chops.", "choppered": null, @@ -13185,7 +11259,6 @@ "choppiness": null, "chopping": "Stout or plump; large. [Obs.] Fenton.\n\nShifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a chopping sea.\n\nAct of cutting by strokes. Chopping block, a solid block of wood on which butchers and others chop meat, etc. -- Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the blade instead of at the end.", "choppy": "1. Full of cracks. \"Choppy finger.\" Shak. 2. Etym: [Cf. Chop a change.] Rough, with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy sea.", - "chopra": null, "chops": "1. The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth. 2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the English Channel.", "chopstick": "One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.", "chopsticks": "One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.", @@ -13227,54 +11300,25 @@ "chorusing": null, "chose": "A thing; personal property. Chose in action, a thing of which one has not possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be enforced against a reluctant party without suit. -- Chose in possession, a thing in possession, as distinguished from a thing in action. -- Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a mill. -- Chose transitory, a thing which is movable. Cowell. Blount.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Choose.", "chosen": "Selected from a number; picked out; choice. Seven hundred chosen men left-handed. Judg. xx. 16.\n\nOne who, or that which is the object of choice or special favor.", - "chou": "1. A cabbage. 2. A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream. 3. A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's dress.", "chow": "A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow.", "chowder": "1. (Cookery) A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed together. 2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.\n\nTo make a chowder of.", "chowders": "1. (Cookery) A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed together. 2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.\n\nTo make a chowder of.", "chowed": null, "chowing": null, "chows": "A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow.", - "chretien": null, - "chris": null, "chrism": "1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices, consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc. 2. The same as Chrisom.", - "christ": "The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.", - "christa": null, - "christchurch": null, "christen": "1. To baptize and give a Christian name to. 2. To give a name; to denominate. \"Christen the thing what you will.\" Bp. Burnet. 3. To Christianize. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. 4. To use for the first time. [Colloq.]", - "christendom": "1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of it. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.] Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms. Shak. 3. That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands. The Arian doctrine which then divided Christendom. Milton A wide and still widening Christendom. Coleridge. 4. The whole body of Christians. Hooker.", - "christendoms": "1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of it. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.] Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms. Shak. 3. That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands. The Arian doctrine which then divided Christendom. Milton A wide and still widening Christendom. Coleridge. 4. The whole body of Christians. Hooker.", "christened": null, "christening": null, "christenings": null, "christens": "1. To baptize and give a Christian name to. 2. To give a name; to denominate. \"Christen the thing what you will.\" Bp. Burnet. 3. To Christianize. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. 4. To use for the first time. [Colloq.]", - "christensen": null, - "christi": null, "christian": "1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of Christ. The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. Acts xi. 26. 2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an opposing system. 3. (Eccl.) (a) One of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites. (b) One of a sect (called Christian Connection) of open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only authoritative rule of faith and practice. Note: In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members of the sects, kris\"chan.\n\n1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as, Christian people. 3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as, a Christian court. Blackstone. 4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent. The graceful tact; the Christian art. Tennyson. Christian Commission. See under Commission. -- Christian court. Same as Ecclesiastical court. -- Christian era, the present era, commencing with the birth of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that 1890 should be 1893 or 1894. -- Christian name, the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name, or surname.", - "christianities": null, - "christianity": "1. The religion of Christians; the system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ. 2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward life to the spirit of the Christian religion 3. The body of Christian believers. [Obs.] To Walys fled the christianitee Of olde Britons. Chaucer.", - "christianize": "1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity; as, to Christianize pagans. 2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian principles. Christianized philosophers. I. Taylor.\n\nTo adopt the character or belief of a Christian; to become Christian. The pagans began to Christianize. Latham.", - "christians": "1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of Christ. The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. Acts xi. 26. 2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an opposing system. 3. (Eccl.) (a) One of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites. (b) One of a sect (called Christian Connection) of open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only authoritative rule of faith and practice. Note: In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members of the sects, kris\"chan.\n\n1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as, Christian people. 3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as, a Christian court. Blackstone. 4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent. The graceful tact; the Christian art. Tennyson. Christian Commission. See under Commission. -- Christian court. Same as Ecclesiastical court. -- Christian era, the present era, commencing with the birth of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that 1890 should be 1893 or 1894. -- Christian name, the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name, or surname.", - "christie": null, - "christina": null, - "christine": null, - "christlike": "Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc. -- Christ\"like`ness, n.", - "christmas": "An annual church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings, and hospitality. Christmas box. (a) A box in which presents are deposited at Christmas. (b) A present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift. -- Christmas carol, a carol sung at, or suitable for, Christmas. -- Christmas day. Same as Christmas. -- Christmas eve, the evening before Christmas. -- Christmas fern (Bot.), an evergreen North American fern (Aspidium acrostichoides), which is much used for decoration in winter. -- Christmas flower, Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter. -- Christmas tree, a small evergreen tree, set up indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and illuminated on Christmas eve.", - "christmases": null, - "christmastide": "The season of Christmas.", - "christmastides": "The season of Christmas.", - "christmastime": null, - "christmastimes": null, "christology": "A treatise on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the personality, attributes, or life of Christ.", - "christoper": null, - "christopher": null, - "christs": "The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.", "chromatic": "1. Relating to color, or to colors. 2. (Mus.) Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular intervals of the diatonic scale. Note: The intermediate tones were formerly written and printed in colors. Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See Aberration, 4. -- Chromatic printing, printing from type or blocks covered with inks of various colors. -- Chromatic scale (Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones, including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate tones.", "chromatically": "In a chromatic manner.", "chromatin": "Tissue which is capable of being stained by dyes.", "chromatography": "A treatise on colors", "chrome": "Same as Chromium. Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to, and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used by painters.", - "chromebook": null, - "chromebooks": null, "chromed": null, "chromes": "Same as Chromium. Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to, and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used by painters.", "chroming": null, @@ -13304,9 +11348,6 @@ "chrysalises": null, "chrysanthemum": "A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.", "chrysanthemums": "A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.", - "chrysler": null, - "chrysostom": null, - "chrystal": null, "chub": "A species to fresh-water fish of the Cyprinidæ or Carp family. The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the genera Semotilus, Squalius, Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the tautog, black bass, etc. Chub mackerel (Zoöl.), a species of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big-eye mackerel. -- Chub sucker (Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish of the United States (Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also creekfish.", "chubbier": null, "chubbiest": null, @@ -13328,11 +11369,9 @@ "chugged": null, "chugging": null, "chugs": null, - "chukchi": null, "chukka": null, "chukkas": null, "chum": "A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.\n\nTo occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at college. [U. S.]\n\nChopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]", - "chumash": null, "chummed": null, "chummier": null, "chummiest": null, @@ -13347,7 +11386,6 @@ "chundered": null, "chundering": null, "chunders": null, - "chung": null, "chunk": "A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]", "chunked": null, "chunkier": null, @@ -13365,7 +11403,6 @@ "churchgoer": "One who attends church.", "churchgoers": "One who attends church.", "churchgoing": "1. Habitually attending church. 2. Summoning to church. The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper.", - "churchill": null, "churchman": "1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman. 2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England. \"A zealous churchman.\" Macaulay. 3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.", "churchmen": null, "churchwarden": "1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service. 2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.] There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. W. Black.", @@ -13385,18 +11422,14 @@ "churners": null, "churning": "1. The act of one who churns. 2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.", "churns": "A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.\n\n1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter. 2. To shake or agitate with violence. Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.\n\nTo perform the operation of churning.", - "churriguera": null, "chute": "1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel. 2. See Shoot.", "chutes": "1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel. 2. See Shoot.", "chutney": "A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.", "chutneys": "A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.", "chutzpah": null, - "chuvash": null, "chyme": "The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See Chyle.", "chyron": null, "chyrons": null, - "ci": null, - "cia": null, "ciabatta": null, "ciabattas": null, "ciao": null, @@ -13405,11 +11438,9 @@ "cicadas": "Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted American species (C. septendecim) is called the seventeen year locust. Another common species is the dogday cicada.", "cicatrices": "A cicatrix.", "cicatrix": "The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.", - "cicero": "Pica type; -- so called by French printers.", "cicerone": "One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide. Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero. Trench.", "cicerones": "One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide. Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero. Trench.", "ciceroni": null, - "cid": "1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century. 2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.", "cider": "The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes. Note: Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine. Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider is made. -- Cider press, the press of a cider mill.", "ciders": "The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes. Note: Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine. Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider is made. -- Cider press, the press of a cider mill.", "cigar": "A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking. Cigar fish (Zoöl.), a fish (Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.", @@ -13421,44 +11452,35 @@ "cilantro": null, "cilia": "1. (Anat.) The eyelashes. 2. (Biol.) Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs. 3. (Bot.) Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash. 4. (Zoöl.) Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.", "cilium": "See Cilia.", - "cimabue": null, "cinch": "1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas. [West. U. S.] 2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]", "cinched": null, "cinches": null, "cinching": null, "cinchona": "1. (Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value. 2. (Med.) The bark of any species of cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.", "cinchonas": "1. (Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value. 2. (Med.) The bark of any species of cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.", - "cincinnati": null, "cincture": "1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb. 2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. \"Within the cincture of one wall.\" Bacon. 3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.", "cinctures": "1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb. 2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. \"Within the cincture of one wall.\" Bacon. 3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.", "cinder": "1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct. 2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. Swift. 3. A scale thrown off in forging metal. 4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano. Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.", "cindered": null, - "cinderella": null, - "cinderellas": null, "cindering": null, "cinders": "1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct. 2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. Swift. 3. A scale thrown off in forging metal. 4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano. Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.", - "cindy": null, "cine": null, "cinema": null, "cinemas": null, - "cinemascope": null, "cinematic": "See Kinematic.", "cinematographer": "One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs by the cinematograph. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph\"ic (#), a. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph\"ic*al*ly (#), adv.", "cinematographers": "One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs by the cinematograph. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph\"ic (#), a. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph\"ic*al*ly (#), adv.", "cinematographic": null, "cinematography": null, - "cinerama": null, "cinnabar": "1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine. 2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment; vermilion. Cinnabar Græcorum (. Etym: [L. Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.] (Med.) Same as Dragon's blood. -- Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire. -- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.", "cinnamon": "(a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices. (b) Cassia. Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde, C6H5.C2H2.CHO. -- Wild cinnamon. See Canella.", "cipher": "1. (Arith.) A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold. 2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence. Here he was a mere cipher. W. Irving. 3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.] This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures. Sir W. Raleigh. 4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W. 5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters. His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his letters to England in cipher. Bp. Burnet. Cipher key, a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.\n\nOf the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. \"Twelve cipher bishops.\" Milton.\n\nTo use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic. \"T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To write in occult characters. His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward. 2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer. 3. To decipher. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To designate by characters. [Obs.] Shak.", "ciphered": null, "ciphering": null, "ciphers": "1. (Arith.) A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold. 2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence. Here he was a mere cipher. W. Irving. 3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.] This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures. Sir W. Raleigh. 4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W. 5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters. His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his letters to England in cipher. Bp. Burnet. Cipher key, a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.\n\nOf the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. \"Twelve cipher bishops.\" Milton.\n\nTo use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic. \"T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To write in occult characters. His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward. 2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer. 3. To decipher. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To designate by characters. [Obs.] Shak.", - "cipro": null, "cir": null, "circa": null, "circadian": null, - "circe": null, "circle": "1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point within it, called the center. 2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring. 3. (Astron.) An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire circle. Note: When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle. 4. A round body; a sphere; an orb. It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth. Is. xi. 22. 5. Compass; circuit; inclosure. In the circle of this forest. Shak. 6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a class or division of society; a coterie; a set. As his name gradually became known, the circle of his acquaintance widened. Macaulay. 7. A circular group of persons; a ring. 8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself. Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. Dryden. 9. (Logic) A form of argument in which two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive reasoning. That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent circle and teaches nothing. Glanvill. 10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.] Has he given the lie, In circle, or oblique, or semicircle. J. Fletcher. 11. A territorial division or district. Note: The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats in the German Diet. Azimuth circle. See under Azimuth. -- Circle of altitude (Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve (Below). -- Circle of declination. See under Declination. -- Circle of latitude. (a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles. (b) (Spherical Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of perpetual apparition, at any given place, the boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation, at any given place, the boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. -- Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a small circle. -- Diurnal circle. See under Diurnal. -- Dress circle, a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. -- Family circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one containing inexpensive seats. -- Horary circles (Dialing), the lines on dials which show the hours. -- Osculating circle of a curve (Geom.), the circle which touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called circle of curvature. -- Pitch circle. See under Pitch. -- Vertical circle, an azimuth circle. -- Voltaic circle or circuit. See under Circuit. -- To square the circle. See under Square. Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.\n\n1. To move around; to revolve around. Other planets circle other suns. Pope. 2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to encircle. Prior. Pope. Their heads are circled with a short turban. Dampier. So he lies, circled with evil. Coleridge. To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to keep together; as, to circle bodies in. Sir K. Digby.\n\nTo move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate. Thy name shall circle round the gaping through. Byron.", "circled": "Having the form of a circle; round. \"Monthly changes in her circled orb.\" Shak.", "circles": "1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point within it, called the center. 2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring. 3. (Astron.) An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire circle. Note: When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle. 4. A round body; a sphere; an orb. It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth. Is. xi. 22. 5. Compass; circuit; inclosure. In the circle of this forest. Shak. 6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a class or division of society; a coterie; a set. As his name gradually became known, the circle of his acquaintance widened. Macaulay. 7. A circular group of persons; a ring. 8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself. Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. Dryden. 9. (Logic) A form of argument in which two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive reasoning. That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent circle and teaches nothing. Glanvill. 10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.] Has he given the lie, In circle, or oblique, or semicircle. J. Fletcher. 11. A territorial division or district. Note: The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats in the German Diet. Azimuth circle. See under Azimuth. -- Circle of altitude (Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve (Below). -- Circle of declination. See under Declination. -- Circle of latitude. (a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles. (b) (Spherical Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of perpetual apparition, at any given place, the boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation, at any given place, the boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. -- Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a small circle. -- Diurnal circle. See under Diurnal. -- Dress circle, a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. -- Family circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one containing inexpensive seats. -- Horary circles (Dialing), the lines on dials which show the hours. -- Osculating circle of a curve (Geom.), the circle which touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called circle of curvature. -- Pitch circle. See under Pitch. -- Vertical circle, an azimuth circle. -- Voltaic circle or circuit. See under Circuit. -- To square the circle. See under Square. Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.\n\n1. To move around; to revolve around. Other planets circle other suns. Pope. 2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to encircle. Prior. Pope. Their heads are circled with a short turban. Dampier. So he lies, circled with evil. Coleridge. To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to keep together; as, to circle bodies in. Sir K. Digby.\n\nTo move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate. Thy name shall circle round the gaping through. Byron.", @@ -13541,7 +11563,6 @@ "cirri": "See Cirrus.", "cirrus": "1. (Bot.) A tendril or clasper. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are caudal cirri. (b) The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and Polychæta. Note: In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri are branchial in function. 3. (Zoöl.) The external male organ of trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca. 4. (Meteor.) See under Cloud.", "cis": null, - "cisco": "The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake Michigan.", "cisgender": null, "cistern": "1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids. 2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water. \"The wide cisterns of the lakes.\" Blackmore.", "cisterns": "1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids. 2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water. \"The wide cisterns of the lakes.\" Blackmore.", @@ -13553,17 +11574,14 @@ "cite": "1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon. The cited dead, Of all past ages, to the general doom Shall hasten. Milton. Cited by finger of God. De Quincey. 2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.] Shak. 3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the words of another. The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. Shak. 4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof, illustration, or confirmation. The imperfections which you have cited. Shak. 5. To bespeak; to indicate. [Obs.] Aged honor cites a virtuous youth. Shak. 6. (Law) To notify of a proceeding in court. Abbot Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call; summon. See Quote.", "cited": null, "cites": "1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon. The cited dead, Of all past ages, to the general doom Shall hasten. Milton. Cited by finger of God. De Quincey. 2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.] Shak. 3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the words of another. The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. Shak. 4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof, illustration, or confirmation. The imperfections which you have cited. Shak. 5. To bespeak; to indicate. [Obs.] Aged honor cites a virtuous youth. Shak. 6. (Law) To notify of a proceeding in court. Abbot Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call; summon. See Quote.", - "citibank": null, "cities": null, "citified": "Aping, or having, the manners of a city.", - "citigroup": null, "citing": null, "citizen": "1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises. That large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs. G. Eliot. 2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman. Shak. 3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal protection from it. Note: This protection is . . . national protection, recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights abroad as well as at home. Abbot 4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense that he takes his legal status from such country.\n\n1. Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a citizen soldiery. 2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city; characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious. [Obs.] I am not well, But not so citizen a wanton as To seem to die ere sick. Shak.", "citizenry": null, "citizens": "1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises. That large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs. G. Eliot. 2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman. Shak. 3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal protection from it. Note: This protection is . . . national protection, recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights abroad as well as at home. Abbot 4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense that he takes his legal status from such country.\n\n1. Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a citizen soldiery. 2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city; characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious. [Obs.] I am not well, But not so citizen a wanton as To seem to die ere sick. Shak.", "citizenship": "The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.", "citric": "Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as, citric acid. Citric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3, extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.", - "citroen": null, "citron": "1. (Bot) A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce. 2. A citron tree. 3. A citron melon. Citron melon. (a) A small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree (Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be the typical form of Citrus Medica.", "citronella": null, "citrons": "1. (Bot) A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce. 2. A citron tree. 3. A citron melon. Citron melon. (a) A small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree (Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be the typical form of Citrus Medica.", @@ -13589,7 +11607,6 @@ "civilly": null, "civvies": null, "ck": null, - "cl": null, "clack": "1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object, or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click. We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders of the poor little wretches. Thackeray. 2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with abruptness; to let the tongue run.\n\n1. To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click. 2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately. Feltham. To clack wool, to cut off the sheep's mark, in order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty. [Eng.]\n\n1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by striking an object. 2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve. 3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating. Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack. South. Clack box (Mach.), the box or chamber in which a clack valve works. -- Clack dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice. Shak. Clack door (Mining), removable cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.), a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its seat, falls with a clacking sound.", "clacked": null, "clacking": null, @@ -13597,7 +11614,6 @@ "clad": "To clothe. [Obs.] Holland.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Clothe.", "cladding": null, "clade": null, - "claiborne": null, "claim": "1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due. 2. To proclaim. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. To assert; to maintain. [Colloq.]\n\nTo be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim. We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority. Locke.\n\n1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; an assertion of a right or fact. 2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also, a title to anything which another should give or concede to, or confer on, the claimant. \"A bar to all claims upon land.\" Hallam. 3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. & Australia] 4. A laoud call. [Obs.] Spenser To lay claim to, to demand as a right. \"Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance\" Shak.", "claimable": "Capable of being claimed.", "claimant": "One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a claimer.", @@ -13607,9 +11623,6 @@ "claimers": "One who claims; a claimant.", "claiming": null, "claims": "1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due. 2. To proclaim. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. To assert; to maintain. [Colloq.]\n\nTo be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim. We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority. Locke.\n\n1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; an assertion of a right or fact. 2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also, a title to anything which another should give or concede to, or confer on, the claimant. \"A bar to all claims upon land.\" Hallam. 3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. & Australia] 4. A laoud call. [Obs.] Spenser To lay claim to, to demand as a right. \"Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance\" Shak.", - "clair": null, - "claire": "A small inclosed pond used for gathering and greening oysters.", - "clairol": null, "clairvoyance": "A power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the senses in their normal condition.", "clairvoyant": "Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.\n\nOne who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the senses.", "clairvoyants": "Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.\n\nOne who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the senses.", @@ -13642,7 +11655,6 @@ "clamps": "1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal, used to hold two or more pieces together. 2. (a) An instrument with a screw or screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are temporarily held together. (b) (Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another, or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen. 3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to grasp without bruising. 4. (Shipbuilding) A thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of beams. 5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of ore for roasting, or of coal coking. 6. A mollusk. See Clam. [Obs.] Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.\n\n1. To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp. 2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth. [Eng.]\n\nA heavy footstep; a tramp.\n\nTo tread heavily or clumsily; to clump. The policeman with clamping feet. Thackeray.", "clams": "1. (Zoöl.) A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; as, the long clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog or round clam (Venus mercenaria), the sea clam or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species of the United States. The name is said to have been given originally to the Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve. You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of sand, where you may not take many clampes, or lobsters, or both, at your pleasure. Capt. John Smith (1616). Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand. Wood (1634). 2. (Ship Carp.) Strong pinchers or forceps. 3. pl. (Mech.) A kind of vise, usually of wood. Blood clam. See under Blood.\n\nTo clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter. A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed and clammed Themselves till there was no getting out again. L'Estrange.\n\nTo be moist or glutinous; to stick; to adhere. [R.] Dryden\n\nClaminess; moisture. [R.] \"The clam of death.\" Carlyle.\n\nA crash or clangor made by ringing all the bells of a chime at once. Nares.\n\nTo produce, in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang. Nares.", "clan": "1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald. \"I have marshaled my clan.\" Campbell. 2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously. Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me. Smolett. The whole clan of the enlightened among us. Burke.", - "clancy": null, "clandestine": "Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a clandestine marriage. Locke. Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly; stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent. -- Clan*des\"tine*ly, adv. -- Clan*des\"tine*ness, n.", "clandestinely": null, "clang": "To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding arms. Prior.\n\nTo give out a clang; to resound. \"Clanging hoofs.\" Tennyson.\n\n1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or struck together. The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand anvils rang. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Mus.) Qualyty of tone.", @@ -13670,7 +11682,6 @@ "clapboarded": null, "clapboarding": null, "clapboards": "1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U. S.] 2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nTo cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a house. [U. S.] Bartlett.", - "clapeyron": null, "clapped": null, "clapper": "1. A person who claps. 2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell. Clapper rail (Zoöl.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).\n\nA rabbit burrow. [Obs.]", "clapperboard": null, @@ -13678,17 +11689,11 @@ "clappers": "1. A person who claps. 2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell. Clapper rail (Zoöl.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).\n\nA rabbit burrow. [Obs.]", "clapping": null, "claps": "Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "clapton": null, "claptrap": "1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.] 2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.\n\nContrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.", "claque": "A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.", "claques": "A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.", - "clara": null, - "clare": "A nun of the order of St.Clare.", - "clarence": "A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the driver.", - "clarendon": "A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all sizes. Note: This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.", "claret": "The name firat given in England to the red wines of M", "clarets": "The name firat given in England to the red wines of M", - "clarice": null, "clarification": "1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine. 2. The act of freeing from obscurities. The clarification of men's ideas. Whewell.", "clarifications": "1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine. 2. The act of freeing from obscurities. The clarification of men's ideas. Whewell.", "clarified": null, @@ -13703,11 +11708,7 @@ "clarioned": null, "clarioning": null, "clarions": "A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill. He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett.", - "clarissa": null, "clarity": "Clearness; brightness; splendor. Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity, Innumerable virgin graces row. Beaumont.", - "clark": null, - "clarke": null, - "clarksville": null, "clash": "1. To make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily together. 2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to come onto collision; to interfere. However some of his interests might clash with those of the chief adjacent colony. Palfrey.\n\nTo strike noisily against or together.\n\n1. A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a collision. The roll of cannon and clash of arms. Tennyson. 2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, etc. Clashes between popes and kings. Denham.", "clashed": null, "clashes": null, @@ -13753,18 +11754,9 @@ "clattered": null, "clattering": null, "clatters": "1. To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds. Clattering loud with clamk. Longfellow. 2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the tongue. I see thou dost but clatter. Spenser.\n\nTo make a rattling noise with. You clatter still your brazen kettle. Swift.\n\n1. A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds. The goose let fall a golden egg With cackle and with clatter. Tennyson. 2. Commotion; disturbance. \"Those mighty feats which made such a clatter in story.\" Barrow. 3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter. \"Hold still thy clatter.\" Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ). Throw by your clatter And handle the matter. B. Jonson", - "claude": null, - "claudette": null, - "claudia": null, - "claudine": null, - "claudio": null, - "claudius": null, - "claus": null, "clausal": null, "clause": "1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document. The usual attestation clause to a will. Bouvier. 2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate.\n\nSee Letters clause or close, under Letter.", "clauses": "1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document. The usual attestation clause to a will. Bouvier. 2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate.\n\nSee Letters clause or close, under Letter.", - "clausewitz": null, - "clausius": null, "claustrophobia": null, "claustrophobic": null, "clavichord": "A keyed stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See Clarichord.", @@ -13781,7 +11773,6 @@ "clayey": "Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.", "clayier": null, "clayiest": null, - "clayton": null, "clean": "1. Free from dirt or filth; as, clean clothes. 2. Free from that which is useless or injurious; without defects; as, clean land; clean timber. 3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit; dexterous; as, aclean trick; a clean leap over a fence. 4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a clean style. 5. Free from restraint or neglect; complete; entire. When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of corners of thy field. Le 6. Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure. Create in me a clean heart, O God. Ps. li. 10 That I am whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven Tennyson. 7. (Script.) Free from ceremonial defilement. 8. Free from that which is corrupting to the morals; pure in tone; healthy. \"Lothair is clean.\" F. Harrison. 9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as, clean limbs. A clean bill of health, a certificate from the proper authrity that a ship is free from infection. -- Clean breach. See under Breach, n., 4. -- To make a clean breast. See under Breast.\n\n1. Without limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely. \"Domestic broils clean overblown.\" Shak. \"Clean contrary.\" Milton. All the people were passed clean over Jordan. Josh. iii. 17. 2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly; dexterously. [Obs.] \"Pope came off clean with Homer.\" Henley.\n\nTo render clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or extraneous; to purify; to cleanse. To clean out, to exhaust; to empty; to get away from (one) all his money. [Colloq.] De Quincey.", "cleanable": null, "cleaned": null, @@ -13807,7 +11798,6 @@ "clear": "1. Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright; light; luminous; unclouded. The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear. Denham. Fair as the moon, clear as the sun. Canticles vi. 10. 2. Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid; perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest; indubitable. One truth is clear; whatever is, is right. Pop 3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute; penetrating; discriminating; as, a clear intellect; a clear head. Mother of science! now I feel thy power Within me clear, not only to discern Things in their causes, but to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton. 4. Not clouded with passion; serene; cheerful. With a countenance as clear As friendship wears at feasts. Shak. 5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible; canorous. Hark! the numbers soft and clear Gently steal upon the ear. Pope. 6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as, clear sand. 7. Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or knots; as, a clear complexion; clear lumber. 8. Free from guilt or stain; unblemished. Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere, In action faithful, and in honor clear. Pope. 9. Without diminution; in full; net; as, clear profit. I often wished that I had clear, For life, six hundred pounds a-year. Swift . 10. Free from impediment or obstruction; unobstructed; as, a clear view; to keep clear of debt. My companion . . . left the way clear for him. Addison. 11. Free from embarrassment; detention, etc. The cruel corporal whispered in my ear, Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me clear. Gay. Clear breach. See under Breach, n., 4. -- Clear days (Law.), days reckoned from one day to another, excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to Sunday there are six clear days. -- Clear stuff, boards, planks, etc., free from knots. Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent; luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct; perspicuous. See Manifest.\n\nFull extent; distance between extreme limits; especially; the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the space between walls; as, a room ten feet square in the clear.\n\n1. In a clear manner; plainly. Now clear I understand What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain. Milton. 2. Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely; as, to cut a piece clear off.\n\n1. To render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from clouds. He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy north. Dryden. 2. To free from impurities; to clarify; to cleanse. 3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive of perplexity; to make perspicuous. Many knotty points there are Which all discuss, but few can clear. Prior. 4. To render more quick or acute, as the understanding; to make perspicacious. Our common prints would clear up their understandings. Addison 5. To free from impediment or incumbrance, from defilement, or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive; as, to clear land of trees or brushwood, or from stones; to clear the sight or the voice; to clear one's self from debt; -- often used with of, off, away, or out. Clear your mind of cant. Dr. Johnson. A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the statuary only clears away the superfluous matter. Addison. 6. To free from the imputation of guilt; to justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with from before the thing imputed. I . . . am sure he will clear me from partiality. Dryden. How! wouldst thou clear rebellion Addison. 7. To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or fallure; as, to clear a hedge; to clear a reef. 8. To gain without deduction; to net. The profit which she cleared on the cargo. Macaulay. To clear a ship at the customhouse, to exhibit the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other acts requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as the law requires. -- To clear a ship for action, or To clear for action (Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks, and prepare for an engagement. -- To clear the land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the land. -- To clear hawse (Naut.), to disentangle the cables when twisted. -- To clear up, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or fears.\n\n1. To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often fallowed by up, off, or away. So foul a sky clears without a strom. Shak. Advise him to stay till the weather clears up. Swift. 2. To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances, distress, or entanglements; to become free. [He that clears at once will relapse; for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs; but he that cleareth by degrees induceth a habit of frugality. Bacon. 3. (Banking) To make exchanges of checks and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing house. 4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer cleared for Liverpool to- day. To clear out, to go or run away; to depart. [Colloq.]", "clearance": "1. The act of clearing; as, to make a through clearance. 2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail. Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped clearances. Durke 3. Clear or net profit. Trollope. 4. (Mach.) The distance by which one object clears another, as the distance between the piston and cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it engages. Clearance space (Steam engine), the space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a single stroke.", "clearances": "1. The act of clearing; as, to make a through clearance. 2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail. Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped clearances. Durke 3. Clear or net profit. Trollope. 4. (Mach.) The distance by which one object clears another, as the distance between the piston and cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it engages. Clearance space (Steam engine), the space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a single stroke.", - "clearasil": null, "cleared": null, "clearer": "1. One who, or that which, clears. Gold is a wonderful clearer of the understanding. Addison. 2. (Naut.) A tool of which the hemp for lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is finished.", "clearest": null, @@ -13835,25 +11825,17 @@ "clefs": "A character used in musical notation to determine the position and pitch of the scale as represented on the staff. Note: The clefs are three in number, called the C, F, and G clefs, and are probably corruptions or modifications of these letters. They indicate that the letters of absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed, are respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions upon the staff. The C clef may have three positions. It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is called soprano clef, upon the third line, in which case it called alto clef, or upon the fourth line, in which case tenor clef. It rarely or never is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music. See other forms of C clef under C, 2. Alto clef, Bass clef. See under Alto, Bass.", "cleft": "from Cleave.\n\n1. Divided; split; partly divided or split. 2. (Bot.) Incised nearly to the midrob; as, a cleft leaf.\n\n1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; as, the cleft of a rock. Is. ii. 21. 2. A piece made by splitting; as, a cleft of wood. 3. (Far.) A disease in horses; a crack on the band of the pastern. Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.", "clefts": "from Cleave.\n\n1. Divided; split; partly divided or split. 2. (Bot.) Incised nearly to the midrob; as, a cleft leaf.\n\n1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; as, the cleft of a rock. Is. ii. 21. 2. A piece made by splitting; as, a cleft of wood. 3. (Far.) A disease in horses; a crack on the band of the pastern. Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.", - "clem": "To starve; to famish. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "clematis": "A genus of flowering plants, of many species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly enlarge in the fruit; -- called also virgin's bower.", "clematises": null, - "clemenceau": null, "clemency": "1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy. Great clemency and tender zeal toward their subjects. Stowe. They had applied for the royal clemency. Macaulay. 2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as, the clemency of the season. Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy; gentleness; compassion; kindness.", - "clemens": null, "clement": "Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate. Shak. -- Clem\"ent*ly, adv.", "clementine": "Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and his compilations of canon law.", "clementines": "Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and his compilations of canon law.", "clemently": null, - "clements": "Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate. Shak. -- Clem\"ent*ly, adv.", - "clemons": null, - "clemson": null, "clench": "See Clinch. CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE Cle`o*pa\"tra's nee\"dle. [So named after Cleopatra, queen of Egypt.] Either of two obelisks which were moved in ancient times from Heliopolis to Alexandria, one of which is now on the Thames Embankment in London, and the other in Central Park, in the City of New York. Some writers consider that only the obelisk now in Central Park is properly called Cleopatra's needle.", "clenched": null, "clenches": null, "clenching": null, - "cleo": null, - "cleopatra": null, "clerestories": null, "clerestory": "The upper story of the nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the aisle roofs.\n\nSame as Clearstory.", "clergies": null, @@ -13872,7 +11854,6 @@ "clerking": null, "clerks": "1. A clergyman or ecclesiastic. [Obs.] All persons were styled clerks that served in the church of Christ. Ayliffe. 2. A man who could read; a scholar; a learned person; a man of letters. [Obs.] \"Every one that could read . . . being accounted a clerk.\" Blackstone. He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well versed in the interests of Europe. Burke. 3. A parish officer, being a layman who leads in reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists in it. [Eng.] Hook. And like unlettered clerk still cry \"Amen\". Shak. 4. One employed to keep records or accounts; a scribe; an accountant; as, the clerk of a court; a town clerk. The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the bill. Strype. Note: In some cases, clerk is synonymous with secretary. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or department. 5. An assistant in a shop or store. [U. S.]", "clerkship": "State, quality, or business of a clerk.", - "cleveland": null, "clever": "1. Possessing quickness of intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert. Though there were many clever men in England during the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only two great creative minds. Macaulay. Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever. C. Kingsley. 2. Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or former; as, a clever speech; a clever trick. Byron. 3. Having fitness, propriety, or suitableness. \"T would sound more clever To me and to my heirs forever. Swift. 4. Well-shaped; handsome. \"The girl was a tight, clever wench as any was.\" Arbuthnot. 5. Good-natured; obliging. [U. S.] Syn. -- See Smart.", "cleverer": null, "cleverest": null, @@ -13884,7 +11865,6 @@ "clewed": null, "clewing": null, "clews": "1. A ball of thread, yarn, or cord; also, The thread itself. Untwisting his deceitful clew. Spenser. 2. That which guides or directs one in anything of a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the solution of a mystery. The clew, without which it was perilous to enter the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his hands. Macaulay. 3. (Naut.) (a.) A lower corner of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore- and-aft sail. (b.) A loop and thimbles at the corner of a sail. (c.) A combination of lines or nettles by which a hammock is suspended. Clew garnet (Naut.), one of the ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels are drawn up to the lower yards. -- Clew line (Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is run up to its yard. -- Clew-line block (Naut.), The block through which a clew line reeves. See Illust. of Block.\n\n1. To direct; to guide, as by a thread. [Obs.] Direct and clew me out the way to happiness. Beau. && Fl. 2. (Naut.) To move of draw (a sail or yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard. To clew down (Naut.), to force (a yard) down by hauling on the clew lines. -- To clew up (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard, as for furling.", - "cliburn": null, "cliche": "A stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief. Cliché casting, a mode of obtaining an impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming solid; also, the casting so obtained.", "cliched": null, "cliches": "A stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief. Cliché casting, a mode of obtaining an impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming solid; also, the casting so obtained.", @@ -13904,11 +11884,9 @@ "cliffhanger": null, "cliffhangers": null, "cliffhanging": null, - "clifford": null, "cliffs": "A high, steep rock; a precipice. Cliff swallow (Zoöl.), a North American swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which builds its nest against cliffs; the eaves swallow.\n\nSee Clef. [Obs.]", "clifftop": null, "clifftops": null, - "clifton": null, "climacteric": "Relating to a climacteric; critical.\n\n1. A period in human life in which some great change is supposed to take place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year. 2. Any critical period. It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the grand climacterics of the world. Southey. Grand or Great climacteric, the sixty-third year of human life. I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by them; nor begin, in my grand climacteric, to squall in their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics. Burke.", "climactic": "Of or pertaining to a climax; forming, or of the nature of, a climax, or ascending series. A fourth kind of parallelism . . . is still sufficiently marked to be noticed by the side of those described by Lowth, viz., climactic parallelism (sometimes called \"ascending rhythm\"). S. R. Driver.", "climate": "1. (Anc. Geog.) One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to the equator, into which the surface of the earth from the equator to the pole was divided, according to the successive increase of the length of the midsummer day. 2. The condition of a place in relation to various phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc., especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.\n\nTo dwell. [Poetic] Shak.", @@ -13937,7 +11915,6 @@ "clinchers": "1. One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds fast. Pope. 2. That which ends a dispute or controversy; a decisive argument.", "clinches": null, "clinching": null, - "cline": null, "cling": "To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine clings to its support; -- usually followed by to or together. And what hath life for thee That thou shouldst cling to it thus Mrs. Hemans.\n\n1. To cause to adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching. [Obs.] I clung legs as close to his side as I could. Swift. 2. To make to dry up or wither. [Obs.] If thou speak'st false, Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive, Till famine cling thee. Shak.\n\nAdherence; attachment; devotion. [R.] A more tenacious cling to worldly respects. Milton.", "clinger": null, "clingers": null, @@ -13959,9 +11936,6 @@ "clinkers": "1. A mass composed of several bricks run together by the action of the fire in the kiln. 2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag. 3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in forging. 4. A kind of brick. See Dutch klinker, under Dutch.", "clinking": null, "clinks": "To cause to give out a slight, sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or other sonorous bodies together. And let me the canakin clink. Shak.\n\n1. To give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound. \"The clinking latch.\" Tennyson. 2. To rhyme. [Humorous]. Cowper.\n\nA slight, sharp, tinkling sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies. \"Clink and fall of swords.\" Shak.", - "clint": null, - "clinton": null, - "clio": "The Muse who presided over history.", "cliometric": null, "cliometrician": null, "cliometricians": null, @@ -13987,7 +11961,6 @@ "clitoris": "A small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the penis in the male.", "clitorises": null, "clits": null, - "clive": null, "cloaca": "1. A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of Rome. 2. A privy. 3. (Anat.) The common chamber into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.", "cloacae": null, "cloak": "1. A loose outer garment, extending from the neck downwards, and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a cape, and is worn both by men and by women. 2. That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover. No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears religion otherwise than as a cloak. South. Cloak bag, a bag in which a cloak or other clothes are carried; a portmanteau. Shak.\n\nTo cover with, or as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal. Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her matter. Spenser. Syn. -- See Palliate.", @@ -14024,7 +11997,6 @@ "cloistering": null, "cloisters": "1. An inclosed place. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a court; (pl.) the series of such passages on the different sides of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a college. But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale. Milton. 3. A monastic establishment; a place for retirement from the world for religious duties. Fitter for a cloister than a crown. Daniel. Cloister garth (Arch.), the garden or open part of a court inclosed by the cloisters. Syn. -- Cloister, Monastery, Nunnery, Convent, Abbey, Priory. Cloister and convent are generic terms, and denote a place of seclusion from the world for persons who devote their lives to religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive idea of cloister is that of seclusion from the world, that of convent, community of living. Both terms denote houses for recluses of either sex. A cloister or convent for monks is called a monastery; for nuns, a nunnery. An abbey is a convent or monastic institution governed by an abbot or an abbess; a priory is one governed by a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated to an abbey.\n\nTo confine in, or as in, a cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure. None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious persons but those that cloister themselves up in a monastery. Sharp.", "cloistral": "Of, pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse. [Written also cloisteral.] Best become a cloistral exercise. Daniel.", - "clojure": null, "clomp": "See Clamp.", "clomped": null, "clomping": null, @@ -14043,8 +12015,6 @@ "clopped": null, "clopping": null, "clops": null, - "clorets": null, - "clorox": null, "close": "1. To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to close the eyes; to close a door. 2. To bring together the parts of; to consolidate; as, to close the ranks of an army; -- often used with up. 3. To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to close a bargain; to close a course of instruction. One frugal supper did our studies close. Dryden. 4. To come or gather around; to inclose; to encompass; to confine. The depth closed me round about. Jonah ii. 5. But now thou dost thyself immure and close In some one corner of a feeble heart. Herbert. A closed sea, a sea within the jurisdiction of some particular nation, which controls its navigation.\n\n1. To come together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound, or parts separated. What deep wounds ever closed without a scar Byron. 2. To end, terminate, or come to a period; as, the debate closed at six o'clock. 3. To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand fight. They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest. Prescott. To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or join in. \"Would induce France and Holland to close upon some measures between them to our disadvantage.\" Sir W. Temple. -- To close with. (a) To accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to close with the terms proposed. (b) To make an agreement with. -- To close with the land (Naut.), to approach the land.\n\n1. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction. [Obs.] The doors of plank were; their close exquisite. Chapman. 2. Conclusion; cessation; ending; end. His long and troubled life was drawing to a close. Macaulay. 3. A grapple in wrestling. Bacon. 4. (Mus.) (a) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence. (b) A double bar marking the end. At every close she made, the attending throng Replied, and bore the burden of the song. Dryden. Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending; extremity; extreme.\n\n1. An inclosed place; especially, a small field or piece of land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind; -- specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey. Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons. Macaulay. 2. A narrow passage leading from a street to a court, and the houses within. [Eng.] Halliwell 3. (Law) The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not inclosed. Bouvier.\n\n1. Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box. From a close bower this dainty music flowed. Dryden. 2. Narrow; confined; as, a close alley; close quarters. \"A close prison.\" Dickens. 3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather, etc. If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air close, . . . and the other maketh it exceeding unequal. Bacon. 4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a close prisoner. 5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret; hidden. \"He yet kept himself close because of Saul.\" 1 Chron. xii. 1 \"Her close intent.\" Spenser. 6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive; reticent. \"For servecy, no lady closer.\" Shak. 7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid; compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile, as applied to liquids. The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made itself way through the pores of that very close metal. Locke. 8. Concise; to the point; as, close reasoning. \"Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.\" Dryden. 9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or thought; -- often followed by to. Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall. Mortimer. The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very close thing -- not a faint hearsay. G. Eliot. 10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair close. 11. Intimate; familiar; confidential. League with you I seek And mutual amity, so strait, so close, That I with you must dwell, or you with me. Milton. 12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a close vote. \"A close contest.\" Prescott. 13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is close. Bartlett. 14. Parsimonious; stingy. \"A crusty old fellow, as close as a vise.\" Hawthorne. 15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact; strict; as, a close translation. Locke. 16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict; not wandering; as, a close observer. 17. (Phon.) Uttered with a relatively contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of e and o in French, Italian, and German; -- opposed to open. Close borough. See under Borough. -- Close breeding. See under Breeding. -- Close communion, communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have received baptism by immersion. -- Close corporation, a body or corporation which fills its own vacancies. -- Close fertilization. (Bot.) See Fertilization. -- Close harmony (Mus.), compact harmony, in which the tones composing each chord are not widely distributed over several octaves. -- Close time, a fixed period during which killing game or catching certain fish is prohibited by law. -- Close vowel (Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the cavity of the mouth. -- Close to the wind (Naut.), directed as nearly to the point from which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; -- said of a vessel.\n\n1. In a close manner. 2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.] A wondrous vision which did close imply The course of all her fortune and posterity. Spenser.", "closed": null, "closefisted": "Covetous; niggardly. Bp. Berkeley. \"Closefisted contractors.\" Hawthorne.", @@ -14080,7 +12050,6 @@ "clothier": "1. One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth. Hayward. 2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and sells clothes.", "clothiers": "1. One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth. Hayward. 2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and sells clothes.", "clothing": "1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering. From others he shall stand in need of nothing, Yet on his brothers shall depend for clothing. Milton. As for me, . . . my clothing was sackloth. Ps. xxxv. 13 2. The art of process of making cloth. [R.] Instructing [refugees] in the art of clothing. Ray. 3. A covering of non-conducting material on the outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of heat. Knight. 4. (Mach.) See Card clothing, under 3d Card.", - "clotho": null, "cloths": "1. A fabric made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in wire cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen, adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics, as distinguished from all others. 2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See Clothes. I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and bread. Quarles. 3. The distinctive dress of any profession, especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical profession. Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit so gross an insult to be offered to their cloth Macaulay. The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . . every axiom. I. Taylor. Body cloth. See under Body. -- Cloth of gold, a fabric woven wholly or partially of threads of gold. -- Cloth measure, the measure of length and surface by which cloth is measured and sold. For this object the standard yard is usually divided into quarters and nails. -- Cloth paper, a coarse kind of paper used in pressing and finishing woolen cloth. -- Cloth shearer, one who shears cloth and frees it from superfluous nap.", "clots": "A concretion or coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood; a coagulum. \"Clots of pory gore.\" Addison. Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began to poach. Bacon. Note: Clod and clot appear to be radically the same word, and are so used by early writers; but in present use clod is applied to a mass of earth or the like, and clot to a concretion or coagulation of soft matter.\n\nTo concrete, coagulate, or thicken, as soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot or clod.\n\nTo form into a slimy mass.", "clotted": "Composed of clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky; slimy; foul. \"The clotted glebe.\" J. Philips. When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward parts, The soul grows clotted by contagion. Milton.", @@ -14098,7 +12067,6 @@ "cloudless": "Without a cloud; clear; bright. A cloudless winter sky. Bankroft. -- Cloud\"less*ly, adv. -- Cloud\"less*ness, n.", "clouds": "1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery particles, susponded in the upper atmosphere. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13. Note: A classification of clouds according to their chief forms was first proposed by the meteorologist Howard, and this is still substantially employed. The following varieties and subvarieties are recognized: (a) Cirrus. This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin, long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike patches. It is the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the mare's-tail of the landsman. (b) Cumulus. This form appears in large masses of a hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts. (c) Stratus. This form appears in layers or bands extending horizontally. (d) Nimbus. This form is characterized by its uniform gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of continued rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper rain cloud. The name is sometimes used to denote a raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. (e) Cirro-cumulus. This form consists, like the cirrus, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is popularly called mackerel sky. (f) Cirro-stratus. In this form the patches of cirrus coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus. (g) Cumulo-stratus. A form between cumulus and stratus, often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint. -- Fog, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near or in contact with the earth's surface. -- Storm scud, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven rapidly with the wind. 2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust, resembling vapor. \"A thick cloud of incense.\" Ezek. viii. 11. 3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in marble; hence, a blemish or defect; as, a cloud upon one's reputation; a cloud on a title. 4. That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or depresses; as, a cloud of sorrow; a cloud of war; a cloud upon the intellect. 5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast collection. \"So great a cloud of witnesses.\" Heb. xii. 1. 6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women about the head. Cloud on a (or the) title (Law), a defect of title, usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision in equity, or legislation. -- To be under a cloud, to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be in disfavor. -- In the clouds, in the realm of facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.\n\n1. To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky is clouded. 2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen. One day too late, I fear me, noble lord, Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth. Shak. Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those looks. Milton. Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs their honesty like prejudice. M. Arnold. 3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to damage; -- esp. used of reputation or character. I would not be a stander-by to hear My sovereign mistress clouded so, without My present vengeance taken. Shak. 4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to variegate with colors; as, to cloud yarn. And the nice conduct of a clouded cane. Pope.\n\nTo grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; -- often used with up. Worthies, away! The scene begins to cloud. Shak.", "cloudy": "1. Overcast or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy sky. 2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds. As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended. Ex. xxxiii. 9 3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-nature; not open or cheerful. \"A cloudy countenance.\" Shak. 4. Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark. Cloudy and confused notions of things. Watts. 5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster. \"A cloudy diamond.\" Boyle. 6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or various hues, as marble.", - "clouseau": null, "clout": "1. A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a rag. His garments, nought but many ragged clouts, With thorns together pinned and patched was. Spenser. A clout upon that head where late the diadem stood. Shak. 2. A swadding cloth. 3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. The center of the butt at which archers shoot; -- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head. A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the clout. Shak. 5. An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to keep it from wearing; a washer. 6. A blow with the hand. [Low] Clout nail, a kind of wrought-iron nail heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for various purposes.\n\n1. To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage; patch, or mend, with a clout. And old shoes and clouted upon their feet. Josh. ix. 5. Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . . clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers. Latimer. 2. To join or patch clumsily. If fond Bavius vent his clouted song. P. Fletcher 3. To quard with an iron plate, as an axletree. 4. To give a blow to; to strike. [Low] The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and clouted Olivarez about the noddle with it. Howell. 5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole. Clouted cream, clotted cream, i. e., cream obtained by warming new milk. A. Philips. Note: \"Clouted brogues\" in Shakespeare and \"clouted shoon\" in Milton have been understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by others, patched shoes.", "clouted": null, "clouting": null, @@ -14111,7 +12079,6 @@ "cloverleaves": null, "clovers": "A plant of differend species of the genus Trifolium; as the common red clover, T. pratense, the white, T. repens, and the hare's foot, T. arvense. Clover weevil (Zoöl.) a small weevil (Apion apricans), that destroys the seeds of clover. -- Clover worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Asopia costalis), often very destructive to clover hay. -- In clover, in very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. [Colloq.] - - Sweet clover. See Meliot.", "cloves": "imp. of Cleave. Cleft. Spenser. Clove hitch (Naut.) See under Hitch. -- Clove hook (Naut.), an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping, used in bending chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also clip hook. Knight.\n\nA cleft; a gap; a ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; as, Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.\n\nA very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree (Eugenia, or Caryophullus, aromatica), a native of the Molucca Isles. Clove camphor. (Chem.) See Eugenin. -- Clove gillyflower, Clove pink (Bot.), any fragrant self-colored carnation.\n\n1. (Bot.) One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic. Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what gardeners call cloves. Lindley. 2. A weight. A clove of cheese is about eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "clovis": null, "clown": "1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward fellow; an illbred person; a boor. Sir P. Sidney. 2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a churl. The clown, the child of nature, without guile. Cowper. 3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus, etc. The clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickle o'the sere. Shak.\n\nTo act as a clown; -- with it [Obs.] Beclowns it properly indeed. B. Jonson.", "clowned": null, "clowning": null, @@ -14180,15 +12147,9 @@ "cluttered": null, "cluttering": null, "clutters": "1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a clutter. He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and spits. L'Estrange. 2. Clatter; confused noise. Swift.\n\nTo crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room.\n\nTo make a confused noise; to bustle. It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there. Tennyson.\n\nTo clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] Holland.", - "clyde": null, - "clydesdale": "One of a breed of heavy draft horses originally from Clydesdale, Scotland. They are about sixteen hands high and usually brown or bay.", - "clytemnestra": null, "cm": null, - "cmdr": null, "cnidarian": null, "cnidarians": null, - "cnn": null, - "cns": null, "co": null, "coach": "1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for the driver. Note: Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry. Mail coaches and tallyho coaches often have three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more. 2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew for a race. [Colloq.] Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester coach. G. Eliot. 3. (Naut.) A cabin on the after part of the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain. [Written also couch.] [Obs.] The commanders came on board and the council sat in the coach. Pepys. 4. (Railroad) A first-class passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing- room car, sleeping car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.\n\n1. To convey in a coach. Pope. 2. To prepare for public examination by private instruction; to train by special instruction. [Colloq.] I coached him before he got his scholarship. G. Eliot.\n\nTo drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it. [Colloq.] \"Coaching it to all quarters.\" E. Waterhouse.", "coached": null, @@ -14272,9 +12233,7 @@ "coaxing": null, "coaxingly": "In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.", "cob": "1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] W. Gifford. 2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous person. [Obs.] All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags their god, are called rich cobs. Nash. 3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow. [U. S.] 4. (Zoöl.) A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head. 5. (Zoöl.) A young herring. B. Jonson. 6. (Zoöl.) A fish; -- also called miller's thumb. 7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle. [Eng.] 8. (Zoöl.) A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus). [Written also cobb.] 9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone. 10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See Cobnut. [Eng.] 11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.] The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for his walls, and thatch for his covering. R. Carew. 12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood. Wright. 13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.] Wright. Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also cobbles. Grose. -- Cob loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.\n\n1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions. Raymond. 3. (Naut.) To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.", - "cobain": null, "cobalt": "1. (Chem.) A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co. Note: It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic, sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron. 2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison. Cobalt bloom. Same as Erythrite. -- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also cobalt ultramarine, and Thenard's blue. -- Cobalt crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. -- Cobalt glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite. -- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also Rinman's green. -- Cobalt yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder, regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.", - "cobb": null, "cobber": null, "cobbers": null, "cobble": "A fishing boat. See Coble.\n\n1. A cobblestone. \"Their slings held cobbles round.\" Fairfax. 2. pl. Cob coal. See under Cob.\n\n1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to cobble shoes. Shak. \"A cobbled saddle.\" Thackeray. 2. To make clumsily. \"Cobbled rhymes.\" Dryden. 3. To pave with cobblestones.", @@ -14287,8 +12246,6 @@ "cobbling": null, "cobnut": "1. (Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut. 2. A game played by children with nuts.", "cobnuts": "1. (Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut. 2. A game played by children with nuts.", - "cobol": null, - "cobols": null, "cobra": "See Copra.\n\nThe cobra de capello.", "cobras": "See Copra.\n\nThe cobra de capello.", "cobs": "1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] W. Gifford. 2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous person. [Obs.] All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags their god, are called rich cobs. Nash. 3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow. [U. S.] 4. (Zoöl.) A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head. 5. (Zoöl.) A young herring. B. Jonson. 6. (Zoöl.) A fish; -- also called miller's thumb. 7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle. [Eng.] 8. (Zoöl.) A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus). [Written also cobb.] 9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone. 10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See Cobnut. [Eng.] 11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.] The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for his walls, and thatch for his covering. R. Carew. 12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood. Wright. 13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.] Wright. Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also cobbles. Grose. -- Cob loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.\n\n1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions. Raymond. 3. (Naut.) To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.", @@ -14305,15 +12262,11 @@ "coccus": "1. (Bot.) One of the separable carpels of a dry fruit. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of hemipterous insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect (Coccus cacti). 3. (Biol.) A form of bacteria, shaped like a globule.", "coccyges": null, "coccyx": "The end of the vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys. It is composed of several vertebræ more or less consolidated.", - "cochabamba": null, - "cochin": null, "cochineal": "A dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of females of the Coccus cacti, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc., and found on several species of cactus, esp. Opuntia cochinellifera. Note: These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or purple color, and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used for making carmine, and also as a red dye. Note: Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which yields carmine red.", - "cochise": null, "cochlea": "An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.", "cochleae": null, "cochlear": "Of or pertaining to the cochlea.", "cochleas": "An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.", - "cochran": null, "cock": "1. The male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic fowls. 2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a weathercock. Drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! Shak. 3. A chief man; a leader or master. [Humorous] Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since he left us. Addison. 4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the morning; cockcrow. [Obs.] He begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock. Shak. 5. A faucet or valve. Note: Jonsons says, \"The handly probably had a cock on the top; things that were contrived to turn seem anciently to have had that form, whatever was the reason.\" Skinner says, because it used to be constructed in forma critæ galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's comb. 6. The style of gnomon of a dial. Chambers. 7. The indicator of a balance. Johnson. 8. The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the pivot of a balance in a clock or watch. Knight. Ball cock. See under Ball. -- Chaparral cock. See under Chaparral. -- Cock and bull story, an extravagant, boastful story; a canard. -- Cock of the plains (Zoöl.) See Sage cock. -- Cock of the rock (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Rupicola aurantia) having a beautiful crest. -- Cock of the walk, a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or competitors. -- Cock of the woods. See Capercailzie.\n\n1. To set erect; to turn up. Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears. Gay. Dick would cock his nose in scorn. Swift. 2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the brim. 3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty manner. They cocked their hats in each other's faces. Macaulay. 4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close its lid, as an expression of derision or insinuation. Cocked hat. (a) A hat with large, stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form triangular; -- called also three-cornered hat. (b) A game similar to ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up at the angles of a triangle.\n\nTo strut; to swagger; to look big, pert, or menacing. Addison.\n\nThe act of cocking; also, the turn so given; as, a cock of the eyes; to give a hat a saucy cock.\n\n1. The notch of an arrow or crossbow. 2. The hammer in the lock of a firearm. At cock, At full cock, with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant action. -- At half cock. See under Half. -- Cock feather (Archery), the feather of an arrow at right angles to the direction of the cock or notch. Nares.\n\nTo draw the hammer of (a firearm) fully back and set it for firing.\n\nTo draw back the hammer of a firearm, and set it for firing. Cocked, fired, and missed his man. Byron.\n\nA small concial pile of hay.\n\nTo put into cocks or heaps, as hay. Under the cocked hay. Spenser.\n\nA small boat. Yond tall anchoring bark [appears] Diminished to her cock; her cock, a buoy Almost too small for sight. Shak.\n\nA corruption or disguise of the word God, used in oaths. [Obs.] \"By cock and pie.\" Shak.", "cockade": "A badge, usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military or naval officer. Seduced by military liveries and cockades. Burke.", "cockades": "A badge, usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military or naval officer. Seduced by military liveries and cockades. Burke.", @@ -14369,7 +12322,6 @@ "cocooning": null, "cocoons": "1. An oblong case in which the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state. It is formed of threads of silk spun by the worm just before leaving the larval state. From these the silk of commerce is prepared. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The case constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa. (b) The case of silk made by spiders to protect their eggs. (c) The egg cases of mucus, etc., made by leeches and other worms.", "cocos": "See Cocoa.", - "cocteau": null, "cod": "1. A husk; a pod; as, a peascod. [Eng.] Mortimer. 2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.] Halliwell. 3. The scortum. Dunglison. 4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nAn important edible fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large quantities. Note: There are several varieties; as shore cod, from shallow water; bank cod, from the distant banks; and rock cod, which is found among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The tomcod is a distinct species of small size. The bastard, blue, buffalo, or cultus cod of the Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See Buffalo cod, under Buffalo. Cod fishery, the business of fishing for cod. -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread line used in catching codfish. McElrath.", "coda": "A few measures added beyond the natural termination of a composition.", "codas": "A few measures added beyond the natural termination of a composition.", @@ -14411,7 +12363,6 @@ "codpieces": "A part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very conspicuous. Shak. Fosbroke.", "cods": "1. A husk; a pod; as, a peascod. [Eng.] Mortimer. 2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.] Halliwell. 3. The scortum. Dunglison. 4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nAn important edible fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large quantities. Note: There are several varieties; as shore cod, from shallow water; bank cod, from the distant banks; and rock cod, which is found among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The tomcod is a distinct species of small size. The bastard, blue, buffalo, or cultus cod of the Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See Buffalo cod, under Buffalo. Cod fishery, the business of fishing for cod. -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread line used in catching codfish. McElrath.", "codswallop": null, - "cody": null, "coed": null, "coeds": null, "coeducation": "An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or races. Co*ed`u*ca\"tion*al (, a.", @@ -14456,7 +12407,6 @@ "cofferdam": "A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.", "cofferdams": "A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.", "coffers": "1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used for keeping money or other valuables. Chaucer. In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns. Shak. 2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the plural. He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's coffers, for honor sake. Bacon. Hold, here is half my coffer. Shak. 3. (Arch.) A panel deeply recessed in the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson. 4. (Fort.) A trench dug in the botton of a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to defend it by a raking fire. 5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a cofferdam. Coffer dam. (Engin.) See Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary. -- Coffer fish. (Zoöl.) See Cowfish.\n\n1. To put into a coffer. Bacon. 2. (Mining.) To secure from leaking, as a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering. Raymond. 3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to turnish with a coffer or coffers.", - "coffey": null, "coffin": "1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed for burial. They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a coffin. Gen. 1. 26. 2. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20). 3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for a pie. Of the paste a coffin I will rear. Shak. 4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers. [Obs.] Nares. 5. (Far.) The hollow crust or hoof of a horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin bone. Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse and allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals. -- Coffin joint, the joint next above the coffin bone.\n\nTo inclose in, or as in, a coffin. Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined home Shak. Devotion is not coffined in a cell. John Hall (1646).", "coffined": null, "coffining": null, @@ -14499,10 +12449,8 @@ "cohabited": null, "cohabiting": null, "cohabits": "1. To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or country. The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they were not able to cohabit with that holy thing. South. 2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife. The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place between them. Bouvier. Note: By the common law as existing in the United States, marriage is presumed when a man and woman cohabit permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be husband and wife, and admitting the relationship. Wharton.", - "cohan": null, "coheir": "A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an inheritance.", "coheirs": "A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an inheritance.", - "cohen": null, "cohere": "1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass. Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are united or cohere together. Locke. 2. To be united or connected together in subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically, as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning; to be logically consistent. They have been inserted where they best seemed to cohere. Burke. 3. To suit; to agree; to fit. [Obs.] Had time cohered with place, or place with wishing. Shak. Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit; be consistent.", "cohered": null, "coherence": "1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts of the same body; cohesion. 2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of philosophy; consecutiveness. Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently to be found in him. Locke.", @@ -14531,7 +12479,6 @@ "coiled": null, "coiling": null, "coils": "1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to coil a rope when not in use; the snake coiled itself before springing. 2. To encircle and hold with, or as with, coils. [Obs. or R.] T. Edwards.\n\nTo wind itself cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with about or around. You can see his flery serpents . . . Coiting, playing in the water. Longfellow.\n\n1. A ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other like thing, is wound. The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from trec to tree. W. Irving. 2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity. 3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers, as in a steam heating apparatus. Induction coil. (Elec.) See under Induction. -- Ruhmkorff's coil (Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called from Ruhmkorff (, a prominent manufacturer of the apparatus.\n\nA noise, tumult, bustle, or confusion. [Obs.] Shak.", - "coimbatore": null, "coin": "1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and Quoin. 2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally current as money; -- much used in a collective sense. It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current coin of the realm. Hallam. 3. That which serves for payment or recompense. The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin. Hammond. Coin balance. See Illust. of Balance. -- To pay one in his own coin, to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to coin a medal. 2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin a word. Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To soothe his sister and delude her mind. Dryden. 3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make. Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day. Locke.\n\nTo manufacture counterfeit money. They cannot touch me for coining. Shak.", "coinage": "1. The act or process of converting metal into money. The care of the coinage was committed to the inferior magistrates. Arbuthnot. 2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place. 3. The cost or expense of coining money. 4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged. \"Unnecessary coinage . . . of words.\" Dryden. This is the very coinage of your brain. Shak.", "coinages": "1. The act or process of converting metal into money. The care of the coinage was committed to the inferior magistrates. Arbuthnot. 2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place. 3. The cost or expense of coining money. 4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged. \"Unnecessary coinage . . . of words.\" Dryden. This is the very coinage of your brain. Shak.", @@ -14550,7 +12497,6 @@ "coining": null, "coins": "1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and Quoin. 2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally current as money; -- much used in a collective sense. It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current coin of the realm. Hallam. 3. That which serves for payment or recompense. The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin. Hammond. Coin balance. See Illust. of Balance. -- To pay one in his own coin, to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to coin a medal. 2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin a word. Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To soothe his sister and delude her mind. Dryden. 3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make. Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day. Locke.\n\nTo manufacture counterfeit money. They cannot touch me for coining. Shak.", "coinsurance": "Insurance jointly with another or others; specif., that system of fire insurance in which the insurer is treated as insuring himself to the extent of that part of the risk not covered by his policy, so that any loss is apportioned between him and the insurance company on the principle of average, as in marine insurance or between other insurers.", - "cointreau": null, "coir": "1. A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut. Homans. 2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.", "coital": null, "coitus": null, @@ -14563,8 +12509,6 @@ "colander": "A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.", "colanders": "A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.", "colas": "(a) A genus of sterculiaceous trees, natives of tropical Africa, esp. Guinea, but now naturalized in tropical America, esp. in the West Indies and Brazil. (b) Same as Cola nut, below.\n\nL. pl. of Colon.", - "colbert": null, - "colby": null, "cold": "1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. \"The snowy top of cold Olympis.\" Milton. 2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold. 3. Not pungent or acrid. \"Cold plants.\" Bacon 4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved. A cold and unconcerned spectator. T. Burnet. No cold relation is a zealous citizen. Burke. 5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. \"Cold news for me.\" \"Cold comfort.\" Shak. 6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting. What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of life in! B. Jonson. The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a second scene. Addison. 7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold scent. 8. Not sensitive; not acute. Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose. Shak. 9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed. 10. (Paint.) Having a bluish effect. Cf. Warm, 8. Cold abscess. See under Abscess. -- Cold blast See under Blast, n., 2. Cold blood. See under Blood, n., 8. -- Cold chill, an ague fit. Wright. -- Cold chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for cutting cold metal. Weale. -- Cold cream. See under Cream. -- Cold slaw. See Cole slaw. -- In cold blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately. He was slain in cold blood after thefight was over. Sir W. Scott. To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with neglect. Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.\n\n1. The relative absence of heat or warmth. 2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or chillness. When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart. Dryden. 3. (Med.) A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh. Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any disease attended with fever. -- To leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect him. [Colloq.] Cold, v. i. To become cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "coldblooded": null, "colder": null, @@ -14572,21 +12516,13 @@ "coldly": "In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly. Withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of your grievances. Shak.", "coldness": "The state or quality of being cold.", "colds": "1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. \"The snowy top of cold Olympis.\" Milton. 2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold. 3. Not pungent or acrid. \"Cold plants.\" Bacon 4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved. A cold and unconcerned spectator. T. Burnet. No cold relation is a zealous citizen. Burke. 5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. \"Cold news for me.\" \"Cold comfort.\" Shak. 6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting. What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of life in! B. Jonson. The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a second scene. Addison. 7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold scent. 8. Not sensitive; not acute. Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose. Shak. 9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed. 10. (Paint.) Having a bluish effect. Cf. Warm, 8. Cold abscess. See under Abscess. -- Cold blast See under Blast, n., 2. Cold blood. See under Blood, n., 8. -- Cold chill, an ague fit. Wright. -- Cold chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for cutting cold metal. Weale. -- Cold cream. See under Cream. -- Cold slaw. See Cole slaw. -- In cold blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately. He was slain in cold blood after thefight was over. Sir W. Scott. To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with neglect. Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.\n\n1. The relative absence of heat or warmth. 2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or chillness. When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart. Dryden. 3. (Med.) A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh. Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any disease attended with fever. -- To leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect him. [Colloq.] Cold, v. i. To become cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "cole": "A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of B. oleracea called rape and coleseed.", - "coleen": null, - "coleman": null, - "coleridge": null, "coleslaw": "A salad made of sliced cabbage.", - "colette": null, "coleus": "A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or variegated leaves.", "coleuses": null, "coley": null, "coleys": null, - "colfax": null, - "colgate": null, "colic": "A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera. Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the bile duct. -- Intestinal colic, or Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of the intestines by gas. -- Lead colic, Painter's colic, a violent form of intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation, produced by chronic lead poisoning. -- Renal colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a calculus from the kidney through the ureter. -- Wind colic. See Intestinal colic, above.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels. Milton. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the colon; as, the colic arteries.", "colicky": "Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky disorder.", - "colin": "The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to other related species. See Bobwhite.", "coliseum": "The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also Colosseum.]", "coliseums": "The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also Colosseum.]", "colitis": "An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane; colonitis.", @@ -14674,8 +12610,6 @@ "colliers": "1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal. 2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.", "colliery": "1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to it. 2. The coal trade. [Obs.] Johnson.", "collies": "The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks. [Written also colly, colley.]", - "collin": "A very pure form of gelatin.", - "collins": "A very pure form of gelatin.", "collision": "1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing. 2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference. The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton. Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving. Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.", "collisions": "1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing. 2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference. The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton. Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving. Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.", "collocate": "Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nTo set or place; to set; to station. To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. E. Hall.", @@ -14702,13 +12636,8 @@ "colluding": null, "collusion": "1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning. The foxe, maister of collusion. Spenser. That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and collusion. Atterbury. By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad and the price excessive. Swift. 2. (Law) An agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law. Bouvier. Abbott. Syn. -- Collusion, Connivance. A person who is guilty of connivance intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent purposes.", "collusive": "1. Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion. \"Collusive and sophistical arguings.\" J. Trapp. \"Collusive divorces.\" Strype. 2. Acting in collusion. \"Collusive parties.\" Burke. -- Col*lu\"sive*ly, adv. -- Col*lu\"sive*ness, n.", - "colo": null, "cologne": "A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de cologne.", "colognes": "A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de cologne.", - "colombia": null, - "colombian": null, - "colombians": null, - "colombo": "See Calumba.", "colon": "1. (Anat.) That part of the large intestines which extends from the cæcum to the rectum. Note: [See Illust of Digestion.] 2. (Gram.) A point or character, formed thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a conjunction.", "colonel": "The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier general.", "colonelcy": "The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.", @@ -14740,10 +12669,6 @@ "colophon": "An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book. The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the book. De Morgan. The book was uninjured from title page to colophon. Sir W. Scott.", "colophons": "An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book. The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the book. De Morgan. The book was uninjured from title page to colophon. Sir W. Scott.", "color": "1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay colors; sad colors, etc. Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which rays of light produce different effects according to the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which fall upon them. 2. Any hue distinguished from white or black. 3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits; ruddy complexion. Give color to my pale cheek. Shak. 4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as, oil colors or water colors. 5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance. They had let down the boat into the sea, under color as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship. Acts xxvii. 30. That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want a color for his death. Shak. 6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species. Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this color. Shak. 7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol (usually in the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship or regiment; the colors of a race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the jockey). In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery has two colors, one national and one regimental. Farrow. 8. (Law) An apparent right; as where the defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from the jury to the court. Blackstone. Note: Color is express when it is asverred in the pleading, and implied when it is implied in the pleading. Body color. See under Body. -- Color blindness, total or partial inability to distinguish or recognize colors. See Daltonism. -- Complementary color, one of two colors so related to each other that when blended together they produce white light; -- so called because each color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption. -- Of color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race; -- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood, pure or mixed. -- Primary colors, those developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes called fundamental colors. -- Subjective or Accidental color, a false or spurious color seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation. See Accidental colors, under Accidental.\n\n1. To change or alter the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to aint; to stain. The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that color. Sir I. Newton. 2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting; to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible; to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were colored by his prejudices. He colors the falsehood of Æneas by an express command from Jupiter to forsake the queen. Dryden. 3. To hide. [Obs.] That by his fellowship he color might Both his estate and love from skill of any wight. Spenser.\n\nTo acquire color; to turn red, especially in the face; to blush.", - "coloradan": null, - "coloradans": null, - "colorado": null, - "coloradoan": null, "colorant": null, "colorants": null, "coloration": "The act or art of coloring; the state of being colored. Bacon. The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of coloration. Darwin.", @@ -14774,7 +12699,6 @@ "colorways": null, "colossal": "1. Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue. \"A colossal stride.\" Motley. 2. (Sculpture & Painting) Of a size larger than heroic. See Heroic.", "colossally": null, - "colosseum": "The amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome. [Also written Coliseum.]", "colossi": null, "colossus": "1. A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome, the Colossus of Apollo at Rhodes. He doth bestride the narrow world Like a colossus. Shak. Note: There is no authority for the statement that the legs of the Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the harbor. Dr. Wm. Smith. 2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.", "colostomies": null, @@ -14783,12 +12707,9 @@ "cols": "- (with, together. See Com-.\n\nA short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a ridge.", "colt": "1. The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; -- sometimes distinctively applied to the male, filly being the female. Cf. Foal. Note: In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next preceding the birth of the animal. 2. A young, foolish fellow. Shak. 3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of punishment in the navy. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Colt's tooth, an imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses. -- To cast one's colt's tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness. \"Your colt's tooth is not cast yet.\" Shak. -- To have a colt's tooth, to be wanton. Chaucer.\n\nTo frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly. [Obs.] They shook off their bridles and began to colt. Spenser.\n\n1. To horse; to get with young. Shak. 2. To befool. [Obs.] Shak.", "coltish": "Like a colt; wanton; frisky. He was all coltish, full of ragery. Chaucer. -- Colt\"ish*ly, adv. -- Colt\"ish*ness, n.", - "coltrane": null, "colts": "1. The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; -- sometimes distinctively applied to the male, filly being the female. Cf. Foal. Note: In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next preceding the birth of the animal. 2. A young, foolish fellow. Shak. 3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of punishment in the navy. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Colt's tooth, an imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses. -- To cast one's colt's tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness. \"Your colt's tooth is not cast yet.\" Shak. -- To have a colt's tooth, to be wanton. Chaucer.\n\nTo frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly. [Obs.] They shook off their bridles and began to colt. Spenser.\n\n1. To horse; to get with young. Shak. 2. To befool. [Obs.] Shak.", - "columbia": "America; the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in honor of Columbus, the discoverer. Dr. T. Dwight.", "columbine": "Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored. \"Columbine innocency.\" Bacon.\n\n1. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Aquilegia; as, A. vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A. Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North America. 2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes. Brewer.", "columbines": "Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored. \"Columbine innocency.\" Bacon.\n\n1. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Aquilegia; as, A. vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A. Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North America. 2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes. Brewer.", - "columbus": null, "column": "1. (Arch.) A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See Order. 2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or obelisk; as, a column of air, of water, of mercury, etc. ; the Column Vendôme; the spinal column. 3. (Mil.) (a) A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; -- contradistinguished from line. Compare Ploy, and Deploy. (b) A small army. 4. (Naut.) A number of ships so arranged as to follow one another in single or double file or in squadrons; -- in distinction from \"line\", where they are side by side. 5. (Print.) A perpendicular set of lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other matter by a rule or blank space; as, a column in a newspaper. 6. (Arith.) A perpendicular line of figures. 7. (Bot.) The body formed by the union of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil in the orchids. Attached column. See under Attach, v. t. -- Clustered column. See under Cluster, v. t. -- Column rule, a thin strip of brass separating columns of type in the form, and making a line between them in printing.", "columnar": "Formed in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the shaft of a column. Columnar epithelium (Anat.), epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set upright on the surface they cover. -- Columnar structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above. This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.", "columned": "Having columns. Troas and Ilion's columned citadel. Tennyson.", @@ -14799,8 +12720,6 @@ "coma": "A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See Carus.\n\n1. (Astron.) The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body of a comet. 2. (Bot.) A tuft or bunch, -- as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds. Coma Berenices ( Etym: [L.] (Astron.), a small constellation north of Virgo; -- called also Berenice's Hair.", "comaker": null, "comakers": null, - "comanche": null, - "comanches": "A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent parts of the United States; -- called also Paducahs. They are noted for plundering and cruelty.", "comas": "A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See Carus.\n\n1. (Astron.) The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body of a comet. 2. (Bot.) A tuft or bunch, -- as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds. Coma Berenices ( Etym: [L.] (Astron.), a small constellation north of Virgo; -- called also Berenice's Hair.", "comatose": "Relating to, or resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as, comatose sleep; comatose fever.", "comb": "1. An instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place. 2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb. 3. (Manuf. & Mech.) (a) A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax, hair, etc. (b) The serrated vibratory doffing knife of a carding machine. (c) A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the soft fiber into a bat. (d) A tool with teeth, used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser. (e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer. (f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually resembling a comb. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of a cock or other bird. It is usually red. (b) One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen of scorpions. 5. The curling crest of a wave. 6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.; honeycomb. \"A comb of honey.\" Wyclif. When the bee doth leave her comb. Shak. 7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by which it may be cocked.\n\nTo disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with, a comb; as, to comb hair or wool. See under Combing. Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands upright. Shak.\n\nTo roll over, as the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as waves.\n\nThat unwatered portion of a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above the most elevated spring that issues into it. [Written also coombe.] Buckland. A gradual rise the shelving combe Displayed. Southey.\n\nA dry measure. See Coomb.", @@ -14837,7 +12756,6 @@ "combustion": "1. The state of burning. 2. (Chem.) The combination of a combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light and heat. Combustion results is common cases from the mutual chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed. Ure. Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as coal, constitutes combustion. 3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.] There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the university. Mede. But say from whence this new combustion springs. Dryden.", "combustive": null, "combusts": "1. Burnt; consumed. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Astron.) So near the sun as to be obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun. [Obs.] Planets that are oft combust. Milton.", - "comdr": null, "come": "1. To move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some place or person indicated; -- opposed to go. Look, who comes yonder Shak. I did not come to curse thee. Tennyson. 2. To complete a movement toward a place; to arrive. When we came to Rome. Acts xxviii. 16. Lately come from Italy. Acts vviii. 2. 3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or form a distance. \"Thy kingdom come.\" Matt. vi. 10. The hour is comming, and now is. John. v. 25. So quik bright things come to confusion. Shak. 4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause, or of the act of another. From whence come wars James iv. 1. Both riches and honor come of thee! Chron. xxix. 12. 5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear. Then butter does refuse to come. Hudibras. 6. To get to be, as the result of change or progress; -- with a predicate; as, to come united. How come you thus estranged Shak. How come her eyes so bright Shak. Note: Am come, is come, etc., are frequently used instead of have come, has come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to be gives adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary have expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the verb. Think not that I am come to destroy. Matt. v. 17. We are come off like Romans. Shak. The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year. Bryant. Note: Come may properly be used (instead of go) in speaking of a movement hence, or away, when there is reference to an approach to the person addressed; as, I shall come home next week; he will come to your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state expressed by the verb; as, how came you to do it Come is used colloquially, with reference to a definite future time approaching, without an auxilliary; as, it will be two years, come next Christmas; i. e., when Christmas shall come. They were cried In meeting, come next Sunday. Lowell. Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us go. \"This is the heir; come, let us kill him.\" Matt. xxi. 38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. \"Come, come, no time for lamentation now.\" Milton. To come, yet to arrive, future. \"In times to come.\" Dryden. \"There's pippins and cheese to come.\" Shak. -- To come about. (a) To come to pass; to arrive; to happen; to result; as, how did these things come about (b) To change; to come round; as, the ship comes about. \"The wind is come about.\" Shak. On better thoughts, and my urged reasons, They are come about, and won to the true side. B. Jonson. -- To come abroad. (a) To move or be away from one's home or country. \"Am come abroad to see the world.\" Shak. (b) To become public or known. [Obs.] \"Neither was anything kept secret, but that it should come abroad.\" Mark. iv. 22. -- To come across, to meet; to find, esp. by chance or suddenly. \"We come across more than one incidental mention of those wars.\" E. A. Freeman. \"Wagner's was certainly one of the strongest and most independent natures I ever came across.\" H. R. Heweis. -- To come after. (a) To follow. (b) To come to take or to obtain; as, to come after a book. -- To come again, to return. \"His spirit came again and he revived.\" Judges. xv. 19. -- To come and go. (a) To appear and disappear; to change; to alternate. \"The color of the king doth come and go.\" Shak. (b) (Mech.) To play backward and forward. -- To come at. (a) To reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; as, to come at a true knowledge of ourselves. (b) To come toward; to attack; as, he came at me with fury. -- To come away, to part or depart. -- To come between, to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause estrangement. -- To come by. (a) To obtain, gain, acquire. \"Examine how you came by all your state.\" Dryden. (b) To pass near or by way of. -- To come down. (a) To descend. (b) To be humbled. -- To come down upon, to call to account, to reprimand. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- To come home. (a) To retuen to one's house or family. (b) To come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason. (b) (Naut.) To be loosened from the ground; -- said of an anchor. -- To come in. (a) To enter, as a town, house, etc. \"The thief cometh in.\" Hos. vii. 1. (b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes in. (c) To assume official station or duties; as, when Lincoln came in. (d) To comply; to yield; to surrender. \"We need not fear his coming in\" Massinger. (e) To be brought into use. \"Silken garments did not come in till late.\" Arbuthnot. (f) To be added or inserted; to be or become a part of. (g) To accrue as gain from any business or investment. (h) To mature and yield a harvest; as, the crops come in well. (i) To have sexual intercourse; -- with to or unto. Gen. xxxviii. 16. (j) To have young; to bring forth; as, the cow will come in next May. [U. S.] -- To come in for, to claim or receive. \"The rest came in for subsidies.\" Swift. -- To come into, to join with; to take part in; to agree to; to comply with; as, to come into a party or scheme. -- To come it ever, to hoodwink; to get the advantage of. [Colloq.] -- To come near or nigh, to approach in place or quality to be equal to. \"Nothing ancient or modern seems to come near it.\" Sir W. Temple. -- To come of. (a) To descend or spring from. \"Of Priam's royal race my mother came.\" Dryden. (b) To result or follow from. \"This comes of judging by the eye.\" L'Estrange. -- To come off. (a) To depart or pass off from. (b) To get free; to get away; to escape. (c) To be carried through; to pass off; as, it came off well. (d) To acquit one's self; to issue from (a contest, etc.); as, he came off with honor; hence, substantively, a come off, an escape; an excuse; an evasion. [Colloq.] (e) To pay over; to give. [Obs.] (f) To take place; to happen; as, when does the race come off (g) To be or become after some delay; as, the weather came off very fine. (h) To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to separate. (i) To hurry away; to get through. Chaucer. -- To come off by, to suffer. [Obs.] \"To come off by the worst.\" Calamy. -- To come off from, to leave. \"To come off from these grave disquisitions.\" Felton. -- To come on. (a) To advance; to make progress; to thrive. (b) To move forward; to approach; to supervene. -- To come out. (a) To pass out or depart, as from a country, room, company, etc. \"They shall come out with great substance.\" Gen. xv. 14. (b) To become public; to appear; to be published. \"It is indeed come out at last.\" Bp. Stillingfleet. (c) To end; to result; to turn out; as, how will this affair come out he has come out well at last. (d) To be introduced into society; as, she came out two seasons ago. (e) To appear; to show itself; as, the sun came out. (f) To take sides; to take a stand; as, he came out against the tariff.(g) To publicly admit oneself to be homosexual. -- To come out with, to give publicity to; to disclose. -- To come over. (a) To pass from one side or place to another. \"Perpetually teasing their friends to come over to them.\" Addison. (b) To rise and pass over, in distillation. -- To come over to, to join. -- To come round. (a) To recur in regular course. (b) To recover. [Colloq.] (c) To change, as the wind. (d) To relent. J. H. Newman. (e) To circumvent; to wheedle. [Colloq.] -- To come short, to be deficient; to fail of attaining. \"All have sinned and come short of the glory of God.\" Rom. iii. 23. -- To come to. (a) To consent or yield. Swift. (b) (Naut.) (with the accent on to) To luff; to brin the ship's head nearer the wind; to anchor. (c) (with the accent on to) To recover, as from a swoon. (d) To arrive at; to reach. (e) To amount to; as, the taxes come to a large sum. (f) To fall to; to be received by, as an inheritance. Shak. -- To come to blows. See under Blow. -- To come to grief. See under Grief. -- To come to a head. (a) To suppurate, as a boil. (b) To mature; to culminate; as a plot. -- To come to one's self, to recover one's senses. -- To come to pass, to happen; to fall out. -- To come to the scratch. (a) (Prize Fighting) To step up to the scratch or mark made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in beginning a contest; hence: (b) To meet an antagonist or a difficulty bravely. [Colloq.] -- To come to time. (a) (Prize Fighting) To come forward in order to resume the contest when the interval allowed for rest is over and \"time\" is called; hence: (b) To keep an appointment; to meet expectations. [Colloq.] -- To come together. (a) To meet for business, worship, etc.; to assemble. Acts i. 6. (b) To live together as man and wife. Matt. i. 18. -- To come true, to happen as predicated or expected. -- To come under, to belong to, as an individual to a class. -- To come up (a) to ascend; to rise. (b) To be brought up; to arise, as a question. (c) To spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant. (d) To come into use, as a fashion. -- To come up the capstan (Naut.), to turn it the contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it. -- To come up the tackle fall (Naut.), to slacken the tackle gently. Totten. -- To come up to, to rise to; to equal. -- To come up with, to overtake or reach by pursuit. -- To come upon. (a) To befall. (b) To attack or invade. (c) To have a claim upon; to become dependent upon for support; as, to come upon the town. (d) To light or chance upon; to find; as, to come upon hid treasure.\n\nTo carry through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any tricks here. [Slang] To come it, to succeed in a trick of any sort. [Slang]\n\nComing. Chaucer.", "comeback": null, "comebacks": null, @@ -14886,7 +12804,6 @@ "comics": "1. Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy. I can not for the stage a drama lay, Tragic or comic, but thou writ'st the play. B. Jonson. 2. Causing mirth; ludicrous. \"Comic shows.\" Shak.\n\nA comedian. [Obs.] Steele.", "coming": "1. Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the next; as, the coming week or year; the coming exhibition. Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest. Pope. Your coming days and years. Byron. 2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond. [Obs.] Pope.\n\n1. Approach; advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the train. 2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ. Coming in. (a) Entrance; entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. \"The goings out thereof, and the comings in thereof.\" Ezek. xliii. 11 (b) Income or revenue. \"What are thy comings in\" Shak.", "comings": "1. Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the next; as, the coming week or year; the coming exhibition. Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest. Pope. Your coming days and years. Byron. 2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond. [Obs.] Pope.\n\n1. Approach; advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the train. 2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ. Coming in. (a) Entrance; entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. \"The goings out thereof, and the comings in thereof.\" Ezek. xliii. 11 (b) Income or revenue. \"What are thy comings in\" Shak.", - "comintern": null, "comity": "Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals; friendly equals; friendly civility; as, comity of manners; the comity of States. Comity of nations (International Law), the courtesy by which nations recognize within their own territory, or in their courts, the peculiar institutions of another nation or the rights and privileges acquired by its citizens in their own land. By some authorities private international law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is that it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is obligatory as law. Syn. -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.", "comm": null, "comma": "1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or printed. 2. (Mus.) A small interval (the difference beyween a major and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners. Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a special relation to the disease; -- called also cholera bacillus. -- Comma butterfly (Zoöl.), an American butterfly (Grapta comma), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings.", @@ -15069,10 +12986,7 @@ "commuters": "One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.", "commutes": "To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence; to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares. The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those two elements, it was certainly more natural to call beings participating of the first \"watery\", and the last \"fiery\", than to commute the terms, and call them by the reverse. J. Harris The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should be commuted from burning to beheading. Macaulay.\n\n1. To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; to effect a commutation. He . . . thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he is bound to pay his vow in kind. Jer. Taylor. 2. To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.", "commuting": null, - "como": null, - "comoran": null, "comorbidity": null, - "comoros": null, "comp": null, "compact": "1. Joined or held together; leagued; confederated. [Obs.] \"Compact with her that's gone.\" Shak. A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together. Peacham. 2. Composed or made; -- with of. [Poetic] A wandering fire, Compact of unctuous vapor. Milton. 3. Closely or firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense. Glass, crystal, gems, and other compact bodies. Sir I. Newton. 4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as, a compact discourse. Syn. -- Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.\n\n1. To thrust, drive, or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate; to make close; -- as the parts which compose a body. Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone. Blackstone. 2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system. The whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth. Eph. iv. 16.\n\nAn agreement between parties; a covenant or contract. The law of nations depends on mutual compacts, treaties, leagues, etc. Blackstone. Wedlock is described as the indissoluble compact. Macaulay. The federal constitution has been styled a compact between the States by which it was ratified. Wharton. Syn. -- See Covenant.", "compacted": "Compact; pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.", @@ -15094,7 +13008,6 @@ "companionway": null, "companionways": null, "company": "1. The state of being a companion or companions; the act of accompaying; fellowship; companionship; society; friendly intercourse. Shak. Evil company doth corrupt good manners. 1 Cor. xv. 33. (Rev. Ver. ). Brethren, farewell: your company along I will not wish. Milton. 2. A companion or companions. To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak. 3. An assemblage or association of persons, either permanent or transient. Thou shalt meet a company of prophets. 1 Sam. x. 5. 4. Guests or visitors, in distinction from the members of a family; as, to invite company to dine. 5. Society, in general; people assembled for social intercourse. Nature has left every man a capacity of being agreeable, though not of shining in company. Swift. 6. An association of persons for the purpose of carrying on some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm; as, the East India Company; an insurance company; a joint-stock company. 7. Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned in its style or title; -- often abbreviated in writing; as, Hottinguer & Co. 8. (Mil.) A subdivision of a regiment of troops under the command of a captain, numbering in the United States (full strength) 100 men. 9. (Naut.) The crew of a ship, including the officers; as, a whole ship's company. 10. The body of actors employed in a theater or in the production of a play. To keep company with. See under Keep, v. t. Syn. -- Assemblage; assembly; society; group; assembly; society; group; circle; crowd; troop; crew; gang; corporation; association; fraternity; guild; partnership; copartnery; union; club; party; gathering.\n\nTo accompany or go with; to be companion to. [Obs.]\n\n1. To associate. Men which have companied with us all the time. Acts i. 21. 2. To be a gay companion. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To have sexual commerce. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.", - "compaq": null, "comparability": null, "comparable": "Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison. There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend. Addison. -- Com\"pa*ra*ble*ness, n. -- Com\"pa*ra*bly, adv.", "comparably": null, @@ -15308,7 +13221,6 @@ "compromises": "1. A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute to the decision of arbitrators. [Obs.] Burrill. 2. A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent reached by concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of extreme demands or rights, resulting in an agreement. But basely yielded upon compromise That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows. Shak. All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter. Burke. An abhorrence of concession and compromise is a never failing characteristic of religious factions. Hallam. 3. A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender; as, a compromise of character or right. I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the compromise of that sex the belonging to which was, after all, my strongest claim and title to them. Lamb.\n\n1. To bind by mutual agreement; to agree. [Obs.] Laban and himself were compromised That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied Should fall as Jacob's hire. Shak. 2. To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound. The controversy may easily be compromised. Fuller. 3. To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion. To pardon all who had been compromised in the late disturbances. Motley.\n\n1. To agree; to accord. [Obs.] 2. To make concession for concilation and peace.", "compromising": null, "comps": null, - "compton": null, "comptroller": null, "comptrollers": null, "compulsion": "The act of compelling, or the state of being compelled; the act of driving or urging by force or by physical or moral constraint; subjection to force. If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon compulsion. Shak. With what complusion and laborious flight We sunk thus low. Milton. Syn. -- See Constraint.", @@ -15321,7 +13233,6 @@ "compulsory": "1. Having the power of compulsion; constraining. 2. Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary; due to complusion. This contribution therestening fall infinitely short of their hopes, they soon made it compulsory. Burke.", "compunction": "1. A pricking; stimulation. [Obs.] That acid piecering spirit which, with such activity and compunction, invadeth the brains and nostrils. Sir T. Browne. 2. A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding from a sense of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting of conscience. He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions of great compunction. Clarendon. Syn. -- Compunction, Remorse, Contrition. Remorse is anguish of soul under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offened God or brought evil upon one's self or others. Compunction is the pain occasioned by a wounded and awakened conscience. Neither of them implies true contrition, which denotes self-condemnation, humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of remorse; of compunction for a specific act of transgression; of deep contrition in view of our past lives. See Regret.", "compunctions": "1. A pricking; stimulation. [Obs.] That acid piecering spirit which, with such activity and compunction, invadeth the brains and nostrils. Sir T. Browne. 2. A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding from a sense of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting of conscience. He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions of great compunction. Clarendon. Syn. -- Compunction, Remorse, Contrition. Remorse is anguish of soul under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offened God or brought evil upon one's self or others. Compunction is the pain occasioned by a wounded and awakened conscience. Neither of them implies true contrition, which denotes self-condemnation, humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of remorse; of compunction for a specific act of transgression; of deep contrition in view of our past lives. See Regret.", - "compuserve": null, "computation": "1. The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning. By just computation of the time. Shak. By a computation backward from ourselves. Bacon. 2. The result of computation; the amount computed. Syn. -- Reckoning; calculation; estimate; account.", "computational": null, "computationally": null, @@ -15342,10 +13253,7 @@ "comradely": null, "comrades": "A mate, companion, or associate. And turned my flying comrades to the charge. J. Baillie. I abjure all roofs, and choose . . . To be a comrade with the wolf and owl. Shak.", "comradeship": "The state of being a comrade; intimate fellowship.", - "comte": null, "con": "- (cum, signifying with, together, etc. See Com-.\n\nAgainst the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of pro, and usually in connection with it. See Pro.\n\n1. To know; to understand; to acknowledge. [Obs.] Of muses, Hobbinol, I con no skill. Spenser. They say they con to heaven the highway. Spenser. 2. To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn; to commit to memory; to regard studiously. Fixedly did look Upon the muddy waters which he conned As if he had been reading in a book. Wodsworth. I did not come into Parliament to con my lesson. Burke. To con answer, to be able to answer. [Obs.] -- To con thanks, to thank; to acknowledge obligation. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo conduct, or superintend the steering of (a vessel); to watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the helmsman how to steer.", - "conakry": null, - "conan": null, "concatenate": "To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one another. This all things friendly will concatenate. Dr. H. More", "concatenated": null, "concatenates": "To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one another. This all things friendly will concatenate. Dr. H. More", @@ -15388,7 +13296,6 @@ "concentrations": "1. The act or process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated; concentration. Concentration of the lunar beams. Boyle. Intense concetration of thought. Sir J. Herschel. 2. The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as by evaporation. The acid acquires a higher degree of concentration. Knight. 3. (Metal.) The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.", "concentric": "Having a common center, as circles of different size, one within another. Concentric circles upon the surface of the water. Sir I. Newton. Concentrical rings like those of an onion. Arbuthnot.\n\nThat which has a common center with something else. Its pecular relations to its concentrics. Coleridge.", "concentrically": "In a concentric manner.", - "concepcion": null, "concept": "An abstract general conception; a notion; a universal. The words conception, concept, notion, should be limited to the thought of what can not be represented in the imagination; as, the thought suggested by a general term. Sir W. Hamilton.", "conception": "1. The act of conceiving in the womb; the initiation of an embryonic animal life. I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. Gen. iii. 16. 2. The state of being conceived; beginning. Joy had the like conception in our eyes. Shak. 3. The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception. Under the article of conception, I shall confine myself to that faculty whose province it is to enable us to form a notion of our past sensations, or of the objects of sense that we have formerly perceived. Stewart. 4. The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or notion, apprehension. Conception consists in a conscious act of the understanding, bringing any given object or impression into the same class with any number of other objects or impression, by means of some character or characters common to them all. Coleridge. 5. The image, idea, or notion of any action or thing which is formed in the mind; a concept; a notion; a universal; the product of a rational belief or judgment. See Concept. He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts the water; a metaphorical term obviously intended to denote some more general and abstract conception than that of the visible operation which the word primarily signifies. Whewell. 6. Idea; purpose; design. Note this dangerous conception. Shak. 7. Conceit; affected sentiment or thought. [Obs.] He . . . is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticism. Dryden. Syn. -- Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion; comprehension.", "conceptional": "Pertaining to conception.", @@ -15432,7 +13339,6 @@ "concessional": null, "concessionary": "Of or pertaining to a concession. -- n.; pl. -ries. A concessionaire.", "concessions": "1. The act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a demand, claim, or request, and thus distinguished from giving, which is voluntary or spontaneous. By mutual concession the business was adjusted. Hallam. 2. A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right to do something; as, a concession to build a canal. This is therefore a concession , that he doth . . . believe the Scriptures to be sufficiently plain. Sharp. When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances without further pursuits, then expect to find popular assemblies content with small concessions. Swift.", - "concetta": null, "conch": "1. (Zoöl.) A name applied to various marine univalve shells; esp. to those of the genus Strombus, which are of large size. S. gigas is the large pink West Indian conch. The large king, queen, and cameo conchs are of the genus Cassis. See Cameo. Note: The conch is sometimes used as a horn or trumpet, as in fogs at sea, or to call laborers from work. 2. In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a trumpet. 3. One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands or one of their descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called from the commonness of the conch there, or because they use it for food. 4. (Arch.) See Concha, n. 5. The external ear. See Concha, n., 2.", "conchie": null, "conchies": null, @@ -15479,8 +13385,6 @@ "concordant": "Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant. Were every one employed in points concordant to their natures, professions, and arts, commonwealths would rise up of themselves. Sir T. Browne", "concordat": "1. A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything. 2. An agreement made between the pope and a sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters with which both are concerned; as, the concordat between Pope Pius VIL and Bonaparte in 1801. Hook.", "concordats": "1. A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything. 2. An agreement made between the pope and a sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters with which both are concerned; as, the concordat between Pope Pius VIL and Bonaparte in 1801. Hook.", - "concorde": null, - "concords": "1. A state of agreement; harmony; union. Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end. Milton. 2. Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant; treaty or league. [Obs.] The concord made between Henry and Roderick. Davies. 3. (Gram.) Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case. 4. (Old Law) An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged to the complainant. See Fine. Burril. 5. Etym: [Prob. influenced by chord.] (Mus.) An agreeable combination of tones simultaneously heard; a consonant chord; consonance; harmony.\n\nA variety of American grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact clusters.\n\nTo agree; to act together. [Obs.] Clarendon.", "concourse": "1. A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence. The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance or fortuitous concourse of particles of matter. Sir M. Hale. 2. An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place. Amidst the concourse were to be seen the noble ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk brocade. Prescott. 3. The place or point of meeting or junction of two bodies. [Obs.] The drop will begin to move toward the concourse of the glasses. Sir I. Newton. 4. An open space where several roads or paths meet; esp. an open space in a park where several roads meet. 5. Concurrence; coöperation. [Obs.] The divine providence is wont to afford its concourse to such proceeding. Barrow.", "concourses": "1. A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence. The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance or fortuitous concourse of particles of matter. Sir M. Hale. 2. An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place. Amidst the concourse were to be seen the noble ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk brocade. Prescott. 3. The place or point of meeting or junction of two bodies. [Obs.] The drop will begin to move toward the concourse of the glasses. Sir I. Newton. 4. An open space where several roads or paths meet; esp. an open space in a park where several roads meet. 5. Concurrence; coöperation. [Obs.] The divine providence is wont to afford its concourse to such proceeding. Barrow.", "concrete": "1. United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate particles into one mass; united in a solid form. The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of the chaos must be of the same figure as the last liquid state. Bp. Burnet. 2. (Logic) (a) Standing for an object as it exists in nature, invested with all its qualities, as distingushed from standing for an attribute of an object; -- opposed to abstract. Hence: (b) Applied to a specific object; special; particular; -- opposed to general. See Abstract, 3. Concrete is opposed to a abstract. The names of individuals are concrete, those of classes abstract. J. S. Mill. Concrete terms, while they express the quality, do also express, or imply, or refer to, some subject to which it belongs. I. Watts. Concrete number, a number associated with, or applied to, a particular object, as three men, five days, etc., as distinguished from an abstract number, or one used without reference to a particular object. -- Concrete quantity, a physical object or a collection of such objects. Davies & Peck. -- Concrete science, a physical science, one having as its subject of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract laws. -- Concrete sound or movement of the voice, one which slides continuously up or down, as distinguished from a discrete movement, in which the voice leaps at once from one line of pitch to another. Rush.\n\n1. A compound or mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union, or coalescence of separate particles of matter in one body. To divide all concretes, minerals and others, into the same number of distinct substances. Boyle. 2. A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone with cement or with tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways, foundations, etc., and esp. for submarine structures. 3. (Logic) A term designating both a quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete term. The concretes \"father\" and \"son\" have, or might have, the abstracts \"paternity\" and \"filiety\". J. S. Mill. 4. (Sugar Making) Sugar boiled down from cane juice to a solid mass.\n\nTo unite or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or solid body. Note: Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to indurate; as, metallic matter concretes into a hard body; applied to others, it is equivalent to congeal, thicken, inspissate, coagulate, as in the concretion of blood. \"The blood of some who died of the plague could not be made to concrete.\" Arbuthnot.\n\n1. To form into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of separate particles. There are in our inferior world divers bodies that are concreted out of others. Sir M. Hale. 2. To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a pavement.", @@ -15538,7 +13442,6 @@ "condescends": "1. To stoop or descend; to let one's self down; to submit; to waive the privilege of rank or dignity; to accommodate one's self to an inferior. \"Condescend to men of low estate.\" Rom. xii. 16. Can they think me so broken, so debased With corporal servitude, that my mind ever Will condescend to such absurd commands Milton. Spain's mighty monarch, In gracious clemency, does condescend, On these conditions, to become your friend. Dryden. Note: Often used ironically, implying an assumption of superiority. Those who thought they were honoring me by condescending to address a few words to me. F. W. Robinson. 2. To consent. [Obs.] All parties willingly condescended heruento. R. Carew. Syn. -- To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.", "condescension": "The act of condescending; voluntary descent from one's rank or dignity in intercourse with an inferior; courtesy toward inferiors. It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty, and condescension to others. Tillotson. Such a dignity and condescension . . . as are suitable to a superior nature. Addison. Syn. -- Complaisance; courtesy; affability.", "condign": "1. Worthy; suitable; deserving; fit. [Obs.] Condign and worthy praise. Udall. Herself of all that rule she deemend most condign. Spenser. 2. Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or crime. \"Condign censure.\" Milman. Unless it were a bloody murderer . . . I never gave them condign punishment. Shak.", - "condillac": null, "condiment": "Something used to give relish to food, and to gratify the taste; a pungment and appetizing substance, as pepper or mustard; seasoning. As for radish and the like, they are for condiments, and not for nourishment. Bacon.", "condiments": "Something used to give relish to food, and to gratify the taste; a pungment and appetizing substance, as pepper or mustard; seasoning. As for radish and the like, they are for condiments, and not for nourishment. Bacon.", "condition": "1. Mode or state of being; state or situation with regard to external circumstances or influences, or to physical or mental integrity, health, strength, etc.; predicament; rank; position, estate. I am in my condition A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king. Shak. And O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse Cowley. The new conditions of life. Darwin. 2. Essential quality; property; attribute. It seemed to us a condition and property of divine powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others. Bacon. 3. Temperament; disposition; character. [Obs.] The condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil. Shak. 4. That which must exist as the occasion or concomitant of something else; that which is requisite in order that something else should take effect; an essential qualification; stipulation; terms specified. I had as lief take her dowry with this condition, to be whipped at the high cross every morning. Shak. Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they believe it without the condition of repentance. Jer. Taylor. 5. (Law) A clause in a contract, or agreement, which has for its object to suspend, to defeat, or in some way to modify, the principal obligation; or, in case of a will, to suspend, revoke, or modify a devise or bequest. It is also the case of a future uncertain event, which may or may not happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence of which, the accomplishment, recission, or modification of an obligation or testamentary disposition is made to depend. Blount. Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton. Equation of condition. (Math.) See under Equation. -- On or Upon condition (that), used for if in introducing conditional sentences. \"Upon condition thou wilt swear to pay him tribute . . . thou shalt be placed as viceroy under him.\" Shak. -- Conditions of sale, the terms on which it is proposed to sell property by auction; also, the instrument containing or expressing these terms. Syn. -- State; situation; circumstances; station; case; mode; plight; predicament; stipulation; qualification; requisite; article; provision; arrangement. See State.\n\n1. To make terms; to stipulate. Pay me back my credit, And I'll condition with ye. Beau. & Fl. 2. (Metaph.) To impose upon an object those relations or conditions without which knowledge and thought are alleged to be impossible. To think of a thing is to condition. Sir W. Hamilton.\n\n1. To invest with, or limit by, conditions; to burden or qualify by a condition; to impose or be imposed as the condition of. Seas, that daily gain upon the shore, Have ebb and flow conditioning their march. Tennyson. 2. To contract; to stipulate; to agree. It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that Saturn should put to death all his male children. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. (U. S. Colleges) To put under conditions; to require to pass a new examination or to make up a specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's class or in college; as, to condition a student who has failed in some branch of study. 4. To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the proportion of moisture it contains). McElrath. train; acclimate.", @@ -15567,7 +13470,6 @@ "condones": "1. To pardon; to forgive. A fraud which he had either concocted or condoned. W. Black. It would have been magnanimous in the men then in power to have overlooked all these things, and, condoning the politics, to have rewarded the poetry of Burns. J. C. Shairp. 2. (Law) To pardon; to overlook the offense of; esp., to forgive for a violation of the marriage law; -- said of either the husband or the wife.", "condoning": null, "condor": "A very large bird of the Vulture family (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), found in the most elevated parts of the Andes.", - "condorcet": null, "condors": "A very large bird of the Vulture family (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), found in the most elevated parts of the Andes.", "condos": null, "conduce": "To lead or tend, esp. with reference to a favorable or desirable result; to contribute; -- usually followed by to or toward. He was sensible how much such a union would conduce to the happiness of both. Macaulay. The reasons you allege do more conduce To the hot passion of distemper'd blood. Shak. Syn. -- To contribute; aid; assist; tend; subserve.\n\nTo conduct; to lead; to guide. [Obs.] He was sent to conduce hither the princess. Sir H. Wotton.", @@ -15594,7 +13496,6 @@ "cone": "1. (Geom.) A solid of the form described by the revolution of a right- angled triangle about one of the sides adjacent to the right angle; - - called also a right cone. More generally, any solid having a vertical point and bounded by a surface which is described by a straight line always passing through that vertical point; a solid having a circle for its base and tapering to a point or vertex. 2. Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; as, a volcanic cone, a collection of scoriæ around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical form. Now had Night measured with her shadowy cone Half way up hill this vast sublunar vault. Milton. 3. (Bot.) The fruit or strobile of the Coniferæ, as of the pine, fir, cedar, and cypress. It is composed of woody scales, each one of which has one or two seeds at its base. 4. (Zoöl.) A shell of the genus Conus, having a conical form. Cone of rays (Opt.), the pencil of rays of light which proceed from a radiant point to a given surface, as that of a lens, or conversely. -- Cone pulley. See in the Vocabulary. -- Oblique or Scalene cone, a cone of which the axis is inclined to the plane of its base. -- Eight cone. See Cone, 1.\n\nTo render coneshaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; as, to cone the tires of car wheels.", "coned": null, "cones": "1. (Geom.) A solid of the form described by the revolution of a right- angled triangle about one of the sides adjacent to the right angle; - - called also a right cone. More generally, any solid having a vertical point and bounded by a surface which is described by a straight line always passing through that vertical point; a solid having a circle for its base and tapering to a point or vertex. 2. Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; as, a volcanic cone, a collection of scoriæ around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical form. Now had Night measured with her shadowy cone Half way up hill this vast sublunar vault. Milton. 3. (Bot.) The fruit or strobile of the Coniferæ, as of the pine, fir, cedar, and cypress. It is composed of woody scales, each one of which has one or two seeds at its base. 4. (Zoöl.) A shell of the genus Conus, having a conical form. Cone of rays (Opt.), the pencil of rays of light which proceed from a radiant point to a given surface, as that of a lens, or conversely. -- Cone pulley. See in the Vocabulary. -- Oblique or Scalene cone, a cone of which the axis is inclined to the plane of its base. -- Eight cone. See Cone, 1.\n\nTo render coneshaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; as, to cone the tires of car wheels.", - "conestoga": null, "coneys": "1. (Zoöl.) A rabbit. See Cony. 2. (Zoöl.) A fish. See Cony.", "confab": "Familiar talk or conversation. [Colloq.]", "confabbed": null, @@ -15739,11 +13640,6 @@ "confronted": null, "confronting": "dealing with (a person or problem) directly; taking the bull by the horns. Syn. -- braving, coping with, grappling, tackling. [WordNet 1.5 +PJC]", "confronts": "1. To stand facing or in front of; to face; esp. to face hostilely; to oppose with firmness. We four, indeed, confronted were with four In Russian habit. Shak. He spoke and then confronts the bull. Dryden. Hester caught hold of Pearl, and drew her forcibly into her arms, confronting the old Puritan magistrate with almost a fierce expression. Hawthorne. It was impossible at once to confront the might of France and to trample on the liberties of England. Macaulay. 2. To put face to face; to cause to face or to meet; as, to confront one with the proofs of his wrong doing. 3. To set in opposition for examination; to put in contrast; to compare. When I confront a medal with a verse, I only show you the same design executed by different hands. Addison.", - "confucian": "Of, or relating to, Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher and teacher. -- n. A Confucianist.", - "confucianism": "The political morality taught by Confucius and his disciples, which forms the basis of the Chinese jurisprudence and education. It can hardly be called a religion, as it does not inculcate the worship of any god. S. W. Williams.", - "confucianisms": "The political morality taught by Confucius and his disciples, which forms the basis of the Chinese jurisprudence and education. It can hardly be called a religion, as it does not inculcate the worship of any god. S. W. Williams.", - "confucians": "Of, or relating to, Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher and teacher. -- n. A Confucianist.", - "confucius": null, "confuse": "Mixed; confounded. [Obs.] Baret.\n\n1. To mix or blend so that things can not be distinguished; to jumble together; to confound; to render indistinct or obscure; as, to confuse accounts; to confuse one's vision. A universal hubbub wild Of stunning sounds and voices all confused. Milton. 2. To perplex; to disconcert; to abash; to cause to lose self- possession. Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse A life that leads melodious days. Tennyson. Confused and sadly she at length replied. Pope. Syn. -- To abash; disorder; disarrange; disconcert; confound; obscure; distract. See Abash.", "confused": null, "confusedly": "In a confused manner.", @@ -15759,7 +13655,6 @@ "confuted": null, "confutes": "To overwhelm by argument; to refute conclusively; to prove or show to be false or defective; to overcome; to silence. Satan stood . . . confuted and convinced Of his weak arguing fallacious drift. Milton. No man's error can be confuted who doth not . . . grant some true principle that contradicts his error. Chillingworth. I confute a good profession with a bad conversation. Fuller. Syn. -- To disprove; overthrow; sed aside; refute; oppugn. -- To Confute, Refute. Refute is literally to and decisive evidence; as, to refute a calumny, charge, etc. Confute is literally to check boiling, as when cold water is poured into hot, thus serving to allay, bring down, or neutralize completely. Hence, as applied to arguments (and the word is never applied, like refute, to charges), it denotes, to overwhelm by evidence which puts an end to the case and leaves an opponent nothing to say; to silence; as, \"the atheist is confuted by the whole structure of things around him.\"", "confuting": null, - "cong": "An abbreviation of Congius.", "conga": null, "congaed": null, "congaing": null, @@ -15789,8 +13684,6 @@ "conglomerating": null, "conglomeration": "The act or process of gathering into a mass; the state of being thus collected; collection; accumulation; that which is conglomerated; a mixed mass. Bacon.", "conglomerations": "The act or process of gathering into a mass; the state of being thus collected; collection; accumulation; that which is conglomerated; a mixed mass. Bacon.", - "congo": "Black tea, of higher grade (finer leaf and less dusty) than the present bohea. See Tea. Of black teas, the great mass is called Congou, or the \"well worked\", a name which took the place of the Bohea of 150 years ago, and is now itself giving way to the term \"English breakfast tea.\" S. W. Williams.", - "congolese": null, "congrats": null, "congratulate": "To address with expressions of sympathetic pleasure on account of some happy event affecting the person addressed; to wish joy to. It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to congratulate the princess at her pavilion. Shak. To congratulate one's self, to rejoice; to feel satisfaction; to consider one's self happy or fortunate. Syn. -- To Congratulate, Felicitate. To felicitate is simply to wish a person joy. To congratulate has the additional signification of uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate. Hence they are by no means synonymous. One who has lost the object of his affections by her marriage to a rival, might perhaps felicitate that rival on his success, but could never be expected to congratulate him on such an event. Felicitations are little better than compliments; congratulations are the expression of a genuine sympathy and joy. Trench.\n\nTo express of feel sympathetic joy; as, to congratulate with one's country. [R.] Swift. The subjects of England may congratulate to themselves. Dryden.", "congratulated": null, @@ -15821,7 +13714,6 @@ "congresspersons": null, "congresswoman": null, "congresswomen": null, - "congreve": null, "congruence": "Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement; consistency. Holland.", "congruent": "Possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding. The congruent and harmonious fitting of parts in a sentence. B. Jonson. Congruent figures (Geom.), concurring figures.", "congruently": null, @@ -15883,13 +13775,10 @@ "conkers": null, "conking": null, "conks": null, - "conley": null, "conman": null, - "conn": "See Con, to direct a ship.", "connect": "1. To join, or fasten together, as by something intervening; to associate; to combine; to unite or link together; to establish a bond or relation between. He fills, he bounds, connect and equals all. Pope. A man must the connection of each intermediate idea with those that it connects before he can use it in a syllogism. Locke. 2. To associate (a person or thing, or one's self) with another person, thing, business, or affair. Connecting rod (Mach.), a rod or bar joined to, and connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a rod connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston rod, or piston, as in a steam engine.\n\nTo join, unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; as, one line of railroad connects with another; one argument connect with another.", "connectable": null, "connected": null, - "connecticut": null, "connecting": null, "connection": "1. The act of connecting, or the state of being connected; junction; union; alliance; relationship. He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known connection between cause and effect. Whewell. The eternal and inserable connection between virtue and hapiness. Atterbury. 2. That which connects or joins together; bond; tie. Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between two or more things. I. Taylor. 3. A relation; esp. a person connected with another by marriage rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and indefinite, and sometimes a comprehensive, sense. 4. The persons or things that are connected; as, a business connection; the Methodist connection. Men elevated by powerful connection. Motley. At the head of a strong parliamentary connection. Macaulay. Whose names, forces, connections, and characters were perfectly known to him. Macaulay. In this connection, in connection with this subject. Note: [A phrase objected to by some writers.] Note: This word was formerly written, as by Milton, with x instead of t in the termination, connexion, and the same thing is true of the kindred words inflexion, reflexion, and the like. But the general usage at present is to spell them connection, inflection, reflection, etc. Syn. -- Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association; dependence; intercourse; commerce; communication; affinity; relationship.", "connections": "1. The act of connecting, or the state of being connected; junction; union; alliance; relationship. He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known connection between cause and effect. Whewell. The eternal and inserable connection between virtue and hapiness. Atterbury. 2. That which connects or joins together; bond; tie. Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between two or more things. I. Taylor. 3. A relation; esp. a person connected with another by marriage rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and indefinite, and sometimes a comprehensive, sense. 4. The persons or things that are connected; as, a business connection; the Methodist connection. Men elevated by powerful connection. Motley. At the head of a strong parliamentary connection. Macaulay. Whose names, forces, connections, and characters were perfectly known to him. Macaulay. In this connection, in connection with this subject. Note: [A phrase objected to by some writers.] Note: This word was formerly written, as by Milton, with x instead of t in the termination, connexion, and the same thing is true of the kindred words inflexion, reflexion, and the like. But the general usage at present is to spell them connection, inflection, reflection, etc. Syn. -- Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association; dependence; intercourse; commerce; communication; affinity; relationship.", @@ -15900,11 +13789,6 @@ "connectors": "One who, or that which, connects; as: (a) A flexible tube for connecting the ends of glass tubes in pneumatic experiments. (b) A device for holding two parts of an electrical conductor in contact.", "connects": "1. To join, or fasten together, as by something intervening; to associate; to combine; to unite or link together; to establish a bond or relation between. He fills, he bounds, connect and equals all. Pope. A man must the connection of each intermediate idea with those that it connects before he can use it in a syllogism. Locke. 2. To associate (a person or thing, or one's self) with another person, thing, business, or affair. Connecting rod (Mach.), a rod or bar joined to, and connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a rod connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston rod, or piston, as in a steam engine.\n\nTo join, unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; as, one line of railroad connects with another; one argument connect with another.", "conned": null, - "connellsville": null, - "connemara": null, - "conner": "A marine European fish (Crenilabrus melops); also, the related American cunner. See Cunner.", - "connery": null, - "connie": null, "conning": null, "conniption": null, "conniptions": null, @@ -15917,8 +13801,6 @@ "conniving": null, "connoisseur": "One well versed in any subject; a skillful or knowing person; a critical judge of any art, particulary of one of the fine arts. The connoisseur is \"one who knows,\" as opposed to the dilettant, who only \"thinks he knows.\" Fairholt.", "connoisseurs": "One well versed in any subject; a skillful or knowing person; a critical judge of any art, particulary of one of the fine arts. The connoisseur is \"one who knows,\" as opposed to the dilettant, who only \"thinks he knows.\" Fairholt.", - "connolly": null, - "connors": null, "connotation": "The act of connoting; a making known or designating something additional; implication of something more than is asserted.", "connotations": "The act of connoting; a making known or designating something additional; implication of something more than is asserted.", "connotative": "1. Implying something additional; illative. 2. (Log.) Implying an attribute. See Connote. Connotative term, one which denotes a subject and implies an attribute. J. S. Mill.", @@ -15938,9 +13820,6 @@ "conquests": "1. The act or process of conquering, or acquiring by force; the act of overcoming or subduing opposition by force, whether physical or moral; subjection; subjugation; victory. In joys of conquest he resigns his breath. Addison. Three years sufficed for the conquest of the country. Prescott. 2. That which is conquered; possession gained by force, physical or moral. Wherefore rejoice What conquest brings he home Shak. 3. (Feudal Law) The acquiring of property by other means than by inheritance; acquisition. Blackstone. 4. The act of gaining or regaining by successful strugle; as, the conquest of liberty or peace. The Conquest (Eng. Hist.), the subjugation of England by William of Normandy in 1066. Syn. -- Victory; triumph; mastery; reduction; subjugation; subjection.", "conquistador": null, "conquistadors": null, - "conrad": null, - "conrail": null, - "conroe": null, "cons": "- (cum, signifying with, together, etc. See Com-.\n\nAgainst the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of pro, and usually in connection with it. See Pro.\n\n1. To know; to understand; to acknowledge. [Obs.] Of muses, Hobbinol, I con no skill. Spenser. They say they con to heaven the highway. Spenser. 2. To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn; to commit to memory; to regard studiously. Fixedly did look Upon the muddy waters which he conned As if he had been reading in a book. Wodsworth. I did not come into Parliament to con my lesson. Burke. To con answer, to be able to answer. [Obs.] -- To con thanks, to thank; to acknowledge obligation. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo conduct, or superintend the steering of (a vessel); to watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the helmsman how to steer.", "consanguineous": "Of the same blood; related by birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor. Shak.", "consanguinity": "The relation of person by blood, is distinction from affinity or relation by marriage; blood relationship; as, lineal consanguinity; collateral consanguinity. Invoking aid by the ties of consanguinity. Prescott.", @@ -16084,11 +13963,8 @@ "constables": "1. A high officer in the monarhical establishments of the Middle Ages. Note: The constable of France was the first officer of the crown, and had the chief ommand of the army. It was also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The office was suppressed in 1627. The constable, or lord high constable, of England, was one of the highest officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces, and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also judicial cognizance of many important matters. The office was as early as the Conquest, but has been disused (except on great and solemn occasions), since the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry VIII. 2. (Law) An officer of the peace having power as a conservator of the public peace, and bound to exeute the warrants of judicial offiers. Bouvier. Note: In England, at the present time, the constable is a conservator of the peace within his district, and is also charged by various statutes with other duties, such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In the United States, constables are town or its officers of the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables of England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the peace, they are invested with others by statute, such as to execute civil as well as criminal process in certain cases, to attend courts, keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are officers called high constables, who act as shiefs of the constabulary or police force. In other cities the title of constable, as well as the office, is merged in that of the polie officer. High constable, a constable having certain duties and powers within a hundred. [Eng.] -- Petty constable, a conservator of the peace within a parish or tithing; a tithingman. [Eng.] -- Special constable, a person appointed to act as constable of special occasions. -- To overrun, or outrun, the constable, the spend more than one's income; to get into debt. [Colloq.] Smollett.", "constabularies": null, "constabulary": "Of or pertaining to constables; consisting of constables.\n\nThe collective body of constables in any town, district, or country.", - "constance": null, "constancy": "1. The state or quality of being constant or steadfast; freedom from hange; stability; fixedness; immutabilitu; asm the constancy of God in his nature and attributes. 2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution; especially, firmness of mind under sufferings, steadiness in attashments, or perseverance in enterprise; stability; fidelity. A fellow of plain unoined constancy. Shak. Constancy and contempt of danger. Prescott. Syn. -- Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness; permanence; steadfastness; resolution. See Firmness.", "constant": "1. Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; -- opposed to fluid. [Obs.] If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors into a constant body. Boyle. 2. Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful; not fickle. Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained constant friends. Sir P. Sidney. I am constant to my purposes. Shak. His gifts, his constant ourtship, nothing gained. Dryden. Onward the constant current sweeps. Longfellow. 3. (Math. & Physics) Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law, etc. 4. Consistent; logical. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent; unalterable; immutable; perpetual; continual; resolute; firm; unshaken; determined. -- Constant, Continual, Perpetual. These words are sometimes used in an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense. Constant denotes, in its absolute sense, unchangeably fixed; as, a constant mind or purpose. In its qualified sense, it marks something as a \"standing\" fact or occurence; as, liable to constant interruptions; constantly called for. Continual, in its absolute sense, coincides with continuous. See Continuous. In its qualified sense, it describes, a thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of continual calls; continually changing. Perpetual denotes, in its absolute sense, what literally never ceases or comes to an end; as, perpetual motion. In its qualified sense, it is used hyperbolically, and denotes that which rarely ceases; as, perpetual disturbance; perpetual noise; perpetual intermeddling.\n\n1. That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable. 2. (Math.) A quantity that does not change its value; -- used in countradistinction variable. Absolute costant (Math.), one whose value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number 10, or any numeral. -- Arbitrary constant, an undetermined constant in a differential equation having the same value during all changes in the values of the variables.", - "constantine": null, - "constantinople": null, "constantly": "With constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without cessation; uniformly. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Acts. xii. 15.", "constants": "1. Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; -- opposed to fluid. [Obs.] If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors into a constant body. Boyle. 2. Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful; not fickle. Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained constant friends. Sir P. Sidney. I am constant to my purposes. Shak. His gifts, his constant ourtship, nothing gained. Dryden. Onward the constant current sweeps. Longfellow. 3. (Math. & Physics) Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law, etc. 4. Consistent; logical. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent; unalterable; immutable; perpetual; continual; resolute; firm; unshaken; determined. -- Constant, Continual, Perpetual. These words are sometimes used in an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense. Constant denotes, in its absolute sense, unchangeably fixed; as, a constant mind or purpose. In its qualified sense, it marks something as a \"standing\" fact or occurence; as, liable to constant interruptions; constantly called for. Continual, in its absolute sense, coincides with continuous. See Continuous. In its qualified sense, it describes, a thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of continual calls; continually changing. Perpetual denotes, in its absolute sense, what literally never ceases or comes to an end; as, perpetual motion. In its qualified sense, it is used hyperbolically, and denotes that which rarely ceases; as, perpetual disturbance; perpetual noise; perpetual intermeddling.\n\n1. That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable. 2. (Math.) A quantity that does not change its value; -- used in countradistinction variable. Absolute costant (Math.), one whose value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number 10, or any numeral. -- Arbitrary constant, an undetermined constant in a differential equation having the same value during all changes in the values of the variables.", "constellation": "1. A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of the heavens, designated in most cases by the name of some animal, or of some mythologial personage, within whose imaginary outline, as traced upon the heavens, the group is included. The constellations seem to have been almost purposely named and delineated to cause as much confusion and inconvenience as possible. Sir J. Herschel. Note: In each of the constellations now recognized by astronomers (about 90 in number) the brightest stars, both named and unnamed are designated nearly in the order of brilliancy by the letters of the Greek alphabet; as, 2. An assemblage of splendors or excellences. The constellations of genius had already begun to show itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the meridian and close of Philip's reign. Prescott. 3. Fortune; fate; destiny. [Obs.] It is constellation, which causeth all that a man doeth. Gower.", @@ -16150,7 +14026,6 @@ "construes": "1. To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to discover the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret; to translate. 2. To put a construction upon; to explain the sense or intention of; to interpret; to understand. Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of our enemies. Bp. Stilingfleet. And to be dull was construed to be good. Pope.", "construing": null, "consubstantiation": "1. An identity or union of substance. 2. (Theol.) The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; -- opposed to transubstantiation. Note: This view, held by Luther himself, was called consubstantiation by non Lutheran writers in contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic view.", - "consuelo": null, "consul": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) One of the two chief magistrates of the republic. Note: They were chosen annually, originally from the patricians only, but later from the plebeians also. 2. A senator; a counselor. [Obs.] Many of the consuls, raised and met, Are at the duke's already. Shak. With kings and consuls of the earth. Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. ) 3. (Fr. Hist.) One of the three chief magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804, who were called, respectively, first, second, and third consul. 4. An official comissioned to reside in some foreign country, to care for the commercial interests of the citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its seamen. Consul general, a consul of the first rank, stationed in an important place, or having jurisdiction in several places or over several consula. -- Vice consul, a consular officer holding the place of a consul during the consul's absence or after he has been relieved.", "consular": "Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a consul; as, consular power; consular dignity; consular officers.", "consulate": "1. The office of a consul. Addison. 2. The jurisdiction or residence of a consul. Kent. 3. Consular government; term of office of a consul.", @@ -16389,7 +14264,6 @@ "contravening": null, "contravention": "The act of contravening; opposition; obstruction; transgression; violation. Warrants in contravention of the acts of Parliament. Macaulay. In contravention of all his marriage stipulations. Motley.", "contraventions": "The act of contravening; opposition; obstruction; transgression; violation. Warrants in contravention of the acts of Parliament. Macaulay. In contravention of all his marriage stipulations. Motley.", - "contreras": null, "contretemps": "An unexpected and untoward accident; something inopportune or embarassing; a hitch. In this unhappy contretemps. De Quincey.", "contribute": "To give or grant i common with others; to give to a common stock or for a common purpose; to furnish or suply in part; to give (money or other aid) for a specified object; as, to contribute food or fuel for the poor. England contributes much more than any other of the allies. Addison.\n\n1. To give a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or aid, or give something, to a common purpose; to have a share in any act or effect. We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the colonies to contribute. Burke. 2. To give or use one's power or influence for any object; to assist. These men also contributed to obstruct the progress of wisdom. Goldsmith.", "contributed": null, @@ -16560,7 +14434,6 @@ "convulsions": "1. (Med.) An unnatural, violent, and unvoluntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a violent shaking; a tumult; a commotion. Those two massy pillars, With horrible convulsion, to and fro He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton. Times of violence and convulsion. Ames. Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.", "convulsive": "Producing, or attended with, convulsions or spasms; characterized by convulsions; convulsionary. An irregular, convulsive movement may be necessary to throw off an irregular, convulsive disease. Burke.", "convulsively": "in a convulsive manner.", - "conway": null, "cony": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) A rabbit, esp., the European rabbit (Lepus cuniculus). (b) The chief hare. Note: The cony of Scripture is thought to be Hyrax Syriacus, called also daman, and cherogril. See Daman. 2. A simpleton. [Obs.] It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual phrases of cony and cony catcher. Diet's Dry Dinner (1599). 3. (Zoöl.) (a) An important edible West Indian fish (Epinephelus apua); the hind of Bermuda. (b) A local name of the burbot. [Eng.]", "coo": "1. To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note of pigeons or doves. The stockdove only through the forest cooes, Mournfully hoarse. Thomson. 2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under Bill, v. i. \"Billing or cooing.\" Byron.", "cooed": null, @@ -16568,7 +14441,6 @@ "cook": "To make the noise of the cuckoo. [Obs. or R.] Constant cuckoos cook on every side. The Silkworms (1599).\n\nTo throw. [Prov.Eng.] \"Cook me that ball.\" Grose.\n\n1. One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one who dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating. 2. (Zoöl.) A fish, the European striped wrasse.\n\n1. To prepare, as food, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.; to make suitable for eating, by the agency of fire or heat. 2. To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or alter; to garble; -- often with up; as, to cook up a story; to cook an account. [Colloq.] They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and very often in the same words; but their way of cooking it is so different. Addison.\n\nTo prepare food for the table.", "cookbook": "A book of directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book. [U.S.] \"Just How\": a key to the cookbooks. Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.", "cookbooks": "A book of directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book. [U.S.] \"Just How\": a key to the cookbooks. Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.", - "cooke": null, "cooked": null, "cooker": null, "cookeries": null, @@ -16591,8 +14463,6 @@ "cooler": "That which cools, or abates heat or excitement. if acid things were used only as coolers, they would not be so proper in this case. Arbuthnot. 2. Anything in or by which liquids or other things are cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.", "coolers": "That which cools, or abates heat or excitement. if acid things were used only as coolers, they would not be so proper in this case. Arbuthnot. 2. Anything in or by which liquids or other things are cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.", "coolest": null, - "cooley": null, - "coolidge": null, "coolie": "Same as Cooly.\n\nAn East Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from the East Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.", "coolies": "Same as Cooly.\n\nAn East Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from the East Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.", "cooling": "Adapted to cool and refresh; allaying heat. \"The cooling brook.\" Goldsmith. Cooling card, something that dashes hopes. [Obs.] -- Cooling time (Law), such a lapse of time as ought, taking all the circumstances of the case in view, to produce a subsiding of passion previously provoked. Wharton.", @@ -16621,7 +14491,6 @@ "coopered": null, "coopering": "Work done by a cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks, etc.; the business of a cooper.", "coopers": "One who makes barrels, hogsheads, casks, etc.\n\nTo do the work of a cooper upon; as, to cooper a cask or barrel.", - "cooperstown": null, "cooping": null, "coops": "1. A barrel or cask for liquor. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen; especially, a grated box for confining poultry. 3. A cart made close with boarde; a tumbrel. [Scotch]\n\nTo confine in a coop; hence, to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; to cramp; -- usually followed by up, sometimes by in. The Trojans coopet within their walls so long. Dryden. The contempt of all other knowledge . . . coops the understanding up within narrow bounds. Locke. 2. To work upon in the manner of a cooper. [Obs.] \"Shaken tubs . . . be new cooped.\" Holland. Syn. -- To crowd; confine; imprison.", "coordinate": "Equal in rank or order; not subordinate. Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or many coördinate powers presiding over each country. Law. Conjunctions joint sentences and coördinate terms. Rev. R. Morris. Coördinate adjectives, adjectives disconnected as regards ane another, but referring equally to the same subject. -- Coördinate conjunctions, conjunctions joining independent propositions. Rev. R. Morris.\n\n1. To make coördinate; to put in the same order or rank; as, to coördinate ideas in classification. 2. To give a common action, movement, or condition to; to regulate and combine so as to produce harmonious action; to adjust; to harmonize; as, to coördinate muscular movements.\n\n1. A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or more persons or things of equal rank, authority, or importance. It has neither coördinate nor analogon; it is absolutely one. Coleridge. 2. pl. (Math.) Lines, or other elements of reference, by means of which the position of any point, as of a curve, is defined with respect to certain fixed lines, or planes, called coördinate axes and coördinate planes. See Abscissa. Note: Coördinates are of several kinds, consisting in some of the different cases, of the following elements, namely: (a) (Geom. of Two Dimensions) The abscissa and ordinate of any point, taken together; as the abscissa PY and ordinate PX of the point P (Fig. 2, referred to the coördinate axes AY and AX. (b) Any radius vector PA (Fig. 1), together with its angle of inclination to a fixed line, APX, by which any point A in the same plane is referred to that fixed line, and a fixed point in it, called the pole, P. (c) (Geom. of Three Dimensions) Any three lines, or distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig. 3), taken parallel to three coördinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and measured from the corresponding coördinate fixed planes, YAZ, XAZ, XAY, to any point in space, P, whose position is thereby determined with respect to these planes and axes. (d) A radius vector, the angle which it makes with a fixed plane, and the angle which its projection on the plane makes with a fixed line line in the plane, by which means any point in space at the free extremity of the radius vector is referred to that fixed plane and fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole of the radius vector. Cartesian coördinates. See under Cartesian. -- Geographical coördinates, the latitude and longitude of a place, by which its relative situation on the globe is known. The height of the above the sea level constitutes a third coördinate. -- Polar coördinates, coördinates made up of a radius vector and its angle of inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those defined in (b) and (d) above. -- Rectangular coördinates, coördinates the axes of which intersect at right angles. -- Rectilinear coördinates, coördinates made up of right lines. Those defined in (a) and (c) above are called also Cartesian coördinates. -- Trigonometrical or Spherical coördinates, elements of reference, by means of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere may be determined with respect to two great circles of the sphere. -- Trilinear coördinates, coördinates of a point in a plane, consisting of the three ratios which the three distances of the point from three fixed lines have one to another.", @@ -16632,22 +14501,16 @@ "coordination": "1. The act of coördinating; the act of putting in the same order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; as, the coördination of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial authority in forming a government; the act of regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious results; harmonious adjustment; as, a coördination of functions. \"Coördination of muscular movement by the cerebellum.\" Carpenter. 2. The state of being coördinate, or of equal rank, dignity, power, etc. In this high court of parliament, there is a rare coördination of power. Howell.", "coordinator": null, "coordinators": null, - "coors": null, "coos": "1. To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note of pigeons or doves. The stockdove only through the forest cooes, Mournfully hoarse. Thomson. 2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under Bill, v. i. \"Billing or cooing.\" Byron.", "coot": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus Fulica. The common European or bald coot is F. atra (see under bald); the American is F. Americana. (b) The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the species of (Edemia are called coots. See Scoter. \"As simple as a coot.\" Halliwell. 2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly coot. [Colloq.]", "cootie": null, "cooties": null, "coots": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus Fulica. The common European or bald coot is F. atra (see under bald); the American is F. Americana. (b) The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the species of (Edemia are called coots. See Scoter. \"As simple as a coot.\" Halliwell. 2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly coot. [Colloq.]", "cop": "1. The top of a thing; the head; a crest. [Obs.] Cop they used to call The tops of many hills. Dra 2. A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled thread, yarn, or roving, wound upon a spindle, etc. 3. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound. 4. (Mil. Arch.) same as Merlon. 5. A policeman. [Slang] Cop waste, a kind of cotton waste, composed chiefly", - "copacabana": null, "copacetic": null, "copay": null, "cope": "1. A covering for the head. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over a door. \"The starry cope of heaven.\" Milton. 3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open in front except at the top, whereit is united by a band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other occasions. Piers plowman. A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes. Bp. Burnet. 4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in derbyshire, England. 5. (Founding) The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part of a loam mold. Knight. De Colange.\n\nTo form a cope or arch; to bend or arch; to bow. [Obs.] Some bending down and coping to ward the earth. Holland.\n\nTo pare the beak or talons of (a hawk). J. H. Walsh.\n\n1. To exchange or barter. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To encounter; to meet; to have to do with. Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man As e'er my conversation coped withal. Shak. 3. To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to struggle; to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal terms or with success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed by with. Host coped with host, dire was the din of war. Philips. Their generals have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens. Addison.\n\n1. To bargain for; to buy. [Obs.] 2. To make return for; to requite; to repay. [Obs.] three thousand ducats due unto the Jew, We freely cope your courteous pains withal. Shak. 3. To match one's self against; to meet; to encounter. I love to cope him in these sullen fits. Shak. They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle, and struck him down. Shak.", "coped": "Clad in a cope.", - "copeland": null, - "copenhagen": "1. A sweetened hot drink of spirit and beaten eggs. 2. A children's game in which one player is inclosed by a circle of others holding a rope.", - "copernican": "Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (b. 1473, d. 1543), who taught the world the solar system now received, called the Copernican system.", - "copernicus": null, "copes": "1. A covering for the head. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over a door. \"The starry cope of heaven.\" Milton. 3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open in front except at the top, whereit is united by a band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other occasions. Piers plowman. A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes. Bp. Burnet. 4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in derbyshire, England. 5. (Founding) The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part of a loam mold. Knight. De Colange.\n\nTo form a cope or arch; to bend or arch; to bow. [Obs.] Some bending down and coping to ward the earth. Holland.\n\nTo pare the beak or talons of (a hawk). J. H. Walsh.\n\n1. To exchange or barter. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To encounter; to meet; to have to do with. Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man As e'er my conversation coped withal. Shak. 3. To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to struggle; to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal terms or with success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed by with. Host coped with host, dire was the din of war. Philips. Their generals have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens. Addison.\n\n1. To bargain for; to buy. [Obs.] 2. To make return for; to requite; to repay. [Obs.] three thousand ducats due unto the Jew, We freely cope your courteous pains withal. Shak. 3. To match one's self against; to meet; to encounter. I love to cope him in these sullen fits. Shak. They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle, and struck him down. Shak.", "copied": null, "copier": "1. One who copies; one who writes or transcribes from an original; a transcriber. 2. An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence, a plagiarist.", @@ -16660,26 +14523,20 @@ "copious": "Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant; fruitful. Kindly pours its copious treasures forth. Thomson. Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name Shall be the copious matter of my song. Milton. Syn. -- Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full; exuberant; overflowing; full. See Ample.", "copiously": "In a copious manner.", "copiousness": "The state or quality of being copious; abudance; plenty; also, diffuseness in style. To imitatethe copiousness of Homer. Dryden. Syn. -- Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.", - "copland": "A piece of ground terminating in a point or acute angle. [Obs.]", - "copley": null, "copped": "Rising to a point or head; conical; pointed; crested. Wiseman.", "copper": "1. A common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and bronze. Note: Copper is the only metal which occurs native abundantly in large masses; it is found also in various ores, of which the most important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, cuprite, and malachite. Copper mixed with tin forms bell metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with zinc, it forms brass, pinchbeck, and other alloys. 2. A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of copper. [Colloq.] My friends filled my pockets with coppers. Franklin. 3. A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper. 4. pl. Specifically (Naut.), the boilers in the galley for cooking; as, a ship's coppers. Note: Copper is often used adjectively, commonly in the sense of made or consisting of copper, or resembling copper; as, a copper boiler, tube, etc. All in a hot and copper sky. Coleridge. Note: It is sometimes written in combination; as, copperplate, coppersmith, copper-colored. Copper finch. (Zoöl.) See Chaffinch. -- Copper glance, or Vitreous copper. (Min.) See Chalcocite. -- Indigo copper. (Min.) See Covelline.\n\nTo cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship.", - "copperfield": null, "copperhead": "1. (Zoöl.) A poisonous American serpent (Ancistrodon conotortrix), closely allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also copper-belly, and red viper. 2. A nickname applied to a person in the Northern States who sympathized with the South during the Civil War. [U.S.]", "copperheads": "1. (Zoöl.) A poisonous American serpent (Ancistrodon conotortrix), closely allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also copper-belly, and red viper. 2. A nickname applied to a person in the Northern States who sympathized with the South during the Civil War. [U.S.]", "copperplate": "(a) A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing is engraved. (b) An impression on paper taken from such a plate. Note: In printing from a copper- or steel plate the lines are filled with ink, the surface of the plate is wiped clean, the paper laid upon it, and the impression taken by pressing it under the roller of a plate press. Copperplate press. See Plate press, under Plate.", "coppers": "1. A common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and bronze. Note: Copper is the only metal which occurs native abundantly in large masses; it is found also in various ores, of which the most important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, cuprite, and malachite. Copper mixed with tin forms bell metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with zinc, it forms brass, pinchbeck, and other alloys. 2. A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of copper. [Colloq.] My friends filled my pockets with coppers. Franklin. 3. A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper. 4. pl. Specifically (Naut.), the boilers in the galley for cooking; as, a ship's coppers. Note: Copper is often used adjectively, commonly in the sense of made or consisting of copper, or resembling copper; as, a copper boiler, tube, etc. All in a hot and copper sky. Coleridge. Note: It is sometimes written in combination; as, copperplate, coppersmith, copper-colored. Copper finch. (Zoöl.) See Chaffinch. -- Copper glance, or Vitreous copper. (Min.) See Chalcocite. -- Indigo copper. (Min.) See Covelline.\n\nTo cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship.", - "coppertone": null, "coppery": "Mixed with copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper.", "copping": null, - "coppola": null, "copra": "The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which cocoanut oil is expressed. [Written also cobra, copperah, coppra.]", "cops": "The connecting crook of a harrow. [Prov. Eng.]", "copse": "A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice. Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To trim or cut; -- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass, etc. Halliwell. 2. To plant and preserve, as a copse. Swift.", "copses": "A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice. Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To trim or cut; -- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass, etc. Halliwell. 2. To plant and preserve, as a copse. Swift.", "copter": null, "copters": null, - "coptic": "Of or pertaining to the Copts. -- n. The language of the Copts.", "copula": "1. (Logic & Gram.) The word which unites the subject and predicate. 2. (Mus.) The stop which connects the manuals, or the manuals with the pedals; -- called also coupler.", "copulas": "1. (Logic & Gram.) The word which unites the subject and predicate. 2. (Mus.) The stop which connects the manuals, or the manuals with the pedals; -- called also coupler.", "copulate": "1. Joined; associated; coupled. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Gram.) Joining subject and predicate; copulative. F. A. March.\n\nTo unite in sexual intercourse; to come together in the act of generation.", @@ -16715,7 +14572,6 @@ "coquettish": "Practicing or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing. A pretty, coquettish housemaid. W. Irving.", "coquettishly": "In a coquettish manner.", "cor": "A Hebrew measure of capacity; a homer. [Written also core.]", - "cora": "The Arabian gazelle (Gazella Arabica), found from persia to North Africa.", "coracle": "A boat made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and is still used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland. Also, a similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.", "coracles": "A boat made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and is still used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland. Also, a similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.", "coral": "1. (Zoöl.) The hard parts or skeleton of various Anthozoa, and of a few Hydrozoa. Similar structures are also formed by some Bryozoa. Note: The large stony corals forming coral reefs belong to various genera of Madreporaria, and to the hydroid genus, Millepora. The red coral, used in jewelry, is the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian (Corallium rubrum) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The fan corals, plume corals, and sea feathers are species of Gorgoniacea, in which the axis is horny. Organ-pipe coral is formed by the genus Tubipora, an Alcyonarian, and black coral is in part the axis of species of the genus Antipathes. See Anthozoa, Madrepora. 2. The ovaries of a cooked lobster; -- so called from their color. 3. A piece of coral, usually fitted with small bells and other appurtenances, used by children as a plaything. Brain coral, or Brain stone coral. See under Brain. -- Chain coral. See under Chain. -- Coral animal (Zoöl.), one of the polyps by which corals are formed. They are often very erroneously called coral insects. -- Coral fish. See in the Vocabulary. -- Coral reefs (Phys. Geog.), reefs, often of great extent, made up chiefly of fragments of corals, coral sands, and the solid limestone resulting from their consolidation. They are classed as fringing reefs, when they border the land; barrier reefs, when separated from the shore by a broad belt of water; atolls, when they constitute separate islands, usually inclosing a lagoon. See Atoll. -- Coral root (Bot.), a genus (Corallorhiza) of orchideous plants, of a yellowish or brownish red color, parasitic on roots of other plants, and having curious jointed or knotted roots not unlike some kinds of coral. See Illust. under Coralloid. -- Coral snake. (Zo) (a) A small, venomous, Brazilian snake (Elaps corallinus), coral-red, with black bands. (b) A small, harmless, South American snake (Tortrix scytale). -- Coral tree (Bot.), a tropical, leguminous plant, of several species, with showy, scarlet blossoms and coral-red seeds. The best known is Erythrina Corallodendron. -- Coral wood, a hard, red cabinet wood. McElrath.", @@ -16725,7 +14581,6 @@ "cord": "1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted together. 2. A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile of wood, or other coarse material, eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet broad; -- originally measured with a cord or line. 3. Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are caught, held, or drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; as, the cords of the wicked; the cords of sin; the cords of vanity. The knots that tangle human creeds, The wounding cords that bind and strain The heart until it bleeds. Tennyson. 4. (Anat.) Any structure having the appearance of a cord, esp. a tendon or a nerve. See under Spermatic, Spinal, Umbilical, Vocal. 5. (Mus.) See Chord. [Obs.] Cord wood, wood for fuel cut to the length of four feet (when of full measure).\n\n1. To bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with cords; to ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a garment. 2. To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for measurement by the cord.", "cordage": "Ropes or cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or cord, as those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist of ropes.", "corded": "1. Bound or fastened with cords. 2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord. 3. Made of cords. [Obs.] \"A corded ladder.\" Shak. 4. Striped or ribbed with cords; as, cloth with a corded surface. 5. (Her.) Bound about, or wound, with cords.", - "cordelia": null, "cordial": "1. Proceeding from the heart. [Obs.] A rib with cordial spirits warm. Milton. 2. Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate. He . . . with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamored. Milton. 3. Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving strength or spirits. Behold this cordial julep here That flames and dances in his crystal bounds. Milton. Syn. -- Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate; cheering; invigorating. See Hearty.\n\n1. Anything that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates. Charms to my sight, and cordials to my mind. Dryden. 2. (Med) Any invigorating and stimulating preparation; as, a peppermint cordial. 3. (Com.) Aromatized and sweetened spirit, used as a beverage; a liqueur.", "cordiality": "1. Relation to the heart. [Obs.] That the ancients had any respect of cordiality or reference unto the heart, will much be doubted. Sir T. Browne. 2. Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of regard; heartiness. Motley.", "cordially": "In a cordial manner. Dr. H. More.", @@ -16735,7 +14590,6 @@ "cording": null, "cordite": "A smokeless powder composed of nitroglycerin, guncotton, and mineral jelly, and used by the British army and in other services. In making it the ingredients are mixed into a paste with the addition of acetone and pressed out into cords (of various diameters) resembling brown twine, which are dried and cut to length. A variety containing less nitroglycerin than the original is known as cordite M. D.", "cordless": null, - "cordoba": null, "cordon": "1. A cord or ribbon bestowed or borne as a badge of honor; a broad ribbon, usually worn after the manner of a baldric, constituting a mark of a very high grade in an honorary order. Cf. Grand cordon. 2. The cord worn by a Franciscan friar. Sir E. Sandys. 3. (Fort.) The coping of the scarp wall, which projects beyong the face of the wall a few inches. 4. (Mil.) A line or series of sentinels, or of military posts, inclosing or guarding any place or thing. 5. A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to secure a mantle in some costumes of state. Cordon bleu (kd\" bl Etym: [F., blue cordon], a first-rate cook, or one worthy to be the cook of the cordons bleus, or Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for their good dinners. -- Cordon sanitaire (kd\" s Etym: [F., sanitary cordon], a line of troops or military posts around a district infected with disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease from spreading.", "cordoned": null, "cordoning": null, @@ -16753,20 +14607,10 @@ "cores": "A body of individuals; an assemblage. [Obs.] He was in a core of people. Bacon.\n\nA miner's underground working time or shift. Raymond. Note: The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four cores.\n\nA Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer. Num. xi. 32 (Douay version).\n\n1. The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince. A fever at the core, Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore. Byron. 2. The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the core of a ssquare. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. 3. The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the core of a subject. 4. (Founding) The prtion of a mold which shapes the interior of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting, or which makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the mold, made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some part of the casting, the form of which is not determined by that of the pattern. 5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 6. (Anat.) The bony process which forms the central axis of the horns in many animals. Core box (Founding), a box or mold, usually divisible, in which cores are molded. -- Core print (Founding), a projecting piece on a pattern which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in place or steadying a core.\n\n1. To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an apple. He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be cored out. Marston. 2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.", "corespondent": null, "corespondents": null, - "corey": null, - "corfu": null, "corgi": null, "corgis": null, "coriander": "An umbelliferous plant, the Coriandrum sativum, the fruit or seeds of which have a strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative.", - "corina": null, - "corine": null, "coring": null, - "corinne": "The common gazelle (Gazella dorcas). See Gazelle. [Written also korin.]", - "corinth": "1. A city of Greece, famed for its luxury and extravagance. 2. A small fruit; a currant. [Obs.] Broome.", - "corinthian": "1. Of or relating to Corinth. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but more commonly used by the Romans. This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders used by the Greeks. Parker. 3. Debauched in character or practice; impure. Milton. 4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; as, a corinthian race (one in which the contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs.)\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Corinth. 2. A gay, licentious person. [Obs.]", - "corinthians": "1. Of or relating to Corinth. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but more commonly used by the Romans. This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders used by the Greeks. Parker. 3. Debauched in character or practice; impure. Milton. 4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; as, a corinthian race (one in which the contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs.)\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Corinth. 2. A gay, licentious person. [Obs.]", - "coriolanus": null, - "coriolis": null, "cork": "1. The outer layer of the bark of the cork tree (Quercus Suber), of which stoppers for bottles and casks are made. See Cutose. 2. A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork. 3. A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of bark, in greater or less abundance. Note: Cork is sometimes used wrongly for calk, calker; calkin, a sharp piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or ox. Cork jackets, a jacket having thin pieces of cork inclosed within canvas, and used to aid in swimming. -- Cork tree (Bot.), the species of oak (Quercus Suber of Southern Europe) whose bark furnishes the cork of commerce.\n\n1. To stop with a cork, as a bottle. 2. To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on cork. Tread on corked stilts a prisoner's pace. Bp. Hall. Note: To cork is sometimes used erroneously for to calk, to furnish the shoe of a horse or ox with sharp points, and also in the meaning of cutting with a calk.", "corkage": "The charge made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking care of bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.", "corked": "having acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; as, a bottle of wine is corked.", @@ -16778,9 +14622,7 @@ "corkscrewed": null, "corkscrewing": null, "corkscrews": "An instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing corks from bottles. Corkscrew starts, a spiral staircase around a solid newel.\n\nTo press forward in a winding way; as, to corksrew one's way through a crowd. [Colloq.] Dickens.", - "corleone": null, "corm": "1. (Bot.) A solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See Bulb. 2. (Biol.) Same as Cormus, 2.", - "cormack": null, "cormorant": "1. (Zoöl.) Any species of Phalacrocorax, a genus of sea birds having a sac under the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and hence are called sea ravens, and coalgeese. [Written also corvorant.] 2. A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous servant. B. Jonson.", "cormorants": "1. (Zoöl.) Any species of Phalacrocorax, a genus of sea birds having a sac under the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and hence are called sea ravens, and coalgeese. [Written also corvorant.] 2. A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous servant. B. Jonson.", "corms": "1. (Bot.) A solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See Bulb. 2. (Biol.) Same as Cormus, 2.", @@ -16796,10 +14638,6 @@ "corneal": "Pertaining to the cornea.", "corneas": "The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior. See Eye.", "corned": null, - "corneille": null, - "cornelia": null, - "cornelius": null, - "cornell": null, "corner": "1. The point where two converging lines meet; an angle, either external or internal. 2. The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which meet in a point; as, the chimney corner. 3. An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the center; hence, any quarter or part. From the four corners of the earth they come. Shak. 4. A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of the way place; a nook. This thing was not done in a corner. Acts xxvi. 26. 5. Direction; quarter. Sits the wind in that corner! Shak. 6. The state of things produced by a combination of persons, who buy up the whole or the available part of any stock or species of property, which compels those who need such stock or property to buy of them at their own price; as, a corner in a railway stock. [Broker's Cant] Corner stone, the stone which lies at the corner of two walls, and unites them; the principal stone; especially, the stone which forms the corner of the foundation of an edifice; hence, that which is fundamental importance or indispensable. \"A prince who regarded uniformity of faith as the corner stone of his government.\" Prescott. -- Corner tooth, one of the four teeth which come in a horse's mouth at the age of four years and a half, one on each side of the upper and of the lower jaw, between the middle teeth and the tushes.\n\n1. To drive into a corner. 2. To drive into a position of great difficaulty or hopeless embarrassment; as, to corner a person in argument. 3. To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so as to be able to put one's own price on it; as, to corner the shares of a railroad stock; to corner petroleum.", "cornered": "1 Having corners or angles. 2. In a possition of great difficulty; brought to bay.", "cornering": null, @@ -16821,8 +14659,6 @@ "cornily": null, "corniness": null, "corning": null, - "cornish": "Of or pertaining to Cornwall, in England. Cornish chough. See Chough. -- Cornish engine, a single-acting pumping engine, used in mines, in Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A heavy pump rod or plunger, raised by the steam, forces up the water by its weight, in descending.\n\nThe dialect, or the people, of Cornwall.", - "cornishes": null, "cornmeal": null, "cornrow": null, "cornrowed": null, @@ -16834,15 +14670,12 @@ "cornstarch": "Starch made from Indian corn, esp. a fine white flour used for puddings, etc.", "cornucopia": "1. The horn of plenty, from which fruits and flowers are represented as issuing. It is an emblem of abundance. 2. pl. (Bot.) A genus of grasses bearing spikes of flowers resembling the cornucopia in form. Note: Some writers maintain that this word should be written, in the singular, cornu copiæ, and in the plural, cornua copiæ.", "cornucopias": "1. The horn of plenty, from which fruits and flowers are represented as issuing. It is an emblem of abundance. 2. pl. (Bot.) A genus of grasses bearing spikes of flowers resembling the cornucopia in form. Note: Some writers maintain that this word should be written, in the singular, cornu copiæ, and in the plural, cornua copiæ.", - "cornwall": null, - "cornwallis": null, "corny": "Strong, stiff, or hard, like a horn; resembling horn. Up stood the cornu reed. Milton.\n\n1. Producing corn or grain; furnished with grains of corn. [R.] \"The corny ear.\" Prior. 2. Containing corn; tasting well of malt. [R.] A draught of moist and corny ale. Chaucer. 3. Tipsy. [Vulgar, Eng.] Forby.", "corolla": "The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves, called petals. It is usually distinguished from the calyx by the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its colors. See the Note under Blossom.", "corollaries": null, "corollary": "1. That which is given beyond what is actually due, as a garland of flowers in addition to wages; surplus; something added or superfluous. [Obs.] Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary, Rather than want a spirit. Shak. 2. Something which follows from the demonstration of a proposition; an additional inference or deduction from a demonstrated proposition; a consequence.", "corollas": "The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves, called petals. It is usually distinguished from the calyx by the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its colors. See the Note under Blossom.", "corona": "1. A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services. 2. (Arch.) The projecting part of a Classic cornice, the under side of which is cut with a recess or channel so as to form a drip. See Illust. of Column. 3. (Anat.) The upper surface of some part, as of a tooth or the skull; a crown. 4. (Zoöl.) The shelly skeleton of a sea urchin. 5. (Astrol.) A peculiar luminous apearance, or aureola, which surrounds the sun, and which is seen only when the sun is totally eclipsed by the moon. 6. (Bot.) (a) An inner appendage to a petal or a corolla, often forming a special cup, as in the daffodil and jonquil. (b) Any crownlike appendage at the top of an organ. 7. (Meteorol.) (a) A circle, usually colored, seen in peculiar states of the atmosphere around and close to a luminous body, as the sun or moon. (b) A peculiar phase of the aurora borealis, formed by the concentration or convergence of luminous beams around the point in the heavens indicated by the direction of the dipping needle. 8. A crown or circlet suspended from the roof or vaulting of churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions. It is sometimes formed of double or triple circlets, arranged pyramidically. Called also corona lucis. Fairholt. 9. (Mus.) A character [] called the pause or hold.", - "coronado": null, "coronal": "1. Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses). The coronal light during the eclipse is faint. Abney. 2. Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or coronation. The law and his coronal oath require his undeniable assent to what laws the Parliament agree upon. Milton. 3. Of or pertaining to the top of the head or skull. 4. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the shell of a sea urchin. Coronal suture (Anat.), a suture extending across the skull between the parietal and frontal bones; the frontoparietal suture.\n\n1. A crown; wreath; garland. Spenser. 2. The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore their coronæ or garlands. Hooper.", "coronals": "1. Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses). The coronal light during the eclipse is faint. Abney. 2. Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or coronation. The law and his coronal oath require his undeniable assent to what laws the Parliament agree upon. Milton. 3. Of or pertaining to the top of the head or skull. 4. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the shell of a sea urchin. Coronal suture (Anat.), a suture extending across the skull between the parietal and frontal bones; the frontoparietal suture.\n\n1. A crown; wreath; garland. Spenser. 2. The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore their coronæ or garlands. Hooper.", "coronaries": null, @@ -16856,7 +14689,6 @@ "coroners": "An officer of the peace whose principal duty is to inquire, with the help of a jury, into the cause of any violent, sudden or mysterious death, or death in prison, usually on sight of the body and at the place where the death occurred. [In England formerly also written and pronounced crowner.] Note: In some of the United States the office of coroner is abolished, that of medical examiner taking its place. Coroner's inquest. See under Inquest.", "coronet": "1. An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the shape and character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the mark of high rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used by Shakespeare to denote also a kingly crown. Without a star, a coronet, or garter. Goldsmith. Note: The coronet of the Prince of Wales consist of a circlet of gold with four crosses pattée around the edge between as many fleurs-de- lis. The center crosses are connected by an arch which is surmounted by a globe or cross. The coronet of a British duke is adorned with strawberry leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls interposed; that of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that of a viscount is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has only four pearls. 2. (Far.) The upper part of a horse's hoof, where the horn terminates in skin. James White. 3. (Anc. Armor) The iron head of a tilting spear; a coronel. Crose.", "coronets": "1. An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the shape and character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the mark of high rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used by Shakespeare to denote also a kingly crown. Without a star, a coronet, or garter. Goldsmith. Note: The coronet of the Prince of Wales consist of a circlet of gold with four crosses pattée around the edge between as many fleurs-de- lis. The center crosses are connected by an arch which is surmounted by a globe or cross. The coronet of a British duke is adorned with strawberry leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls interposed; that of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that of a viscount is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has only four pearls. 2. (Far.) The upper part of a horse's hoof, where the horn terminates in skin. James White. 3. (Anc. Armor) The iron head of a tilting spear; a coronel. Crose.", - "corot": null, "corp": null, "corpora": null, "corporal": "A noncommissioned officer, next below a sergeant. In the United States army he is the lowest noncomissioned officer in a company of infantry. He places and relieves sentinels. Corporal's guard, a detachment such as would be in charge of a corporal for guard duty, etc.; hence, derisively, a very small number of persons. -- Lance corporal, an assistant corporal on private's pay. Farrow. -- Ship's corporal (Naut.), a petty officer who assists the master at arms in his various duties.\n\n1. Belonging or relating to the body; bodily. \"Past corporal toil.\" Shak. Pillories and other corporal infections. Milton. Corporal punishment (law), punishment applied to the body of the offender, including the death penalty, whipping, and imprisonment. 2. Having a body or substance; not spiritual; material. In this sense now usually written corporeal. Milton. A corporal heaven . . . .where the stare are. Latimer. What seemed corporal melted As breath into the wind. Shak. Syn. -- Corporal, Bodily, Corporeal. Bodily is opposed to mental; as, bodily affections. Corporeal refers to the whole physical structure or nature, of the body; as, corporeal substance or frame. Corporal, as now used, refers more to punishment or some infliction; as, corporal punishment. To speak of corporeal punishment is an error. Bodily austerities; the corporeal mold.\n\nA fine linen cloth, on which the sacred elements are consecrated in the eucharist, or with which they are covered; a communion cloth. Corporal oath, a solemn oath; -- so called from the fact that it was the ancient usage for the party taking it to touch the corporal, or cloth that covered the consecrated elements.", @@ -16900,7 +14732,6 @@ "correctness": "The state or quality of being correct; as, the correctness of opinions or of manners; correctness of taste; correctness in writing or speaking; the correctness of a text or copy. Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; precision; propriety.", "corrector": "One who, or that which, corrects; as, a corrector of abuses; a corrector of the press; an alkali is a corrector of acids.", "corrects": "Set right, or made straight; hence, conformable to truth, rectitude, or propriety, or to a just standard; nnot faulty or imperfect; free from error; as, correct behavior; correct views. Always use the most correct editions. Felton. Syn. -- Accurate; right, exact; precise; regular; faultless. See Accurate.\n\n1. To make right; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety; to rectify; as, to correct manners or principles. This is a defect in the first make of same men's minds which can scarce ever be corrected afterwards. T. Burnet. 2. To remove or retrench the faults or errors of; to amend; to set right; as, to correct the proof (that is, to mark upon the margin the changes to be made, or to make in the type the changes so marked). 3. To bring back, or attempt to bring back, to propriety in morals; to reprove or punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline; as, a child should be corrected for lying. My accuser is my 'prentice; and when I did correct him for his fault the other day, he did vow upon his knees he would be even with me. Shak. 4. To counteract the qualities of one thing by those of another; -- said of whatever is wrong or injurious; as, to correct the acidity of the stomach by alkaline preparations. Syn. -- To amend; rectify; emend; reform; improve; chastise; punish; discipline; chasten. See Amend.", - "correggio": null, "correlate": "To have reciprocal or mutual relations; to be mutually related. Doctrine and worship correlate as theory and practice. Tylor.\n\nTo put in relation with each other; to connect together by the disclosure of a mutual relation; as, to correlate natural phenomens. Darwin.\n\nOne who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to something else, as father to son; a correlative. South.", "correlated": null, "correlates": "To have reciprocal or mutual relations; to be mutually related. Doctrine and worship correlate as theory and practice. Tylor.\n\nTo put in relation with each other; to connect together by the disclosure of a mutual relation; as, to correlate natural phenomens. Darwin.\n\nOne who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to something else, as father to son; a correlative. South.", @@ -16923,7 +14754,6 @@ "corridors": "1. (Arch.) A gallery or passageway leading to several apartments of a house. 2. (Fort.) The covered way lying round the whole compass of the fortifications of a place. [R.]", "corrie": "Same as Correi. [Scot.] Geikie.", "corries": "Same as Correi. [Scot.] Geikie.", - "corrine": null, "corroborate": "1. To make strong, or to give additional strength to; to strengthen. [Obs.] As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the nerves of the body are corroborated thereby. I. Watts. 2. To make more certain; to confirm; to establish. The concurrence of all corroborates the same truth. I. Taylor.\n\nCorroborated. [Obs.] Bacon.", "corroborated": null, "corroborates": "1. To make strong, or to give additional strength to; to strengthen. [Obs.] As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the nerves of the body are corroborated thereby. I. Watts. 2. To make more certain; to confirm; to establish. The concurrence of all corroborates the same truth. I. Taylor.\n\nCorroborated. [Obs.] Bacon.", @@ -16968,31 +14798,22 @@ "corseted": null, "corseting": null, "corsets": "1. In the Middle Ages, a gown or basque of which the body was close fitting, worn by both men and women. 2. An article of dress inclosing the chest and waist worn (chiefly by women) to support the body or to modify its shape; stays.\n\nTo inclose in corsets.", - "corsica": null, - "corsican": null, "cortege": "A train of attendants; a procession.", "corteges": "A train of attendants; a procession.", - "cortes": "The legislative assembly, composed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of cities, which in Spain and in Portugal answers, in some measure, to the Parliament of Great Britain.", - "corteses": null, "cortex": "1. Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering. 2. (Med.) Bark; rind; specifically, cinchona bark. 3. (Anat.) The outer or superficial part of an organ; as, the cortex or gray exterior substance of the brain.", "cortical": "Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer; superficial; as, the cortical substance of the kidney.", "cortices": null, "cortisol": null, "cortisone": null, - "cortland": null, "corundum": "The earth alumina, as found native in a crystalline state, including sapphire, which is the fine blue variety; the oriental ruby, or red sapphire; the oriental amethyst, or purple sapphire; and adamantine spar, the hair-brown variety. It is the hardest substance found native, next to the diamond. Note: The name corundum is sometimes restricted to the non- transparent or coarser kinds. Emery is a dark-colored granular variety, usually admixed with magnetic iron ore.", "coruscate": "To glitter in flashes; to flash. Syn. -- To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.", "coruscated": null, "coruscates": "To glitter in flashes; to flash. Syn. -- To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.", "coruscating": null, "coruscation": "1. A sudden flash or play of light. A very vivid but exceeding short-lived splender, not to call coruscation. Boyle. 2. A flash of intellectual brilliancy. He might have illuminated his times with the incessant cor of his genius. I. Taylor. Syn. -- Flash; glitter; blaze; gleam; sparkle.", - "corvallis": null, "corvette": "A war vessel, ranking next below a frigate, and having usually only one tier of guns; -- called in the United States navy a sloop of war.", "corvettes": "A war vessel, ranking next below a frigate, and having usually only one tier of guns; -- called in the United States navy a sloop of war.", - "corvus": null, - "cory": null, "cos": null, - "cosby": null, "cosh": null, "coshed": null, "coshes": null, @@ -17032,14 +14853,12 @@ "cosmopolitanism": "The quality of being cosmopolitan; cosmopolitism.", "cosmopolitans": "One who has no fixed residence, or who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world.\n\n1. Having no fixed residence; at home in any place; free from local attachments or prejudices; not provincial; liberal. In other countries taste is perphaps too exclusively national, in Germany it is certainly too cosmopolite. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. Common everywhere; widely spread; found in all parts of the world. The Cheiroptera are cosmopolitan. R. Owen.", "cosmos": "1. The universe or universality of created things; -- so called from the order and harmony displayed in it. 2. The theory or description of the universe, as a system displaying order and harmony. Humboldt.", - "cosmosdb": null, "cosmoses": null, "cosplay": null, "cosponsor": null, "cosponsored": null, "cosponsoring": null, "cosponsors": null, - "cossack": "One of a warlike, pastoral people, skillful as horsemen, inhabiting different parts of the Russian empire and furnishing valuable contingents of irregular cavalry to its armies, those of Little Russia and those of the Don forming the principal divisions.", "cosset": "A lamb reared without the aid of the dam. Hence: A pet, in general.\n\nTo treat as a pet; to fondle. She was cosseted and posseted and prayed over and made much of. O. W. Holmes.", "cosseted": null, "cosseting": null, @@ -17051,16 +14870,13 @@ "costarred": null, "costarring": null, "costars": null, - "costco": null, "costed": null, - "costello": null, "costing": null, "costings": null, "costlier": null, "costliest": null, "costliness": "The quality of being costy; expensiveness; sumptuousness.", "costly": "1. Of great cost; expensive; dear. He had fitted up his palace in the most costly and sumptuous style, for the accomodation of the princess. Prescott. 2. Gorgeous; sumptuous. [Poetic.] To show how costly summer was at hand. Shak.", - "costner": null, "costs": "1. A rib; a side; a region or coast. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Betwixt the costs of a ship. B. Jonson. 2. (Her.) See Cottise.\n\n1. To require to be given, expended, or laid out therefor, as in barter, purchase, acquisition, etc.; to cause the cost, expenditure, relinquishment, or loss of; as, the ticket cost a dollar; the effort cost his life. A d'amond gone, cost me two thousand ducats. Shak. Though it cost me ten nights' watchings. Shak. 2. To require to be borne or suffered; to cause. To do him wanton rites, whichcost them woe. Milton. To cost dear, to require or occasion a large outlay of money, or much labor, self-denial, suffering, etc.\n\n1. The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for anything bought or taken in barter; charge; expense; hence, whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., is requisite to secure benefitt. One day shall crown the alliance on 't so please you, Here at my house, and at my proper cost. Shak. At less cost of life than is often expended in a skirmish, [Charles V.] saved Europe from invasion. Prescott. 2. Loss of any kind; detriment; pain; suffering. I know thy trains, Though dearly to my cost, thy gins and toils. Milton. 3. pl. (Law) Expenses incurred in litigation. Note: Costs in actions or suits are either between attorney and client, being what are payable in every case to the attorney or counsel by his client whether he ultimately succeed or not, or between party and party, being those which the law gives, or the court in its discretion decrees, to the prevailing, against the losing, party. Bill of costs. See under Bill. -- Cost free, without outlay or expense. \"Her duties being to talk French, and her privileges to live cost free and to gather scraps of knowledge.\" Thackeray.", "costume": "1. Dress in general; esp., the distinctive style of dress of a people, class, or period. 2. Such an arrangement of accessories, as in a picture, statue, poem, or play, as is appropriate to the time, place, or other circumstances represented or described. I began last night to read Walter Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel . . . .I was extremely delighted with the poetical beauty of some parts . . . .The costume, too, is admirable. Sir J. Mackintosh. 3. A character dress, used at fancy balls or for dramatic purposes.", "costumed": null, @@ -17080,10 +14896,7 @@ "cotes": "1. A cottage or hut. [Obs.] 2. A shed, shelter, or inclosure for small domestic animals, as for sheep or doves. Watching where shepherds pen their flocks, at eve, In hurdled cotes. Milton.\n\nTo go side by side with; hence, to pass by; to outrun and get before; as, a dog cotes a hare. [Obs.] Drayton. We coted them on the way, and hither are they coming. Shak.\n\nTo quote. [Obs.] Udall.", "cotillion": "1. A brisk dance, performed by eight persons; a quadrille. 2. A tune which regulates the dance. 3. A kind of woolen material for women's skrits.", "cotillions": "1. A brisk dance, performed by eight persons; a quadrille. 2. A tune which regulates the dance. 3. A kind of woolen material for women's skrits.", - "cotonou": null, - "cotopaxi": null, "cots": "1. A small house; a cottage or hut. The sheltered cot, the cultivated farm. Goldsmith. 2. A pen, coop, or like shelter for small domestic animals, as for sheep or pigeons; a cote. 3. A cover or sheath; as, a roller cot (the clothing of a drawing roller in a spinning frame); a cot for a sore finger. 4. Etym: [Cf. Ir. cot.] A small, rudely-formed boat. Bell cot. (Arch.) See under Bell.\n\nA sleeping place of limited size; a little bed; a cradle; a piece of canvas extended by a frame, used as a bed. [Written also cott.]", - "cotswold": "An open country abounding in sheepcotes, as in the Cotswold hills, in Gloucestershire, England. Cotswold sheep, a long-wooled breed of sheep, formerly common in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester, Eng.; -- so called from the Cotswold Hills. The breed is now chiefly amalgamated with others.", "cottage": "A small house; a cot; a hut. Note: The term was formerly limited to a habitation for the poor, but is now applied to any small tasteful dwelling; and at places of summer resort, to any residence or lodging house of rustic architecture, irrespective of size. Cottage allotment. See under Alloment. [Eng.] -- Cottage cheese, the thick part of clabbered milk strained, salted, and pressed into a ball.", "cottager": "1. One who lives in a cottage. 2. (Law) One who lives on the common, without paying any rent, or having land of his own.", "cottagers": "1. One who lives in a cottage. 2. (Law) One who lives on the common, without paying any rent, or having land of his own.", @@ -17126,7 +14939,6 @@ "coulis": null, "coulomb": "The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit having a resistance of one ohm, or the quantitty transferred by one ampère in one second. Formerly called weber.", "coulombs": "The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit having a resistance of one ohm, or the quantitty transferred by one ampère in one second. Formerly called weber.", - "coulter": "Same as Colter.", "council": "1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation, deliberation, or advice; as, a council of physicians for consultation in a critical case. 2. A body of man elected or appointed to constitute an advisory or a legislative assembly; as, a governor's council; a city council. An old lord of the council rated me the other day. Shak. 3. Act of deliberating; deliberation; consultation. Satan . . . void of rest, His potentates to council called by night. Milton. O great in action and in council wise. Pope. Aulic council. See under Aulic. -- Cabinet council. See under Cabinet. -- City council, the legislative branch of a city government, usually consisting of a board of aldermen and common council, but sometimes otherwise constituted. -- Common council. See under Common. -- Council board, Council table, the table round which a council holds consultation; also, the council itself in deliberation. -- Council chamber, the room or apartment in which a council meets. -- Council fire, the ceremonial fire kept burning while the Indians hold their councils. [U.S.] Barilett. -- Council of war, an assembly of officers of high rank, called to consult with the commander in chief in regard to measures or importance or nesessity. -- Ecumenical council (Eccl.), an assembly of prelates or divines convened from the whole body of the church to regulate matters of doctrine or discipline. -- Executive council, a body of men elected as advisers of the chief magistrate, whether of a State or the nation. [U.S.] -- Legislative council, the upper house of a legislature, usually called the senate. -- Privy council. See under Privy. [Eng.] Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament; convention; convocation; synod.", "councilman": "A member of a council, especially of the common council of a city; a councilor.", "councilmen": null, @@ -17275,7 +15087,6 @@ "countywide": null, "coup": "A sudden stroke; an unexpected device or stratagem; -- a term used in various ways to convey the idea of promptness and force. Coup de grace (ke gr Etym: [F.], the stroke of mercy with which an executioner ends by death the sufferings of the condemned; hence, a decisive, finishing stroke. -- Coup de main (ke m Etym: [F.] (Mil.), a sudden and unexpected movement or attack. -- Coup de soleil (k Etym: [F.] (Med.), a sunstroke. See Sunstroke. -- Coup d'état (k Etym: [F.] (Politics), a sudden, decisive exercise of power whereby the existing government is subverted without the consent of the people; an unexpected measure of state, more or less violent; a stroke of policy. -- Coup d'oeil (k. Etym: [F.] (a) A single view; a rapid glance of the eye; a comprehensive view of a scene; as much as can be seen at one view. (b) The general effect of a picture. (c) (Mil.) The faculty or the act of comprehending at a glance the weakness or strength of a military position, of a certain arrangement of troops, the most advantageous position for a battlefield, etc.", "coupe": "1. The front compartment of a French diligence; also, the front compartment (usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on British railways. 2. A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons inside, with an outside seat for the driver; -- so called because giving the appearance of a larger carriage cut off.", - "couperin": null, "coupes": "1. The front compartment of a French diligence; also, the front compartment (usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on British railways. 2. A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons inside, with an outside seat for the driver; -- so called because giving the appearance of a larger carriage cut off.", "couple": "1. That which joins or links two things together; a bond or tie; a coupler. [Obs.] It is in some sort with friends as it is with dogs in couples; they should be of the same size and humor. L'Estrange. I'll go in couples with her. Shak. 2. Two of the same kind connected or considered together; a pair; a brace. \"A couple of shepherds.\" Sir P. Sidney. \"A couple of drops\" Adduson. \"A couple of miles.\" Dickens. \"A couple of weeks.\" Carlyle. Adding one to one we have the complex idea of a couple. Locke. [Ziba] met him with a couple of asses saddled. 2 Sam. xvi. 1. 3. A male and female associated together; esp., a man and woman who are married or betrothed. Such were our couple, man and wife. Lloyd. Fair couple linked in happy, nuptial league. Milton. 4. (Arch.) See Couple-close. 5. (Elec.) One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a voltaic battery; -- called a voltaic couple or galvanic couple. 6. (Mech.) Two rotations, movements, etc., which are equal in amount but opposite in direction, and acting along parallel lines or around parallel axes. Note: The effect of a couple of forces is to produce a rotation. A couple of rotations is equivalent to a motion of translation.\n\n1. To link or tie, as one thing to another; to connect or fasten together; to join. Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds, . . . And couple Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach. Shak. 2. To join in wedlock; to marry. [Colloq.] A parson who couples all our beggars. Swift.\n\nTo come together as male and female; to copulate. [Obs.] Milton. Bacon.", "coupled": null, @@ -17291,7 +15102,6 @@ "courageous": "Possessing, or characterized by, courage; brave; bold. With this victory, the women became most courageous and proud, and the men waxed . . . fearful and desperate. Stow. Syn. -- Gallant; brave; bold; daring; valiant; valorous; heroic; intrepid; fearless; hardy; stout; adventurous; enterprising. See Gallant.", "courageously": "In a courageous manner.", "courageousness": "The quality of being courageous; courage.", - "courbet": null, "courgette": null, "courgettes": null, "courier": "1. A messenger sent with haste to convey letters or dispatches, usually on public busuness. The wary Bassa . . . by speedy couriers, advertised Solyman of the enemy's purpose. Knolles. 2. An attendant on travelers, whose business it is to make arrangements for their convenience at hotels and on the way.", @@ -17325,7 +15135,6 @@ "courtliest": null, "courtliness": "The quality of being courtly; elegance or dignity of manners.", "courtly": "1. Relating or belonging to a court. 2. Elegant; polite; courtlike; flattering. In courtly company or at my beads. Shak. 3. Disposed to favor the great; favoring the policy or party of the court; obsequious. Macualay.\n\nIn the manner of courts; politely; gracefully; elegantly. They can produce nothing so courtly writ. Dryden", - "courtney": null, "courtroom": null, "courtrooms": null, "courts": "1. An inclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different building; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley. The courts the house of our God. Ps. cxxxv. 2. And round the cool green courts there ran a row Cf cloisters. Tennyson. Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable court. Macualay. 2. The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or ether dignitary; a palace. Attends the emperor in his royal court. Shak. This our court, infected with their manners, Shows like a riotous inn. Shak. 3. The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in aithority; all the surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state. My lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door would speak with you. Shak. Love rules the court, the camp, the grove. Sir. W. Scott. 4. Any formal assembling of the retinue of a sovereign; as, to hold a court. The princesses held their court within the fortres. Macualay. 5. Attention directed to a person in power; conduct or address designed to gain favor; courtliness of manners; civility; compliment; flattery. No solace could her paramour intreat Her once to show, ne court, nor dalliance. Spenser. I went to make my court to the Dike and Duches of Newcastle. Evelyn. 6. (Law) (a) The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered. (b) The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of causes. (c) A tribunal established for the administration of justice. (d) The judge or judges; as distinguished from the counsel or jury, or both. Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. Shak. 7. The session of a judicial assembly. 8. Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical. 9. A place arranged for playing the game of tennis; also, one of the divisions of a tennis court. Christian court, the English ecclesiastical courts in the aggregate, or any one of them. -- Court breeding, education acquired at court. -- Court card. Same as Coat card. -- Court circular, one or more paragraphs of news respecting the sovereign and the royal family, together with the proceedings or movements of the court generally, supplied to the newspapers by an officer specially charged with such duty. [Eng.] Edwards. -- Court day, a day on which a court sits to administer justice. -- Court dress, the dress prescribed for appearance at the court of a sovereign. -- Court fool, a buffoon or jester, formerly kept by princes and nobles for their amusement. -- Court guide, a directory of the names and adresses of the nobility and gentry in a town. -- Court hand, the hand or manner of writing used in records and judicial proceedings. Shak. -- Court lands (Eng. Law), lands kept in demesne, -- that is, for the use of the lord and his family. -- Court marshal, one who acts as marshal for a court. -- Court party, a party attached to the court. -- Court rolls, the records of a court. SeeRoll. -- Court in banc, or Court in bank, The full court sitting at its regular terms for the hearing of arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at nisi prius. -- Court of Arches, audience, etc. See under Arches, Audience, etc. -- Court of Chancery. See Chancery, n. -- Court of Common pleas. (Law) See Common pleas, under Common. -- Court of Equity. See under Equity, and Chancery. -- Court of Inquiry (Mil.) , a court appointed to inquire into and report on some military matter, as the conduct of an officer. -- Court of St. James, the usual designation of the British Court; - - so called from the old palace of St. James, which is used for the royal receptions, levees, and drawing-rooms. -- The court of the Lord, the temple at Jerusalem; hence, a church, or Christian house of worship. -- General Court, the legislature of a State; -- so called from having had, in the colonial days, judical power; as, the General Court of Massachusetts. [U.S.] -- To pay one's court, to seek to gain favor by attentions. \"Alcibiades was assiduous in paying his court to Tissaphernes.\" Jowett. -- To put out of court, to refuse further judicial hearing.\n\n1. To endeavor to gain the favor of by attention or flattery; to try to ingratiate one's self with. By one person, hovever, Portland was still assiduously courted. Macualay. 2. To endeavor to gain the affections of; to seek in marriage; to woo. If either of you both love Katharina . . . leave shall you have to court her at your pleasure. Shak. 3. To attempt to gain; to solicit; to seek. They might almost seem to have courted the crown of martyrdem. Prescott. Guilt and misery . . . court privacy and silitude. De Quincey. 4. To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract. A well-worn pathway courted us To one green wicket in a privet hedge. Tennyson.\n\n1. To play the lover; to woo; as, to go courting.", @@ -17336,7 +15145,6 @@ "couscous": "A kind of food used by the natives of Western Africa, made of millet flour with flesh, and leaves of the baobab; -- called also lalo.", "cousin": "1. One collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister; especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt. Note: The children of brothers and sisters are usually denominated first cousins, or cousins-german. In the second generation, they are called second cousins. See Cater-cousin, and Quater-cousin. Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son, A cousin-german to great Priam's seed. Shak. 2. A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council. In English writs, etc., issued by the crown, it signifies any earl. My noble lords and cousins, all, good morrow. Shak.\n\nAllied; akin. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "cousins": "1. One collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister; especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt. Note: The children of brothers and sisters are usually denominated first cousins, or cousins-german. In the second generation, they are called second cousins. See Cater-cousin, and Quater-cousin. Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son, A cousin-german to great Priam's seed. Shak. 2. A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council. In English writs, etc., issued by the crown, it signifies any earl. My noble lords and cousins, all, good morrow. Shak.\n\nAllied; akin. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "cousteau": null, "couture": null, "couturier": null, "couturiers": null, @@ -17350,8 +15158,6 @@ "covenanting": "Belonging to a covenant. Specifically, belonging to the Scotch Covenanters. Be they covenanting traitors, Or the brood of false Argyle Aytoun.", "covenants": "1. A mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, or one of the stipulations in such an agreement. Then Jonathan and David made a covenant. 1 Sam. xviiii. 3. Let there be covenants drawn between us. Shak. If we conclude a peace, It shall be with such strict and severe covenants As little shall the Frenchmen gain thereby. Shak. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) An agreement made by the Scottish Parliament in 1638, and by the English Parliament in 1643, to preserve the reformed religion in Scotland, and to extirpate popery and prelacy; -- usually called the \"Solemn League and Covenant.\" He [Wharton] was born in the days of the Covenant, and was the heir of a covenanted house. Macualay. 3. (Theol.) The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures, conditioned on certain terms on the part of man, as obedience, repentance, faith, etc. I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. Gen. xvii. 7. 4. A solemn compact between members of a church to maintain its faith, discipline, etc. 5. (Law) (a) An undertaking, on sufficient consideration, in writing and under seal, to do or to refrain from some act or thing; a contract; a stipulation; also, the document or writing containing the terms of agreement. (b) A form of action for the violation of a promise or contract under seal. Syn. -- Agreement; contract; compact; bargain; arrangement; stipulation. -- Covenant, Contract, Compact, Stipulation. These words all denote a mutual agreement between two parties. Covenant is frequently used in a religious sense; as, the covenant of works or of grace; a church covenant; the Solemn League and Covenant. Contract is the word most used in the business of life. Crabb and Taylor are wrong in saying that a contract must always be in writing. There are oral and implied contracts as well as written ones, and these are equally enforced by law. In legal usage, the word covenant has an important place as connected with contracts. A compact is only a stronger and more solemn contract. The term is chiefly applied to political alliances. Thus, the old Confederation was a compact between the States. Under the present Federal Constitution, no individual State can, without consent of Congress, enter into a compact with any other State or foreign power. A stipulation is one of the articles or provisions of a contract.\n\nTo agree (with); to enter into a formal agreement; to bind one's self by contract; to make a stipulation. Jupiter covenanted with him, that it should be hot or cold, wet or dry, . . . as the tenant should direct. L'Estrange. And they covenanted with him for thyrty pieces of silver. Matt. xxvi. 15. Syn. -- To agree; contract; bargain; stipulate.\n\nTo grant or promise by covenant. My covenant of peace that I covenanted with you. Wyclif.", "covens": null, - "coventries": null, - "coventry": "A town in the county of Warwick, England. To send to Coventry, to exclude from society; to shut out from social intercourse, as for ungentlemanly conduct. -- Coventry blue, blue thread of a superior dye, made at Coventry, England, and used for embroidery.", "cover": "1. To overspread the surface of (one thing) with another; as, to cover wood with paint or lacquer; to cover a table with a cloth. 2. To envelop; to clothe, as with a mantle or cloak. And with the majesty of darkness round Covers his throune. Milton. All that beauty than doth cover thee. Shak. 3. To invest (one's self with something); to bring upon (one's self); as, he covered himself with glory. The powers that covered themselves with everlasting infamy by the partition of Poland. Brougham. 4. To hide sight; to conceal; to cloak; as, the snemy were covered from our sight by the woods. A cloud covered the mount. Exod. xxiv. 15. In vain shou striv'st to cover shame with shame. Milton. 5. To brood or sit on; to incubate. While the hen is covering her eggs, the male . . . diverts her with his songs. Addison. 6. To overwhelm; to spread over. The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen. Ex. xiv. 28. 7. To shelter, as from evil or danger; to protect; to defend; as, the cavalry covered the retreat. His calm and blameless life Does with substantial blessedness abound, And the soft wings of peace cover him round. Cowley. 8. To remove from remembrance; to put away; to remit.\"Blessed is he whose is covered.\" Ps. xxxii. 1. 9. To extend over; to be sufficient for; to comprehend, include, or embrace; to account for or solve; to counterbalance; as, a mortgage which fully covers a sum loaned on it; a law which covers all possible cases of a crime; receipts than do not cover expenses. 10. To put the usual covering or headdress on. Cover thy head . . . ; nay, prithee, be covered. Shak. 11. To copulate with (a female); to serve; as. a horse covers a mare; -- said of the male. To cover ground or distance, to pass over; as, the rider covered the ground in an hour. -- To cover one's short contracts (Stock Exchange), to buy stock when the market rises, as a dealer who has sold short does in order to protect himself. -- Covering party (Mil.), a detachment of troops sent for the protection of another detachment, as of men working in the trenches. -- To cover into, to transfer to; as, to cover into the treasury. Syn. -- To shelter; screen; shield; hide; overspread.\n\n1. Anything which is laid, set, or spread, upon, about, or over, another thing; an envelope; a lid; as, the cover of a book. 2. Anything which weils or conceals; a screen; disguise; a cloack. \"Under cover of the night.\" Macualay. A hendsome cover for imperfections. Collier. 3. Shelter; protection; as, the troops fought under cover of the batteries; the woods afforded a good cover. Being compelled to lodge in the field . . . whilst his army was under cover, they might be forced to retire. Clarendon. 4. (Huntig) The woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter and conceal game; covert; as, to beat a cover; to ride to cover. 5. That portion of a slate, tile, or shingle, which is hidden by the overlap of the course above. Knight. 6. (Steam Engine) The lap of a slide valve. 7. Etym: [Cf. F. couvert.] A tablecloth, and the other table furniture; esp., the table furniture for the use of one person at a meal; as, covers were laid for fifty guests. To break cover, to start from a covert or lair; -- said of game. -- Under cover, in an envelope, or within a letter; -- said of a written message. Letters . . . dispatched under cover to her ladyship. Thackeray.\n\nTo spread a table for a meal; to prepare a banquet. [Obs.] Shak.", "coverage": "The aggregate of risks covered by the terms of a contract of insurance.", "coverall": null, @@ -17376,8 +15182,6 @@ "covets": "1. To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of; -- used in a good sen Covet earnestly the best gifts. 1. Cor. xxii. 31. If it be a sin to covet honor, I am the most offending soul alive. Shak. 2. To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to hanker after (something forbidden). Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house. Ex. xx. 17. Syn: To long for; desire; hanker after; crave.\n\nTo have or indulge inordinate desire. Which [money] while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith. 1 Tim. vi. 10.", "covey": "1. A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her brood of young; hence, a small flock or number of birds together; -- said of game; as, a covey of partridges. Darwin. 2. A company; a bevy; as, a covey of girls. Addison.\n\nTo brood; to incubate. [Obs.] [Tortoises] covey a whole year before they hatch. Holland.\n\nA pantry. [Prov. Eng.] Parker.", "coveys": "1. A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her brood of young; hence, a small flock or number of birds together; -- said of game; as, a covey of partridges. Darwin. 2. A company; a bevy; as, a covey of girls. Addison.\n\nTo brood; to incubate. [Obs.] [Tortoises] covey a whole year before they hatch. Holland.\n\nA pantry. [Prov. Eng.] Parker.", - "covid": null, - "covington": null, "cow": "A chimney cap; a cowl\n\n1. The mature female of bovine animals. 2. The female of certain large mammals, as whales, seals, etc.\n\nTo depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to overawe. To vanquish a people already cowed. Shak. THe French king was cowed. J. R. Green.\n\nA wedge, or brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a chock. Knight.", "coward": "1. (Her.) Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs; -- said of a lion. 2. Destitute of courage; timid; cowardly. Fie, coward woman, and soft-hearted wretch. Shak. 3. Belonging to a coward; proceeding from, or expressive of, base fear or timidity. He raised the house with loud and coward cries. Shak. Invading fears repel my coward joy. Proir.\n\nA person who lacks courage; a timid or pusillanimous person; a poltroon. A fool is nauseous, but a coward worse. Dryden. Syn. -- Craven; poltroon; dastard.\n\nTo make timoroys; to frighten. [Obs.] That which cowardeth a man's heart. Foxe.", "cowardice": "Want of courage to face danger; extreme timidity; pusillanimity; base fear of danger or hurt; lack of spirit. The cowardice of doing wrong. Milton. Moderation was despised as cowardice. Macualay.", @@ -17393,7 +15197,6 @@ "cowcatcher": "A strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front of a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on a railway, as cattle; the pilot. [U.S.]", "cowcatchers": "A strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front of a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on a railway, as cattle; the pilot. [U.S.]", "cowed": null, - "cowell": null, "cower": "To stoop by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; hence, to quail; to sink through fear. Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire. Dryden. Like falcons, cowering on the nest. Goldsmith.\n\nTo cherish with care. [Obs.]", "cowered": null, "cowering": null, @@ -17408,7 +15211,6 @@ "cowhides": "1. The hide of a cow. 2. Leather made of the hide of a cow. 3. A coarse whip made of untanned leather.\n\nTo flog with a cowhide.", "cowing": null, "cowl": "1. A monk's hood; -- usually attached to the gown. The nname was also applied to the hood and garment together. What differ more, you cry, than crown and cowl Pope. 2. A cowl-shaped cap, commonly turning with the wind, used to improve the draft of a chimney, ventilatingshaft, etc. 3. A wire cap for the smokestack of a locomotive.\n\nA vessel carried on a pole between two persons, for conveyance of water. Johnson.", - "cowley": null, "cowlick": "A tuft of hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead), as if licked by a cow.", "cowlicks": "A tuft of hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead), as if licked by a cow.", "cowling": null, @@ -17420,7 +15222,6 @@ "coworkers": "One who works with another; a co", "cowpat": null, "cowpats": null, - "cowper": null, "cowpoke": null, "cowpokes": null, "cowpox": "A pustular eruptive disease of the cow, which, when communicated to the human system, as by vaccination, protects from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also kinepox, cowpock, and kinepock. Dunglison.", @@ -17444,7 +15245,6 @@ "coy": "1. Quiet; still. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Shrinking from approach or familiarity; reserved; bashful; shy; modest; -- usually applied to women, sometimes with an implication of coquetry. Coy, and difficult to win. Cowper. Coy and furtive graces. W. Irving. Nor the coy maid, half willings to be pressed, Shall kiss the cup, to pass it to the rest. Goldsmith. 3. Soft; gentle; hesitating. Enforced hate, Instead of love's coy touch, shall rudely tear thee. Shak. Syn. -- Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward; distant.\n\n1. To allure; to entice; to decoy. [Obs.] A wiser generation, who have the art to coy the fonder sort into their nets. Bp. Rainbow. 2. To caress with the hand; to stroke. Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed, While I thy amiable cheeks do coy. Shak.\n\n1. To behave with reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach or familiarity. [Obs.] Thus to coy it, With one who knows you too! Rowe. 2. To make difficulty; to be unwilling. [Obs.] If he coyed To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at home. Shak.", "coyer": null, "coyest": null, - "coyle": null, "coyly": "In a coy manner; with reserve.", "coyness": "The quality of being coy; feigned o When the kind nymph would coyness feign, And hides but to be found again. Dryden. Syn. -- Reserve; shrinking; shyness; backwardness; modesty; bashfulness.", "coyote": "A carnivorous animal (Canis latrans), allied to the dog, found in the western part of North America; -- called also prairie wolf. Its voice is a snapping bark, followed by a prolonged, shrill howl.", @@ -17461,19 +15261,11 @@ "coziest": null, "cozily": "Snugly; comfortably.", "coziness": "The state or quality of being cozy.", - "cozumel": null, "cozy": "1. Snug; comfortable; easy; contented. [Written also cosey and cosy.] 2. Etym: [Cf. F. causer to chat, talk.] Chatty; talkative; sociable; familiar. [Eng.]\n\nA wadded covering for a teakettle or other vessel to keep the contents hot.", - "cpa": null, "cpd": null, - "cpi": null, "cpl": null, - "cpo": null, - "cpr": null, "cps": null, - "cpu": null, - "cr": null, "crab": "1. (Zoöl.) One of the brachyuran Crustacea. They are mostly marine, and usually have a broad, short body, covered with a strong shell or carapace. The abdomen is small and curled up beneath the body. Note: The name is applied to all the Brachyura, and to certain Anomura, as the hermit crabs. Formerly, it was sometimes applied to Crustacea in general. Many species are edible, the blue crab of the Atlantic coast being one of the most esteemed. The large European edible crab is Cancer padurus. Soft-shelled crabs are blue crabs that have recently cast their shells. See Cancer; also, Box crab, Fiddler crab, Hermit crab, Spider crab, etc., under Box, Fiddler. etc. 2. The zodiacal constellation Cancer. 3. Etym: [See Crab, a.] (Bot.) A crab apple; -- so named from its harsh taste. When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl, Then nightly sings the staring owl. Shak. 4. A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a crabstick. [Obs.] Garrick. 5. (Mech.) (a) A movable winch or windlass with powerful gearing, used with derricks, etc. (b) A form of windlass, or geared capstan, for hauling ships into dock, etc. (c) A machine used in ropewalks to stretch the yarn. (d) A claw for anchoring a portable machine. Calling crab. (Zoöl.) See Fiddler., n., 2. -- Crab apple, a small, sour apple, of several kinds; also, the tree which bears it; as, the European crab apple (Pyrus Malus var.sylvestris); the Siberian crab apple (Pyrus baccata); and the American (Pyrus coronaria). -- Crab grass. (Bot.) (a) A grass (Digitaria, or Panicum, sanguinalis); -- called also finger grass. (b) A grass of the genus Eleusine (E. Indica); -- called also dog's-tail grass, wire grass, etc. -- Crab louse (Zoöl.), a species of louse (Phthirius pubis), sometimes infesting the human body. -- Crab plover (Zoöl.), an Asiatic plover (Dromas ardeola). -- Crab's eyes, or Crab's stones, masses of calcareous matter found, at certain seasons of the year, on either side of the stomach of the European crawfishes, and formerly used in medicine for absorbent and antacid purposes; the gastroliths. -- Crab spider (Zoöl.), one of a group of spiders (Laterigradæ); -- called because they can run backwards or sideways like a crab. -- Crab tree, the tree that bears crab applies. -- Crab wood, a light cabinet wood obtained in Guiana, which takes a high polish. McElrath. -- To catch a crab (Naut.), a phrase used of a rower: (a) when he fails to raise his oar clear of the water; (b) when he misses the water altogether in making a stroke.\n\n1. To make sour or morose; to embitter. [Obs.] Sickness sours or crabs our nature. Glanvill. 2. To beat with a crabstick. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.\n\nTo drift sidewise or to leeward, as a vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\nSour; rough; austere. The crab vintage of the neighb'ring coast. Dryden.", - "crabbe": null, "crabbed": "1. Characterized by or manifesting, sourness, peevishness, or moroseness; harsh; cross; cynical; -- applied to feelings, disposition, or manners. Crabbed age and youth can not live together. Shak. 2. Characterized by harshness or roughness; unpleasant; -- applied to things; as, a crabbed taste. 3. Obscure; difficult; perplexing; trying; as, a crabbed author. \"Crabbed eloquence.\" Chaucer. How charming is divine philosophy! Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fools suppose. Milton. 4. Cramped; irregular; as, crabbed handwriting. -- Crab\"bed*ly, adv. -- Crab\"bed*ness, n.", "crabber": "One who catches crabs.", "crabbers": "One who catches crabs.", @@ -17535,7 +15327,6 @@ "cragginess": "The state of being craggy.", "craggy": "Full of crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as, the craggy side of a mountain. \"The craggy ledge.\" Tennyson.", "crags": "1. A steep, rugged rock; a cough, broken cliff, or point of a rock, on a ledge. From crag to crag the signal fiew. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Geol.) A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed with shells, of the Tertiary age.\n\n1. The neck or throat [Obs.] And bear the crag so stiff and so state. Spenser. 2. The neck piece or scrag of mutton. Johnson.", - "craig": null, "cram": "1. To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket; to cram a room with people. Their storehouses crammed with grain. Shak. He will cram his brass down our throats. Swift. 2. To fill with food to satiety; to stuff. Children would be freer from disease if they were not crammed so much as they are by fond mothers. Locke. Cram us with praise, and make us As fat as tame things. Shak. 3. To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination; as, a pupil is crammed by his tutor.\n\n1. To eat greedly, and to satiety; to stuff. Gluttony . . . . Cr, and blasphemes his feeder. Milton. 2. To make crude preparation for a special occasion, as an examination, by a hasty and extensive course of memorizing or study. [Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of cramming. 2. Innformation hastily memorized; as. a cram from an examination. [Colloq.] 3. (Weaving) A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.", "crammed": null, "crammer": "One who crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an exxamination, or a pupil who is thus prepared. Dickens.", @@ -17548,7 +15339,6 @@ "crampons": "An a", "cramps": "1. That which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shakle; a hindrance. A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind. L'Estrange. Crippling his pleasures with the cramp of fear. Cowper. 2. (Masonry) A device, usually of iron bent at the ends, used to hold together blocks of stone, timbers, etc.; a cramp iron. 3. (Carp.) A rectangular frame, with a tightening screw, used for compressing the jionts of framework, etc. 4. A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to that of the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape. 5. (Med.) A spasmodic and painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, as of the leg. The cramp, divers nights, gripeth him in his legs. Sir T. More. Cramp bone, the patella of a sheep; -- formerly used as a charm for the cramp. Halliwell. \"He could turn cramp bones into chess men.\" Dickens. -- Cramp ring, a ring formerly supposed to have virtue in averting or curing cramp, as having been consecrated by one of the kings of England on Good Friday.\n\n1. To compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and contract; to hinder. The mind my be as much cramped by too much knowledge as by ignorance. Layard. 2. To fasten or hold with, or as with, a cramp. 3. Hence, to bind together; to unite. The . . . fabric of universal justic is well cramped and bolted together in all its parts. Burke. 4. To form on a cramp; as, to cramp boot legs. 5. To afflict with cramp. When the gout cramps my joints. Ford. To cramp the wheels of wagon, to turn the front wheels out of line with the hind wheels, so that one of them shall be against the body of the wagon.\n\nKnotty; difficult. [R.] Care being taken not to add any of the cramp reasons for this opinion. Coleridge.", "crams": "1. To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket; to cram a room with people. Their storehouses crammed with grain. Shak. He will cram his brass down our throats. Swift. 2. To fill with food to satiety; to stuff. Children would be freer from disease if they were not crammed so much as they are by fond mothers. Locke. Cram us with praise, and make us As fat as tame things. Shak. 3. To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination; as, a pupil is crammed by his tutor.\n\n1. To eat greedly, and to satiety; to stuff. Gluttony . . . . Cr, and blasphemes his feeder. Milton. 2. To make crude preparation for a special occasion, as an examination, by a hasty and extensive course of memorizing or study. [Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of cramming. 2. Innformation hastily memorized; as. a cram from an examination. [Colloq.] 3. (Weaving) A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.", - "cranach": null, "cranberries": null, "cranberry": "A red, acid berry, much used for making sauce, etc.; also, the plant producing it (several species of Vaccinum or Oxycoccus.) The high cranberry or cranberry tree is a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), and the other is sometimes called low cranberry or marsh cranberry to distinguish it.", "crane": "A measure for fresh herrings, -- as many as will fill a barrel. [Scot.] H. Miller.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) A wading bird of the genus Grus, and allied genera, of various species, having a long, straight bill, and long legs and neck. Note: The common European crane is Grus cinerea. The sand-hill crane (G. Mexicana) and the whooping crane (G. Americana) are large American species. The Balearic or crowned crane is Balearica pavonina. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the herons and cormorants. 2. A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights, and, while holding them suspended, transporting them through a limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post or base, and the necessary tackle, windlass, etc.; -- so called from a fancied similarity between its arm and the neck of a crane See Illust. Of Derrick. 3. An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to the side or back of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc., over a fire. 4. A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask. 5. (Naut.) A forked post or projecting bracket to support spars, etc., -- generally used in pairs. See Crotch, 2. Crane fly (Zoöl.), a dipterous insect with long legs, of the genus Tipula. -- Derrick crane. See Derrick. -- Gigantic crane. (Zoöl.) See Adjutant, n., 3. -- Traveling crane, Traveler crane, Traversing crane (Mach.), a crane mounted on wheels; esp., an overhead crane consisting of a crab or other hoisting apparatus traveling on rails or beams fixed overhead, as in a machine shop or foundry. -- Water crane, a kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout, for filling locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with water.\n\n1. To cause to rise; to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with up. [R.] What engines, what instruments are used in craning up a soul, sunk below the center, to the highest heavens. Bates. An upstart craned up to the height he has. Massinger. 2. To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck; as, to crane the neck disdainfully. G. Eliot.\n\nto reach forward with head and neck, in order to see better; as, a hunter cranes forward before taking a leap. Beaconsfield. Thackeray. The passengers eagerly craning forward over the bulwarks. Howells. CRANE'S-BILL Crane's\"-bill` (krnz\"bl`), n. 1. (Bot.) The geranium; -- so named from the long axis of the fruit, which resembles the beak of a crane. Dr. Prior. 2. (Surg.) A pair of long-beaked forceps.", @@ -17571,7 +15361,6 @@ "crankshaft": null, "crankshafts": null, "cranky": "1. Full of spirit; crank. 2. Addicted to crotchets and whims; unreasonable in opinions; crotchety. [Colloq.] 3. Unsteady; easy to upset; crank.", - "cranmer": null, "crannied": "Having crannies, chinks, or fissures; as, a crannied wall. Tennyson.", "crannies": null, "cranny": "1. A small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as in a wall, or other substance. In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be filled with rubbish, but with brick or stone fitted to the crannies. Dryden. He peeped into every cranny. Arbuthnot. 2. (Glass Making) A tool for forming the necks of bottles, etc.\n\n1. To crack into, or become full of, crannies. [R.] The ground did cranny everywhere. Golding. 2. To haunt, or enter by, crannies. All tenantless, save to the cranning wind. Byron.\n\nQuick; giddy; thoughtless. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", @@ -17621,7 +15410,6 @@ "craw": "(a) The crop of a bird. (b) The stomach of an animal.", "crawdad": null, "crawdads": null, - "crawford": "A Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, wich yellow flesh, first raised by Mr. William Crawford, of New Jersey.", "crawl": "1. To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move slowly on hands and kness; to creep. A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling, as it crawls from one thing to another. Grew. 2. Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or timorous manner. He was hardly able to crawl about the room. Arbuthnot. The meanest thing that crawl'd beneath my eyes. Byron. 3. To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate one's self; to advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious conduct. Secretly crawling up the battered walls. Knolles. Hath crawled into the favor of the king. Shak. Absurd opinions crawl about the world. South. 4. To have a sensation as of insect creeping over the body; as, the flesh crawls. See Creep, v. i. ,7.\n\nThe act or motion of crawling;\n\nA pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast, for holding fish.", "crawled": null, "crawler": "One who, or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.", @@ -17702,7 +15490,6 @@ "creatures": "1. Anything created; anything not self-existent; especially, any being created with life; an animal; a man. He asked water, a creature so common and needful that it was against the law of nature to deny him. Fuller. God's first creature was light. Bacon. On earth, join, all ye creatures, to extol Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. Milton. And most attractive is the fair result Of thought, the creature of a polished mind. Cowper. 2. A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment; as, a poor creature; a pretty creature. The world hath not a sweeter creature. Shak. 3. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; a servile dependent; an instrument; a tool. A creature of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen. Shak. Both Charles himself and his creature, Laud. Macualay. 4. A general term among farmers for horses, oxen, etc. Creature comforts, those which minister to the comfort of the body.", "creche": "A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.", "creches": "A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.", - "crecy": null, "cred": null, "credence": "1. Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sources than personal knowledge; belief; credit; confidence. To give credence to the Scripture miracles. Trench. An assertion which might easily find credence. Macualay. 2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence; as, a letter of credence. 3. (Eccl.) The small table by the side of the altar or communion table, on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated. 4. A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.\n\nTo give credence to; to believe. [Obs.]", "credential": "Giving a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting. Their credential letters on both sides. Camden.\n\n1. That which gives a title to credit or confidence. 2. pl. Testimonials showing that a person is entitled to credit, or has right to exercise official power, as the letters given by a government to an ambassador or envoy, or a certificate that one is a duly elected delegate. The committee of estates excepted against the credentials of the English commissioners. Whitelocke. Had they not shown undoubted credentials from the Divine Person who sent them on such a message. Addison.", @@ -17730,7 +15517,6 @@ "credulous": "1. Apt to believe on slight evidence; easly imposed upon; unsuspecting. Landor. Eve, our credulous mother. Milton. 2. Believed too readily. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.", "credulously": "With credulity.", "credulousness": "Readiness to believe on slight evidence; credulity. Beyond all credulity is the credulousness of atheists. S. Clarke.", - "cree": null, "creed": "1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive. In the Protestant system the creed is not coördinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. 2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to. I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed. Shak. Apostles' creed, Athanasian creed, Nicene creed. See under Apostle, Athanasian, Nicene.\n\nTo believe; to credit. [Obs.] That part which is so creeded by the people. Milton.", "creeds": "1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive. In the Protestant system the creed is not coördinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. 2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to. I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed. Shak. Apostles' creed, Athanasian creed, Nicene creed. See under Apostle, Athanasian, Nicene.\n\nTo believe; to credit. [Obs.] That part which is so creeded by the people. Milton.", "creek": "1. A small inlet or bay, narrower and extending further into the land than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river. Each creek and cavern of the dangerous shore. Cowper. They discovered a certain creek, with a shore. Acts xxvii. 39. 2. A stream of water smaller than a river and larger than a brook. Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated creeks. Goldsmith. 3. Any turn or winding. The passages of alleys, creeks, and narrow lands. Shak.", @@ -17747,8 +15533,6 @@ "creeping": "1. Crawling, or moving close to the ground. \"Every creeping thing.\" Gen. vi. 20. 2. Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or to a wall, etc., by means of rootlets or tendrils. Casements lined with creeping herbs. Cowper. Ceeping crowfoot (Bot.), a plant, the Ranunculus repens.- Creeping snowberry, an American plant (Chiogenes hispidula) with white berries and very small round leaves having the flavor of wintergreen.", "creeps": "1. To move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the belly, as a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the hands and knees; to crawl. Ye that walk The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton. 2. To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from unwillingness, fear, or weakness. The whining schoolboy . . . creeping, like snail, Unwillingly to school. Shak. Like guilty thing, Icreep. Tennyson. 3. To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself or one's self; as, age creeps upon us. The sothistry which creeps into most of the books of argument. Locke. Of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women. 2. Tim. iii. 6. 4. To slip, or to become slightly displaced; as, the collodion on a negative, or a coat of varnish, may creep in drying; the quicksilver on a mirror may creep. 5. To move or behave with servility or exaggerated humility; to fawn; as, a creeping sycophant. To come as humbly as they used to creep. Shak. 6. To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to some other support by means of roots or rootlets, or by tendrils, along its length. \"Creeping vines.\" Dryden. 7. To have a sensation as of insects creeping on the skin of the body; to crawl; as, the sight made my flesh creep. See Crawl, v. i.,4. 8. To drag in deep water with creepers, as for recovering a submarine cable.\n\n1. The act or process of creeping. 2. A distressing sensation, or sound, like that occasioned by the creeping of insects. A creep of undefinable horror. Blackwood's Mag. Out of the stillness, with gathering creep, Like rising wind in leaves. Lowell. 3. (Mining) A slow rising of the floor of a gallery, occasioned by the pressure of incumbent strata upon the pillars or sides; a gradual movement of mining ground.", "creepy": "Crawly; having or producing a sensation like that caused by insects creeping on the skin. [Colloq.] One's whole blood grew curdling and creepy. R. Browning.", - "crees": "An Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of British America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Hudson's Bay.", - "creighton": null, "cremains": null, "cremate": "To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of fire, either directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or incinerate; as, to cremate a corpse, instead of burying it.", "cremated": null, @@ -17771,7 +15555,6 @@ "crenelations": "The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an indentation or an embrasure. [Written also crenellation.]", "creole": "One born of European parents in the American colonies of France or Spain or in the States which were once such colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent, who is a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico. Note: \"The term creole negro is employed in the English West Indies to distinguish the negroes born there from the Africans imported during the time of the slave trade. The application of this term to the colored people has led to an idea common in some parts of the United States, though wholly unfounded, that it implies an admixture greater or less of African blood.\" R. Hildreth. Note: \"The title [Creole] did not first belong to the descendants of Spanish, but of French, settlers, But such a meaning implied a certain excellence of origin, and so came early to include any native of French or Spanish descent by either parent, whose nonalliance with the slave race entitled him to social rank. Later, the term was adopted by, not conceded to, the natives of mixed blood, and is still so used among themselves. . . . Besides French and Spanish, there are even, for convenience of speech, 'colored' Creoles; but there are no Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee' Creoles, unless of parentage married into, and themselves thoroughly proselyted in, Creole society.\" G. W. Cable.\n\nOf or pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles. Note: In New Orleans the word Creole is applied to any product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana; as, Creole ponies, chickens, cows, shoes, eggs, wagons, baskets, etc.", "creoles": "One born of European parents in the American colonies of France or Spain or in the States which were once such colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent, who is a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico. Note: \"The term creole negro is employed in the English West Indies to distinguish the negroes born there from the Africans imported during the time of the slave trade. The application of this term to the colored people has led to an idea common in some parts of the United States, though wholly unfounded, that it implies an admixture greater or less of African blood.\" R. Hildreth. Note: \"The title [Creole] did not first belong to the descendants of Spanish, but of French, settlers, But such a meaning implied a certain excellence of origin, and so came early to include any native of French or Spanish descent by either parent, whose nonalliance with the slave race entitled him to social rank. Later, the term was adopted by, not conceded to, the natives of mixed blood, and is still so used among themselves. . . . Besides French and Spanish, there are even, for convenience of speech, 'colored' Creoles; but there are no Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee' Creoles, unless of parentage married into, and themselves thoroughly proselyted in, Creole society.\" G. W. Cable.\n\nOf or pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles. Note: In New Orleans the word Creole is applied to any product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana; as, Creole ponies, chickens, cows, shoes, eggs, wagons, baskets, etc.", - "creon": null, "creosote": "Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid, of a burning smoky taste, colorless when pure, but usually colored yellow or brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex mixture of various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by the distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood. Note: It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in the preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the prevention of putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide, and in this respect has been overrated. Smoked meat, as ham, owes its preservation and taste to a small quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to which it is exposed. Carbolic acid is phenol proper, while creosote is a mixture of several phenols. Coal-tar creosote (Chem.), a colorless or yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in composition and properties.\n\nTo saturate or impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the prevention of decay.", "creosoted": null, "creosotes": "Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid, of a burning smoky taste, colorless when pure, but usually colored yellow or brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex mixture of various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by the distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood. Note: It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in the preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the prevention of putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide, and in this respect has been overrated. Smoked meat, as ham, owes its preservation and taste to a small quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to which it is exposed. Carbolic acid is phenol proper, while creosote is a mixture of several phenols. Coal-tar creosote (Chem.), a colorless or yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in composition and properties.\n\nTo saturate or impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the prevention of decay.", @@ -17785,7 +15568,6 @@ "crescent": "1. The increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when defined by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to the old or decreasing moon in a like state. 2. Anything having the shape of a crescent or new moon. 3. A representation of the increasing moon, often used as an emblem or badge; as: (a) A symbol of Artemis, or Diana. (b) The ancient symbol of Byzantium or Constantinople. Hence: (c) The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking of Constantinople. The cross of our faith is replanted, The pale, dying crescent is daunted. Campbell. 4. Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the second by René of Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred upon foreigners to whom Turkey might be indebted for valuable services. Brande & C. 5. (Her.) The emblem of the increasing moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; -- often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and his descendants.\n\n1. Shaped like a crescent. Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns. Milton. 2. Increasing; growing. O, I see the crescent promise of my spirit hath not set. Tennyson.\n\n1. To form into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent. [R.] Anna Seward. 2. To adorn with crescents.", "crescents": "1. The increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when defined by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to the old or decreasing moon in a like state. 2. Anything having the shape of a crescent or new moon. 3. A representation of the increasing moon, often used as an emblem or badge; as: (a) A symbol of Artemis, or Diana. (b) The ancient symbol of Byzantium or Constantinople. Hence: (c) The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking of Constantinople. The cross of our faith is replanted, The pale, dying crescent is daunted. Campbell. 4. Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the second by René of Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred upon foreigners to whom Turkey might be indebted for valuable services. Brande & C. 5. (Her.) The emblem of the increasing moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; -- often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and his descendants.\n\n1. Shaped like a crescent. Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns. Milton. 2. Increasing; growing. O, I see the crescent promise of my spirit hath not set. Tennyson.\n\n1. To form into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent. [R.] Anna Seward. 2. To adorn with crescents.", "cress": "A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic. Note: The garden cress, called also peppergrass, is the Lepidium sativum; the water cress is the Nasturtium officinale. Various other plants are sometimes called cresses. To strip the brook with mantling cresses spread. Goldsmith. Bitter cress. See under Bitter. -- Not worth a cress, or \"not worth a kers.\" a common old proverb, now turned into the meaningless \"not worth a curse.\" Skeat.", - "cressida": null, "crest": "1. A tuft, or other excrescence or natural ornament, growing on animal's head; the comb of a cock; the swelling on the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc. Darwin. [Attack] his rising crest, and drive the serpent back. C. Pitt. 2. The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the rank of the weare; hence, also, the helmet. Stooping low his lofty crest. Sir W. Scott. And on his head there stood upright A crest, in token of a knight. Gower. 3. (Her.) A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually above it, or separately as an ornament for plate, liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient cognizance. See Cognizance, 4. 4. The upper curve of a horse's neck. Throwing the base thong from his bending crest. Shak. 5. The ridge or top of wave. Like wave with crest of sparkling foam. Sir W. Scott. 6. The summit of a hill or mountain ridge. 7. The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit; pride; courage. Now the time is come That France must vail her lofty plumed crest. Shak. 8. (Arch.) The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge of a roof, canopy, etc. The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called crest. Parker. 9. (Engin.) The top line of a slope or embankment. Crest tile, a tile made to cover the ridge of a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle. -- Interior crest (Fort.), the highest line of the parapet.\n\n1. To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for. His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm Crested the world. Shak. Mid groves of clouds that crest the mountain's brow. Wordsworth. 2. To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded as like, waving plumes. Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . . Is crested with lines of fiery light. Spenser.\n\nTo form a crest.", "crested": "1. Having a crest. But laced crested helm. Dryden. 2. (Zoöl.) Having a crest of feathers or hair upon the head. \"The crested bird.\" Dryden. 3. (Bott.) Bearing any elevated appendage like a crest, as an elevated line or ridge, or a tuft. Gray.", "crestfallen": "1. With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected; cowed. Let it make thee crestfullen; Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride. Shak. 2. Having the crest, or upper part of the neck, hanging to one side; -- said of a horse.", @@ -17793,9 +15575,6 @@ "crestless": "Without a crest or escutcheon; of low birth. \"Crestless yeomen.\" Shak.", "crests": "1. A tuft, or other excrescence or natural ornament, growing on animal's head; the comb of a cock; the swelling on the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc. Darwin. [Attack] his rising crest, and drive the serpent back. C. Pitt. 2. The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the rank of the weare; hence, also, the helmet. Stooping low his lofty crest. Sir W. Scott. And on his head there stood upright A crest, in token of a knight. Gower. 3. (Her.) A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually above it, or separately as an ornament for plate, liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient cognizance. See Cognizance, 4. 4. The upper curve of a horse's neck. Throwing the base thong from his bending crest. Shak. 5. The ridge or top of wave. Like wave with crest of sparkling foam. Sir W. Scott. 6. The summit of a hill or mountain ridge. 7. The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit; pride; courage. Now the time is come That France must vail her lofty plumed crest. Shak. 8. (Arch.) The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge of a roof, canopy, etc. The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called crest. Parker. 9. (Engin.) The top line of a slope or embankment. Crest tile, a tile made to cover the ridge of a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle. -- Interior crest (Fort.), the highest line of the parapet.\n\n1. To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for. His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm Crested the world. Shak. Mid groves of clouds that crest the mountain's brow. Wordsworth. 2. To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded as like, waving plumes. Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . . Is crested with lines of fiery light. Spenser.\n\nTo form a crest.", "cretaceous": "Having the qualities of chalk;abounding with chalk; chalky; as, cretaceous rocks and formations. See Chalk. Cretaceous acid, an old name for carbonic acid. -- Cretaceous formation (Geol.), the series of strata of various kinds, including beds of chalk, green sand, etc., formed in the Cretaceous period; -- called also the chalk formation. See the Diagram under Geology. -- Cretaceous period (Geol.), the time in the latter part of the Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was deposited.\n\nOf, pertaining to, or designating, the period of time following the Jurassic and preceding the Eocene.", - "cretan": "Pertaining to Crete, or Candia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.", - "cretans": "Pertaining to Crete, or Candia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.", - "crete": "A Cretan", "cretin": "One afflicted with cretinism.", "cretinism": "A condition of endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by physical degeneracy and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in certain mountain valleys, esp. of the Alps.", "cretinous": "Having the characteristics of a cretin. \"Cretinous stupefaction.\" Ruskin.", @@ -17820,7 +15599,6 @@ "cribbers": "A horse that has the habit of cribbing.", "cribbing": "1. The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or in close quarters. 2. Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing. [Colloq.] 3. (Mining) A framework of timbers and plank backing for a shaft lining, to prevent caving, percolation of water, etc. 4. A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The horse lays hold of the crib or manger with his teeth and draws air into the stomach with a grunting sound.", "cribs": "1. A manger or rack; a feeding place for animals. The steer lion at one crib shall meet. Pope. 2. A stall for oxen or other cattle. Where no oxen are, the crib is clean. Prov. xiv. 4. 3. A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a child. 4. A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for storing grain, salt, etc.; as, a crib for corn or oats. 5. A hovel; a hut; a cottage. Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs, . . . Than in the perfumed chambers of the great Shak. 6. (Mining) A structure or frame of timber for a foundation, or for supporting a roof, or for lining a shaft. 7. A structure of logs to be anchored with stones; -- used for docks, pier, dams, etc. 8. A small raft of timber. [Canada] 9. A small theft; anything purloined;; a plagiaris [Colloq.] The Latin version technically called a crib. Ld. Lytton. Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by a crib. Wilkie Collins. 10. A miner's luncheon. [Cant] Raymond. 11. (Card Playing) The discarded cards which the dealer can use in scoring points in cribbage.\n\n1. To shut up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to cramp. If only the vital energy be not cribbed or cramped. I. Taylor. Now I am cabin'd, cribbed, confined. Shak. 2. To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an author; to appropriate; to plagiarize; as, to crib a line from Milton. [Colloq.] Child, being fond of toys, cribbed the necklace. Dickens.\n\n1. To crowd together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in narrow accommodations. [R.] Who sought to make . . . bishops to crib in a Presbyterian trundle bed. Gauden. 2. To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or examination. [College Cant] 3. To seize the manger or other solid object with the teeth and draw in wind; -- said of a horse.", - "crichton": null, "crick": "The creaking of a door, or a noise resembling it. [Obs.] Johnson.\n\n1. A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of some part of the body, as of the neck or back, rendering it difficult to move the part. To those also that, with a crick or cramp, have thei necks drawn backward. Holland. 2. Etym: [Cf. F. cric.] A small jackscrew. Knight.", "cricked": null, "cricket": "An orthopterous insect of the genus Gryllus, and allied genera. The males make chirping, musical notes by rubbing together the basal parts of the veins of the front wings. Note: The common European cricket is Gryllus domesticus; the common large black crickets of America are G. niger, G. neglectus, and others. Balm cricket. See under Balm. -- Cricket bird, a small European bird (Silvia locustella); -- called also grasshopper warbler. -- Cricket frog, a small American tree frog (Acris gryllus); -- so called from its chirping.\n\n1. A low stool. 2. A game much played in England, and sometimes in America, with a ball, bats, and wickets, the players being arranged in two contesting parties or sides. 3. (Arch.) A small false roof, or the raising of a portion of a roof, so as to throw off water from behind an obstacle, such as a chimney.\n\nTo play at cricket. Tennyson.", @@ -17836,8 +15614,6 @@ "cries": null, "crikey": null, "crime": "1. Any violation of law, either divine or human; an omission of a duty commanded, or the commission of an act forbidden by law. 2. Gross violation of human law, in distinction from a misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence, also, any aggravated offense against morality or the public welfare; any outrage or great wrong. \"To part error from crime.\" Tennyson. Note: Crimes, in the English common law, are grave offenses which were originally capitally punished (murder, rape, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as distinguished from misdemeanors, which are offenses of a lighter grade. See Misdemeanors. 3. Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity. Nocrime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. Pope. 4. That which occasion crime. [Obs.] The tree of life, the crime of our first father's fall. Spenser. Capital crime, a crime punishable with death. Syn. -- Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong. -- Crime, Sin,Vice. Sin is the generic term, embracing wickedness of every kind, but specifically denoting an offense as committed against God. Crime is strictly a violation of law either human or divine; but in present usage the term is commonly applied to actions contrary to the laws of the State. Vice is more distinctively that which springs from the inordinate indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in themselves innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc., are vices; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from the indulgence of selfish passions, are crimes.", - "crimea": null, - "crimean": null, "crimes": "1. Any violation of law, either divine or human; an omission of a duty commanded, or the commission of an act forbidden by law. 2. Gross violation of human law, in distinction from a misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence, also, any aggravated offense against morality or the public welfare; any outrage or great wrong. \"To part error from crime.\" Tennyson. Note: Crimes, in the English common law, are grave offenses which were originally capitally punished (murder, rape, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as distinguished from misdemeanors, which are offenses of a lighter grade. See Misdemeanors. 3. Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity. Nocrime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. Pope. 4. That which occasion crime. [Obs.] The tree of life, the crime of our first father's fall. Spenser. Capital crime, a crime punishable with death. Syn. -- Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong. -- Crime, Sin,Vice. Sin is the generic term, embracing wickedness of every kind, but specifically denoting an offense as committed against God. Crime is strictly a violation of law either human or divine; but in present usage the term is commonly applied to actions contrary to the laws of the State. Vice is more distinctively that which springs from the inordinate indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in themselves innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc., are vices; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from the indulgence of selfish passions, are crimes.", "criminal": "1. Guilty of crime or sin. The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us criminal in the sight of God. Rogers. 2. Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; -- said of an act or of conduct; as, criminal carelessness. Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice, not criminal in themselves. Addison. 3. Relating to crime; -- opposed to civil; as, the criminal code. The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal liberty, or other right of the subject . . . were in some cases liable to criminal process. Hallam. Criminal action (Law), an action or suit instituted to secure conviction and punishment for a crime. -- Criminal conversation (Law), unlawful intercourse with a married woman; adultery; -- usually abbreviated, crim. con. -- Criminal law, the law which relates to crimes.\n\nOne who has commited a crime; especially, one who is found guilty by verdict, confession, or proof; a malefactor; a felon.", "criminality": "The quality or state of being criminal; that which constitutes a crime; guiltiness; guilt. This is by no means the only criterion of criminality. Blackstone.", @@ -17871,7 +15647,6 @@ "crinkly": "Having crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.", "crinoline": "1. A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women, for underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; -- so called because originally made of hair. 2. A lady's skirt made of any stiff material; latterly, a hoop skirt.", "crinolines": "1. A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women, for underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; -- so called because originally made of hair. 2. A lady's skirt made of any stiff material; latterly, a hoop skirt.", - "criollo": null, "cripes": null, "cripple": "One who creeps, halts, or limps; one who has lost, or never had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame person; hence, one who is partially disabled. I am a cripple in my limbs; but what decays are in my mind, the reader must determine. Dryden.\n\nLame; halting. [R.] \"The cripple, tardy-gaited night.\" Shak.\n\n1. To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of a leg or foot; to lame. He had crippled the joints of the noble child. Sir W. Scott. 2. To deprive of strength, activity, or capability for service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; as, to be financially crippled. More serious embarrassments . . . were crippling the energy of the settlement in the Bay. Palfrey. An incumbrance which would permanently cripple the body politic. Macaulay.", "crippled": "Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded. \"The crippled crone.\" Longfellow.", @@ -17881,7 +15656,6 @@ "crippleware": null, "crippling": "Spars or timbers set up as a support against the side of a building.", "cripplingly": null, - "crisco": null, "crises": null, "crisis": "1. The point of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive moment; the turning point. This hour's the very crisis of your fate. Dryden. The very times of crisis for the fate of the country. Brougham. 2. (Med.) That change in a disease which indicates whether the result is to be recovery or death; sometimes, also, a striking change of symptoms attended by an outward manifestation, as by an eruption or sweat. Till some safe crisis authorize their skill. Dryden.", "crisp": "1. Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; as, crisp hair. 2. Curled with the ripple of the water. [Poetic] You numphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . . . Leave jour crisp channels. Shak. 3. Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a short, sharp fracture; as, crisp snow. The cakes at tea ate short and crisp. Goldsmith. 4. Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness; in a fresh, unwilted condition. It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and crisp as if it would last ninety years. Leigh Hunt. 5. Lively; sparking; effervescing. Your neat crisp claret. Beau & Fl. 6. Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively. The snug, small room, and the crisp fire. Dickens.\n\n1. To curl; to form into ringlets, as hair, or the nap of cloth; to interweave, as the branches of trees. 2. To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or water; to wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. Crimp. The lover with the myrtle sprays Adorns his crisped tresses. Drayton. Along the crisped shades and bowers. Milton. The crisped brooks, Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold. Milton. 3. To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking. Crisping iron, an instrument by which hair or any textile fabric is crisped. -- Crisping pin, the simplest form of crisping iron. Is. iii. 22.\n\nTo undulate or ripple. Cf. Crisp, v. t. To watch the crisping ripples on the beach. Tennuson.\n\nThat which is crisp or brittle; the state of being crisp or brittle; as, burned to a crisp; specifically, the rind of roasted pork; crackling.", @@ -17902,7 +15676,6 @@ "crisscrossed": null, "crisscrosses": null, "crisscrossing": null, - "cristina": null, "criteria": null, "criterion": "A standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test, by which facts, principles opinions, and conduct are tried in forming a correct judgment respecting them. Of the diseases of the mind there is no criterion. Donne. Inferences founded on such enduring criteria. Sir G. C. Lewis. Syn. -- Standard; measure; rule.", "critic": "1. One skilled in judging of the merits of literary or artistic works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who examines literary or artistic works, etc., and passes judgment upon them; a reviewer. The opininon of the most skillful critics was, that nothing finer [than Goldsmith's \"Traveler\"] had appeared in verse since the fourth book of the \"Dunciad.\" Macaulay. 2. One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment; one who censures or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a caviler; a carper. When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue, piety, and truth, let not little critics exalt themselves, and shower down their ill nature. I. Watts. You know who the critics are the men who have failed in literature and art. Beaconsfield. 3. The art of criticism. [Obs.] Locke. 4. An act of criticism; a critique. [Obs.] And make each day a critic on the last. Pope.\n\nOf or pertaining to critics or criticism; critical. [Obs.] \"Critic learning.\" Pope.\n\nTo criticise; to play the critic. [Obs.] Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never have done. A. Brewer.", @@ -17931,12 +15704,6 @@ "croaking": null, "croaks": "1. To make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a raven, or a crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound. Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog, And the hoarse nation croaked. Pope. 2. To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually. Marat . . . croaks with reasonableness. Carlyle.\n\nTo utter in a low, hoarse voice; to announce by croaking; to forebode; as, to croak disaster. The raven himself is hoarse, That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan. Shak. Two ravens now began to croak Their nuptial song. Wordsworth.\n\nThe coarse, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like sound.", "croaky": null, - "croat": "1. A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race. 2. An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.", - "croatia": null, - "croatian": "Of or pertaining to Croatia. -- n. A Croat.", - "croatians": "Of or pertaining to Croatia. -- n. A Croat.", - "croats": "1. A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race. 2. An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.", - "croce": null, "crochet": "A kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with worsted, silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively. Crochet hook, Crochet needle, a small hook, or a hooked needle (often of bone), used in crochet work.\n\nTo knit with a crochet needle or hook; as, to rochett a shawl.", "crocheted": null, "crocheter": null, @@ -17946,13 +15713,11 @@ "crock": "The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring matter which rubs off from cloth.\n\nTo soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed cloth.\n\nTo give off crock or smut.\n\nA low stool. \"I . . . seated her upon a little crock.\" Tatler.\n\nAny piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher. Like foolish flies about an honey crock. Spenser.\n\nTo lay up in a crock; as, to crock butter. Halliwell.", "crocked": null, "crockery": "Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the coarser kinds.", - "crockett": null, "crocks": "The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring matter which rubs off from cloth.\n\nTo soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed cloth.\n\nTo give off crock or smut.\n\nA low stool. \"I . . . seated her upon a little crock.\" Tatler.\n\nAny piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher. Like foolish flies about an honey crock. Spenser.\n\nTo lay up in a crock; as, to crock butter. Halliwell.", "crocodile": "1. (Zoöl.) A large reptile of the genus Crocodilus, of several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the Nile (C. vulgaris, or C. Niloticus). The Florida crocodile (C. Americanus) is much less common than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the gavial and the alligator. 2. (Logic) A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile. Crocodile bird (Zoöl.), an African plover (Pluvianus ægypticus) which alights upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also Nile bird. It is the trochilos of ancient writers. -- Crocodile tears, false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their prey.", "crocodiles": "1. (Zoöl.) A large reptile of the genus Crocodilus, of several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the Nile (C. vulgaris, or C. Niloticus). The Florida crocodile (C. Americanus) is much less common than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the gavial and the alligator. 2. (Logic) A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile. Crocodile bird (Zoöl.), an African plover (Pluvianus ægypticus) which alights upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also Nile bird. It is the trochilos of ancient writers. -- Crocodile tears, false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their prey.", "crocus": "1. (Bot.) A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. C. vernus is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers; C. sativus produces the saffron, and blossoms in the autumn. 2. (Chem.) A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of iron (Crocus of Mars or colcothar) thus produced from salts of irron, and used as a polishing powder. Crocus of Venus (Old Chem.), oxide of copper.", "crocuses": null, - "croesus": "A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c., and was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; as, he is veritable Croesus.", "croft": "A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm. A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground. Wordsworth.", "crofter": "One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the crofters of Scotland.", "crofters": "One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the crofters of Scotland.", @@ -17960,14 +15725,9 @@ "crofts": "A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm. A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground. Wordsworth.", "croissant": null, "croissants": null, - "cromwell": null, - "cromwellian": null, "crone": "1. An old ewe. [Obs.] Tusser. 2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt. But still the crone was constant to her note. Dryden. 3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old woman. [R.] The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . . which his master had given him. W. Irving. A few old battered crones of office. Beaconsfield.", "crones": "1. An old ewe. [Obs.] Tusser. 2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt. But still the crone was constant to her note. Dryden. 3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old woman. [R.] The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . . which his master had given him. W. Irving. A few old battered crones of office. Beaconsfield.", "cronies": null, - "cronin": null, - "cronkite": null, - "cronus": null, "crony": "1. A crone. [Obs.] \"Marry not an old crony.\" Burton. 2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend. [Colloq.] He soon found his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time. W. Irving.", "cronyism": null, "crook": "1. A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure. Through lanes, and crooks, and darkness. Phaer. 2. Any implement having a bent or crooked end. Especially: (a) The staff used by a shepherd, the hook of which serves to hold a runaway sheep. (b) A bishop's staff of office. Cf. Pastoral stafu. He left his crook, he left his flocks. Prior. 3. A pothook. \"As black as the crook.\" Sir W. Scott. 4. An artifice; trick; tricky device; subterfuge. For all yuor brags, hooks, and crooks. Cranmer. 5. (Mus.) A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or key. 6. A person given to fraudulent practices; an accomplice of thieves, forgers, etc. [Cant, U.S.] By hook or by crook, in some way or other; by fair means or foul.\n\n1. To turn from a straight line; to bend; to curve. Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee. Shak. 2. To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to misapply; to twist. [Archaic] There is no one thing that crooks youth more than such unlawfull games. Ascham. What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he crooketh them to his own ends. Bacon.\n\nTo bend; to curve; to wind; to have a curvature. \" The port . . . crooketh like a bow.\" Phaer. Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a finger long, crooking upwards. Camden.", @@ -17976,7 +15736,6 @@ "crookedest": null, "crookedly": "In a curved or crooked manner; in a perverse or untoward manner.", "crookedness": "The condition or quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of body or of mind; deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.", - "crookes": null, "crooking": null, "crookneck": "Either of two varieties of squash, distinguished by their tapering, recurved necks. The summer crookneck is botanically a variety of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and matures early in the season. It is pale yellow in color, with warty excrescences. The winter crookneck belongs to a distinct species (C. moschata) and is smooth and often striped. [U. S.]", "crooknecks": "Either of two varieties of squash, distinguished by their tapering, recurved necks. The summer crookneck is botanically a variety of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and matures early in the season. It is pale yellow in color, with warty excrescences. The winter crookneck belongs to a distinct species (C. moschata) and is smooth and often striped. [U. S.]", @@ -17998,7 +15757,6 @@ "croquet": "1. An open-air game in which two or more players endeavor to drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a series of hoops or arches set in the ground according to some pattern. 2. The act of croqueting.\n\nIn the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball, after putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's own ball with the mallet.", "croquette": "A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or other ingredients, highly seasoned, and fried.", "croquettes": "A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or other ingredients, highly seasoned, and fried.", - "crosby": null, "crosier": "The pastoral staff of a bishop (also of an archbishop, being the symbol of his office as a shepherd of the flock of God. Note: The true shape of the crosier was with a hooked or curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of regular form. Skeat.", "crosiers": "The pastoral staff of a bishop (also of an archbishop, being the symbol of his office as a shepherd of the flock of God. Note: The true shape of the crosier was with a hooked or curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of regular form. Skeat.", "cross": "1. A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber placed transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a T, or +, with the horizontal piece below the upper end of the upright, or as an X. It was anciently used in the execution of criminals. Nailed to the cross By his own nation. Milton. 2. The sign or mark of the cross, made with the finger, or in ink, etc., or actually represented in some material; the symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity, of a Christian people, and of Christendom. The custom of making the sign of the cross with the hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or preserving from evil, is very old. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray. Sir W. Scott. Tis where the cross is preached. Cowper. 3. Affiction regarded as a test of patience or virtue; trial; disappointment; opposition; misfortune. Heaven prepares a good man with crosses. B. Jonson. 4. A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general. I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I think you have no money in your purse. Shak. 5. An appendage or ornament or anything in the form of a cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape of a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying considerably from that form; thus, the Cross of the British Order of St. George and St. Michael consist of a central medallion with seven arms radiating from it. 6. (Arch.) A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted bu a cross, set up in a public place; as, a market cross; a boundary cross; Charing Cross in London. Dun-Edin's Cross, a pillared stone, Rose on a turret octagon. Sir W. Scott. 7. (Her.) A common heraldic bearing, of which there are many varieties. See the Illustration, above. 8. The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a signature by those unable to write. Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and crosses. Fuller. 9. Church lands. [Ireland] [Obs.] Sir J. Davies. 10. A line drawn across or through another line. 11. Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially in cattle breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid of any kind. Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler. Lord Dufferin. 12. (Surveying) An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course. 13. (Mech.) A pipe-fitting with four branches the axes of which usually form's right angle. Cross and pile, a game with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which bears the cross, or the other, which is called pile, or reverse; the game called heads or tails. -- Cross bottony or bottoné. See under Bottony. -- Cross estoilé (Her.). a cross, each of whose arms is pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star having four long points only. -- Cross of Calvary. See Calvary, 3. -- Southern cross. (Astron.) See under Southern. -- To do a thing on the cross, to act dishonestly; -- opposed to acting on the square. [Slang] -- To take up the cross, to bear troubles and afflictions with patience from love to Christ.\n\n1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique; intersecting. The cross refraction of the second prism. Sir I. Newton. 2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. \"A cross fortune.\" Jer. Taylor. The cross and unlucky issue of my design. Glanvill. The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously cross to the common experience of mankind. South. We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, One must be happy by the other's loss. Dryden. 3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness, fretfullness, or ill humor; as, a cross man or woman. He had received a cross answer from his mistress. Jer. Taylor. 4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories; cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other. Cross action (Law), an action brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract. Burrill. -- Cross aisle (Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a cruciform church. -- Cross axie. (a) (Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press. (b) A driving axle. with cranks set at an angle of 90º with each other. -- Cross bedding (Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal beds, -- Cross bill. See in the Vocabulary. -- Cross bitt. Same as Crosspiece. -- Cross bond, a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and stretchers intervening. See Bond, n., 8. -- Cross breed. See in the Vocabulary. -- Cross breeding. See under Breeding. -- Cross buttock, a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse. Smollet. -- Cross country, across the country; not by the road. \"The cross- country ride.\" Cowper. -- Cross fertilization, the fertilization of the female products of one physiological individual by the male products of another, -- as the fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another. See Fertilization. -- Cross file, a double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of fine wheells. -- Cross fire (Mil.), lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing each other. -- Cross forked. (Her.) See under Forked. -- Cross frog. See under Frog. -- Cross furrow, a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the water running in them and conduct it to the side of the field. -- Cross handle, a handle attached transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur. Knight. -- Cross lode (Mining), a vein intersecting the true or principal lode. -- Cross purpose. See Cross-purpose, in the Vocabulary. -- Cross reference, a reference made from one part of a book or register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is treated of. -- Cross sea (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the waves run in contrary directions. -- Cross stroke, a line or stroke across something, as across the letter t. -- Cross wind, a side wind; an unfavorable wind. -- Cross wires, fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed cross wires are also used in microscopes, etc. Syn. -- Fretful; peevish. See Fretful.\n\nAthwart; across. [Archaic or Colloq.] A fox was taking a walk one night cross a village. L'Estrange. To go cross lots, to go across the fields; totake a short cut. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the arms. 2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the letter t. 3. To pass from one side to the other of; to pass or move over; to traverse; as, to cross a stream. A hunted hare . . . crosses and confounds her former track. I. Watts. 4. To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time. \"Your kind letter crossed mine.\" J. D. Forbes. 5. To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to clash or interfere with. In each thing give him way; cross him in nothing. Shak. An oyster may be crossed onlove. Sheridan. 6. To interfere and cut off; to debar. [Obs.] To cross me from the golden time I look for. Shak. 7. To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun; as, he crossed himself. 8. To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with out, off, or over; as, to cross out a name. 9. To cause to interbreed; -- said of different stoocks or races; to mix the breed of. To cross one's path, to oppose one's plans. Macualay.\n\n1. To lie or be athwart. 2. To move or pass from one side to the other, or from place to place; to make a transit; as, to cross from New York to Liverpool. 3. To be inconsistent. [Obs.] Men's actions do not always cross with reason. Sir P. Sidney. 4. To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct breeds. If two individuals of distinct races cross, a third is invariably produced different from either. Coleridge.", @@ -18086,14 +15844,11 @@ "crowfoot": "1. (Bot.) The genus Ranunculus, of many species; some are common weeds, others are flowering plants of considerable beauty. 2. (Naut.) A number of small cords rove through a long block, or euphroe, to suspend an awning by. 3. (Mil.) A caltrop. [Written also crow's-foot.] 4. (Well Boring) A tool with a side claw for recovering broken rods, etc. Raymond.", "crowfoots": "1. (Bot.) The genus Ranunculus, of many species; some are common weeds, others are flowering plants of considerable beauty. 2. (Naut.) A number of small cords rove through a long block, or euphroe, to suspend an awning by. 3. (Mil.) A caltrop. [Written also crow's-foot.] 4. (Well Boring) A tool with a side claw for recovering broken rods, etc. Raymond.", "crowing": null, - "crowley": null, "crown": "p. p. of Crow. [Obs.]\n\n1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. \"An olive branch and laurel crown.\" Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptiblle. 1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. Rev. ii. 10. 2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc. Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones. 3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. Macaulay. 4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. Junius. 5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Prov. xvi. 4. 6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. Milton. 7. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. Dryden. 8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. Bunyan. 9. The part of a hat above the brim. 10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth. 11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only. 12. (Bot.) Same as Corona. 13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. Totten. 14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. 15. The dome of a furnace. 16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters. 17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. 18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper. 19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents. 20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. -- Crown antler (Zoöl.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim. -- Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace. -- Crown glass. See under Glass. -- Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. [Eng.] \"She pawned and set to sale the crown jewels.\" Milton. -- Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign. -- Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] -- Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.] -- Crown octavo. See under Paper. -- Crown office. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown paper. See under Paper. -- Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. -- Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. -- Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. -- Crown shell. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell. -- Crown side. See Crown office. -- Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. 1 Macc. x. 20. -- Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown work. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.\n\n1. To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with royal dignity and power. Her who fairest does appear, Crown her queen of all the year. Dryden. Crown him, and say, \"Long live our emperor.\" Shak. 2. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify. Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and honor. Ps. viii. 5. 3. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect. Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill. Byron. One day shall crown the alliance. Shak. To crown the whole, came a proposition. Motley. 4. (Mech.) To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face of a machine pulley. 5. (Mil.) To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach. To crown a knot (Naut.), to lay the ends of the strands over and under each other.", "crowned": "1. Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested, or adorned, with a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored; rewarded; completed; consummated; perfected. \"Crowned with one crest.\" Shak. \"Crowned with conquest.\" Milton. With surpassing glory crowned. Milton. 2. Great; excessive; supreme. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "crowning": null, "crowns": "p. p. of Crow. [Obs.]\n\n1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. \"An olive branch and laurel crown.\" Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptiblle. 1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. Rev. ii. 10. 2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc. Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones. 3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. Macaulay. 4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. Junius. 5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Prov. xvi. 4. 6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. Milton. 7. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. Dryden. 8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. Bunyan. 9. The part of a hat above the brim. 10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth. 11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only. 12. (Bot.) Same as Corona. 13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. Totten. 14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. 15. The dome of a furnace. 16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters. 17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. 18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper. 19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents. 20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. -- Crown antler (Zoöl.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim. -- Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace. -- Crown glass. See under Glass. -- Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. [Eng.] \"She pawned and set to sale the crown jewels.\" Milton. -- Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign. -- Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] -- Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.] -- Crown octavo. See under Paper. -- Crown office. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown paper. See under Paper. -- Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. -- Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. -- Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. -- Crown shell. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell. -- Crown side. See Crown office. -- Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. 1 Macc. x. 20. -- Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown work. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.\n\n1. To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with royal dignity and power. Her who fairest does appear, Crown her queen of all the year. Dryden. Crown him, and say, \"Long live our emperor.\" Shak. 2. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify. Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and honor. Ps. viii. 5. 3. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect. Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill. Byron. One day shall crown the alliance. Shak. To crown the whole, came a proposition. Motley. 4. (Mech.) To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face of a machine pulley. 5. (Mil.) To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach. To crown a knot (Naut.), to lay the ends of the strands over and under each other.", "crows": "A tribe of Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; -- also called Upsarokas. CROW'S-FOOT Crow's\"-foot` (krz\"ft`), n.; pl. Crow's-feet (-f. 1. pl. The wrinkles that appear, as the effect of age or dissipation, under and around the outer corners of the eyes. Tennyson. 2. (Mil.) A caltrop. [Written also crowfoot.] 3. (Arch.) Same as Bird's-mouth. [U.S.]", - "crt": null, - "crts": null, "crucial": "1. Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a cross; cruciform; intersecting; as, crucial ligaments; a crucial incision. 2. Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to the cross; decisive; as, a crucial test.", "crucially": null, "crucible": "1. A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for melting and calcining substances which require a strong degree of heat, as metals, ores, etc. 2. A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to receive the melted metal. 3. A test of the most decisive kind; a severe trial; as, the crucible of affliction. Hessian crucible (Chem.), a cheap, brittle, and fragile, but very refractory crucible, composed of the finest fire clay and sand, and commonly used for a single heating; -- named from the place of manufacture.", @@ -18133,7 +15888,6 @@ "crufted": null, "crufts": null, "crufty": null, - "cruikshank": null, "cruise": "See Cruse, a small bottle.\n\n1. To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as for the potection of commerce, in search of an enemy, for plunder, or for pleasure. Note: A ship cruises in any particular sea or ocean; as, in the Baltic or in the Atlantic. She cruises off any cape; as, off the Lizard; off Ushant. She cruises on a coast; as, on the coast of Africa. A priate cruises to seize vessels; a yacht cruises for the pleasure of the owner. Ships of war were aent to cruise near the isle of Bute. Macualay. 'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to cruise for pleasure. Young. 2. To wander hither and thither on land. [Colloq.]\n\nA voyage made in various directions, as of an armed vessel, for the protection of other vessels, or in search of an enemy; a sailing to and fro, as for exploration or for pleasure. He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were bent upon going a cruise to Manilla. Dampier.", "cruised": null, "cruiser": "One who, or a vessel that, cruises; -- usually an armed vessel.", @@ -18193,7 +15947,6 @@ "crushes": null, "crushing": "That crushes; overwhelming. \"The blow must be quick and crushing.\" Macualay.", "crushingly": null, - "crusoe": null, "crust": "1. The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer shell; an incrustation; as, a crust of snow. I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid under a crust of dross. Addison. Below this icy crust of conformity, the waters of infidelity lay dark and deep as ever. Prescott. 2. (Cookery) (a) The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard. (b) The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from the soft contents. (c) The dough, or mass of doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; -- also called dumpling. Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies. Dryden. He that keeps nor crust nor crumb. Shak. They . . . made the crust for the venison pasty. Macualay. 3. (Geol.) The exterior portion of the earth, formerly universally supposed to inclose a molten interior. 4. (Zoöl.) The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc. 5. (Med.) A hard mass, made up of dried secretions blood, or pus, occurring upon the surface of the body. 6. An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles, the result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc. See Beeswing.\n\nTo cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation; to incrust. The whole body is crusted over with ice. Boyle. And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood Crusted with bark. Addison. Very foul and crusted bottles. Swift. Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock. Felton.\n\nTo gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted. The place that was burnt . . . crusted and healed. Temple.", "crustacean": "Of or pertaining to the Crustacea; crustaceous. -- n. An animal belonging to the class Crustacea.", "crustaceans": "Of or pertaining to the Crustacea; crustaceous. -- n. An animal belonging to the class Crustacea.", @@ -18210,7 +15963,6 @@ "crutches": null, "crux": "Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain. Dr. Sheridan. The perpetual crux of New Testament chronologists. Strauss.", "cruxes": null, - "cruz": null, "cry": "1. To make a loud call or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or earnestly; to shout; to vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore. And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice. Matt. xxvii. 46. Clapping their hands, and crying with loud voice. Shak. Hear the voice of my supplications when I cry unto thee. Ps. xxviii. 2. The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord. Is. xl. 3. Some cried after him to return. Bunyan. 2. To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to express pain, grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed tears; to bawl, as a child. Ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. Is. lxv. 14. I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and to cry like a woman. Shak. 3. To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals. The young ravens which cry. Ps. cxlvii. 9. In a cowslip's bell I lie There I couch when owls do cry. Shak. To cry on or upon, to call upon the name of; to beseech.\"No longer on Saint Denis will we cry.\" Shak. -- To cry out. (a) To exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor. (b) To complain loudly; to lament. -- To cry out against, to complain loudly of; to censure; to blame. -- To cry out on or upon, to denounce; to censure. \"Cries out upon abuses.\" Shak. -- To cry to, to call on in prayer; to implore. -- To cry you mercy, to beg your pardon. \"I cry you mercy, madam; was it you\" Shak.\n\n1. To utter loudly; to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to declare publicly. All, all, cry shame against ye, yet I 'll speak. Shak. The man . . . ran on,crying, Life! life! Eternal life! Bunyan. 2. To cause to do something, or bring to some state, by crying or weeping; as, to cry one's self to sleep. 3. To make oral and public proclamation of; to declare publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; as, to cry goods, etc. Love is lost, and thus she cries him. Crashaw. 4. Hence, to publish the banns of, as for marriage. I should not be surprised if they were cried in church next Sabbath. Judd. To cry aim. See under Aim. -- To cry down, to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to condemn. Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be under the restraints of it. Tillotson. -- To cry out, to proclaim; to shout.\"Your gesture cries it out.\" Shak. -- To cry quits, to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a contest. -- To cry up, to enhance the value or reputation of by public and noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.\n\n1. A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower animals; as, the cry of hounds; the cry of wolves. Milton. 2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand. Again that cry was found to have been as unreasonable as ever. Macaulay. 3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation. There shall be a great cry throughout all the land. Ex. xi. 6. An infant crying in the night, An infant crying for the light; And with no language but a cry. Tennyson. 4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular acclamation or favor. Swift. The cry went once on thee. Shak. 5. Importunate supplication. O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls. Shak. 6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by hawkers of their wares. The street cries of London. Mayhew. 7. Common report; fame. The cry goes that you shall marry her. Shak. 8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and repeated for effect; as, the party cry of the Tories. All now depends upon a good cry. Beaconsfield. 9. A pack of hounds. Milton. A cry more tunable Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn. Shak. 10. A pack or company of persons; -- in contempt. Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry of players Shak. 11. The cracklling noise made by block tin when it is bent back and forth. A far cry, a long distance; -- in allusion to the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.", "crybabies": null, "crybaby": null, @@ -18231,7 +15983,6 @@ "cryptographer": "One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.", "cryptographers": "One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.", "cryptography": "The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or cipher.", - "cryptozoic": null, "crypts": "1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory. Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring in convents and crypts the few fossils of antique learning. Motley. My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. Tennyson. 2. (Anat.) A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the cryps of Lieberk.", "crystal": "1. (Chem. & Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization. 2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; - - called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian pebble, under Brazilian. 3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See Flint glass. 4. The glass over the dial of a watch case. 5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc. The blue crystal of the seas. Byron. Blood crystal. See under Blood. -- Compound crystal. See under Compound. -- Iceland crystal, a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope. -- Rock crystal, or Mountain crystal, any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.\n\nConsisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline. Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak. By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden. The crystal pellets at the touch congeal, And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail. H. Brooks.", "crystalline": "1. Consisting, or made, of crystal. Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline. Shak. 2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture. Their crystalline structure. Whewell. 3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is only crystalline, while quartz crystal is perfectlly crystallized. 4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid. \"The crystalline sky.\" Milton. Crystalline heavens, or Crystalline spheres, in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars and the primum mobile (or outer circle of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of the heavently bodies. -- Crystalline lens (Anat.), the capsular lenslike body in the eye, serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells derived from the external embryonic epithelium.\n\n1. A crystalline substance. 2. See Aniline. [Obs.]", @@ -18244,19 +15995,11 @@ "crystallography": "1. The doctrine or science of crystallization, teaching the system of forms among crystals, their structure, and their methods of formation. 2. A discourse or treatise on crystallization.", "crystals": "1. (Chem. & Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization. 2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; - - called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian pebble, under Brazilian. 3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See Flint glass. 4. The glass over the dial of a watch case. 5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc. The blue crystal of the seas. Byron. Blood crystal. See under Blood. -- Compound crystal. See under Compound. -- Iceland crystal, a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope. -- Rock crystal, or Mountain crystal, any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.\n\nConsisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline. Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak. By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden. The crystal pellets at the touch congeal, And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail. H. Brooks.", "cs": "1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek got it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, t\\'c5 221-228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or \"natural\" scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The \"C clef,\" a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.", - "csonka": null, - "css": null, - "cst": null, "ct": null, - "ctesiphon": null, - "cthulhu": null, "ctn": null, "ctr": null, "cu": null, "cub": "1. A young animal, esp. the young of the bear. 2. Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an awkward, rude, illmannered boy. O, thuo dissembling cub! what wilt thou be When time hath sowed a drizzle on thy case Shak.\n\nTo bring forth; -- said of animals, or in contempt, of persons. \"Cubb'd in a cabin.\" Dryden.\n\n1. A stall for cattle. [Obs.] I would rather have such . . . .in cubor kennel than in my closet or at my table. Landor. 2. A cupboard. [Obs.] Laud.\n\nTo shut up or confine. [Obs.] Burton.", - "cuba": null, - "cuban": "Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Cuba.", - "cubans": "Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Cuba.", "cubbyhole": "A snug or confined place.", "cubbyholes": "A snug or confined place.", "cube": "1. (Geom.) A regular solid body, with six equal square sides. 2. (Math.) The product obtained by taking a number or quantity three times as a factor; as, 4x4=16, and 16x4=64, the cube of 4. Cube ore (Min.), pharmacosiderite. It commonly crystallizes in cubes of a green color. -- Cube root. (Math.), the number or quantity which, multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces the given cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of 27, for 3x3x3 = 27. -- Cube spar (Min.), anhydrite; anhydrous calcium sulphate.\n\nTo raise to the third power; to obtain the cube of.", @@ -18277,7 +16020,6 @@ "cuboid": "Cube-shaped, or nearly so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot. -- n. (Anat.) The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth toes.", "cuboids": "Cube-shaped, or nearly so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot. -- n. (Anat.) The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth toes.", "cubs": "1. A young animal, esp. the young of the bear. 2. Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an awkward, rude, illmannered boy. O, thuo dissembling cub! what wilt thou be When time hath sowed a drizzle on thy case Shak.\n\nTo bring forth; -- said of animals, or in contempt, of persons. \"Cubb'd in a cabin.\" Dryden.\n\n1. A stall for cattle. [Obs.] I would rather have such . . . .in cubor kennel than in my closet or at my table. Landor. 2. A cupboard. [Obs.] Laud.\n\nTo shut up or confine. [Obs.] Burton.", - "cuchulain": null, "cuckold": "1. A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of an adulteress. Shak. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A West Indian plectognath fish (Ostracion triqueter). (b) The cowfish.\n\nTo make a cuckold of, as a husband, by seducing his wife, or by her becoming an adulteress. Shak.", "cuckolded": null, "cuckolding": null, @@ -18309,14 +16051,11 @@ "cuffing": null, "cuffs": "1. To strike; esp., to smite with the palm or flat of the hand; to slap. I swear I'll cuff you, if you strike again. Shak. They with their quills did all the hurt they could, And cuffed the tender chickens from their food. Dryden. 2. To buffet. \"Cuffed by the gale.\" Tennyson.\n\nTo fight; to scuffle; to box. While the peers cuff to make the rabble sport. Dryden.\n\nA blow; esp.,, a blow with the open hand; a box; a slap. Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies; Who well it wards, and quitten cuff with cuff. Spenser. Many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.\n\n1. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sleeve turned back from the hand. He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,short cuffs, and a peaked beard. Arbuthnot. 2. Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether attached to the sleeve of the garment or separate;especially, in modern times, such an appendage of starched linen, or a substitute for it of paper, or the like.", "cuing": null, - "cuisinart": null, "cuisine": "1. The kitchen or cooking department. 2. Manner or style of cooking.", "cuisines": "1. The kitchen or cooking department. 2. Manner or style of cooking.", - "culbertson": null, "culinary": "Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery; used in kitchens; as, a culinary vessel; the culinary art.", "cull": "To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or collect; as, to cuil flowers. From his herd he culls, For slaughter, from the fairest of his bulls. Dryden. Whitest honey in fairy gardens culled. Tennyson.\n\nA cully; a dupe; a gull. See Gully.", "culled": null, - "cullen": null, "culling": "1. The act of one who culls. 2. pl. Anything separated or selected from a mass.", "culls": "1. Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled out. 2. Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly baked.", "culminate": "1. To reach its highest point of altitude; to come to the meridian; to be vertical or directly overhead. As when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator. Milton. 2. To reach the highest point, as of rank, size, power, numbers, etc. The reptile race culminated in the secondary era. Dana. The house of Burgundy was rapidly culminating. Motley.\n\nGrowing upward, as distinguished from a laterral growth; -- applied to the growth of corals. Dana.", @@ -18360,7 +16099,6 @@ "cumber": "To rest upon as a troublesome or useless weight or load; to be burdensome or oppressive to; to hinder or embarrass in attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble. Why asks he what avails him not in fight, And would but cumber and retard his flight Dryden. Martha was cumbered about much serving. Luke x. 40. Cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground Luke xiii. 7. The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous ones, . . . but cumbers the memory. Locke.\n\nTrouble; embarrassment; distress. [Obs.] [Written also comber.] A place of much distraction and cumber. Sir H. Wotton. Sage counsel in cumber. Sir W. Scott.", "cumbered": null, "cumbering": null, - "cumberland": null, "cumbers": "To rest upon as a troublesome or useless weight or load; to be burdensome or oppressive to; to hinder or embarrass in attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble. Why asks he what avails him not in fight, And would but cumber and retard his flight Dryden. Martha was cumbered about much serving. Luke x. 40. Cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground Luke xiii. 7. The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous ones, . . . but cumbers the memory. Locke.\n\nTrouble; embarrassment; distress. [Obs.] [Written also comber.] A place of much distraction and cumber. Sir H. Wotton. Sage counsel in cumber. Sir W. Scott.", "cumbersome": "1. Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag; embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous. To perform a cumbersome obedience. Sir. P. Sidney. 2. Not easily managed; as, a cumbersome contrivance or machine. He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering, cumbersome, circuitous. I. Taylor. -- Cum\"ber*some*ly, adv. -- Cum\"ber*some*ness,n.", "cumbersomeness": null, @@ -18369,7 +16107,6 @@ "cummerbund": "A sash for the waist; a girdle. [India]", "cummerbunds": "A sash for the waist; a girdle. [India]", "cumming": null, - "cummings": null, "cums": null, "cumulative": "1. Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass; agregated. \"As for knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is cumulative, njt original.\" Bacon 2. Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by successive additions; as, a cumulative argument, i. e., one whose force increases as the statement proceeds. The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and single, but moral and cumulative. Trench. 3. (Law) (a) Tending to prove the same point to which other evidence has been offered; -- said of evidence. (b) Given by same testator to the same legatee; -- said of a legacy. Bouvier. Wharton. Cumulative action (Med.), that action of certain drugs, by virtue of which they produce, when administered in small doses repeated at considerable intervals, the same effect as if given in a single large dose. -- Cumulative poison, a poison the action of which is cumulative. -- Cumulative vote or system of voting (Politics), that system which allows to each voter as many votes as there are persons to be voted for, and permits him to accumulate these votes upon one person, or to distribute them among the candidates as he pleases.", "cumulatively": null, @@ -18377,13 +16114,11 @@ "cumulonimbi": null, "cumulonimbus": null, "cumulus": "One of the four principal forms of clouds. SeeCloud.", - "cunard": null, "cuneiform": "1. Wedge-shaped; as, a cuneiform bone; -- especially applied to the wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters of ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. See Arrowheaded. 2. Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient wedge-shaped characters, or the inscriptions in them. \"A cuneiform scholar.\" Rawlinson.\n\n1. The wedge-shaped characters used in ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). 2. (Anat.) (a) One of the three tarsal bones supporting the first, second third metatarsals. They are usually designated as external, middle, and internal, or ectocuniform, mesocuniform, and entocuniform, respectively. (b) One of the carpal bones usually articulating wich the ulna; -- called also pyramidal and ulnare.", "cunnilingus": null, "cunning": "1. Knowing; skillfull; dexterous. \"A cunning workman.\" Ex. xxxviii. 23. \"Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on. Shak. Esau was a cunning hunter. Gen xxv. 27. 2. Wrought with, or exibiting, skill or ingenuity; ingenious; curious; as, cunning work. Over them Arachne high did lift Her cunning web. Spenser. 3. Crafty; sly; artful; designid; deceitful. They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the hazard of being sincere. South. 4. Pretty or pleasing; as, a cunning little boy. [Colloq. U.S.] Barlett. Syn. -- Cunning, Artful, Sly, Wily, Crafty. These epithets agree in expressing an aptitude for attaining some end by peculiar and secret means. Cunning is usually low; as, a cunning trick. Artful is more ingenious and inventive; as, an artful device. Sly implies a turn for what is double or concealed; as, sly humor; a sly evasion. Crafty denotes a talent for dexterously deceiving; as, a crafty manager. Wily describes a talent for the use of stratagems; as, a wily politician. \"Acunning man often shows his dexterity in simply concealing. An artful man goes further, and exerts his ingenuity in misleading. A crafty man mingles cunning with art, and so shapes his actions as to lull suspicions. The young may be cunning, but the experienced only can be crafty. Slyness is a vulgar kind of cunning; the sly man goes cautiously and silently to work. Wiliness is a species of cunning or craft applicable only to cases of attack and defence.\" Crabb.\n\n1. Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity. [Archaic] Let my right hand forget her cunning. Ps. cxxxvii. 5. A carpenter's desert Stands more in cunning than in power. Chapman. 2. The faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose; fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit; craft. Discourage cunning in a child; cunning is the ape of wisdom. Locke. We take cunning for a sinister or crooked wisdom. Bacon.", "cunninger": null, "cunningest": null, - "cunningham": null, "cunningly": "In a cunning manner; with cunning.", "cunt": null, "cunts": null, @@ -18455,7 +16190,6 @@ "curious": "1. Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [Obs.] Little curious in her clothes. Fuller. How shall we, If he be curious, work upon his faith Bean & 2. Exhibiting care or nicety; artfully constructed; elaborate; wrought with elegance or skill. To devise curious works. Ex. xxxv. 32 His body couched in a curious bed. Shak. 3. Careful or anxious to learn; eager for knowledge; given to research or inquiry; habitually inquisitive; prying; -- sometimes with after or of. It is a picurious after things that were elegant and beatiful should not have been as curious as to their origin, their uses, and their natural history. Woodward. 4. Exciting attention or inquiry; awakening surprise; inviting and rewarding inquisitiveness; not simple or plain; strange; rare. \"Acurious tale\" Shak. A multitude of curious analogies. Mocaulay. Many a quaint and curiousvolume of forgotten lore. E. A. Poe. Abstruse investigations in recondite branches of learning or sciense often bring to light curious results. C. J. Smith. Curious arts, magic. [Obs.] Many . . . which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them. Acts xix. 19. Syn. -- Inquisitive; prying. See Inquisitive.", "curiously": "In a curious manner.", "curiousness": "1. Carefulness; painstaking. [Obs.] My father's care With curiousness and cost did train me up. Massinger. 2. The state of being curious; exactness of workmanship; ingenuity of contrivance. 3. Inquisitiveness; curiosity.", - "curitiba": null, "curium": null, "curl": "1. To twist or form into ringlets; to crisp, as the hair. But curl their locks with bodkins and with braid. Cascoigne. 2. To twist or make onto coils, as a serpent's body. Of his tortuous train, Curled many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve. Milton. 3. To deck with, or as with, curls; to ornament. Thicker than the snaky locks That curledMegæra. Milton. Curling with metaphors a plain intention. Herbert. 4. To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple. Seas would be pools without the brushing air To curl the waves. Dryden. 5. (Hat Making) To shape (the brim) into a curve.\n\n1. To contract or bend into curis or ringlets, as hair; to grow in curls or spirals, as a vine; to be crinkled or contorted; to have a curly appearance; as, leaves lie curled on the ground. Thou seest it [hair] will not curl by nature. Shak. 2. To move in curves, spirals, or undulations; to contract in curving outlines; to bend in a curved form; to make a curl or curls. \"Cirling billows.\" Dryden. Then round her slender waist he curled. Dryden. Curling smokes from village tops are seen. Pope. Gayly curl the waves before each dashing prow. Byron. He smiled a king of sickly smile, and curled up on the floor. Bret Harte. . 358 3. To play at the game called curling. [Scot.]\n\n1. A ringlet, especially of hair; anything of a spiral or winding form. Under a coronet, his flowing hair In curls on either cheek played. Milton. 2. An undulating or waving line or streak in any substance, as wood, glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity. If the glass of the prisms . . . be without those numberless waves or curls which usually arise from the sand holes. Sir I. Newton. 3. A disease in potatoes, in which the leaves, at their first appearance, seem curled and shrunken. Blue curls. (Bot.) See under Blue.", "curled": "Having curls; curly; sinuous; wavy; as, curled maple (maple having fibers which take a sinnuous course). Curled hair (Com.), the hair of the manes and tails of horses, prepared for upholstery purposes. McElrath.", @@ -18487,7 +16221,6 @@ "curricular": null, "curriculum": "1. A race course; a place for running. 2. A course; particularly, a specified fixed course of study, as in a university.", "curried": "1. Dressed by currying; cleaned; prepared. 2. Prepared with curry; as, curried rice, fowl, etc.", - "currier": "One who curries and dresses leather, after it is tanned.", "curries": "See 2d & 3d Curry.", "curry": "1. To dress or prepare for use by a process of scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, and coloring; -- said of leather. 2. To dress the hair or coat of (a horse, ox, or the like) with a currycomb and brush; to comb, as a horse, in order to make clean. Your short horse is soon curried. Beau. & FL. 3. To beat or bruise; to drub; -- said of persons. I have seen him curry a fellow's carcass handsomely. Beau. & FL. To curry favor, to seek to gain favor by flattery or attentions. See Favor, n.\n\n1. (Cookery) A kind of sauce much used in India, containing garlic, pepper, ginger, and other strong spices. 2. A stew of fowl, fish, or game, cooked with curry. Curry powder (Cookery), a condiment used for making curry, formed of various materials, including strong spices, as pepper, ginger, garlic, coriander seed, etc.\n\nTo flavor or cook with curry.", "currycomb": "A kind of card or comb having rows of metallic teeth or serrated ridges, used in curryng a horse.\n\nTo comb with a currycomb.", @@ -18521,7 +16254,6 @@ "curtains": "1. A hanging screen intended to darken or conceal, and admitting of being drawn back or up, and reclosed at pleasure; esp., drapery of cloth or lace hanging round a bed or at a window; in theaters, and like places, a movable screen for concealing the stage. 2. (Fort.) That part of the rampart and parapet which is between two bastions or two gates. See Illustrations of Ravelin and Bastion. 3. (Arch.) That part of a wall of a building which is between two pavilions, towers, etc. 4. A flag; an ensign; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak. Behind the curtain, in concealment; in secret. -- Curtain lecture, a querulous lecture given by a wife to her husband within the bed curtains, or in bed. Jerrold. A curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world for teaching the virtues of patience and long-suffering. W. Irving. -- The curtain falls, the performance closes. -- The curtain rises, the performance begins. -- To draw the curtain, to close ot over an object, or to remove it; hence: (a) To hide or to disclose an object. (b) To commence or close a performance. -- To drop the curtain, to end the tale, or close the performance.\n\nTo inclose as with curtains; to furnish with curtains. So when the sun in bed Curtained with cloudy red. Milton.", "curter": null, "curtest": null, - "curtis": null, "curtly": "In a curt manner.", "curtness": "The quality of bing curt.", "curtsied": null, @@ -18560,7 +16292,6 @@ "cussing": null, "custard": "A mixture of milk and eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled. Custard apple (Bot.), a low tree or shrub of tropical America, including several species of Anona (A. squamosa, reticulata, etc.), having a roundish or ovate fruit the size of a small orange, containing a soft, yellowish, edible pulp. -- Custard coffin, pastry, or crust, which covers or coffins a custard [Obs.] Shak.", "custards": "A mixture of milk and eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled. Custard apple (Bot.), a low tree or shrub of tropical America, including several species of Anona (A. squamosa, reticulata, etc.), having a roundish or ovate fruit the size of a small orange, containing a soft, yellowish, edible pulp. -- Custard coffin, pastry, or crust, which covers or coffins a custard [Obs.] Shak.", - "custer": null, "custodial": "Relating to custody or guardianship.", "custodian": "One who has care or custody, as of some public building; a keeper or superintendent.", "custodians": "One who has care or custody, as of some public building; a keeper or superintendent.", @@ -18624,16 +16355,11 @@ "cutups": null, "cutworm": "A caterpillar which at night eats off young plants of cabbage, corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some kinds ascend fruit trees and eat off the flower buds. During the day, they conceal themselves in the earth. The common cutworms are the larvæ of various species of Agrotis and related genera of noctuid moths.", "cutworms": "A caterpillar which at night eats off young plants of cabbage, corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some kinds ascend fruit trees and eat off the flower buds. During the day, they conceal themselves in the earth. The common cutworms are the larvæ of various species of Agrotis and related genera of noctuid moths.", - "cuvier": null, - "cuzco": null, - "cv": null, - "cvs": null, "cw": null, "cwt": null, "cyan": null, "cyanide": "A compound formed by the union of cyanogen with an element or radical.", "cyanobacteria": null, - "cybele": null, "cyberbullies": null, "cyberbully": null, "cybercafe": null, @@ -18647,7 +16373,6 @@ "cyberspaces": null, "cyborg": null, "cyborgs": null, - "cyclades": null, "cyclamen": "A genus of plants of the Primrose family, having depressed rounded corms, and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so reflexed as to point upwards, whence it is called rabbit's ears. It is also called sow bread, because hogs are said to eat the corms.", "cyclamens": "A genus of plants of the Primrose family, having depressed rounded corms, and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so reflexed as to point upwards, whence it is called rabbit's ears. It is also called sow bread, because hogs are said to eat the corms.", "cycle": "1. An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the celestial spheres. Milton. 2. An interval of time in which a certain succession of events or phenomena is completed, and then returns again and again, uniformly and continually in the same order; a periodical space of time marked by the recurrence of something peculiar; as, the cucle of the seasons, or of the year. Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the medium of provision during the last bad cycle of twenty years. Burke. 3. An age; a long period of time. Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. Tennyson. 4. An orderly list for a given time; a calendar. [Obs.] We . . . present our gardeners with a complete cycle of what is requisite to be done throughout every month of the year. Evelyn. 5. The circle of subjects connected with the exploits of the hero or heroes of some particular period which have severed as a popular theme for poetry, as the legend aof Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, and that of Charlemagne and his paladins. 6. (Bot.) One entire round in a circle or a spire; as, a cycle or set of leaves. Gray. 7. A bicycle or tricycle, or other light velocipede. Calippic cycle, a period of 76 years, or four Metonic cycles; -- so called from Calippus, who proposed it as an improvement on the Metonic cycle. -- Cycle of eclipses, a priod of about 6,586 days, the time of revolution of the moon's node; -- called Saros by the Chaldeans. -- Cycle of indiction, a period of 15 years, employed in Roman and ecclesiastical chronology, not founded on any astronomical period, but having reference to certain judicial acts which took place at stated epochs under the Greek emperors. -- Cycle of the moon, or Metonic cycle, a period of 19 years, after the lapse of which the new and full moon returns to the same day of the year; -- so called from Meton, who first proposed it. -- Cycle of the sun, Solar cycle, a period of 28 years, at the end of which time the days of the month return to the same days of the week. The dominical or Sunday letter follows the same order; hence the solar cycle is also called the cycle of the Sunday letter. In the Gregorian calendar the solar cycle is in general interrupted at the end of the century.\n\n1. To pass through a cycle of changes; to recur in cycles. Tennyson. Darwin. 2. To ride a bicycle, tricycle, or other form of cycle.", @@ -18672,7 +16397,6 @@ "cyclotrons": null, "cygnet": "A young swan. Shak.", "cygnets": "A young swan. Shak.", - "cygnus": "A constellation of the northern hemisphere east of, or following, Lyra; the Swan.", "cylinder": "1. (Geom.) (a) A solid body which may be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round one its sides; or a body of rollerlike form, of which the longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross section is circular. (b) The space inclosed by any cylindrical surface. The space may be limited or unlimited in length. 2. Any hollow body of cylindrical form, as: (a) The chamber of a steam engine in which the piston is moved by the force of steam. (b) The barrel of an air or other pump. (c) (Print.) The revolving platen or bed which produces the impression or carries the type in a cylinder press. (d) The bore of a gun; the turning chambered breech of a revolver. 3. The revolving square prism carryng the cards in a Jacquard loom. Cylinder axis. (Anat.) SeeAxis cylinder, under Axis. -- Cylinder engine (Paper Making), a machine in which a cylinder takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous sheet to the dryers. -- Cylinder escapement. See Escapement. -- Cylinder glass. See Glass. -- Cylinder mill. See Roller mill. -- Cylinder press. See Press.", "cylinders": "1. (Geom.) (a) A solid body which may be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round one its sides; or a body of rollerlike form, of which the longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross section is circular. (b) The space inclosed by any cylindrical surface. The space may be limited or unlimited in length. 2. Any hollow body of cylindrical form, as: (a) The chamber of a steam engine in which the piston is moved by the force of steam. (b) The barrel of an air or other pump. (c) (Print.) The revolving platen or bed which produces the impression or carries the type in a cylinder press. (d) The bore of a gun; the turning chambered breech of a revolver. 3. The revolving square prism carryng the cards in a Jacquard loom. Cylinder axis. (Anat.) SeeAxis cylinder, under Axis. -- Cylinder engine (Paper Making), a machine in which a cylinder takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous sheet to the dryers. -- Cylinder escapement. See Escapement. -- Cylinder glass. See Glass. -- Cylinder mill. See Roller mill. -- Cylinder press. See Press.", "cylindrical": "Having the form of a cylinder, or of a section of its convex surface; partaking of the properties of the cylinder. Cylindrical lens, a lens having one, or more than one, cylindrical surface. -- Cylindric, or Cylindrical, surface (Geom.), a surface described by a straight line that moves according to any law, but so as to be constantly parallel to a given line. -- Cylindrical vault. (Arch.) See under Vault, n.", @@ -18680,7 +16404,6 @@ "cymbalist": "A performer upon cymbals.", "cymbalists": "A performer upon cymbals.", "cymbals": "1. A musical instrument used by the ancients. It is supposed to have been similar to the modern kettle drum, though perhaps smaller. 2. A musical instrument of brass, shaped like a circular dish or a flat plate, with a handle at the back; -- used in pairs to produce a sharp ringing sound by clashing them together. Note: In orchestras, one cymbal is commonly attached to the bass drum, and the other heid in the drummer's left hand, while his right hand uses the drumstick. 3. A musical instrument used by gypsies and others, made of steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are movable rings.", - "cymbeline": null, "cynic": "1. Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious; currish. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson. 2. Pertaining to the Dog Star; as, the cynic, or Sothic, year; cynic cycle. 3. Belonging to the sect of philosophers called cynics; having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or resembling, the doctrines of the cynics. 4. Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct of life by moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any human purposes which are not suggested or directed by self-interest or self-indulgence; as, a cynical man who scoffs at pretensions of integrity; characterized by such opinions; as, cynical views of human nature. Note: In prose, cynical is used rather than cynic, in the senses 1 and 4. Cynic spasm (Med.), a convulsive contraction of the muscles of one side of the face, producing a sort of grin, suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a dog.\n\n1. One of a sect or school of philosophers founded by Antisthenes, and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The first Cynics were noted for austere lives and their scorn for social customs and current philosophical opinions. Hence the term Cynic symbolized, in the popular judgment, moroseness, and contempt for the views of others. 2. One who holds views resembling those of the Cynics; a snarler; a misanthrope; particularly, a person who believes that human conduct is directed, either consciously or unconsciously, wholly by self- interest or self-indulgence, and that appearances to the contrary are superficial and untrustworthy. He could obtain from one morose cynic, whose opinion it was impossible to despise, scarcely any not acidulated with scorn. Macaulay.", "cynical": "1. Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious; currish. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson. 2. Pertaining to the Dog Star; as, the cynic, or Sothic, year; cynic cycle. 3. Belonging to the sect of philosophers called cynics; having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or resembling, the doctrines of the cynics. 4. Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct of life by moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any human purposes which are not suggested or directed by self-interest or self-indulgence; as, a cynical man who scoffs at pretensions of integrity; characterized by such opinions; as, cynical views of human nature. Note: In prose, cynical is used rather than cynic, in the senses 1 and 4. Cynic spasm (Med.), a convulsive contraction of the muscles of one side of the face, producing a sort of grin, suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a dog.", "cynically": "In a cynical manner.", @@ -18688,17 +16411,8 @@ "cynics": "1. Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious; currish. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson. 2. Pertaining to the Dog Star; as, the cynic, or Sothic, year; cynic cycle. 3. Belonging to the sect of philosophers called cynics; having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or resembling, the doctrines of the cynics. 4. Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct of life by moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any human purposes which are not suggested or directed by self-interest or self-indulgence; as, a cynical man who scoffs at pretensions of integrity; characterized by such opinions; as, cynical views of human nature. Note: In prose, cynical is used rather than cynic, in the senses 1 and 4. Cynic spasm (Med.), a convulsive contraction of the muscles of one side of the face, producing a sort of grin, suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a dog.\n\n1. One of a sect or school of philosophers founded by Antisthenes, and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The first Cynics were noted for austere lives and their scorn for social customs and current philosophical opinions. Hence the term Cynic symbolized, in the popular judgment, moroseness, and contempt for the views of others. 2. One who holds views resembling those of the Cynics; a snarler; a misanthrope; particularly, a person who believes that human conduct is directed, either consciously or unconsciously, wholly by self- interest or self-indulgence, and that appearances to the contrary are superficial and untrustworthy. He could obtain from one morose cynic, whose opinion it was impossible to despise, scarcely any not acidulated with scorn. Macaulay.", "cynosure": "1. The constellation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the polar star, the eyes of mariners and travelers were often directed. 2. That which serves to direct. Southey. 3. Anything to which attention is strongly turned; a center of attraction. Where perhaps some beauty lies, The cynosure of neighboring eyes. Milton.", "cynosures": "1. The constellation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the polar star, the eyes of mariners and travelers were often directed. 2. That which serves to direct. Southey. 3. Anything to which attention is strongly turned; a center of attraction. Where perhaps some beauty lies, The cynosure of neighboring eyes. Milton.", - "cynthia": null, "cypress": "A coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus. The species are mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its durability. Note: Among the trees called cypress are the common Oriental cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, the evergreen American cypress, C. thyoides (now called Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea), and the deciduous American cypress, Taxodium distichum. As having anciently been used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an emblem of mourning and sadness. Cypress vine (Bot.), a climbing plant with red or white flowers (Ipotoea Quamoclit, formerly Quamoclit vulgaris).", "cypresses": null, - "cyprian": "1. Belonging to Cyprus. 2. Of, pertaining, or conducing to, lewdness.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Cyprus, especially of ancient Cyprus; a Cypriot. 2. A lewd woman; a harlot.", - "cypriot": "A native or inhabitant of Cyprus.", - "cypriots": "A native or inhabitant of Cyprus.", - "cyprus": "A thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to, crape. It was either white or black, the latter being most common, and used for mourning. [Obs.] Lawn as white as driven snow, Cyprus black as e'er was crow. Shak.", - "cyrano": null, - "cyril": null, - "cyrillic": null, - "cyrus": null, "cyst": "1. (Med.) (a) A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which is accidentally developed in one of the natural cavaties or in the substance of an organ. (b) In old authors, the urinary bladder, or the gall bladder. [Written also cystis.] 2. (Bot.) One of the bladders or air vessels of certain algæ, as of the great kelp of the Pacific, and common rockweeds (Fuci) of our shores. D. C. Eaton. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) A small capsule or sac of the kind in which many immature entozoans exit in the tissues of living animals; also, a similar form in Rotifera, etc. (b) A form assumed by Protozoa inwhich they become saclike and quiescent. It generally precedes the production of germs. See Encystment.", "cystic": "1. Having the form of, or living in, a cyst; as, the cystic entozoa. 2. Containing cysts; cystose; as, cystic sarcoma. 3. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or contained in, a cyst; esp., pertaining to, or contained in, either the urinary bladder or the gall bladder. Cystic duct, the duct from the gall bladder which unites with the hepatic to form the common bile duct. -- Cystic worm (Zoöl.), a larval tape worm, as the cysticercus and echinococcus.", "cystitis": "Inflammation of the bladder.", @@ -18710,7 +16424,6 @@ "cytoplasm": "The substance of the body of a cell, as distinguished from the karyoplasma, or substance of the nucleus. -- Cy`to*plas\"mic (-pl, a.", "cytoplasmic": null, "cytosine": null, - "cz": null, "czar": "A king; a chief; the title of the emperor of Russia. [Written also tzar.]", "czarina": "The title of the empress of Russia.", "czarinas": "The title of the empress of Russia.", @@ -18718,16 +16431,7 @@ "czarist": null, "czarists": null, "czars": "A king; a chief; the title of the emperor of Russia. [Written also tzar.]", - "czech": "1. One of the Czechs. 2. The language of the Czechs (often called Bohemian), the harshest and richest of the Slavic languages.", - "czechia": null, - "czechoslovak": null, - "czechoslovakia": null, - "czechoslovakian": null, - "czechoslovakians": null, - "czechs": "The most westerly branch of the great Slavic family of nations, numbering now more than 6,000,000, and found principally in Bohemia and Moravia.", - "czerny": null, "d": "1. The fourth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonent. The English letter is from Latin, which is from Greek, which took it from Phoenician, the probable ultimate origin being Egyptian. It is related most nearly to t and th; as, Eng. deep, G. tief; Eng. daughter, G. tochter, Gr. duhitr. See Guide to Pronunciation, sq. root178, 179, 229. 2. (Mus.) The nominal of the second tone in the model major scale (that in C), or of the fourth tone in the relative minor scale of C (that in A minor), or of the key tone in the relative minor of F. 3. As a numeral D stands for 500. in this use it is not the initial of any word, or even strictly a letter, but one half of the sign", - "da": null, "dab": "A skillful hand; a dabster; an expert. [Colloq.] One excels at a plan or the titlepage, another works away at the body of the book, and the therd is a dab at an index. Goldsmith.\n\nA name given to several species of Pleuronectes . TheAmerican rough dab is Hippoglossoides platessoides.\n\n1. To strike or touch gently, as with a soft or moist substance; to tap; hence, to besmear with a dabber. A sore should . . . be wiped . . . only by dabbing it over with fine lint. S. Sharp. 2. To strike by a thrust; to hit with a sudden blow or thrust. \"To dab him in the neck.\" Sir T. More.\n\n1. A gentle blow with the hand or some soft substance; a sudden blow or hit; a peck. Astratch of her clame, a dab of her beack. Hawthorne. 2. A small mass of anything soft or moist.", "dabbed": null, "dabber": "That with which one dabs; hence, a pad or other device used by printers, engravers, etc., as for dabbing type or engraved plates with ink.", @@ -18744,17 +16448,13 @@ "daces": "A small European cyprinoid fish (Squalius leuciscus or Leuciscus vulgaris); -- called also dare. Note: In America the name is given to several related fishes of the genera Squalius, Minnilus, etc. The black-nosed dace is Rhinichthys atronasus the horned dace is Semotilus corporalis. For red dace, see Redfin.", "dacha": null, "dachas": null, - "dachau": null, "dachshund": "One of a breed of small dogs with short crooked legs, and long body; -- called also badger dog. There are two kinds, the rough- haired and the smooth-haired.", "dachshunds": "One of a breed of small dogs with short crooked legs, and long body; -- called also badger dog. There are two kinds, the rough- haired and the smooth-haired.", - "dacron": null, - "dacrons": null, "dactyl": "1. (Pros.) A poetical foot of three sylables (-- ~ ~), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented; as, L. tëgmînê, E. mer\"ciful; -- so called from the similarity of its arrangement to that of the joints of a finger. [Written also dactyle.] 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A finger or toe; a digit. (b) The claw or terminal joint of a leg of an insect or crustacean.", "dactylic": "Pertaining to, consisting chiefly or wholly of, dactyls; as, dactylic verses.\n\n1. A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls; as, these lines are dactylics. 2. pl. Dactylic meters.", "dactylics": "Pertaining to, consisting chiefly or wholly of, dactyls; as, dactylic verses.\n\n1. A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls; as, these lines are dactylics. 2. pl. Dactylic meters.", "dactyls": "1. (Pros.) A poetical foot of three sylables (-- ~ ~), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented; as, L. tëgmînê, E. mer\"ciful; -- so called from the similarity of its arrangement to that of the joints of a finger. [Written also dactyle.] 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A finger or toe; a digit. (b) The claw or terminal joint of a leg of an insect or crustacean.", "dad": "Father; -- a word sometimes used by children. I was never so bethumped withwords, Since I first called my brother's father dad. Shak.", - "dada": null, "dadaism": null, "dadaist": null, "dadaists": null, @@ -18763,7 +16463,6 @@ "dado": "(a) That part of a pedestal included between the base and the cornice (or surbase); the die. See Illust. of Column. Hence: (b) In any wall, that part of the basement included between the base and the base course. See Base course, under Base. (c) In interior decoration, the lower part of the wall of an apartment when adorned with moldings, or otherwise specially decorated.", "dadoes": null, "dads": "Father; -- a word sometimes used by children. I was never so bethumped withwords, Since I first called my brother's father dad. Shak.", - "daedalus": null, "daemon": "See Demon, Demonic.", "daemonic": "See Demon, Demonic.", "daemons": "See Demon, Demonic.", @@ -18785,19 +16484,15 @@ "dagoes": null, "dagos": "A nickname given to a person of Spanish (or, by extension, Portuguese or Italian) descent. [U. S.]", "dags": "1. A dagger; a poniard. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. A large pistol formerly used. [Obs.] The Spaniards discharged their dags, and hurt some. Foxe. A sort of pistol, called dag, was used about the same time as hand guns and harquebuts. Grose. 3. (Zoöl.) The unbrunched antler of a young deer.\n\nA misty shower; dew. [Obs.]\n\nA loose end; a dangling shred. Daglocks, clotted locks hanging in dags or jags at a sheep's tail. Wedgwood.\n\n1. To daggle or bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson. 2. To cut into jags or points; to slash; as, to dag a garment. [Obs.] Wright.\n\nTo be misty; to drizzle. [Prov. Eng.]", - "daguerre": null, "daguerreotype": "1. An early variety of photograph, produced on a silver plate, or copper plate covered with silver, and rendered sensitive by the action of iodine, or iodine and bromine, on which, after exposure in the camera, the latent image is developed by the vapor of mercury. 2. The process of taking such pictures.\n\n1. To produce or represent by the daguerreotype process, as a picture. 2. To impress with great distinctness; to imprint; to imitate exactly.", "daguerreotyped": null, "daguerreotypes": "1. An early variety of photograph, produced on a silver plate, or copper plate covered with silver, and rendered sensitive by the action of iodine, or iodine and bromine, on which, after exposure in the camera, the latent image is developed by the vapor of mercury. 2. The process of taking such pictures.\n\n1. To produce or represent by the daguerreotype process, as a picture. 2. To impress with great distinctness; to imprint; to imitate exactly.", "daguerreotyping": null, - "dagwood": null, "dahlia": "A genus of plants native to Mexico and Central America, of the order Compositæ; also, any plant or flower of the genus. The numerous varieties of cultivated dahlias bear conspicuous flowers which differ in color.", "dahlias": "A genus of plants native to Mexico and Central America, of the order Compositæ; also, any plant or flower of the genus. The numerous varieties of cultivated dahlias bear conspicuous flowers which differ in color.", - "dahomey": null, "dailies": null, "dailiness": "Daily occurence. [R.]", "daily": "Happening, or belonging to, each successive day; diurnal; as, daily labor; a daily bulletin. Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11. Bunyan has told us . . . that in New England his dream was the daily subject of the conversation of thousands. Macaulay. Syn. -- Daily, Diurnal. Daily is Anglo-Saxon, and diurnal is Latin. The former is used in reference to the ordinary concerns of life; as, daily wants, daily cares, daily employments. The latter is appropriated chiefly by astronomers to what belongs to the astronomical day; as, the diurnal revolution of the earth. Man hath his daily work of body or mind Appointed, which declares his dignity, And the regard of Heaven on all his ways. Milton. Half yet remains unsung, but narrower bound Within the visible diurnal sphere. Milton.\n\nA publication which appears regularly every day; as, the morning dailies.\n\nEvery day; day by day; as, a thing happens daily.", - "daimler": null, "daintier": null, "dainties": null, "daintiest": null, @@ -18819,17 +16514,8 @@ "daises": null, "daisies": null, "daisy": "(a) A genus of low herbs (Bellis), belonging to the family Compositæ. The common English and classical daisy is B. prennis, which has a yellow disk and white or pinkish rays. (b) The whiteweed (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum), the plant commonly called daisy in North America; -- called also oxeye daisy. See Whiteweed. Note: The word daisy is also used for composite plants of other genera, as Erigeron, or fleabane. Michaelmas daisy (Bot.), any plant of the genus Aster, of which there are many species. -- Oxeye daisy (Bot.), the whiteweed. See Daisy (b).", - "dakar": null, - "dakota": null, - "dakotan": null, - "dakotas": "An extensive race or stock of Indians, including many tribes, mostly dwelling west of the Mississippi River; -- also, in part, called Sioux. [Written also Dacotahs.]", - "dalai": null, "dale": "1. A low place between hills; a vle or valley. Where mountaines rise, umbrageous dales descend. Thomson. 2. A trough or spout to carry off water, as from a pump. Knight.", "dales": "1. A low place between hills; a vle or valley. Where mountaines rise, umbrageous dales descend. Thomson. 2. A trough or spout to carry off water, as from a pump. Knight.", - "daley": null, - "dali": null, - "dalian": null, - "dallas": null, "dalliance": "1. The act of dallying, trifling, or fondling; interchange of caresses; wanton play. Look thou be true, do not give dalliance Too mnch the rein. Shak. O, the dalliance and the wit, The flattery and the strifeTennyson. 2. Delay or procrastination. Shak. 3. Entertaining discourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "dalliances": "1. The act of dallying, trifling, or fondling; interchange of caresses; wanton play. Look thou be true, do not give dalliance Too mnch the rein. Shak. O, the dalliance and the wit, The flattery and the strifeTennyson. 2. Delay or procrastination. Shak. 3. Entertaining discourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "dallied": null, @@ -18838,26 +16524,20 @@ "dallies": null, "dally": "1. To waste time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in idleness; to fool away time; to delay unnecessarily; to tarry; to trifle. We have trifled too long already; it is madness to dally any longer. Calamy. We have put off God, and dallied with his grace. Barrow. 2. To interchange caresses, especially with one of the opposite sex; to use fondling; to wanton; to sport. Not dallying with a brace of courtesans. Shak. Our aerie . . . dallies with the wind. Shak.\n\nTo delay unnecessarily; to while away. Dallying off the time with often skirmishes. Knolles.", "dallying": null, - "dalmatia": null, "dalmatian": "Of or pertaining to Dalmatia. Dalmatian dog (Zoöl.), a carriage dog, shaped like a pointer, and having black or bluish spots on a white ground; the coach dog.", "dalmatians": "Of or pertaining to Dalmatia. Dalmatian dog (Zoöl.), a carriage dog, shaped like a pointer, and having black or bluish spots on a white ground; the coach dog.", - "dalton": null, "dam": "1. A female parent; -- used of beasts, especially of quadrupeds; sometimes applied in contempt to a human mother. Our sire and dam, now confined to horses, are a relic of this age (13th century) . . . .Dame is used of a hen; we now make a great difference between dame and dam. T. L. K. Oliphant. The dam runs lowing up end down, Looking the way her harmless young one went. Shak. 2. A kind or crowned piece in the game of draughts.\n\n1. A barrier to prevent the flow of a liquid; esp., a bank of earth, or wall of any kind, as of masonry or wood, built across a water course, to confine and keep back flowing water. 2. (Metal.) A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the hearth of a blast furnace. Dam plate (Blast Furnace), an iron plate in front of the dam, to strengthen it.\n\n1. To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a dam; to confine by constructing a dam, as a stream of water; -- generally used with in or up. I'll have the current in this place dammed up. Shak. A weight of earth that dams in the water. Mortimer. 2. To shut up; to stop up; to close; to restrain. The strait pass was dammed With dead men hurt behind, and cowards. Shak. To dam out, to keep out by means of a dam.", "damage": "1. Injury or harm to person, property, or reputation; an inflicted loss of value; detriment; hurt; mischief. He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet and drinketh damage. Prov. xxvi. 6. Great errors and absurdities many commit for want of a friend to tell them of them, to the great damage both of their fame and fortune. Bacon. 2. pl. (Law) The estimated reparation in money for detriment or injury sustained; a compensation, recompense, or satisfaction to one party, for a wrong or injury actually done to him by another. Note: In common-law action, the jury are the proper judges of damages. Consequential damage. See under Consequential. -- Exemplary damages (Law), damages imposed by way of example to others. -- Nominal damages (Law), those given for a violation of a right where no actual loss has accrued. -- Vindictive damages, those given specially for the punishment of the wrongdoer. Syn. -- Mischief; injury; harm; hurt; detriment; evil; ill. See Mischief.\n\nTo ocassion damage to the soudness, goodness, or value of; to hurt; to injure; to impair. He . . . came up to the English admiral and gave him a broadside, with which he killed many of his men and damaged the ship. Clarendon.\n\nTo receive damage or harm; to be injured or impaired in soudness or value; as. some colors in damage in sunlight.", "damageable": "1. Capable of being injured or impaired; liable to, or susceptible of, damage; as, a damageable cargo. 2. Hurtful; pernicious. [R.] That it be not demageable unto your royal majesty. Hakluit.", "damaged": null, "damages": "1. Injury or harm to person, property, or reputation; an inflicted loss of value; detriment; hurt; mischief. He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet and drinketh damage. Prov. xxvi. 6. Great errors and absurdities many commit for want of a friend to tell them of them, to the great damage both of their fame and fortune. Bacon. 2. pl. (Law) The estimated reparation in money for detriment or injury sustained; a compensation, recompense, or satisfaction to one party, for a wrong or injury actually done to him by another. Note: In common-law action, the jury are the proper judges of damages. Consequential damage. See under Consequential. -- Exemplary damages (Law), damages imposed by way of example to others. -- Nominal damages (Law), those given for a violation of a right where no actual loss has accrued. -- Vindictive damages, those given specially for the punishment of the wrongdoer. Syn. -- Mischief; injury; harm; hurt; detriment; evil; ill. See Mischief.\n\nTo ocassion damage to the soudness, goodness, or value of; to hurt; to injure; to impair. He . . . came up to the English admiral and gave him a broadside, with which he killed many of his men and damaged the ship. Clarendon.\n\nTo receive damage or harm; to be injured or impaired in soudness or value; as. some colors in damage in sunlight.", "damaging": null, - "damascus": "A city of Syria. Damascus blade, a sword or scimiter, made chiefly at Damascus, having a variegated appearance of watering, and proverbial for excellence. -- Damascus iron, or Damascus twist, metal formed of thin bars or wires of iron and steel elaborately twisted and welded together; used for making gun barrels, etc., of high quality, in which the surface, when polished and acted upon by acid, has a damasc appearance. -- Damascus steel. See Damask steel, under Damask, a.", "damask": "1. Damask silk; silk woven with an elaborate pattern of flowers and the like. \"A bed of ancient damask.\" W. Irving. 2. Linen so woven that a pattern in produced by the different directions of the thread, without contrast of color. 3. A heavy woolen or worsted stuff with a pattern woven in the same way as the linen damask; -- made for furniture covering and hangings. 4. Damask or Damascus steel; also, the peculiar markings or \"water\" of such steel. 5. A deep pink or rose color. Fairfax.\n\n1. Pertaining to, or originating at, the city of Damascus; resembling the products or manufactures of Damascus. 2. Having the color of the damask rose. But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask cheek. Shak. Damask color, a deep rose-color like that of the damask rose. -- Damask plum, a small dark-colored plum, generally called damson. -- Damask rose (Bot.), a large, pink, hardy, and very fragrant variety of rose (Rosa damascena) from Damascus. \"Damask roses have not been known in England above one hundred years.\" Bacon. -- Damask steel, or Damascus steel, steel of the kind originally made at Damascus, famous for its hardness, and its beautiful texture, ornamented with waving lines; especially, that which is inlaid with damaskeening; -- formerly much valued for sword blades, from its great flexibility and tenacity.\n\nTo decorate in a way peculiar to Damascus or attributed to Damascus; particularly: (a) with flowers and rich designs, as silk; (b) with inlaid lines of gold, etc., or with a peculiar marking or \"water,\" as metal. See Damaskeen. Mingled metal damasked o'er with gold. Dryde On the soft, downy bank, damasked with flowers. Milton.", "damasked": null, "damasking": null, "damasks": "1. Damask silk; silk woven with an elaborate pattern of flowers and the like. \"A bed of ancient damask.\" W. Irving. 2. Linen so woven that a pattern in produced by the different directions of the thread, without contrast of color. 3. A heavy woolen or worsted stuff with a pattern woven in the same way as the linen damask; -- made for furniture covering and hangings. 4. Damask or Damascus steel; also, the peculiar markings or \"water\" of such steel. 5. A deep pink or rose color. Fairfax.\n\n1. Pertaining to, or originating at, the city of Damascus; resembling the products or manufactures of Damascus. 2. Having the color of the damask rose. But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask cheek. Shak. Damask color, a deep rose-color like that of the damask rose. -- Damask plum, a small dark-colored plum, generally called damson. -- Damask rose (Bot.), a large, pink, hardy, and very fragrant variety of rose (Rosa damascena) from Damascus. \"Damask roses have not been known in England above one hundred years.\" Bacon. -- Damask steel, or Damascus steel, steel of the kind originally made at Damascus, famous for its hardness, and its beautiful texture, ornamented with waving lines; especially, that which is inlaid with damaskeening; -- formerly much valued for sword blades, from its great flexibility and tenacity.\n\nTo decorate in a way peculiar to Damascus or attributed to Damascus; particularly: (a) with flowers and rich designs, as silk; (b) with inlaid lines of gold, etc., or with a peculiar marking or \"water,\" as metal. See Damaskeen. Mingled metal damasked o'er with gold. Dryde On the soft, downy bank, damasked with flowers. Milton.", "dame": "1. A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. Then shall these lords do vex me half so much, As that proud dame, the lord protector's wife. Shak. 2. The mistress of a family in common life, or the mistress of a common school; as, a dame's school. In the dame's classes at the village school. Emerson. 3. A woman in general, esp. an elderly woman. 4. A mother; -- applied to human beings and quadrupeds. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "dames": "1. A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. Then shall these lords do vex me half so much, As that proud dame, the lord protector's wife. Shak. 2. The mistress of a family in common life, or the mistress of a common school; as, a dame's school. In the dame's classes at the village school. Emerson. 3. A woman in general, esp. an elderly woman. 4. A mother; -- applied to human beings and quadrupeds. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "damian": null, - "damien": null, - "damion": null, "dammed": null, "damming": null, "dammit": null, @@ -18869,8 +16549,6 @@ "damnedest": null, "damning": "That damns; damnable; as, damning evidence of guilt.", "damns": "1. To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment; to sentence; to censhure. He shall not live; look, with a spot I damn him. Shak. 2. (Theol.) To doom to punishment in the future world; to consign to perdition; to curse. 3. To condemn as bad or displeasing, by open expression, as by denuciation, hissing, hooting, etc. You are not so arrant a critic as to damn them [the works of modern poets] . . . without hearing. Pope. Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer, And without sneering teach the rest to sneer. Pope. Note: Damn is sometimes used interjectionally, imperatively, and intensively.\n\nTo invoke damnation; to curse. \"While I inwardly damn.\" Goldsmith.", - "damocles": null, - "damon": null, "damp": "1. Moisture; humidity; fog; fogginess; vapor. Night . . . with black air Accompanied, with damps and dreadful gloom. Milton. 2. Dejection; depression; cloud of the mind. Even now, while thus I stand blest in thy presence, A secret damp of grief comes o'er my soul. Addison. It must have thrown a damp over your autumn excursion. J. D. Forbes. 3. (Mining) A gaseous prodact, formed in coal mines, old wells, pints, etc. Choke damp, a damp consisting principally of carboniCarbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Damp sheet, a curtain in a mine gallery to direct air currents and prevent accumulation of gas. -- Fire damp, a damp consisting chiefly of light carbureted hydrogen; -- so called from its tendence to explode when mixed with atmospheric air and brought into contact with flame.\n\n1. Being in a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist; humid. O'erspread with a damp sweat and holy fear. Dryden. 2. Dejected; depressed; sunk. [R.] All these and more came flocking, but with looks Downcast and damp. Milton.\n\n1. To render damp; to moisten; to make humid, or moderately wet; to dampen; as, to damp cloth. 2. To put out, as fire; to depress or deject; to deaden; to cloud; to check or restrain, as action or vigor; to make dull; to weaken; to discourage. \"To damp your tender hopes.\" Akenside. Usury dulls and damps all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring if it were not for this slug. Bacon. How many a day has been damped and darkened by an angry word! Sir J. Lubbock. The failure of his enterprise damped the spirit of the soldiers. Macaulay.", "damped": null, "dampen": "1. To make damp or moist; to make slightly wet. 2. To depress; to check; to make dull; to lessen. In a way that considerably dampened our enthusiasm. The Century.\n\nTo become damp; to deaden. Byron.", @@ -18893,10 +16571,6 @@ "damsels": "1. A young person, either male or female, of noble or gentle extraction; as, Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, Prince of Wales. [Obs.] 2. A young unmarried woman; a gerl; a maiden. With her train of damsels she was gone, In shady walks the scorching heat to shum. Dryden. Sometimes a troop of damsels glad, . . . Goes by to towered Cameleot. Tennyson. 3. (Milling) An attachment to a millstone spindle for shaking the hoppe", "damson": "A small oval plum of a blue color, the fruit of a variety of the Prunus domestica; -- called also damask plum.", "damsons": "A small oval plum of a blue color, the fruit of a variety of the Prunus domestica; -- called also damask plum.", - "dan": "A title of honor equivalent to master, or sir. [Obs.] Old Dan Geoffry, in gently spright The pure wellhead of poetry did dwell. Spenser. What time Dan Abraham left the Chaldee land. Thomson.\n\nA small truck or sledge used in coal mines.", - "dana": null, - "danae": null, - "danbury": null, "dance": "1. To move with measured steps, or to a musical accompaniment; to go through, either alone or in company with others, with a regulated succession of movements, (commonly) to the sound of music; to trip or leap rhytmically. Jack shall pipe and Gill shall dance. Wiher. Good shepherd, what fair swain is this Which dances with your dauther Shak. 2. To move nimbly or merrily; to express pleasure by motion; to caper; to frisk; to skip about. Then, 'tis time to dance off. Thackeray. More dances my rapt heart Than when I first my wedded mistress saw. Shak. Shadows in the glassy waters dance. Byron. Where rivulets dance their wayward round. Wordsworth. To dance on a rope, or To dance on nothing, to be hanged.\n\nTo cause to dance, or move nimbly or merrily about, or up and down; to dandle. To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind. Shak. Thy grandsire loved thee well; Many a time he danced thee on his knee. Shak. To dance attendance, to come and go obsequiously; to be or remain in waiting, at the beck and call of another, with a view to please or gain favor. A man of his place, and so near our favor, To dance attendance on their lordships' pleasure. Shak.\n\n1. The leaping, tripping, or measured stepping of one who dances; an amusement, in which the movements of the persons are regulated by art, in figures and in accord with music. 2. (Mus.) A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, etc. Note: The word dance was used ironically, by the older writers, of many proceedings besides dancing. Of remedies of love she knew parchance For of that art she couth the olde dance. Chaucer. Dance of Death (Art), an allegorical representation of the power of death over all, -- the old, the young, the high, and the low, being led by a dancing skeleton. -- Morris dance. See Morris. -- To lead one a dance, to cause one to go through a series of movements or experiences as if guided by a partner in a dance not understood.", "danced": null, "dancer": "One who dances or who practices dancing. The merry dancers, beams of the northern lights when they rise and fall alternately without any considerable change of length. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora.", @@ -18919,13 +16593,9 @@ "dandling": null, "dandruff": "A scurf which forms on the head, and comes off in small or particles. [Written also dandriff.]", "dandy": "1. One who affects special finery or gives undue attention to dress; a fop; a coxcomb. 2. (Naut.) (a) A sloop or cutter with a jigger on which a lugsail is set. (b) A small sail carried at or near the stern of small boats; -- called also jigger, and mizzen. 3. A dandy roller. See below. Dandy brush, a yard whalebone brush. -- Dandy fever. See Dengue. -- Dandy line, a kind of fishing line to which are attached several crosspieces of whalebone which carry a hook at each end. -- Dandy roller, a roller sieve used in machines for making paper, to press out water from the pulp, and set the paper.", - "dane": "A native, or a naturalized inhabitant, of Denmark. Great Dane. (Zoöl.) See Danish dog, under Danish.", - "danelaw": null, - "danes": "A native, or a naturalized inhabitant, of Denmark. Great Dane. (Zoöl.) See Danish dog, under Danish.", "dang": "imp. of Ding. [Obs.]\n\nTo dash. [Obs.] Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage, Danged down to hell her loathsome carriage. Marlowe.", "danged": null, "danger": "1. Authority; jurisdiction; control. [Obs.] In dangerhad he . . . the young girls. Chaucer. 2. Power to harm; subjection or liability to penalty. [Obs.] See In one's danger, below. You stand within his danger, do you not Shak. Covetousness of gains hath brought [them] in dangerof this statute. Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. Exposure to injury, loss, pain, or other evil; peril; risk; insecurity. 4. Difficulty; sparingness. [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Coyness; disdainful behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer. In one's danger, in one's power; liable to a penalty to be inflicted by him. [Obs.] This sense is retained in the proverb, \"Out of debt out of danger.\" Those rich man in whose debt and danger they be not. Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To do danger, to cause danger. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy. -- Danger, Peril, Hazard, Risk, Jeopardy. Danger is the generic term, and implies some contingent evil in prospect. Peril is instant or impending danger; as, in peril of one's life. Hazard arises from something fortuitous or beyond our control; as, the hazard of the seas. Risk is doubtful or uncertain danger, often incurred voluntarily; as, to risk an engagement. Jeopardy is extreme danger. Danger of a contagious disease; the perils of shipwreck; the hazards of speculation; the risk of daring enterprises; a life brought into jeopardy.\n\nTo endanger. [Obs.] Shak.", - "dangerfield": null, "dangerous": "1. Attended or beset with danger; full of risk; perilous; hazardous; unsafe. Our troops set forth to-morrow; stay with us; The ways are dangerous. Shak. It is dangerous to assert a negative. Macaulay. 2. Causing danger; ready to do harm or injury. If they incline to think you dangerous To less than gods. Milton. 3. In a condition of danger, as from illness; threatened with death. [Colloq.] Forby. Bartlett. 4. Hard to suit; difficult to please. [Obs.] My wages ben full strait, and eke full small; My lord to me is hard and dangerous. Chaucer. 5. Reserved; not affable. [Obs.] \"Of his speech dangerous.\" Chaucer. -- Dan\"ger*ous*ly, adv. -- Dan\"ger*ous*ness, n.", "dangerously": null, "dangers": "1. Authority; jurisdiction; control. [Obs.] In dangerhad he . . . the young girls. Chaucer. 2. Power to harm; subjection or liability to penalty. [Obs.] See In one's danger, below. You stand within his danger, do you not Shak. Covetousness of gains hath brought [them] in dangerof this statute. Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. Exposure to injury, loss, pain, or other evil; peril; risk; insecurity. 4. Difficulty; sparingness. [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Coyness; disdainful behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer. In one's danger, in one's power; liable to a penalty to be inflicted by him. [Obs.] This sense is retained in the proverb, \"Out of debt out of danger.\" Those rich man in whose debt and danger they be not. Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To do danger, to cause danger. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy. -- Danger, Peril, Hazard, Risk, Jeopardy. Danger is the generic term, and implies some contingent evil in prospect. Peril is instant or impending danger; as, in peril of one's life. Hazard arises from something fortuitous or beyond our control; as, the hazard of the seas. Risk is doubtful or uncertain danger, often incurred voluntarily; as, to risk an engagement. Jeopardy is extreme danger. Danger of a contagious disease; the perils of shipwreck; the hazards of speculation; the risk of daring enterprises; a life brought into jeopardy.\n\nTo endanger. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -18937,10 +16607,6 @@ "dangles": "To hang loosely, or with a swinging or jerking motion. he'd rather on a gibbet dangle Than miss his dear delight, to wrangle. Hudibras. From her lifted hand Dangled a length of ribbon. Tennyson. To dangle about or after, to hang upon importunately; to court the favor of; to beset. The Presbyterians, and other fanatics that dangle after them, are well inclined to pull down the present establishment. Swift.\n\nTo cause to dangle; to swing, as something suspended loosely; as, to dangle the feet. And the bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume. Sir W. Scott.", "dangling": null, "dangs": "imp. of Ding. [Obs.]\n\nTo dash. [Obs.] Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage, Danged down to hell her loathsome carriage. Marlowe.", - "danial": null, - "daniel": "A Hebrew prophet distinguished for sagacity and ripeness of judgment in youth; hence, a sagacious and upright judge. A Daniel come to judgment. Shak.", - "danielle": null, - "daniels": "A Hebrew prophet distinguished for sagacity and ripeness of judgment in youth; hence, a sagacious and upright judge. A Daniel come to judgment. Shak.", "danish": "Belonging to the Danes, or to their language or country. -- n. The language of the Danes. Danish dog (Zoöl.), one of a large and powerful breed of dogs reared in Denmark; -- called also great Dane. See Illustration in Appendix.", "danishes": null, "dank": "Damp; moist; humid; wet. Now that the fields are dank and ways are mire. Milton. Cheerless watches on the cold, dank ground. Trench.\n\nMoisture; humidity; water. [Obs.]\n\nA small silver coin current in Persia.", @@ -18948,17 +16614,8 @@ "dankest": null, "dankly": null, "dankness": null, - "dannie": null, - "danny": null, - "danone": null, "danseuse": "a professional female dancer; a woman who dances at a public exhibition as in a ballet.", "danseuses": "a professional female dancer; a woman who dances at a public exhibition as in a ballet.", - "dante": null, - "danton": null, - "danube": null, - "danubian": "Pertainingto, or bordering on, the river Danube.", - "danville": null, - "daphne": "1. (Bot.) A genus of diminutive Shrubs, mostly evergreen, and with fragrant blossoms. 2. (Myth.) A nymph of Diana, fabled to have been changed into a laurel tree.", "dapper": "Little and active; spruce; trim; smart; neat in dress or appearance; lively. He wondered how so many provinces could be held in subjection by such a dapper little man. Milton. The dapper ditties that I wont devise. Spenser. Sharp-nosed, dapper steam yachts. Julian Hawthorne.", "dapperer": null, "dapperest": null, @@ -18966,27 +16623,17 @@ "dappled": "Marked with spots of different shades of color; spotted; variegated; as, a dapple horse. Some dapple mists still floated along the peaks. Sir W. Scott. Note: The word is used in composition to denote that some color is variegated or marked with spots; as, dapple-bay; dapple-gray. His steed was all dapple-gray. Chaucer. O, swiftly can speed my dapple-gray steed. Sir W. Scott.", "dapples": "One of the spots on a dappled animal. He has . . . as many eyes on his body as my gray mare hath dapples. Sir P. Sidney.\n\nMarked with spots of different shades of color; spotted; variegated; as, a dapple horse. Some dapple mists still floated along the peaks. Sir W. Scott. Note: The word is used in composition to denote that some color is variegated or marked with spots; as, dapple-bay; dapple-gray. His steed was all dapple-gray. Chaucer. O, swiftly can speed my dapple-gray steed. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo variegate with spots; to spot. The gentle day, . . . Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray. Shak. The dappled pink and blushing rose. Prior.", "dappling": null, - "dar": null, - "darby": "A plasterer's float, having two handles; -- used in smoothing ceilings, etc.", - "darcy": null, - "dardanelles": null, "dare": "To have adequate or sufficient courage for any purpose; to be bold or venturesome; not to be afraid; to venture. I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. Shak. Why then did not the ministers use their new law Bacause they durst not, because they could not. Macaulay. Who dared to sully her sweet love with suspicion. Thackeray. The tie of party was stronger than the tie of blood, because a partisan was more ready to dare without asking why. Jowett (Thu Note: The present tense, I dare, is really an old past tense, so that the third person is he dare, but the form he dares is now often used, and will probably displace the obsolescent he dare, through grammatically as incorrect as he shalls or he cans. Skeat. The pore dar plede (the poor man dare plead). P. Plowman. You know one dare not discover you. Dryden. The fellow dares nopt deceide me. Shak. Here boldly spread thy hands, no venom'd weed Dares blister them, no slimly snail dare creep. Beau. & Fl. Note: Formerly durst was also used as the present. Sometimes the old form dare is found for durst or dared.\n\n1. To have courage for; to attempt courageously; to venture to do or to undertake. What high concentration of steady feeling makes men dare every thing and do anything Bagehot. To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes. The Century. 2. To challenge; to provoke; to defy. Time, I dare thee to discover Such a youth and such a lover. Dryden.\n\n1. The quality of daring; venturesomeness; boldness; dash. [R.] It lends a luster . . . A large dare to our great enterprise. Shak. 2. Defiance; challenge. Childish, unworthy dares Are not enought to part our powers. Chapman. Sextus Pompeius Hath given the dare to Cæsar. Shak.\n\nTo lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo terrify; to daunt. [Obs.] For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman. Beau. & Fl. To dare larks, to catch them by producing terror through to use of mirrors, scarlet cloth, a hawk, etc., so that they lie still till a net is thrown over them. Nares.\n\nA small fish; the dace.", "dared": null, "daredevil": null, "daredevilry": null, "daredevils": null, - "daren": null, "darer": "One who dares or defies.", "darers": "One who dares or defies.", "dares": "To have adequate or sufficient courage for any purpose; to be bold or venturesome; not to be afraid; to venture. I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. Shak. Why then did not the ministers use their new law Bacause they durst not, because they could not. Macaulay. Who dared to sully her sweet love with suspicion. Thackeray. The tie of party was stronger than the tie of blood, because a partisan was more ready to dare without asking why. Jowett (Thu Note: The present tense, I dare, is really an old past tense, so that the third person is he dare, but the form he dares is now often used, and will probably displace the obsolescent he dare, through grammatically as incorrect as he shalls or he cans. Skeat. The pore dar plede (the poor man dare plead). P. Plowman. You know one dare not discover you. Dryden. The fellow dares nopt deceide me. Shak. Here boldly spread thy hands, no venom'd weed Dares blister them, no slimly snail dare creep. Beau. & Fl. Note: Formerly durst was also used as the present. Sometimes the old form dare is found for durst or dared.\n\n1. To have courage for; to attempt courageously; to venture to do or to undertake. What high concentration of steady feeling makes men dare every thing and do anything Bagehot. To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes. The Century. 2. To challenge; to provoke; to defy. Time, I dare thee to discover Such a youth and such a lover. Dryden.\n\n1. The quality of daring; venturesomeness; boldness; dash. [R.] It lends a luster . . . A large dare to our great enterprise. Shak. 2. Defiance; challenge. Childish, unworthy dares Are not enought to part our powers. Chapman. Sextus Pompeius Hath given the dare to Cæsar. Shak.\n\nTo lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo terrify; to daunt. [Obs.] For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman. Beau. & Fl. To dare larks, to catch them by producing terror through to use of mirrors, scarlet cloth, a hawk, etc., so that they lie still till a net is thrown over them. Nares.\n\nA small fish; the dace.", "daresay": null, - "darfur": null, - "darin": null, "daring": "Boldness; fearlessness; adventurousness; also, a daring act.\n\nBold; fearless; adventurous; as, daring spirits. -- Dar\"ing*ly, adv. -- Dar\"ing*ness, n.", "daringly": null, - "dario": null, - "darius": null, - "darjeeling": null, "dark": "1. Destitute, or partially destitute, of light; not receiving, reflecting, or radiating light; wholly or partially black, or of some deep shade of color; not light-colored; as, a dark room; a dark day; dark cloth; dark paint; a dark complexion. O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon, Irrecoverable dark, total eclipse Without all hope of day! milton. In the dark and silent grave. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Not clear to the understanding; not easily The dark problems of existence. Shairp. What may seem dark at the first, will afterward be found more plain. Hooker. What's your dark meaning, mouse, of this light word Shak. 3. Destitute of knowledge and culture; in moral or intellectual darkness; unrefined; ignorant. The age wherin he lived was dark, but he Cobld not want light who taught the world oto see. Denhan. The tenth century used to be reckoned by mediæval historians as the darkest part of this intellectual night. Hallam. 4. Evincing blaxk or foul traits of character; vile; wicked; atrocious; as, a dark villain; a dark deed. Left him at large to his own dark designs. Milton. 5. Foreboding evil; gloomy; jealous; suspicious. More dark and dark our woes. Shak. A deep melancholy took possesion of him, and gave a dark tinge to all his views of human nature. Macaulay. There is, in every true woman-s heart, a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity. W. Irving. 6. Deprived of sight; blind. [Obs.] He was, I think, at this time quite dark, and so had been for some years. Evelyn. Note: Dark is sometimes used to qualify another adjective; as, dark blue, dark green, and sometimes it forms the first part of a compound; as, dark-haired, dark-eyed, dark-colored, dark-seated, dark-working. A dark horse, in racing or politics, a horse or a candidate whose chances of success are not known, and whose capabilities have not been made the subject of general comment or of wagers. [Colloq.] -- Dark house, Dark room, a house or room in which madmen were confined. [Obs.] Shak. -- Dark lantern. See Lantern. -- The Dark Ages, a period of stagnation and obscurity in literature and art, lasting, according to Hallam, nearly 1000 years, from about 500 to about 1500 A. D.. See Middle Ages, under Middle. -- The Dark and Bloody Ground, a phrase applied to the State of Kentucky, and said to be the significance of its name, in allusion to the frequent wars that were waged there between Indians. -- The dark day, a day (May 19, 1780) when a remarkable and unexplained darkness extended over all New England. -- To keep dark, to reveal nothing. [Low]\n\n1. Absence of light; darkness; obscurity; a place where there is little or no light. Here stood he in the dark, his sharp sword out. Shak. 2. The condition of ignorance; gloom; secrecy. Look, what you do, you do it still i' th' dark. Shak. Till we perceive by our own understandings, we are as mucdark, and as void of knowledge, as before. Locke. 3. (Fine Arts) A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, or the like; as, the light and darks are well contrasted. The lights may serve for a repose to the darks, and the darks to the lights. Dryden.\n\nTo darken to obscure. [Obs.] Milton.", "darken": "1. To make dark or black; to deprite of light; to obscure; as, a darkened room. They [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened. Ex. x. 15. So spake the Sovran Voice; and clouds began To darken all the hill. Milton. 2. To render dim; to deprive of vision. Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Rom. xi. 10. 3. To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible. Such was his wisdom that his confidence did seldom darkenhis foresight. Bacon. Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge Job. xxxviii. 2. 4. To cast a gloom upon. With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not The mirth of the feast. Shak. 5. To make foul; to sully; to tarnish. I must not think there are Evils enough to darken all his goodness. Shak.\n\nTo grow or darker.", "darkened": null, @@ -19002,43 +16649,24 @@ "darkness": "1. The absence of light; blackness; obscurity; gloom. And darkness was upon the face of the deep. Gen. i. 2. 2. A state of privacy; secrecy. What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light. Matt. x. 27. 3. A state of ignorance or error, especially on moral or religious subjects; hence, wickedness; impurity. Men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. John. iii. 19. Pursue these sons of darkness: drive them out From all heaven's bounds. Milton. 4. Want of clearness or perspicuity; obscurity; as, the darkness of a subject, or of a discussion. 5. A state of distress or trouble. A day of clouds and of thick darkness. Joel. ii. 2. Prince of darkness, the Devil; Satan. \"In the power of the Prince of darkness.\" Locke. Syn. -- Darkness, Dimness, Obscurity, Gloom. Darkness arises from a total, and dimness from a partial, want of light. A thing is obscure when so overclouded or covered as not to be easily perceived. As tha shade or obscurity increases, it deepens into gloom. What is dark is hidden from view; what is obscure is difficult to perceive or penetrate; the eye becomes dim with age; an impending storm fills the atmosphere with gloom. When taken figuratively, these words have a like use; as, the darkness of ignorance; dimness of discernment; obscurity of reasoning; gloom of superstition.", "darkroom": null, "darkrooms": null, - "darla": null, - "darlene": null, "darling": "One dearly beloved; a favorite. And can do naught but wail her darling's loss. Shak.\n\nDearly beloved; regarded with especial kindness and tenderness; favorite. \"Some darling science.\" I. Watts. \"Darling sin.\" Macaulay.", "darlings": "One dearly beloved; a favorite. And can do naught but wail her darling's loss. Shak.\n\nDearly beloved; regarded with especial kindness and tenderness; favorite. \"Some darling science.\" I. Watts. \"Darling sin.\" Macaulay.", "darn": "To mend as a rent or hole, with interlacing stitches of yarn or thread by means of a needle; to sew together with yarn or thread. He spent every day ten hours in his closet, in darning his stockins. Swift. Darning last. See under Last. -- Darning needle. (a) A long, strong needle for mending holes or rents, especially in stockings. (b) (Zoöl.) Any species of dragon fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a needle. These flies are harmless and without stings. Note: [In this sense, usually written with a hyphen.] Called also devil's darning-needle.\n\nA place mended by darning.\n\nA colloquial euphemism for Damn.", "darned": null, "darneder": null, "darnedest": null, - "darnell": null, "darner": "One who mends by darning.", "darners": "One who mends by darning.", "darning": null, "darns": "To mend as a rent or hole, with interlacing stitches of yarn or thread by means of a needle; to sew together with yarn or thread. He spent every day ten hours in his closet, in darning his stockins. Swift. Darning last. See under Last. -- Darning needle. (a) A long, strong needle for mending holes or rents, especially in stockings. (b) (Zoöl.) Any species of dragon fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a needle. These flies are harmless and without stings. Note: [In this sense, usually written with a hyphen.] Called also devil's darning-needle.\n\nA place mended by darning.\n\nA colloquial euphemism for Damn.", - "darrel": null, - "darrell": null, - "darren": null, - "darrin": null, - "darrow": null, - "darryl": null, "dart": "1. A pointed missile weapon, intended to be thrown by the hand; a short lance; a javelin; hence, any sharp-pointed missile weapon, as an arrow. And he [Joab] took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom. 2 Sa. xviii. 14. 2. Anything resembling a dart; anything that pierces or wounds like a dart. The artful inquiry, whose venomed dart Scarce wounds the hearing while it stabs the heart. Hannan More. 3. A spear set as a prize in running. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. (Zoöl.) A fish; the dace. See Dace. Dart sac (Zoöl.), a sac connected with the reproductive organs of land snails, which contains a dart, or arrowlike structure.\n\n1. To throw with a sudden effort or thrust, as a dart or other missile weapon; to hurl or launch. 2. To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send forth; to emit; to shoot; as, the sun darts forth his beams. Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart Pope.\n\n1. To fly or pass swiftly, as a dart. 2. To start and run with velocity; to shoot rapidly along; as, the deer darted from the thicket.", "dartboard": null, "dartboards": null, "darted": null, "darter": "1. One who darts, or who throw darts; that which darts. 2. (Zoöl.) The snakebird, a water bird of the genus Plotus; -- so called because it darts out its long, snakelike neck at its prey. See Snakebird. 3. (Zoöl.) A small fresh-water etheostomoid fish. The group includes numerous genera and species, all of them American. See Etheostomoid.", "darters": "1. One who darts, or who throw darts; that which darts. 2. (Zoöl.) The snakebird, a water bird of the genus Plotus; -- so called because it darts out its long, snakelike neck at its prey. See Snakebird. 3. (Zoöl.) A small fresh-water etheostomoid fish. The group includes numerous genera and species, all of them American. See Etheostomoid.", - "darth": null, "darting": null, - "dartmoor": null, - "dartmouth": null, "darts": "1. A pointed missile weapon, intended to be thrown by the hand; a short lance; a javelin; hence, any sharp-pointed missile weapon, as an arrow. And he [Joab] took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom. 2 Sa. xviii. 14. 2. Anything resembling a dart; anything that pierces or wounds like a dart. The artful inquiry, whose venomed dart Scarce wounds the hearing while it stabs the heart. Hannan More. 3. A spear set as a prize in running. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. (Zoöl.) A fish; the dace. See Dace. Dart sac (Zoöl.), a sac connected with the reproductive organs of land snails, which contains a dart, or arrowlike structure.\n\n1. To throw with a sudden effort or thrust, as a dart or other missile weapon; to hurl or launch. 2. To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send forth; to emit; to shoot; as, the sun darts forth his beams. Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart Pope.\n\n1. To fly or pass swiftly, as a dart. 2. To start and run with velocity; to shoot rapidly along; as, the deer darted from the thicket.", - "darvon": null, - "darwin": null, - "darwinian": "Pertaining to Darwin; as, the Darwinian theory, a theory of the manner and cause of the supposed development of living things from certain original forms or elements. Note: This theory was put forth by Darwin in 1859 in a work entitled \"The Origin of species by Means of Natural Selection.\" The author argues that, in the struggle for existence, those plants and creatures best fitted to the requirements of the situation in which they are placed are the ones that will live; in other words, that Nature selects those which are survive. This is the theory of natural selection or the survival of the fillest. He also argues that natural selection is capable of modifying and producing organisms fit for their circumstances. See Development theory, under Development.\n\nAn advocate of Darwinism.", - "darwinism": "The theory or doctrines put forth by Darwin. See above. Huxley.", - "darwinisms": "The theory or doctrines put forth by Darwin. See above. Huxley.", - "darwinist": null, - "daryl": null, "dash": "1. To throw with violence or haste; to cause to strike violently or hastily; -- often used with against. If you dash a stone against a stone in the botton of the water, it maketh a sound. Bacon. 2. To break, as by throwing or by collision; to shatter; to crust; to frustrate; to ruin. Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. Ps. ii. 9. A brave vessel, . . . Dashed all to pieces. Shak. To perplex and dash Maturest counsels. Milton. 3. To put to shame; to confound; to confuse; to abash; to depress. South. Dash the proud gamesPope. 4. To throw in or on in a rapid, careless manner; to mix, reduce, or adulterate, by throwing in something of an inferior quality; to overspread partially; to bespatter; to touch here and there; as, to dash wine with water; to dash paint upon a picture. I take care to dash the character with such particular circumstance as may prevent ill-natured applications. Addison. The very source and fount of day Is dashed with wandering isles of night. Tennyson. 5. To form or sketch rapidly or carelessly; to execute rapidly, or with careless haste; -- with off; as, to dash off a review or sermon. 6. To erase by a stroke; to strike out; knock out; -- with out; as, to dash out a word.\n\nTo rust with violence; to move impetuously; to strike violently; as, the waves dash upon rocks. [He] dashed through thick and thin. Dryden. On each hand the gushing waters play, And down the rough cascade all dashing fall. Thomson.\n\n1. Violent striking together of two bodies; collision; crash. 2. A sudden check; abashment; frustration; ruin; as, his hopes received a dash. 3. A slight admixture, infusion, or adulteration; a partial overspreading; as, wine with a dash of water; red with a dash of purple. Innocence when it has in it a dash of folly. Addison. 4. A rapid movement, esp. one of short duration; a quick stroke or blow; a sudden onset or rush; as, a bold dash at the enemy; a dash of rain. She takes upon her bravely at first dash. Shak. 5. Energy in style or action; animation; spirit. 6. A vain show; a blustering parade; a flourish; as, to make or cut a great dash. [Low] 7. (Punctuation) A mark or line [--], in writing or printing, denoting a sudden break, stop, or transition in a sentence, or an abrupt change in its construction, a long or significant pause, or an unexpected or epigrammatic turn of sentiment. Dashes are also sometimes used instead of marks or parenthesis. John Wilson. 8. (Mus.) (a) The sign of staccato, a small mark [. (b) The line drawn through a figure in the thorough bass, as a direction to raise the interval a semitone. 9. (Racing) A short, spirited effort or trial of speed upon a race course; -- used in horse racing, when a single trial constitutes the race.", "dashboard": "1. A board placed on the fore part of a carriage, sleigh, or other vechicle, to intercept water, mud, or snow, thrown up by the heels of the horses; -- in England commonly called splashboard. 2. (Naut.) (a) The float of a paddle wheel. (b) A screen at the bow af a steam launch to keep off the spray; -- called also sprayboard.", "dashboards": "1. A board placed on the fore part of a carriage, sleigh, or other vechicle, to intercept water, mud, or snow, thrown up by the heels of the horses; -- in England commonly called splashboard. 2. (Naut.) (a) The float of a paddle wheel. (b) A screen at the bow af a steam launch to keep off the spray; -- called also sprayboard.", @@ -19054,11 +16682,9 @@ "dastardliness": "The quality of being dastardly; cowardice; base fear.", "dastardly": "Meanly timid; cowardly; base; as, a dastardly outrage.", "dastards": "One who meanly shrinks from danger; an arrant coward; a poltroon. You are all recreants and dashtards, and delight to live in slavery to the nobility. Shak.\n\nMeanly shrinking from danger; cowardly; dastardly. \"Their dastard souls.\" Addison.\n\nTo dastardize. [R.] Dryden.", - "dat": null, "data": "See Datum.", "database": null, "databases": null, - "datamation": null, "dataset": null, "datasets": null, "datatype": null, @@ -19085,11 +16711,9 @@ "daubers": "1. One who, or that which, daubs; especially, a coarse, unskillful painter. 2. (Copperplate Print.) A pad or ball of rags, covered over with canvas, for inking plates; a dabber. 3. A low and gross flattere. 4. (Zoöl.) The mud wasp; the mud dauber.", "daubing": "1. The act of one who daubs; that which is daubed. 2. A rough coat of mortar put upon a wall to give it the appearance of stone; rough-cast. 3. In currying, a mixture of fish oil and tallow worked into leather; -- called also dubbing. Knight.", "daubs": "1. To smear with soft, adhesive matter, as pitch, slime, mud, etc.; to plaster; to bedaub; to besmear. She took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch. Ex. ii. 3. 2. To paint in a coarse or unskillful manner. If a picture is daubed with many bright and glaring colors, the vulgar admire it is an excellent piece. I. Watts. A lame, imperfect piece, rudely daubed over. Dryden. 3. To cover with a specious or deceitful exterior; to disguise; to conceal. So smooth he daubed his vice with show of virtue. Shak. 4. To flatter excessively or glossy. [R.] I can safely say, however, that, without any daubing at all, I am very sincerely your very affectionate, humble servant. Smollett. 5. To put on without taste; to deck gaudily. [R.] Let him be daubed with lace. Dryden.\n\nTo smear; to play the flatterer. His conscience . . . will not daub nor flatter. South.\n\n1. A viscous, sticky application; a spot smeared or dabed; a smear. 2. (Paint.) A picture coarsely executed. Did you . . . take a look at the grand picture . . . 'T is a melancholy daub, my lord. Sterne.", - "daugherty": null, "daughter": "1. The female offspring of the human species; a female child of any age; -- applied also to the lower animals. 2. A female descendant; a woman. This woman, being a daughter of Abraham. Luke xiii. 16. Dinah, the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughter of the land. Gen. xxxiv. 1. 3. A son's wife; a daughter-in-law. And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters. Ruth. i. 11. 4. A term of adress indicating parental interest. Daughter, be of good comfort. Matt. ix. 22. Daughter cell (Biol.), one of the cells formed by cell division. See Cell division, under Division.", "daughterly": "Becoming a daughter; filial. Sir Thomas liked her natural and dear daughterly affection towards him. Cavendish.", "daughters": "1. The female offspring of the human species; a female child of any age; -- applied also to the lower animals. 2. A female descendant; a woman. This woman, being a daughter of Abraham. Luke xiii. 16. Dinah, the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughter of the land. Gen. xxxiv. 1. 3. A son's wife; a daughter-in-law. And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters. Ruth. i. 11. 4. A term of adress indicating parental interest. Daughter, be of good comfort. Matt. ix. 22. Daughter cell (Biol.), one of the cells formed by cell division. See Cell division, under Division.", - "daumier": null, "daunt": "1. To overcome; to conquer. [Obs.] 2. To repress or subdue the courage of; to check by fear of danger; to cow; to intimidate; to dishearten. Some presences daunt and discourage us. Glanvill. Syn. -- To dismay; appall. See Dismay.", "daunted": null, "daunting": null, @@ -19100,33 +16724,21 @@ "daunts": "1. To overcome; to conquer. [Obs.] 2. To repress or subdue the courage of; to check by fear of danger; to cow; to intimidate; to dishearten. Some presences daunt and discourage us. Glanvill. Syn. -- To dismay; appall. See Dismay.", "dauphin": "The title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to the crown. Since the revolution of 1830, the title has been discontinued.", "dauphins": "The title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to the crown. Since the revolution of 1830, the title has been discontinued.", - "davao": null, - "dave": null, "davenport": "A kind of small writing table, generally somewhat ornamental, and forming a piece of furniture for the parlor or boudoir. A much battered davenport in one of the windows, at which sat a lady writing. A. B. Edwards.", "davenports": "A kind of small writing table, generally somewhat ornamental, and forming a piece of furniture for the parlor or boudoir. A much battered davenport in one of the windows, at which sat a lady writing. A. B. Edwards.", - "david": null, - "davids": null, - "davidson": null, - "davies": null, - "davis": null, "davit": "(a) A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship; -- called also the fish davit. (b) pl. Curved arms of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side of stern, having tackle to raise or lower a boat, swing it in on deck, rig it out for lowering, etc.; -- called also boat davits. Totten.", "davits": "(a) A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship; -- called also the fish davit. (b) pl. Curved arms of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side of stern, having tackle to raise or lower a boat, swing it in on deck, rig it out for lowering, etc.; -- called also boat davits. Totten.", - "davy": null, "dawdle": "To waste time in trifling employment; to trifle; to saunter. Come some evening and dawdle over a dish of tea with me. Johnson. We . . . dawdle up and down Pall Mall. Thackeray.\n\nTo waste by trifling; as, to dawdle away a whole morning.\n\nA dawdler. Colman & Carrick.", "dawdled": null, "dawdler": "One who wastes time in trifling employments; an idler; a trifler.", "dawdlers": "One who wastes time in trifling employments; an idler; a trifler.", "dawdles": "To waste time in trifling employment; to trifle; to saunter. Come some evening and dawdle over a dish of tea with me. Johnson. We . . . dawdle up and down Pall Mall. Thackeray.\n\nTo waste by trifling; as, to dawdle away a whole morning.\n\nA dawdler. Colman & Carrick.", "dawdling": null, - "dawes": "Day. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "dawkins": null, "dawn": "1. To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; to break, or begin to appear; as, the day dawns; the morning dawns. In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene . . . to see the sepulcher. Matt. xxviii. 1. 2. To began to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand. \"In dawning youth.\" Dryden. When life awakes, and dawns at every line. Pope. Dawn on our darkness and lend us thine aid. Heber,\n\n1. The break of day; the first appeareance of light in the morning; show of approaching sunrise. And oft at dawn, deep noon, or falling eve. Thomson. No sun, no moon, no morn, no noon, No dawn, no dusk, no proper time of day. Hood. 2. First opening or expansion; first appearance; beginning; rise. \"The dawn of time.\" Thomson. These tender circumstances diffuse a dawn of serenity over the soul. Pope.", "dawned": null, "dawning": null, "dawns": "1. To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; to break, or begin to appear; as, the day dawns; the morning dawns. In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene . . . to see the sepulcher. Matt. xxviii. 1. 2. To began to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand. \"In dawning youth.\" Dryden. When life awakes, and dawns at every line. Pope. Dawn on our darkness and lend us thine aid. Heber,\n\n1. The break of day; the first appeareance of light in the morning; show of approaching sunrise. And oft at dawn, deep noon, or falling eve. Thomson. No sun, no moon, no morn, no noon, No dawn, no dusk, no proper time of day. Hood. 2. First opening or expansion; first appearance; beginning; rise. \"The dawn of time.\" Thomson. These tender circumstances diffuse a dawn of serenity over the soul. Pope.", - "dawson": null, "day": "1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to darkness; hence, the light; sunshine. 2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. -- ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured by the interval between two successive transits of a celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is the moon, a lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day, below. 3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by usage or law for work. 4. A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time. A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day. Jowett (Thucyd. ) If my debtors do not keep their day, . . . I must with patience all the terms attend. Dryden. 5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of contest, some anniversary, etc. The field of Agincourt, Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus. Shak. His name struck fear, his conduct won the day. Roscommon. Note: Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as, daybreak, daylight, workday, etc. Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n. -- Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day, as that most used by astronomers. -- Born days. See under Born. -- Canicular days. See Dog day. -- Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight. -- Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia. -- Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day; continually; without intermission of a day. See under By. \"Day by day we magnify thee.\" Book of Common Prayer. -- Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench, or Bench (bank) as it was formerly termed. Burrill. -- Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a suit. -- Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. Shipley. -- Days of grace. See Grace. -- Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. Shipley. -- Day owl, (Zoöl.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl. -- Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished) allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go beyond the prison limits for a single day. -- Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in distinction from a boarding school. -- Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia. -- Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon. -- From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as, he improves from day to day. -- Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset. -- Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the apparent solar days of the year. -- One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. \"Well, niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband.\" Shak. -- Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance; temporarily. Bacon. -- Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The Sidereal day is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time. -- To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. S. Butler. -- Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day. -- Working day. (a) A day when work may be legally done, in distinction from Sundays and legal holidays. (b) The number of hours, determined by law or custom, during which a workman, hired at a stated price per day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.", - "dayan": null, "daybed": null, "daybeds": null, "daybreak": "The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.", @@ -19142,7 +16754,6 @@ "daylong": null, "days": "1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to darkness; hence, the light; sunshine. 2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. -- ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured by the interval between two successive transits of a celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is the moon, a lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day, below. 3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by usage or law for work. 4. A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time. A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day. Jowett (Thucyd. ) If my debtors do not keep their day, . . . I must with patience all the terms attend. Dryden. 5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of contest, some anniversary, etc. The field of Agincourt, Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus. Shak. His name struck fear, his conduct won the day. Roscommon. Note: Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as, daybreak, daylight, workday, etc. Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n. -- Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day, as that most used by astronomers. -- Born days. See under Born. -- Canicular days. See Dog day. -- Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight. -- Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia. -- Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day; continually; without intermission of a day. See under By. \"Day by day we magnify thee.\" Book of Common Prayer. -- Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench, or Bench (bank) as it was formerly termed. Burrill. -- Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a suit. -- Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. Shipley. -- Days of grace. See Grace. -- Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. Shipley. -- Day owl, (Zoöl.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl. -- Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished) allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go beyond the prison limits for a single day. -- Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in distinction from a boarding school. -- Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia. -- Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon. -- From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as, he improves from day to day. -- Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset. -- Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the apparent solar days of the year. -- One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. \"Well, niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband.\" Shak. -- Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance; temporarily. Bacon. -- Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The Sidereal day is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time. -- To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. S. Butler. -- Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day. -- Working day. (a) A day when work may be legally done, in distinction from Sundays and legal holidays. (b) The number of hours, determined by law or custom, during which a workman, hired at a stated price per day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.", "daytime": "The time during which there is daylight, as distinguished from the night.", - "dayton": null, "daze": "To stupefy with excess of light; with a blow, with cold, or with fear; to confuse; to benumb. While flashing beams do daze his feeble eyen. Spenser. Such souls, Whose sudden visitations daze the world. Sir H. Taylor. He comes out of the room in a dazed state, that is an odd though a sufficient substitute for interest. Dickens.\n\n1. The state of being dazed; as, he was in a daze. [Colloq.] 2. (Mining) A glittering stone.", "dazed": null, "dazedly": null, @@ -19157,16 +16768,11 @@ "dazzlingly": "In a dazzling manner.", "db": null, "dbl": null, - "dbms": null, "dc": null, "dd": null, "dded": null, "dding": null, "dds": null, - "ddt": null, - "ddts": null, - "de": null, - "dea": null, "deacon": "1. (Eccl.) An officer in Christian churches appointed to perform certain subordinate duties varying in different communions. In the Roman Catholic and Episcopal churches, a person admitted to the lowest order in the ministry, subordinate to the bishops and priests. In Presbyterian churches, he is subordinate to the minister and elders, and has charge of certain duties connected with the communion service and the care of the poor. In Congregational churches, he is subordinate to the pastor, and has duties as in the Presbyterian church. 2. The chairman of an incorporated company. [Scot.]\n\nTo read aloud each line of (a psalm or hymn) before singing it, -- usually with off. [Colloq. New. Eng.] See Line, v. t. Note: The expression is derived from a former custom in the Congregational churches of New England. It was part of the office of a deacon to read aloud the psalm given out, one line at a time, the congregation singing each line as soon as read; -- called, also, lining out the psalm.", "deaconess": "A female deacon; as: (a) (Primitive Ch.) One of an order of women whose duties resembled those of deacons. (b) (Ch. of Eng. and Prot. Epis. Ch.) A woman set apart for church work by a bishop. (c) A woman chosen as a helper in church work, as among the Congregationalists.", "deaconesses": null, @@ -19225,13 +16831,8 @@ "deals": "1. A part or portion; a share; hence, an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent, degree, or extent; as, a deal of time and trouble; a deal of cold. Three tenth deals [parts of an ephah] of flour. Num. xv. 9. As an object of science it [the Celtic genius] may count for a good deal . . . as a spiritual power. M. Arnold. She was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect. W. Black. Note: It was formerly limited by some, every, never a, a thousand, etc.; as, some deal; but these are now obsolete or vulgar. In general, we now qualify the word with great or good, and often use it adverbially, by being understood; as, a great deal of time and pains; a great (or good) deal better or worse; that is, better by a great deal, or by a great part or difference. 2. The process of dealing cards to the players; also, the portion disturbed. The deal, the shuffle, and the cut. Swift. 3. Distribution; apportionment. [Colloq.] 4. An arrangement to attain a desired result by a combination of interested parties; -- applied to stock speculations and political bargains. [Slang] 5. Etym: [Prob. from D. deel a plank, threshing floor. See Thill.] The division of a piece of timber made by sawing; a board or plank; particularly, a board or plank of fir or pine above seven inches in width, and exceeding six feet in length. If narrower than this, it is called a batten; if shorter, a deal end. Note: Whole deal is a general term for planking one and one half inches thick. 6. Wood of the pine or fir; as, a floor of deal. Deal tree, a fir tree. Dr. Prior.\n\n1. To divide; to separate in portions; hence, to give in portions; to distribute; to bestow successively; -- sometimes with out. Is not to deal thy bread to the hungry Is. lviii. 7. And Rome deals out her blessings and her gold. Tickell. The nightly mallet deals resounding blows. Gay. Hissing through the skies, the feathery deaths were dealt. Dryden. 2. Specifically: To distribute, as cards, to the players at the commencement of a game; as, to deal the cards; to deal one a jack.\n\n1. To make distribution; to share out in portions, as cards to the players. 2. To do a distributing or retailing business, as distinguished from that of a manufacturer or producer; to traffic; to trade; to do business; as, he deals in flour. They buy and sell, they deal and traffic. South. This is to drive to wholesale trade, when all other petty merchants deal but for parcels. Dr. H. More. 3. To act as an intermediary in business or any affairs; to manage; to make arrangements; -- followed by between or with. Sometimes he that deals between man and man, raiseth his own credit with both, by pretending greater interest than he hath in either. Bacon. 4. To conduct one's self; to behave or act in any affair or towards any one; to treat. If he will deal clearly and impartially, . . . he will acknowledge all this to be true. Tillotson. 5. To contend (with); to treat (with), by way of opposition, check, or correction; as, he has turbulent passions to deal with. To deal by, to treat, either well or ill; as, to deal well by servants. \"Such an one deals not fairly by his own mind.\" Locke. -- To deal in. (a) To have to do with; to be engaged in; to practice; as, they deal in political matters. (b) To buy and sell; to furnish, as a retailer or wholesaler; as, they deal in fish. -- To deal with. (a) To treat in any manner; to use, whether well or ill; to have to do with; specifically, to trade with. \"Dealing with witches.\" Shak. (b) To reprove solemnly; to expostulate with. The deacons of his church, who, to use their own phrase, \"dealt with him\" on the sin of rejecting the aid which Providence so manifestly held out. Hawthorne. Return . . . and I will deal well with thee. Gen. xxxii. 9.", "dealt": null, "dean": "1. A dignitary or presiding officer in certain ecclesiastical and lay bodies; esp., an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop. Dean of cathedral church, the chief officer of a chapter; he is an ecclesiastical magistrate next in degree to bishop, and has immediate charge of the cathedral and its estates. -- Dean of peculiars, a dean holding a preferment which has some peculiarity relative to spiritual superiors and the jurisdiction exercised in it. [Eng.] -- Rural dean, one having, under the bishop, the especial care and inspection of the clergy within certain parishes or districts of the diocese. 2. The collegiate officer in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, England, who, besides other duties, has regard to the moral condition of the college. Shipley. 3. The head or presiding officer in the faculty of some colleges or universities. 4. A registrar or secretary of the faculty in a department of a college, as in a medical, or theological, or scientific department. [U.S.] 5. The chief or senior of a company on occasion of ceremony; as, the dean of the diplomatic corps; -- so called by courtesy. Cardinal dean, the senior cardinal bishop of the college of cardinals at Rome. Shipley. -- Dean and chapter, the legal corporation and governing body of a cathedral. It consists of the dean, who is chief, and his canons or prebendaries. -- Dean of arches, the lay judge of the court of arches. -- Dean of faculty, the president of an incorporation or barristers; specifically, the president of the incorporation of advocates in Edinburgh. -- Dean of guild, a magistrate of Scotch burghs, formerly, and still, in some burghs, chosen by the Guildry, whose duty is to superintend the erection of new buildings and see that they conform to the law. -- Dean of a monastery, Monastic dean, a monastic superior over ten monks. -- Dean's stall. See Decanal stall, under Decanal.", - "deana": null, - "deandre": null, "deaneries": null, "deanery": "1. The office or the revenue of a dean. See the Note under Benefice, n., 3. 2. The residence of a dean. Shak. 3. The territorial jurisdiction of a dean. Each archdeaconry is divided into rural deaneries, and each deanery is divided into parishes. Blackstone.", - "deann": null, - "deanna": null, - "deanne": null, "deans": "1. A dignitary or presiding officer in certain ecclesiastical and lay bodies; esp., an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop. Dean of cathedral church, the chief officer of a chapter; he is an ecclesiastical magistrate next in degree to bishop, and has immediate charge of the cathedral and its estates. -- Dean of peculiars, a dean holding a preferment which has some peculiarity relative to spiritual superiors and the jurisdiction exercised in it. [Eng.] -- Rural dean, one having, under the bishop, the especial care and inspection of the clergy within certain parishes or districts of the diocese. 2. The collegiate officer in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, England, who, besides other duties, has regard to the moral condition of the college. Shipley. 3. The head or presiding officer in the faculty of some colleges or universities. 4. A registrar or secretary of the faculty in a department of a college, as in a medical, or theological, or scientific department. [U.S.] 5. The chief or senior of a company on occasion of ceremony; as, the dean of the diplomatic corps; -- so called by courtesy. Cardinal dean, the senior cardinal bishop of the college of cardinals at Rome. Shipley. -- Dean and chapter, the legal corporation and governing body of a cathedral. It consists of the dean, who is chief, and his canons or prebendaries. -- Dean of arches, the lay judge of the court of arches. -- Dean of faculty, the president of an incorporation or barristers; specifically, the president of the incorporation of advocates in Edinburgh. -- Dean of guild, a magistrate of Scotch burghs, formerly, and still, in some burghs, chosen by the Guildry, whose duty is to superintend the erection of new buildings and see that they conform to the law. -- Dean of a monastery, Monastic dean, a monastic superior over ten monks. -- Dean's stall. See Decanal stall, under Decanal.", "deanship": "The office of a dean. I dont't value your deanship a straw. Swift.", "dear": "1. Bearing a high price; high-priced; costly; expensive. The cheapest of us is ten groats too dear. Shak. 2. Marked by scarcity or dearth, and exorbitance of price; as, a dear year. 3. Highly valued; greatly beloved; cherished; precious. \"Hear me, dear lady.\" Shak. Neither count I my life dear unto myself. Acts xx. 24. And the last joy was dearer than the rest. Pope. Dear as remember'd kisses after death. Tennyson. 4. Hence, close to the heart; heartfelt; present in mind; engaging the attention. (a) Of agreeable things and interests. [I'll] leave you to attend him: some dear cause Will in concealment wrap me up awhile. Shak. His dearest wish was to escape from the bustle and glitter of Whitehall. Macaulay. (b) Of disagreeable things and antipathies. In our dear peril. Shak. Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day. Shak.\n\nA dear one; lover; sweetheart. That kiss I carried from thee, dear. Shak.\n\nDearly; at a high price. If thou attempt it, it will cost thee dear. Shak.\n\nTo endear. [Obs.] Shelton.", @@ -19294,11 +16895,8 @@ "debauchery": "1. Corruption of fidelity; seduction from virtue, duty, or allegiance. The republic of Paris will endeavor to complete the debauchery of the army. Burke. 2. Excessive indulgence of the appetites; especially, excessive indulgence of lust; intemperance; sensuality; habitual lewdness. Oppose . . . debauchery by temperance. Sprat.", "debauches": null, "debauching": null, - "debbie": null, - "debby": null, "debenture": "1. A writing acknowledging a debt; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person; the sum thus due. 2. A customhouse certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a drawback of duties paid on their importation. Burrill. Note: It is applied in England to deeds of mortgage given by railway companies for borrowed money; also to municipal and other bonds and securities for money loaned.", "debentures": "1. A writing acknowledging a debt; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person; the sum thus due. 2. A customhouse certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a drawback of duties paid on their importation. Burrill. Note: It is applied in England to deeds of mortgage given by railway companies for borrowed money; also to municipal and other bonds and securities for money loaned.", - "debian": null, "debilitate": "To impair the strength of; to weaken; to enfeeble; as, to debilitate the body by intemperance. Various ails debilitate the mind. Jenyns. The debilitated frame of Mr. Bertram was exhausted by this last effort. Sir W. Scott.", "debilitated": null, "debilitates": "To impair the strength of; to weaken; to enfeeble; as, to debilitate the body by intemperance. Various ails debilitate the mind. Jenyns. The debilitated frame of Mr. Bertram was exhausted by this last effort. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -19313,14 +16911,10 @@ "debonair": "Characterized by courteousness, affability, or gentleness; of good appearance and manners; graceful; complaisant. Was never prince so meek and debonair. Spenser.", "debonairly": "Courteously; elegantly.", "debonairness": "The quality of being debonair; good humor; gentleness; courtesy. Sterne.", - "debora": null, - "deborah": null, "debouch": "To march out from a wood, defile, or other confined spot, into open ground; to issue. Battalions debouching on the plain. Prescott.", "debouched": null, "debouches": "A place for exit; an outlet; hence, a market for goods. The débouchés were ordered widened to afford easy egress. The Century.", "debouching": null, - "debouillet": null, - "debra": null, "debridement": null, "debrief": null, "debriefed": null, @@ -19343,14 +16937,12 @@ "debunked": null, "debunking": null, "debunks": null, - "debussy": null, "debut": "A beginning or first attempt; hence, a first appearance before the public, as of an actor or public speaker.", "debutante": "A person who makes his (or her) first appearance before the public.", "debutantes": "A person who makes his (or her) first appearance before the public.", "debuted": null, "debuting": null, "debuts": "A beginning or first attempt; hence, a first appearance before the public, as of an actor or public speaker.", - "dec": null, "decade": "A group or division of ten; esp., a period of ten years; a decennium; as, a decade of years or days; a decade of soldiers; the second decade of Livy. [Written also decad.] During this notable decade of years. Gladstone.", "decadence": "A falling away; decay; deterioration; declension. \"The old castle, where the family lived in their decadence.' Sir W. Scott.", "decadency": "A falling away; decay; deterioration; declension. \"The old castle, where the family lived in their decadence.' Sir W. Scott.", @@ -19369,7 +16961,6 @@ "decagon": "A plane figure having ten sides and ten angles; any figure having ten angles. A regular decagon is one that has all its sides and angles equal.", "decagons": "A plane figure having ten sides and ten angles; any figure having ten angles. A regular decagon is one that has all its sides and angles equal.", "decal": null, - "decalogue": "The Ten Commandments or precepts given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and originally written on two tables of stone.", "decals": null, "decamp": "1. To break up a camp; to move away from a camping ground, usually by night or secretly. Macaulay. 2. Hence, to depart suddenly; to run away; -- generally used disparagingly. The fathers were ordered to decamp, and the house was once again converted into a tavern. Goldsmith.", "decamped": null, @@ -19394,18 +16985,14 @@ "decathletes": null, "decathlon": "In the modern Olympic Games, a composite contest consisting of a 100-meter run, a broad jump, putting the shot, a running high-jump, a 400-meter run, throwing the discus, a 100-meter hurdle race, pole vaulting, throwing the javelin, and a 1500-meter run.", "decathlons": "In the modern Olympic Games, a composite contest consisting of a 100-meter run, a broad jump, putting the shot, a running high-jump, a 400-meter run, throwing the discus, a 100-meter hurdle race, pole vaulting, throwing the javelin, and a 1500-meter run.", - "decatur": null, "decay": "To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to one of imperfection, adversity, or dissolution; to waste away; to decline; to fail; to become weak, corrupt, or disintegrated; to rot; to perish; as, a tree decays; fortunes decay; hopes decay. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To cause to decay; to impair. [R.] Infirmity, that decays the wise. Shak. 2. To destroy. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. Gradual failure of health, strength, soundness, prosperity, or of any species of excellence or perfection; tendency toward dissolution or extinction; corruption; rottenness; decline; deterioration; as, the decay of the body; the decay of virtue; the decay of the Roman empire; a castle in decay. Perhaps my God, though he be far before, May turn, and take me by the hand, and more -May strengthen my decays. Herbert. His [Johnson's] failure was not to be ascribed to intellectual decay. Macaulay. Which has caused the decay of the consonants to follow somewhat different laws. James Byrne. 2. Destruction; death. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. Cause of decay. [R.] He that plots to be the only figure among ciphers, is the decay of the whole age. Bacon. Syn. -- Decline; consumption. See Decline.", "decayed": "Fallen, as to physical or social condition; affected with decay; rotten; as, decayed vegetation or vegetables; a decayed fortune or gentleman. -- De*cay\"ed*ness, n.", "decaying": null, "decays": "To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to one of imperfection, adversity, or dissolution; to waste away; to decline; to fail; to become weak, corrupt, or disintegrated; to rot; to perish; as, a tree decays; fortunes decay; hopes decay. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To cause to decay; to impair. [R.] Infirmity, that decays the wise. Shak. 2. To destroy. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. Gradual failure of health, strength, soundness, prosperity, or of any species of excellence or perfection; tendency toward dissolution or extinction; corruption; rottenness; decline; deterioration; as, the decay of the body; the decay of virtue; the decay of the Roman empire; a castle in decay. Perhaps my God, though he be far before, May turn, and take me by the hand, and more -May strengthen my decays. Herbert. His [Johnson's] failure was not to be ascribed to intellectual decay. Macaulay. Which has caused the decay of the consonants to follow somewhat different laws. James Byrne. 2. Destruction; death. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. Cause of decay. [R.] He that plots to be the only figure among ciphers, is the decay of the whole age. Bacon. Syn. -- Decline; consumption. See Decline.", - "decca": null, - "deccan": null, "decease": "Departure, especially departure from this life; death. His decease, which he should accomplish at Jerusalem. Luke ix. 31. And I, the whilst you mourn for his decease, Will with my mourning plaints your plaint increase. Spenser. Syn. -- Death; departure; dissolution; demise; release. See Death.\n\nTo depart from this life; to die; to pass away. She's dead, deceased, she's dead. Shak. When our summers have deceased. Tennyson. Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature. Emerson.", "deceased": "Passed away; dead; gone. The deceased, the dead person.", "deceases": "Departure, especially departure from this life; death. His decease, which he should accomplish at Jerusalem. Luke ix. 31. And I, the whilst you mourn for his decease, Will with my mourning plaints your plaint increase. Spenser. Syn. -- Death; departure; dissolution; demise; release. See Death.\n\nTo depart from this life; to die; to pass away. She's dead, deceased, she's dead. Shak. When our summers have deceased. Tennyson. Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature. Emerson.", "deceasing": null, - "deced": null, "decedent": "Removing; departing. Ash.\n\nA deceased person. Bouvier.", "decedents": "Removing; departing. Ash.\n\nA deceased person. Bouvier.", "deceit": "1. An attempt or disposition to deceive or lead into error; any declaration, artifice, or practice, which misleads another, or causes him to believe what is false; a contrivance to entrap; deception; a wily device; fraud. Making the ephah small and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit. Amos viii. 5. Friendly to man, far from deceit or guile. Milton. Yet still we hug the dear deceit. N. Cotton. 2. (Law) Any trick, collusion, contrivance, false representation, or underhand practice, used to defraud another. When injury is thereby effected, an action of deceit, as it called, lies for compensation. Syn. -- Deception; fraud; imposition; duplicity; trickery; guile; falsifying; double-dealing; stratagem. See Deception.", @@ -19427,8 +17014,6 @@ "deceleration": null, "decelerator": null, "decelerators": null, - "december": "1. The twelfth and last month of the year, containing thirty-one days. During this month occurs the winter solstice. 2. Fig.: With reference to the end of the year and to the winter season; as, the December of his life.", - "decembers": "1. The twelfth and last month of the year, containing thirty-one days. During this month occurs the winter solstice. 2. Fig.: With reference to the end of the year and to the winter season; as, the December of his life.", "decencies": null, "decency": "1. The quality or state of being decent, suitable, or becoming, in words or behavior; propriety of form in social intercourse, in actions, or in discourse; proper formality; becoming ceremony; seemliness; hence, freedom from obscenity or indecorum; modesty. Observances of time, place, and of decency in general. Burke. Immodest words admit of no defense, For want of decency is want of sense. Roscommon. 2. That which is proper or becoming. The external decencies of worship. Atterbury. Those thousand decencies, that daily flow From all her words and actions. Milton.", "decennial": "Consisting of ten years; happening every ten years; as, a decennial period; decennial games. Hallam.\n\nA tenth year or tenth anniversary.", @@ -19482,7 +17067,6 @@ "deckchair": null, "deckchairs": null, "decked": null, - "decker": "1. One who, or that which, decks or adorns; a coverer; as, a table decker. 2. A vessel which has a deck or decks; -- used esp. in composition; as, a single-decker; a three-decker.", "deckhand": null, "deckhands": null, "decking": null, @@ -19633,8 +17217,6 @@ "decry": "To cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless; to clamor against; to blame clamorously; to discredit; to disparage. For small errors they whole plays decry. Dryden. Measures which are extolled by one half of the kingdom are naturally decried by the other. Addison. Syn. -- To Decry, Depreciate, Detract, Disparage. Decry and depreciate refer to the estimation of a thing, the former seeking to lower its value by clamorous censure, the latter by representing it as of little worth. Detract and disparage also refer to merit or value, which the former assails with caviling, insinuation, etc., while the latter willfully underrates and seeks to degrade it. Men decry their rivals and depreciate their measures. The envious detract from the merit of a good action, and disparage the motives of him who performs it.", "decrying": null, "decryption": null, - "decs": null, - "dedekind": null, "dedicate": "Dedicated; set apart; devoted; consecrated. \"Dedicate to nothing temporal.\" Shak. Syn. -- Devoted; consecrated; addicted.\n\n1. To set apart and consecrate, as to a divinity, or for sacred uses; to devote formally and solemnly; as, to dedicate vessels, treasures, a temple, or a church, to a religious use. Vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, . . . which also king David did dedicate unto the Lord. 2 Sam. viii. 10, 11. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. . . . But in a larger sense we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. A. Lincoln. 2. To devote, set apart, or give up, as one's self, to a duty or service. The profession of a soldier, to which he had dedicated himself. Clarendon. 3. To inscribe or address, as to a patron. He complied ten elegant books, and dedicated them to the Lord Burghley. Peacham. Syn. -- See Addict.", "dedicated": null, "dedicates": "Dedicated; set apart; devoted; consecrated. \"Dedicate to nothing temporal.\" Shak. Syn. -- Devoted; consecrated; addicted.\n\n1. To set apart and consecrate, as to a divinity, or for sacred uses; to devote formally and solemnly; as, to dedicate vessels, treasures, a temple, or a church, to a religious use. Vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, . . . which also king David did dedicate unto the Lord. 2 Sam. viii. 10, 11. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. . . . But in a larger sense we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. A. Lincoln. 2. To devote, set apart, or give up, as one's self, to a duty or service. The profession of a soldier, to which he had dedicated himself. Clarendon. 3. To inscribe or address, as to a patron. He complied ten elegant books, and dedicated them to the Lord Burghley. Peacham. Syn. -- See Addict.", @@ -19659,7 +17241,6 @@ "deductive": "Of or pertaining to deduction; capable of being deduced from premises; deducible. All knowledge of causes is deductive. Glanvill. Notions and ideas . . . used in a deductive process. Whewell.", "deductively": "By deduction; by way of inference; by consequence. Sir T. Browne.", "deducts": "1. To lead forth or out. [Obs.] A people deducted out of the city of Philippos. Udall. 2. To take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; to subtract; -- often with from or out of. Deduct what is but vanity, or dress. Pope. Two and a half per cent should be deducted out of the pay of the foreign troops. Bp. Burnet. We deduct from the computation of our years that part of our time which is spent in . . . infancy. Norris. 3. To reduce; to diminish. [Obs.] \"Do not deduct it to days.\" Massinger.", - "dee": null, "deed": "Dead. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. That which is done or effected by a responsible agent; an act; an action; a thing done; -- a word of extensive application, including, whatever is done, good or bad, great or small. And Joseph said to them, What deed is this which ye have done Gen. xliv. 15. We receive the due reward of our deeds. Luke xxiii. 41. Would serve his kind in deed and word. Tennyson. 2. Illustrious act; achievement; exploit. \"Knightly deeds.\" Spenser. Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn. Dryden. 3. Power of action; agency; efficiency. [Obs.] To be, both will and deed, created free. Milton. 4. Fact; reality; -- whence we have indeed. 5. (Law) A sealed instrument in writing, on paper or parchment, duly executed and delivered, containing some transfer, bargain, or contract. Note: The term is generally applied to conveyances of real estate, and it is the prevailing doctrine that a deed must be signed as well as sealed, though at common law signing was formerly not necessary. Blank deed, a printed form containing the customary legal phraseology, with blank spaces for writing in names, dates, boundaries, etc. 6. Performance; -- followed by of. [Obs.] Shak. In deed, in fact; in truth; verily. See Indeed.\n\nTo convey or transfer by deed; as, he deeded all his estate to his eldest son. [Colloq. U. S.]", "deeded": null, "deeding": null, @@ -19670,7 +17251,6 @@ "deemed": null, "deeming": null, "deems": "1. To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [Obs.] Claudius . . . Was demed for to hang upon a tree. Chaucer. 2. To account; to esteem; to think; to judge; to hold in opinion; to regard. For never can I deem him less him less than god. Dryden.\n\n1. To be of opinion; to think; to estimate; to opine; to suppose. And deemest thou as those who pore, With aged eyes, short way before Emerson. 2. To pass judgment. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nOpinion; judgment. [Obs.] Shak.", - "deena": null, "deep": "1. Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension (measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from high, which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth; as, a deep sea. The water where the brook is deep. Shak. 2. Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer part, mouth, etc.); as, a deep cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten seats deep; a company of soldiers six files deep. Shadowing squadrons deep. Milton. Safely in harbor Is the king's ship in the deep nook. Shak. 3. Low in situation; lying far below the general surface; as, a deep valley. 4. Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; -- opposed to shallow or superficial; intricate; mysterious; not obvious; obscure; as, a deep subject or plot. Speculations high or deep. Milton. A question deep almost as the mystery of life. De Quincey. O Lord, . . . thy thought are very deep. Ps. xcii. 5. 5. Of penetrating or far-reaching intellect; not superficial; thoroughly skilled; sagacious; cunning. Deep clerks she dumbs. Shak. 6. Profound; thorough; complete; unmixed; intense; heavy; heartfelt; as, deep distress; deep melancholy; deep horror. \"Deep despair.\" Milton. \"Deep silence.\" Milton. \"Deep sleep.\" Gen. ii. 21. \"Deeper darkness.\" Hoole. \"Their deep poverty.\" 2 Cor. viii. 2. An attitude of deep respect. Motley. 7. Strongly colored; dark; intense; not light or thin; as, deep blue or crimson. 8. Of low tone; full-toned; not high or sharp; grave; heavy. \"The deep thunder.\" Byron. The bass of heaven's deep organ. Milton. 9. Muddy; boggy; sandy; -- said of roads. Chaucer. The ways in that vale were very deep. Clarendon. A deep line of operations (Military), a long line. -- Deep mourning (Costume), mourning complete and strongly marked, the garments being not only all black, but also composed of lusterless materials and of such fashion as is identified with mourning garments.\n\nTo a great depth; with depth; far down; profoundly; deeply. Deep-versed in books, and shallow in himself. Milton. Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope. Note: Deep, in its usual adverbial senses, is often prefixed to an adjective; as, deep-chested, deep-cut, deep-seated, deep-toned, deep- voiced, \"deep-uddered kine.\"\n\n1. That which is deep, especially deep water, as the sea or ocean; an abyss; a great depth. Courage from the deeps of knowledge springs. Cowley. The hollow deep of hell resounded. Milton. Blue Neptune storms, the bellowing deeps resound. Pope. 2. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible; a moral or spiritual depth or abyss. Thy judgments are a great. Ps. xxxvi. 6. Deep of night, the most quiet or profound part of night; dead of night. The deep of night is crept upon our talk. Shak.", "deepen": "1. To make deep or deeper; to increase the depth of; to sink lower; as, to deepen a well or a channel. It would . . . deepen the bed of the Tiber. Addison. 2. To make darker or more intense; to darken; as, the event deepened the prevailing gloom. You must deepen your colors. Peacham. 3. To make more poignant or affecting; to increase in degree; as, to deepen grief or sorrow. 4. To make more grave or low in tone; as, to deepen the tones of an organ. Deepens the murmur of the falling floods. Pope.\n\nTo become deeper; as, the water deepens at every cast of the lead; the plot deepens. His blood-red tresses deepening in the sun. Byron.", "deepened": null, @@ -19684,7 +17264,6 @@ "deepness": "1. The state or quality of being deep, profound, mysterious, secretive, etc.; depth; profundity; -- opposed to shallowness. Because they had no deepness of earth. Matt. xiii. 5. 2. Craft; insidiousness. [R.] J. Gregory.", "deeps": "1. Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension (measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from high, which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth; as, a deep sea. The water where the brook is deep. Shak. 2. Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer part, mouth, etc.); as, a deep cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten seats deep; a company of soldiers six files deep. Shadowing squadrons deep. Milton. Safely in harbor Is the king's ship in the deep nook. Shak. 3. Low in situation; lying far below the general surface; as, a deep valley. 4. Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; -- opposed to shallow or superficial; intricate; mysterious; not obvious; obscure; as, a deep subject or plot. Speculations high or deep. Milton. A question deep almost as the mystery of life. De Quincey. O Lord, . . . thy thought are very deep. Ps. xcii. 5. 5. Of penetrating or far-reaching intellect; not superficial; thoroughly skilled; sagacious; cunning. Deep clerks she dumbs. Shak. 6. Profound; thorough; complete; unmixed; intense; heavy; heartfelt; as, deep distress; deep melancholy; deep horror. \"Deep despair.\" Milton. \"Deep silence.\" Milton. \"Deep sleep.\" Gen. ii. 21. \"Deeper darkness.\" Hoole. \"Their deep poverty.\" 2 Cor. viii. 2. An attitude of deep respect. Motley. 7. Strongly colored; dark; intense; not light or thin; as, deep blue or crimson. 8. Of low tone; full-toned; not high or sharp; grave; heavy. \"The deep thunder.\" Byron. The bass of heaven's deep organ. Milton. 9. Muddy; boggy; sandy; -- said of roads. Chaucer. The ways in that vale were very deep. Clarendon. A deep line of operations (Military), a long line. -- Deep mourning (Costume), mourning complete and strongly marked, the garments being not only all black, but also composed of lusterless materials and of such fashion as is identified with mourning garments.\n\nTo a great depth; with depth; far down; profoundly; deeply. Deep-versed in books, and shallow in himself. Milton. Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope. Note: Deep, in its usual adverbial senses, is often prefixed to an adjective; as, deep-chested, deep-cut, deep-seated, deep-toned, deep- voiced, \"deep-uddered kine.\"\n\n1. That which is deep, especially deep water, as the sea or ocean; an abyss; a great depth. Courage from the deeps of knowledge springs. Cowley. The hollow deep of hell resounded. Milton. Blue Neptune storms, the bellowing deeps resound. Pope. 2. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible; a moral or spiritual depth or abyss. Thy judgments are a great. Ps. xxxvi. 6. Deep of night, the most quiet or profound part of night; dead of night. The deep of night is crept upon our talk. Shak.", "deer": "1. Any animal; especially, a wild animal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Mice and rats, and such small deer. Shak. The camel, that great deer. Lindisfarne MS. 2. (Zoöl.) A ruminant of the genus Cervus, of many species, and of related genera of the family Cervidæ. The males, and in some species the females, have solid antlers, often much branched, which are shed annually. Their flesh, for which they are hunted, is called venison. Note: The deer hunted in England is Cervus elaphus, called also stag or red deer; the fallow deer is C. dama; the common American deer is C. Virginianus; the blacktailed deer of Western North America is C. Columbianus; and the mule deer of the same region is C. macrotis. See Axis, Fallow deer, Mule deer, Reindeer. Note: Deer is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, deerkiller, deerslayer, deerslaying, deer hunting, deer stealing, deerlike, etc. Deer mouse (Zoöl.), the white-footed mouse (Hesperomys leucopus) of America. -- Small deer, petty game, not worth pursuing; -- used metaphorically. (See citation from Shakespeare under the first definition, above.) \"Minor critics . . . can find leisure for the chase of such small deer.\" G. P. Marsh.", - "deere": null, "deerskin": "The skin of a deer, or the leather which is made from it. Hakluyt. Longfellow.", "deerstalker": "One who practices deerstalking.", "deerstalkers": "One who practices deerstalking.", @@ -19835,7 +17414,6 @@ "deflowered": null, "deflowering": null, "deflowers": "Same as Deflour. An earthquake . . . deflowering the gardens. W. Montagu. If a man had deflowered a virgin. Milton.", - "defoe": null, "defog": null, "defogged": null, "defogger": null, @@ -19909,7 +17487,6 @@ "degenerating": null, "degeneration": "1. The act or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse; decline; degradation; debasement; degeneracy; deterioration. Our degeneration and apostasy. Bates. 2. (Physiol.) That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure; as, fatty degeneration of the liver. 3. (Biol.) A gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of animals or plants or any particular or organs; hereditary degradation of type. 4. The thing degenerated. [R.] Cockle, aracus, . . . and other degenerations. Sir T. Browne. Amyloid degeneration, Caseous degeneration, etc. See under Amyloid, Caseous, etc.", "degenerative": "Undergoing or producing degeneration; tending to degenerate.", - "degeneres": null, "degradable": null, "degradation": "1. The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society; diminution; as, the degradation of a peer, a knight, a general, or a bishop. He saw many removes and degradations in all the other offices of which he had been possessed. Clarendon. 2. The state of being reduced in rank, character, or reputation; baseness; moral, physical, or intellectual degeneracy; disgrace; abasement; debasement. The . . . degradation of a needy man of letters. Macaulay. Deplorable is the degradation of our nature. South. Moments there frequently must be, when a sidegradation of his state. Blair. 3. Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy, or value; degeneration; deterioration. The development and degradation of the alphabetic forms can be traced. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). 4. (Geol.) A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by the action of water, fro 5. (Biol.) The state or condition of a species or group which exhibits degraded forms; degeneration. The degradation of the species man is observed in some of its varieties. Dana. 6. (Physiol.) Arrest of development, or degeneration of any organ, or of the body as a whole. Degradation of energy, or Dissipation of energy (Physics), the transformation of energy into some form in which it is less available for doing work. Syn. -- Abasement; debasement; reduction; decline.", "degrade": "1. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree; to lower in rank' to deprive of office or dignity; to strip of honors; as, to degrade a nobleman, or a general officer. Prynne was sentenced by the Star Chamber Court to be degraded from the bar. Palfrey. 2. To reduce in estimation, character, or reputation; to lessen the value of; to lower the physical, moral, or intellectual character of; to debase; to bring shame or contempt upon; to disgrace; as, vice degrades a man. O miserable mankind, to what fall Degraded, to what wretched state reserved! Milton. He pride . . . struggled hard against this degrading passion. Macaulay. 3. (Geol.) To reduce in altitude or magnitude, as hills and mountains; to wear down. Syn. -- To abase; demean; lower; reduce. See Abase.\n\nTo degenerate; to pass from a higher to a lower type of structure; as, a family of plants or animals degrades through this or that genus or group of genera.", @@ -19947,7 +17524,6 @@ "deicers": null, "deices": null, "deicing": null, - "deidre": null, "deification": "The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis; excessive praise.", "deified": "Honored or worshiped as a deity; treated with supreme regard; godlike.", "deifies": null, @@ -19957,8 +17533,6 @@ "deigned": null, "deigning": null, "deigns": "1. To esteem worthy; to consider worth notice; -- opposed to disdain. [Obs.] I fear my Julia would not deign my lines. Shak. 2. To condescend to give or bestow; to stoop to furnish; to vouchsafe; to allow; to grant. Nor would we deign him burial of his men. Shak.\n\nTo think worthy; to vouchsafe; to condescend; -- followed by an infinitive. O deign to visit our forsaken seats. Pope. Yet not Lord Cranstone deigned she greet. Sir W. Scott. Round turned he, as not deigning Those craven ranks to see. Macaulay. Note: In early English deign was often used impersonally. Him deyneth not to set his foot to ground. Chaucer.", - "deimos": null, - "deirdre": null, "deism": "The doctrine or creed of a deist; the belief or system of those who acknowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation. Note: Deism is the belief in natural religion only, or those truths, in doctrine and practice, which man is to discover by the light of reason, independent of any revelation from God. Hence, deism implies infidelity, or a disbelief in the divine origin of the Scriptures.", "deist": "One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed religion; a freethinker. Note: A deist, as denying a revelation, is opposed to a Christian; as, opposed to the denier of a God, whether atheist or patheist, a deist is generally denominated theist. Latham. Syn. -- See Infidel.", "deistic": "Pertaining to, savoring of, or consisting in, deism; as, a deistic writer; a deistical book. The deistical or antichristian scheme. I. Watts.", @@ -19971,24 +17545,12 @@ "dejecting": null, "dejection": "1. A casting down; depression. [Obs. or Archaic] Hallywell. 2. The act of humbling or abasing one's self. Adoration implies submission and dejection. Bp. Pearson. 3. Lowness of spirits occasioned by grief or misfortune; mental depression; melancholy. What besides, Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair, Our frailty can sustain, thy tidings bring. Milton. 4. A low condition; weakness; inability. [R.] A dejection of appetite. Arbuthnot. 5. (Physiol.) (a) The discharge of excrement. (b) Fæces; excrement. Ray.", "dejects": "1. To cast down. [Obs. or Archaic] Christ dejected himself even unto the hells. Udall. Sometimes she dejects her eyes in a seeming civility; and many mistake in her a cunning for a modest look. Fuller. 2. To cast down the spirits of; to dispirit; to discourage; to dishearten. Nor think, to die dejects my lofty mind. Pope.\n\nDejected. [Obs.]", - "dejesus": null, - "dekalb": null, - "del": "Share; portion; part. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "delacroix": null, - "delacruz": null, - "delaney": null, - "delano": null, - "delaware": "An American grape, with compact bunches of small, amber-colored berries, sweet and of a good flavor.", - "delawarean": null, - "delawareans": null, - "delawares": "A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the valley of the Delaware River, but now mostly located in the Indian Territory.", "delay": "A putting off or deferring; procrastination; lingering inactivity; stop; detention; hindrance. Without any delay, on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat. Acts xxv. 17. The government ought to be settled without the delay of a day. Macaulay.\n\n1. To put off; to defer; to procrastinate; to prolong the time of or before. My lord delayeth his coming. Matt. xxiv. 48. 2. To retard; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time; to retard the motion, or time of arrival, of; as, the mail is delayed by a heavy fall of snow. Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft delayed The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. Milton. 3. To allay; to temper. [Obs.] The watery showers delay the raging wind. Surrey.\n\nTo move slowly; to stop for a time; to linger; to tarry. There seem to be certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession of those ideas, . . . beyond which they can neither delay nor hasten. Locke.", "delayed": null, "delayer": "One who delays; one who lingers.", "delayers": "One who delays; one who lingers.", "delaying": null, "delays": "A putting off or deferring; procrastination; lingering inactivity; stop; detention; hindrance. Without any delay, on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat. Acts xxv. 17. The government ought to be settled without the delay of a day. Macaulay.\n\n1. To put off; to defer; to procrastinate; to prolong the time of or before. My lord delayeth his coming. Matt. xxiv. 48. 2. To retard; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time; to retard the motion, or time of arrival, of; as, the mail is delayed by a heavy fall of snow. Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft delayed The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. Milton. 3. To allay; to temper. [Obs.] The watery showers delay the raging wind. Surrey.\n\nTo move slowly; to stop for a time; to linger; to tarry. There seem to be certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession of those ideas, . . . beyond which they can neither delay nor hasten. Locke.", - "delbert": null, "delectable": "Highly pleasing; delightful. Delectable both to behold and taste. Milton. -- De*lec\"ta*ble*ness, n. -- De*lec\"ta*bly, adv.", "delectably": null, "delectation": "Great pleasure; delight.", @@ -19998,7 +17560,6 @@ "delegating": null, "delegation": "1. The act of delegating, or investing with authority to act for another; the appointment of a delegate or delegates. 2. One or more persons appointed or chosen, and commissioned to represent others, as in a convention, in Congress, etc.; the collective body of delegates; as, the delegation from Massachusetts; a deputation. 3. (Rom. Law) A kind of novation by which a debtor, to be liberated from his creditor, gives him a third person, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor, or to the person appointed by him. Pothier.", "delegations": "1. The act of delegating, or investing with authority to act for another; the appointment of a delegate or delegates. 2. One or more persons appointed or chosen, and commissioned to represent others, as in a convention, in Congress, etc.; the collective body of delegates; as, the delegation from Massachusetts; a deputation. 3. (Rom. Law) A kind of novation by which a debtor, to be liberated from his creditor, gives him a third person, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor, or to the person appointed by him. Pothier.", - "deleon": null, "delete": "To blot out; to erase; to expunge; to dele; to omit. I have, therefore, . . . inserted eleven stanzas which do not appear in Sir Walter Scott's version, and have deleted eight. Aytoun.", "deleted": null, "deleterious": "Hurtful; noxious; destructive; pernicious; as, a deleterious plant or quality; a deleterious example. -- Del`e*te\"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Del`e*te\"ri*ous*ness, n.", @@ -20012,10 +17573,7 @@ "deleveraging": null, "delft": "Same as Delftware.", "delftware": "(a) Pottery made at the city of Delft in Holland; hence: (b) Earthenware made in imitation of the above; any glazed earthenware made for table use, and the like.", - "delgado": null, - "delhi": null, "deli": null, - "delia": null, "deliberate": "1. Weighing facts and arguments with a view a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; circumspect; slow in determining; -- applied to persons; as, a deliberate judge or counselor. \"These deliberate fools.\" Shak. 2. Formed with deliberation; well-advised; carefully considered; not sudden or rash; as, a deliberate opinion; a deliberate measure or result. Settled visage and deliberate word. Shak. 3. Not hasty or sudden; slow. Hooker. His enunciation was so deliberate. W. Wirt.\n\nTo weigh in the mind; to consider the reasons for and against; to consider maturely; to reflect upon; to ponder; as, to deliberate a question.\n\nTo take counsel with one's self; to weigh the arguments for and against a proposed course of action; to reflect; to consider; to hesitate in deciding; -- sometimes with on, upon, concerning. The woman the deliberation is lost. Addison.", "deliberated": null, "deliberately": "With careful consideration, or deliberation; circumspectly; warily; not hastily or rashly; slowly; as, a purpose deliberately formed.", @@ -20025,7 +17583,6 @@ "deliberation": "1. The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection. Choosing the fairest way with a calm deliberation. W. Montagu. 2. Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure; as, the deliberations of a legislative body or council.", "deliberations": "1. The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection. Choosing the fairest way with a calm deliberation. W. Montagu. 2. Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure; as, the deliberations of a legislative body or council.", "deliberative": "Pertaining to deliberation; proceeding or acting by deliberation, or by discussion and examination; deliberating; as, a deliberative body. A consummate work of deliberative wisdom. Bancroft. The court of jurisdiction is to be distinguished from the deliberative body, the advisers of the crown. Hallam.\n\n1. A discourse in which a question is discussed, or weighed and examined. Bacon. 2. A kind of rhetoric employed in proving a thing and convincing others of its truth, in order to persuade them to adopt it.", - "delibes": null, "delicacies": null, "delicacy": "1. The state or condition of being delicate; agreeableness to the senses; delightfulness; as, delicacy of flavor, of odor, and the like. What choice to choose for delicacy best. Milton. 2. Nicety or fineness of form, texture, or constitution; softness; elegance; smoothness; tenderness; and hence, frailty or weakness; as, the delicacy of a fiber or a thread; delicacy of a hand or of the human form; delicacy of the skin; delicacy of frame. 3. Nice propriety of manners or conduct; susceptibility or tenderness of feeling; refinement; fastidiousness; and hence, in an exaggerated sense, effeminacy; as, great delicacy of behavior; delicacy in doing a kindness; delicacy of character that unfits for earnest action. You know your mother's delicacy in this point. Cowper. 4. Addiction to pleasure; luxury; daintiness; indulgence; luxurious or voluptuous treatment. And to those dainty limbs which Nature lent For gentle usage and soft delicacy Milton. 5. Nice and refined perception and discrimination; critical niceness; fastidious accuracy. That Augustan delicacy of taste which is the boast of the great public schools of England. Macaulay. 6. The state of being affected by slight causes; sensitiveness; as, the delicacy of a chemist's balance. 7. That which is alluring, delicate, or refined; a luxury or pleasure; something pleasant to the senses, especially to the sense of taste; a dainty; as, delicacies of the table. The merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies. Rev. xviii. 3. 8. Pleasure; gratification; delight. [Obs.] He Rome brent for his delicacie. Chaucer. Syn. -- See Dainty.", "delicate": "1. Addicted to pleasure; luxurious; voluptuous; alluring. [R.] Dives, for his delicate life, to the devil went. Piers Plowman. Haarlem is a very delicate town. Evelyn. 2. Pleasing to the senses; refinedly; hence, adapted to please a nice or cultivated taste; nice; fine; elegant; as, a delicate dish; delicate flavor. 3. Slight and shapely; lovely; graceful; as, \"a delicate creature.\" Shak. 4. Fine or slender; minute; not coarse; -- said of a thread, or the like; as, delicate cotton. 5. Slight or smooth; light and yielding; -- said of texture; as, delicate lace or silk. 6. Soft and fair; -- said of the skin or a surface; as, a delicate cheek; a delicate complexion. 7. Light, or softly tinted; -- said of a color; as; as, a delicate blue. 8. Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend; considerate; -- said of manners, conduct, or feelings; as, delicate behavior; delicate attentions; delicate thoughtfulness. 9. Tender; not able to endure hardship; feeble; frail; effeminate; -- said of constitution, health, etc.; as, a delicate child; delicate health. A delicate and tender prince. Shak. 10. Requiring careful handling; not to be rudely or hastily dealt with; nice; critical; as, a delicate subject or question. There are some things too delicate and too sacred to be handled rudely without injury to truth. F. W. Robertson. 11. Of exacting tastes and habits; dainty; fastidious. 12. Nicely discriminating or perceptive; refinedly critical; sensitive; exquisite; as, a delicate taste; a delicate ear for music. 13. Affected by slight causes; showing slight changes; as, a delicate thermometer.\n\n1. A choice dainty; a delicacy. [R.] With abstinence all delicates he sees. Dryden. 2. A delicate, luxurious, or effeminate person. All the vessels, then, which our delicates have, -- those I mean that would seem to be more fine in their houses than their neighbors, -- are only of the Corinth metal. Holland.", @@ -20043,8 +17600,6 @@ "delightfully": null, "delighting": "Giving delight; gladdening. -- De*light\"ing*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor.", "delights": "1. A high degree of gratification of mind; a high-wrought state of pleasurable feeling; lively pleasure; extreme satisfaction; joy. Sounds and sweet airs, that give delight and hurt not. Shak. A fool hath no delight in understanding. Prov. xviii. 2. 2. That which gives great pleasure or delight. Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight. Milton. 3. Licentious pleasure; lust. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo give delight to; to affect with great pleasure; to please highly; as, a beautiful landscape delights the eye; harmony delights the ear. Inventions to delight the taste. Shak. Delight our souls with talk of knightly deeds. Tennyson.\n\nTo have or take great delight or pleasure; to be greatly pleased or rejoiced; -- followed by an infinitive, or by in. Love delights in praises. Shak. I delight to do thy will, O my God. Ps. xl. 8.", - "delilah": "The mistress of Samson, who betrayed him (Judges xvi.); hence, a harlot; a temptress. Other Delilahs on a smaller scale Burns met with during his Dumfries sojourn. J. C. Shairp.", - "delilahs": "The mistress of Samson, who betrayed him (Judges xvi.); hence, a harlot; a temptress. Other Delilahs on a smaller scale Burns met with during his Dumfries sojourn. J. C. Shairp.", "deliminator": null, "delimit": "To fix the limits of; to demarcate; to bound.", "delimitation": "The act or process of fixing limits or boundaries; limitation. Gladstone.", @@ -20078,7 +17633,6 @@ "delirium": "1. (Med.) A state in which the thoughts, expressions, and actions are wild, irregular, and incoherent; mental aberration; a roving or wandering of the mind, -- usually dependent on a fever or some other disease, and so distinguished from mania, or madness. 2. Strong excitement; wild enthusiasm; madness. The popular delirium [of the French Revolution] at first caught his enthusiastic mind. W. Irving. The delirium of the preceding session (of Parliament). Motley. Delirium tremens (. Etym: [L., trembling delirium] (Med.), a violent delirium induced by the excessive and prolonged use of intoxicating liquors. -- Traumatic delirium (Med.), a variety of delirium following injury. Syn. -- Insanity; frenzy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; lunacy; fury. See Insanity.", "deliriums": "1. (Med.) A state in which the thoughts, expressions, and actions are wild, irregular, and incoherent; mental aberration; a roving or wandering of the mind, -- usually dependent on a fever or some other disease, and so distinguished from mania, or madness. 2. Strong excitement; wild enthusiasm; madness. The popular delirium [of the French Revolution] at first caught his enthusiastic mind. W. Irving. The delirium of the preceding session (of Parliament). Motley. Delirium tremens (. Etym: [L., trembling delirium] (Med.), a violent delirium induced by the excessive and prolonged use of intoxicating liquors. -- Traumatic delirium (Med.), a variety of delirium following injury. Syn. -- Insanity; frenzy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; lunacy; fury. See Insanity.", "delis": null, - "delius": null, "deliver": "1. To set free from restraint; to set at liberty; to release; to liberate, as from control; to give up; to free; to save; to rescue from evil actual or feared; -- often with from or out of; as, to deliver one from captivity, or from fear of death. He that taketh warning shall deliver his soul. Ezek. xxxiii. 5. Promise was that I Should Israel from Philistian yoke deliver. Milton. 2. To give or transfer; to yield possession or control of; to part with (to); to make over; to commit; to surrender; to resign; -- often with up or over, to or into. Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand. Gen. xl. 13. The constables have delivered her over. Shak. The exalted mind All sense of woe delivers to the wind. Pope. 3. To make over to the knowledge of another; to communicate; to utter; to speak; to impart. Till he these words to him deliver might. Spenser. Whereof the former delivers the precepts of the art, and the latter the perfection. Bacon. 4. To give forth in action or exercise; to discharge; as, to deliver a blow; to deliver a broadside, or a ball. Shaking his head and delivering some show of tears. Sidney. An uninstructed bowler . . . thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward. Sir W. Scott. 5. To free from, or disburden of, young; to relieve of a child in childbirth; to bring forth; -- often with of. She was delivered safe and soon. Gower. Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a few verses, and those poor ones. Peacham. 6. To discover; to show. [Poetic] I 'll deliver Myself your loyal servant. Shak. 7. To deliberate. [Obs.] Chaucer. 8. To admit; to allow to pass. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. -- To Deliver, Give Forth, Discharge, Liberate, Pronounce, Utter. Deliver denotes, literally, to set free. Hence the term is extensively applied to cases where a thing is made to pass from a confined state to one of greater freedom or openness. Hence it may, in certain connections, be used as synonymous with any or all of the above-mentioned words, as will be seen from the following examples: One who delivers a package gives it forth; one who delivers a cargo discharges it; one who delivers a captive liberates him; one who delivers a message or a discourse utters or pronounces it; when soldiers deliver their fire, they set it free or give it forth.\n\nFree; nimble; sprightly; active. [Obs.] Wonderly deliver and great of strength. Chaucer.", "deliverable": "Capable of being, or about to be, delivered; necessary to be delivered. Hale.", "deliverables": "Capable of being, or about to be, delivered; necessary to be delivered. Hale.", @@ -20093,26 +17647,15 @@ "deliveryman": null, "deliverymen": null, "dell": "1. A small, retired valley; a ravine. In dells and dales, concealed from human sight. Tickell. 2. A young woman; a wench. [Obs.] Sweet doxies and dells. B. Jonson.", - "della": null, "dells": "1. A small, retired valley; a ravine. In dells and dales, concealed from human sight. Tickell. 2. A young woman; a wench. [Obs.] Sweet doxies and dells. B. Jonson.", - "delmar": null, - "delmarva": null, - "delmer": null, - "delmonico": null, - "delores": null, - "deloris": null, "delouse": null, "deloused": null, "delouses": null, "delousing": null, - "delphi": null, - "delphic": "1. Of or relating to Delphi, or to the famous oracle of that place. 2. Ambiguous; mysterious. \"If he is silent or delphic.\" New York Times.", "delphinium": null, "delphiniums": null, - "delphinus": "1. (Zoöl.) A genus of Cetacea, including the dolphin. See Dolphin, 1. 2. (Astron.) The Dolphin, a constellation near the equator and east of Aquila.", "delta": "A tract of land shaped like the letter delta (as, the delta of the Ganges, of the Nile, or of the Mississippi.", "deltas": "A tract of land shaped like the letter delta (as, the delta of the Ganges, of the Nile, or of the Mississippi.", - "deltona": null, "delude": "1. To lead from truth or into error; to mislead the mind or judgment of to beguile; to impose on; to dupe; to make a fool of. To delude the nation by an airy phantom. Burke. 2. To frustrate or disappoint. It deludes thy search. Dryden. Syn. -- To mislead; deceive; beguile; cajole; cheat; dupe. See Deceive.", "deluded": null, "deludes": "1. To lead from truth or into error; to mislead the mind or judgment of to beguile; to impose on; to dupe; to make a fool of. To delude the nation by an airy phantom. Burke. 2. To frustrate or disappoint. It deludes thy search. Dryden. Syn. -- To mislead; deceive; beguile; cajole; cheat; dupe. See Deceive.", @@ -20133,7 +17676,6 @@ "delvers": "One who digs, as with a spade.", "delves": "1. To dig; to open (the ground) as with a spade. Delve of convenient depth your thrashing flooDryden. 2. To dig into; to penetrate; to trace out; to fathom. I can not delve him to the root. Shak.\n\nTo dig or labor with a spade, or as with a spade; to labor as a drudge. Delve may I not: I shame to beg. Wyclif (Luke xvi. 3).\n\nA place dug; a pit; a ditch; a den; a cave. Which to that shady delve him brought at last The very tigers from their delves Look out. Moore.", "delving": null, - "dem": null, "demagnetization": null, "demagnetize": "1. To deprive of magnetic properties. See Magnetize. If the bar be rapidly magnetized and demagnetized. A. Cyc. 2. To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize. -- De*mag`net*i*za\"tion, n. -- De*mag\"net*i`zer, n.", "demagnetized": null, @@ -20155,7 +17697,6 @@ "demarcating": null, "demarcation": "The act of marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit; separation; distinction. The speculative line of demarcation, where obedience ought to end and resistance must begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable. Burke.", "demarcations": "The act of marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit; separation; distinction. The speculative line of demarcation, where obedience ought to end and resistance must begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable. Burke.", - "demavend": null, "demean": "1. To manage; to conduct; to treat. [Our] clergy have with violence demeaned the matter. Milton. 2. To conduct; to behave; to comport; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun. They have demeaned themselves Like men born to renown by life or death. Shak. They answered . . . that they should demean themselves according to their instructions. Clarendon. 3. To debase; to lower; to degrade; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun. Her son would demean himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter. Thackeray. Note: This sense is probably due to a false etymology which regarded the word as connected with the adjective mean.\n\n1. Management; treatment. [Obs.] Vile demean and usage bad. Spenser. 2. Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor. [Obs.] With grave demean and solemn vanity. West.\n\n1. Demesne. [Obs.] 2. pl. Resources; means. [Obs.] You know How narrow our demeans are. Massinger.", "demeaned": null, "demeaning": null, @@ -20166,11 +17707,8 @@ "dementia": "Insanity; madness; esp. that form which consists in weakness or total loss of thought and reason; mental imbecility; idiocy.", "demerit": "1. That which one merits or deserves, either of good or ill; desert. [Obs.] By many benefits and demerits whereby they obliged their adherents, [they] acquired this reputation. Holland. 2. That which deserves blame; ill desert; a fault; a vice; misconduct; -- the opposite of Ant: merit. They see no merit or demerit in any man or any action. Burke. Secure, unless forfeited by any demerit or offense. Sir W. Temple. 3. The state of one who deserves ill.\n\n1. To deserve; -- said in reference to both praise and blame. [Obs.] If I have demerited any love or thanks. Udall. Executed as a traitor . . . as he well demerited. State Trials (1645). 2. To depreciate or cry down. [R.] Bp. Woolton.\n\nTo deserve praise or blame.", "demerits": "1. That which one merits or deserves, either of good or ill; desert. [Obs.] By many benefits and demerits whereby they obliged their adherents, [they] acquired this reputation. Holland. 2. That which deserves blame; ill desert; a fault; a vice; misconduct; -- the opposite of Ant: merit. They see no merit or demerit in any man or any action. Burke. Secure, unless forfeited by any demerit or offense. Sir W. Temple. 3. The state of one who deserves ill.\n\n1. To deserve; -- said in reference to both praise and blame. [Obs.] If I have demerited any love or thanks. Udall. Executed as a traitor . . . as he well demerited. State Trials (1645). 2. To depreciate or cry down. [R.] Bp. Woolton.\n\nTo deserve praise or blame.", - "demerol": null, "demesne": "A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house, and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use. [Written also demain.] Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill. Ancient demesne. (Eng. Law) See under Ancient.", "demesnes": "A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house, and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use. [Written also demain.] Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill. Ancient demesne. (Eng. Law) See under Ancient.", - "demeter": null, - "demetrius": null, "demigod": "A half god, or an inferior deity; a fabulous hero, the offspring of a deity and a mortal.", "demigoddess": "A female demigod.", "demigoddesses": null, @@ -20185,7 +17723,6 @@ "demimondaine": null, "demimondaines": null, "demimonde": "Persons of doubtful reputation; esp., women who are kept as mistresses, though not public prostitutes; demireps. Literary demimonde, writers of the lowest kind.", - "deming": null, "demise": "1. Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown or royal authority to a successor. 2. The decease of a royal or princely person; hence, also, the death of any illustrious person. After the demise of the Queen [of George II.], in 1737, they [drawing-rooms] were held but twice a week. P. Cunningham. 3. (Law) The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life or for years, most commonly the latter. Bouvier. Note: The demise of the crown is a transfer of the crown, royal authority, or kingdom, to a successor. Thus, when Edward IV. was driven from his throne for a few months by the house of Lancaster, this temporary transfer of his dignity was called a demise. Thus the natural death of a king or queen came to be denominated a demise, as by that event the crown is transferred to a successor. Blackstone. Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there are mutual leases made from one to another of the same land, or something out of it. Syn. -- Death; decease; departure. See Death.\n\n1. To transfer or transmit by succession or inheritance; to grant or bestow by will; to bequeath. \"Power to demise my lands.\" Swift. What honor Canst thou demise to any child of mine Shak. 2. To convey; to give. [R.] His soul is at his conception demised to him. Hammond. 3. (Law) To convey, as an estate, be lease; to lease.", "demised": null, "demises": "1. Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown or royal authority to a successor. 2. The decease of a royal or princely person; hence, also, the death of any illustrious person. After the demise of the Queen [of George II.], in 1737, they [drawing-rooms] were held but twice a week. P. Cunningham. 3. (Law) The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life or for years, most commonly the latter. Bouvier. Note: The demise of the crown is a transfer of the crown, royal authority, or kingdom, to a successor. Thus, when Edward IV. was driven from his throne for a few months by the house of Lancaster, this temporary transfer of his dignity was called a demise. Thus the natural death of a king or queen came to be denominated a demise, as by that event the crown is transferred to a successor. Blackstone. Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there are mutual leases made from one to another of the same land, or something out of it. Syn. -- Death; decease; departure. See Death.\n\n1. To transfer or transmit by succession or inheritance; to grant or bestow by will; to bequeath. \"Power to demise my lands.\" Swift. What honor Canst thou demise to any child of mine Shak. 2. To convey; to give. [R.] His soul is at his conception demised to him. Hammond. 3. (Law) To convey, as an estate, be lease; to lease.", @@ -20219,7 +17756,6 @@ "democratizes": "To render democratic.", "democratizing": null, "democrats": "1. One who is an adherent or advocate of democracy, or government by the people. Whatever they call him, what care I, Aristocrat, democrat, autocrat. Tennyson. 2. A member of the Democratic party. [U.S.]", - "democritus": null, "demode": null, "demodulate": null, "demodulated": null, @@ -20279,7 +17815,6 @@ "demoralizes": "To corrupt or undermine in morals; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt or untrustworthy in morals, in discipline, in courage, spirit, etc.; to weaken in spirit or efficiency. The demoralizing example of profligate power and prosperous crime. Walsh. The vices of the nobility had demoralized the army. Bancroft.", "demoralizing": null, "demos": null, - "demosthenes": null, "demote": "To reduce to a lower grade, as in school.", "demoted": null, "demotes": "To reduce to a lower grade, as in school.", @@ -20292,7 +17827,6 @@ "demotivates": null, "demotivating": null, "demount": "To dismount. [R.]", - "dempsey": null, "demulcent": "Softening; mollifying; soothing; assuasive; as, oil is demulcent.\n\nA substance, usually of a mucilaginous or oily nature, supposed to be capable of soothing an inflamed nervous membrane, or protecting i", "demulcents": "Softening; mollifying; soothing; assuasive; as, oil is demulcent.\n\nA substance, usually of a mucilaginous or oily nature, supposed to be capable of soothing an inflamed nervous membrane, or protecting i", "demur": "1. To linger; to stay; to tarry. [Obs.] Yet durst not demur nor abide upon the camp. Nicols. 2. To delay; to pause; to suspend proceedings or judgment in view of a doubt or difficulty; to hesitate; to put off the determination or conclusion of an affair. Upon this rub, the English embassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward. 3. To scruple or object; to take exception; as, I demur to that statement. 4. (Law) To interpose a demurrer. See Demurrer, 2.\n\n1. To suspend judgment concerning; to doubt of or hesitate about. [Obs.] The latter I demur, for in their looks Much reason, and in their actions, oft appears. Milton. 2. To cause delay to; to put off. [Obs.] He demands a fee, And then demurs me with a vain delay. Quarles.\n\nStop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding; suspense of decision or action; scruple. All my demurs but double his attacks; At last he whispers, \"Do; and we go snacks.\" Pope.", @@ -20314,8 +17848,6 @@ "demystify": null, "demystifying": null, "den": "1. A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; esp., a cave used by a wild beast for shelter or concealment; as, a lion's den; a den of robbers. 2. A squalid place of resort; a wretched dwelling place; a haunt; as, a den of vice. \"Those squalid dens, which are the reproach of great capitals.\" Addison. 3. Any snug or close retreat where one goes to be alone. [Colloq.] 4. Etym: [AS. denu.] A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell. [Old Eng. & Scotch] Shak.\n\nTo live in, or as in, a den. The sluggish salvages that den below. G. Fletcher.", - "dena": null, - "denali": null, "denationalization": "The or process of denationalizing.", "denationalize": "To divest or deprive of national character or rights. Bonaparte's decree denationalizes, as he calls it, all ships that have touched at a British port. Cobbett. An expatriated, denationalized race. G. Eliot.", "denationalized": null, @@ -20328,9 +17860,6 @@ "denaturing": null, "dendrite": "A stone or mineral on or in which are branching figures resembling shrubs or trees, produced by a foreign mineral, usually an oxide of manganese, as in the moss agate; also, a crystallized mineral having an arborescent form, e. g., gold or silver; an arborization.", "dendrites": "A stone or mineral on or in which are branching figures resembling shrubs or trees, produced by a foreign mineral, usually an oxide of manganese, as in the moss agate; also, a crystallized mineral having an arborescent form, e. g., gold or silver; an arborization.", - "deneb": null, - "denebola": null, - "deng": null, "dengue": "A specific epidemic disease attended with high fever, cutaneous eruption, and severe pains in the head and limbs, resembling those of rheumatism; -- called also breakbone fever. It occurs in India, Egypt, the West Indies, etc., is of short duration, and rarely fatal. Note: This disease, when it first appeared in the British West India Islands, was called the dandy fever, from the stiffness and constraint which it grave to the limbs and body. The Spaniards of the neighboring islands mistook the term for their word dengue, denoting prudery, which might also well express stiffness, and hence the term dengue became, as last, the name of the disease. Tully.", "deniability": null, "deniable": "Capable of being, or liable to be, denied.", @@ -20347,14 +17876,9 @@ "denigration": "1. The act of making black. Boyle. 2. Fig.: A blackening; defamation. The vigorous denigration of science. Morley.", "denim": "A coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc.", "denims": "A coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc.", - "denis": null, - "denise": null, "denitrification": "The act or process of freeing from nitrogen; also, the condition resulting from the removal of nitrogen.", "denizen": "1. A dweller; an inhabitant. \"Denizens of air.\" Pope. Denizens of their own free, independent state. Sir W. Scott. 2. One who is admitted by favor to all or a part of the rights of citizenship, where he did not possess them by birth; an adopted or naturalized citizen. 3. One admitted to residence in a foreign country. Ye gods, Natives, or denizens, of blest abodes. Dryden.\n\n1. To constitute (one) a denizen; to admit to residence, with certain rights and privileges. As soon as denizened, they domineer. Dryden. 2. To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants. There [islets] were at once denizened by various weeds. J. D. Hooker.", "denizens": "1. A dweller; an inhabitant. \"Denizens of air.\" Pope. Denizens of their own free, independent state. Sir W. Scott. 2. One who is admitted by favor to all or a part of the rights of citizenship, where he did not possess them by birth; an adopted or naturalized citizen. 3. One admitted to residence in a foreign country. Ye gods, Natives, or denizens, of blest abodes. Dryden.\n\n1. To constitute (one) a denizen; to admit to residence, with certain rights and privileges. As soon as denizened, they domineer. Dryden. 2. To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants. There [islets] were at once denizened by various weeds. J. D. Hooker.", - "denmark": null, - "dennis": null, - "denny": null, "denominate": "To give a name to; to characterize by an epithet; to entitle; to name; to designate. Passions commonly denominating selfish. Hume.\n\nHaving a specific name or denomination; specified in the concrete as opposed to abstract; thus, 7 feet is a denominate quantity, while 7 is mere abstract quantity or number. See Compound number, under Compound.", "denominated": null, "denominates": "To give a name to; to characterize by an epithet; to entitle; to name; to designate. Passions commonly denominating selfish. Hume.\n\nHaving a specific name or denomination; specified in the concrete as opposed to abstract; thus, 7 feet is a denominate quantity, while 7 is mere abstract quantity or number. See Compound number, under Compound.", @@ -20399,7 +17923,6 @@ "dentistry": "The art or profession of a dentist; dental surgery.", "dentists": "One whose business it is to clean, extract, or repair natural teeth, and to make and insert artificial ones; a dental surgeon.", "dentition": "1. The development and cutting of teeth; teething. 2. (Zoöl.) The system of teeth peculiar to an animal.", - "denton": null, "dents": "1. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.] \"That dent of thunder.\" Chaucer. 2. A slight depression, or small notch or hollow, made by a blow or by pressure; an indentation. A blow that would have made a dent in a pound of butter. De Quincey.\n\nTo make a dent upon; to indent. The houses dented with bullets. Macaulay.\n\nA tooth, as of a card, a gear wheel, etc. Knight.", "denture": "An artificial tooth, block, or set of teeth.", "dentures": "An artificial tooth, block, or set of teeth.", @@ -20414,7 +17937,6 @@ "denuding": null, "denunciation": "1. Proclamation; announcement; a publishing. [Obs.] Public . . . denunciation of banns before marriage. Bp. Hall. 2. The act of denouncing; public menace or accusation; the act of inveighing against, stigmatizing, or publicly arraigning; arraignment. 3. That by which anything is denounced; threat of evil; public menace or accusation; arraignment. Uttering bold denunciations of ecclesiastical error. Motley.", "denunciations": "1. Proclamation; announcement; a publishing. [Obs.] Public . . . denunciation of banns before marriage. Bp. Hall. 2. The act of denouncing; public menace or accusation; the act of inveighing against, stigmatizing, or publicly arraigning; arraignment. 3. That by which anything is denounced; threat of evil; public menace or accusation; arraignment. Uttering bold denunciations of ecclesiastical error. Motley.", - "denver": null, "deny": "1. To declare not to be true; to gainsay; to contradict; -- opposed to affirm, allow, or admit. Note: We deny what another says, or we deny the truth of an assertion, the force of it, or the assertion itself. 2. To refuse (to do something or to accept something); to reject; to decline; to renounce. [Obs.] \"If you deny to dance.\" Shak. 3. To refuse to grant; to withhold; to refuse to gratify or yield to; as, to deny a request. Who finds not Providence all good and wise, Alike in what it gives, and what denies Pope. To some men, it is more agreeable to deny a vicious inclination, than to gratify it. J. Edwards. 4. To disclaim connection with, responsibility for, and the like; to refuse to acknowledge; to disown; to abjure; to disavow. The falsehood of denying his opinion. Bancroft. Thou thrice denied, yet thrice beloved. Keble. To deny one's self, to decline the gratification of appetites or desires; to practice self-denial. Let him deny himself, and take up his cross. Matt. xvi. 24.\n\nTo answer in Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. 15.", "denying": null, "deodorant": "A deodorizer.", @@ -20426,7 +17948,6 @@ "deodorizers": "He who, or that which, deodorizes; esp., an agent that destroys offensive odors.", "deodorizes": "To deprive of odor, especially of such as results from impurities.", "deodorizing": null, - "deon": null, "depart": "1. To part; to divide; to separate. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To go forth or away; to quit, leave, or separate, as from a place or a person; to withdraw; -- opposed to arrive; -- often with from before the place, person, or thing left, and for or to before the destination. I will depart to mine own land. Num. x. 30. Ere thou from hence depart. Milton. He which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart. Shak. 3. To forsake; to abandon; to desist or deviate (from); not to adhere to; -- with from; as, we can not depart from our rules; to depart from a title or defense in legal pleading. If the plan of the convention be found to depart from republican principles. Madison. 4. To pass away; to perish. The glory is departed from Israel. 1 Sam. iv. 21. 5. To quit this world; to die. Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace. Luke ii. 29. To depart with, to resign; to part with. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To part thoroughly; to dispart; to divide; to separate. [Obs.] Till death departed them, this life they lead. Chaucer. 2. To divide in order to share; to apportion. [Obs.] And here is gold, and that full great plentee, That shall departed been among us three. Chaucer. 3. To leave; to depart from. \"He departed this life.\" Addison. \"Ere I depart his house.\" Shak.\n\n1. Division; separation, as of compound substances into their ingredients. [Obs.] The chymists have a liquor called water of depart. Bacon. 2. A going away; departure; hence, death. [Obs.] At my depart for France. Shak. Your loss and his depart. Shak.", "departed": null, "departing": null, @@ -20529,7 +18050,6 @@ "deposits": "1. To lay down; to place; to put; to let fall or throw down (as sediment); as, a crocodile deposits her eggs in the sand; the waters deposited a rich alluvium. The fear is deposited in conscience. Jer. Taylor. 2. To lay up or away for safekeeping; to put up; to store; as, to deposit goods in a warehouse. 3. To lodge in some one's hands for sale keeping; to commit to the custody of another; to intrust; esp., to place in a bank, as a sum of money subject to order. 4. To lay aside; to rid one's self of. [Obs.] If what is written prove useful to you, to the depositing that which i can not deem an error. Hammond. Note: Both this verb and the noun following written deposite.\n\n1. That is deposited, or laid or thrown down; as, a deposit in a flue; especially, matter precipitated from a solution (as the siliceous deposits of hot springs), or that which is mechanically deposited (as the mud, gravel, etc., deposits of a river). The deposit already formed affording to the succeeding portion of the charged fluid a basis. Kirwan. 2. (Mining) A natural occurrence of a useful mineral under the conditions to invite exploitation. Raymond. 3. That which is placed anywhere, or in any one's hands, for safe keeping; somthing intrusted to the care of another; esp., money lodged with a bank or banker, subject to order; anything given as pledge or security. 4. (Law) (a) A bailment of money or goods to be kept gratuitously for the bailor. (b) Money lodged with a party as earnest or security for the performance of a duty assumed by the person depositing. 5. A place of deposit; a depository. [R.] Bank of deposit. See under Bank. -- In deposit, or On deposit, in trust or safe keeping as a deposit; as, coins were recieved on deposit.", "depot": "1. A place of deposit storing of goods; a warehouse; a storehouse. The islands of Guernsey and Jersey are at present the great depots of this kingdom. Brit Critic (1794). 2. (Mil.) (a) A military station where stores and provisions are kept, or where recruits are assembled and drilled. (b) (Eng. & France) The headquarters of a regiment, where all supplies are recieved and distributed, recruits are assembled and instructed, infirm or disabled soldiers are taken care of, and all the wants of the regiment are provided for. 3. A railway station; a building for the accommodation and protection of railway passenges or freight. [U. S.] Syn. -- See Station.", "depots": "1. A place of deposit storing of goods; a warehouse; a storehouse. The islands of Guernsey and Jersey are at present the great depots of this kingdom. Brit Critic (1794). 2. (Mil.) (a) A military station where stores and provisions are kept, or where recruits are assembled and drilled. (b) (Eng. & France) The headquarters of a regiment, where all supplies are recieved and distributed, recruits are assembled and instructed, infirm or disabled soldiers are taken care of, and all the wants of the regiment are provided for. 3. A railway station; a building for the accommodation and protection of railway passenges or freight. [U. S.] Syn. -- See Station.", - "depp": null, "deprave": "1. To speak ill of; to depreciate; to malign; to revile. [Obs.] And thou knowest, conscience, I came not to chide Nor deprave thy person with a proud heart. Piers Plowman. 2. To make bad or worse; to vitiate; to corrupt. Whose pride depraves each other better part. Spenser. Syn. -- To corrupt; vitiate; contaminate; pollute.", "depraved": null, "depraves": "1. To speak ill of; to depreciate; to malign; to revile. [Obs.] And thou knowest, conscience, I came not to chide Nor deprave thy person with a proud heart. Piers Plowman. 2. To make bad or worse; to vitiate; to corrupt. Whose pride depraves each other better part. Spenser. Syn. -- To corrupt; vitiate; contaminate; pollute.", @@ -20616,11 +18136,9 @@ "deregulates": null, "deregulating": null, "deregulation": null, - "derek": null, "derelict": "1. Given up or forsaken by the natural owner or guardian; left and abandoned; as, derelict lands. The affections which these exposed or derelict children bear to their mothers, have no grounds of nature or assiduity but civility and opinion. Jer. Taylor. 2. Lost; adrift; hence, wanting; careless; neglectful; unfaithful. They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy. Burke. A government which is either unable or unwilling to redress such wrongs is derelict to its highest duties. J. Buchanan.\n\n(a) A thing voluntary abandoned or willfully cast away by its proper owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea. (b) A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.", "dereliction": "1. The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim or resume; an utter forsaking abandonment. Cession or dereliction, actual or tacit, of other powers. Burke. 2. A neglect or omission as if by willful abandonment. A total dereliction of military duties. Sir W. Scott. 3. The state of being left or abandoned. 4. (Law) A retiring of the sea, occasioning a change of high-water mark, whereby land is gained.", "derelicts": "1. Given up or forsaken by the natural owner or guardian; left and abandoned; as, derelict lands. The affections which these exposed or derelict children bear to their mothers, have no grounds of nature or assiduity but civility and opinion. Jer. Taylor. 2. Lost; adrift; hence, wanting; careless; neglectful; unfaithful. They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy. Burke. A government which is either unable or unwilling to redress such wrongs is derelict to its highest duties. J. Buchanan.\n\n(a) A thing voluntary abandoned or willfully cast away by its proper owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea. (b) A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.", - "derick": null, "deride": "To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at. And the Pharisees, also, . . . derided him. Luke xvi. 14. Sport that wrinkled Care derides. And Laughter holding both his sides. Milton. Syn. -- To mock; laugh at; ridicule; insult; taunt; jeer; banter; rally. -- To Deride, Ridicule, Mock, Taunt. A man may ridicule without any unkindness of feeling; his object may be to correct; as, to ridicule the follies of the age. He who derides is actuated by a severe a contemptuous spirit; as, to deride one for his religious principles. To mock is stronger, and denotes open and scornful derision; as, to mock at sin. To taunt is to reproach with the keenest insult; as, to taunt one for his misfortunes. Ridicule consists more in words than in actions; derision and mockery evince themselves in actions as well as words; taunts are always expressed in words of extreme bitterness.", "derided": null, "derides": "To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at. And the Pharisees, also, . . . derided him. Luke xvi. 14. Sport that wrinkled Care derides. And Laughter holding both his sides. Milton. Syn. -- To mock; laugh at; ridicule; insult; taunt; jeer; banter; rally. -- To Deride, Ridicule, Mock, Taunt. A man may ridicule without any unkindness of feeling; his object may be to correct; as, to ridicule the follies of the age. He who derides is actuated by a severe a contemptuous spirit; as, to deride one for his religious principles. To mock is stronger, and denotes open and scornful derision; as, to mock at sin. To taunt is to reproach with the keenest insult; as, to taunt one for his misfortunes. Ridicule consists more in words than in actions; derision and mockery evince themselves in actions as well as words; taunts are always expressed in words of extreme bitterness.", @@ -20646,7 +18164,6 @@ "dermatologists": "One who discourses on the skin and its diseases; one versed in dermatology.", "dermatology": "The science which treats of the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases.", "dermis": "The deep sensitive layer of the skin beneath the scarfskin or epidermis; -- called also true skin, derm, derma, corium, cutis, and enderon. See Skin, and Illust. in Appendix.", - "dermot": null, "derogate": "1. To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the action of; -- said of a law. By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated. Sir M. Hale. 2. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; -- said of a person or thing. [R.] Anything . . . that should derogate, minish, or hurt his glory and his name. Sir T. More.\n\n1. To take away; to detract; to withdraw; -- usually with from. If we did derogate from them whom their industry hath made great. Hooker. It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity. Burke. 2. To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to degenerate. [R.] You are a fool granted; therefore your issues, being foolish, do not derogate. Shak. Would Charles X. derogate from his ancestors Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line Hazlitt.\n\nDiminished in value; dishonored; degraded. [R.] Shak.", "derogated": null, "derogates": "1. To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the action of; -- said of a law. By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated. Sir M. Hale. 2. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; -- said of a person or thing. [R.] Anything . . . that should derogate, minish, or hurt his glory and his name. Sir T. More.\n\n1. To take away; to detract; to withdraw; -- usually with from. If we did derogate from them whom their industry hath made great. Hooker. It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity. Burke. 2. To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to degenerate. [R.] You are a fool granted; therefore your issues, being foolish, do not derogate. Shak. Would Charles X. derogate from his ancestors Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line Hazlitt.\n\nDiminished in value; dishonored; degraded. [R.] Shak.", @@ -20656,7 +18173,6 @@ "derogatory": "Tending to derogate, or lessen in value; expressing derogation; detracting; injurious; -- with from to, or unto. Acts of Parliament derogatory from the power of subsequent Parliaments bind not. Blackstone. His language was severely censured by some of his brother peers as derogatory to their other. Macaulay. Derogatory clause in a testament (Law), a sentence of secret character inserted by the testator alone, of which he reserves the knowledge to himself, with a condition that no will he may make thereafter shall be valid, unless this clause is inserted word for word; -- a precaution to guard against later wills extorted by violence, or obtained by suggestion.", "derrick": "A mast, spar, or tall frame, supported at the top by stays or guys, with suitable tackle for hoisting heavy weights, as stones in building. Derrick crane, a combination of the derrick and the crane, having facility for hoisting and also for swinging the load horizontally.", "derricks": "A mast, spar, or tall frame, supported at the top by stays or guys, with suitable tackle for hoisting heavy weights, as stones in building. Derrick crane, a combination of the derrick and the crane, having facility for hoisting and also for swinging the load horizontally.", - "derrida": null, "derriere": null, "derrieres": null, "derringer": "A kind of short-barreled pocket pistol, of very large caliber, often carrying a half-ounce ball.", @@ -20686,7 +18202,6 @@ "descanted": null, "descanting": null, "descants": "1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, a double song; a melody or counterpoint sung above the plain song of the tenor; a variation of an air; a variation by ornament of the main subject or plain song. (b) The upper voice in part music. (c) The canto, cantus, or soprano voice; the treble. Grove. Twenty doctors expound one text twenty ways, as children make descant upon plain song. Tyndale. She [the nightingale] all night long her amorous descant sung. Milton. Note: The term has also been used synonymously with counterpoint, or polyphony, which developed out of the French déchant, of the 12th century. 2. A discourse formed on its theme, like variations on a musical air; a comment or comments. Upon that simplest of themes how magnificent a descant! De Quincey.\n\n1. To sing a variation or accomplishment. 2. To comment freely; to discourse with fullness and particularity; to discourse at large. A virtuous man should be pleased to find people descanting on his actions. Addison.", - "descartes": null, "descend": "1. To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, as by falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to plunge; to fall; to incline downward; -- the opposite of ascend. The rain descended, and the floods came. Matt. vii. 25. We will here descend to matters of later date. Fuller. 2. To enter mentally; to retire. [Poetic] [He] with holiest meditations fed, Into himself descended. Milton. 3. To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to come suddenly and with violence; -- with on or upon. And on the suitors let thy wrath descend. Pope. 4. To come down to a lower, less fortunate, humbler, less virtuous, or worse, state or station; to lower or abase one's self; as, he descended from his high estate. 5. To pass from the more general or important to the particular or less important matters to be considered. 6. To come down, as from a source, original, or stock; to be derived; to proceed by generation or by transmission; to fall or pass by inheritance; as, the beggar may descend from a prince; a crown descends to the heir. 7. (Anat.) To move toward the south, or to the southward. 8. (Mus.) To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.\n\nTo go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part of; as, they descended the river in boats; to descend a ladder. But never tears his cheek descended. Byron.", "descendant": "Descendent.\n\nOne who descends, as offspring, however remotely; -- correlative to ancestor or ascendant. Our first parents and their descendants. Hale. The descendant of so many kings and emperors. Burke.", "descendants": "Descendent.\n\nOne who descends, as offspring, however remotely; -- correlative to ancestor or ascendant. Our first parents and their descendants. Hale. The descendant of so many kings and emperors. Burke.", @@ -20714,7 +18229,6 @@ "descriptors": null, "descry": "1. To spy out or discover by the eye, as objects distant or obscure; to espy; to recognize; to discern; to discover. And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. Judg. i. 23. Edmund, I think, is gone . . . to descry The strength o' the enemy. Shak. And now their way to earth they had descried. Milton. 2. To discover; to disclose; to reveal. [R.] His purple robe he had thrown aside, lest it should descry him. Milton. Syn. -- To see; behold; espy; discover; discern.\n\n, Discovery or view, as of an army seen at a distance. [Obs.] Near, and on speedy foot; the main descry Stands on the hourly thought. Shak.", "descrying": null, - "desdemona": null, "desecrate": "To divest of a sacred character or office; to divert from a sacred purpose; to violate the sanctity of; to profane; to put to an unworthy use; -- the opposite of consecrate. The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punishment without being previously desecrated. W. Tooke. The founders of monasteries imprecated evil on those who should desecrate their donations. Salmon.", "desecrated": null, "desecrates": "To divest of a sacred character or office; to divert from a sacred purpose; to violate the sanctity of; to profane; to put to an unworthy use; -- the opposite of consecrate. The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punishment without being previously desecrated. W. Tooke. The founders of monasteries imprecated evil on those who should desecrate their donations. Salmon.", @@ -20778,7 +18292,6 @@ "desirably": "In a desirable manner.", "desire": "1. To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet. Neither shall any man desire thy land. Ex. xxxiv. 24. Ye desire your child to live. Tennyson. 2. To express a wish for; to entreat; to request. Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord 2 Kings iv. 28. Desire him to go in; trouble him no more. Shak. 3. To require; to demand; to claim. [Obs.] A doleful case desires a doleful song. Spenser. 4. To miss; to regret. [Obs.] She shall be pleasant while she lives, and desired when she dies. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To long for; hanker after; covet; wish; ask; request; solicit; entreat; beg. -- To Desire, Wish. In desire the feeling is usually more eager than in wish. \"I wish you to do this\" is a milder form of command than \"I desire you to do this,\" though the feeling prompting the injunction may be the usage C. J. Smith.\n\n1. The natural longing that is excited by the enjoyment or the thought of any good, and impels to action or effort its continuance or possession; an eager wish to obtain or enjoy. Unspeakable desire to see and know. Milton. 2. An expressed wish; a request; petition. And slowly was my mother brought To yield consent to my desire. Tennyson. 3. Anything which is desired; an object of longing. The Desire of all nations shall come. Hag. ii. 7. 4. Excessive or morbid longing; lust; appetite. 5. Grief; regret. [Obs.] Chapman. Syn. -- Wish; appetency; craving; inclination; eagerness; aspiration; longing.", "desired": null, - "desiree": null, "desires": "1. To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet. Neither shall any man desire thy land. Ex. xxxiv. 24. Ye desire your child to live. Tennyson. 2. To express a wish for; to entreat; to request. Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord 2 Kings iv. 28. Desire him to go in; trouble him no more. Shak. 3. To require; to demand; to claim. [Obs.] A doleful case desires a doleful song. Spenser. 4. To miss; to regret. [Obs.] She shall be pleasant while she lives, and desired when she dies. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To long for; hanker after; covet; wish; ask; request; solicit; entreat; beg. -- To Desire, Wish. In desire the feeling is usually more eager than in wish. \"I wish you to do this\" is a milder form of command than \"I desire you to do this,\" though the feeling prompting the injunction may be the usage C. J. Smith.\n\n1. The natural longing that is excited by the enjoyment or the thought of any good, and impels to action or effort its continuance or possession; an eager wish to obtain or enjoy. Unspeakable desire to see and know. Milton. 2. An expressed wish; a request; petition. And slowly was my mother brought To yield consent to my desire. Tennyson. 3. Anything which is desired; an object of longing. The Desire of all nations shall come. Hag. ii. 7. 4. Excessive or morbid longing; lust; appetite. 5. Grief; regret. [Obs.] Chapman. Syn. -- Wish; appetency; craving; inclination; eagerness; aspiration; longing.", "desiring": null, "desirous": "Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; solicitous; eager to obtain; covetous. Jesus knew that they were desirous to ask him. John xvi. 19. Be not desirous of his dainties. Prov. xxiii. 3.", @@ -20794,7 +18307,6 @@ "desks": "1. A table, frame, or case, usually with sloping top, but often with flat top, for the use writers and readers. It often has a drawer or repository underneath. 2. A reading table or lectern to support the book from which the liturgical service is read, differing from the pulpit from which the sermon is preached; also (esp. in the United States), a pulpit. Hence, used symbolically for \"the clerical profession.\"\n\nTo shut up, as in a desk; to treasure.", "desktop": null, "desktops": null, - "desmond": null, "desolate": "1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; deserted; uninhabited; hence, gloomy; as, a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness; a desolate house. I will make Jerusalem . . . a den of dragons, and I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant. Jer. ix. 11. And the silvery marish flowers that throng The desolate creeks and pools among. Tennyson. 2. Laid waste; in a ruinous condition; neglected; destroyed; as, desolate altars. 3. Left alone; forsaken; lonely; comfortless. Have mercy upon, for I am desolate. Ps. xxv. 16. Voice of the poor and desolate. Keble. 4. Lost to shame; dissolute. [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Destitute of; lacking in. [Obs.] I were right now of tales desolate. Chaucer. Syn. -- Desert; uninhabited; lonely; waste.\n\n1. To make desolate; to leave alone; to deprive of inhabitants; as, the earth was nearly desolated by the flood. 2. To lay waste; to ruin; to ravage; as, a fire desolates a city. Constructed in the very heart of a desolating war. Sparks.", "desolated": null, "desolately": "In a desolate manner.", @@ -20985,18 +18497,15 @@ "detrimentally": null, "detriments": "1. That which injures or causes damage; mischief; harm; diminution; loss; damage; -- used very generically; as, detriments to property, religion, morals, etc. I can repair That detriment, if such it be. Milton. 2. A charge made to students and barristers for incidental repairs of the rooms they occupy. [Eng.] Syn. -- Injury; loss; damage; disadvantage; prejudice; hurt; mischief; harm.\n\nTo do injury to; to hurt. [Archaic] Other might be determined thereby. Fuller.", "detritus": "1. (Geol.) A mass of substances worn off from solid bodies by attrition, and reduced to small portions; as, diluvial detritus. Note: For large portions, the word débris is used. 2. Hence: Any fragments separated from the body to which they belonged; any product of disintegration. The mass of detritus of which modern languages are composed. Farrar.", - "detroit": null, "deuce": "1. (Gaming) Two; a card or a die with two spots; as, the deuce of hearts. 2. (Tennis) A condition of the score beginning whendeuce, which decides the game.\n\nThe devil; a demon. [A euphemism, written also deuse.] [Low]", "deuces": "1. (Gaming) Two; a card or a die with two spots; as, the deuce of hearts. 2. (Tennis) A condition of the score beginning whendeuce, which decides the game.\n\nThe devil; a demon. [A euphemism, written also deuse.] [Low]", "deuterium": null, - "deuteronomy": "The fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing the second giving of the law by Moses.", "devaluation": null, "devaluations": null, "devalue": null, "devalued": null, "devalues": null, "devaluing": null, - "devanagari": "The character in which Sanskrit is written.", "devastate": "To lay waste; to ravage; to desolate. Whole countries . . . were devastated. Macaulay. Syn. -- To waste; ravage; desolate; destroy; demolish; plunder; pillage.", "devastated": null, "devastates": "To lay waste; to ravage; to desolate. Whole countries . . . were devastated. Macaulay. Syn. -- To waste; ravage; desolate; destroy; demolish; plunder; pillage.", @@ -21015,7 +18524,6 @@ "developmentally": null, "developments": "1. The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown; a gradual unfolding process by which anything is developed, as a plan or method, or an image upon a photographic plate; gradual advancement or growth through a series of progressive changes; also, the result of developing, or a developed state. A new development of imagination, taste, and poetry. Channing. 2. (Biol.) The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization. 3. (Math.) (a) The act or process of changing or expanding an expression into another of equivalent value or meaning. (b) The equivalent expression into which another has been developed. 4. (mus.) The elaboration of a theme or subject; the unfolding of a musical idea; the evolution of a whole piece or movement from a leading theme or motive. Development theory (Biol.), the doctrine that animals and plants possess the power of passing by slow and successive stages from a lower to a higher state of organization, and that all the higher forms of life now in existence were thus developed by uniform laws from lower forms, and are not the result of special creative acts. See the Note under Darwinian. Syn. -- Unfolding; disclosure; unraveling; evolution; elaboration; growth.", "develops": "1. To free from that which infolds or envelops; to unfold; to lay open by degrees or in detail; to make visible or known; to disclose; to produce or give forth; as, to develop theories; a motor that develops 100 horse power. These serve to develop its tenets. Milner. The 20th was spent in strengthening our position and developing the line of the enemy. The Century. 2. To unfold gradually, as a flower from a bud; hence, to bring through a succession of states or stages, each of which is preparatory to the next; to form or expand by a process of growth; to cause to change gradually from an embryo, or a lower state, to a higher state or form of being; as, sunshine and rain develop the bud into a flower; to develop the mind. The sound developed itself into a real compound. J. Peile. All insects . . . acquire the jointed legs before the wings are fully developed. Owen. 3. To advance; to further; to prefect; to make to increase; to promote the growth of. We must develop our own resources to the utmost. Jowett (Thucyd). 4. (Math.) To change the form of, as of an algebraic expression, by executing certain indicated operations without changing the value. 5. (Photog.) To cause to become visible, as an invisible or latent image upon plate, by submitting it to chemical agents; to bring to view. To develop a curved surface on a place (Geom.), to produce on the plane an equivalent surface, as if by rolling the curved surface so that all parts shall successively touch the plane. Syn. -- To uncover; unfold; evolve; promote; project; lay open; disclose; exhibit; unravel; disentangle.\n\n1. To go through a process of natural evolution or growth, by successive changes from a less perfect to a more perfect or more highly organized state; to advance from a simpler form of existence to one more complex either in structure or function; as, a blossom develops from a bud; the seed develops into a plant; the embryo develops into a well-formed animal; the mind develops year by year. Nor poets enough to understand That life develops from within. Mrs. Browning. 2. To become apparent gradually; as, a picture on sensitive paper develops on the application of heat; the plans of the conspirators develop.", - "devi": "; fem. of Deva. A goddess.", "deviance": null, "deviancy": null, "deviant": "Deviating. [Obs.]", @@ -21040,7 +18548,6 @@ "devils": "1. The Evil One; Satan, represented as the tempter and spiritual of mankind. [Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil. Luke iv. 2. That old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world. Rev. xii. 9. 2. An evil spirit; a demon. A dumb man possessed with a devil. Matt. ix. 32. 3. A very wicked person; hence, any great evil. \"That devil Glendower.\" \"The devil drunkenness.\" Shak. Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil John vi. 70. 4. An expletive of surprise, vexation, or emphasis, or, ironically, of negation. [Low] The devil a puritan that he is, . . . but a timepleaser. Shak. The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare, But wonder how the devil they got there. Pope. 5. (Cookery) A dish, as a bone with the meat, broiled and excessively peppered; a grill with Cayenne pepper. Men and women busy in baking, broiling, roasting oysters, and preparing devils on the gridiron. Sir W. Scott. 6. (Manuf.) A machine for tearing or cutting rags, cotton, etc. Blue devils. See under Blue. -- Cartesian devil. See under Cartesian. -- Devil bird (Zoöl.), one of two or more South African drongo shrikes (Edolius retifer, and E. remifer), believed by the natives to be connected with sorcery. -- Devil may care, reckless, defiant of authority; -- used adjectively. Longfellow. -- Devil's apron (Bot.), the large kelp (Laminaria saccharina, and L. longicruris) of the Atlantic ocean, having a blackish, leathery expansion, shaped somewhat like an apron. -- Devil's coachhorse. (Zoöl.) (a) The black rove beetle (Ocypus olens). [Eng.] (b) A large, predacious, hemipterous insect (Prionotus cristatus); the wheel bug. [U.S.] -- Devil's darning-needle. (Zoöl.) See under Darn, v. t. -- Devil's fingers, Devil's hand (Zoöl.), the common British starfish (Asterias rubens); -- also applied to a sponge with stout branches. [Prov. Eng., Irish & Scot.] -- Devil's riding-horse (Zoöl.), the American mantis (Mantis Carolina). -- The Devil's tattoo, a drumming with the fingers or feet. \"Jack played the Devil's tattoo on the door with his boot heels.\" F. Hardman (Blackw. Mag.). -- Devil worship, worship of the power of evil; -- still practiced by barbarians who believe that the good and evil forces of nature are of equal power. -- Printer's devil, the youngest apprentice in a printing office, who runs on errands, does dirty work (as washing the ink rollers and sweeping), etc. \"Without fearing the printer's devil or the sheriff's officer.\" Macaulay. -- Tasmanian devil (Zoöl.), a very savage carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania (Dasyurus, or Diabolus, ursinus). -- To play devil with, to molest extremely; to ruin. [Low]\n\n1. To make like a devil; to invest with the character of a devil. 2. To grill with Cayenne pepper; to season highly in cooking, as with pepper. A deviled leg of turkey. W. Irving. deviled egg a hard-boiled egg, sliced into halves and with the yolk removed and replaced with a paste, usually made from the yolk and mayonnaise, seasoned with salt and/or spices such as paprika.", "deviltries": null, "deviltry": "Diabolical conduct; malignant mischief; devilry. C. Reade.", - "devin": null, "devious": "1. Out of a straight line; winding; varying from directness; as, a devious path or way. 2. Going out of the right or common course; going astray; erring; wandering; as, a devious step. Syn. -- Wandering; roving; rambling; vagrant. -- De\"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- De\"vi*ous*ness, n.", "deviously": null, "deviousness": null, @@ -21058,8 +18565,6 @@ "devolved": null, "devolves": "1. To roll onward or downward; to pass on. Every headlong stream Devolves its winding waters to the main. Akenside. Devolved his rounded periods. Tennyson. 2. To transfer from one person to another; to deliver over; to hand down; -- generally with upon, sometimes with to or into. They devolved a considerable share of their power upon their favorite. Burke. They devolved their whole authority into the hands of the council of sixty. Addison.\n\nTo pass by transmission or succession; to be handed over or down; -- generally with on or upon, sometimes with to or into; as, after the general fell, the command devolved upon (or on) the next officer in rank. His estate . . . devolved to Lord Somerville. Johnson.", "devolving": null, - "devon": "One of a breed of hardy cattle originating in the country of Devon, England. Those of pure blood have a deep red color. The small, longhorned variety, called North Devons, is distinguished by the superiority of its working oxen.", - "devonian": "Of or pertaining to Devon or Devonshire in England; as, the Devonian rocks, period, or system. Devonian age (Geol.), the age next older than the Carboniferous and later than the Silurian; -- called also the Age of fishes. The various strata of this age compose the Devonian formation or system, and include the old red sandstone of Great Britain. They contain, besides plants and numerous invertebrates, the bony portions of many large and remarkable fishes of extinct groups. See the Diagram under Geology.\n\nThe Devonian age or formation.", "devote": "1. To appropriate by vow; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act; to consecrate; also, to consign over; to doom; to evil; to devote one to destruction; the city was devoted to the flames. No devoted thing that a man shall devote unto the Lord . . . shall be sold or redeemed. Lev. xxvii. 28. 2. To execrate; to curse. [Obs.] 3. To give up wholly; to addict; to direct the attention of wholly or compound; to attach; -- often with a reflexive pronoun; as, to devote one's self to science, to one's friends, to piety, etc. Thy servant who is devoted to thy fear. Ps. cxix. 38. They devoted themselves unto all wickedness. Grew. A leafless and simple branch . . . devoted to the purpose of climbing. Gray. Syn. -- To addict; apply; dedicate; consecrate; resign; destine; doom; consign. See Addict.\n\nDevoted; addicted; devout. [Obs.] Milton.\n\nA devotee. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.", "devoted": "Consecrated to a purpose; strongly attached; zealous; devout; as, a devoted admirer. -- De*vot\"ed*ly, adv. -- De*vot\"ed*ness, n.", "devotedly": null, @@ -21081,39 +18586,28 @@ "devoutly": "1. In a devout and reverent manner; with devout emotions; piously. Cast her fair eyes to heaven and prayed devoutly. Shak. 2. Sincerely; solemnly; earnestly. 'T is a consummation Devoutly to be wished. Shak.", "devoutness": "Quality or state of being devout.", "dew": "1. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed by cool bodies upon their surfaces, particularly at night. Her tears fell with the dews at even. Tennyson. 2. Figuratively, anything which falls lightly and in a refreshing manner. \"The golden dew of sleep.\" Shak. 3. An emblem of morning, or fresh vigor. \"The dew of his youth.\" Longfellow. Note: Dew is used in combination; as, dew-bespangled, dew-drenched, dewdrop, etc.\n\nTo wet with dew or as with dew; to bedew; to moisten; as with dew. The grasses grew A little ranker since they dewed them so. A. B. Saxton.\n\nSame as Due, or Duty. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "dewar": null, - "dewayne": null, "dewberries": null, "dewberry": "(a) The fruit of certain species of bramble (Rubus); in England, the fruit of R. cæsius, which has a glaucous bloom; in America, that of R. canadensis and R. hispidus, species of low blackberries. (b) The plant which bears the fruit. Feed him with apricots and dewberries. Shak.", "dewclaw": "In any animal, esp. of the Herbivora, a rudimentary claw or small hoof not reaching the ground. Some cut off the dewclaws [of greyhounds]. J. H. Walsh.", "dewclaws": "In any animal, esp. of the Herbivora, a rudimentary claw or small hoof not reaching the ground. Some cut off the dewclaws [of greyhounds]. J. H. Walsh.", "dewdrop": "A drop of dew. Shak.", "dewdrops": "A drop of dew. Shak.", - "dewey": null, "dewier": null, "dewiest": null, "dewiness": "State of being dewy.", - "dewitt": null, "dewlap": "1. The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks the dew in grazing. 2. The flesh upon the human throat, especially when with age. [Burlesque] On her withered dewlap pour the ale. Shak.", "dewlaps": "1. The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks the dew in grazing. 2. The flesh upon the human throat, especially when with age. [Burlesque] On her withered dewlap pour the ale. Shak.", "dewy": "1. Pertaining to dew; resembling, consisting of, or moist with, dew. A dewy mist Went and watered all the ground. Milton. When dewy eve her curtain draws. Keble. 2. Falling gently and beneficently, like the dew. Dewy sleep ambrosial. Cowper. 3. (Bot.) Resembling a dew-covered surface; appearing as if covered with dew.", - "dexedrine": null, - "dexter": "1. Pertaining to, or situated on, the right hand; right, as opposed to sinister, or left. On sounding wings a dexter eagle flew. Pope. 2. (Her.) On the right-hand side of a shield, i. e., towards the right hand of its wearer. To a spectator in front, as in a pictorial representation, this would be the left side. Dexter chief, or Dexter point (Her.), a point in the dexter upper corner of the shield, being in the dexter extremity of the chief, as A in the cut. -- Dexter base, a point in the dexter lower part or base of the shield, as B in the cut.", "dexterity": "1. Right-handedness. 2. Readiness and grace in physical activity; skill and ease in using the hands; expertness in manual acts; as, dexterity with the chisel. In youth quick bearing and dexterity. Shak. 3. Readiness in the use or control of the mental powers; quickness and skill in managing any complicated or difficult affair; adroitness. His wisdom . . . was turned . . . into a dexterity to deliver himself. Bacon. He had conducted his own defense with singular boldness and dexterity. Hallam. Syn. -- Adroitness; activity; nimbleness; expertness; skill; cleverness; art; ability; address; tact; facility; aptness; aptitude; faculty. See Skill.", "dexterous": "1. Ready and expert in the use of the body and limbs; skillful and active with the hands; handy; ready; as, a dexterous hand; a dexterous workman. 2. Skillful in contrivance; quick at inventing expedients; expert; as, a dexterous manager. Dexterous the craving, fawning crowd to quit. Pope. 3. Done with dexterity; skillful; artful; as, dexterous management. \"Dexterous sleights of hand.\" Trench. Syn. -- Adroit; active; expert; skillful; clever; able; ready; apt; handy; versed.", "dexterously": "In a dexterous manner; skillfully.", "dexterousness": "The quality of being dexterous; dexterity.", "dextrose": "A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, C6H12O6 (so called from turning the plane of polarization to the right), occurring in many ripe fruits. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence called invert sugar. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids on starch, and hence called also starch sugar. It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice. Note: The solid products are known to the trade as grape sugar; the sirupy products as glucose, or mixing sirup. These are harmless, but are only about half as sweet as cane or sucrose.", - "dh": null, - "dhaka": null, "dharma": null, - "dhaulagiri": null, "dhoti": null, "dhotis": null, "dhow": "A coasting vessel of Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian Ocean. It has generally but one mast and a lateen sail. [Also written dow.]", "dhows": "A coasting vessel of Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian Ocean. It has generally but one mast and a lateen sail. [Also written dow.]", - "dhs": null, - "di": null, "diabetes": "A disease which is attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of urine. Most frequently the urine is not only increased in quantity, but contains saccharine matter, in which case the disease is generally fatal. Diabetes mellitus Etym: [NL., sweet diabetes], that form of diabetes in which the urine contains saccharine matter. -- Diabetes insipidus Etym: [NL., lit., diabetes], the form of diabetes in which the urine contains no abnormal constituent.", "diabetic": "Pertaining to diabetes; as, diabetic or diabetical treatment. Quian. Diabetic sugar. (Chem.) Same as Dextrose.", "diabetics": "Pertaining to diabetes; as, diabetic or diabetical treatment. Quian. Diabetic sugar. (Chem.) Same as Dextrose.", @@ -21127,7 +18621,6 @@ "diadems": "1. Originally, an ornamental head band or fillet, worn by Eastern monarchs as a badge of royalty; hence (later), also, a crown, in general. \"The regal diadem.\" Milton. 2. Regal power; sovereignty; empire; -- considered as symbolized by the crown. 3. (Her.) An arch rising from the rim of a crown (rarely also of a coronet), and uniting with others over its center. Diadem lemur. (Zoöl.) See Indri. -- Diadem spider (Zoöl.), the garden spider.\n\nTo adorn with a diadem; to crown. Not so, when diadem'd with rays divine. Pope. To terminate the evil, To diadem the right. R. H. Neale.", "diaereses": null, "diaeresis": "1. (Gram.) The separation or resolution of one syllable into two; -- the opposite of synæresis. 2. A mark consisting of two dots [..], placed over the second of two adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters; as, coöperate, aërial.", - "diaghilev": null, "diagnose": "To ascertain by diagnosis; to diagnosticate. See Diagnosticate.", "diagnosed": null, "diagnoses": "To ascertain by diagnosis; to diagnosticate. See Diagnosticate.", @@ -21177,11 +18670,6 @@ "diamondback": null, "diamondbacks": null, "diamonds": "1. A precious stone or gem excelling in brilliancy and beautiful play of prismatic colors, and remarkable for extreme hardness. Note: The diamond is native carbon in isometric crystals, often octahedrons with rounded edges. It is usually colorless, but some are yellow, green, blue, and even black. It is the hardest substance known. The diamond as found in nature (called a rough diamond) is cut, for use in jewelry, into various forms with many reflecting faces, or facets, by which its brilliancy is much increased. See Brilliant, Rose. Diamonds are said to be of the first water when very transparent, and of the second or third water as the transparency decreases. 2. A geometrical figure, consisting of four equal straight lines, and having two of the interior angles acute and two obtuse; a rhombus; a lozenge. 3. One of a suit of playing cards, stamped with the figure of a diamond. 4. (Arch.) A pointed projection, like a four-sided pyramid, used for ornament in lines or groups. 5. (Baseball) The infield; the square space, 90 feet on a side, having the bases at its angles. 6. (Print.) The smallest kind of type in English printing, except that called brilliant, which is seldom seen. Note: * This line is printed in the type called Diamond. Black diamond, coal; (Min.) See Carbonado. -- Bristol diamond. See Bristol stone, under Bristol. -- Diamond beetle (Zoöl.), a large South American weevil (Entimus imperialis), remarkable for its splendid luster and colors, due to minute brilliant scales. -- Diamond bird (Zoöl.), a small Australian bird (Pardalotus punctatus, family Ampelidæ.). It is black, with white spots. -- Diamond drill (Engin.), a rod or tube the end of which is set with black diamonds; -- used for perforating hard substances, esp. for boring in rock. -- Diamond finch (Zoöl.), a small Australian sparrow, often kept in a cage. Its sides are black, with conspicuous white spots, and the rump is bright carmine. -- Diamond groove (Iron Working), a groove of V-section in a roll. -- Diamond mortar (Chem.), a small steel mortar used for pulverizing hard substances. -- Diamond-point tool, a cutting tool whose point is diamond-shaped. -- Diamond snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of Australia (Morelia spilotes); the carpet snake. -- Glazier's diamond, a small diamond set in a glazier's tool, for cutting glass.\n\nResembling a diamond; made of, or abounding in, diamonds; as, a diamond chain; a diamond field.", - "diana": "The daughter of Jupiter and Latona; a virgin goddess who presided over hunting, chastity, and marriage; -- identified with the Greek goddess Artemis. And chaste Diana haunts the forest shade. Pope. Diana monkey (Zoöl.), a handsome, white-bearded monkey of West Africa (Cercopithecus Diana).", - "diane": null, - "diann": null, - "dianna": null, - "dianne": null, "diapason": "1. (Gr. Mus.) The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the diatonic scale. 2. Concord, as of notes an octave apart; harmony. The fair music that all creatures made . . . In perfect diapason. Milton. 3. The entire compass of tones. Through all the compass of the notes it ran, The diapason closing full in man. Dryden. 4. A standard of pitch; a tuning fork; as, the French normal diapason. 5. One of certain stops in the organ, so called because they extend through the scale of the instrument. They are of several kinds, as open diapason, stopped diapason, double diapason, and the like.", "diapasons": "1. (Gr. Mus.) The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the diatonic scale. 2. Concord, as of notes an octave apart; harmony. The fair music that all creatures made . . . In perfect diapason. Milton. 3. The entire compass of tones. Through all the compass of the notes it ran, The diapason closing full in man. Dryden. 4. A standard of pitch; a tuning fork; as, the French normal diapason. 5. One of certain stops in the organ, so called because they extend through the scale of the instrument. They are of several kinds, as open diapason, stopped diapason, double diapason, and the like.", "diaper": "1. Any textile fabric (esp. linen or cotton toweling) woven in diaper pattern. See 2. 2. (Fine Arts) Surface decoration of any sort which consists of the constant repetition of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly spaced. 3. A towel or napkin for wiping the hands, etc. Let one attend him with a silver basin, . . . Another bear the ewer, the third a diaper. Shak. 4. An infant's breechcloth.\n\n1. To ornament with figures, etc., arranged in the pattern called diaper, as cloth in weaving. \"Diapered light.\" H. Van Laun. Engarlanded and diapered With in wrought flowers. Tennyson. 2. To put a diaper on (a child).\n\nTo draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. \"If you diaper on folds.\" Peacham.", @@ -21197,7 +18685,6 @@ "diarists": "One who keeps a diary.", "diarrhea": "A morbidly frequent and profuse discharge of loose or fluid evacuations from the intestines, without tenesmus; a purging or looseness of the bowels; a flux.", "diary": "A register of daily events or transactions; a daily record; a journal; a blank book dated for the record of daily memoranda; as, a diary of the weather; a physician's diary.\n\nlasting for one day; as, a diary fever. [Obs.] \"Diary ague.\" Bacon.", - "dias": null, "diaspora": "(a) To those Jews who, after the Exile, were scattered through the Old World, and afterwards to Jewish Christians living among heathen. Cf. James i.1. (b) By extension, to Christians isolated from their own communion, as among the Moravians to those living, usually as missionaries, outside of the parent congregation.", "diasporas": "(a) To those Jews who, after the Exile, were scattered through the Old World, and afterwards to Jewish Christians living among heathen. Cf. James i.1. (b) By extension, to Christians isolated from their own communion, as among the Moravians to those living, usually as missionaries, outside of the parent congregation.", "diastase": "A soluble, nitrogenous ferment, capable of converting starch and dextrin into sugar. Note: The name is more particularly applied to that ferment formed during the germination of grain, as in the malting of barley; but it is also occasionally used to designate the amylolytic ferment contained in animal fluids, as in the saliva.", @@ -21216,7 +18703,6 @@ "dibbles": "A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which no set out plants or to plant seeds.\n\nTo dib or dip frequently, as in angling. Walton.\n\n1. To plant with a dibble; to make holes in (soil) with a dibble, for planting. 2. To make holes or indentations in, as if with a dibble. The clayey soil around it was dibbled thick at the time by the tiny hoofs of sheep. H. Miller.", "dibbling": null, "dibs": "A sweet preparation or treacle of grape juice, much used in the East. Johnston.", - "dicaprio": null, "dice": "Small cubes used in gaming or in determining by chance; also, the game played with dice. See Die, n. Dice coal, a kind of coal easily splitting into cubical fragments. Brande & C.\n\n1. To play games with dice. I . . . diced not above seven times a week. Shak. 2. To ornament with squares, diamonds, or cubes.", "diced": null, "dices": "Small cubes used in gaming or in determining by chance; also, the game played with dice. See Die, n. Dice coal, a kind of coal easily splitting into cubical fragments. Brande & C.\n\n1. To play games with dice. I . . . diced not above seven times a week. Shak. 2. To ornament with squares, diamonds, or cubes.", @@ -21229,19 +18715,15 @@ "dicing": "1. An ornamenting in squares or cubes. 2. Gambling with dice. J. R. Green.", "dick": null, "dickens": "The devil. [A vulgar euphemism.] I can not tell what the dickens his name is. Shak.", - "dickensian": null, "dicker": "1. The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a dakir; as, a dicker of gloves. [Obs.] A dicker of cowhides. Heywood. 2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; as, to make a dicker. [U.S.] For peddling dicker, not for honest sales. Whittier.\n\nTo negotiate a dicker; to barter. [U.S.] \"Ready to dicker. and to swap.\" Cooper.", "dickered": null, "dickering": null, "dickers": "1. The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a dakir; as, a dicker of gloves. [Obs.] A dicker of cowhides. Heywood. 2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; as, to make a dicker. [U.S.] For peddling dicker, not for honest sales. Whittier.\n\nTo negotiate a dicker; to barter. [U.S.] \"Ready to dicker. and to swap.\" Cooper.", - "dickerson": null, "dickey": "1. A seat behind a carriage, for a servant. 2. A false shirt front or bosom. 3. A gentleman's shirt collar. [Local, U. S.]", "dickeys": "1. A seat behind a carriage, for a servant. 2. A false shirt front or bosom. 3. A gentleman's shirt collar. [Local, U. S.]", "dickhead": null, "dickheads": null, - "dickinson": null, "dicks": null, - "dickson": null, "dickybird": null, "dickybirds": null, "dicotyledon": "A plant whose seeds divide into two seed lobes, or cotyledons, in germinating.", @@ -21249,8 +18731,6 @@ "dicotyledons": "A plant whose seeds divide into two seed lobes, or cotyledons, in germinating.", "dict": null, "dicta": "See Dictum.", - "dictaphone": "A form of phonographic recorder and reproducer adapted for use in dictation, as in business.", - "dictaphones": "A form of phonographic recorder and reproducer adapted for use in dictation, as in business.", "dictate": "1. To tell or utter so that another may write down; to inspire; to compose; as, to dictate a letter to an amanuensis. The mind which dictated the Iliad. Wayland. Pages dictated by the Holy Spirit. Macaulay. 2. To say; to utter; to communicate authoritatively; to deliver (a command) to a subordinate; to declare with authority; to impose; as, to dictate the terms of a treaty; a general dictates orders to his troops. Whatsoever is dictated to us by God must be believed. Watts. Syn. -- To suggest; prescribe; enjoin; command; point out; urge; admonish.\n\n1. To speak as a superior; to command; to impose conditions (on). Who presumed to dictate to the sovereign. Macaulay. 2. To compose literary works; to tell what shall be written or said by another. Sylla could not skill of letters, and therefore knew not how to dictate. Bacon.\n\nA statement delivered with authority; an order; a command; an authoritative rule, principle, or maxim; a prescription; as, listen to the dictates of your conscience; the dictates of the gospel. I credit what the Grecian dictates say. Prior. Syn. -- Command; injunction; direction suggestion; impulse; admonition.", "dictated": null, "dictates": "1. To tell or utter so that another may write down; to inspire; to compose; as, to dictate a letter to an amanuensis. The mind which dictated the Iliad. Wayland. Pages dictated by the Holy Spirit. Macaulay. 2. To say; to utter; to communicate authoritatively; to deliver (a command) to a subordinate; to declare with authority; to impose; as, to dictate the terms of a treaty; a general dictates orders to his troops. Whatsoever is dictated to us by God must be believed. Watts. Syn. -- To suggest; prescribe; enjoin; command; point out; urge; admonish.\n\n1. To speak as a superior; to command; to impose conditions (on). Who presumed to dictate to the sovereign. Macaulay. 2. To compose literary works; to tell what shall be written or said by another. Sylla could not skill of letters, and therefore knew not how to dictate. Bacon.\n\nA statement delivered with authority; an order; a command; an authoritative rule, principle, or maxim; a prescription; as, listen to the dictates of your conscience; the dictates of the gospel. I credit what the Grecian dictates say. Prior. Syn. -- Command; injunction; direction suggestion; impulse; admonition.", @@ -21279,20 +18759,15 @@ "diddly": null, "diddlysquat": null, "diddums": null, - "diderot": null, "didgeridoo": null, "didgeridoos": null, "dido": "A shrewd trick; an antic; a caper. To cut a dido, to play a trick; to cut a caper; -- perhaps so called from the trick of Dido, who having bought so much land as a hide would cover, is said to have cut it into thin strips long enough to inclose a spot for a citadel.", "didoes": null, - "didrikson": null, "didst": ", the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.", "die": "1. To pass from an animate to a lifeless state; to cease to live; to suffer a total and irreparable loss of action of the vital functions; to become dead; to expire; to perish; -- said of animals and vegetables; often with of, by, with, from, and rarely for, before the cause or occasion of death; as, to die of disease or hardships; to die by fire or the sword; to die with horror at the thought. To die by the roadside of grief and hunger. Macaulay. She will die from want of care. Tennyson. 2. To suffer death; to lose life. In due time Christ died for the ungodly. Rom. v. 6. 3. To perish in any manner; to cease; to become lost or extinct; to be extinguished. Letting the secret die within his own breast. Spectator. Great deeds can not die. Tennyson. 4. To sink; to faint; to pine; to languish, with weakness, discouragement, love, etc. His heart died within, and he became as a stone. 1 Sam. xxv. 37. The young men acknowledged, in love letters, that they died for Rebecca. Tatler. 5. To become indifferent; to cease to be subject; as, to die to pleasure or to sin. 6. To recede and grow fainter; to become imperceptible; to vanish; -- often with out or away. Blemishes may die away and disappear amidst the brightness. Spectator. 7. (Arch.) To disappear gradually in another surface, as where moldings are lost in a sloped or curved face. 8. To become vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor. To die in the last ditch, to fight till death; to die rather than surrender. \"There is one certain way,\" replied the Prince [William of Orange] \" by which I can be sure never to see my country's ruin, -- I will die in the last ditch.\" Hume (Hist. of Eng. ). -- To die out, to cease gradually; as, the prejudice has died out. Syn. -- To expire; decease; perish; depart; vanish.\n\n1. A small cube, marked on its faces with spots from one to six, and used in playing games by being shaken in a box and thrown from it. See Dice. 2. Any small cubical or square body. Words . . . pasted upon little flat tablets or dies. Watts. 3. That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die; hazard; chance. Such is the die of war. Spenser. 4. (Arch.) That part of a pedestal included between base and cornice; the dado. 5. (Mach.) (a) A metal or plate (often one of a pair) so cut or shaped as to give a certain desired form to, or impress any desired device on, an object or surface, by pressure or by a blow; used in forging metals, coining, striking up sheet metal, etc. (b) A perforated block, commonly of hardened steel used in connection with a punch, for punching holes, as through plates, or blanks from plates, or for forming cups or capsules, as from sheet metal, by drawing. (c) A hollow internally threaded screw-cutting tool, made in one piece or composed of several parts, for forming screw threads on bolts, etc.; one of the separate parts which make up such a tool. Cutting die (Mech.), a thin, deep steel frame, sharpened to a cutting edge, for cutting out articles from leather, cloth, paper, etc. -- The die is cast, the hazard must be run; the step is taken, and it is too late to draw back; the last chance is taken.", "died": null, - "diefenbaker": null, - "diego": null, "dielectric": "Any substance or medium that transmits the electric force by a process different from conduction, as in the phenomena of induction; a nonconductor. separating a body electrified by induction, from the electrifying body.", "dielectrics": "Any substance or medium that transmits the electric force by a process different from conduction, as in the phenomena of induction; a nonconductor. separating a body electrified by induction, from the electrifying body.", - "diem": null, "diereses": null, "dieresis": "1. (Gram.) The separation or resolution of one syllable into two; -- the opposite of synæresis. 2. A mark consisting of two dots [..], placed over the second of two adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters; as, coöperate, aërial.\n\nSame as Diæresis.", "dies": "1. To pass from an animate to a lifeless state; to cease to live; to suffer a total and irreparable loss of action of the vital functions; to become dead; to expire; to perish; -- said of animals and vegetables; often with of, by, with, from, and rarely for, before the cause or occasion of death; as, to die of disease or hardships; to die by fire or the sword; to die with horror at the thought. To die by the roadside of grief and hunger. Macaulay. She will die from want of care. Tennyson. 2. To suffer death; to lose life. In due time Christ died for the ungodly. Rom. v. 6. 3. To perish in any manner; to cease; to become lost or extinct; to be extinguished. Letting the secret die within his own breast. Spectator. Great deeds can not die. Tennyson. 4. To sink; to faint; to pine; to languish, with weakness, discouragement, love, etc. His heart died within, and he became as a stone. 1 Sam. xxv. 37. The young men acknowledged, in love letters, that they died for Rebecca. Tatler. 5. To become indifferent; to cease to be subject; as, to die to pleasure or to sin. 6. To recede and grow fainter; to become imperceptible; to vanish; -- often with out or away. Blemishes may die away and disappear amidst the brightness. Spectator. 7. (Arch.) To disappear gradually in another surface, as where moldings are lost in a sloped or curved face. 8. To become vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor. To die in the last ditch, to fight till death; to die rather than surrender. \"There is one certain way,\" replied the Prince [William of Orange] \" by which I can be sure never to see my country's ruin, -- I will die in the last ditch.\" Hume (Hist. of Eng. ). -- To die out, to cease gradually; as, the prejudice has died out. Syn. -- To expire; decease; perish; depart; vanish.\n\n1. A small cube, marked on its faces with spots from one to six, and used in playing games by being shaken in a box and thrown from it. See Dice. 2. Any small cubical or square body. Words . . . pasted upon little flat tablets or dies. Watts. 3. That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die; hazard; chance. Such is the die of war. Spenser. 4. (Arch.) That part of a pedestal included between base and cornice; the dado. 5. (Mach.) (a) A metal or plate (often one of a pair) so cut or shaped as to give a certain desired form to, or impress any desired device on, an object or surface, by pressure or by a blow; used in forging metals, coining, striking up sheet metal, etc. (b) A perforated block, commonly of hardened steel used in connection with a punch, for punching holes, as through plates, or blanks from plates, or for forming cups or capsules, as from sheet metal, by drawing. (c) A hollow internally threaded screw-cutting tool, made in one piece or composed of several parts, for forming screw threads on bolts, etc.; one of the separate parts which make up such a tool. Cutting die (Mech.), a thin, deep steel frame, sharpened to a cutting edge, for cutting out articles from leather, cloth, paper, etc. -- The die is cast, the hazard must be run; the step is taken, and it is too late to draw back; the last chance is taken.", @@ -21311,7 +18786,6 @@ "dieting": null, "dietitian": "One skilled in dietetics. [R.]", "dietitians": "One skilled in dietetics. [R.]", - "dietrich": null, "diets": "1. Course of living or nourishment; what is eaten and drunk habitually; food; victuals; fare. \"No inconvenient diet.\" Milton. 2. A course of food selected with reference to a particular state of health; prescribed allowance of food; regimen prescribed. To fast like one that takes diet. Shak. Diet kitchen, a kitchen in which diet is prepared for invalids; a charitable establishment that provides proper food for the sick poor.\n\n1. To cause to take food; to feed. [R.] Shak. 2. To cause to eat and drink sparingly, or by prescribed rules; to regulate medicinally the food of. She diets him with fasting every day. Spenser.\n\n1. To eat; to take one's meals. [Obs.] Let him . . . diet in such places, where there is good company of the nation, where he traveleth. Bacon. 2. To eat according to prescribed rules; to ear sparingly; as, the doctor says he must diet.\n\nA legislative or administrative assembly in Germany, Poland, and some other countries of Europe; a deliberative convention; a council; as, the Diet of Worms, held in 1521.", "diff": null, "diffed": null, @@ -21400,8 +18874,6 @@ "digressions": "1. The act of digressing or deviating, esp. from the main subject of a discourse; hence, a part of a discourse deviating from its main design or subject. The digressions I can not excuse otherwise, than by the confidence that no man will read them. Sir W. Temple. 2. A turning aside from the right path; transgression; offense. [R.] Then my digression is so vile, so base, That it will live engraven in my face. Shak. 3. (Anat.) The elongation, or angular distance from the sun; -- said chiefly of the inferior planets. [R.]", "digressive": "Departing from the main subject; partaking of the nature of digression. Johnson.", "digs": "1. To turn up, or delve in, (earth) with a spade or a hoe; to open, loosen, or break up (the soil) with a spade, or other sharp instrument; to pierce, open, or loosen, as if with a spade. Be first to dig the ground. Dryden. 2. To get by digging; as, to dig potatoes, or gold. 3. To hollow out, as a well; to form, as a ditch, by removing earth; to excavate; as, to dig a ditch or a well. 4. To thrust; to poke. [Colloq.] You should have seen children . . . dig and push their mothers under the sides, saying thus to them: Look, mother, how great a lubber doth yet wear pearls. Robynson (More's Utopia). To dig down, to undermine and cause to fall by digging; as, to dig down a wall. -- To dig from, out of, out, or up, to get out or obtain by digging; as, to dig coal from or out of a mine; to dig out fossils; to dig up a tree. The preposition is often omitted; as, the men are digging coal, digging iron ore, digging potatoes. -- To dig in, to cover by digging; as, to dig in manure.(b) To entrench oneself so as to give stronger resistance; -- used of warfare. Also figuratively, esp. in the phrase to dig in one's heels.\n\n1. To work with a spade or other like implement; to do servile work; to delve. Dig for it more than for hid treasures. Job iii. 21. I can not dig; to beg I am ashamed. Luke xvi. 3. 2. (Mining) To take ore from its bed, in distinction from making excavations in search of ore. 3. To work like a digger; to study ploddingly and laboriously. [Cant, U.S.]\n\n1. A thrust; a punch; a poke; as, a dig in the side or the ribs. See Dig, v. t., 4. [Colloq.] 2. A plodding and laborious student. [Cant, U.S.]", - "dijkstra": null, - "dijon": null, "dike": "1. A ditch; a channel for water made by digging. Little channels or dikes cut to every bed. Ray. 2. An embankment to prevent inundations; a levee. Dikes that the hands of the farmers had raised . . . Shut out the turbulent tides. Longfellow. 3. A wall of turf or stone. [Scot.] 4. (Geol.) A wall-like mass of mineral matter, usually an intrusion of igneous rocks, filling up rents or fissures in the original strata.\n\n1. To surround or protect with a dike or dry bank; to secure with a bank. 2. To drain by a dike or ditch.\n\nTo work as a ditcher; to dig. [Obs.] He would thresh and thereto dike and delve. Chaucer.", "diked": null, "dikes": "1. A ditch; a channel for water made by digging. Little channels or dikes cut to every bed. Ray. 2. An embankment to prevent inundations; a levee. Dikes that the hands of the farmers had raised . . . Shut out the turbulent tides. Longfellow. 3. A wall of turf or stone. [Scot.] 4. (Geol.) A wall-like mass of mineral matter, usually an intrusion of igneous rocks, filling up rents or fissures in the original strata.\n\n1. To surround or protect with a dike or dry bank; to secure with a bank. 2. To drain by a dike or ditch.\n\nTo work as a ditcher; to dig. [Obs.] He would thresh and thereto dike and delve. Chaucer.", @@ -21419,8 +18891,6 @@ "dilator": "1. One who, or that which, widens or expands. 2. (Anat.) A muscle that dilates any part. 3. (Med.) An instrument for expanding a part; as, a urethral dilator.", "dilators": "1. One who, or that which, widens or expands. 2. (Anat.) A muscle that dilates any part. 3. (Med.) An instrument for expanding a part; as, a urethral dilator.", "dilatory": "1. Inclined to defer or put off what ought to be done at once; given the procrastination; delaying; procrastinating; loitering; as, a dilatory servant. 2. Marked by procrastination or delay; tardy; slow; sluggish; -- said of actions or measures. Alva, as usual, brought his dilatory policy to bear upon hiMotley. Dilatory plea (Law), a plea designed to create delay in the trial of a cause, generally founded upon some matter not connected with the merits of the case. Syn. -- Slow; delaying; sluggish; inactive; loitering; behindhand; backward; procrastinating. See Slow.", - "dilbert": null, - "dilberts": null, "dildo": "A burden in popular songs. [Obs.] Delicate burthens of dildos and fadings. Shak.\n\nA columnar cactaceous plant of the West Indies (Cereus Swartzii).", "dildos": "A burden in popular songs. [Obs.] Delicate burthens of dildos and fadings. Shak.\n\nA columnar cactaceous plant of the West Indies (Cereus Swartzii).", "dilemma": "1. (Logic) An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever alternative he chooses. Note: The following are instances of the dilemma. A young rhetorician applied to an old sophist to be taught the art of pleading, and bargained for a certain reward to be paid when he should gain a cause. The master sued for his reward, and the scholar endeavored to dilemma. \"If I gain my cause, I shall withhold your pay, because the judge's award will be against you; if I lose it, I may withhold it, because I shall not yet have gained a cause.\" \"On the contrary,\" says the master, \"if you gain your cause, you must pay me, because you are to pay me when you gain a cause; if you lose it, you must pay me, because the judge will award it.\" Johnson. 2. A state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves on every side, and it is difficult to determine what course to pursue; a vexatious alternative or predicament; a difficult choice or position. A strong dilemma in a desperate case! To act with infamy, or quit the place. Swift. Horns of a dilemma, alternatives, each of which is equally difficult of encountering.", @@ -21433,10 +18903,7 @@ "diligent": "1. Prosecuted with careful attention and effort; careful; painstaking; not careless or negligent. The judges shall make diligent inquisition. Deut. xix. 18. 2. Interestedly and perseveringly attentive; steady and earnest in application to a subject or pursuit; assiduous; industrious. Seest thou a man diligent in his business he shall stand before kings. Prov. xxii. 29. Diligent cultivation of elegant literature. Prescott. Syn. -- Active; assiduous; sedulous; laborious; persevering; attentive; industrious.", "diligently": "In a diligent manner; not carelessly; not negligently; with industry or assiduity. Ye diligently keep commandments of the Lord your God. Deut. vi. 17.", "dill": "An herb (Peucedanum graveolens), the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, and were formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; -- called also dill-seed. Dr. Prior.\n\nTo still; to calm; to soothe, as one in pain. [Obs.]", - "dillard": null, "dillies": null, - "dillinger": null, - "dillon": null, "dills": "An herb (Peucedanum graveolens), the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, and were formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; -- called also dill-seed. Dr. Prior.\n\nTo still; to calm; to soothe, as one in pain. [Obs.]", "dilly": "A kind of stagecoach. \"The Derby dilly.\" J. H. Frere.", "dillydallied": null, @@ -21451,7 +18918,6 @@ "dilution": "The act of diluting, or the state of being diluted. Arbuthnot.", "dilutions": "The act of diluting, or the state of being diluted. Arbuthnot.", "dim": "1. Not bright or distinct; wanting luminousness or clearness; obscure in luster or sound; dusky; darkish; obscure; indistinct; overcast; tarnished. The dim magnificence of poetry. Whewell. How is the gold become dim! Lam. iv. 1. I never saw The heavens so dim by day. Shak. Three sleepless nights I passed in sounding on, Through words and things, a dim and perilous way. Wordsworth. 2. Of obscure vision; not seeing clearly; hence, dull of apprehension; of weak perception; obtuse. Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow. Job xvii. 7. The understanding is dim. Rogers. Note: Obvious compounds: dim-eyed; dim-sighted, etc. Syn. -- Obscure; dusky; dark; mysterious; imperfect; dull; sullied; tarnished.\n\n1. To render dim, obscure, or dark; to make less bright or distinct; to take away the luster of; to darken; to dull; to obscure; to eclipse. A king among his courtiers, who dims all his attendants. Dryden. Now set the sun, and twilight dimmed the ways. Cowper. 2. To deprive of distinct vision; to hinder from seeing clearly, either by dazzling or clouding the eyes; to darken the senses or understanding of. Her starry eyes were dimmed with streaming tears. C. Pitt.\n\nTo grow dim. J. C. Shairp.", - "dimaggio": null, "dime": "A silver coin of the United States, of the value of ten cents; the tenth of a dollar. Dime novel, a novel, commonly sensational and trashy, which is sold for a dime, or ten cents.", "dimension": "1. Measure in a single line, as length, breadth, height, thickness, or circumference; extension; measurement; -- usually, in the plural, measure in length and breadth, or in length, breadth, and thickness; extent; size; as, the dimensions of a room, or of a ship; the dimensions of a farm, of a kingdom. Gentlemen of more than ordinary dimensions. W. Irving. Space of dimension, extension that has length but no breadth or thickness; a straight or curved line. -- Space of two dimensions, extension which has length and breadth, but no thickness; a plane or curved surface. -- Space of three dimensions, extension which has length, breadth, and thickness; a solid. -- Space of four dimensions, as imaginary kind of extension, which is assumed to have length, breadth, thickness, and also a fourth imaginary dimension. Space of five or six, or more dimensions is also sometimes assumed in mathematics. 2. Extent; reach; scope; importance; as, a project of large dimensions. 3. (Math.) The degree of manifoldness of a quantity; as, time is quantity having one dimension; volume has three dimensions, relative to extension. 4. (Alg.) A literal factor, as numbered in characterizing a term. The term dimensions forms with the cardinal numbers a phrase equivalent to degree with the ordinal; thus, a2b2c is a term of five dimensions, or of the fifth degree. 5. pl. (Phys.) The manifoldness with which the fundamental units of time, length, and mass are involved in determining the units of other physical quantities. Thus, since the unit of velocity varies directly as the unit of length and inversely as the unit of time, the dimensions of velocity are said to be length ÷ time; the dimensions of work are mass × (length)2 ÷ (time)2; the dimensions of density are mass ÷ (length)3. Dimension lumber, Dimension scantling, or Dimension stock (Carp.), lumber for building, etc., cut to the sizes usually in demand, or to special sizes as ordered. -- Dimension stone, stone delivered from the quarry rough, but brought to such sizes as are requisite for cutting to dimensions given.", "dimensional": "Pertaining to dimension.", @@ -21487,8 +18953,6 @@ "dimwits": null, "dimwitted": null, "din": "Loud, confused, harsh noise; a loud, continuous, rattling or clanging sound; clamor; roar. Think you a little din can daunt mine ears Shak. He knew the battle's din afar. Sir W. Scott. The dust and din and steam of town. Tennyson.\n\n1. To strike with confused or clanging sound; to stun with loud and continued noise; to harass with clamor; as, to din the ears with cries. 2. To utter with a din; to repeat noisily; to ding. This hath been often dinned in my ears. Swift. To din into, to fix in the mind of another by frequent and noisy repetitions. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo sound with a din; a ding. The gay viol dinning in the dale. A. Seward.", - "dina": null, - "dinah": null, "dinar": "1. A petty money of accounts of Persia. 2. An ancient gold coin of the East.", "dinars": "1. A petty money of accounts of Persia. 2. An ancient gold coin of the East.", "dine": "To eat the principal regular meal of the day; to take dinner. Now can I break my fast, dine, sup, and sleep. Shak. To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner; -- a phrase common in Elizabethan literature, said to be from the practice of the poor gentry, who beguiled the dinner hour by a promenade near the tomb of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, in Old Saint Paul's.\n\n1. To give a dinner to; to furnish with the chief meal; to feed; as, to dine a hundred men. A table massive enough to have dined Johnnie Armstrong and his merry men. Sir W. Scott. 2. To dine upon; to have to eat. [Obs.] \"What will ye dine.\" Chaucer.", @@ -21532,7 +18996,6 @@ "dinnertime": null, "dinnerware": null, "dinning": null, - "dino": null, "dinosaur": "One of the Dinosauria. [Written also deinosaur, and deinosaurian.]", "dinosaurs": "One of the Dinosauria. [Written also deinosaur, and deinosaurian.]", "dins": "Loud, confused, harsh noise; a loud, continuous, rattling or clanging sound; clamor; roar. Think you a little din can daunt mine ears Shak. He knew the battle's din afar. Sir W. Scott. The dust and din and steam of town. Tennyson.\n\n1. To strike with confused or clanging sound; to stun with loud and continued noise; to harass with clamor; as, to din the ears with cries. 2. To utter with a din; to repeat noisily; to ding. This hath been often dinned in my ears. Swift. To din into, to fix in the mind of another by frequent and noisy repetitions. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo sound with a din; a ding. The gay viol dinning in the dale. A. Seward.", @@ -21541,16 +19004,8 @@ "diocesans": "Of or pertaining to a diocese; as, diocesan missions.\n\n1. A bishop, viewed in relation to his diocese; as, the diocesan of New York. 2. pl. The clergy or the people of a diocese. Strype.", "diocese": "The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; the district in which a bishop exercises his ecclesiastical authority. [Frequently, but improperly, spelt diocess.]", "dioceses": "The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; the district in which a bishop exercises his ecclesiastical authority. [Frequently, but improperly, spelt diocess.]", - "diocletian": null, "diode": null, "diodes": null, - "diogenes": "A Greek Cynic philosopher (412-323 B. C.) who lived much in Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings. Diogenes' crab (Zoöl.), a species of terrestrial hermit crabs (Cenobita Diogenes), abundant in the West Indies and often destructive to crops. -- Diogenes' tub, the tub which the philosopher Diogenes is said to have carried about with him as his house, in which he lived.", - "dion": null, - "dionne": null, - "dionysian": "Relating to Dionysius, a monk of the 6th century; as, the Dionysian, or Christian, era. Dionysian period, a period of 532 years, depending on the cycle of the sun, or 28 years, and the cycle of the moon, or 19 years; -- sometimes called the Greek paschal cycle, or Victorian period.", - "dionysus": null, - "diophantine": "Originated or taught by Diophantus, the Greek writer on algebra. Diophantine analysis (Alg.), that branch of indeterminate analysis which has for its object the discovery of rational values that satisfy given equations containing squares or cubes; as, for example, to find values of x and y which make x2 + y2 an exact square.", - "dior": null, "diorama": "1. A mode of scenic representation, invented by Daguerre and Bouton, in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening. By a combination of transparent and opaque painting, and of transmitted and reflected light, and by contrivances such as screens and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced. 2. A building used for such an exhibition.", "dioramas": "1. A mode of scenic representation, invented by Daguerre and Bouton, in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening. By a combination of transparent and opaque painting, and of transmitted and reflected light, and by contrivances such as screens and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced. 2. A building used for such an exhibition.", "dioxide": "(a) An oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in each molecule; binoxide. (b) An oxide containing but one atom or equivalent of oxygen to two of a metal; a suboxide. [Obs.] Carbon dioxide. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.", @@ -21594,8 +19049,6 @@ "dipterous": "1. (Zoöl.) Having two wings, as certain insects; belonging to the order Diptera. 2. (Bot.) Having two wings; two-winged.", "diptych": "1. Anything consisting of two leaves. Especially: (a) (Roman Antiq.) A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect the writing within. (b) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets connected by hinges. See Triptych. 2. A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of the church; a catalogue of saints.", "diptychs": "1. Anything consisting of two leaves. Especially: (a) (Roman Antiq.) A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect the writing within. (b) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets connected by hinges. See Triptych. 2. A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of the church; a catalogue of saints.", - "dir": null, - "dirac": null, "dire": "1. Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. 2. Evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible; lamentable. Dire was the tossing, deep the groans. Milton. Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire. Milton.", "direct": "1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means. What is direct to, what slides by, the question. Locke. 2. Straightforward; not of crooked ways, or swerving from truth and openness; sincere; outspoken. Be even and direct with me. Shak. 3. Immediate; express; plain; unambiguous. He howhere, that I know, says it in direct words. Locke. A direct and avowed interference with elections. Hallam. 4. In the line of descent; not collateral; as, a descendant in the direct line. 5. (Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body. Direct action. (Mach.) See Direct-acting. -- Direct discourse (Gram.), the language of any one quoted without change in its form; as, he said \"I can not come;\" -- correlative to indirect discourse, in which there is change of form; as, he said that he could not come. They are often called respectively by their Latin names, oratio directa, and oratio obliqua. -- Direct evidence (Law), evidence which is positive or not inferential; -- opposed to circumstantial, or indirect, evidence. -- This distinction, however, is merely formal, since there is no direct evidence that is not circumstantial, or dependent on circumstances for its credibility. Wharton. -- Direct examination (Law), the first examination of a witness in the orderly course, upon the merits. Abbott. -- Direct fire (Mil.), fire, the direction of which is perpendicular to the line of troops or to the parapet aimed at. -- Direct process (Metal.), one which yields metal in working condition by a single process from the ore. Knight. -- Direct tax, a tax assessed directly on lands, etc., and polls, distinguished from taxes on merchandise, or customs, and from excise.\n\n1. To arrange in a direct or straight line, as against a mark, or towards a goal; to point; to aim; as, to direct an arrow or a piece of ordnance. 2. To point out or show to (any one), as the direct or right course or way; to guide, as by pointing out the way; as, he directed me to the left-hand road. The Lord direct your into the love of God. 2 Thess. iii. 5. The next points to which I will direct your attention. Lubbock. 3. To determine the direction or course of; to cause to go on in a particular manner; to order in the way to a certain end; to regulate; to govern; as, to direct the affairs of a nation or the movements of an army. I will direct their work in truth. Is. lxi. 8. 4. To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order; as, he directed them to go. I 'll first direct my men what they shall do. Shak. 5. To put a direction or address upon; to mark with the name and residence of the person to whom anything is sent; to superscribe; as, to direct a letter. Syn. -- To guide; lead; conduct; dispose; manage; regulate; order; instruct; command.\n\nTo give direction; to point out a course; to act as guide. Wisdom is profitable to direct. Eccl. x. 10.\n\nA character, thus [ Moore (Encyc. of Music).", "directed": null, @@ -21626,7 +19079,6 @@ "direst": null, "dirge": "A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls Sung dirges at her funeral. Ford.", "dirges": "A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls Sung dirges at her funeral. Ford.", - "dirichlet": null, "dirigible": "Capable of being directed; steerable; as, a dirigible balloon.", "dirigibles": "Capable of being directed; steerable; as, a dirigible balloon.", "dirk": "A kind of dagger or poniard; -- formerly much used by the Scottish Highlander. Dirk knife, a clasp knife having a large, dirklike blade.\n\nTo stab with a dirk. Sir W. Scott.\n\nDark. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo darken. [Obs.] Spenser.", @@ -22203,8 +19655,6 @@ "dismounted": null, "dismounting": null, "dismounts": "1. To come down; to descend. [Poetic] But now the bright sun ginneth to dismount. Spenser. 2. To alight from a horse; to descend or get off, as a rider from his beast; as, the troops dismounted.\n\n1. To throw or bring down from an elevation, place of honor and authority, or the like. Dismounted from his authority. Barrow. 2. To throw or remove from a horse; to unhorse; as, the soldier dismounted his adversary. 3. (Mech.) To take down, or apart, as a machine. 4. To throw or remove from the carriage, or from that on which a thing is mounted; to break the carriage or wheels of, and render useless; to deprive of equipments or mountings; -- said esp. of artillery.", - "disney": null, - "disneyland": null, "disobedience": "Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or prohibition. He is undutiful to him other actions, and lives in open disobedience. Tillotson.", "disobedient": "1. Neglecting or refusing to obey; omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is prohibited; refractory; not observant of duty or rules prescribed by authority; -- applied to persons and acts. This disobedient spirit in the colonies. Burke. Disobedient unto the word of the Lord. 1 Kings xiii. 26. 2. Not yielding. Medicines used unnecessarily contribute to shorten life, by sooner rendering peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli. E. Darwin.", "disobediently": "In a disobedient manner.", @@ -22365,7 +19815,6 @@ "disquietude": null, "disquisition": "A formal or systematic inquiry into, or discussion of, any subject; a full examination or investigation of a matter, with the arguments and facts bearing upon it; elaborate essay; dissertation. For accurate research or grave disquisition he was not well qualified. Macaulay.", "disquisitions": "A formal or systematic inquiry into, or discussion of, any subject; a full examination or investigation of a matter, with the arguments and facts bearing upon it; elaborate essay; dissertation. For accurate research or grave disquisition he was not well qualified. Macaulay.", - "disraeli": null, "disregard": "Not to regard; to pay no heed to; to omit to take notice of; to neglect to observe; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice; as, to disregard the admonitions of conscience. Studious of good, man disregarded fame. Blackmore.\n\nThe act of disregarding, or the state of being disregarded; intentional neglect; omission of notice; want of attention; slight. The disregard of experience. Whewell.", "disregarded": null, "disregardful": "Neglect; negligent; heedless; regardless.", @@ -22712,13 +20161,7 @@ "divvies": null, "divvy": null, "divvying": null, - "diwali": null, - "dix": null, - "dixie": "A colloquial name for the Southern portion of the United States, esp. during the Civil War. [U.S.]", - "dixiecrat": null, "dixieland": null, - "dixielands": null, - "dixon": null, "dizzied": null, "dizzier": null, "dizzies": null, @@ -22727,20 +20170,9 @@ "dizziness": "Giddiness; a whirling sensation in the head; vertigo.", "dizzy": "1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling, with a tendency to fall; vertiginous; giddy; hence, confused; indistinct. Alas! his brain was dizzy. Drayton. 2. Causing, or tending to cause, giddiness or vertigo. To climb from the brink of Fleet Ditch by a dizzy ladder. Macaulay. 3. Without distinct thought; unreflecting; thoughtless; heedless. \"The dizzy multitude.\" Milton.\n\nTo make dizzy or giddy; to give the vertigo to; to confuse. If the jangling of thy bells had not dizzied thy understanding. Sir W. Scott.", "dizzying": null, - "dj": null, - "django": null, "djellaba": null, "djellabas": null, - "djibouti": null, - "dmca": null, - "dmd": null, - "dmitri": null, - "dmz": null, - "dna": null, - "dnepropetrovsk": null, - "dniester": null, "do": "A syllable attached to the first tone of the major diatonic scale for the purpose of solmization, or solfeggio. It is the first of the seven syllables used by the Italians as manes of musical tones, and replaced, for the sake of euphony, the syllable Ut, applied to the note C. In England and America the same syllables are used by mane as a scale pattern, while the tones in respect to absolute pitch are named from the first seven letters of the alphabet.\n\n1. To place; to put. [Obs.] Tale of a Usurer (about 1330). 2. To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive. [Obs.] My lord Abbot of Westminster did do shewe to me late certain evidences. W. Caxton. I shall . . . your cloister do make. Piers Plowman. A fatal plague which many did to die. Spenser. We do you to wit [i. e., We make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1. Note: We have lost the idiom shown by the citations (do used like the French faire or laisser), in which the verb in the infinitive apparently, but not really, has a passive signification, i. e., cause . . . to be made. 3. To bring about; to produce, as an effect or result; to effect; to achieve. The neglecting it may do much danger. Shak. He waved indifferently' twixt doing them neither good not harm. Shak. 4. To perform, as an action; to execute; to transact to carry out in action; as, to do a good or a bad act; do our duty; to do what I can. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work. Ex. xx. 9. We did not do these things. Ld. Lytton. You can not do wrong without suffering wrong. Emerson. Hence: To do homage, honor, favor, justice, etc., to render homage, honor, etc. 5. To bring to an end by action; to perform completely; to finish; to accomplish; -- a sense conveyed by the construction, which is that of the past participle done. \"Ere summer half be done.\" \"I have done weeping.\" Shak. 6. To make ready for an object, purpose, or use, as food by cooking; to cook completely or sufficiently; as, the meat is done on one side only. 7. To put or bring into a form, state, or condition, especially in the phrases, to do death, to put to death; to slay; to do away (often do away with), to put away; to remove; to do on, to put on; to don; to do off, to take off, as dress; to doff; to do into, to put into the form of; to translate or transform into, as a text. Done to death by slanderous tongues. Shak. The ground of the difficulty is done away. Paley. Suspicions regarding his loyalty were entirely done away. Thackeray. To do on our own harness, that we may not; but we must do on the armor of God. Latimer. Then Jason rose and did on him a fair Blue woolen tunic. W. Morris (Jason). Though the former legal pollution be now done off, yet there is a spiritual contagion in idolatry as much to be shunned. Milton. It [\"Pilgrim's Progress\"] has been done into verse: it has been done into modern English. Macaulay. 8. To cheat; to gull; to overreach. [Colloq.] He was not be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent. De Quincey. 9. To see or inspect; to explore; as, to do all the points of interest. [Colloq.] 10. (Stock Exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note. Note: (a) Do and did are much employed as auxiliaries, the verb to which they are joined being an infinitive. As an auxiliary the verb do has no participle. \"I do set my bow in the cloud.\" Gen. ix. 13. [Now archaic or rare except for emphatic assertion.] Rarely . . . did the wrongs of individuals to the knowledge of the public. Macaulay. (b) They are often used in emphatic construction. \"You don't say so, Mr. Jobson. -- but I do say so.\" Sir W. Scott. \"I did love him, but scorn him now.\" Latham. (c) In negative and interrogative constructions, do and did are in common use. I do not wish to see them; what do you think Did Cæsar cross the Tiber He did not. \"Do you love me\" Shak. (d) Do, as an auxiliary, is supposed to have been first used before imperatives. It expresses entreaty or earnest request; as, do help me. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used with the verb to be; as, do be quiet. Do, did, and done often stand as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the repetition of the principal verb. \"To live and die is all we have to do.\" Denham. In the case of do and did as auxiliaries, the sense may be completed by the infinitive (without to) of the verb represented. \"When beauty lived and died as flowers do now.\" Shak. \"I . . . chose my wife as she did her wedding gown.\" Goldsmith. My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being. As the light does the shadow. Longfellow. In unemphatic affirmative sentences do is, for the most part, archaic or poetical; as, \"This just reproach their virtue does excite.\" Dryden. To do one's best, To do one's diligence (and the like), to exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent efforts. \"We will . . . do our best to gain their assent.\" Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. -- To do one shame, to cause one shame. [Obs.] -- To do over. (a) To make over; to perform a second time. (b) To cover; to spread; to smear. \"Boats . . . sewed together and done over with a kind of slimy stuff like rosin.\" De Foe. -- To do to death, to put to death. (See 7.) [Obs.] -- To do up. (a) To put up; to raise. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To pack together and envelop; to pack up. (c) To accomplish thoroughly. [Colloq.] (d) To starch and iron. \"A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff done up with the famous yellow starch.\" Hawthorne. -- To do way, to put away; to lay aside. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually preceded by what. \"Men are many times brought to that extremity, that were it not for God they would not know what to do with themselves.\" Tillotson. -- To have to do with, to have concern, business or intercourse with; to deal with. When preceded by what, the notion is usually implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the subject of have. \"Philology has to do with language in its fullest sense.\" Earle. \"What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah 2 Sam. xvi. 10.\n\n1. To act or behave in any manner; to conduct one's self. They fear not the Lord, neither do they after . . . the law and commandment. 2 Kings xvii. 34. 2. To fare; to be, as regards health; as, they asked him how he did; how do you do to-day 3. Etym: [Perh. a different word. OE. dugen, dowen, to avail, be of use, AS. dugan. See Doughty.] To succeed; to avail; to answer the purpose; to serve; as, if no better plan can be found, he will make this do. You would do well to prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the Conquest; and if that won't do; challenge the crown. Collier. To do by. See under By. -- To do for. (a) To answer for; to serve as; to suit. (b) To put an end to; to ruin; to baffle completely; as, a goblet is done for when it is broken. [Colloq.] Some folks are happy and easy in mind when their victim is stabbed and done for. Thackeray. -- To do withal, to help or prevent it. [Obs.] \"I could not do withal.\" Shak. -- To do without, to get along without; to dispense with. -- To have done, to have made an end or conclusion; to have finished; to be quit; to desist. -- To have done with, to have completed; to be through with; to have no further concern with. -- Well to do, in easy circumstances.\n\n1. Deed; act; fear. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott. 2. Ado; bustle; stir; to do. [R.] A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble. Selden. 3. A cheat; a swindle. [Slang, Eng.]", - "doa": null, "doable": "Capable of being done. Carlyle.", "dob": null, "dobbed": null, @@ -22781,7 +20213,6 @@ "doctorates": "The degree, title, or rank, of a doctor.\n\nTo make (one) a doctor. He was bred . . . in Oxford and there doctorated. Fuller.", "doctored": null, "doctoring": null, - "doctorow": null, "doctors": "1. A teacher; one skilled in a profession, or branch of knowledge learned man. [Obs.] One of the doctors of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel. Bacon. 2. An academical title, originally meaning a men so well versed in his department as to be qualified to teach it. Hence: One who has taken the highest degree conferred by a university or college, or has received a diploma of the highest degree; as, a doctor of divinity, of law, of medicine, of music, or of philosophy. Such diplomas may confer an honorary title only. 3. One duly licensed to practice medicine; a member of the medical profession; a physician. By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death Will seize the doctor too. Shak. 4. Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency; as, the doctor of a calico- printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous coloring matter; the doctor, or auxiliary engine, called also donkey engine. 5. (Zoöl.) The friar skate. [Prov. Eng.] Doctors' Commons. See under Commons. -- Doctor's stuff, physic, medicine. G. Eliot. -- Doctor fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Acanthurus; the surgeon fish; -- so called from a sharp lancetlike spine on each side of the tail. Also called barber fish. See Surgeon fish.\n\n1. To treat as a physician does; to apply remedies to; to repair; as, to doctor a sick man or a broken cart. [Colloq.] 2. To confer a doctorate upon; to make a doctor. 3. To tamper with and arrange for one's own purposes; to falsify; to adulterate; as, to doctor election returns; to doctor whisky. [Slang]\n\nTo practice physic. [Colloq.]", "doctrinaire": "One who would apply to political or other practical concerns the abstract doctrines or the theories of his own philosophical system; a propounder of a new set of opinions; a dogmatic theorist. Used also adjectively; as, doctrinaire notions. Note: In french history, the Doctrinaires were a constitutionalist party which originated after the restoration of the Bourbons, and represented the interests of liberalism and progress. After the Revolution of July, 1830, when they came into power, they assumed a conservative position in antagonism with the republicans and radicals. Am. Cyc.", "doctrinaires": "One who would apply to political or other practical concerns the abstract doctrines or the theories of his own philosophical system; a propounder of a new set of opinions; a dogmatic theorist. Used also adjectively; as, doctrinaire notions. Note: In french history, the Doctrinaires were a constitutionalist party which originated after the restoration of the Bourbons, and represented the interests of liberalism and progress. After the Revolution of July, 1830, when they came into power, they assumed a conservative position in antagonism with the republicans and radicals. Am. Cyc.", @@ -22798,7 +20229,6 @@ "documented": null, "documenting": null, "documents": "1. That which is taught or authoritatively set forth; precept; instruction; dogma. [Obs.] Learners should not be too much crowded with a heap or multitude of documents or ideas at one time. I. Watts. 2. An example for instruction or warning. [Obs.] They were forth with stoned to death, as a document to others. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. An original or official paper relied upon as the basis, proof, or support of anything else; -- in its most extended sense, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information in the case; any material substance on which the thoughts of men are represented by any species of conventional mark or symbol. Saint Luke . . . collected them from such documents and testimonies as he . . . judged to be authentic. Paley.\n\n1. To teach; to school. [Obs.] I am finely documented by my own daughter. Dryden. 2. To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts or give information; as, a a ship should be documented according to the directions of law.", - "dod": "To cut off, as wool from sheep's tails; to lop or clip off. Halliwell.", "dodder": "A plant of the genus Cuscuta. It is a leafless parasitical vine with yellowish threadlike stems. It attaches itself to some other plant, as to flax, goldenrod, etc., and decaying at the root. is nourished by the plant that supports it.\n\nTo shake, tremble, or totter. \"The doddering mast.\" Thomson.", "doddered": "Shattered; infirm. \"A laurel grew, doddered with age.\" Dryden.", "doddering": null, @@ -22815,12 +20245,9 @@ "dodgier": null, "dodgiest": null, "dodging": null, - "dodgson": null, "dodgy": null, "dodo": "A large, extinct bird (Didus ineptus), formerly inhabiting the Island of Mauritius. It had short, half-fledged wings, like those of the ostrich, and a short neck and legs; -- called also dronte. It was related to the pigeons.", - "dodoma": null, "dodos": "A large, extinct bird (Didus ineptus), formerly inhabiting the Island of Mauritius. It had short, half-fledged wings, like those of the ostrich, and a short neck and legs; -- called also dronte. It was related to the pigeons.", - "dodson": null, "doe": "A female deer or antelope; specifically, the female of the fallow deer, of which the male is called a buck. Also applied to the female of other animals, as the rabbit. See the Note under Buck.\n\nA feat. [Obs.] See Do, n. Hudibras.", "doer": "1. One who does; one performs or executes; one who is wont and ready to act; an actor; an agent. The doers of the law shall be justified. Rom. ii. 13. 2. (Scots Law) An agent or attorney; a factor. Burrill.", "doers": "1. One who does; one performs or executes; one who is wont and ready to act; an actor; an agent. The doers of the law shall be justified. Rom. ii. 13. 2. (Scots Law) An agent or attorney; a factor. Burrill.", @@ -22885,12 +20312,10 @@ "dogtrotting": null, "dogwood": "The Cornus, a genus of large shrubs or small trees, the wood of which is exceedingly hard, and serviceable for many purposes. Note: There are several species, one of which, Cornus mascula, called also cornelian cherry, bears a red acid berry. C. florida is the flowering dogwood, a small American tree with very showy blossoms. Dogwood tree. (a) The dogwood or Cornus. (b) A papilionaceous tree (Piscidia erythring) growing in Jamaica. It has narcotic properties; -- called also Jamaica dogwood.", "dogwoods": "The Cornus, a genus of large shrubs or small trees, the wood of which is exceedingly hard, and serviceable for many purposes. Note: There are several species, one of which, Cornus mascula, called also cornelian cherry, bears a red acid berry. C. florida is the flowering dogwood, a small American tree with very showy blossoms. Dogwood tree. (a) The dogwood or Cornus. (b) A papilionaceous tree (Piscidia erythring) growing in Jamaica. It has narcotic properties; -- called also Jamaica dogwood.", - "doha": null, "doilies": null, "doily": "1. A kind of woolen stuff. [Obs.] \"Some doily petticoats.\" Dryden. A fool and a doily stuff, would now and then find days of grace, and be worn for variety. Congreve. 2. A small napkin, used at table with the fruit, etc.; -- commonly colored and fringed.", "doing": "Anything done; a deed; an action good or bad; hence, in the plural, conduct; behavior. See Do. To render an account of his doings. Barrow.", "doings": "Anything done; a deed; an action good or bad; hence, in the plural, conduct; behavior. See Do. To render an account of his doings. Barrow.", - "dolby": null, "doldrums": "A part of the ocean near the equator, abounding in calms, squalls, and light, baffling winds, which sometimes prevent all progress for weeks; -- so called by sailors. To be in the doldrums, to be in a state of listlessness ennui, or tedium.", "dole": "grief; sorrow; lamentation. [Archaic] And she died. So that day there was dole in Astolat. Tennyson.\n\nSee Dolus.\n\n1. Distribution; dealing; apportionment. At her general dole, Each receives his ancient soul. Cleveland. 2. That which is dealt out; a part, share, or portion also, a scanty share or allowance. 3. Alms; charitable gratuity or portion. So sure the dole, so ready at their call, They stood prepared to see the manna fall. Dryden. Heaven has in store a precious dole. Keble. 4. A boundary; a landmark. Halliwell. 5. A void space left in tillage. [Prov. Eng.] Dole beer, beer bestowed as alms. [Obs.] -- Dole bread, bread bestowed as alms. [Obs.] -- Dole meadow, a meadow in which several persons have a common right or share.\n\nTo deal out in small portions; to distribute, as a dole; to deal out scantily or grudgingly. The supercilious condescension with which even his reputed friends doled out their praises to him. De Quincey.", "doled": null, @@ -22905,7 +20330,6 @@ "dolled": null, "dollhouse": null, "dollhouses": null, - "dollie": null, "dollies": null, "dolling": null, "dollop": null, @@ -22918,7 +20342,6 @@ "dolmens": "A cromlech. See Cromlech. [Written also tolmen.]", "dolomite": "A mineral consisting of the carbonate of lime and magnesia in varying proportions. It occurs in distinct crystals, and in extensive beds as a compact limestone, often crystalline granular, either white or clouded. It includes much of the common white marble. Also called bitter spar.", "dolor": "Pain; grief; distress; anguish. [Written also dolour.] [Poetic] Of death and dolor telling sad tidings. Spenser.", - "dolores": null, "dolorous": "1. Full of grief; sad; sorrowful; doleful; dismal; as, a dolorous object; dolorous discourses. You take me in too dolorous a sense; I spake to you for your comfort. Shak. 2. Occasioning pain or grief; painful. Their dispatch is quick, and less dolorous than the paw of the bear or teeth of the lion. Dr. H. More. -- Dol\"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Dol\"or*ous*ness, n.", "dolorously": null, "dolphin": "1. (Zool.) (a) A cetacean of the genus Delphinus and allied genera (esp. D. delphis); the true dolphin. (b) The Coryphæna hippuris, a fish of about five feet in length, celebrated for its surprising changes of color when dying. It is the fish commonly known as the dolphin. See Coryphænoid. Note: The dolphin of the ancients (D. delphis) is common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and attains a length of from six to eight feet. 2. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A mass of iron or lead hung from the yardarm, in readiness to be dropped on the deck of an enemy's vessel. 3. (Naut.) (a) A kind of wreath or strap of plaited cordage. (b) A spar or buoy held by an anchor and furnished with a ring to which ships may fasten their cables. R. H. Dana. (c) A mooring post on a wharf or beach. (d) A permanent fender around a heavy boat just below the gunwale. Ham. Nav. Encyc. 4. (Gun.) In old ordnance, one of the handles above the trunnions by which the gun was lifted. 5. (Astron.) A small constellation between Aquila and Pegasus. See Delphinus, n., 2. Dolphin fly (Zoöl.), the black, bean, or collier, Aphis (Aphis fable), destructive to beans. -- Dolphin striker (Naut.), a short vertical spar under the bowsprit.", @@ -22933,7 +20356,6 @@ "dome": "1. A building; a house; an edifice; -- used chiefly in poetry. Approach the dome, the social banquet share. Pope. 2. (Arch.) A cupola formed on a large scale. Note: \"The Italians apply the term il duomo to the principal church of a city, and the Germans call every cathedral church Dom; and it is supposed that the word in its present English sense has crept into use from the circumstance of such buildings being frequently surmounted by a cupola.\" Am. Cyc. 3. Any erection resembling the dome or cupola of a building; as the upper part of a furnace, the vertical steam chamber on the top of a boiler, etc. 4. (Crystallog.) A prism formed by planes parallel to a lateral axis which meet above in a horizontal edge, like the roof of a house; also, one of the planes of such a form. Note: If the plane is parallel to the longer diagonal (macrodiagonal) of the prism, it is called a macrodome; if parallel to the shorter (brachydiagonal), it is a brachydome; if parallel to the inclined diagonal in a monoclinic crystal, it is called a clinodome; if parallel to the orthodiagonal axis, an orthodome. Dana.\n\nDecision; judgment; opinion; a court decision. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "domed": "Furnished with a dome; shaped like a dome.", "domes": "1. A building; a house; an edifice; -- used chiefly in poetry. Approach the dome, the social banquet share. Pope. 2. (Arch.) A cupola formed on a large scale. Note: \"The Italians apply the term il duomo to the principal church of a city, and the Germans call every cathedral church Dom; and it is supposed that the word in its present English sense has crept into use from the circumstance of such buildings being frequently surmounted by a cupola.\" Am. Cyc. 3. Any erection resembling the dome or cupola of a building; as the upper part of a furnace, the vertical steam chamber on the top of a boiler, etc. 4. (Crystallog.) A prism formed by planes parallel to a lateral axis which meet above in a horizontal edge, like the roof of a house; also, one of the planes of such a form. Note: If the plane is parallel to the longer diagonal (macrodiagonal) of the prism, it is called a macrodome; if parallel to the shorter (brachydiagonal), it is a brachydome; if parallel to the inclined diagonal in a monoclinic crystal, it is called a clinodome; if parallel to the orthodiagonal axis, an orthodome. Dana.\n\nDecision; judgment; opinion; a court decision. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "domesday": "A day of judgment. See Doomsday. [Obs.] Domesday Book, the ancient record of the survey of most of the lands of England, made by order of William the Conqueror, about 1086. It consists of two volumes, a large folio and a quarto, and gives the proprietors' tenures, arable land, woodland, etc. [Written also Doomsday Book.]", "domestic": "1. Of or pertaining to one's house or home, or one's household or family; relating to home life; as, domestic concerns, life, duties, cares, happiness, worship, servants. His fortitude is the more extraordinary, because his domestic feelings were unusually strong. Macaulay. 4. Of or pertaining to a nation considered as a family or home, or to one's own country; intestine; not foreign; as, foreign wars and domestic dissensions. Shak. 3. Remaining much at home; devoted to home duties or pleasures; as, a domestic man or woman. 4. Living in or near the habitations of man; domesticated; tame as distinguished from wild; as, domestic animals. 5. Made in one's own house, nation, or country; as, domestic manufactures, wines, etc.\n\n1. One who lives in the family of an other, as hired household assistant; a house servant. The master labors and leads an anxious life, to secure plenty and ease to the domestic. V. Knox. 2. pl. (Com.) Articles of home manufacture, especially cotton goods. [U. S.]", "domestically": "In a domestic manner; privately; with reference to domestic affairs.", "domesticate": "1. To make domestic; to habituate to home life; as, to domesticate one's self. 2. To cause to be, as it were, of one's family or country; as, to domesticate a foreign custom or word. 3. To tame or reclaim from a wild state; as, to domesticate wild animals; to domesticate a plant.", @@ -22965,58 +20387,35 @@ "domineeringly": null, "domineers": "To rule with insolence or arbitrary sway; to play the master; to be overbearing; to tyrannize; to bluster; to swell with conscious superiority or haughtiness; -- often with over; as, to domineer over dependents. Go to the feast, revel and domineer. Shak. His wishes tend abroad to roam, And hers to domineer at home. Prior.", "doming": null, - "domingo": null, - "dominguez": null, - "dominic": null, - "dominica": null, - "dominican": "Of or pertaining to St. Dominic (Dominic de Guzman), or to the religions communities named from him. Dominican nuns, an order of nuns founded by St. Dominic, and chiefly employed in teaching. -- Dominican tertiaries (the third order of St. Dominic). See Tertiary.\n\nOne of an order of mendicant monks founded by Dominic de Guzman, in 1215. A province of the order was established in England in 1221. The first foundation in the United States was made in 1807. The Master of the Sacred Palace at Rome is always a Dominican friar. The Dominicans are called also preaching friars, friars preachers, black friars (from their black cloak), brothers of St. Mary, and in France, Jacobins.", - "dominicans": "Of or pertaining to St. Dominic (Dominic de Guzman), or to the religions communities named from him. Dominican nuns, an order of nuns founded by St. Dominic, and chiefly employed in teaching. -- Dominican tertiaries (the third order of St. Dominic). See Tertiary.\n\nOne of an order of mendicant monks founded by Dominic de Guzman, in 1215. A province of the order was established in England in 1221. The first foundation in the United States was made in 1807. The Master of the Sacred Palace at Rome is always a Dominican friar. The Dominicans are called also preaching friars, friars preachers, black friars (from their black cloak), brothers of St. Mary, and in France, Jacobins.", - "dominick": null, "dominion": "1. Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and controlling; independent right of possession, use, and control; sovereignty; supremacy. I praised and honored him that liveth forever, whose dominion is an everlasting dominion. Dan. iv. 34. To choose between dominion or slavery. Jowett (Thucyd. ). 2. Superior prominence; predominance; ascendency. Objects placed foremost ought . . . have dominion over things confused and transient. Dryden. 3. That which is governed; territory over which authority is exercised; the tract, district, or county, considered as subject; as, the dominions of a king. Also used figuratively; as, the dominion of the passions. 4. pl. A supposed high order of angels; dominations. See Domination, 3. Milton. By him were all things created . . . whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers. Col. i. 16. Syn. -- Sovereignty; control; rule; authority; jurisdiction; government; territory; district; region.", "dominions": "1. Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and controlling; independent right of possession, use, and control; sovereignty; supremacy. I praised and honored him that liveth forever, whose dominion is an everlasting dominion. Dan. iv. 34. To choose between dominion or slavery. Jowett (Thucyd. ). 2. Superior prominence; predominance; ascendency. Objects placed foremost ought . . . have dominion over things confused and transient. Dryden. 3. That which is governed; territory over which authority is exercised; the tract, district, or county, considered as subject; as, the dominions of a king. Also used figuratively; as, the dominion of the passions. 4. pl. A supposed high order of angels; dominations. See Domination, 3. Milton. By him were all things created . . . whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers. Col. i. 16. Syn. -- Sovereignty; control; rule; authority; jurisdiction; government; territory; district; region.", - "dominique": null, "domino": "1. A kind of hood worn by the canons of a cathedral church; a sort of amice. Kersey. 2. A mourning veil formerly worn by women. 3. A kind of mask; particularly, a half mask worn at masquerades, to conceal the upper part of the face. Dominos were formerly worn by ladies in traveling. 4. A costume worn as a disguise at masquerades, consisting of a robe with a hood adjustable at pleasure. 5. A person wearing a domino. 6. pl. A game played by two or more persons, with twenty-eight pieces of wood, bone, or ivory, of a flat, oblong shape, plain at the back, but on the face divided by a line in the middle, and either left blank or variously dotted after the manner of dice. The game is played by matching the spots or the blank of an unmatched half of a domino already played Hoyle. 7. One of the pieces with which the game of dominoes is played. Hoyle. fall like dominoes. To fall sequentially, as when one object in a line, by falling against the next object, causes it in turn to fall, and that second object causes a third to fall, etc.; the process can be repeated an indefinite number of times. Derived from an entertainment using dominoes arranged in a row, each standing on edge and therefore easily knocked over; when the first is made to fall against the next, it starts a sequence which ends when all have fallen. For amusement, people have arranged such sequences involving thousands of dominoes, arrayed in fanciful patterns. Domino theory. A political theory current in the 1960's, according to which the conversion of one country in South Asia to communism will start a sequential process causing all Asian countries to convert to Communism. The apparent assumption was that an Asian country with a Western orientation was as politically unstable as a domino standing on edge. Used by some as a justification for American involvement in the Vietnam war, 1964-1972.", "dominoes": null, - "domitian": null, "don": "1. Sir; Mr; Signior; -- a title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. Don is used in Italy, though not so much as in Spain France talks of Dom Calmet, England of Dom Calmet, England of Dan Lydgate. Oliphant. 2. A grand personage, or one making pretension to consequence; especially, the head of a college, or one of the fellows at the English universities. [Univ. Cant] \"The great dons of wit.\" Dryden.\n\nTo put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with. Should I don this robe and trouble you. Shak. At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.", "dona": "Lady; mistress; madam; -- a title of respect used in Spain, prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.", - "donahue": null, - "donald": null, - "donaldson": null, "donas": "Lady; mistress; madam; -- a title of respect used in Spain, prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.", "donate": "To give; to bestow; to present; as, to donate fifty thousand dollars to a college.", "donated": null, - "donatello": null, "donates": "To give; to bestow; to present; as, to donate fifty thousand dollars to a college.", "donating": null, "donation": "1. The act of giving or bestowing; a grant. After donation there an absolute change and alienation of the property of the thing given. South. 2. That which is given as a present; that which is transferred to another gratuitously; a gift. And some donation freely to estate On the bless'd lovers. Shak. 3. (Law) The act or contract by which a person voluntarily transfers the title to a thing of which be is the owner, from himself to another, without any consideration, as a free gift. Bouvier. Donation party, a party assembled at the house of some one, as of a clergyman, each one bringing some present. [U.S.] Bartlett. Syn. -- Gift; present; benefaction; grant. See Gift.", "donations": "1. The act of giving or bestowing; a grant. After donation there an absolute change and alienation of the property of the thing given. South. 2. That which is given as a present; that which is transferred to another gratuitously; a gift. And some donation freely to estate On the bless'd lovers. Shak. 3. (Law) The act or contract by which a person voluntarily transfers the title to a thing of which be is the owner, from himself to another, without any consideration, as a free gift. Bouvier. Donation party, a party assembled at the house of some one, as of a clergyman, each one bringing some present. [U.S.] Bartlett. Syn. -- Gift; present; benefaction; grant. See Gift.", "done": "p. p. from Do, and formerly the infinitive. 1. Performed; executed; finished. 2. It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used elliptically. Done brown, a phrase in cookery; applied figuratively to one who has been thoroughly deceived, cheated, or fooled. [Colloq.] -- Done for, tired out; used up; collapsed; destroyed; dead; killed. [Colloq.] -- Done up. (a) Wrapped up. (b) Worn out; exhausted. [Colloq.]\n\nGiven; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act.", - "donetsk": null, "dong": null, "donged": null, "donging": null, "dongle": null, "dongles": null, "dongs": null, - "donizetti": null, "donkey": "1. An ass; or (less frequently) a mule. 2. A stupid or obstinate fellow; an ass. Donkey engine, a small auxiliary engine not used for propelling, but for pumping water into the boilers, raising heavy weights, and like purposes. -- Donkey pump, a steam pump for feeding boilers, extinguishing fire, etc.; -- usually an auxiliary. -- Donkey's eye (Bot.), the large round seed of the Mucuna pruriens, a tropical leguminous plant.", "donkeys": "1. An ass; or (less frequently) a mule. 2. A stupid or obstinate fellow; an ass. Donkey engine, a small auxiliary engine not used for propelling, but for pumping water into the boilers, raising heavy weights, and like purposes. -- Donkey pump, a steam pump for feeding boilers, extinguishing fire, etc.; -- usually an auxiliary. -- Donkey's eye (Bot.), the large round seed of the Mucuna pruriens, a tropical leguminous plant.", - "donn": null, - "donna": "A lady; madam; mistress; -- the title given a lady in Italy.", - "donne": null, "donned": null, - "donnell": null, - "donner": null, - "donnie": null, "donning": null, "donnish": null, - "donny": null, "donnybrook": null, "donnybrooks": null, "donor": "1. One who gives or bestows; one who confers anything gratuitously; a benefactor. 2. (Law) One who grants an estate; in later use, one who confers a power; -- the opposite of donee. Kent. Touching, the parties unto deeds and charters, we are to consider as well the donors and granters as the donees or grantees. Spelman.", "donors": "1. One who gives or bestows; one who confers anything gratuitously; a benefactor. 2. (Law) One who grants an estate; in later use, one who confers a power; -- the opposite of donee. Kent. Touching, the parties unto deeds and charters, we are to consider as well the donors and granters as the donees or grantees. Spelman.", - "donovan": null, "dons": "1. Sir; Mr; Signior; -- a title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. Don is used in Italy, though not so much as in Spain France talks of Dom Calmet, England of Dom Calmet, England of Dan Lydgate. Oliphant. 2. A grand personage, or one making pretension to consequence; especially, the head of a college, or one of the fellows at the English universities. [Univ. Cant] \"The great dons of wit.\" Dryden.\n\nTo put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with. Should I don this robe and trouble you. Shak. At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.", "donuts": null, "doodad": null, @@ -23034,8 +20433,6 @@ "doohickey": null, "doohickeys": null, "doolally": null, - "dooley": null, - "doolittle": null, "doom": "1. Judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation. The first dooms of London provide especially the recovery of cattle belonging to the citizens. J. R. Green. Now against himself he sounds this doom. Shak. 2. That to which one is doomed or sentenced; destiny or fate, esp. unhappy destiny; penalty. Ere Hector meets his doom. Pope. And homely household task shall be her doom. Dryden. 3. Ruin; death. This is the day of doom for Bassianus. Shak. 4. Discriminating opinion or judgment; discrimination; discernment; decision. [Obs.] And there he learned of things and haps to come, To give foreknowledge true, and certain doom. Fairfax. Syn. -- Sentence; condemnation; decree; fate; destiny; lot; ruin; destruction.\n\n1. To judge; to estimate or determine as a judge. [Obs.] Milton. 2. To pronounce sentence or judgment on; to condemn; to consign by a decree or sentence; to sentence; as, a criminal doomed to chains or death. Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls. Dryden. 3. To ordain as penalty; hence, to mulct or fine. Have I tongue to doom my brother's death Shak. 4. To assess a tax upon, by estimate or at discretion. [New England] J. Pickering. 5. To destine; to fix irrevocably the destiny or fate of; to appoint, as by decree or by fate. A man of genius . . . doomed to struggle with difficulties. Macaulay.", "doomed": null, "dooming": null, @@ -23045,7 +20442,6 @@ "doomsday": "1. A day of sentence or condemnation; day of death. \"My body's doomsday.\" Shak. 2. The day of the final judgment. I could not tell till doomsday. Chaucer. Doomsday Book. See Domesday Book.", "doomster": "Same as Dempster. [Scot.]", "doomsters": "Same as Dempster. [Scot.]", - "doonesbury": null, "door": "1. An opening in the wall of a house or of an apartment, by which to go in and out; an entrance way. To the same end, men several paths may tread, As many doors into one temple lead. Denham. 2. The frame or barrier of boards, or other material, usually turning on hinges, by which an entrance way into a house or apartment is closed and opened. At last he came unto an iron door That fast was locked. Spenser. 3. Passage; means of approach or access. I am the door; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved. John x. 9. 4. An entrance way, but taken in the sense of the house or apartment to which it leads. Martin's office is now the second door in the street. Arbuthnot. Blank door, Blind door, etc. (Arch.) See under Blank, Blind, etc. -- In doors, or Within doors, within the house. -- Next door to, near to; bordering on. A riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult. L'Estrange. -- Out of doors, or Without doors, and, colloquially, Out doors, out of the house; in open air; abroad; away; lost. His imaginary title of fatherhood is out of doors. Locke. -- To lay (a fault, misfortune, etc.) at one's door, to charge one with a fault; to blame for. -- To lie at one's door, to be imputable or chargeable to. If I have failed, the fault lies wholly at my door. Dryden. Note: Door is used in an adjectival construction or as the first part of a compound (with or without the hyphen), as, door frame, doorbell or door bell, door knob or doorknob, door latch or doorlatch, door jamb, door handle, door mat, door panel.", "doorbell": null, "doorbells": null, @@ -23090,15 +20486,7 @@ "doping": null, "doppelganger": "A spiritual or ghostly double or counterpart; esp., an apparitional double of a living person; a cowalker.", "doppelgangers": "A spiritual or ghostly double or counterpart; esp., an apparitional double of a living person; a cowalker.", - "doppler": null, - "dora": null, - "dorcas": null, - "doreen": null, - "dorian": "1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks of Doris; Doric; as, a Dorian fashion. 2. (Mus.) Same as Doric, 3. \"Dorian mood.\" Milton. Dorian mode (Mus.), the first of the authentic church modes or tones, from D to D, resembling our D minor scale, but with the B natural. Grove.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Doris in Greece.", - "doric": "1. Pertaining to Doris, in ancient Greece, or to the Dorians; as, the Doric dialect. 2. (Arch.) Belonging to, or resembling, the oldest and simplest of the three orders of architecture used by the Greeks, but ranked as second of the five orders adopted by the Romans. See Abacus, Capital, Order. Note: This order is distinguished, according to the treatment of details, as Grecian Doric, or Roman Doric. 3. (Mus.) Of or relating to one of the ancient Greek musical modes or keys. Its character was adapted both to religions occasions and to war.\n\nThe Doric dialect.", "dories": null, - "doris": "A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks having a wreath of branchiæ on the back.", - "doritos": null, "dork": null, "dorkier": null, "dorkiest": null, @@ -23114,14 +20502,8 @@ "dormitory": "1. A sleeping room, or a building containing a series of sleeping rooms; a sleeping apartment capable of containing many beds; esp., one connected with a college or boarding school. Thackeray. 2. A burial place. [Obs.] Ayliffe. My sister was interred in a very honorable manner in our dormitory, joining to the parish church. Evelyn.", "dormouse": "A small European rodent of the genus Myoxus, of several species. They live in trees and feed on nuts, acorns, etc.; -- so called because they are usually torpid in winter.", "dorms": null, - "dorothea": null, - "dorothy": null, "dorsal": "1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the back, or dorsum, of an animal or of one of its parts; notal; tergal; neural; as, the dorsal fin of a fish; the dorsal artery of the tongue; -- opposed to ventral. 2. (Bot.) (a) Pertaining to the surface naturally inferior, as of a leaf. (b) Pertaining to the surface naturally superior, as of a creeping hepatic moss. Dorsal vessel (Zoöl.), a central pulsating blood vessel along the back of insects, acting as a heart.\n\nA hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, or of an altar, or in any similar position.", "dorsally": "On, or toward, the dorsum, or back; on the dorsal side of; dorsad.", - "dorset": null, - "dorsey": null, - "dorthy": null, - "dortmund": null, "dory": "1. (Zoöl.) A European fish. See Doree, and John Doree. 2. (Zoöl.) The American wall-eyed perch; -- called also doré. See Pike perch.\n\nA small, strong, flat-bottomed rowboat, with sharp prow and flaring sides.", "dos": "A syllable attached to the first tone of the major diatonic scale for the purpose of solmization, or solfeggio. It is the first of the seven syllables used by the Italians as manes of musical tones, and replaced, for the sake of euphony, the syllable Ut, applied to the note C. In England and America the same syllables are used by mane as a scale pattern, while the tones in respect to absolute pitch are named from the first seven letters of the alphabet.\n\n1. To place; to put. [Obs.] Tale of a Usurer (about 1330). 2. To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive. [Obs.] My lord Abbot of Westminster did do shewe to me late certain evidences. W. Caxton. I shall . . . your cloister do make. Piers Plowman. A fatal plague which many did to die. Spenser. We do you to wit [i. e., We make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1. Note: We have lost the idiom shown by the citations (do used like the French faire or laisser), in which the verb in the infinitive apparently, but not really, has a passive signification, i. e., cause . . . to be made. 3. To bring about; to produce, as an effect or result; to effect; to achieve. The neglecting it may do much danger. Shak. He waved indifferently' twixt doing them neither good not harm. Shak. 4. To perform, as an action; to execute; to transact to carry out in action; as, to do a good or a bad act; do our duty; to do what I can. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work. Ex. xx. 9. We did not do these things. Ld. Lytton. You can not do wrong without suffering wrong. Emerson. Hence: To do homage, honor, favor, justice, etc., to render homage, honor, etc. 5. To bring to an end by action; to perform completely; to finish; to accomplish; -- a sense conveyed by the construction, which is that of the past participle done. \"Ere summer half be done.\" \"I have done weeping.\" Shak. 6. To make ready for an object, purpose, or use, as food by cooking; to cook completely or sufficiently; as, the meat is done on one side only. 7. To put or bring into a form, state, or condition, especially in the phrases, to do death, to put to death; to slay; to do away (often do away with), to put away; to remove; to do on, to put on; to don; to do off, to take off, as dress; to doff; to do into, to put into the form of; to translate or transform into, as a text. Done to death by slanderous tongues. Shak. The ground of the difficulty is done away. Paley. Suspicions regarding his loyalty were entirely done away. Thackeray. To do on our own harness, that we may not; but we must do on the armor of God. Latimer. Then Jason rose and did on him a fair Blue woolen tunic. W. Morris (Jason). Though the former legal pollution be now done off, yet there is a spiritual contagion in idolatry as much to be shunned. Milton. It [\"Pilgrim's Progress\"] has been done into verse: it has been done into modern English. Macaulay. 8. To cheat; to gull; to overreach. [Colloq.] He was not be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent. De Quincey. 9. To see or inspect; to explore; as, to do all the points of interest. [Colloq.] 10. (Stock Exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note. Note: (a) Do and did are much employed as auxiliaries, the verb to which they are joined being an infinitive. As an auxiliary the verb do has no participle. \"I do set my bow in the cloud.\" Gen. ix. 13. [Now archaic or rare except for emphatic assertion.] Rarely . . . did the wrongs of individuals to the knowledge of the public. Macaulay. (b) They are often used in emphatic construction. \"You don't say so, Mr. Jobson. -- but I do say so.\" Sir W. Scott. \"I did love him, but scorn him now.\" Latham. (c) In negative and interrogative constructions, do and did are in common use. I do not wish to see them; what do you think Did Cæsar cross the Tiber He did not. \"Do you love me\" Shak. (d) Do, as an auxiliary, is supposed to have been first used before imperatives. It expresses entreaty or earnest request; as, do help me. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used with the verb to be; as, do be quiet. Do, did, and done often stand as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the repetition of the principal verb. \"To live and die is all we have to do.\" Denham. In the case of do and did as auxiliaries, the sense may be completed by the infinitive (without to) of the verb represented. \"When beauty lived and died as flowers do now.\" Shak. \"I . . . chose my wife as she did her wedding gown.\" Goldsmith. My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being. As the light does the shadow. Longfellow. In unemphatic affirmative sentences do is, for the most part, archaic or poetical; as, \"This just reproach their virtue does excite.\" Dryden. To do one's best, To do one's diligence (and the like), to exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent efforts. \"We will . . . do our best to gain their assent.\" Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. -- To do one shame, to cause one shame. [Obs.] -- To do over. (a) To make over; to perform a second time. (b) To cover; to spread; to smear. \"Boats . . . sewed together and done over with a kind of slimy stuff like rosin.\" De Foe. -- To do to death, to put to death. (See 7.) [Obs.] -- To do up. (a) To put up; to raise. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To pack together and envelop; to pack up. (c) To accomplish thoroughly. [Colloq.] (d) To starch and iron. \"A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff done up with the famous yellow starch.\" Hawthorne. -- To do way, to put away; to lay aside. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually preceded by what. \"Men are many times brought to that extremity, that were it not for God they would not know what to do with themselves.\" Tillotson. -- To have to do with, to have concern, business or intercourse with; to deal with. When preceded by what, the notion is usually implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the subject of have. \"Philology has to do with language in its fullest sense.\" Earle. \"What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah 2 Sam. xvi. 10.\n\n1. To act or behave in any manner; to conduct one's self. They fear not the Lord, neither do they after . . . the law and commandment. 2 Kings xvii. 34. 2. To fare; to be, as regards health; as, they asked him how he did; how do you do to-day 3. Etym: [Perh. a different word. OE. dugen, dowen, to avail, be of use, AS. dugan. See Doughty.] To succeed; to avail; to answer the purpose; to serve; as, if no better plan can be found, he will make this do. You would do well to prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the Conquest; and if that won't do; challenge the crown. Collier. To do by. See under By. -- To do for. (a) To answer for; to serve as; to suit. (b) To put an end to; to ruin; to baffle completely; as, a goblet is done for when it is broken. [Colloq.] Some folks are happy and easy in mind when their victim is stabbed and done for. Thackeray. -- To do withal, to help or prevent it. [Obs.] \"I could not do withal.\" Shak. -- To do without, to get along without; to dispense with. -- To have done, to have made an end or conclusion; to have finished; to be quit; to desist. -- To have done with, to have completed; to be through with; to have no further concern with. -- Well to do, in easy circumstances.\n\n1. Deed; act; fear. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott. 2. Ado; bustle; stir; to do. [R.] A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble. Selden. 3. A cheat; a swindle. [Slang, Eng.]", "dosage": "1. (Med.) The administration of medicine in doses; specif., a scheme or system of grading doses of medicine according to age, etc. 2. The process of adding some ingredient, as to wine, to give flavor, character, or strength.", @@ -23144,7 +20526,6 @@ "dossiers": "A bundle containing the papers in reference to some matter.", "dossing": null, "dost": "of Do.", - "dostoevsky": null, "dot": "A marriage portion; dowry. [Louisiana]\n\n1. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed instrument; a speck, or small mark. 2. Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen; as, a dot of a child.\n\n1. To mark with dots or small spots; as, to dot a line. 2. To mark or diversify with small detached objects; as, a landscape dotted with cottages.\n\nTo make dots or specks.", "dotage": "1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age; the childishness of old age; senility; as, a venerable man, now in his dotage. Capable of distinguishing between the infancy and the dotage of Greek literature. Macaulay. 2. Foolish utterance; drivel. The sapless dotages of old Paris and Salamanca. Milton. 3. Excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection. The dotage of the nation on presbytery. Bp. Burnet.", "dotard": "One whose mind is impaired by age; one in second childhood. The sickly dotard wants a wife. Prior.", @@ -23157,21 +20538,16 @@ "doters": "1. One who dotes; a man whose understanding is enfeebled by age; a dotard. Burton. 2. One excessively fond, or weak in love. Shak.", "dotes": "1. A marriage portion. [Obs.] See 1st Dot, n. Wyatt. 2. pl. Natural endowments. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\n1. To act foolishly. [Obs.] He wol make him doten anon right. Chaucer. 2. To be weak-minded, silly, or idiotic; to have the intellect impaired, especially by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers; to drivel. Time has made you dote, and vainly tell Of arms imagined in your lonely cell. Dryden. He survived the use of his reason, grew infatuated, and doted long before he died. South. 3. To be excessively or foolishly fond; to love to excess; to be weakly affectionate; -- with on or upon; as, the mother dotes on her child. Sing, siren, for thyself, and I will dote. Shak. What dust we dote on, when 't is man we love. Pope.\n\nAn imbecile; a dotard. Halliwell.", "doth": "of Do.", - "dothan": null, "doting": "That dotes; silly; excessively fond. -- Dot\"ing*ly, adv. -- Dot\"ing*ness, n.", "dotingly": null, "dots": "A marriage portion; dowry. [Louisiana]\n\n1. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed instrument; a speck, or small mark. 2. Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen; as, a dot of a child.\n\n1. To mark with dots or small spots; as, to dot a line. 2. To mark or diversify with small detached objects; as, a landscape dotted with cottages.\n\nTo make dots or specks.", - "dotson": null, "dotted": "Marked with, or made of, dots or small spots; diversified with small, detached objects. Dotted note (Mus.), a note followed by a dot to indicate an increase of length equal to one half of its simple value; thus, a dotted semibreve is equal to three minims, and a dotted quarter to three eighth notes. -- Dotted rest, a rest lengthened by a dot in the same manner as a dotted note. Note: Notes and rests are sometimes followed by two dots, to indicate an increase of length equal to three quarters of their simple value, and they are then said to be double-dotted.", "dottier": null, "dottiest": null, "dotting": null, "dotty": "1. Composed of, or characterized by, dots. 2. [Perh. a different word; cf. Totty.] Unsteady in gait; hence, feeble; half-witted. [Eng.]", - "douala": null, - "douay": null, "double": "1. Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent; made twice as large or as much, etc. Let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me. 2 Kings ii. 9. Darkness and tempest make a double night. Dryden. 2. Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set together; coupled. [Let] The swan, on still St. Mary's lake, Float double, swan and shadow. Wordsworth. 3. Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the other secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere. With a double heart do they speak. Ps. xii. 2. 4. (Bot.) Having the petals in a flower considerably increased beyond the natural number, usually as the result of cultivation and the expense of the stamens, or stamens and pistils. The white water lily and some other plants have their blossoms naturally double. Note: Double is often used as the first part of a compound word, generally denoting two ways, or twice the number, quantity, force, etc., twofold, or having two. Double base, or Double bass (Mus.), the largest and lowest-toned instrument in the violin form; the contrabasso or violone. -- Double convex. See under Convex. -- Double counterpoint (Mus.), that species of counterpoint or composition, in which two of the parts may be inverted, by setting one of them an octave higher or lower. -- Double court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for four players, two on each side. -- Double dagger (Print.), a reference mark (||) next to the dagger (|) in order; a diesis. -- Double drum (Mus.), a large drum that is beaten at both ends. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States having the value of 20 dollars. -- Double entry. See under Bookkeeping. -- Double floor (Arch.), a floor in which binding joists support flooring joists above and ceiling joists below. See Illust. of Double-framed floor. -- Double flower. See Double, a., 4. -- Double-framed floor (Arch.), a double floor having girders into which the binding joists are framed. -- Double fugue (Mus.), a fugue on two subjects. -- Double letter. (a) (Print.) Two letters on one shank; a ligature. (b) A mail requiring double postage. -- Double note (Mus.), a note of double the length of the semibreve; a breve. See Breve. -- Double octave (Mus.), an interval composed of two octaves, or fifteen notes, in diatonic progression; a fifteenth. -- Double pica. See under Pica. -- Double play (Baseball), a play by which two players are put out at the same time. -- Double plea (Law), a plea alleging several matters in answer to the declaration, where either of such matters alone would be a sufficient bar to the action. Stephen. -- Double point (Geom.), a point of a curve at which two branches cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of a curve are called double points, since they possess most of the properties of double points (see Conjugate). They are also called acnodes, and those points where the branches of the curve really cross are called crunodes. The extremity of a cusp is also a double point. -- Double quarrel. (Eccl. Law) See Duplex querela, under Duplex. -- Double refraction. (Opt.) See Refraction. -- Double salt. (Chem.) (a) A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which has been saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the double carbonate of sodium and potassium, NaKCO3.6H2O. (b) A molecular combination of two distinct salts, as common alum, which consists of the sulphate of aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium or ammonium. -- Double shuffle, a low, noisy dance. -- Double standard (Polit. Econ.), a double standard of monetary values; i. e., a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are made legal tender. -- Double star (Astron.), two stars so near to each other as to be seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such stars may be only optically near to each other, or may be physically connected so that they revolve round their common center of gravity, and in the latter case are called also binary stars. -- Double time (Mil.). Same as Double-quick. -- Double window, a window having two sets of glazed sashes with an air space between them.\n\nTwice; doubly. I was double their age. Swift.\n\n1. To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; to double a sum of money; to double a number, or length. Double six thousand, and then treble that. Shak. 2. To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; as, to double the leaf of a book, and the like; to clinch, as the fist; -- often followed by up; as, to double up a sheet of paper or cloth. Prior. Then the old man Was wroth, and doubled up his hands. Tennyson. 3. To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as. Thus reënforced, against the adverse fleet, Still doubling ours, brave Rupert leads the way. Dryden. 4. To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the direction of motion. Sailing along the coast, the doubled the promontory of Carthage. Knolles. 5. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.\n\n1. To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or value; to increase or grow to twice as much. 'T is observed in particular nations, that within the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men doubles. T. Burnet. 2. To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same ground, or in an opposite direction. Doubling and turning like a hunted hare. Dryden. Doubling and doubling with laborious walk. Wordsworth. 3. To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false. What penalty and danger you accrue, If you be found to double. J. Webster. 4. (Print.) To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a doublet. To double upon (Mil.), to inclose between two fires.\n\n1. Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and the like. If the thief be found, let him pay double. Ex. xxii. 7. 2. Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet, 2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred. 3. That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold. Rolled up in sevenfold double Of plagues. Marston. 4. A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a shift; an artifice. These men are too well acquainted with the chase to be flung off by any false steps or doubles. Addison. 5. Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a counterpart. Hence, a wraith. My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, a double, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him. Atlantic Monthly. 6. A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player in his absence; a substitute. 7. Double beer; strong beer. 8. (Eccl.) A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice, before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts. Shipley. 9. (Lawn Tennis) A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for doubles. 10. (Mus.) An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.", "doubled": null, - "doubleday": null, "doubleheader": null, "doubleheaders": null, "doubles": "1. Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent; made twice as large or as much, etc. Let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me. 2 Kings ii. 9. Darkness and tempest make a double night. Dryden. 2. Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set together; coupled. [Let] The swan, on still St. Mary's lake, Float double, swan and shadow. Wordsworth. 3. Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the other secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere. With a double heart do they speak. Ps. xii. 2. 4. (Bot.) Having the petals in a flower considerably increased beyond the natural number, usually as the result of cultivation and the expense of the stamens, or stamens and pistils. The white water lily and some other plants have their blossoms naturally double. Note: Double is often used as the first part of a compound word, generally denoting two ways, or twice the number, quantity, force, etc., twofold, or having two. Double base, or Double bass (Mus.), the largest and lowest-toned instrument in the violin form; the contrabasso or violone. -- Double convex. See under Convex. -- Double counterpoint (Mus.), that species of counterpoint or composition, in which two of the parts may be inverted, by setting one of them an octave higher or lower. -- Double court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for four players, two on each side. -- Double dagger (Print.), a reference mark (||) next to the dagger (|) in order; a diesis. -- Double drum (Mus.), a large drum that is beaten at both ends. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States having the value of 20 dollars. -- Double entry. See under Bookkeeping. -- Double floor (Arch.), a floor in which binding joists support flooring joists above and ceiling joists below. See Illust. of Double-framed floor. -- Double flower. See Double, a., 4. -- Double-framed floor (Arch.), a double floor having girders into which the binding joists are framed. -- Double fugue (Mus.), a fugue on two subjects. -- Double letter. (a) (Print.) Two letters on one shank; a ligature. (b) A mail requiring double postage. -- Double note (Mus.), a note of double the length of the semibreve; a breve. See Breve. -- Double octave (Mus.), an interval composed of two octaves, or fifteen notes, in diatonic progression; a fifteenth. -- Double pica. See under Pica. -- Double play (Baseball), a play by which two players are put out at the same time. -- Double plea (Law), a plea alleging several matters in answer to the declaration, where either of such matters alone would be a sufficient bar to the action. Stephen. -- Double point (Geom.), a point of a curve at which two branches cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of a curve are called double points, since they possess most of the properties of double points (see Conjugate). They are also called acnodes, and those points where the branches of the curve really cross are called crunodes. The extremity of a cusp is also a double point. -- Double quarrel. (Eccl. Law) See Duplex querela, under Duplex. -- Double refraction. (Opt.) See Refraction. -- Double salt. (Chem.) (a) A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which has been saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the double carbonate of sodium and potassium, NaKCO3.6H2O. (b) A molecular combination of two distinct salts, as common alum, which consists of the sulphate of aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium or ammonium. -- Double shuffle, a low, noisy dance. -- Double standard (Polit. Econ.), a double standard of monetary values; i. e., a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are made legal tender. -- Double star (Astron.), two stars so near to each other as to be seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such stars may be only optically near to each other, or may be physically connected so that they revolve round their common center of gravity, and in the latter case are called also binary stars. -- Double time (Mil.). Same as Double-quick. -- Double window, a window having two sets of glazed sashes with an air space between them.\n\nTwice; doubly. I was double their age. Swift.\n\n1. To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; to double a sum of money; to double a number, or length. Double six thousand, and then treble that. Shak. 2. To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; as, to double the leaf of a book, and the like; to clinch, as the fist; -- often followed by up; as, to double up a sheet of paper or cloth. Prior. Then the old man Was wroth, and doubled up his hands. Tennyson. 3. To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as. Thus reënforced, against the adverse fleet, Still doubling ours, brave Rupert leads the way. Dryden. 4. To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the direction of motion. Sailing along the coast, the doubled the promontory of Carthage. Knolles. 5. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.\n\n1. To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or value; to increase or grow to twice as much. 'T is observed in particular nations, that within the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men doubles. T. Burnet. 2. To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same ground, or in an opposite direction. Doubling and turning like a hunted hare. Dryden. Doubling and doubling with laborious walk. Wordsworth. 3. To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false. What penalty and danger you accrue, If you be found to double. J. Webster. 4. (Print.) To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a doublet. To double upon (Mil.), to inclose between two fires.\n\n1. Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and the like. If the thief be found, let him pay double. Ex. xxii. 7. 2. Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet, 2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred. 3. That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold. Rolled up in sevenfold double Of plagues. Marston. 4. A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a shift; an artifice. These men are too well acquainted with the chase to be flung off by any false steps or doubles. Addison. 5. Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a counterpart. Hence, a wraith. My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, a double, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him. Atlantic Monthly. 6. A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player in his absence; a substitute. 7. Double beer; strong beer. 8. (Eccl.) A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice, before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts. Shipley. 9. (Lawn Tennis) A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for doubles. 10. (Mus.) An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.", @@ -23198,7 +20574,6 @@ "douched": null, "douches": "1. A jet or current of water or vapor directed upon some part of the body to benefit it medicinally; a douche bath. 2. (Med.) A syringe.", "douching": null, - "doug": null, "dough": "1. Paste of bread; a soft mass of moistened flour or meal, kneaded or unkneaded, but not yet baked; as, to knead dough. 2. Anything of the consistency of such paste. To have one's cake dough. See under Cake.", "doughier": null, "doughiest": null, @@ -23208,14 +20583,11 @@ "doughtiest": null, "doughty": "Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero. Sir Thopas wex [grew] a doughty swain. Chaucer. Doughty families, hugging old musty quarrels to their hearts, buffet each other from generation to generation. Motley. Note: Now seldom used, except in irony or burlesque.", "doughy": "Like dough; soft and heavy; pasty; crude; flabby and pale; as, a doughy complexion.", - "douglas": null, - "douglass": null, "dour": "Hard; inflexible; obstinate; sour in aspect; hardy; bold. [Scot.] A dour wife, a sour old carlin. C. Reade.", "dourer": null, "dourest": null, "dourly": null, "dourness": null, - "douro": null, "douse": "1. To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse; to dowse. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. (Naut.) To strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly; as, douse the topsail.\n\nTo fall suddenly into water. Hudibras.\n\nTo put out; to extinguish. [Slang] \" To douse the glim.\" Sir W. Scott.", "doused": null, "douses": "1. To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse; to dowse. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. (Naut.) To strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly; as, douse the topsail.\n\nTo fall suddenly into water. Hudibras.\n\nTo put out; to extinguish. [Slang] \" To douse the glim.\" Sir W. Scott.", @@ -23225,14 +20597,12 @@ "dovecote": "A small house or box, raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments, in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house. Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli. Shak.", "dovecotes": "A small house or box, raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments, in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house. Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli. Shak.", "dovecots": "A small house or box, raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments, in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house. Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli. Shak.", - "dover": null, "doves": "1. (Zoöl.) A pigeon of the genus Columba and various related genera. The species are numerous. Note: The domestic dove, including the varieties called fantails, tumblers, carrier pigeons, etc., was derived from the rock pigeon (Columba livia) of Europe and Asia; the turtledove of Europe, celebrated for its sweet, plaintive note, is C. turtur or Turtur vulgaris; the ringdove, the largest of European species, is C. palumbus; the Carolina dove, or Mourning dove, is Zenaidura macroura; the sea dove is the little auk (Mergulus alle or Alle alle). See Turtledove, Ground dove, and Rock pigeon. The dove is a symbol of innocence, gentleness, and affection; also, in art and in the Scriptures, the typical symbol of the Holy Ghost. 2. A word of endearment for one regarded as pure and gentle. O my dove, . . . let me hear thy voice. Cant. ii. 14. Dove tick (Zoöl.), a mite (Argas reflexus) which infests doves and other birds. -- Soiled dove, a prostitute. [Slang]", "dovetail": "A flaring tenon, or tongue (shaped like a bird's tail spread), and a mortise, or socket, into which it fits tightly, making an interlocking joint between two pieces which resists pulling a part in all directions except one. Dovetail molding (Arch.), a molding of any convex section arranged in a sort of zigzag, like a series of dovetails. -- Dovetail saw (Carp.), a saw used in dovetailing.\n\n1. (Carp.) (a) To cut to a dovetail. (b) To join by means of dovetails. 2. To fit in or connect strongly, skillfully, or nicely; to fit ingeniously or complexly. He put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and whimsically dovetailed . . . that it was indeed a very curious show. Burke.", "dovetailed": null, "dovetailing": null, "dovetails": "A flaring tenon, or tongue (shaped like a bird's tail spread), and a mortise, or socket, into which it fits tightly, making an interlocking joint between two pieces which resists pulling a part in all directions except one. Dovetail molding (Arch.), a molding of any convex section arranged in a sort of zigzag, like a series of dovetails. -- Dovetail saw (Carp.), a saw used in dovetailing.\n\n1. (Carp.) (a) To cut to a dovetail. (b) To join by means of dovetails. 2. To fit in or connect strongly, skillfully, or nicely; to fit ingeniously or complexly. He put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and whimsically dovetailed . . . that it was indeed a very curious show. Burke.", "dovish": "Like a dove; harmless; innocent. \"Joined with dovish simplicity.\" Latimer.", - "dow": "A kind of vessel. See Dhow.\n\nTo furnish with a dower; to endow. [Obs.] Wyclif.", "dowager": "1. (Eng. Law) A widow endowed, or having a jointure; a widow who either enjoys a dower from her deceased husband, or has property of her own brought by her to her husband on marriage, and settled on her after his decease. Blount. Burrill. 2. A title given in England to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her husband's heir bearing the same name; -- chiefly applied to widows of personages of rank. With prudes for proctors, dowagers for deans. Tennyson. Queen dowager, the widow of a king.", "dowagers": "1. (Eng. Law) A widow endowed, or having a jointure; a widow who either enjoys a dower from her deceased husband, or has property of her own brought by her to her husband on marriage, and settled on her after his decease. Blount. Burrill. 2. A title given in England to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her husband's heir bearing the same name; -- chiefly applied to widows of personages of rank. With prudes for proctors, dowagers for deans. Tennyson. Queen dowager, the widow of a king.", "dowdier": null, @@ -23335,7 +20705,6 @@ "doyenne": null, "doyennes": null, "doyens": "Lit., a dean; the senior member of a body or group; as, the doyen of French physicians. \"This doyen of newspapers.\" A. R. Colquhoun.", - "doyle": null, "doz": null, "doze": "To slumber; to sleep lightly; to be in a dull or stupefied condition, as if half asleep; to be drowsy. If he happened to doze a little, the jolly cobbler waked him. L'Estrange.\n\n1. To pass or spend in drowsiness; as, to doze away one's time. 2. To make dull; to stupefy. [Obs.] I was an hour . . . in casting up about twenty sums, being dozed with much work. Pepys. They left for a long time dozed and benumbed. South.\n\nA light sleep; a drowse. Tennyson.", "dozed": null, @@ -23349,11 +20718,8 @@ "doziness": "The state of being dozy; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.", "dozing": null, "dozy": "Drowsy; inclined to doze; sleepy; sluggish; as, a dozy head. Dryden.", - "dp": null, "dpi": null, - "dps": null, "dpt": null, - "dr": null, "drab": "1. A low, sluttish woman. King. 2. A lewd wench; a strumpet. Shak. 3. A wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans.\n\nTo associate with strumpets; to wench. Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun, or dull brownish yellow, or dull gray, color; -- called also drabcloth. 2. A dull brownish yellow or dull gray color.\n\nOf a color between gray and brown. -- n. A drab color.", "drabber": "One who associates with drabs; a wencher. Massinger.", "drabbest": null, @@ -23362,9 +20728,7 @@ "drabs": "1. A low, sluttish woman. King. 2. A lewd wench; a strumpet. Shak. 3. A wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans.\n\nTo associate with strumpets; to wench. Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun, or dull brownish yellow, or dull gray, color; -- called also drabcloth. 2. A dull brownish yellow or dull gray color.\n\nOf a color between gray and brown. -- n. A drab color.", "drachma": "1. A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value in different States and at different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents. 2. A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents. 3. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.", "drachmas": "1. A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value in different States and at different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents. 2. A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents. 3. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.", - "draco": "1. (Astron.) The Dragon, a northern constellation within which is the north pole of the ecliptic. 2. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds. 3. (Zoöl.) A genus of lizards. See Dragon, 6.", "draconian": "Pertaining to Draco, a famous lawgiver of Athens, 621 b. c. Draconian code, or Draconian laws, a code of laws made by Draco. Their measures were so severe that they were said to be written in letters of blood; hence, any laws of excessive rigor.", - "dracula": null, "draft": "1. Pertaining to, or used for, drawing or pulling (as vehicles, loads, etc.). Same as Draught. 2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air. Same as Draught. Note: The forms draft and draught, in the senses above-given, are both on approved use. Draft box, Draft engine, Draft horse, Draft net, Draft ox, Draft tube. Same as Draught box, Draught engine, etc. See under Draught.\n\n1. To draw the outline of; to delineate. 2. To compose and write; as, to draft a memorial. 3. To draw from a military band or post, or from any district, company, or society; to detach; to select. Some royal seminary in Upper Egypt, from whence they drafted novices to supply their colleges and temples. Holwell. 4. To transfer by draft. All her rents been drafted to London. Fielding.", "drafted": null, "draftee": null, @@ -23417,8 +20781,6 @@ "drakes": "1. The male of the duck kind. 2. Etym: [Cf. Dragon fly, under Dragon.] The drake fly. The drake will mount steeple height into the air. Walton. Drake fly, a kind of fly, sometimes used in angling. The dark drake fly, good in August. Walton.\n\n1. A dragon. [Obs.] Beowulf resolves to kill the drake. J. A. Harrison (Beowulf). 2. A small piece of artillery. [Obs.] Two or three shots, made at them by a couple of drakes, made them stagger. Clarendon.\n\nWild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also drawk, dravick, and drank. [Prov. Eng.] Dr. Prior.", "dram": "1. A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains. 2. A minute quantity; a mite. Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing. Milton. 3. As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison. Shak. 4. (Numis.) A Persian daric. Ezra ii. 69. Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm. See under Fluid.\n\nTo drink drams; to ply with drams. [Low] Johnson. Thackeray.", "drama": "1. A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage. A divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon. Milton. 2. A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and interest. \"The drama of war.\" Thackeray. Westward the course of empire takes its way; The four first acts already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day; Time's noblest offspring is the last. Berkeley. The drama and contrivances of God's providence. Sharp. 3. Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or illustrating it; dramatic literature. Note: The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, melodrama, operas, burlettas, and farces. The romantic drama, the kind of drama whose aim is to present a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by actors on the stage. J. A. Symonds.", - "dramamine": null, - "dramamines": null, "dramas": "1. A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage. A divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon. Milton. 2. A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and interest. \"The drama of war.\" Thackeray. Westward the course of empire takes its way; The four first acts already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day; Time's noblest offspring is the last. Berkeley. The drama and contrivances of God's providence. Sharp. 3. Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or illustrating it; dramatic literature. Note: The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, melodrama, operas, burlettas, and farces. The romantic drama, the kind of drama whose aim is to present a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by actors on the stage. J. A. Symonds.", "dramatic": "Of or pertaining to the drama; appropriate to, or having the qualities of, a drama; theatrical; vivid. The emperor . . . performed his part with much dramatic effect. Motley.", "dramatically": "In a dramatic manner; theatrically; vividly.", @@ -23431,10 +20793,8 @@ "dramatized": null, "dramatizes": "To compose in the form of the drama; to represent in a drama; to adapt to dramatic representation; as, to dramatize a novel, or an historical episode. They dramatized tyranny for public execration. Motley.", "dramatizing": null, - "drambuie": null, "drams": "1. A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains. 2. A minute quantity; a mite. Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing. Milton. 3. As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison. Shak. 4. (Numis.) A Persian daric. Ezra ii. 69. Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm. See under Fluid.\n\nTo drink drams; to ply with drams. [Low] Johnson. Thackeray.", "drank": "of Drink.\n\nWild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. DRAP D'ETE Drap` d'é*té\". Etym: [F., clot of summer.] A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.", - "drano": null, "drape": "1. To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery; as, to drape a bust, a building, etc. The whole people were draped professionally. De Quincey. These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white, Soft falling, falling, through the night, Have draped the woods and mere. Bungay. 2. To rail at; to banter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.\n\n1. To make cloth. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings, costumes, statues, etc.", "draped": null, "draper": "One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as, a draper and tailor.", @@ -23449,7 +20809,6 @@ "dratted": null, "draughtboard": "A checkered board on which draughts are played. See Checkerboard.", "draughtboards": "A checkered board on which draughts are played. See Checkerboard.", - "dravidian": "Of or pertaining to the Dravida. Dravidian languages, a group of languages of Southern India, which seem to have been the idioms of the natives, before the invasion of tribes speaking Sanskrit. Of these languages, the Tamil is the most important.", "draw": "1. To cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; to pull along; to haul; to drag; to cause to follow. He cast him down to ground, and all along Drew him through dirt and mire without remorse. Spenser. He hastened to draw the stranger into a private room. Sir W. Scott. Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats James ii. 6. The arrow is now drawn to the head. Atterbury. 2. To influence to move or tend toward one's self; to exercise an attracting force upon; to call towards itself; to attract; hence, to entice; to allure; to induce. The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods. Shak. All eyes you draw, and with the eyes the heart. Dryden. 3. To cause to come out for one's use or benefit; to extract; to educe; to bring forth; as: (a) To bring or take out, or to let out, from some receptacle, as a stick or post from a hole, water from a cask or well, etc. The drew out the staves of the ark. 2 Chron. v. 9. Draw thee waters for the siege. Nahum iii. 14. I opened the tumor by the point of a lancet without drawing one drop of blood. Wiseman. (b) To pull from a sheath, as a sword. I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them. Ex. xv. 9. (c) To extract; to force out; to elicit; to derive. Spirits, by distillations, may be drawn out of vegetable juices, which shall flame and fume of themselves. Cheyne. Until you had drawn oaths from him. Shak. (d) To obtain from some cause or origin; to infer from evidence or reasons; to deduce from premises; to derive. We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history. Burke. (e) To take or procure from a place of deposit; to call for and receive from a fund, or the like; as, to draw money from a bank. (f) To take from a box or wheel, as a lottery ticket; to receive from a lottery by the drawing out of the numbers for prizes or blanks; hence, to obtain by good fortune; to win; to gain; as, he drew a prize. (g) To select by the drawing of lots. Provided magistracies were filled by men freely chosen or drawn. Freeman. 4. To remove the contents of; as: (a) To drain by emptying; to suck dry. Sucking and drawing the breast dischargeth the milk as fast as it can generated. Wiseman. (b) To extract the bowels of; to eviscerate; as, to draw a fowl; to hang, draw, and quarter a criminal. In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe. King. 5. To take into the lungs; to inhale; to inspire; hence, also, to utter or produce by an inhalation; to heave. \"Where I first drew air.\" Milton. Drew, or seemed to draw, a dying groan. Dryden. 6. To extend in length; to lengthen; to protract; to stretch; to extend, as a mass of metal into wire. How long her face is drawn! Shak. And the huge Offa's dike which he drew from the mouth of Wye to that of Dee. J. R. Green. 7. To run, extend, or produce, as a line on any surface; hence, also, to form by marking; to make by an instrument of delineation; to produce, as a sketch, figure, or picture. 8. To represent by lines drawn; to form a sketch or a picture of; to represent by a picture; to delineate; hence, to represent by words; to depict; to describe. A flattering painter who made it his care To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are. Goldsmith. Can I, untouched, the fair one's passions move, Or thou draw beauty and not feel its power Prior. 9. To write in due form; to prepare a draught of; as, to draw a memorial, a deed, or bill of exchange. Clerk, draw a deed of gift. Shak. 10. To require (so great a depth, as of water) for floating; -- said of a vessel; to sink so deep in (water); as, a ship draws ten feet of water. 11. To withdraw. [Obs.] Chaucer. Go wash thy face, and draw the action. Shak. 12. To trace by scent; to track; -- a hunting term. Note: Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length, and usually expresses an action as gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquid quickly, but we draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we draw it by gradual prevalence. We may write a letter with haste, but we draw a bill with slow caution and regard to a precise form. We draw a bar of metal by continued beating. To draw a bow, to bend the bow by drawing the string for discharging the arrow. -- To draw a cover, to clear a cover of the game it contains. -- To draw a curtain, to cause a curtain to slide or move, either closing or unclosing. \"Night draws the curtain, which the sun withdraws.\" Herbert. -- To draw a line, to fix a limit or boundary. -- To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation. -- To draw breath, to breathe. Shak. -- To draw cuts or lots. See under Cut, n. -- To draw in. (a) To bring or pull in; to collect. (b) To entice; to inveigle. -- To draw interest, to produce or gain interest. -- To draw off, to withdraw; to abstract. Addison. -- To draw on, to bring on; to occasion; to cause. \"War which either his negligence drew on, or his practices procured.\" Hayward. -- To draw (one) out, to elicit cunningly the thoughts and feelings of another. -- To draw out, to stretch or extend; to protract; to spread out. -- \"Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations\" Ps. lxxxv. 5. \"Linked sweetness long drawn out.\" Milton. -- To draw over, to cause to come over, to induce to leave one part or side for the opposite one. -- To draw the longbow, to exaggerate; to tell preposterous tales. -- To draw (one) to or on to (something), to move, to incite, to induce. \"How many actions most ridiculous hast thou been drawn to by thy fantasy\" Shak. -- To draw up. (a) To compose in due form; to draught; to form in writing. (b) To arrange in order, as a body of troops; to array. \"Drawn up in battle to receive the charge.\" Dryden. Syn. -- To Draw, Drag. Draw differs from drag in this, that drag implies a natural inaptitude for drawing, or positive resistance; it is applied to things pulled or hauled along the ground, or moved with toil or difficulty. Draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force; it commonly implies that some kind of aptitude or provision exists for drawing. Draw is the more general or generic term, and drag the more specific. We say, the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet draw is properly used in both cases.\n\n1. To pull; to exert strength in drawing anything; to have force to move anything by pulling; as, a horse draws well; the sails of a ship draw well. Note: A sail is said to draw when it is filled with wind. 2. To draw a liquid from some receptacle, as water from a well. The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep. John iv. 11. 3. To exert an attractive force; to act as an inducement or enticement. Keep a watch upon the particular bias of their minds, that it may not draw too much. Addison. 4. (Med.) To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; -- said of a blister, poultice, etc. 5. To have draught, as a chimney, flue, or the like; to furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc. 6. To unsheathe a weapon, especially a sword. So soon as ever thou seest him, draw; and as thou drawest, swear horrible. Shak. 7. To perform the act, or practice the art, of delineation; to sketch; to form figures or pictures. \"Skill in drawing.\" Locke. 8. To become contracted; to shrink. \"To draw into less room.\" Bacon. 9. To move; to come or go; literally, to draw one's self; -- with prepositions and adverbs; as, to draw away, to move off, esp. in racing, to get in front; to obtain the lead or increase it; to draw back, to retreat; to draw level, to move up even (with another); to come up to or overtake another; to draw off, to retire or retreat; to draw on, to advance; to draw up, to form in array; to draw near, nigh, or towards, to approach; to draw together, to come together, to collect. 10. To make a draft or written demand for payment of money deposited or due; -- usually with on or upon. You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey. Jay. 11. To admit the action of pulling or dragging; to undergo draught; as, a carriage draws easily. 12. To sink in water; to require a depth for floating. \"Greater hulks draw deep.\" Shak. To draw to a head. (a) (Med.) To begin to suppurate; to ripen, as a boil. (b) Fig.: To ripen, to approach the time for action; as, the plot draws to a head.\n\n1. The act of drawing; draught. 2. A lot or chance to be drawn. 3. A drawn game or battle, etc. [Colloq.] 4. That part of a bridge which may be raised, swung round, or drawn aside; the movable part of a drawbridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. [U.S.]", "drawback": "1. A lose of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success, etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature. The avaridrawback from the wisdom ascribed to him. Hallam. 2. (Com.) Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part, remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the commodities on which they were levied. M", "drawbacks": "1. A lose of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success, etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature. The avaridrawback from the wisdom ascribed to him. Hallam. 2. (Com.) Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part, remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the commodities on which they were levied. M", @@ -23510,12 +20869,10 @@ "dredges": "1. Any instrument used to gather or take by dragging; as: (a) A dragnet for taking up oysters, etc., from their beds. (b) A dredging machine. (c) An iron frame, with a fine net attached, used in collecting animals living at the bottom of the sea. 2. (Mining) Very fine mineral matter held in suspension in water. Raymond.\n\nTo catch or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging machine. R. Carew. Dredging machine, a machine (commonly on a boat) used to scoop up mud, gravel, or obstructions from the bottom of rivers, docks, etc., so as to deepen them.\n\nA mixture of oats and barley. [Obs.] Kersey.\n\nTo sift or sprinkle flour, etc., on, as on roasting meat. Beau. & Fl. Dredging box. (a) Same as 2d Dredger. (b) (Gun.) A copper box with a perforated lid; -- used for sprinkling meal powder over shell fuses. Farrow.", "dredging": null, "dregs": "Corrupt or defiling matter contained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; refuse; feculence; lees; grounds; sediment; hence, the vilest and most worthless part of anything; as, the dregs of society. We, the dregs and rubbish of mankind. Dryden. Note: Used formerly (rarely) in the singular, as by Spenser and Shakespeare, but now chiefly in the plural.", - "dreiser": null, "drench": "1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by physic. As \"to fell,\" is \"to make to fall,\" and \"to lay,\" to make to lie.\" so \"to drench,\" is \"to make to drink.\" Trench. 2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse. Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their moisture has already drenched the plain. Dryden.\n\nA drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging. \"A drench of wine.\" Dryden. Give my roan horse a drench. Shak.\n\nA military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [Obs.] Burrill.", "drenched": null, "drenches": "To drown. [Obs.] In the sea he drenched. Chaucer.", "drenching": null, - "dresden": null, "dress": "1. To direct; to put right or straight; to regulate; to order. [Obs.] At all times thou shalt bless God and pray Him to dress thy ways. Chaucer. Note: Dress is used reflexively in Old English, in sense of \"to direct one's step; to addresss one's self.\" To Grisild again will I me dresse. Chaucer. 2. (Mil.) To arrange in exact continuity of line, as soldiers; commonly to adjust to a straight line and at proper distance; to align; as, to dress the ranks. 3. (Med.) To treat methodically with remedies, bandages, or curative appliances, as a sore, an ulcer, a wound, or a wounded or diseased part. 4. To adjust; to put in good order; to arrange; specifically: (a) To prepare for use; to fit for any use; to render suitable for an intended purpose; to get ready; as, to dress a slain animal; to dress meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress or trim a lamp; to dress a garden; to dress a horse, by currying and rubbing; to dress grain, by cleansing it; in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores, by sorting and separating them. And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it. Gen. ii. 15. When he dresseth the lamps he shall burn incense. Ex. xxx. 7. Three hundred horses . . . smoothly dressed. Dryden. Dressing their hair with the white sea flower. Tennyson . If he felt obliged to expostulate, he might have dressed his censures in a kinder form. Carlyle. (b) To cut to proper dimensions, or give proper shape to, as to a tool by hammering; also, to smooth or finish. (c) To put in proper condition by appareling, as the body; to put clothes upon; to apparel; to invest with garments or rich decorations; to clothe; to deck. Dressed myself in such humility. Shak. Prove that ever Idress myself handsome till thy return. Shak. (d) To break and train for use, as a horse or other animal. To dress up or out, to dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously. \"You see very often a king of England or France dressed up like a Julius Cæsar.\" Addison. -- To dress a ship (Naut.), to ornament her by hoisting the national colors at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward; when dressed full, the signal flags and pennants are added. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Syn. -- To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; array; robe; rig; trim; deck; adorn; embellish.\n\n1. (Mil.) To arrange one's self in due position in a line of soldiers; -- the word of command to form alignment in ranks; as, Right, dress! 2. To clothe or apparel one's self; to put on one's garments; to pay particular regard to dress; as, to dress quickly. \"To dress for a ball.\" Latham. To flaunt, to dress, to dance, to thrum. Tennyson . To dress to the right, To dress to the left, To dress on the center (Mil.), to form alignment with reference to the soldier on the extreme right, or in the center, of the rank, who serves as a guide.\n\n1. That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; apparel. \"In your soldier's dress.\" Shak. 2. A lady's gown; as, silk or a velvet dress. 3. Attention to apparel, or skill in adjusting it. Men of pleasure, dress, and gallantry. Pope. 4. (Milling) The system of furrows on the face of a millstone. Knight. Dress circle. See under Circle. -- Dress parade (Mil.), a parade in full uniform for review.", "dressage": null, "dressed": null, @@ -23532,7 +20889,6 @@ "dressmaking": "The art, process, or occupation, of making dresses.", "dressy": "Showy in dress; attentive to dress. A dressy flaunting maidservant. T. Hook. A neat, dressy gentleman in black. W. Irving.", "drew": "of Draw.", - "dreyfus": null, "dribble": "1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops; as, water dribbles from the eaves. 2. To slaver, as a child or an idiot; to drivel. 3. To fall weakly and slowly. [Obs.] \"The dribbling dart of love.\" Shak. (Meas. for Meas. , i. 3, 2). [Perhaps an error for dribbing.]\n\nTo let fall in drops. Let the cook . . . dribble it all the way upstairs. Swift.\n\nA drizzling shower; a falling or leaking in drops. [Colloq.]", "dribbled": null, "dribbler": "One who dribbles.", @@ -23578,7 +20934,6 @@ "drippings": "1. A falling in drops, or the sound so made. 2. That which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting. Dripping pan, a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.", "drippy": null, "drips": "1. To fall in drops; as, water drips from the eaves. 2. To let fall drops of moisture or liquid; as, a wet garment drips. The dark round of the dripping wheel. Tennyson.\n\nTo let fall in drops. Which from the thatch drips fast a shower of rain. Swift.\n\n1. A falling or letting fall in drops; a dripping; that which drips, or falls in drops. The light drip of the suspended oar. Byron. 2. (Arch.) That part of a cornice, sill course, or other horizontal member, which projects beyond the rest, and is of such section as to throw off the rain water. Right of drip (Law), an easement or servitude by which a man has the right to have the water flowing from his house fall on the land of his neighbor.", - "dristan": null, "drive": "1. To impel or urge onward by force in a direction away from one, or along before one; to push forward; to compel to move on; to communicate motion to; as, to drive cattle; to drive a nail; smoke drives persons from a room. A storm came on and drove them into Pylos. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Shield pressed on shield, and man drove man along. Pope. Go drive the deer and drag the finny prey. Pope. 2. To urge on and direct the motions of, as the beasts which draw a vehicle, or the vehicle borne by them; hence, also, to take in a carriage; to convey in a vehicle drawn by beasts; as, to drive a pair of horses or a stage; to drive a person to his own door. How . . . proud he was to drive such a brother! Thackeray. 3. To urge, impel, or hurry forward; to force; to constrain; to urge, press, or bring to a point or state; as, to drive person by necessity, by persuasion, by force of circumstances, by argument, and the like. \" Enough to drive one mad.\" Tennyson. He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not do the like, to do as much for my horse as fortune had done for his. Sir P. Sidney. 4. To carry or; to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute. [Now used only colloquially.] Bacon. The trade of life can not be driven without partners. Collier. 5. To clear, by forcing away what is contained. To drive the country, force the swains away. Dryden. 6. (Mining) To dig Horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel. Tomlinson. 7. To pass away; -- said of time. [Obs.] Chaucer. Note: Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is the reverse of to lead. To drive a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the force before, or in front. It takes a variety of meanings, according to the objects by which it is followed; as, to drive an engine, to direct and regulate its motions; to drive logs, to keep them in the current of a river and direct them in their course; to drive feathers or down, to place them in a machine, which, by a current of air, drives off the lightest to one end, and collects them by themselves. \"My thrice-driven bed of down.\" Shak.\n\n1. To rush and press with violence; to move furiously. Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails. Dryden. Under cover of the night and a driving tempest. Prescott. Time driveth onward fast, And in a little while our lips are dumb. Tennyson. 2. To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; to be driven. The hull drives on, though mast and sail be torn. Byron. The chaise drives to Mr. Draper's chambers. Thackeray. 3. To go by carriage; to pass in a carriage; to proceed by directing or urging on a vehicle or the animals that draw it; as, the coachman drove to my door. 4. To press forward; to aim, or tend, to a point; to make an effort; to strive; -- usually with at. Let them therefore declare what carnal or secular interest he drove at. South. 5. To distrain for rent. [Obs.] To let drive, to aim a blow; to strike with force; to attack. \"Four rogues in buckram let drive at me.\" Shak.\n\nDriven. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The act of driving; a trip or an excursion in a carriage, as for exercise or pleasure; -- distinguished from a ride taken on horseback. 2. A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving. 3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; esp., a forced or hurried dispatch of business. The Murdstonian drive in business. M. Arnold. 4. In type founding and forging, an impression or matrix, formed by a punch drift. 5. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river. [Colloq.] Syn. -- See Ride.", "drivel": "1. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or dotard. 2. Etym: [Perh. a different word: cf. Icel. drafa to talk thick.] To be weak or foolish; to dote; as, a driveling hero; driveling love. Shak. Dryden.\n\n1. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth. 2. Inarticulate or unmeaning utterance; foolish talk; babble. 3. A driveler; a fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 4. A servant; a drudge. [Obs.] Huloet.", "driveled": null, @@ -23631,7 +20986,6 @@ "droops": "1. To hang bending downward; to sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc., from physical inability or exhaustion, want of nourishment, or the like. \"The purple flowers droop.\" \"Above her drooped a lamp.\" Tennyson. I saw him ten days before he died, and observed he began very much to droop and languish. Swift. 2. To grow weak or faint with disappointment, grief, or like causes; to be dispirited or depressed; to languish; as, her spirits drooped. I'll animate the soldier's drooping courage. Addison. 3. To proceed downward, or toward a close; to decline. \"Then day drooped.\" Tennyson.\n\nTo let droop or sink. [R.] M. Arnold. Like to a withered vine That droops his sapless branches to the ground. Shak.\n\nA drooping; as, a droop of the eye.", "droopy": null, "drop": "1. The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical mass; a liquid globule; a minim; hence, also, the smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; a small quantity; as, a drop of water. With minute drops from off the eaves. Milton. As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. Shak. That drop of peace divine. Keble. 2. That which resembles, or that which hangs like, a liquid drop; as a hanging diamond ornament, an earring, a glass pendant on a chandelier, a sugarplum (sometimes medicated), or a kind of shot or slug. 3. (Arch.) (a) Same as Gutta. (b) Any small pendent ornament. 4. Whatever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an elevated position; also, a contrivance for lowering something; as: (a) A door or platform opening downward; a trap door; that part of the gallows on which a culprit stands when he is to be hanged; hence, the gallows itself. (b) A machine for lowering heavy weights, as packages, coal wagons, etc., to a ship's deck. (c) A contrivance for temporarily lowering a gas jet. (d) A curtain which drops or falls in front of the stage of a theater, etc. (e) A drop press or drop hammer. (f) (Mach.) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a hanger. 5. pl. Any medicine the dose of which is measured by drops; as, lavender drops. 6. (Naut.) The depth of a square sail; -- generally applied to the courses only. Ham. Nav. Encyc. 7. Act of dropping; sudden fall or descent. Ague drop, Black drop. See under Ague, Black. -- Drop by drop, in small successive quantities; in repeated portions. \"Made to taste drop by drop more than the bitterness of death.\" Burke. -- Drop curtain. See Drop, n., 4. (d). -- Drop forging. (Mech.) (a) A forging made in dies by a drop hammer. (b) The process of making drop forgings. -- Drop hammer (Mech.), a hammer for forging, striking up metal, etc., the weight being raised by a strap or similar device, and then released to drop on the metal resting on an anvil or die. -- Drop kick (Football), a kick given to the ball as it rebounds after having been dropped from the hands. -- Drop lake, a pigment obtained from Brazil wood. Mollett. -- Drop letter, a letter to be delivered from the same office where posted. -- Drop press (Mech.), a drop hammer; sometimes, a dead-stroke hammer; -- also called drop. -- Drop scene, a drop curtain on which a scene is painted. See Drop, n., 4. (d). -- Drop seed. (Bot.) See the List under Glass. -- Drop serene. (Med.) See Amaurosis.\n\n1. To pour or let fall in drops; to pour in small globules; to distill. \"The trees drop balsam.\" Creech. The recording angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word and blotted it out forever. Sterne. 2. To cause to fall in one portion, or by one motion, like a drop; to let fall; as, to drop a line in fishing; to drop a courtesy. 3. To let go; to dismiss; to set aside; to have done with; to discontinue; to forsake; to give up; to omit. They suddenly drop't the pursuit. S. Sharp. That astonishing ease with which fine ladies drop you and pick you up again. Thackeray. The connection had been dropped many years. Sir W. Scott. Dropping the too rough H in Hell and Heaven. Tennyson. 4. To bestow or communicate by a suggestion; to let fall in an indirect, cautious, or gentle manner; as, to drop hint, a word of counsel, etc. 5. To lower, as a curtain, or the muzzle of a gun, etc. 6. To send, as a letter; as, please drop me a line, a letter, word. 7. To give birth to; as, to drop a lamb. 8. To cover with drops; to variegate; to bedrop. Show to the sun their waved coats dropped with gold. Milton. To drop a vessel (Naut.), to leave it astern in a race or a chase; to outsail it.\n\n1. To fall in drops. The kindly dew drops from the higher tree, And wets the little plants that lowly dwell. Spenser. 2. To fall, in general, literally or figuratively; as, ripe fruit drops from a tree; wise words drop from the lips. Mutilations of which the meaning has dropped out of memory. H. Spencer. When the sound of dropping nuts is heard. Bryant. 3. To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops. The heavens . . . dropped at the presence of God. Ps. lxviii. 8. 4. To fall dead, or to fall in death. Nothing, says Seneca, so soon reconciles us to the thoughts of our own death, as the prospect of one friend after another dropping round us. Digby. 5. To come to an end; to cease; to pass out of mind; as, the affair dropped. Pope. 6. To come unexpectedly; -- with in or into; as, my old friend dropped in a moment. Steele. Takes care to drop in when he thinks you are just seated. Spectator. 7. To fall or be depressed; to lower; as, the point of the spear dropped a little. 8. To fall short of a mark. [R.] Often it drops or overshoots by the disproportion of distance. Collier. 9. To be deep in extent; to descend perpendicularly; as, her main topsail drops seventeen yards. To drop astern (Naut.), to go astern of another vessel; to be left behind; to slacken the speed of a vessel so as to fall behind and to let another pass a head. -- To drop down (Naut.), to sail, row, or move down a river, or toward the sea. -- To drop off, to fall asleep gently; also, to die. [Colloq.]", - "dropbox": null, "dropkick": null, "dropkicks": null, "droplet": "A little drop; a tear. Shak.", @@ -23714,14 +21068,12 @@ "drunker": null, "drunkest": null, "drunks": "1. Intoxicated with, or as with, strong drink; inebriated; drunken; - - never used attributively, but always predicatively; as, the man is drunk (not, a drunk man). Be not drunk with wine, where in is excess. Eph. v. 18. Drunk with recent prosperity. Macaulay. 2. Drenched or saturated with moisture or liquid. I will make mine arrows drunk with blood. Deut. xxxii. 42.\n\nA drunken condition; a spree. [Slang]", - "drupal": "Drupaceous.", "drupe": "A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.", "drupes": "A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.", "druthers": null, "dry": "1. Free from moisture; having little humidity or none; arid; not wet or moist; deficient in the natural or normal supply of moisture, as rain or fluid of any kind; -- said especially: (a) Of the weather: Free from rain or mist. The weather, we agreed, was too dry for the season. Addison. (b) Of vegetable matter: Free from juices or sap; not succulent; not green; as, dry wood or hay. (c) Of animals: Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry. (d) Of persons: Thirsty; needing drink. Give the dry fool drink. Shak (e) Of the eyes: Not shedding tears. Not a dry eye was to be seen in the assembly. Prescott. (f) (Med.) Of certain morbid conditions, in which there is entire or comparative absence of moisture; as, dry gangrene; dry catarrh. 2. Destitute of that which interests or amuses; barren; unembellished; jejune; plain. These epistles will become less dry, more susceptible of ornament. Pope. 3. Characterized by a quality somewhat severe, grave, or hard; hence, sharp; keen; shrewd; quaint; as, a dry tone or manner; dry wit. He was rather a dry, shrewd kind of body. W. Irving. 4. (Fine Arts) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution, or the want of a delicate contour in form, and of easy transition in coloring. Dry area (Arch.), a small open space reserved outside the foundation of a building to guard it from damp. -- Dry blow. (a) (Med.) A blow which inflicts no wound, and causes no effusion of blood. (b) A quick, sharp blow. -- Dry bone (Min.), Smithsonite, or carbonate of zinc; -- a miner's term. -- Dry castor (Zoöl.) a kind of beaver; -- called also parchment beaver. -- Dry cupping. (Med.) See under Cupping. -- Dry dock. See under Dock. -- Dry fat. See Dry vat (below). -- Dry light, pure unobstructed light; hence, a clear, impartial view. Bacon. The scientific man must keep his feelings under stern control, lest they obtrude into his researches, and color the dry light in which alone science desires to see its objects. J. C. Shairp. -- Dry masonry. See Masonry. -- Dry measure, a system of measures of volume for dry or coarse articles, by the bushel, peck, etc. -- Dry pile (Physics), a form of the Voltaic pile, constructed without the use of a liquid, affording a feeble current, and chiefly useful in the construction of electroscopes of great delicacy; -- called also Zamboni's , from the names of the two earliest constructors of it. -- Dry pipe (Steam Engine), a pipe which conducts dry steam from a boiler. -- Dry plate (Photog.), a glass plate having a dry coating sensitive to light, upon which photographic negatives or pictures can be made, without moistening. -- Dry-plate process, the process of photographing with dry plates. -- Dry point. (Fine Arts) (a) An engraving made with the needle instead of the burin, in which the work is done nearly as in etching, but is finished without the use acid. (b) A print from such an engraving, usually upon paper. (c) Hence: The needle with which such an engraving is made. -- Dry rent (Eng. Law), a rent reserved by deed, without a clause of distress. Bouvier. -- Dry rot, a decay of timber, reducing its fibers to the condition of a dry powdery dust, often accompanied by the presence of a peculiar fungus (Merulius lacrymans), which is sometimes considered the cause of the decay; but it is more probable that the real cause is the decomposition of the wood itself. D. C. Eaton. Called also sap rot, and, in the United States, powder post. Hebert. -- Dry stove, a hothouse adapted to preserving the plants of arid climates. Brande & C. -- Dry vat, a vat, basket, or other receptacle for dry articles. -- Dry wine, that in which the saccharine matter and fermentation were so exactly balanced, that they have wholly neutralized each other, and no sweetness is perceptible; -- opposed to sweet wine, in which the saccharine matter is in excess.\n\nTo make dry; to free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; to exsiccate; as, to dry the eyes; to dry one's tears; the wind dries the earth; to dry a wet cloth; to dry hay. To dry up. (a) To scorch or parch with thirst; to deprive utterly of water; to consume. Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. Is. v. 13. The water of the sea, which formerly covered it, was in time exhaled and dried up by the sun. Woodward. (b) To make to cease, as a stream of talk. Their sources of revenue were dried up. Jowett (Thucyd. ) -- To dry, or dry up, a cow, to cause a cow to cease secreting milk. Tylor.\n\n1. To grow dry; to become free from wetness, moisture, or juice; as, the road dries rapidly. 2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; -- said of moisture, or a liquid; -- sometimes with up; as, the stream dries, or dries up. 3. To shrivel or wither; to lose vitality. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him. I Kings xiii. 4.", "dryad": "A wood nymph; a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree.", "dryads": "A wood nymph; a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree.", - "dryden": null, "dryer": "See Drier. Sir W. Temple.", "dryers": "See Drier. Sir W. Temple.", "drying": "1. Adapted or tending to exhaust moisture; as, a drying wind or day; a drying room. 2. Having the quality of rapidly becoming dry. Drying oil, an oil which, either naturally or after boiling with oxide of lead, absorbs oxygen from the air and dries up rapidly. Drying oils are used as the bases of many paints and varnishes.", @@ -23729,35 +21081,23 @@ "dryness": "The state of being dry. See Dry.", "drys": "1. Free from moisture; having little humidity or none; arid; not wet or moist; deficient in the natural or normal supply of moisture, as rain or fluid of any kind; -- said especially: (a) Of the weather: Free from rain or mist. The weather, we agreed, was too dry for the season. Addison. (b) Of vegetable matter: Free from juices or sap; not succulent; not green; as, dry wood or hay. (c) Of animals: Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry. (d) Of persons: Thirsty; needing drink. Give the dry fool drink. Shak (e) Of the eyes: Not shedding tears. Not a dry eye was to be seen in the assembly. Prescott. (f) (Med.) Of certain morbid conditions, in which there is entire or comparative absence of moisture; as, dry gangrene; dry catarrh. 2. Destitute of that which interests or amuses; barren; unembellished; jejune; plain. These epistles will become less dry, more susceptible of ornament. Pope. 3. Characterized by a quality somewhat severe, grave, or hard; hence, sharp; keen; shrewd; quaint; as, a dry tone or manner; dry wit. He was rather a dry, shrewd kind of body. W. Irving. 4. (Fine Arts) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution, or the want of a delicate contour in form, and of easy transition in coloring. Dry area (Arch.), a small open space reserved outside the foundation of a building to guard it from damp. -- Dry blow. (a) (Med.) A blow which inflicts no wound, and causes no effusion of blood. (b) A quick, sharp blow. -- Dry bone (Min.), Smithsonite, or carbonate of zinc; -- a miner's term. -- Dry castor (Zoöl.) a kind of beaver; -- called also parchment beaver. -- Dry cupping. (Med.) See under Cupping. -- Dry dock. See under Dock. -- Dry fat. See Dry vat (below). -- Dry light, pure unobstructed light; hence, a clear, impartial view. Bacon. The scientific man must keep his feelings under stern control, lest they obtrude into his researches, and color the dry light in which alone science desires to see its objects. J. C. Shairp. -- Dry masonry. See Masonry. -- Dry measure, a system of measures of volume for dry or coarse articles, by the bushel, peck, etc. -- Dry pile (Physics), a form of the Voltaic pile, constructed without the use of a liquid, affording a feeble current, and chiefly useful in the construction of electroscopes of great delicacy; -- called also Zamboni's , from the names of the two earliest constructors of it. -- Dry pipe (Steam Engine), a pipe which conducts dry steam from a boiler. -- Dry plate (Photog.), a glass plate having a dry coating sensitive to light, upon which photographic negatives or pictures can be made, without moistening. -- Dry-plate process, the process of photographing with dry plates. -- Dry point. (Fine Arts) (a) An engraving made with the needle instead of the burin, in which the work is done nearly as in etching, but is finished without the use acid. (b) A print from such an engraving, usually upon paper. (c) Hence: The needle with which such an engraving is made. -- Dry rent (Eng. Law), a rent reserved by deed, without a clause of distress. Bouvier. -- Dry rot, a decay of timber, reducing its fibers to the condition of a dry powdery dust, often accompanied by the presence of a peculiar fungus (Merulius lacrymans), which is sometimes considered the cause of the decay; but it is more probable that the real cause is the decomposition of the wood itself. D. C. Eaton. Called also sap rot, and, in the United States, powder post. Hebert. -- Dry stove, a hothouse adapted to preserving the plants of arid climates. Brande & C. -- Dry vat, a vat, basket, or other receptacle for dry articles. -- Dry wine, that in which the saccharine matter and fermentation were so exactly balanced, that they have wholly neutralized each other, and no sweetness is perceptible; -- opposed to sweet wine, in which the saccharine matter is in excess.\n\nTo make dry; to free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; to exsiccate; as, to dry the eyes; to dry one's tears; the wind dries the earth; to dry a wet cloth; to dry hay. To dry up. (a) To scorch or parch with thirst; to deprive utterly of water; to consume. Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. Is. v. 13. The water of the sea, which formerly covered it, was in time exhaled and dried up by the sun. Woodward. (b) To make to cease, as a stream of talk. Their sources of revenue were dried up. Jowett (Thucyd. ) -- To dry, or dry up, a cow, to cause a cow to cease secreting milk. Tylor.\n\n1. To grow dry; to become free from wetness, moisture, or juice; as, the road dries rapidly. 2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; -- said of moisture, or a liquid; -- sometimes with up; as, the stream dries, or dries up. 3. To shrivel or wither; to lose vitality. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him. I Kings xiii. 4.", "drywall": null, - "dschubba": null, - "dst": null, - "dtp": null, - "du": null, "dual": "Expressing, or consisting of, the number two; belonging to two; as, the dual number of nouns, etc. , in Greek. Here you have one half of our dual truth. Tyndall.", "dualism": "State of being dual or twofold; a twofold division; any system which is founded on a double principle, or a twofold distinction; as: (a) (Philos.) A view of man as constituted of two original and independent elements, as matter and spirit. (Theol.) (b) A system which accepts two gods, or two original principles, one good and the other evil. (c) The doctrine that all mankind are divided by the arbitrary decree of God, and in his eternal foreknowledge, into two classes, the elect and the reprobate. (d) (Physiol.) The theory that each cerebral hemisphere acts independently of the other. An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole. Emerson.", "duality": "The quality or condition of being two or twofold; dual character or usage.", - "duane": null, "dub": "1. To confer knight. Note: The conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with the sword. 2. To invest with any dignity or new character; to entitle; to call. A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth. Pope. 3. To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] His diadem was dropped down Dubbed with stones. Morte d'Arthure. 4. To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab; as: (a) To dress with an adz; as, to dub a stick of timber smooth. (b) To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap. Halliwell. (c) To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of cyrrying it. Tomlinson. (d) To prepare for fighting, as a gamecock, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles. To dub a fly, to dress a fishing fly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- To dub out (Plastering), to fill out, as an uneven surface, to a plane, or to carry out a series of small projections.\n\nTo make a noise by brisk drumbeats. \"Now the drum dubs.\" Beau. & Fl.\n\nA blow. [R.] Hudibras.\n\nA pool or puddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "dubai": null, "dubbed": null, "dubber": "One who, or that which, dubs.\n\nA globular vessel or bottle of leather, used in India to hold ghee, oil, etc. [Also written dupper.] M'Culloch.", "dubbers": "One who, or that which, dubs.\n\nA globular vessel or bottle of leather, used in India to hold ghee, oil, etc. [Also written dupper.] M'Culloch.", "dubbin": null, "dubbing": "1. The act of dubbing, as a knight, etc. 2. The act of rubbing, smoothing, or dressing; a dressing off smooth with an adz. 3. A dressing of flour and water used by weavers; a mixture of oil and tallow for dressing leather; daubing. 4. The body substance of an angler's fly. Davy.", - "dubcek": null, - "dubhe": null, "dubiety": "Doubtfulness; uncertainty; doubt. [R.] Lamb. \"The dubiety of his fate.\" Sir W. Scott.", "dubious": "1. Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. \"Dubious policy.\" Sir T. Scott. A dubious, agitated state of mind. Thackeray. 2. Occasioning doubt; not clear, or obvious; equivocal; questionable; doubtful; as, a dubious answer. Wiping the dingy shirt with a still more dubious pocket handkerchief. Thackeray. 3. Of uncertain event or issue; as, in dubious battle. Syn. -- Doubtful; doubting; unsettled; undetermined; equivocal; uncertain. Cf. Doubtful.", "dubiously": "In a dubious manner.", "dubiousness": "State of being dubious.", - "dublin": null, - "dubrovnik": null, "dubs": "1. To confer knight. Note: The conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with the sword. 2. To invest with any dignity or new character; to entitle; to call. A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth. Pope. 3. To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] His diadem was dropped down Dubbed with stones. Morte d'Arthure. 4. To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab; as: (a) To dress with an adz; as, to dub a stick of timber smooth. (b) To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap. Halliwell. (c) To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of cyrrying it. Tomlinson. (d) To prepare for fighting, as a gamecock, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles. To dub a fly, to dress a fishing fly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- To dub out (Plastering), to fill out, as an uneven surface, to a plane, or to carry out a series of small projections.\n\nTo make a noise by brisk drumbeats. \"Now the drum dubs.\" Beau. & Fl.\n\nA blow. [R.] Hudibras.\n\nA pool or puddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "dubuque": null, "ducal": "Of or pertaining to a duke. His ducal cap was to be exchanged for a kingly crown. Motley.", "ducat": "A coin, either of gold or silver, of several countries in Europe; originally, one struck in the dominions of a duke. Note: The gold ducat is generally of the value of nine shillings and four pence sterling, or somewhat more that two dollars. The silver ducat is of about half this value.", "ducats": "A coin, either of gold or silver, of several countries in Europe; originally, one struck in the dominions of a duke. Note: The gold ducat is generally of the value of nine shillings and four pence sterling, or somewhat more that two dollars. The silver ducat is of about half this value.", - "duchamp": null, "duchess": "The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. DUCHESSE D'ANGOULEME Du`chesse\" d'An`gou`lême\". Etym: [F.] (Bot.) A variety of pear of large size and excellent flavor.", "duchesses": null, "duchies": null, @@ -23789,7 +21129,6 @@ "dudes": "A kind of dandy; especially, one characterized by an ultrafashionable style of dress and other affectations. [Recent] The social dude who affects English dress and English drawl. The American.", "dudgeon": "1. The root of the box tree, of which hafts for daggers were made. Gerarde (1597). 2. The haft of a dagger. Shak. 3. A dudgeon-hafted dagger; a dagger. Hudibras.\n\nResentment; ill will; anger; displeasure. I drink it to thee in dudgeon and hostility. Sir T. Scott.\n\nHomely; rude; coarse. [Obs.] By my troth, though I am plain and dudgeon, I would not be an ass. Beau. & Fl.", "duding": null, - "dudley": null, "duds": "1. Old or inferior clothes; tattered garments. [Colloq.] 2. Effects, in general.[Slang]", "due": "1. Owed, as a debt; that ought to be paid or done to or for another; payable; owing and demandable. 2. Justly claimed as a right or property; proper; suitable; becoming; appropriate; fit. Her obedience, which is due to me. Shak. With dirges due, in sad array, Slow through the churchway path we saw him borne. Gray. 3. Such as (a thing) ought to be; fulfilling obligation; proper; lawful; regular; appointed; sufficient; exact; as, due process of law; due service; in due time. 4. Appointed or required to arrive at a given time; as, the steamer was due yesterday. 5. Owing; ascribable, as to a cause. This effect is due to the attraction of the sun. J. D. Forbes.\n\nDirectly; exactly; as, a due east course.\n\n1. That which is owed; debt; that which one contracts to pay, or do, to or for another; that which belongs or may be claimed as a right; whatever custom, law, or morality requires to be done; a fee; a toll. He will give the devil his due. Shak. Yearly little dues of wheat, and wine, and oil. Tennyson. 2. Right; just title or claim. The key of this infernal pit by due . . . I keep. Milton.\n\nTo endue. [Obs.] Shak.", "duel": "A combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons, by agreement. It usually arises from an injury done or an affront given by one to the other. Trial by duel (Old Law), a combat between two persons for proving a cause; trial by battel.\n\nTo fight in single combat. [Obs.]", @@ -23812,13 +21151,10 @@ "duffers": "1. A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap, flashy articles, as sham jewelry; hence, a sham or cheat. [Slang, Eng.] Halliwell. 2. A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.[Slang]", "duffing": null, "duffs": "1. Dough or paste. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially by seamen; as, plum duff.", - "duffy": null, "dug": "A teat, pap, or nipple; -- formerly that of a human mother, now that of a cow or other beast. With mother's dug between its lips. Shak.\n\nof Dig.", "dugout": "1. A canoe or boat dug out from a large log. [U.S.] A man stepped from his slender dugout. G. W. Cable. 2. A place dug out. 3. A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation. [Western U.S.] Bartlett.", "dugouts": "1. A canoe or boat dug out from a large log. [U.S.] A man stepped from his slender dugout. G. W. Cable. 2. A place dug out. 3. A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation. [Western U.S.] Bartlett.", "duh": null, - "dui": null, - "duisburg": null, "duke": "1. A leader; a chief; a prince. [Obs.] Hannibal, duke of Carthage. Sir T. Elyot. All were dukes once, who were \"duces\" -- captains or leaders of their people. Trench. 2. In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and Ireland. 3. In some European countries, a sovereign prince, without the title of king. Duke's coronet. See Illust. of Coronet. -- To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner. See under Dine.\n\nTo play the duke. [Poetic] Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence. Shak.", "dukedom": "1. The territory of a duke. 2. The title or dignity of a duke. Shak.", "dukedoms": "1. The territory of a duke. 2. The title or dignity of a duke. Shak.", @@ -23831,15 +21167,12 @@ "dullards": "A stupid person; a dunce. Shak. -- a. Stupid. Bp. Hall.", "dulled": null, "duller": "One who, or that which, dulls.", - "dulles": null, "dullest": null, "dulling": null, "dullness": "The state of being dull; slowness; stupidity; heaviness; drowsiness; bluntness; obtuseness; dimness; want of luster; want of vividness, or of brightness. [Written also dulness.] And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope.", "dulls": "1. Slow of understanding; wanting readiness of apprehension; stupid; doltish; blockish. \"Dull at classical learning.\" Thackeray. She is not bred so dull but she can learn. Shak. 2. Slow in action; sluggish; unready; awkward. This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing. Matt. xiii. 15. O, help my weak wit and sharpen my dull tongue. Spenser. 3. Insensible; unfeeling. Think me not So dull a devil to forget the loss Of such a matchless wife. Beau. & Fl. 4. Not keen in edge or point; lacking sharpness; blunt. \"Thy scythe is dull.\" Herbert. 5. Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror. 6. Heavy; gross; cloggy; insensible; spiritless; lifeless; inert. \"The dull earth.\" Shak. As turning the logs will make a dull fire burn, so changes of study a dull brain. Longfellow. 7. Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day. Along life's dullest, dreariest walk. Keble. Syn. -- Lifeless; inanimate; dead; stupid; doltish; heavy; sluggish; sleepy; drowsy; gross; cheerless; tedious; irksome; dismal; dreary; clouded; tarnished; obtuse. See Lifeless.\n\n1. To deprive of sharpness of edge or point. \"This . . . dulled their swords.\" Bacon. Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. Shak. 2. To make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy, as the senses, the feelings, the perceptions, and the like. Those [drugs] she has Will stupefy and dull the sense a while. Shak. Use and custom have so dulled our eyes. Trench. 3. To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish. \"Dulls the mirror.\" Bacon. 4. To deprive of liveliness or activity; to render heavy; to make inert; to depress; to weary; to sadden. Attention of mind . . . wasted or dulled through continuance. Hooker.\n\nTo become dull or stupid. Rom. of R.", "dully": "In a dull manner; stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or spirit. Supinely calm and dully innocent. G. Lyttelton.", - "duluth": null, "duly": "In a due, fit, or becoming manner; as it (anything) ought to be; properly; regularly.", - "dumas": null, "dumb": "1. Destitute of the power of speech; unable; to utter articulate sounds; as, the dumb brutes. To unloose the very tongues even of dumb creatures. Hooker. 2. Not willing to speak; mute; silent; not speaking; not accompanied by words; as, dumb show. This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him. Shak. To pierce into the dumb past. J. C. Shairp. 3. Lacking brightness or clearness, as a color. [R.] Her stern was painted of a dumb white or dun color. De Foe. Deaf and dumb. See Deaf-mute. -- Dumb ague, or Dumb chill, a form of intermittent fever which has no well-defined \"chill.\" [U.S.] -- Dumb animal, any animal except man; -- usually restricted to a domestic quadruped; -- so called in contradistinction to man, who is a \"speaking animal.\" -- Dumb cake, a cake made in silence by girls on St. Mark's eve, with certain mystic ceremonies, to discover their future husbands. Halliwell. -- Dumb cane (Bot.), a west Indian plant of the Arum family (Dieffenbachia seguina), which, when chewed, causes the tongue to swell, and destroys temporarily the power of speech. -- Dumb crambo. See under crambo. -- Dumb show. (a) Formerly, a part of a dramatic representation, shown in pantomime. \"Inexplicable dumb shows and noise.\" Shak. (b) Signs and gestures without words; as, to tell a story in dumb show. -- To strike dumb, to confound; to astonish; to render silent by astonishment; or, it may be, to deprive of the power of speech. Syn. -- Silent; speechless; noiseless. See Mute.\n\nTo put to silence. [Obs.] Shak.", "dumbbell": null, "dumbbells": null, @@ -23849,7 +21182,6 @@ "dumbfounded": null, "dumbfounding": null, "dumbfounds": null, - "dumbledore": null, "dumbly": "In silence; mutely.", "dumbness": "The quality or state of being dumb; muteness; silence; inability to speak.", "dumbo": null, @@ -23878,16 +21210,11 @@ "dumpsters": null, "dumpy": "1. From Dump a short ill-shapen piece. 2. From Dump sadness.] 1. Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout. 2. Sullen or discontented. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "dun": "A mound or small hill.\n\nTo cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.\n\nTo ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately. Hath she sent so soon to dun Swift.\n\n1. One who duns; a dunner. To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun. Arbuthnot. 2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a dun.\n\nOf a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy. Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont. Chill and dun Falls on the moor the brief November day. Keble. Dun crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; -- also called hoody, and hoddy. -- Dun diver (Zoöl.), the goosander or merganser.", - "dunant": null, - "dunbar": null, - "duncan": null, "dunce": "One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt. I never knew this town without dunces of figure. Swift. Note: The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen. In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.", "dunces": "One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt. I never knew this town without dunces of figure. Swift. Note: The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen. In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.", - "dundee": null, "dunderhead": "A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead. Beau. & Fl.", "dunderheads": "A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead. Beau. & Fl.", "dune": "A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun.] Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths. Motley.", - "dunedin": null, "dunes": "A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun.] Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths. Motley.", "dung": "The excrement of an animal. Bacon.\n\n1. To manure with dung. Dryden. 2. (Calico Print.) To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung; -- done to remove the superfluous mordant.\n\nTo void excrement. Swift.", "dungaree": "A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff. [Written also dungari.] [India]", @@ -23902,11 +21229,7 @@ "dunk": null, "dunked": null, "dunking": null, - "dunkirk": null, "dunks": null, - "dunlap": null, - "dunn": null, - "dunne": null, "dunned": null, "dunner": "One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.", "dunnest": null, @@ -23939,40 +21262,23 @@ "duplicators": null, "duplicitous": null, "duplicity": "1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic] Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things. I. Watts. 2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith. Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution. Burke. 3. (Law) (a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. Blackstone. (b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses. Wharton. Syn. -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.", - "dupont": null, "durability": "The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness. A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability. Blair.", "durable": "Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness. Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. Prov. viii. 18. An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable. De Quincey. Syn. -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See Lasting.", "durably": "In a lasting manner; with long continuance.", - "duracell": null, - "duran": null, "durance": "1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [Archaic] Of how short durance was this new-made state! Dryden. 2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. Shak. \"Durance vile.\" Burns. In durance, exile, Bedlam or the mint. Pope. 3. (a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting. Where didst thou buy this buff let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of durance. J. Webster. (b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes.", - "durant": "See Durance, 3.", - "durante": "During; as, durante vita, during life; durante bene placito, during pleasure.", "duration": "The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists. It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited. Macaulay. Soon shall have passed our own human duration. D. Webster.", - "durban": null, - "durer": null, "duress": "1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty. The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force. Burke. 2. (Law) The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.\n\nTo subject to duress. \"The party duressed.\" Bacon.", - "durex": null, - "durham": "One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.", - "durhams": "One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.", "during": "In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as, during life; during the space of a year.", - "durkheim": null, - "duroc": null, - "durocher": null, "durst": "of Dare. See Dare, v. i.", "durum": null, - "duse": "A demon or spirit. See Deuce.", - "dushanbe": null, "dusk": "Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky. A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Milton.\n\n1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening. 2. A darkish color. Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin. Dryden.\n\nTo make dusk. [Archaic] After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon must needs be under the earth. Holland.\n\nTo grow dusk. [R.] Chaucer.", "duskier": null, "duskiest": null, "duskiness": "The state of being dusky.", "dusky": "1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley. Through dusky lane and wrangling mart. Keble. 2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as, a dusky brown. Bacon. When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky. Dryden. The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur. Hawthorne. 3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy. This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect. Bentley. 4. Intellectually clouded. Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology. Sir P. Sidney.", - "dusseldorf": null, "dust": "1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust; bone dust. Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19. Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust. Byron. 2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] \"To touch a dust of England's ground.\" Shak. 3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead. For now shall sleep in the dust. Job vii. 21. 4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body. And you may carve a shrine about my dust. Tennyson. 5. Figuratively, a worthless thing. And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust. Shak. 6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition. [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust. 1 Sam. ii. 8. 7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang) Coined money; cash. Down with the dust, deposit the cash; pay down the money. [Slang] \"My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading.\" Fuller. -- Dust brand (Bot.), a fungous plant (Ustilago Carbo); -- called also smut. -- Gold dust, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight. -- In dust and ashes. See under Ashes. -- To bite the dust. See under Bite, v. t. -- To raise, or kick up, dust, to make a commotion. [Colloq.] -- To throw dust in one's eyes, to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to dust a table or a floor. 2. To sprinkle with dust. 3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate. Sprat. To dyst one's jacket, to give one a flogging. [Slang.]", "dustbin": null, "dustbins": null, - "dustbuster": null, "dustcart": null, "dustcarts": null, "dusted": null, @@ -23980,7 +21286,6 @@ "dusters": "1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust. Specifically: (a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling) A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran. 2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust. [U.S.]", "dustier": null, "dustiest": null, - "dustin": null, "dustiness": "The state of being dusty.", "dusting": null, "dustless": "Without dust; as a dustless path.", @@ -23993,9 +21298,6 @@ "dustsheets": null, "dusty": "1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; as, a dusty table; also, reducing to dust. And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak. 2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as a dusty white. Dusty miller (Bot.), a plant (Cineraria maritima); -- so called because of the ashy-white coating of its leaves.", "dutch": "Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. Dutch auction. See under Auction. -- Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk. -- Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape. -- Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover (Trifolium repens), the seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland. -- Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers sing at the same time different songs. [Slang] -- Dutch courage, the courage of partial intoxication. [Slang] Marryat. -- Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open. -- Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to ornament toys and paper; -- called also Dutch mineral, Dutch metal, brass foil, and bronze leaf. -- Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid, C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; -- called also Dutch oil. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant. -- Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals. -- Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper, and for paper staining. etc. Weale. -- Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (E. hyemale) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; -- called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See Equisetum. -- Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like. Note: Dutch was formerly used for German. Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that country, were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for their pains. Fuller.\n\n1. pl. The people of Holland; Dutchmen. 2. The language spoken in Holland.", - "dutchman": "A native, or one of the people, of Holland. Dutchman's breeches (Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra. -- Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.), a West Indian passion flower (Passiflora Murucuja); also, its fruit. -- Dutchman's pipe (Bot.), an American twining shrub (Aristolochia Sipho). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco pipe.", - "dutchmen": null, - "dutchwoman": null, "duteous": "1. Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior, or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; as, a duteous son or daughter. 2. Subservient; obsequious. Duteous to the vices of thy mistress. Shak. -- Du\"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Du\"te*ous*ness, n.", "duteously": null, "dutiable": "Subject to the payment of a duty; as dutiable goods. [U.S.] All kinds of dutiable merchandise. Hawthorne.", @@ -24004,22 +21306,14 @@ "dutifully": null, "dutifulness": null, "duty": "1. That which is due; payment. [Obs. as signifying a material thing.] When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy duty. Tyndale. 2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory. Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country. Hallam. 3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty. With records sweet of duties done. Keble. To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty. Hallam. Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them. C. J. Smith. 4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors. Shak. 5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. \"My duty to you.\" Shak. 6. (Engin.) The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States). 7. (Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods. Note: An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [U.S.] Ad valorem duty, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See Ad valorem. -- Specific duty, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market. -- On duty, actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned task.", - "duvalier": null, "duvet": null, "duvets": null, - "dvd": null, - "dvds": null, - "dvina": null, - "dvorak": null, - "dvr": null, - "dvrs": null, "dwarf": "An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being. Note: During the Middle Ages dwarfs as well as fools shared the favor of courts and the nobility. Note: Dwarf is used adjectively in reference to anything much below the usual or normal size; as, dwarf tree; dwarf honeysuckle. Dwarf elder (Bot.), danewort. -- Dwarf wall (Arch.), a low wall, not as high as the story of a building, often used as a garden wall or fence. Gwilt.\n\nTo hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt. Addison. Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be stunted and dwarfed, if cut off from a spiritual background. J. C. Shairp.\n\nTo become small; to diminish in size. Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great conceptions dwarf. Beaconsfield.", "dwarfed": null, "dwarfing": null, "dwarfish": "Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; petty; as, a dwarfish animal, shrub. -- Dwarf\"ish*ly, adv. -- Dwarf\"ish*ness, n.", "dwarfism": null, "dwarfs": "An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being. Note: During the Middle Ages dwarfs as well as fools shared the favor of courts and the nobility. Note: Dwarf is used adjectively in reference to anything much below the usual or normal size; as, dwarf tree; dwarf honeysuckle. Dwarf elder (Bot.), danewort. -- Dwarf wall (Arch.), a low wall, not as high as the story of a building, often used as a garden wall or fence. Gwilt.\n\nTo hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt. Addison. Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be stunted and dwarfed, if cut off from a spiritual background. J. C. Shairp.\n\nTo become small; to diminish in size. Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great conceptions dwarf. Beaconsfield.", - "dwayne": null, "dweeb": null, "dweebs": null, "dwell": "1. To delay; to linger. [Obs.] 2. To abide; to remain; to continue. I 'll rather dwell in my necessity. Shak. Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart. Wordsworth. 3. To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a place; to reside. The parish in which I was born, dwell, and have possessions. Peacham. The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides. C. J. Smith. To dwell in, to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on. \"My hopes in heaven to dwell.\" Shak. -- To dwell on or upon, to continue long on or in; to remain absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; as, to dwell upon a subject; a singer dwells on a note. They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement. Buckminster. Syn. -- To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.\n\nTo inhabit. [R.] Milton.", @@ -24029,13 +21323,10 @@ "dwellings": "Habitation; place or house in which a person lives; abode; domicile. Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons. Jer. xlix. 33. God will deign To visit oft the dwellings of just men. Milton. Philip's dwelling fronted on the street. Tennyson. Dwelling house, a house intended to be occupied as a residence, in distinction from a store, office, or other building. -- Dwelling place, place of residence.", "dwells": "1. To delay; to linger. [Obs.] 2. To abide; to remain; to continue. I 'll rather dwell in my necessity. Shak. Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart. Wordsworth. 3. To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a place; to reside. The parish in which I was born, dwell, and have possessions. Peacham. The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides. C. J. Smith. To dwell in, to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on. \"My hopes in heaven to dwell.\" Shak. -- To dwell on or upon, to continue long on or in; to remain absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; as, to dwell upon a subject; a singer dwells on a note. They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement. Buckminster. Syn. -- To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.\n\nTo inhabit. [R.] Milton.", "dwelt": "of Dwell.", - "dwi": null, - "dwight": null, "dwindle": "To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away. Weary sennights nine times nine Shall he dwindle, peak and pine. Shak. Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions, are said to have dwindled into factious clubs. Swift.\n\n1. To make less; to bring low. Our drooping days are dwindled down to naught. Thomson. 2. To break; to disperse. [R.] Clarendon.\n\nThe process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy. [R.] Johnson.", "dwindled": null, "dwindles": "To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away. Weary sennights nine times nine Shall he dwindle, peak and pine. Shak. Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions, are said to have dwindled into factious clubs. Swift.\n\n1. To make less; to bring low. Our drooping days are dwindled down to naught. Thomson. 2. To break; to disperse. [R.] Clarendon.\n\nThe process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy. [R.] Johnson.", "dwindling": null, - "dy": null, "dyadic": "Pertaining to the number two; of two parts or elements. Dyadic arithmetic, the same as binary arithmetic.", "dybbuk": null, "dybbukim": null, @@ -24050,7 +21341,6 @@ "dying": "1. In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; as, dying bodies. 2. Of or pertaining to dying or death; as, dying bed; dying day; dying words; also, simulating a dying state.\n\nThe act of expiring; passage from life to death; loss of life.", "dyke": "See Dike. The spelling dyke is restricted by some to the geological meaning.", "dykes": "See Dike. The spelling dyke is restricted by some to the geological meaning.", - "dylan": null, "dynamic": "1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power; characterized by energy or production of force. Science, as well as history, has its past to show, -- a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is dynamic, not divine. J. Martineau. The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic, causes. J. Peile. 2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as, dynamical geology. As natural science has become more dynamic, so has history. Prof. Shedd. Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity.", "dynamical": "1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power; characterized by energy or production of force. Science, as well as history, has its past to show, -- a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is dynamic, not divine. J. Martineau. The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic, causes. J. Peile. 2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as, dynamical geology. As natural science has become more dynamic, so has history. Prof. Shedd. Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity.", "dynamically": "In accordance with the principles of dynamics or moving forces. J. Peile.", @@ -24063,7 +21353,6 @@ "dynamites": "An explosive substance consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed by some inert, porous solid, as infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. It is safer than nitroglycerin, being less liable to explosion from moderate shocks, or from spontaneous decomposition.", "dynamiting": "Destroying by dynamite, for political ends. Dynamiting is not the American way. The Century.", "dynamo": "A dynamo-electric machine.", - "dynamodb": null, "dynamos": "A dynamo-electric machine.", "dynastic": "Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings. Motley.", "dynasties": null, @@ -24077,7 +21366,6 @@ "dyslexia": null, "dyslexic": null, "dyslexics": null, - "dyson": null, "dyspepsia": "A kind of indigestion; a state of the stomach in which its functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or, if others are present, they are of minor importance. Its symptoms are loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, acrid or fetid eructations, a sense of weight or fullness in the stomach, etc. Dunglison.", "dyspeptic": "Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; as, a dyspeptic or dyspeptical symptom.\n\nA person afflicted with dyspepsia.", "dyspeptics": "Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; as, a dyspeptic or dyspeptical symptom.\n\nA person afflicted with dyspepsia.", @@ -24090,8 +21378,6 @@ "dystopia": null, "dystopian": null, "dz": null, - "dzerzhinsky": null, - "dzungaria": null, "e": "1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet. Note: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Phoenician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara. Note: The letter e has in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in mane, as in cane, m, which without the final e would be pronounced m, c, m. After c and g, the final e indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively, as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97. 2. (Mus.) E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. E (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E.", "ea": null, "each": "1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with or without a following noun; as, each of you or each one of you. \"Each of the combatants.\" Fielding. Note: To each corresponds other. \"Let each esteem other better than himself.\" Each other, used elliptically for each the other. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist the other, each being in the nominative and other in the objective case. It is a bad thing that men should hate each other; but it is far worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's throats without hatred. Macaulay. Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton. In each cheek appears a pretty dimple. Shak. Then draw we nearer day by day, Each to his brethren, all to God. Keble. The oak and the elm have each a distinct character. Gilpin. 2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every. Shak. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton. In short each man's happiness depends upon himself. Sterne. Note: This use of each for every, though common in Scotland and in America, is now un-English. Fitzed. Hall. Syn. -- See Every.", @@ -24104,7 +21390,6 @@ "eagles": "1. (Zoöl.) Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the genera Aquila and Haliæetus. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaëtus); the imperial eagle of Europe (A. mogilnik or imperialis); the American bald eagle (Haliæetus leucocephalus); the European sea eagle (H. albicilla); and the great harpy eagle (Thrasaetus harpyia). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See Bald eagle, Harpy, and Golden eagle. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars. 3. (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the first magnitude. See Aquila. 4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people. Though the Roman eagle shadow thee. Tennyson. Note: Some modern nations, as the United States, and France under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle. Bald eagle. See Bald eagle. -- Bold eagle. See under Bold. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty dollars. -- Eagle hawk (Zoöl.), a large, crested, South American hawk of the genus Morphnus. -- Eagle owl (Zoöl.), any large owl of the genus Bubo, and allied genera; as the American great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus), and the allied European species (B. maximus). See Horned owl. -- Eagle ray (Zoöl.), any large species of ray of the genus Myliobatis (esp. M. aquila). -- Eagle vulture (Zoöl.), a large West African bid (Gypohierax Angolensis), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles and vultures.", "eaglet": "A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.", "eaglets": "A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.", - "eakins": null, "ear": "1. The organ of hearing; the external ear. Note: In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain. 2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only. Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear. Tennyson. 3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of Bell. 4. (Arch.) (a) Same as Acroterium (a). (b) Same as Crossette. 5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention. Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit. Bacon. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Shak. About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. -- Ear finger, the little finger. -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear snail (Zoöl.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied genera. -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person. -- Ear vesicle (Zoöl.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. \"Give ear unto my song.\" Goldsmith. -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.]\n\nTo take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] \"I eared her language.\" Two Noble Kinsmen.\n\nThe spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels. First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28.\n\nTo put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as, this corn ears well.\n\nTo plow or till; to cultivate. \"To ear the land.\" Shak.", "earache": "Ache or pain in the ear.", "earaches": "Ache or pain in the ear.", @@ -24115,15 +21400,11 @@ "eared": "1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as, long- eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten-eared. 2. (Zoöl.) Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears. Eared owl (Zoöl.), an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the long-eared owl, and short-eared owl. -- Eared seal (Zoöl.), any seal of the family Otariidæ, including the fur seals and hair seals. See Seal.", "earful": null, "earfuls": null, - "earhart": null, "earl": "A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count (comte) in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still called countess. See Count.\n\nThe needlefish. [Ireland]", "earldom": "1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl. 2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl. He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom. Chesterfield.", "earldoms": "1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl. 2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl. He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom. Chesterfield.", - "earle": null, - "earlene": null, "earlier": null, "earliest": null, - "earline": null, "earliness": "The state of being early or forward; promptness.", "earlobe": null, "earlobes": null, @@ -24140,15 +21421,12 @@ "earner": null, "earners": null, "earnest": "Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness. Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. Sir P. Sidney. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.\n\n1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers. An earnest advocate to plead for him. Shak. 2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention. 3. Serious; important. [Obs.] They whom earnest lets do often hinder. Hooker. Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager.\n\nTo use in earnest. [R.] To earnest them [our arms] with men. Pastor Fido (1602).\n\n1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come. Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. 2 Cor. i. 22. And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death. Shak. 2. (Law) Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin. Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale. Syn. -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their ultimate triumph.", - "earnestine": null, "earnestly": "In an earnest manner.", "earnestness": "The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety. An honest earnestness in the young man's manner. W. Irving.", "earnests": "Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness. Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. Sir P. Sidney. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.\n\n1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers. An earnest advocate to plead for him. Shak. 2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention. 3. Serious; important. [Obs.] They whom earnest lets do often hinder. Hooker. Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager.\n\nTo use in earnest. [R.] To earnest them [our arms] with men. Pastor Fido (1602).\n\n1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come. Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. 2 Cor. i. 22. And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death. Shak. 2. (Law) Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin. Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale. Syn. -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their ultimate triumph.", - "earnhardt": null, "earning": "That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural. As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings. Burke.", "earnings": "That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural. As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings. Burke.", "earns": "See Ern, n. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not). The high repute Which he through hazard huge must earn. Milton. 2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels. I earn that [what] I eat. Shak. The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow. Burke. Earned run (Baseball), a run which is made without the assistance of errors on the opposing side. Syn. -- See Obtain.\n\nTo grieve. [Obs.]\n\nTo long; to yearn. [Obs.] And ever as he rode, his heart did earn To prove his puissance in battle brave. Spenser.\n\nTo curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.]", - "earp": null, "earphone": null, "earphones": null, "earpiece": null, @@ -24202,19 +21480,14 @@ "easing": null, "east": "1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west. The east began kindle. E. Everett. 2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the East. The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton. 3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.) Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the agriculture of the West. East by north, East by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lie 22Illust. of Compass.\n\nToward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east.\n\nEastward.\n\nTo move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate.", "eastbound": null, - "easter": "1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, pâque, or pask. 2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day. Note: Easter is used either adjectively or as the first element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts. Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter day in every week. Keble. Note: Easter day, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc. Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted. -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present.\n\nTo veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell.", "easterlies": null, "easterly": "1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind. 2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the easterly side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage.\n\nToward, or in the direction of, the east.", "eastern": "1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate; Eastern countries. Eastern churches first did Christ embrace. Stirling. 2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern voyage. Eastern Church. See Greek Church, under Greek.", "easterner": null, "easterners": null, "easternmost": "Most eastern.", - "easters": "1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, pâque, or pask. 2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day. Note: Easter is used either adjectively or as the first element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts. Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter day in every week. Keble. Note: Easter day, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc. Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted. -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present.\n\nTo veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell.", - "eastman": null, - "easts": "1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west. The east began kindle. E. Everett. 2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the East. The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton. 3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.) Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the agriculture of the West. East by north, East by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lie 22Illust. of Compass.\n\nToward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east.\n\nEastward.\n\nTo move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate.", "eastward": "Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York.", "eastwards": "Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York.", - "eastwood": null, "easy": "1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: (a) Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; as, the patient is easy. (b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind. (c) Free from constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; as, easy manners; an easy style. \"The easy vigor of a line.\" Pope. 2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion; affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a ship having an easy motion; easy movements, as in dancing. \"Easy ways to die.\" Shak. 3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight; inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory. It were an easy leap. Shak. 4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an easy chair or cushion. 5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable; yielding; complying; ready. He gained their easy hearts. Dryden. He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch. Sir W. Scott. 6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. (Com.) Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market is easy; -- opposed to tight. Honors are easy (Card Playing), said when each side has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as points. Syn. -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile; unconcerned.", "easygoing": null, "eat": "1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. \"To eat grass as oxen.\" Dan. iv. 25. They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. Ps. cvi. 28. The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine. Gen. xli. 20. The lion had not eaten the carcass. 1 Kings xiii. 28. With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab junkets eat. Milton. The island princes overbold Have eat our substance. Tennyson. His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages. Thackeray. 2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear. To eat humble pie. See under Humble. -- To eat of (partitive use). \"Eat of the bread that can not waste.\" Keble. -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. \"Eat out the heart and comfort of it.\" Tillotson. -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to windward of her. Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.\n\n1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board. He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13. 2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef. 3. To make one's way slowly. To eat, To eat in or into, to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. \"A sword laid by, which eats into itself.\" Byron. -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.", @@ -24226,7 +21499,6 @@ "eaters": "One who, or that which, eats.", "eatery": null, "eating": "1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding. 2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating. [Colloq.] Eating house, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to be eaten on the premises.", - "eaton": null, "eats": "1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. \"To eat grass as oxen.\" Dan. iv. 25. They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. Ps. cvi. 28. The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine. Gen. xli. 20. The lion had not eaten the carcass. 1 Kings xiii. 28. With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab junkets eat. Milton. The island princes overbold Have eat our substance. Tennyson. His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages. Thackeray. 2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear. To eat humble pie. See under Humble. -- To eat of (partitive use). \"Eat of the bread that can not waste.\" Keble. -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. \"Eat out the heart and comfort of it.\" Tillotson. -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to windward of her. Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.\n\n1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board. He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13. 2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef. 3. To make one's way slowly. To eat, To eat in or into, to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. \"A sword laid by, which eats into itself.\" Byron. -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.", "eave": null, "eaves": "1. (Arch.) The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof. 2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] \"Eaves of the hill.\" Wyclif. 3. Eyelids or eyelashes. And closing eaves of wearied eyes. Tennyson. Eaves board (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also eaves catch and eaves lath. -- Eaves channel, Eaves gutter, Eaves trough. Same as Gutter, 1. -- Eaves molding (Arch.), a molding immediately below the eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice. -- Eaves swallow (Zoöl.). (a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of buildings. See Cliff swallow, under Cliff. (b) The European swallow.", @@ -24241,19 +21513,12 @@ "ebbed": null, "ebbing": null, "ebbs": "The European bunting.\n\n1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to flood; as, the boats will go out on the ebb. Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow Claspest the limits of morality! Shelley. 2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay. \"Our ebb of life.\" Roscommon. Painting was then at its lowest ebb. Dryden. Ebb and flow, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used figuratively. This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this ebb and flow of the industrial. A. T. Hadley.\n\n1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean; -- opposed to flow. That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope. 2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline; to decay; to recede. The hours of life ebb fast. Blackmore. Syn. -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower.\n\nTo cause to flow back. [Obs.] Ford.\n\nReceding; going out; falling; shallow; low. The water there is otherwise very low and ebb. Holland.", - "eben": null, - "ebeneezer": null, - "ebert": null, - "ebola": null, - "ebonics": null, "ebonies": null, "ebony": "A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green. Note: The finest black ebony is the heartwood of Diospyros reticulata, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (D. Ebenum, Melanoxylon, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (Brya Ebenus), and from the Excæcaria glandulosa.\n\nMade of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony countenance. This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling. Poe.", - "ebro": null, "ebullience": "A boiling up or over; effervescence. Cudworth.", "ebullient": "Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. \"Ebullient with subtlety.\" De Quincey. The ebullient enthusiasm of the French. Carlyle.", "ebulliently": null, "ebullition": "1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor. 2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process which causes the liberation of a gas or an aëriform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. [Formerly written bullition.] 3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an ebullition of anger or ill temper.", - "ec": null, "eccentric": "1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion. 2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric. 3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine. 4. Not coincident as to motive or end. His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master. Bacon. 5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. \"This brave and eccentric young man.\" Macaulay. He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. Savage. Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook or gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, or Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop. Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.\n\n1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first. 2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing. 3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton. 4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw. Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine.", "eccentrically": "In an eccentric manner. Drove eccentrically here and there. Lew Wallace.", "eccentricities": null, @@ -24261,12 +21526,10 @@ "eccentrics": "1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion. 2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric. 3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine. 4. Not coincident as to motive or end. His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master. Bacon. 5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. \"This brave and eccentric young man.\" Macaulay. He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. Savage. Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook or gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, or Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop. Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.\n\n1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first. 2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing. 3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton. 4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw. Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine.", "eccl": null, "ecclesial": "Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton.", - "ecclesiastes": "One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.", "ecclesiastic": "Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical. \"Ecclesiastic government.\" Swift.\n\nA person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest. From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church. Prescott.", "ecclesiastical": "Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts. Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an abomination. Cowper. Ecclesiastical commissioners for England, a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church. -- Ecclesiastical courts, courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical law, a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes (Mus.), the church modes, or the scales anciently used. -- Ecclesiastical States, the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church.", "ecclesiastically": "In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.", "ecclesiastics": "Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical. \"Ecclesiastic government.\" Swift.\n\nA person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest. From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church. Prescott.", - "ecg": null, "echelon": "1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics). 2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or Encyc. Dict. Echelon lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; - - used in lighthouses.\n\nTo place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.\n\nTo take position in echelon. Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right. Upton (Tactics).", "echelons": "1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics). 2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or Encyc. Dict. Echelon lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; - - used in lighthouses.\n\nTo place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.\n\nTo take position in echelon. Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right. Upton (Tactics).", "echidna": "1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater.", @@ -24293,8 +21556,6 @@ "ecliptic": "1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23º 28'. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun. 2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23º 28' with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.\n\n1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way. 2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses. Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12º on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17º from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed.", "eclogue": "A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established.", "eclogues": "A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established.", - "ecmascript": null, - "eco": null, "ecocide": null, "ecol": null, "ecologic": null, @@ -24331,12 +21592,6 @@ "ecstatic": "1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic trance. This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. Hammond. 2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic bliss or joy.\n\nAn enthusiast. [R.] Gauden.", "ecstatically": "Rapturously; ravishingly.", "ecu": null, - "ecuador": null, - "ecuadoran": null, - "ecuadorans": null, - "ecuadorean": null, - "ecuadorian": null, - "ecuadorians": null, "ecumenical": "General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also .] Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes. -- Ecumenical council. See under Council.", "ecumenically": null, "ecumenicism": null, @@ -24344,23 +21599,14 @@ "ecus": null, "eczema": "An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; -- called also tetter, milk crust, and salt rheum.", "ed": null, - "edam": "A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson outside; -- so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also, cheese of the same type, wherever made.", "edamame": null, - "edams": "A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson outside; -- so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also, cheese of the same type, wherever made.", - "edda": "The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes. Note: There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178.", - "eddie": null, "eddied": null, "eddies": null, - "eddington": null, "eddy": "1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current. 2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool. And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. Addison. Note: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden.\n\nTo move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle. Eddying round and round they sink. Wordsworth.\n\nTo collect as into an eddy. [R.] The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated storm. Thomson.", "eddying": null, "edelweiss": "A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.", "edema": "Same as oedema.", "edemas": "Same as oedema.", - "eden": "The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.", - "edens": "The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.", - "edgar": null, - "edgardo": null, "edge": "1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc. He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. Rev. ii. 12. Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword. Shak. 2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice. Upon the edge of yonder coppice. Shak. In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle. Milton. Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. Sir W. Scott. 3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire. The full edge of our indignation. Sir W. Scott. Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices. Jer. Taylor. 4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. \"On the edge of winter.\" Milton. Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. Knight. -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. -- Edge stone, a curbstone. -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon.\n\n1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen. To edge her champion's sword. Dryden. 2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool. 3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box. Hills whose tops were edged with groves. Pope. 4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.] By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged. Hayward. 5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke.\n\n1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way. 2. To sail close to the wind. I must edge up on a point of wind. Dryden. To edge away or off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object. -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.", "edged": null, "edger": null, @@ -24389,12 +21635,9 @@ "edifies": null, "edify": "1. To build; to construct. [Archaic] There was a holy chapel edified. Spenser. 2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach. It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either edify or enlighten the public. Gibbon. 3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nTo improve. [R.] Swift.", "edifying": "Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. -- Ed\"i*fy`ing*ly, adv. -- Ed\"i*fy`ing*ness, n.", - "edinburgh": null, - "edison": null, "edit": "To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield.", "editable": null, "edited": null, - "edith": null, "editing": null, "edition": "1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare. 2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold.", "editions": "1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare. 2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold.", @@ -24409,15 +21652,7 @@ "editors": "One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication.", "editorship": "The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication.", "edits": "To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield.", - "edmond": null, - "edmonton": null, - "edmund": null, - "edna": null, - "edp": null, "eds": null, - "edsel": null, - "edt": null, - "eduardo": null, "educ": null, "educability": "Capability of being educated.", "educable": "Capable of being educated. \"Men are educable.\" M. Arnold.", @@ -24441,25 +21676,14 @@ "educes": "To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a form from matter. The eternal art educing good from ill. Pope. They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves. M. Arnold.", "educing": null, "edutainment": null, - "edward": null, - "edwardian": null, - "edwardo": null, - "edwards": null, - "edwin": null, - "edwina": null, - "eec": null, - "eeg": null, "eek": "See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser.", "eel": "An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus.", "eels": "An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus.", - "eeo": null, - "eeoc": null, "eerie": "1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; as, eerie stories. She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery warblings. Tennyson. 2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns.", "eerier": null, "eeriest": null, "eerily": "In a strange, unearthly way.", "eeriness": null, - "eeyore": null, "eff": null, "efface": "1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin. 2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away. Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received. Bacon. Syn. -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. -- Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.", "effaced": null, @@ -24503,7 +21727,6 @@ "efficiency": "1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency. The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us. Hooker. 2. (Mech.) The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine. Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it.", "efficient": "Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power. The efficient cause is the working cause. Wilson. Syn. -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent.\n\nAn efficient cause; a prime mover. God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only. Hooker.", "efficiently": "With effect; effectively.", - "effie": null, "effigies": "See Effigy. Dryden.", "effigy": "The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits. To burn, or To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium.", "effing": null, @@ -24534,10 +21757,6 @@ "effusive": "Pouring out; pouring forth freely. \"Washed with the effusive wave.\" Pope. Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks. -- Ef*fu\"sive*ly, adv. -- Ef*fu\"sive*ness, n.", "effusively": null, "effusiveness": null, - "efl": null, - "efrain": null, - "efren": null, - "eft": "(a) A European lizard of the genus Seps. (b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus).\n\nAgain; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.] I wold never eft comen into the snare. Spenser.", "egad": "An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.", "egalitarian": null, "egalitarianism": null, @@ -24552,7 +21771,6 @@ "eggheads": null, "egging": null, "eggnog": "A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits.", - "eggo": null, "eggplant": "A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.", "eggplants": "A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.", "eggs": "1. (Popularly) The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the \"white\" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane. 2. (Biol.) A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell. 3. Anything resembling an egg in form. Note: Egg is used adjectively, or as the first part of self- explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg-beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc. Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; -- called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue. See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie. -- Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum, under Segmentation. -- Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed. -- Egg mite (Zoöl.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm. -- Egg parasite (Zoöl.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known.\n\nTo urge on; to instigate; to incite Adam and Eve he egged to ill. Piers Plowman. [She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was. Warner.", @@ -24588,19 +21806,11 @@ "egresses": null, "egret": "1. (Zoöl.) The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, or Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima). A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable. 2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette. 3. (Bot.) The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle. 4. (Zoöl.) A kind of ape.", "egrets": "1. (Zoöl.) The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, or Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima). A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable. 2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette. 3. (Bot.) The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle. 4. (Zoöl.) A kind of ape.", - "egypt": null, - "egyptian": "Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean, 1. -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.\n\n1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language. 2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak.", - "egyptians": "Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean, 1. -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.\n\n1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language. 2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak.", - "egyptology": "The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics.", "eh": "An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.", - "ehrenberg": null, - "ehrlich": null, - "eichmann": null, "eider": "Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. Etym: [Cf. Icel. æ\\'ebardun, Sw. eiderdun, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.", "eiderdown": null, "eiderdowns": null, "eiders": "Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. Etym: [Cf. Icel. æ\\'ebardun, Sw. eiderdun, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.", - "eiffel": null, "eigenvalue": null, "eigenvalues": null, "eigenvector": null, @@ -24617,14 +21827,7 @@ "eightieths": "1. The next in order after seventy-ninth. 2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.\n\nThe quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts.", "eights": "An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] \"Osiers on their eights.\" Evelyn.\n\nSeven and one; as, eight years.\n\n1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.", "eighty": "Eight times ten; fourscore.\n\n1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx.", - "eileen": null, - "einstein": null, "einsteinium": null, - "einsteins": null, - "eire": "Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "eisenhower": null, - "eisenstein": null, - "eisner": null, "eisteddfod": "Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic revival of the old custom.", "eisteddfods": "Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic revival of the old custom.", "either": "1. One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two things, but sometimes of a larger number, for any one. Lepidus flatters both, Of both is flattered; but he neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak. Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three. Bacon. There have been three talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists. Holmes. 2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each of any number. His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played. Milton. On either side . . . was there the tree of life. Rev. xxii. 2. The extreme right and left of either army never engaged. Jowett (Thucyd).\n\nprecedes two, or more, coördinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or. Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth. 1 Kings xviii. 27. Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or recede. Latham. Note: Either was formerly sometimes used without any correlation, and where we should now use or. Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries either a vine, figs James iii. 12.", @@ -24646,7 +21849,6 @@ "eke": "To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. \"To eke my pain.\" Spenser. He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds. Macaulay.\n\nIn addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic] 'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke the throne of love. Prior. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper. Note: Eke serves less to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion. Mätzner.\n\nAn addition. [R.] Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. Geddes.", "eked": null, "ekes": "To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. \"To eke my pain.\" Spenser. He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds. Macaulay.\n\nIn addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic] 'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke the throne of love. Prior. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper. Note: Eke serves less to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion. Mätzner.\n\nAn addition. [R.] Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. Geddes.", - "ekg": null, "eking": "(a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in length. (b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the quarter gallery. [Written also eiking.]", "elaborate": "Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate discourse; an elaborate performance; elaborate research. Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. Waller. Syn. -- Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought. -- E*lab\"o*rate*ly, adv. -- E*lab\"o*rate*ness, n.\n\n1. To produce with labor They in full joy elaborate a sigh, Young. 2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and study, or by successive operations; as, to elaborate a painting or a literary work. The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted as it circulates through the vessels of the plant. Arbuthnot.", "elaborated": "developed or executed with care and in minute detail; as, the carefully elaborated theme. Syn. -- detailed, elaborate. [WordNet 1.5]", @@ -24656,12 +21858,9 @@ "elaborating": null, "elaboration": "1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement. 2. (Physiol.) The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues.", "elaborations": "1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement. 2. (Physiol.) The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues.", - "elaine": "Same as Olein.", - "elam": null, "elan": "Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.", "eland": "1. (Zoöl.) A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; -- called also Cape elk. 2. (Zoöl.) The elk or moose.", "elands": "1. (Zoöl.) A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; -- called also Cape elk. 2. (Zoöl.) The elk or moose.", - "elanor": null, "elapse": "To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used chiefly in reference to time. Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. Hoole.", "elapsed": null, "elapses": "To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used chiefly in reference to time. Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. Hoole.", @@ -24675,35 +21874,25 @@ "elasticizes": null, "elasticizing": null, "elastics": "1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; as, a bow is elastic; the air is elastic; India rubber is elastic. Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of elastic gum, and by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its former position. Paley. 2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks and trials; as, elastic spirits; an elastic constitution. Elastic bitumen. (Min.) See Elaterite. -- Elastic curve. (a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other. (b) (Mech.) The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight bar under any system of bending forces. Rankine. -- Elastic fluids, those which have the property of expanding in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam, and other gases and vapors. -- Elastic limit (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending, stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it. -- Elastic tissue (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies. -- Gum elastic, caoutchouc.\n\nAn elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc., made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.]", - "elasticsearch": null, - "elastoplast": null, "elate": "1. Lifted up; raised; elevated. With upper lip elate. Fenton. And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er thrones and globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant. O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate. Pope. Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. Syn. -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed.\n\n1. To raise; to exalt. [R.] By the potent sun elated high. Thomson. 2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud. Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. Warburton. You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies. Jowett (Thucyd. ).", "elated": null, "elatedly": "With elation.", "elates": "1. Lifted up; raised; elevated. With upper lip elate. Fenton. And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er thrones and globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant. O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate. Pope. Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. Syn. -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed.\n\n1. To raise; to exalt. [R.] By the potent sun elated high. Thomson. 2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud. Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. Warburton. You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies. Jowett (Thucyd. ).", "elating": null, "elation": "A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of prosperity. \"Felt the elation of triumph.\" Sir W. Scott.", - "elba": null, - "elbe": null, - "elbert": null, "elbow": "1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent. Her arms to the elbows naked. R. of Gloucester. 2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent. 3. (Arch.) A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt. Note: Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room. At the elbow, very near; at hand. -- Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor. [Low] -- Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. Totten. -- Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. Knight. -- Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances.\n\nTo push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another. They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange. Macaulay. To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd.\n\n1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow. 2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. \"Purseproud, elbowing Insolence.\" Grainger.", "elbowed": null, "elbowing": null, "elbowroom": "Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion or action; free scope. \"My soul hath elbowroom.\" Shak. Then came a stretch of grass and a little more elbowroom. W. G. Norris.", "elbows": "1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent. Her arms to the elbows naked. R. of Gloucester. 2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent. 3. (Arch.) A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt. Note: Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room. At the elbow, very near; at hand. -- Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor. [Low] -- Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. Totten. -- Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. Knight. -- Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances.\n\nTo push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another. They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange. Macaulay. To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd.\n\n1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow. 2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. \"Purseproud, elbowing Insolence.\" Grainger.", - "elbrus": null, "elder": "1. Older; more aged, or existing longer. Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed to Ant: younger, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc. The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23. But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. Keble. Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to play, first. Hoyle.\n\n1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1. 2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor. Carry your head as your elders have done. L'Estrange. 3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church. Note: In the modern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters. 4. (M. E. Ch.) A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a traveling elder. Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district. -- Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session. Schaff.\n\nA genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries. Note: The common North American species is Sambucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red- berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient. Box elder. See under 1st Box. -- Dwarf elder. See Danewort. -- Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak. -- Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus).", "elderberries": null, "elderberry": "The berrylike drupe of the elder. That of the Old World elder (Sambucus nigra) and that of the American sweet elder (S. Canadensis) are sweetish acid, and are eaten as a berry or made into wine.", "eldercare": null, "elderly": "Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; as, elderly people.", "elders": "1. Older; more aged, or existing longer. Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed to Ant: younger, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc. The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23. But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. Keble. Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to play, first. Hoyle.\n\n1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1. 2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor. Carry your head as your elders have done. L'Estrange. 3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church. Note: In the modern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters. 4. (M. E. Ch.) A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a traveling elder. Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district. -- Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session. Schaff.\n\nA genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries. Note: The common North American species is Sambucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red- berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient. Box elder. See under 1st Box. -- Dwarf elder. See Danewort. -- Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak. -- Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus).", - "eldersburg": null, "eldest": "1. Oldest; longest in duration. Shak. 2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See Elder. \"My lady's eldest son.\" Shak. Their eldest historians are of suspected credit. Bp. Stillingfleet. Eldest hand (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left hand. R. A. Proctor.", - "eldon": null, "eldritch": "Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local, Eng.]", - "eleanor": null, - "eleazar": null, "elect": "1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. \"Colors quaint elect.\" Spenser. 2. (Theol.) Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to eternal life. \"The elect angels.\" 1 Tim. v. 21. 3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; as, bishop elect; governor or mayor elect.\n\n1. One chosen or set apart. Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth. Is. xlii. 1. 2. pl. (Theol.) Those who are chosen for salvation. Shall not God avenge his won elect Luke xviii. 7.\n\n1. To pick out; to select; to choose. The deputy elected by the Lord. Shak. 2. To select or take for an office; to select by vote; as, to elect a representative, a president, or a governor. 3. (Theol.) To designate, choose, or select, as an object of mercy or favor. Syn. -- To choose; prefer; select. See Choose.", "electable": null, "elected": null, @@ -24722,7 +21911,6 @@ "electorate": "1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the old German empire. 2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them. The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold.", "electorates": "1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the old German empire. 2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them. The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold.", "electors": "1. One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who is entitled to take part in an election, or to give his vote in favor of a candidate for office. 2. Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally qualified to vote. 3. In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to choose the emperor. 4. One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the United States, to elect the President and Vice President.\n\nPertaining to an election or to electors. In favor of the electoral and other princes. Burke. Electoral college, the body of princes formerly entitled to elect the Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes given, in the United States, to the body of electors chosen by the people to elect the President and Vice President.", - "electra": null, "electric": "1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark. 2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an electric or electrical machine or substance. 3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. \"Electric Pindar.\" Mrs. Browning. Electric atmosphere, or Electric aura. See under Aura. -- Electrical battery. See Battery. -- Electrical brush. See under Brush. -- Electric cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Electric candle. See under Candle. -- Electric cat (Zoöl.), one of three or more large species of African catfish of the genus Malapterurus (esp. M. electricus of the Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also sheathfish. -- Electric clock. See under Clock, and see Electro-chronograph. -- Electric current, a current or stream of electricity traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means of conductors from one body to another which is in a different electrical state. -- Electric, or Electrical, eel (Zoöl.), a South American eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus Gymnotus (G. electricus), from two to five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See Gymnotus. -- Electrical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which has an electrical organ by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See Torpedo, and Gymnotus. -- Electric fluid, the supposed matter of electricity; lightning. -- Electrical image (Elec.), a collection of electrical points regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of electrical problems. Sir W. Thomson. -- Electrical light, the light produced by a current of electricity which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under Carbon. -- Electric, or Electrical, machine, an apparatus for generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction. -- Electric motor. See Electro-motor, 2. -- Electric osmose. (Physics) See under Osmose. -- Electric pen, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle. -- Electric railway, a railway in which the machinery for moving the cars is driven by an electric current. -- Electric ray (Zoöl.), the torpedo. -- Electric telegraph. See Telegraph.\n\nA nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc., employed to excite or accumulate electricity.", "electrical": "1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark. 2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an electric or electrical machine or substance. 3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. \"Electric Pindar.\" Mrs. Browning. Electric atmosphere, or Electric aura. See under Aura. -- Electrical battery. See Battery. -- Electrical brush. See under Brush. -- Electric cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Electric candle. See under Candle. -- Electric cat (Zoöl.), one of three or more large species of African catfish of the genus Malapterurus (esp. M. electricus of the Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also sheathfish. -- Electric clock. See under Clock, and see Electro-chronograph. -- Electric current, a current or stream of electricity traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means of conductors from one body to another which is in a different electrical state. -- Electric, or Electrical, eel (Zoöl.), a South American eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus Gymnotus (G. electricus), from two to five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See Gymnotus. -- Electrical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which has an electrical organ by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See Torpedo, and Gymnotus. -- Electric fluid, the supposed matter of electricity; lightning. -- Electrical image (Elec.), a collection of electrical points regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of electrical problems. Sir W. Thomson. -- Electrical light, the light produced by a current of electricity which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under Carbon. -- Electric, or Electrical, machine, an apparatus for generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction. -- Electric motor. See Electro-motor, 2. -- Electric osmose. (Physics) See under Osmose. -- Electric pen, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle. -- Electric railway, a railway in which the machinery for moving the cars is driven by an electric current. -- Electric ray (Zoöl.), the torpedo. -- Electric telegraph. See Telegraph.", "electrically": "In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly.", @@ -24804,7 +21992,6 @@ "elementally": "According to elements; literally; as, the words, \"Take, eat; this is my body,\" elementally understood.", "elementary": "1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance. 2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an elementary treatise. 3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire. \"Some luminous and fiery impressions in the elementary region.\" J. Spencer.", "elements": "1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. 2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen. Note: The elements are naturally classified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic weight or equivalent. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin. The Elements -------------------------------------------------------- ----Name |Sym-|Atomic Weight| |bol | O=16 | H=1 | ------------------- -----------------------------------------Aluminum | Al | 27.1 | 26.9| Antimony(Stibium) Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium (see Glucinum) Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Caesium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper (Cuprum) Erbium Fluorine Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Glucinum Gold Helium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron (Ferrum) Krypton Lanthanum Lead (Plumbum) Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Nickel Niobium (see Columbium) Nirogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Potassium (Kalium) Praseodymium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium -----------------------------------------------------------The Elements -- continued ----------------------------------------------- -------------Name Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver (Argentum) Sodium (Natrium) Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Tellurium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin (Stannum) Titanium Tungsten (Wolframium) Uranium Vanadium Wolfranium (see Tungsten) Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium ------------------------------------------------------\n\n1. To compound of elements or first principles. [Obs.] \"[Love] being elemented too.\" Donne. 2. To constitute; to make up with elements. His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness. Walton.", - "elena": null, "elephant": "1. (Zoöl.) A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing. 2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] Dryden. Elephant apple (Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by Feronia elephantum, a large tree related to the orange. -- Elephant bed (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil remains of elephants. Mantell. -- Elephant beetle (Zoöl.), any very large beetle of the genus Goliathus (esp. G. giganteus), of the family Scarabæidæ. They inhabit West Africa. -- Elephant fish (Zoöl.), a chimæroid fish (Callorhynchus antarcticus), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout. -- Elephant paper, paper of large size, 23 × 28 inches. -- Double elephant paper, paper measuring 26Paper. -- Elephant seal (Zoöl.), an African jumping shrew (Macroscelides typicus), having a long nose like a proboscis. -- Elephant's ear (Bot.), a name given to certain species of the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves. -- Elephant's foot (Bot.) (a) A South African plant (Testudinaria Elephantipes), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also tortoise plant. The interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called Hottentot's bread. (b) A genus (Elephantopus) of coarse, composite weeds. -- Elephant's tusk (Zoöl.), the tooth shell. See Dentalium.", "elephantiasis": "A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide.", "elephantine": "Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant (commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of elephantine proportions; an elephantine step or tread. Elephantine epoch (Geol.), the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms. Mantell. -- Elephantine tortoise (Zoöl.), a huge land tortoise; esp., Testudo elephantina, from islands in the Indian Ocean; and T. elephantopus, from the Galapagos Islands.", @@ -24826,9 +22013,6 @@ "elf": "1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally represented as delighting in mischievous tricks. Every elf, and fairy sprite, Hop as light as bird from brier. Shak. 2. A very diminutive person; a dwarf. Elf arrow, a flint arrowhead; - - so called by the English rural folk who often find these objects of prehistoric make in the fields and formerly attributed them to fairies; -- called also elf bolt, elf dart, and elf shot. -- Elf child, a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of one they had stolen. See Changeling. -- Elf fire, the ignis fatuus. Brewer. -- Elf owl (Zoöl.), a small owl (Micrathene Whitneyi) of Southern California and Arizona.\n\nTo entangle mischievously, as an elf might do. Elf all my hair in knots. Shak.", "elfin": "Relating to elves.\n\nA little elf or urchin. Shenstone.", "elfish": "Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird; scarcely human; mischievous, as though caused by elves. \"Elfish light.\" Coleridge. The elfish intelligence that was so familiar an expression on her small physiognomy. Hawthorne.", - "elgar": null, - "eli": null, - "elias": null, "elicit": "Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident. [Obs.] \"An elicit act of equity.\" Jer. Taylor.\n\nTo draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to elicit truth by discussion.", "elicitation": "The act of eliciting. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.", "elicited": null, @@ -24840,7 +22024,6 @@ "eliding": null, "eligibility": "The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; as, the eligibility of a candidate; the eligibility of an offer of marriage.", "eligible": "1. That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen; legally qualified to be elected and to hold office. 2. Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; as, an eligible situation for a house. The more eligible of the two evils. Burke.", - "elijah": null, "eliminate": "1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty. Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces of thought yet unexplored. Young. 2. (Alg.) To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an unknown quantity. 3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration. Eliminate errors that have been gathering and accumulating. Lowth. 4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; as, to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent, and not well authorized] 5. (Physiol.) To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; as, the kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to eliminate poison from the system.", "eliminated": null, "eliminates": "1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty. Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces of thought yet unexplored. Young. 2. (Alg.) To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an unknown quantity. 3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration. Eliminate errors that have been gathering and accumulating. Lowth. 4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; as, to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent, and not well authorized] 5. (Physiol.) To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; as, the kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to eliminate poison from the system.", @@ -24849,13 +22032,6 @@ "eliminations": "1. The act of expelling or throwing off; (Physiol.) the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances through the various emunctories. 2. (Alg.) Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an equation; especially, in the operation of deducing from several equations containing several unknown quantities a less number of equations containing a less number of unknown quantities. 3. The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of eliminating; deduction. [See Eliminate, 4.]", "eliminator": null, "eliminators": null, - "elinor": null, - "eliot": null, - "elisa": null, - "elisabeth": null, - "elise": null, - "eliseo": null, - "elisha": null, "elision": null, "elisions": null, "elite": "A choice or select body; the flower; as, the élite of society.", @@ -24865,22 +22041,9 @@ "elitists": null, "elixir": "1. (Med.) A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form. 2. (Alchemy) An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vitæ, or the elixir of life. 3. The refined spirit; the quintessence. The . . . elixir of worldly delights. South. 4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates. The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human nature. Addison.", "elixirs": "1. (Med.) A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form. 2. (Alchemy) An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vitæ, or the elixir of life. 3. The refined spirit; the quintessence. The . . . elixir of worldly delights. South. 4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates. The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human nature. Addison.", - "eliza": null, - "elizabeth": null, - "elizabethan": "Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan writers, drama, literature. -- n. One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Lowell.", - "elizabethans": "Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan writers, drama, literature. -- n. One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Lowell.", - "elizabethtown": null, "elk": "A large deer, of several species. The European elk (Alces machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose. The American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to the European stag. See Moose, and Wapiti. Irish elk (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also Illustration of Antler. -- Cape elk (Zoöl.), the eland.\n\nThe European wild or whistling swan (Cygnus ferus).", - "elkhart": null, "elks": "A large deer, of several species. The European elk (Alces machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose. The American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to the European stag. See Moose, and Wapiti. Irish elk (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also Illustration of Antler. -- Cape elk (Zoöl.), the eland.\n\nThe European wild or whistling swan (Cygnus ferus).", "ell": "A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.\n\nSee L.", - "ella": null, - "ellen": null, - "ellesmere": null, - "ellie": null, - "ellington": null, - "elliot": null, - "elliott": null, "ellipse": "1. (Geom.) An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus. 2. (Gram.) Omission. See Ellipsis. 3. The elliptical orbit of a planet. The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun; The dark Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse. Tennyson.", "ellipses": "1. (Geom.) An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus. 2. (Gram.) Omission. See Ellipsis. 3. The elliptical orbit of a planet. The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun; The dark Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse. Tennyson.", "ellipsis": "1. (Gram.) Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words, which are obviously understood, are omitted; as, the virtues I admire, for, the virtues which I admire. 2. (Geom.) An ellipse. [Obs.]", @@ -24890,25 +22053,15 @@ "elliptic": "1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends. The planets move in elliptic orbits. Cheyne. 2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase. Elliptic chuck. See under Chuck. -- Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses. -- Elliptic function. (Math.) See Function. -- Elliptic integral. (Math.) See Integral. -- Elliptic polarization. See under Polarization.", "elliptical": "1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends. The planets move in elliptic orbits. Cheyne. 2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase. Elliptic chuck. See under Chuck. -- Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses. -- Elliptic function. (Math.) See Function. -- Elliptic integral. (Math.) See Integral. -- Elliptic polarization. See under Polarization.", "elliptically": "1. In the form of an ellipse. 2. With a part omitted; as, elliptically expressed.", - "ellis": null, - "ellison": null, "ells": "A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.\n\nSee L.", "elm": "A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the slippery or red elm, U. fulva. Elm beetle (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles (esp. Galeruca calmariensis), which feed on the leaves of the elm. -- Elm borer (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles of which the larvæ bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. Saperda tridentata). -- Elm butterfly (Zoöl.), one of several species of butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp. Vanessa antiopa and Grapta comma). See Comma butterfly, under Comma. -- Elm moth (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of moths of which the larvæ destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. Eugonia subsignaria, called elm spanworm). -- Elm sawfly (Zoöl.), a large sawfly (Cimbex Americana). The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the elm.", - "elma": null, - "elmer": null, - "elmira": null, - "elmo": null, "elms": "A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the slippery or red elm, U. fulva. Elm beetle (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles (esp. Galeruca calmariensis), which feed on the leaves of the elm. -- Elm borer (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles of which the larvæ bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. Saperda tridentata). -- Elm butterfly (Zoöl.), one of several species of butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp. Vanessa antiopa and Grapta comma). See Comma butterfly, under Comma. -- Elm moth (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of moths of which the larvæ destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. Eugonia subsignaria, called elm spanworm). -- Elm sawfly (Zoöl.), a large sawfly (Cimbex Americana). The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the elm.", - "elnath": null, - "elnora": null, "elocution": "1. Utterance by speech. [R.] [Fruit] whose taste . . . Gave elocution to the mute, and taught The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise. Milton. 2. Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or reading in public; as, clear, impressive elocution. \"The elocution of a reader.\" Whately 3. Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent diction. [Obs.] To express these thoughts with elocution. Dryden.", "elocutionary": "Pertaining to elocution.", "elocutionist": "One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution.", "elocutionists": "One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution.", "elodea": null, "elodeas": null, - "elohim": "One of the principal names by which God is designated in the Hebrew Scriptures.", - "eloise": null, "elongate": "1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a line. 2. To remove further off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.\n\nTo depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.]\n\nDrawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. \"An elongate form.\" Earle.", "elongated": null, "elongates": "1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a line. 2. To remove further off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.\n\nTo depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.]\n\nDrawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. \"An elongate form.\" Earle.", @@ -24924,15 +22077,8 @@ "eloquence": "1. Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in public; the power of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate language either spoken or written, thereby producing conviction or persuasion. Eloquence is speaking out . . . out of the abundance of the heart. Hare. 2. Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and persuasive speech. Silence that spoke and eloquence of eyes. Pope. The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great actions are their eloquence. Macaulay. 3. That which is eloquently uttered or written. O, let my books be then the eloquence And dumb presagers of my speaking breast. Shak. Syn. -- Oratory; rhetoric.", "eloquent": "1. Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective manner; as, an eloquent orator or preacher. O Death, all-eloquent! You only prove What dust we dote on when 't is man we love. Pope. 2. Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts arguments with fluency and power; as, an eloquent address or statement; an eloquent appeal to a jury.", "eloquently": "In an eloquent manner.", - "eloy": null, - "elroy": null, - "elsa": null, "else": "Other; one or something beside; as, Who else is coming What else shall I give Do you expect anything else \"Bastards and else.\" Shak. Note: This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give the possessive form to else rather than to the substantive; as, somebody else's; no one else's. \"A boy who is fond of somebody else's pencil case.\" G. Eliot. \"A suit of clothes like everybody else's.\" Thackeray.\n\n1. Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; as, nowhere else; no one else. 2. Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the facts were different. For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it. Ps. li. 16. Note: After `or', else is sometimes used expletively, as simply noting an alternative. \"Will you give thanks, . . . or else shall I\" Shak.", "elsewhere": "1. In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found elsewhere. 2. In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; as, it is reported in town and elsewhere.", - "elsie": null, - "elsinore": null, - "eltanin": null, - "elton": null, "elucidate": "To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject.", "elucidated": null, "elucidates": "To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject.", @@ -24943,33 +22089,19 @@ "eluded": null, "eludes": "To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to escape from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected escape; to baffle; as, to elude an officer; to elude detection, inquiry, search, comprehension; to elude the force of an argument or a blow. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then, hid in shades, eludes he eager swain. Pope. The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a gradual process of which the stages elude close definition. Tylor. Syn. -- To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock; baffle; frustrate; foil.", "eluding": null, - "elul": "The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning, or the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly to the month of September.", "elusive": "Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious. Elusive of the bridal day, she gives Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives. Pope. -- E*lu\"sive*ly, adv. -- E*lu\"sive*ness, n.", "elusively": null, "elusiveness": null, - "elva": null, "elver": "A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also elvene.", "elvers": "A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also elvene.", "elves": "pl. of Elf.", - "elvia": null, - "elvin": null, - "elvira": null, - "elvis": null, "elvish": "1. Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also, vacant; absent in demeanor. See Elfish. He seemeth elvish by his countenance. Chaucer. 2. Mysterious; also, foolish. [Obs.]", - "elway": null, - "elwood": null, - "elyria": null, - "elysee": null, - "elysian": "Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. \"Elysian shades.\" Massinger. \"Elysian age.\" Beattie. This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian. Longfellow.", - "elysium": "1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise. 2. Hence, any delightful place. An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks. I. Taylor.", - "elysiums": "1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise. 2. Hence, any delightful place. An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks. I. Taylor.", "em": "The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a type.", "emaciate": "To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in flesh. \"He emaciated and pined away.\" Sir T. Browne.\n\nTo cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his sickness emaciated him.\n\nEmaciated. \"Emaciate steeds.\" T. Warton.", "emaciated": null, "emaciates": "To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in flesh. \"He emaciated and pined away.\" Sir T. Browne.\n\nTo cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his sickness emaciated him.\n\nEmaciated. \"Emaciate steeds.\" T. Warton.", "emaciating": null, "emaciation": "1. The act of making very lean. 2. The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition.", - "emacs": null, "email": null, "emailed": null, "emailing": null, @@ -24987,7 +22119,6 @@ "emancipation": "The act of setting free from the power of another, from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence; also, the state of being thus set free; liberation; as, the emancipation of slaves; the emancipation of minors; the emancipation of a person from prejudices; the emancipation of the mind from superstition; the emancipation of a nation from tyranny or subjection. Syn. -- Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission; enfranchisement.", "emancipator": "One who emancipates.", "emancipators": "One who emancipates.", - "emanuel": null, "emasculate": "1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to castrate; to geld. 2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness. Luxury had not emasculated their minds. V. Knox.\n\nDeprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. \"Emasculate slave.\" Hammond.", "emasculated": null, "emasculates": "1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to castrate; to geld. 2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness. Luxury had not emasculated their minds. V. Knox.\n\nDeprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. \"Emasculate slave.\" Hammond.", @@ -25132,7 +22263,6 @@ "emerging": null, "emerita": null, "emeritus": "Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; -- said of an officer of a college or pastor of a church.\n\nA veteran who has honorably completed his service.", - "emerson": null, "emery": "Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under Corundum. Emery board, cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient. -- Emery cloth or paper, cloth or paper on which the powder of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing. -- Emery wheel, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a buff wheel, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a glazer.", "emetic": "Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the mouth. -- n. A medicine which causes vomiting.", "emetics": "Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the mouth. -- n. A medicine which causes vomiting.", @@ -25148,12 +22278,6 @@ "emigrations": "1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western. 2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German emigration.", "emigre": "One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first Revolution, and who left their country in consequence.", "emigres": "One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first Revolution, and who left their country in consequence.", - "emil": null, - "emile": null, - "emilia": null, - "emilio": null, - "emily": null, - "eminem": null, "eminence": "1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height. Without either eminences or cavities. Dryden. The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence. Burke. 2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment. Milton. You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet Affected eminence, wealth, sovereignty. Shak. 3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.", "eminences": "1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height. Without either eminences or cavities. Dryden. The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence. Burke. 2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment. Milton. You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet Affected eminence, wealth, sovereignty. Shak. 3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.", "eminent": "1. High; lofty; towering; prominent. \"A very eminent promontory.\" Evelyn 2. Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth, high station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation; distinguished; conspicuous; as, an eminent station; an eminent historian, statements, statesman, or saint. Right of eminent domain. (Law) See under Domain. Syn. -- Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent; remarkable; distinguished; illustrious; famous; celebrated; renowned; well-known. See Distinguished.", @@ -25172,10 +22296,6 @@ "emitter": null, "emitters": null, "emitting": null, - "emma": null, - "emmanuel": "See Immanuel. Matt. i. 23.", - "emmett": null, - "emmy": null, "emo": null, "emoji": null, "emojis": null, @@ -25183,7 +22303,6 @@ "emollients": "Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient. \"Emollient applications.\" Arbuthnot.\n\nAn external something or soothing application to allay irritation, soreness, etc.", "emolument": "The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain; compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary. A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office. Bancroft.", "emoluments": "The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain; compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary. A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office. Bancroft.", - "emory": null, "emos": null, "emote": null, "emoted": null, @@ -25261,7 +22380,6 @@ "emptying": "1. The act of making empty. Shak. 2. pl. The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. [U.S.]", "empyrean": "The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist. The empyrean rung With hallelujahs. Milton.\n\nEmpyreal. Akenside.", "ems": "The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a type.", - "emt": null, "emu": "A large Australian bird, of two species (Dromaius Novæ- Hollandiæ and D. irroratus), related to the cassowary and the ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is unable to fly. [Written also emeu and emew.] Note: The name is sometimes erroneously applied, by the Brazilians, to the rhea, or South American ostrich. Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary.", "emulate": "Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous. [Obs.] \"A most emulate pride.\" Shak.\n\nTo strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to rival; as, to emulate the good and the great. Thine eye would emulate the diamond. Shak.", "emulated": null, @@ -25321,7 +22439,6 @@ "encapsulating": null, "encapsulation": "The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.", "encapsulations": "The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.", - "encarta": null, "encase": "To inclose as in a case. See Incase. Beau. & Fl.", "encased": null, "encasement": "1. The act of encasing; also, that which encases. 2. (Biol.) An old theory of generation similar to emboOvulist.", @@ -25504,8 +22621,6 @@ "endures": "1. To continue in the same state without perishing; to last; to remain. Their verdure still endure. Shak. He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not endure. Job viii. 15. 2. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out. Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee Ezek. xxii. 14.\n\n1. To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support without breaking or yielding; as, metals endure a certain degree of heat without melting; to endure wind and weather. Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure, As might the strokes of two such arms endure. Dryden. 2. To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or without sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear up under; to put up with; to tolerate. I will no longer endure it. Shak. Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake. 2 Tim. ii. 10. How can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people Esther viii. 6. 3. To harden; to toughen; to make hardy. [Obs.] Manly limbs endured with little ease. Spenser. Syn. -- To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to; suffer.", "enduring": "Lasting; durable; long-suffering; as, an enduring disposition. \"A better and enduring substance.\" Heb. x. 34. -- En*dur\"ing*ly, adv. T. Arnold. -- En*dur\"ing*ness, n.", "endways": "1. On end; erectly; in an upright position. 2. With the end forward.", - "endymion": null, - "ene": null, "enema": "An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or to impart nourishment. Hoblyn.", "enemas": "An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or to impart nourishment. Hoblyn.", "enemies": null, @@ -25551,7 +22666,6 @@ "enfranchisement": "1. Releasing from slavery or custody. Shak. 2. Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic; investiture with the privileges of free citizens. Enfranchisement of copyhold (Eng. Law), the conversion of a copyhold estate into a freehold. Mozley & W.", "enfranchises": "1. To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any binding power. Bacon. 2. To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body politic and thus to invest with civil and political privileges; to admit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To receive as denizens; to naturalize; as, to enfranchise foreign words. I. Watts.", "enfranchising": null, - "eng": null, "engage": "1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind by contract or promise. \"I to thee engaged a prince's word.\" Shak. 2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist; as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage men for service. 3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw. Good nature engages everybody to him. Addison. 4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to draw on. Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage. Pope. Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging him in conversation. Hawthorne. 5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict. A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy. Ludlow. 6. (Mach.) To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one cogwheel engage those of another, or one part of a clutch engages the other part.\n\n1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to become bound; to warrant. How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not. Fuller. 2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; as, to engage in controversy. 3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies engaged in a general battle. 4. (Mach.) To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.", "engaged": "1. Occupied; employed; busy. 2. Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections pledged; promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed. 3. Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest. 4. Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; as, the engaged ships continued the fight. Engaged column. (Arch.) Same as Attached column. See under Attach, v. t.", "engagement": "1. The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest. 2. The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif., a pledge to take some one as husband or wife. 3. That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of the attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract; an enterprise embarked in; as, his engagements prevented his acceptance of any office. Religion, which is the chief engagement of our league. Milton. 4. (Mil.) An action; a fight; a battle. In hot engagement with the Moors. Dryden. 5. (Mach.) The state of being in gear; as, one part of a clutch is brought into engagement with the other part. Syn. -- Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise; stipulation; betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight; contest; conflict. See Battle.", @@ -25559,7 +22673,6 @@ "engages": "1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind by contract or promise. \"I to thee engaged a prince's word.\" Shak. 2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist; as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage men for service. 3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw. Good nature engages everybody to him. Addison. 4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to draw on. Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage. Pope. Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging him in conversation. Hawthorne. 5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict. A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy. Ludlow. 6. (Mach.) To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one cogwheel engage those of another, or one part of a clutch engages the other part.\n\n1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to become bound; to warrant. How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not. Fuller. 2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; as, to engage in controversy. 3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies engaged in a general battle. 4. (Mach.) To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.", "engaging": "Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; as, engaging manners or address. -- En*ga\"ging*ly, adv. -- En*ga\"ging*ness, n. Engaging and disengaging gear or machinery, that in which, or by means of which, one part is alternately brought into gear or out of gear with another part, as occasion may require.", "engagingly": null, - "engels": null, "engender": "1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [R.] 2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds of; as, angry words engender strife. Engendering friendship in all parts of the common wealth. Southey. Syn. -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth; cause; excite; develop.\n\n1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced. Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there. Dryden. 2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. \"I saw their mouths engender.\" Massinger.\n\nOne who, or that which, engenders.", "engendered": null, "engendering": null, @@ -25570,14 +22683,6 @@ "engineering": "Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and machines; the occupation and work of an engineer. Note: In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes architecture as a mechanical art, in distinction from architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided into military engineering, which is the art of designing and constructing offensive and defensive works, and civil engineering, in a broad sense, as relating to other kinds of public works, machinery, etc. -- Civil engineering, in modern usage, is strictly the art of planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works, such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments, breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc. -- Mechanical engineering relates to machinery, such as steam engines, machine tools, mill work, etc. -- Mining engineering deals with the excavation and working of mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc. Engineering is further divided into steam engineering, gas engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical engineering, electrical engineering, etc.", "engineers": "1. A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of engineering. See under Engineering, n. 2. One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an engine driver. 3. One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance; an efficient manager. [Colloq.] Civil engineer, a person skilled in the science of civil engineering. -- Military engineer, one who executes engineering works of a military nature. See under Engineering.\n\n1. To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the work of an engineer on; as, to engineer a road. J. Hamilton. 2. To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of; to manage; as, to engineer a bill through Congress. [Colloq.]", "engines": "1. (Pronounced, in this sense, [Obs.] A man hath sapiences three, Memory, engine, and intellect also. Chaucer. 2. Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or contrivance; an agent. Shak. You see the ways the fisherman doth take To catch the fish; what engines doth he make Bunyan. Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all these engines of lust. Shak. 3. Any instrument by which any effect is produced; especially, an instrument or machine of war or torture. \"Terrible engines of death.\" Sir W. Raleigh. 4. (Mach.) A compound machine by which any physical power is applied to produce a given physical effect. Engine driver, one who manages an engine; specifically, the engineer of a locomotive. -- Engine lathe. (Mach.) See under Lathe. -- Engine tool, a machine tool. J. Whitworth. -- Engine turning (Fine Arts), a method of ornamentation by means of a rose engine. Note: The term engine is more commonly applied to massive machines, or to those giving power, or which produce some difficult result. Engines, as motors, are distinguished according to the source of power, as steam engine, air engine, electro-magnetic engine; or the purpose on account of which the power is applied, as fire engine, pumping engine, locomotive engine; or some peculiarity of construction or operation, as single-acting or double-acting engine, high-pressure or low-pressure engine, condensing engine, etc.\n\n1. To assault with an engine. [Obs.] To engine and batter our walls. T. Adams. 2. To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam vessels; as, vessels are often built by one firm and engined by another. 3. (Pronounced, in this sense, [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "england": null, - "english": "Of or pertaining to England, or to its inhabitants, or to the present so-called Anglo-Saxon race. English bond (Arch.) See 1st Bond, n., 8. -- English breakfast tea. See Congou. -- English horn. (Mus.) See Corno Inglese. -- English walnut. (Bot.) See under Walnut.\n\n1. Collectively, the people of England; English people or persons. 2. The language of England or of the English nation, and of their descendants in America, India, and other countries. Note: The English language has been variously divided into periods by different writers. In the division most commonly recognized, the first period dates from about 450 to 1150. This is the period of full inflection, and is called Anglo-Saxon, or, by many recent writers, Old English. The second period dates from about 1150 to 1550 (or, if four periods be recognized, from about 1150 to 1350), and is called Early English, Middle English, or more commonly (as in the usage of this book), Old English. During this period most of the inflections were dropped, and there was a great addition of French words to the language. The third period extends from about 1350 to 1550, and is Middle English. During this period orthography became comparatively fixed. The last period, from about 1550, is called Modern English. 3. A kind of printing type, in size between Pica and Great Primer. See Type. Note: The type called English. 4. (Billiards) A twist or spinning motion given to a ball in striking it that influences the direction it will take after touching a cushion or another ball. The King's, or Queen's, English. See under King.\n\n1. To translate into the English language; to Anglicize; hence, to interpret; to explain. Those gracious acts . . . may be Englished more properly, acts of fear and dissimulation. Milton. Caxton does not care to alter the French forms and words in the book which he was Englishing. T. L. K. Oliphant. 2. (Billiards) To strike (the cue ball) in such a manner as to give it in addition to its forward motion a spinning motion, that influences its direction after impact on another ball or the cushion. [U.S.]", - "englisher": null, - "englishes": null, - "englishman": "A native or a naturalized inhabitant of England.", - "englishmen": null, - "englishwoman": "Fem. of Englishman. Shak.", - "englishwomen": null, "engorge": "1. To gorge; to glut. Mir. for Mag. 2. To swallow with greediness or in large quantities; to devour. Spenser.\n\nTo feed with eagerness or voracity; to stuff one's self with food. Beaumont.", "engorged": "1. Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts. 2. (Med.) Filled to excess with blood or other liquid; congested.", "engorgement": "1. The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity; a glutting. 2. (Med.) An overfullness or obstruction of the vessels in some part of the system; congestion. Hoblyn. 3. (Metal.) The clogging of a blast furnace.", @@ -25610,13 +22715,10 @@ "enhancers": "One who enhances; one who, or that which, raises the amount, price, etc.", "enhances": "1. To raise or lift up; to exalt. [Obs.] Wyclif. Who, naught aghast, his mighty hand enhanced. Spenser. 2. To advance; to augment; to increase; to heighten; to make more costly or attractive; as, to enhance the price of commodities; to enhance beauty or kindness; hence, also, to render more heinous; to aggravate; as, to enhance crime. The reputation of ferocity enhanced the value of their services, in making them feared as well as hated. Southey.\n\nTo be raised up; to grow larger; as, a debt enhances rapidly by compound interest.", "enhancing": null, - "enid": null, - "enif": null, "enigma": "1. A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a statement, the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered or guessed. A custom was among the ancients of proposing an enigma at festivals. Pope. 2. An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; as, his conduct is an enigma.", "enigmas": "1. A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a statement, the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered or guessed. A custom was among the ancients of proposing an enigma at festivals. Pope. 2. An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; as, his conduct is an enigma.", "enigmatic": "Relating to or resembling an enigma; not easily explained or accounted for; darkly expressed; obscure; puzzling; as, an enigmatical answer.", "enigmatically": "Darkly; obscurely.", - "eniwetok": null, "enjambment": null, "enjambments": null, "enjoin": "1. To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge. High matter thou enjoin'st me. Milton. I am enjoined by oath to observe three things. Shak. 2. (Law) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or decree; to put an injunction on. This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from disturbing the plaintiffs. Kent. Note: Enjoin has the force of pressing admonition with authority; as, a parent enjoins on his children the duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of command; as, the duties enjoined by God in the moral law. \"This word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than command.\" Johnson.\n\nTo join or unite. [Obs.] Hooker.", @@ -25631,7 +22733,6 @@ "enjoyment": "1. The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or satisfaction, as in the possession or occupancy of anything; possession and use; as, the enjoyment of an estate. 2. That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction. The hope of everlasting enjoyments. Glanvill. Syn. -- Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition; happiness; felicity; delight.", "enjoyments": "1. The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or satisfaction, as in the possession or occupancy of anything; possession and use; as, the enjoyment of an estate. 2. That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction. The hope of everlasting enjoyments. Glanvill. Syn. -- Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition; happiness; felicity; delight.", "enjoys": "1. To take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of; to feel or perceive with pleasure; to be delighted with; as, to enjoy the dainties of a feast; to enjoy conversation. 2. To have, possess, and use with satisfaction; to occupy or have the benefit of, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable; as, to enjoy a free constitution and religious liberty. That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his fathers. Num. xxxvi. 8. To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season. Heb. xi. 25. 3. To have sexual intercourse with. Milton. To enjoy one's self, to feel pleasure; to be happy.\n\nTo take satisfaction; to live in happiness. [R.] Milton.", - "enkidu": null, "enlarge": "1. To make larger; to increase in quantity or dimensions; to extend in limits; to magnify; as, the body is enlarged by nutrition; to enlarge one's house. To enlarge their possessions of land. Locke. 2. To increase the capacity of; to expand; to give free scope or greater scope to; also, to dilate, as with joy, affection, and the like; as, knowledge enlarges the mind. O ye Corinthians, our . . . heart is enlarged. 2 Cor. vi. 11. 3. To set at large or set free. [Archaic] It will enlarge us from all restraints. Barrow. Enlarging hammer, a hammer with a slightly rounded face of large diameter; -- used by gold beaters. Knight. -- To enlarge an order or rule (Law), to extend the time for complying with it. Abbott. -- To enlarge one's self, to give free vent to speech; to spread out discourse. \"They enlarged themselves on this subject.\" Clarendon. -- To enlarge the heart, to make free, liberal, and charitable. Syn. -- To increase; extend; expand; spread; amplify; augment; magnify. See Increase.\n\n1. To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to expand; as, a plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a volume of air enlarges by rarefaction. 2. To speak or write at length; to be diffuse in speaking or writing; to expatiate; to dilate. To enlarge upon this theme. M. Arnold. 3. (Naut.) To get more astern or parallel with the vessel's course; to draw aft; -- said of the wind.", "enlargeable": null, "enlarged": "Made large or larger; extended; swollen. -- En*lar\"ged*ly, adv. -- En*lar\"ged*ness, n.", @@ -25672,13 +22773,11 @@ "ennobles": "1. To make noble; to elevate in degree, qualities, or excellence; to dignify. \"Ennobling all that he touches.\" Trench. What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards. Pope. 2. To raise to the rank of nobility; as, to ennoble a commoner. Syn. -- To raise; dignify; exalt; elevate; aggrandize.", "ennobling": null, "ennui": "A feeling of weariness and disgust; dullness and languor of spirits, arising from satiety or want of interest; tedium. T. Gray.", - "enoch": null, "enormities": null, "enormity": "1. The state or quality of exceeding a measure or rule, or of being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous. The enormity of his learned acquisitions. De Quincey. 2. That which is enormous; especially, an exceeding offense against order, right, or decency; an atrocious crime; flagitious villainy; an atrocity. These clamorous enormities which are grown too big and strong for law or shame. South.", "enormous": "1. Exceeding the usual rule, norm, or measure; out of due proportion; inordinate; abnormal. \"Enormous bliss.\" Milton. \"This enormous state.\" Shak. \"The hoop's enormous size.\" Jenyns. Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait. Milton. 2. Exceedingly wicked; outrageous; atrocious; monstrous; as, an enormous crime. That detestable profession of a life so enormous. Bale. Syn. -- Huge; vast; immoderate; immense; excessive; prodigious; monstrous. -- Enormous, Immense, Excessive. We speak of a thing as enormous when it overpasses its ordinary law of existence or far exceeds its proper average or standard, and becomes -- so to speak -- abnormal in its magnitude, degree, etc.; as, a man of enormous strength; a deed of enormous wickedness. Immense expresses somewhat indefinitely an immeasurable quantity or extent. Excessive is applied to what is beyond a just measure or amount, and is always used in an evil; as, enormous size; an enormous crime; an immense expenditure; the expanse of ocean is immense. \"Excessive levity and indulgence are ultimately excessive rigor.\" V. Knox. \"Complaisance becomes servitude when it is excessive.\" La Rochefoucauld (Trans).", "enormously": "In an enormous degree.", "enormousness": "The state of being enormous.", - "enos": null, "enough": "Satisfying desire; giving content; adequate to meet the want; sufficient; -- usually, and more elegantly, following the noun to which it belongs. How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare! Luke xv. 17.\n\n1. In a degree or quantity that satisfies; to satisfaction; sufficiently. 2. Fully; quite; -- used to express slight augmentation of the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very; as, he is ready enough to embrace the offer. I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio. Shak. Thou knowest well enough . . . that this is no time to lend money. Shak. 3. In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere acceptableness or acquiescence, and implying a degree or quantity rather less than is desired; as, the song was well enough. Note: Enough usually follows the word it modifies.\n\nA sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; as, he had enough to do take care of himself. \"Enough is as good as a feast.\" And Esau said, I have enough, my brother. Gen. xxxiii. 9.\n\nAn exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form of it is enough.", "enplane": null, "enplaned": null, @@ -25703,15 +22802,12 @@ "enriches": null, "enriching": null, "enrichment": "The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration; embellishment.", - "enrico": null, - "enrique": null, "enroll": "1. To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to leave in writing; as, to enroll men for service; to enroll a decree or a law; also, reflexively, to enlist. An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not enrolling. Milton. All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves. Prescott. 2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] Spenser.", "enrolled": null, "enrolling": null, "enrollment": "1. The act of enrolling; registration. Holland. 2. A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a record. Sir J. Davies.", "enrollments": "1. The act of enrolling; registration. Holland. 2. A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a record. Sir J. Davies.", "enrolls": "1. To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to leave in writing; as, to enroll men for service; to enroll a decree or a law; also, reflexively, to enlist. An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not enrolling. Milton. All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves. Prescott. 2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "enron": null, "ens": "1. (Metaph.) Entity, being, or existence; an actually existing being; also, God, as the Being of Beings. 2. (Chem.) Something supposed to condense within itself all the virtues and qualities of a substance from which it is extracted; essence. [Obs.]", "ensconce": "To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to place or hide securely; to conceal. She shall not see me: I will ensconce me behind the arras. Shak.", "ensconced": null, @@ -25942,38 +23038,28 @@ "enzymatic": null, "enzyme": "An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.", "enzymes": "An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.", - "eocene": "Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; as, Eocene deposits. -- n. The Eocene formation. Lyell.", - "eoe": null, "eolian": "1. Æolian. 2. (Geol.) Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as dunes. Eolian attachment, Eolian harp. See Æolian.", "eon": "1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space of time; an age. The eons of geological time. Huxley. 2. (Gnostic Philos.) One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal Being. Among the higher Æons are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life. Am. Cyc. Note: Eons were considered to be emanations sent forth by God from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the material and spiritual universe.", "eons": "1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space of time; an age. The eons of geological time. Huxley. 2. (Gnostic Philos.) One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal Being. Among the higher Æons are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life. Am. Cyc. Note: Eons were considered to be emanations sent forth by God from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the material and spiritual universe.", "eosinophil": null, "eosinophilic": null, "eosinophils": null, - "epa": null, "epaulet": "A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot. Note: In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.", "epaulets": "A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot. Note: In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.", - "epcot": null, "epee": null, "epees": null, "ephedrine": null, "ephemera": "1. (Med.) A fever of one day's continuance only. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of insects including the day flies, or ephemeral flies. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.", "ephemeral": "1. Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer than, a day; diurnal; as, an ephemeral flower. 2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only. \"Ephemeral popularity.\" V. Knox. Sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy. Sir J. Stephen. Ephemeral fly (Zoöl.), one of a group of neuropterous insects, belonging to the genus Ephemera and many allied genera, which live in the adult or winged state only for a short time. The larvæ are aquatic; -- called also day fly and May fly.\n\nAnything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral plant, insect, etc.", "ephemerally": null, - "ephesian": "Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia Minor.\n\n1. A native of Ephesus. 2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] Shak.", - "ephesians": "Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia Minor.\n\n1. A native of Ephesus. 2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] Shak.", - "ephesus": null, - "ephraim": "A hunter's name for the grizzly bear.", "epic": "Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are narrated in an elevated style. The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style and with fullness of detail. T. Arnold.\n\nAn epic or heroic poem. See Epic, a.", "epicenter": null, "epicenters": null, "epics": "Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are narrated in an elevated style. The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style and with fullness of detail. T. Arnold.\n\nAn epic or heroic poem. See Epic, a.", - "epictetus": null, "epicure": "1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the luxuries of the table. Syn. -- Voluptuary; sensualist.", "epicurean": "1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. \"The sect Epicurean.\" Milton. 2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious; pertaining to good eating. Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes. Prescott. Epicurean philosophy. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.\n\n1. A follower or Epicurus. 2. One given to epicurean indulgence.", "epicureans": "1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. \"The sect Epicurean.\" Milton. 2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious; pertaining to good eating. Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes. Prescott. Epicurean philosophy. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.\n\n1. A follower or Epicurus. 2. One given to epicurean indulgence.", "epicures": "1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the luxuries of the table. Syn. -- Voluptuary; sensualist.", - "epicurus": null, "epidemic": "1. (Med.) Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a community; -- applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time; as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic catarrh, fever, etc. See Endemic. 2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an epidemic evil. It was the epidemical sin of the nation. Bp. Burnet.\n\n1. (Med.) An epidemic disease. 2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of terror.", "epidemically": "In an epidemic manner.", "epidemics": "1. (Med.) Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a community; -- applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time; as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic catarrh, fever, etc. See Endemic. 2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an epidemic evil. It was the epidemical sin of the nation. Bp. Burnet.\n\n1. (Med.) An epidemic disease. 2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of terror.", @@ -26000,14 +23086,11 @@ "epileptics": "Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy.\n\n1. One affected with epilepsy. 2. A medicine for the cure of epilepsy.", "epilogue": "1. (Drama) A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues. Shak. 2. (Rhet.) The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion.", "epilogues": "1. (Drama) A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues. Shak. 2. (Rhet.) The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion.", - "epimethius": null, "epinephrine": null, "epiphanies": null, "epiphany": "1. An appearance, or a becoming manifest. Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in a glorious epiphany upon the mount. Jer. Taylor. An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should make its epiphany in Paris. De Quincey. 2. (Eccl.) A church festival celebrated on the 6th of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the visit of the Magi of the East to Bethlehem, to see and worship the child Jesus; or, as others maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi, symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles; Twelfthtide.", "episcopacy": "Government of the church by bishops; church government by three distinct orders of ministers -- bishops, priests, and deacons -- of whom the bishops have an authority superior and of a different kind.", "episcopal": "1. Governed by bishops; as, an episcopal church. 2. Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; as, episcopal jurisdiction or authority; the episcopal system.", - "episcopalian": "Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal; specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.\n\nOne who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.", - "episcopalians": "Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal; specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.\n\nOne who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.", "episcopate": "1. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop. 2. The collective body of bishops. 3. The time of a bishop's rule.\n\nTo act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. [Obs.] Feeding the flock episcopating. Milton.", "episode": "A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it.", "episodes": "A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it.", @@ -26041,9 +23124,6 @@ "epoxying": null, "epsilon": null, "epsilons": null, - "epsom": null, - "epson": null, - "epstein": null, "equability": "The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or uniformity; as, equability of temperature; the equability of the mind. For the celestial bodies, the equability and constancy of their motions argue them ordained by wisdom. Ray.", "equable": "1. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times; -- said of motion, and the like; uniform in surface; smooth; as, an equable plain or globe. 2. Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing; -- said of the feelings or temper.", "equably": "In an equable manner.", @@ -26120,7 +23200,6 @@ "equivocations": "The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, with a purpose to mislead. There being no room for equivocations, there is no need of distinctions. Locke. Syn. -- Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling. See Equivocal, a., and Prevaricate, v. i.", "equivocator": "One who equivocates. Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Shak.", "equivocators": "One who equivocates. Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Shak.", - "equuleus": null, "er": null, "era": "1. A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of years is reckoned. The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by Ideler to have been an era. R. S. Poole. 2. A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a succession of years dating from some important event; as, the era of Alexander; the era of Christ, or the Christian era (see under Christian). The first century of our era. M. Arnold. 3. A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal stage of history; an epoch. Painting may truly be said to have opened the new era of culture. J. A. Symonds. Syn. -- Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See Epoch.", "eradicable": "Capable of being eradicated.", @@ -26139,14 +23218,10 @@ "erasers": "One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc.", "erases": "1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved, or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out; as, to erase a word or a name. 2. Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; -- used of ideas in the mind or memory. Burke.", "erasing": null, - "erasmus": null, "erasure": "The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.", "erasures": "The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.", - "erato": "The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry.", - "eratosthenes": null, "erbium": "A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.", "ere": "1. Before; sooner than. [Archaic or Poetic] Myself was stirring ere the break of day. Shak. Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore. Dryden. Sir, come down ere my child die. John iv. 49. 2. Rather than. I will be thrown into Etna, . . . ere I will leave her. Shak. Ere long, before, shortly. Shak. -- Ere now, formerly, heretofore. Shak. -- Ere that, and Or are. Same as Ere. Shak.\n\nTo plow. [Obs.] See Ear, v. t. Chaucer.", - "erebus": "1. (Greek Myth.) A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy space through which the souls passed to Hades. See Milton's \"Paradise Lost,\" Book II., line 883. 2. (Greek Myth.) The son of Chaos and brother of Nox, who dwelt in Erebus. To the infernal deep, with Erebus and tortures vile. Shak.", "erect": "1. Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not leaning or bent; not prone; as, to stand erect. Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton. Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still erect -- a column of ruins. Gibbon. 2. Directed upward; raised; uplifted. His piercing eyes, erect, appear to view Superior worlds, and look all nature through. Pope. 3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed. But who is he, by years Bowed, but erect in heart Keble. 4. Watchful; alert. Vigilant and erect attention of mind. Hooker. 5. (Bot.) Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to the surface to which it is attached. 6. (Her.) Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.\n\n1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc. 2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to erect a house or a fort; to set up; to put together the component parts of, as of a machine. 3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify. That didst his state above his hopes erect. Daniel. I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge. Dryden. 4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer. It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance. Barrow. 5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the like. \"To erect conclusions.\" Sir T. Browne. \"Malebranche erects this proposition.\" Locke. 6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. \"To erect a new commonwealth.\" Hooker. Erecting shop (Mach.), a place where large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted. Syn. -- To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute; establish; found.\n\nTo rise upright. [Obs.] By wet, stalks do erect. Bacon.", "erected": null, "erectile": "Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of dilated. Erectile tissue (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous blood vessels which it contains.", @@ -26161,7 +23236,6 @@ "erelong": "Before the ere long. A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him. Spenser. The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep. Milton.", "eremite": "A hermit. Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. Keats.", "eremites": "A hermit. Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. Keats.", - "erewhon": null, "erg": "The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.", "ergo": "Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way. Shak.", "ergonomic": null, @@ -26170,42 +23244,14 @@ "ergosterol": null, "ergot": "1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic fungus, Claviceps purpurea. 2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest bleeding. 3. (Far.) A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint. 4. (Anat.) See 2d Calcar, 3 (b).", "ergs": "The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.", - "erhard": null, - "eric": "A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person.", - "erica": "A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them producing beautiful flowers.", - "erich": null, - "erick": null, - "ericka": null, - "erickson": null, - "eridanus": "A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus and containing the bright star Achernar.", - "erie": null, - "erik": null, - "erika": null, - "erin": "An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.", - "eris": null, - "erises": null, - "eritrea": null, - "eritrean": null, - "eritreans": null, - "erlang": null, - "erlenmeyer": null, - "erma": null, "ermine": "1. (Zoöl.) A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (M. erminea), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black. 2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals throughout the white. 3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain. Chatham. 4. (Her.) One of the furs. See Fur (Her.) Note: Ermine is represented by an argent field, tufted with black. Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered with argent. Erminois is the same as ermine, except that or is substituted for argent. Ermine moth (Zoöl.), a white moth with black spots (esp. Yponomeuta padella of Europe); -- so called on account of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of America.\n\nTo clothe with, or as with, ermine. The snows that have ermined it in the winter. Lowell.", "ermines": "See Note under Ermine, n., 4.", - "erna": null, - "ernest": "See Earnest. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "ernestine": null, - "ernesto": null, - "ernie": null, - "ernst": null, "erode": "To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh. \"The blood . . . erodes the vessels.\" Wiseman. The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun. Am. Cyc.", "eroded": "1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away. 2. (Bot.) Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly toothed.", "erodes": "To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh. \"The blood . . . erodes the vessels.\" Wiseman. The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun. Am. Cyc.", "erodible": null, "eroding": null, "erogenous": null, - "eros": "Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.", - "eroses": "1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away. 2. (Bot.) Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed. -- E*rose\"ly, adv.", "erosion": "1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away. 2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.", "erosive": "That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode; corrosive. Humble.", "erotic": "Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love; amatory.\n\nAn amorous composition or poem.", @@ -26224,7 +23270,6 @@ "erratum": "An error or mistake in writing or printing. A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole passage. Cowper.", "erred": null, "erring": null, - "errol": null, "erroneous": "1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; -- hence, irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] \"Erroneous circulation.\" Arbuthnot. Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have disturbed the vision. Sir I. Newman. 2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.] An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit. Jer. Taylor. 3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect; false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine; erroneous opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc. -- Er*ro\"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Er*ro\"ne*ous*ness, n.", "erroneously": null, "error": "1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.] The rest of his journey, his error by sea. B. Jonson. 2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error. 3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension. Herror, though his candor remained unimpaired. Bancroft. 4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault. Ps. xix. 12. 5. (Math.) The difference between the approximate result and the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position. 6. (Mensuration) (a) The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity. (b) The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called residual error. 7. (Law.) A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact. 8. (Baseball) A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base. Law of error, or Law of frequency of error (Mensuration), the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a quantity. -- Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable. -- Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court. Bouvier. Burrill. Syn. -- Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion; hallucination; sin. See Blunder.", @@ -26232,7 +23277,6 @@ "errs": "1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] \"Why wilt thou err from me\" Keble. What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one of them hath erred. Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12). 2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. \"My jealous aim might err.\" Shak. 3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken. The man may err in his judgment of circumstances. Tillotson. 4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin. Do they not err that devise evil Prov. xiv. 22. 5. To offend, as by erring.", "ersatz": null, "ersatzes": null, - "erse": "A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the Highlanders, Gaelic.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of Scotland, or to their language.", "erst": "1. First. Chaucer. 2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. Chaucer. Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all ambition to match his pastoral pipe. A. W. Ward. At erst, at first; at the beginning. -- Now at erst, at this present time. Chaucer.", "erstwhile": "Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic]", "eruct": "To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] Howell.", @@ -26251,14 +23295,11 @@ "eruptions": "1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: (a) A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust. (b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed men from one country to another. Milton. (c) A violent commotion. All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's eruption. W. Irving. 2. That which bursts forth. 3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation. He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate eruditions. Sir H. Wotton. 4. (Med.) The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in measles, scarlatina, etc.", "eruptive": "1. Breaking out or bursting forth. The sudden glance Appears far south eruptive through the cloud. Thomson. 2. (Med.) Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; as, an eruptive fever. 3. (Geol.) Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic.\n\nAn eruptive rock.", "erupts": "To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava. Huxley.", - "ervin": null, - "erwin": null, "erysipelas": "St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically.", "erythrocyte": null, "erythrocytes": null, "erythromycin": null, "es": "1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet. Note: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Phoenician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara. Note: The letter e has in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in mane, as in cane, m, which without the final e would be pronounced m, c, m. After c and g, the final e indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively, as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97. 2. (Mus.) E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. E (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E.", - "esau": null, "escalate": null, "escalated": null, "escalates": null, @@ -26297,13 +23338,10 @@ "escarpments": "A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp.", "eschatological": "Pertaining to the last or final things.", "eschatology": "The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected.", - "escher": null, - "escherichia": null, "eschew": "1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of. They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge. 2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.] He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. Sandys.", "eschewed": null, "eschewing": null, "eschews": "1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of. They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge. 2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.] He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. Sandys.", - "escondido": null, "escort": "1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea. The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate. Burke. 2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to travel under the escort of a friend.\n\nTo attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon. Syn. -- To accompany; attend. See Accompany.", "escorted": null, "escorting": null, @@ -26316,11 +23354,6 @@ "escudos": null, "escutcheon": "1. (Her.) The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the other side sinister. Note: The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point. 2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L. Flint. 3. (Naut.) That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R. H. Dane, Jr. 4. (Carp.) A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole. 5. (Zoöl.) The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area. Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement.", "escutcheons": "1. (Her.) The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the other side sinister. Note: The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point. 2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L. Flint. 3. (Naut.) That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R. H. Dane, Jr. 4. (Carp.) A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole. 5. (Zoöl.) The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area. Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement.", - "ese": "Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "eskimo": "One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written also Esquimau.] Eskimo dog (Zoöl.), one of breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.", - "eskimos": "One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written also Esquimau.] Eskimo dog (Zoöl.), one of breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.", - "esl": null, - "esmeralda": null, "esophageal": "Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also .]", "esophagi": null, "esophagus": "That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive. [Written also .]", @@ -26335,15 +23368,11 @@ "espaliers": "A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained. And figs from standard and espalier join. Pope.\n\nTo form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.", "especial": "Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special; concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree. Syn. -- Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See Peculiar.", "especially": "In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an uncommon degree.", - "esperanto": "An artificial language, intended to be universal, devised by Dr. Zamenhof, a Russian, who adopted the pseudonym \"Dr. Esperanto\" in publishing his first pamphlet regarding it in 1887. The vocabulary is very largely based upon words common to the chief European languages, and sounds peculiar to any one language are eliminated. The spelling is phonetic, and the accent (stress) is always on the penult. -- Es`pe*ran\"tist (#), n.", - "esperanza": null, "espied": null, "espies": null, - "espinoza": null, "espionage": "The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.", "esplanade": "1. (Fort.) (a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ). (b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country. 2. (Hort.) A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds. 3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside.", "esplanades": "1. (Fort.) (a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ). (b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country. 2. (Hort.) A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds. 3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside.", - "espn": null, "espousal": "1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony. 2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance; adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel. The open espousal of his cause. Lord Orford.", "espouse": "1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse. A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph. Luke i. 27. 2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry. Lavinia will I make my empress, . . . And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse. Shak. 3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace. \"He espoused that quarrel.\" Bacon. Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as he got out of the war. Bp. Burnet.", "espoused": null, @@ -26354,10 +23383,8 @@ "esprit": "Spirit. Esprit de corps (, a French phrase much used by English writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole.", "espy": "1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; as, to espy land; to espy a man in a crowd. As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, . . . he espied his money. Gen. xlii. 27. A goodly vessel did I then espy Come like a giant from a haven broad. Wordsworth. 2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to observe. He sends angels to espy us in all our ways. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.\n\nTo look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take notice; to spy. Stand by the way, and espy. Jer. xlviii. 19.\n\nA spy; a scout. [Obs.] Huloet.", "espying": null, - "esq": null, "esquire": "Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; -- often shortened to squire. Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr.\n\nTo wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend. [Colloq.]", "esquires": "Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; -- often shortened to squire. Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr.\n\nTo wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend. [Colloq.]", - "esr": null, "essay": "1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. \"The essay at organization.\" M. Arnold. 2. (Lit.) A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce. 3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.] Syn. -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.\n\n1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try. What marvel if I thus essay to sing Byron. Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson. A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible. J. C. Shairp. 2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke.", "essayed": null, "essayer": "One who essays. Addison.", @@ -26366,16 +23393,11 @@ "essayist": "A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.", "essayists": "A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.", "essays": "1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. \"The essay at organization.\" M. Arnold. 2. (Lit.) A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce. 3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.] Syn. -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.\n\n1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try. What marvel if I thus essay to sing Byron. Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson. A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible. J. C. Shairp. 2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke.", - "essen": null, "essence": "1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence. 2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts. The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under. Landor. Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity]. Addison. The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope. 3. Constituent substance. And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton. 4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being. As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton. He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving. 5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like. The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb \"to be,\" it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle. J. S. Mill. 6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. Nor let the essences exhale. Pope.\n\nTo perfume; to scent. \"Essenced fops.\" Addison.", "essences": "1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence. 2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts. The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under. Landor. Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity]. Addison. The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope. 3. Constituent substance. And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton. 4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being. As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton. He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving. 5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like. The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb \"to be,\" it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle. J. S. Mill. 6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. Nor let the essences exhale. Pope.\n\nTo perfume; to scent. \"Essenced fops.\" Addison.", - "essene": "One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.", "essential": "1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne. 2. Hence, really existing; existent. Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing Webster (1623). 3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary. Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham. How to live -- that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer. 4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. \"Mine own essential horror.\" Ford. 5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones. 6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. -- Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. -- Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.\n\n1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton. 2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials or religion.", "essentially": "In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different.", "essentials": "1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne. 2. Hence, really existing; existent. Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing Webster (1623). 3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary. Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham. How to live -- that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer. 4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. \"Mine own essential horror.\" Ford. 5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones. 6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. -- Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. -- Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.\n\n1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton. 2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials or religion.", - "essequibo": null, - "essex": null, - "essie": null, "est": "East. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "establish": "1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm. So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5. The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down. Burke. Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft. 2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain. By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates. Shak. Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed. Dan. vi. 8. 3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions. He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18. Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12. 4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15. 5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.", "established": null, @@ -26385,19 +23407,12 @@ "establishments": "1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation. 2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state. 3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment. Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving. Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.", "estate": "1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. \"When I came to man's estate.\" Shak. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16. 2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor. 3. A person of high rank. [Obs.] She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer. Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21. 4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden. 5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.] I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon. 6. pl. The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons. 7. (Law) The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press.\n\n1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak. 3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic] Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson.", "estates": "1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. \"When I came to man's estate.\" Shak. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16. 2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor. 3. A person of high rank. [Obs.] She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer. Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21. 4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden. 5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.] I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon. 6. pl. The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons. 7. (Law) The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press.\n\n1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak. 3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic] Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson.", - "esteban": null, "esteem": "1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon. Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15. Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner. Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne. 2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. Will he esteem thy riches Job xxxvi. 19. You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson. Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See Appreciate, Estimate.\n\nTo form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider. [Obs.] We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force. Milton.\n\n1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price. Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak. I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster. 2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth. Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak. Syn. -- See Estimate, n.", "esteemed": null, "esteeming": null, "esteems": "1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon. Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15. Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner. Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne. 2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. Will he esteem thy riches Job xxxvi. 19. You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson. Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See Appreciate, Estimate.\n\nTo form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider. [Obs.] We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force. Milton.\n\n1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price. Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak. I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster. 2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth. Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak. Syn. -- See Estimate, n.", - "estela": null, - "estella": null, - "estelle": null, "ester": "An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.", - "esterhazy": null, "esters": "An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.", - "estes": null, - "esther": null, "estimable": "1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. . 2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.] A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak. 3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard. A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. Sir W. Temple.\n\nA thing worthy of regard. [R.] One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne.", "estimate": "1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person. It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke. It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living. J. C. Shairp. 2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land. Syn. -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. -- To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See Appreciate.\n\nA valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond. Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed. J. C. Shairp. Syn. -- Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, \"If he be poorer than thy estimation.\" Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, \"I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation.\" Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. \"Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection.\" Gogan. No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just estimation prized above all price. Cowper.", "estimated": null, @@ -26407,11 +23422,7 @@ "estimations": "1. The act of estimating. Shak. 2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities. If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him. Lev. xxvii. 8. 3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor. I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10. 4. Supposition; conjecture. I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I know. Shak. Syn. -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See Estimate, n.", "estimator": "One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.", "estimators": "One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.", - "estonia": null, - "estonian": null, - "estonians": null, "estoppel": "(a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.", - "estrada": null, "estradiol": null, "estrange": "1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with. We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced. Glanvill. Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent. Hooker. 2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate. They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods. Jer. xix. 4. 3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference. I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me. Pope. He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them. Macaulay.", "estranged": null, @@ -26426,7 +23437,6 @@ "estruses": null, "estuaries": null, "estuary": "1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle. 2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith. it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries. Dana.\n\nBelonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata. Lyell.", - "et": null, "eta": null, "etas": null, "etc": null, @@ -26437,28 +23447,20 @@ "etches": null, "etching": "1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t. 2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching. 3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.", "etchings": "1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t. 2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching. 3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.", - "etd": null, "eternal": "1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut. xxxiii. 27. To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal. Locke. 2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal. That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory. 2 Tim. ii. 10. 3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant. And fires eternal in thy temple shine. Dryden. 4. Existing at all times without change; immutable. Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. Dryden. What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times M. Arnold. 5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive. \"Some eternal villain.\" The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome. Syn. -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting.\n\n1. One of the appellations of God. Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. Hooker. 2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.", "eternally": "In an eternal manner. That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must be also eternally and unchangeably so. South. Where western gales eternally reside. Addison.", "eternalness": null, "eternities": null, "eternity": "1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. 2. Condition which begins at death; immortality. Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity. Shak.", - "ethan": null, "ethane": "A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.", "ethanol": null, - "ethel": "Noble. [Obs.]", - "ethelred": null, "ether": "1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether. 2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself. 3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.ethyl ether. (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether. Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. -- Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. -- Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.", "ethereal": "1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions. Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. Milton. 2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc. Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man. Pope. 3. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts. Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or oenanthic ether). -- Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.", "ethereally": "In an ethereal manner.", - "ethernet": null, "ethic": "Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy. The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench. Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit How does my friend Celsus do", "ethical": "Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy. The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench. Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit How does my friend Celsus do", "ethically": "According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.", "ethics": "The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics. The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught. I. Taylor.", - "ethiopia": null, - "ethiopian": "A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.\n\nOf or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.", - "ethiopians": "A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.\n\nOf or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.", "ethmoid": "(a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.\n\nThe ethmoid bone.", "ethnic": "1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological. 2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian.\n\nA heathen; a pagan. [Obs.] No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs. Milton.", "ethnically": "In an ethnical manner.", @@ -26489,11 +23491,6 @@ "etiologies": null, "etiology": "The science of causes. Same as tiology.", "etiquette": "The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society. The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the Fourteenth. Prescott.", - "etna": "A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is furnished by a spirit lamp. There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup of coffee in a hurry. V. Baker.", - "eton": null, - "etruria": null, - "etruscan": "Of or relating to Etruria. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Etruria.", - "etta": null, "etude": "1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study. 2. (Mus.) A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution.", "etudes": "1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study. 2. (Mus.) A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution.", "etymological": "Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words. -- Et`y*mo*log\"ic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -26502,34 +23499,22 @@ "etymologist": "One who investigates the derivation of words.", "etymologists": "One who investigates the derivation of words.", "etymology": "1. That branch of philological science which treats of the history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes of from and meaning. 2. That pert of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of the words in a language; inflection.", - "eu": "A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well, good, advantageous; -- the opposite of dys-.", "eucalypti": null, "eucalyptus": "A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height even of the California Sequoia. Note: They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called gum trees, and their timber is of great value. Eucalyptus Globulus is the blue gum; E. aigantea, the stringy bark: E. amygdalina, the peppermint tree. E. Gunnii, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Center species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting groves of these trees.", "eucalyptuses": null, - "eucharist": "1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.] Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and hallelujahs. South. 2. (Eccl.) The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion. -- See Sacrament.", - "eucharistic": "1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.] The eucharistical part of our daily devotions. Ray. 2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. \"The eucharistic sacrament.\" Sir. G. C. Lewis.", - "eucharists": "1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.] Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and hallelujahs. South. 2. (Eccl.) The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion. -- See Sacrament.", "euchre": "A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower.\n\n1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump. 2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]", "euchred": null, "euchres": "A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower.\n\n1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump. 2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]", "euchring": null, - "euclid": "A Greek geometer of the 3d century", "euclidean": null, - "eugene": null, - "eugenia": "A genus of mytraceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.", "eugenic": "Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid.\n\nWell-born; of high birth. Atlantic Monthly.", "eugenically": null, "eugenicist": null, "eugenicists": null, "eugenics": "The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. F. Galton.", - "eugenie": null, - "eugenio": null, "eukaryote": null, "eukaryotes": null, "eukaryotic": null, - "eula": null, - "eulas": null, - "euler": null, "eulogies": null, "eulogist": "One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast. Buckle.", "eulogistic": "Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as, eulogistic speech or discourse. -- Eu\"lo*gis\"tic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -26541,8 +23526,6 @@ "eulogizes": "To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in speech or writing; to praise.", "eulogizing": null, "eulogy": "A speech or writing in commendation of the character or services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth. Eulogies turn into elegies. Spenser. Syn. -- Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause. -- Eulogy, Eulogium, Encomium, Panegyric. The idea of praise is common to all these words. The word encomium is used of both persons and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm praise. Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more studied and of greater length. A panegyric was originally a set speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise, especially as to personal character. We may bestow encomiums on any work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the performer; we bestow eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce a panegyric before an assembly gathered for the occasion.", - "eumenides": "A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.", - "eunice": null, "eunuch": "A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.\n\nTo make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T. Browne.", "eunuchs": "A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.\n\nTo make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T. Browne.", "euphemism": "A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive expression; a mild name for something disagreeable.", @@ -26555,27 +23538,11 @@ "euphoria": null, "euphoric": null, "euphorically": null, - "euphrates": null, - "eur": null, - "eurasia": null, - "eurasian": "1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other. 2. One born of European parents in Asia.\n\nOf European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.", - "eurasians": "1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other. 2. One born of European parents in Asia.\n\nOf European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.", "eureka": "The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have cried out \"Eureka! eureka!\" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph concerning a discovery.", - "euripides": null, "euro": null, - "eurodollar": null, - "eurodollars": null, - "europa": null, - "europe": null, - "european": "Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants. On the European plain, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels. [U. S.]\n\nA native or an inhabitant of Europe.", - "europeans": "Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants. On the European plain, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels. [U. S.]\n\nA native or an inhabitant of Europe.", "europium": "A metallic element of the rare-earth group, discovered spectroscopically by Demarcay in 1896. Symbol, Eu; at. wt., 152.0.", "euros": null, - "eurydice": null, - "eustachian": "(a) Discovered by Eustachius. (b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian catheter. Eustachian catheter, a tubular instrument to be introduced into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through the nose or mouth. -- Eustrachian tube (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of the ear to the pharynx. See Ear. -- Eustachian valve (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless in the adult.", - "eustis": null, "eutectic": "Of maximum fusibility; -- said of an alloy or mixture which has the lowest melting point which it is possible to obtain by the combination of the given components.", - "euterpe": "1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over music. 2. (Bot.) A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant trees.", "euthanasia": "An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired. \"An euthanasia of all thought.\" Hazlitt. The kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia. Arbuthnot.", "euthanize": null, "euthanized": null, @@ -26583,7 +23550,6 @@ "euthanizing": null, "euthenics": null, "eutrophication": null, - "eva": null, "evacuate": "1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; as, to evacuate a vessel or dish. 2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.] Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important meaning. Coleriage. 3. To remove; to eject; to void; o discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels. 4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a country, city, or fortress. The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country. Burke. 5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a contract or marriage. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nTo let blood [Obs.] Burton.", "evacuated": null, "evacuates": "1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; as, to evacuate a vessel or dish. 2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.] Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important meaning. Coleriage. 3. To remove; to eject; to void; o discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels. 4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a country, city, or fortress. The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country. Burke. 5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a contract or marriage. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nTo let blood [Obs.] Burton.", @@ -26607,7 +23573,6 @@ "evaluative": null, "evaluator": null, "evaluators": null, - "evan": null, "evanescence": "The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; as, the evanescence of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes. Rambler.", "evanescent": "1. Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing; fleeting; as, evanescent joys. So evanescent are the fashions of the world in these particulars. Hawthorne. 2. Vanishing from notice; imperceptible. The difference between right and wrong, is some petty cases, is almost evanescent. Wollaston.", "evangelic": "Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical. \"Evangelic truth.\" J. Foster.", @@ -26615,8 +23580,6 @@ "evangelicalism": "Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism. G. Eliot.", "evangelically": "In an evangelical manner.", "evangelicals": "1. Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; as, the evangelical history. 2. Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in, the gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; as, evangelical religion. 3. Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; preëminetly orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of \"Justification by Faith alone\"; the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion bodies not regarded as orthodox. Evangelical Alliance, an alliance for mutual strengthening and common work, comprising Christians of different denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool, England, in 1845. -- Evangelical Church. (a) The Protestant Church in Germany. (b) A church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany in 1817. -- Evangelical Union, a religion sect founded in Scotland in 1843 by the Rev. James Morison; -- called also Morisonians.\n\nOne of evangelical principles.", - "evangelina": null, - "evangeline": null, "evangelism": "The preaching or promulgation of the gospel. Bacon.", "evangelist": "A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines. Specially: (a) A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way for a resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher. (b) A writer of one of the four Gospels (With the definite article); as, the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. (c) A traveling preacher whose efforts are chiefly directed to arouse to immediate repentance. The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might claim the tittle though there were many evangelists who were not Apistles. Plumptre.", "evangelistic": "Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to evangelize; evangelical; as, evangelistic efforts.", @@ -26625,8 +23588,6 @@ "evangelized": null, "evangelizes": "To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to convert to Christianity; as, to evangelize the world. His apostles whom he sends To evangelize the nations. Milton.\n\nTo preach the gospel.", "evangelizing": null, - "evans": null, - "evansville": null, "evaporate": "1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in practice too minute to be visible. 2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted, as, the spirit of writer often evaporates in the process of translation. To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to evaporate . . . is a safe way. Bacon.\n\n1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes. 2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; as, to evaporate apples. 3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.] My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a sonnet. Sir. H. Wotton. Evaporating surface (Steam Boilers), that part of the heating surface with which water is in contact.\n\nDispersed in vapors. Thomson.", "evaporated": null, "evaporates": "1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in practice too minute to be visible. 2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted, as, the spirit of writer often evaporates in the process of translation. To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to evaporate . . . is a safe way. Bacon.\n\n1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes. 2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; as, to evaporate apples. 3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.] My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a sonnet. Sir. H. Wotton. Evaporating surface (Steam Boilers), that part of the heating surface with which water is in contact.\n\nDispersed in vapors. Thomson.", @@ -26640,7 +23601,6 @@ "evasively": null, "evasiveness": null, "eve": "1. Evening. [Poetic] Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze. Thomson. 2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight; as, Christians eve is the evening before Christmas; also, the period immediately preceding some important event. \"On the eve of death.\" Keble. Eve churr (Zoöl), the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also night churr, and churr owl.", - "evelyn": null, "even": "Evening. See Eve, n. 1. [Poetic.] Shak.\n\n1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; as, even ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct. 2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self- possessed; as, an even temper. 3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit. And shall lay thee even with the ground. Luke xix. 44. 4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; as, our accounts are even; an even bargain. To make the even truth in pleasure flow. Shak. 5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. \"I know my life so even.\" Shak. 6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] \"His even servant.\" Wyclif (Matt. 7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers. Whether the number of the stars is even or odd. Jer. Taylor. On even ground, with equal advantage. -- On even keel (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position.\n\n1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth. His temple Xerxes evened with the soil. Sir. W. Raleigh. It will even all inequalities Evelyn. 2. To equal [Obs.] \"To even him in valor.\" Fuller. 3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits. Shak. 4. To set right; to complete. 5. To act up to; to keep pace with. Shak.\n\nTo be equal. [Obs.] R. Carew.\n\n1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just; likewise; as well. \"Is it even so\" Shak. Even so did these Gauls possess the coast. Spenser. 2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully; quite. Thou wast a soldier Even to Cato's wish. Shak. Without . . . making us even sensible of the change. Swift. 3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is unexpected or less expected. I have made several discoveries, which appear new, even to those who are versed in critical learning. Addison. 4. At the very time; in the very case. I knew they were had enough to please, even when I wrote them. Dryden. Note: Even is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. \"I have debated even in my soul.\" Shak. By these presence, even the presence of Lord Mortimer. Shak.", "evened": null, "evener": "1. One who, or that which makes even. 2. In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which other crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize the draught when two or three horses are used abreast.", @@ -26649,7 +23609,6 @@ "evenhandedly": null, "evening": "1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sum. In the ascending scale Of heaven, the stars that usher evening rose. Milton. Note: Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the United States, the afternoon is called evening. Bartlett. 2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of strength or glory. Note: Sometimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. \"Evening Prayer.\" Shak. Evening flower (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants (Hesperantha) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening. -- Evening grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American singing bird (Coccothraustes vespertina) having a very large bill. Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening. -- Evening primrose. See under Primrose. -- The evening star, the bright star of early evening in the western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus; -- called also Vesper and Hesperus. During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See Morning Star.", "evenings": "1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sum. In the ascending scale Of heaven, the stars that usher evening rose. Milton. Note: Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the United States, the afternoon is called evening. Bartlett. 2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of strength or glory. Note: Sometimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. \"Evening Prayer.\" Shak. Evening flower (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants (Hesperantha) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening. -- Evening grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American singing bird (Coccothraustes vespertina) having a very large bill. Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening. -- Evening primrose. See under Primrose. -- The evening star, the bright star of early evening in the western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus; -- called also Vesper and Hesperus. During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See Morning Star.", - "evenki": null, "evenly": "With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness, elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably; impartially; serenely.", "evenness": "The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness; horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness; equanimity; appropriate place or level; as, evenness of surface, of a fluid at rest, of motion, of dealings, of temper, of condition. It had need be something extraordinary, that must warrant an ordinary person to rise higher than his own evenness. Jer. Taylor.", "evens": "Evening. See Eve, n. 1. [Poetic.] Shak.\n\n1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; as, even ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct. 2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self- possessed; as, an even temper. 3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit. And shall lay thee even with the ground. Luke xix. 44. 4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; as, our accounts are even; an even bargain. To make the even truth in pleasure flow. Shak. 5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. \"I know my life so even.\" Shak. 6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] \"His even servant.\" Wyclif (Matt. 7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers. Whether the number of the stars is even or odd. Jer. Taylor. On even ground, with equal advantage. -- On even keel (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position.\n\n1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth. His temple Xerxes evened with the soil. Sir. W. Raleigh. It will even all inequalities Evelyn. 2. To equal [Obs.] \"To even him in valor.\" Fuller. 3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits. Shak. 4. To set right; to complete. 5. To act up to; to keep pace with. Shak.\n\nTo be equal. [Obs.] R. Carew.\n\n1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just; likewise; as well. \"Is it even so\" Shak. Even so did these Gauls possess the coast. Spenser. 2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully; quite. Thou wast a soldier Even to Cato's wish. Shak. Without . . . making us even sensible of the change. Swift. 3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is unexpected or less expected. I have made several discoveries, which appear new, even to those who are versed in critical learning. Addison. 4. At the very time; in the very case. I knew they were had enough to please, even when I wrote them. Dryden. Note: Even is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. \"I have debated even in my soul.\" Shak. By these presence, even the presence of Lord Mortimer. Shak.", @@ -26669,9 +23628,6 @@ "eventuates": "To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to pass.", "eventuating": null, "ever": "1. At any time; at any period or point of time. No man ever yet hated his own flesh. Eph. v. 29. 2. At all times; through all time; always; forever. He shall ever love, and always be The subject of by scorn and cruelty. Dryder. 3. Without cessation; continually. Note: Ever is sometimes used as an intensive or a word of enforcement. \"His the old man e'er a son\" Shak. To produce as much as ever they can. M. Arnold. Ever and anon, now and then; often. See under Anon. -- Ever is one, continually; constantly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever so, in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated adjective or adverb. See Never so, under Never. \"Let him be ever so rich.\" Emerson. And all the question (wrangle e'er so long), Is only this, if God has placed him wrong. Pope. You spend ever so much money in entertaining your equals and betters. Thackeray. -- For ever, eternally. See Forever. -- For ever and a day, emphatically forever. Shak. She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful laughter, out of sight for ever and day. Prof. Wilson. -- Or ever (for or ere), before. See Or, ere. [Archaic] Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio! Shak. Note: Ever is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen, but in most cases the hyphen is needless; as, ever memorable, ever watchful, ever burning.", - "everest": null, - "everett": null, - "everette": null, "everglade": "A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.]", "everglades": "A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.]", "evergreen": "Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.\n\n1. (Bot.) An evergreen plant. 2. pl. Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration. \"The funeral evengreens entwine.\" Keble.", @@ -26680,8 +23636,6 @@ "everlastingly": "In an everlasting manner.", "everlastings": "1. Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing without end; immoral; eternal. \"The Everlasting God.\" Gen. xx1. 33. 2. Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period; perpetual; sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong intensive; as, this everlasting nonsence. I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . . . the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. Gen xvii. 8. And heard thy everlasting yawn confess The pains and penalties of idleness. Pope. Syn. -- Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never-ending; infinite; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; unintermitted; incessant. - Everlasting, Eternal. Eternal denotes (when taken strictly) without beginning or end of duration; everlasting is sometimes used in our version of the Scriptures in the sense of eternal, but in modern usage is confined to the future, and implies no intermission as well as no end. Whether we shall meet again I know not; Therefore our everlasting farewell take; Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius. Shak. Everlasting flower. Sane as Everlasting, n., 3. -- Everlasting pea, an ornamental plant (Lathyrus latifolius) related to the pea; -- so called because it is perennial.\n\n1. Eternal duration, past of future; eternity. From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Ps. xc. 2. 2. (With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God. 3. (Bot.) A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing their form or color, as the pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), the immortelle of the French, the cudweeds, etc. 4. A cloth fabic for shoes, etc. See Lasting.", "evermore": "During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for. Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face evermore. Ps. cv. 4. And, behold, I am alive for evermore. Rev. i. 18. Which flow from the presence of God for evermore. Tillotson. I evermore did love you, Hermia. Shak.", - "everready": null, - "evert": "1. To overthrow; to subvert. [R.] Ayliffe. 2. To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine.", "every": "1. All the parts which compose a whole collection or aggregate number, considered in their individuality, all taken separately one by one, out of an indefinite bumber. Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5. Every door and window was adorned with wreaths of flowers. Macaulay. 2. Every one. Cf. Each. [Obs.] \"Every of your wishes.\" Shak. Daily occasions given to every of us. Hooker. Every each, every one. [Obs.] \"Every each of them hath some vices.\" Burton.. -- Every now and then, at short intervals; occasionally; repeatedly; frequently. [Colloq.] Note: Every may, by way of emphasis, precede the article the with a superlative adjective; as, every, the least variation. Locke. Syn. -- Every, Each, Any. Any denotes one, or some, taken indifferently from the individuals which compose a class. Every differs from each in giving less promonence to the selection of the individual. Each relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely to every one of them, denoting that they are considered separately, one by one, all being included; as, each soldier was receiving a dollar per day. Every relates to more than two and brings into greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is excepted; as, every soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is, all the soldiers, etc. In each division there were four pentecosties, in every pentecosty four enomoties, and of each enomoty there fought in the front rank four [soldiers]. Jowett (Thucyd. ). If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be saved from setting up each for himself with every one else his foe. J. H. Newman.", "everybody": "Every person.", "everyday": "Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday suit or clothes. The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment. Sir. J. Herchel.", @@ -26690,7 +23644,6 @@ "everything": "Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all things. More wise, more learned, more just, more everything. Pope.", "everywhere": "In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; throughly; altogether.", "eves": "1. Evening. [Poetic] Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze. Thomson. 2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight; as, Christians eve is the evening before Christmas; also, the period immediately preceding some important event. \"On the eve of death.\" Keble. Eve churr (Zoöl), the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also night churr, and churr owl.", - "evian": null, "evict": "1. (Law) To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust. The law of England would speedily evict them out of their possession. Sir. J. Davies. 2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] Cheyne.", "evicted": null, "evicting": null, @@ -26723,7 +23676,6 @@ "eviscerates": "To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut.", "eviscerating": null, "evisceration": "A disemboweling.", - "evita": null, "evocation": "The act of calling out or forth. Sir. T. Browne. The evocation of that better spirit. M. Arnold.", "evocations": "The act of calling out or forth. Sir. T. Browne. The evocation of that better spirit. M. Arnold.", "evocative": "Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing. Evocative power over all that is eloquent and expressive in the better soul of man. W. Pater.", @@ -26744,7 +23696,6 @@ "ewer": "A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold water for the toilet. Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands. Shak.", "ewers": "A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold water for the toilet. Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands. Shak.", "ewes": "The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals.", - "ewing": null, "ex": null, "exabyte": null, "exabytes": null, @@ -26801,7 +23752,6 @@ "exasperating": null, "exasperatingly": null, "exasperation": "1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger. Extorted from him by the exasperation of his spirits. South. 2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation. \"Exasperation of the fits.\" Sir H. Wotton.", - "excalibur": "The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also Excalibar, Excalibor, Escalibar, and Caliburn.] Tennyson.", "excavate": "1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth. 2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel. 3. (Engin.) To dig out and remove, as earth. The material excavated was usually sand. E. L. Corthell. Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. Knight.", "excavated": null, "excavates": "1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth. 2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel. 3. (Engin.) To dig out and remove, as earth. The material excavated was usually sand. E. L. Corthell. Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. Knight.", @@ -26810,7 +23760,6 @@ "excavations": "1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass. 2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. \"A winding excavation.\" Glover. 3. (Engin.) (a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel. (b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity. The delivery of the excavations at a distance of 250 feet. E. L. Corthell.", "excavator": "One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.", "excavators": "One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.", - "excedrin": null, "exceed": "To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk, stature, weight, power, skill, etc. ; one offender exceeds another in villainy; his rank exceeds yours. Name the time, but let it not Exceed three days. Shak. Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair. Pope. Syn. -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop.\n\n1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. \"In our reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed.\" Jer. Taylor. Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3. 2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. Shak.", "exceeded": null, "exceeding": "More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient; measureless. \"The exceeding riches of his grace.\" Eph. ii. 7. -- Ex*ceed\"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.\n\nIn a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It is not joined to verbs.] \"The voice exceeding loud.\" Keble. His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow. Mark ix. 3. The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea. Sir W. Raleigh.", @@ -26987,7 +23936,6 @@ "exercisers": "One who exercises.", "exercises": "1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice. exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature. Jefferson. O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end. Tennyson. 2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc. \"Desire of knightly exercise.\" Spenser. An exercise of the eyes and memory. Locke. 3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise ob horseback. The wise for cure on exercise depend. Dryden. 4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty. Lewis refused even those of the church of England . . . the public exercise of their religion. Addison. To draw him from his holy exercise. Shak. 5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ebbs; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition. The clumsy exercises of the European tourney. Prescott. He seems to have taken a degree, and preformed public exercises in Cambridge, in 1565. Brydges. 6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test. Patience is more oft the exercise Of saints, the trial of their fortitude. Milton. Exercise bone (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues, produced by pressure or exertion.\n\n1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy. Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence. Acts xxiv. 16. 2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops. About him exercised heroic games The unarmed youth. Milton. 3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain. Where pain of unextinguishable fire Must exercise us without hope of end. Milton. 4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to exercise an office. I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth. Jer. ix. 24. The people of the land have used oppression and exercised robbery. Ezek. xxii. 29.\n\nTo exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement. I wear my trusty sword, When I do exercise. Cowper.", "exercising": null, - "exercycle": null, "exert": "1. To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [Obs.] So from the seas exerts his radiant head The star by whom the lights of heaven are led. Dryden. 2. To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an active faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into active operation; as, to exert the strength of the body, limbs, faculties, or imagination; to exert the mind or the voice. 3. To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to bring to bear; to do or perform. When we will has exerted an act of command on any faculty of the soul or member of the body. South. To exert one's self, to use efforts or endeavors; to strive; to make an attempt.", "exerted": null, "exerting": null, @@ -27073,7 +24021,6 @@ "exiting": null, "exits": "He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; as, exit Macbeth. Note: The Latin words exit (he or she goes out), and exeunt ( they go out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate the time of withdrawal from the stage of one or more of the actors.\n\n1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part. They have their exits and their entrances. Shak. 2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life; death; as, to make one's exit. Sighs for his exit, vulgarly called death. Cowper. 3. A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way out. Forcing he water forth thought its ordinary exists. Woodward.", "exobiology": null, - "exocet": null, "exodus": "1. A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place. 2. The second of the Old Testament, which contains the narrative of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.", "exoduses": null, "exogenous": "1. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous. 2. (Biol.) Growing by addition to the exterior. 3. (Anat.) Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to autogenous. Owen. Exogenous aneurism (Med.), an aneurism which is produced by causes acting from without, as from injury.", @@ -27531,8 +24478,6 @@ "exurbanites": null, "exurbia": null, "exurbs": null, - "exxon": null, - "eyck": null, "eye": "A brood; as, an eye of pheasants.\n\n1. The organ of sight or vision. In man, and the vertebrates generally, it is properly the movable ball or globe in the orbit, but the term often includes the adjacent parts. In most invertebrates the years are immovable ocelli, or compound eyes made up of numerous ocelli. See Ocellus. Description of illustration: a b Conjunctiva; c Cornea; d Sclerotic; e Choroid; f Cillary Muscle; g Cillary Process; h Iris; i Suspensory Ligament; k Prosterior Aqueous Chamber between h and i; l Anterior Aqueous Chamber; m Crystalline Lens; n Vitreous Humor; o Retina; p Yellow spot; q Center of blind spot; r Artery of Retina in center of the Optic Nerve. Note: The essential parts of the eye are inclosed in a tough outer coat, the sclerotic, to which the muscles moving it are attached, and which in front changes into the transparent cornea. A little way back of cornea, the crystalline lens is suspended, dividing the eye into two unequal cavities, a smaller one in front filled with a watery fluid, the aqueous humor, and larger one behind filled with a clear jelly, the vitreous humor. The sclerotic is lined with a highly pigmented membrane, the choroid, and this is turn is lined in the back half of the eyeball with the nearly transparent retina, in which the fibers of the optic nerve ramify. The choroid in front is continuous with the iris, which has a contractile opening in the center, the pupil, admitting light to the lens which brings the rays to a focus and forms an image upon the retina, where the light, falling upon delicate structures called rods and cones, causes them to stimulate the fibres of the optic nerve to transmit visual impressions to the brain. 2. The faculty of seeing; power or range of vision; hence, judgment or taste in the use of the eye, and in judging of objects; as, to have the eye of sailor; an eye for the beautiful or picturesque. 3. The action of the organ of sight; sight, look; view; ocular knowledge; judgment; opinion. In my eye, she is the sweetest lady that I looked on. Shak. 4. The space commanded by the organ of sight; scope of vision; hence, face; front; the presence of an object which is directly opposed or confronted; immediate presence. We shell express our duty in his eye. Shak. Her shell your hear disproved to her eyes. Shak. 5. Observation; oversight; watch; inspection; notice; attention; regard. \"Keep eyes upon her.\" Shak. Booksellers . . . have an eye to their own advantage. Addison. 6. That which resembles the organ of sight, in form, position, or appearance; as: (a) (Zoöl.) The spots on a feather, as of peacock. (b) The scar to which the adductor muscle is attached in oysters and other bivalve shells; also, the adductor muscle itself, esp. when used as food, as in the scallop. (c) The bud or sprout of a plant or tuber; as the eye of a potato. (d) The center of a target; the bull's-eye. (e) A small loop to receive a hook; as hooks and eyes on a dress. (f) The hole through the head of a needle. (g) A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a rope, hook, pin, shaft, etc.; as an eye at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss; as an eye through a crank; an eye at the end of rope. (h) The hole through the upper millstone. 7. That which resembles the eye in relative importance or beauty. \"The very eye of that proverb.\" Shak. Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts. Milton. 8. Tinge; shade of color. [Obs.] Red with an eye of blue makes a purple. Boyle. By the eye, in abundance. [Obs.] Marlowe. -- Elliott eye (Naut.), a loop in a hemp cable made around a thimble and served. -- Eye agate, a kind of circle agate, the central part of which are of deeper tints than the rest of the mass. Brande & C. -- Eye animalcule (Zoöl), a flagellate infusorian belonging to Euglena and related genera; -- so called because it has a colored spot like an eye at one end. -- Eye doctor, an oculist. -- Eye of a volute (Arch.), the circle in the center of volute. -- Eye of day, Eye of the morning, Eye of heaven, the sun. \"So gently shuts the eye day.\" Mrs. Barbauld. -- Eye of a ship, the foremost part in the bows of a ship, where, formerly, eyes were painted; also, the hawser holes. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Half an eye, very imperfect sight; a careless glance; as, to see a thing with half an eye; often figuratively. \"Those who have but half an eye. \" B. Jonson. -- To catch one's eye, to attract one's notice. -- To find favor in the eyes (of), to be graciously received and treated. -- To have an eye to, to pay particular attention to; to watch. \"Have an eye to Cinna.\" Shak. -- To keep an eye on, to watch. -- To set the eyes on, to see; to have a sight of. -- In the eye of the wind (Naut.), in a direction opposed to the wind; as, a ship sails in the eye of the wind.\n\nTo fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention; to hold in view. Eye me, blest Providence, and square my trial To my proportioned strength. Milton.\n\nTo appear; to look. [Obs.] My becomings kill me, when they do not Eye well to you. Shak.", "eyeball": "The ball or globe of the eye.", "eyeballed": null, @@ -27572,17 +24517,9 @@ "eyewash": "See Eyewater.", "eyewitness": "One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view anything. We . . . were eyewitnesses of his majesty. 2 Pet. i. 16.", "eyewitnesses": null, - "eyre": "A journey in circuit of certain judges called justices in eyre (or in itinere). Note: They were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit, holding courts in the different counties.", - "eysenck": null, - "ezekiel": null, - "ezra": null, "f": ". 1. F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal consonant. Its form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed the form from the Greek digamma w consonant. The form and value of Greek letter came from the Phoenician, the ultimate source being probably Egyptian. Etymologically fis most closely related to p,k,v, and b; as in E. five, Gr. f, L. lupus, Gr. fox, vixen ; fragile, break ; fruit, brook, v. t.; E. bear, L. ferre. See Guide to Pronunciation, sq. root 178, 179, 188, 198, 230. 2. (Mus.) The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F #) is a tone intermediate between F and G. F clef, the bass clef. See under Clef.", "fa": "(a) A syllable applied to the fourth tone of the diatonic scale in solmization. (b) The tone F.", - "faa": null, "fab": null, - "faberge": null, - "fabian": "Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest. Fabian policy, a policy like that of Fabius Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.", - "fabians": "Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest. Fabian policy, a policy like that of Fabius Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.", "fable": "1. A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under Apologue. Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest extant. Addison . 2. The plot, story, or connected series of events, forming the subject of an epic or dramatic poem. The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he contrives such a design or fable as may be most suitable to the moral. Dryden. 3. Any story told to excite wonder; common talk; the theme of talk. \"Old wives' fables. \" 1 Tim. iv. 7. We grew The fable of the city where we dwelt. Tennyson. 4. Fiction; untruth; falsehood. It would look like a fable to report that this gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret methods. Addison.\n\nTo compose fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter what is not true. \"He Fables not.\" Shak. Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell. Prior. He fables, yet speaks truth. M. Arnold.\n\nTo fiegn; to invent; to devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely. The hell thou fablest. Milton.", "fabled": null, "fables": "1. A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under Apologue. Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest extant. Addison . 2. The plot, story, or connected series of events, forming the subject of an epic or dramatic poem. The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he contrives such a design or fable as may be most suitable to the moral. Dryden. 3. Any story told to excite wonder; common talk; the theme of talk. \"Old wives' fables. \" 1 Tim. iv. 7. We grew The fable of the city where we dwelt. Tennyson. 4. Fiction; untruth; falsehood. It would look like a fable to report that this gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret methods. Addison.\n\nTo compose fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter what is not true. \"He Fables not.\" Shak. Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell. Prior. He fables, yet speaks truth. M. Arnold.\n\nTo fiegn; to invent; to devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely. The hell thou fablest. Milton.", @@ -27601,7 +24538,6 @@ "facade": "The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having some architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its facade unfinished, though the interior may be in use.", "facades": "The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having some architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its facade unfinished, though the interior may be in use.", "face": "1. The exterior form or appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator. A mist . . . watered the whole face of the ground. Gen. ii. 6. Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal face. Byron. 2. That part of a body, having several sides, which may be seen from one point, or which is presented toward a certain direction; one of the bounding planes of a solid; as, a cube has six faces. 3. (Mach.) (a) The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the principal flat surface of a part or object. (b) That part of the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond the pitch line. (c) The width of a pulley, or the length of a cog from end to end; as, a pulley or cog wheel of ten inches face. 4. (Print.) (a) The upper surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type, plate, etc. (b) The style or cut of a type or font of type. 5. Outside appearance; surface show; look; external aspect, whether natural, assumed, or acquired. To set a face upon their own malignant design. Milton. This would produce a new face of things in Europe. Addison. We wear a face of joy, because We have been glad of yore. Wordsworth. 6. That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated; visage; countenance. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen. iii. 19. 7. Cast of features; expression of countenance; look; air; appearance. We set the best faceon it we could. Dryden. 8. (Astrol.) Ten degrees in extent of a sign of the zodiac. Chaucer. 9. Maintenance of the countenance free from abashment or confusion; confidence; boldness; shamelessness; effrontery. This is the man that has the face to charge others with false citations. Tillotson. 10. Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases, before the face of, in the immediate presence of; in the face of, before, in, or against the front of; as, to fly in the face of danger; to the face of, directly to; from the face of, from the presenceof. 11. Mode of regard, whether favorable or unfavorable; favor or anger; mostly in Scriptural phrases. The Lord make his face to shine upon thee. Num. vi. 25. My face [favor] will I turn also from them. Ezek. vii. 22. 12. (Mining) The end or wall of the tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which work is progressing or was last done. 13. (Com.) The exact amount expressed on a bill, note, bond, or other mercantile paper, without any addition for interest or reduction for discount. McElrath. Note: Face is used either adjectively or as part of a compound; as, face guard or face-guard; face cloth; face plan or face-plan; face hammer. Face ague (Med.), a form of neuralgia, characterized by acute lancinating pains returning at intervals, and by twinges in certain parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches in the corresponding muscles; -- called also tic douloureux. -- Face card, one of a pack of playing cards on which a human face is represented; the king, queen, or jack. -- Face cloth, a cloth laid over the face of a corpse. -- Face guard, a mask with windows for the eyes, worn by workman exposed to great heat, or to flying particles of metal, stone, etc., as in glass works, foundries, etc. -- Face hammer, a hammer having a flat face. -- Face joint (Arch.), a joint in the face of a wall or other structure. -- Face mite (Zoöll.), a small, elongated mite (Demdex folliculorum), parasitic in the hair follicles of the face. -- Face mold, the templet or pattern by which carpenters, ect., outline the forms which are to be cut out from boards, sheet metal, ect. -- Face plate. (a) (Turning) A plate attached to the spindle of a lathe, to which the work to be turned may be attached. (b) A covering plate for an object, to receive wear or shock. (c) A true plane for testing a dressed surface. Knight. -- Face wheel. (Mach.) (a) A crown wheel. (b) A Wheel whose disk face is adapted for grinding and polishing; a lap. Cylinder face (Steam Engine), the flat part of a steam cylinder on which a slide valve moves. -- Face of an anvil, its flat upper surface. -- Face of a bastion (Fort.), the part between the salient and the shoulder angle. -- Face of coal (Mining), the principal cleavage plane, at right angles to the stratification. -- Face of a gun, the surface of metal at the muzzle. -- Face of a place (Fort.), the front comprehended between the flanked angles of two neighboring bastions. Wilhelm. -- Face of a square (Mil.), one of the sides of a battalion when formed in a square. -- Face of a watch, clock, compass, card etc., the dial or graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of day, point of the compass, etc. -- Face to face. (a) In the presence of each other; as, to bring the accuser and the accused face to face. (b) Without the interposition of any body or substance. \"Now we see through a glass darkly; but then face to face.\" 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (c) With the faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward one another; vis à vis; -- opposed to back to back. -- To fly in the face of, to defy; to brave; to withstand. -- To make a face, to distort the countenance; to make a grimace. Shak.\n\n1. To meet in front; to oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter; as, to face an enemy in the field of battale. I'll face This tempest, and deserve the name of king. Dryden. 2. To Confront impudently; to bully. I will neither be facednor braved. Shak. 3. To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or front toward; to front upon; as, the apartments of the general faced the park. He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which faces Ireland. Milton. 4. To cover in front, for ornament, protection, etc.; to put a facing upon; as, a building faced with marble. 5. To line near the edge, esp. with a different material; as, to face the front of a coat, or the bottom of a dress. 6. To cover with better, or better appearing, material than the mass consists of, for purpose of deception, as the surface of a box of tea, a barrel of sugar, etc. 7. (Mach.) To make the surface of (anything) flat or smooth; to dress the face of (a stone, a casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or smooth the flat surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical surface. 8. To cause to turn or present a face or front, as in a particular direction. To face down, to put down by bold or impudent opposition. \"He faced men down.\" Prior. -- To face (a thing) out, to persist boldly or impudently in an assertion or in a line of conduct. \"That thinks with oaths to face the matter out.\" Shak\n\n1. To carry a false appearance; to play the hypocrite. \"To lie, to face, to forge.\" Spenser. 2. To turn the face; as, to face to the right or left. Face about, man; a soldier, and afraid! Dryden. 3. To present a face or front.", - "facebook": null, "facecloth": null, "facecloths": null, "faced": "Having (such) a face, or (so many) faces; as, smooth-faced, two-faced.", @@ -27681,24 +24617,19 @@ "fads": "A hobby ; freak; whim. -- Fad\"dist, n. It is your favorite fad to draw plans. G. Eliot.", "faerie": null, "faeries": null, - "faeroe": null, "faff": null, "faffed": null, "faffing": null, "faffs": null, - "fafnir": null, "fag": "A knot or coarse part in cloth. [Obs.]\n\n1. To become weary; to tire. Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to fag. G. Mackenzie. 2. To labor to wearness; to work hard; to drudge. Read, fag, and subdue this chapter. Coleridge. 3. To act as a fag, or perform menial services or drudgery, for another, as in some English schools. To fag out, to become untwisted or frayed, as the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.\n\n1. To tire by labor; to exhaust; as, he was almost fagged out. 2. Anything that fatigues. [R.] It is such a fag, I came back tired to death. Miss Austen. Brain fag. (Med.) See Cerebropathy.", "fagged": null, "fagging": "Laborious drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge for another at an English school.", "faggot": null, "faggots": null, - "fagin": null, "fagot": "1. A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for raising batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification; a fascine. Shak. 2. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a pile. 3. (Mus.) A bassoon. See Fagotto. 4. A person hired to take the place of another at the muster of a company. [Eng.] Addison. 5. An old shriveled woman. [Slang, Eng.] Fagot iron, iron, in bars or masses, manufactured from fagots. -- Fagot vote, the vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being made a landholder, for party purposes. [Political cant, Eng.]\n\nTo make a fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to collect promiscuously. Dryden.", "fagoting": null, "fagots": "1. A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for raising batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification; a fascine. Shak. 2. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a pile. 3. (Mus.) A bassoon. See Fagotto. 4. A person hired to take the place of another at the muster of a company. [Eng.] Addison. 5. An old shriveled woman. [Slang, Eng.] Fagot iron, iron, in bars or masses, manufactured from fagots. -- Fagot vote, the vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being made a landholder, for party purposes. [Political cant, Eng.]\n\nTo make a fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to collect promiscuously. Dryden.", "fags": "A knot or coarse part in cloth. [Obs.]\n\n1. To become weary; to tire. Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to fag. G. Mackenzie. 2. To labor to wearness; to work hard; to drudge. Read, fag, and subdue this chapter. Coleridge. 3. To act as a fag, or perform menial services or drudgery, for another, as in some English schools. To fag out, to become untwisted or frayed, as the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.\n\n1. To tire by labor; to exhaust; as, he was almost fagged out. 2. Anything that fatigues. [R.] It is such a fag, I came back tired to death. Miss Austen. Brain fag. (Med.) See Cerebropathy.", - "fahd": null, - "fahrenheit": "Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit in the graduation of his thermometer; of or relating to Fahrenheit's thermometric scale. -- n. The Fahrenheit termometer or scale. Note: The Fahrenheit thermometer is so graduated that the freezing point of water is at 32 degrees above the zero of its scale, and the boiling point at 212 degrees above. It is commonly used in the United States and in England.", "faience": "Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is decorated in color.", "fail": "1. To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence; to cease to be furnished in the usual or expected manner, or to be altogether cut off from supply; to be lacking; as, streams fail; crops fail. As the waters fail from the sea. Job xiv. 11. Till Lionel's issue fails, his should not reign. Shak. 2. To be affected with want; to come short; to lack; to be deficient or unprovided; -- used with of. If ever they fail of beauty, this failure is not be attributed to their size. Berke. 3. To fall away; to become diminished; to decline; to decay; to sink. When earnestly they seek Such proof, conclude they then begin to fail. Milton. 4. To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity, resources, etc.; to become weaker; as, a sick man fails. 5. To perish; to die; -- used of a person. [Obs.] Had the king in his last sickness failed. Shak. 6. To be found wanting with respect to an action or a duty to be performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss; not to fulfill expectation. Take heed now that ye fail not to do this. Ezra iv. 22. Either my eyesight fails, or thou look'st pale. Shak. 7. To come short of a result or object aimed at or desired ; to be baffled or frusrated. Our envious foe hath failed. Milton. 8. To err in judgment; to be mistaken. Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps Shall grieve him, if I fail not. Milton. 9. To become unable to meet one's engagements; especially, to be unable to pay one's debts or discharge one's business obligation; to become bankrupt or insolvent.\n\n1. To be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to disappoint; to desert. There shall not fail thee a man on the throne. 1 Kings ii. 4. 2. To miss of attaining; to lose. [R.] Though that seat of earthly bliss be failed. Milton.\n\n1. Miscarriage; failure; deficiency; fault; -- mostly superseded by failure or failing, except in the phrase without fail. \"His highness' fail of issue.\" Shak. 2. Death; decease. [Obs.] Shak.", "failed": null, @@ -27721,13 +24652,10 @@ "faintness": "1. The state of being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness, and self-control. 2. Want of vigor or energy. Spenser. 3. Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of distinctness; as, faintness of description. 4. Faint-heartedness; timorousness; dejection. I will send a faintness into their hearts. Lev. xxvi. 36.", "faints": "The impure spirit which comes over first and last in the distillation of whisky; -- the former being called the strong faints, and the latter, which is much more abundant, the weak faints. This crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel oil. Ure.", "fair": "1. Free from spots, specks, dirt, or imperfection; unblemished; clean; pure. A fair white linen cloth. Book of Common Prayer. 2. Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful. Who can not see many a fair French city, for one fair French made. Shak. 3. Without a dark hue; light; clear; as, a fair skin. The northern people large and fair-complexioned. Sir M. Hale. 4. Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant; propitious; favorable; - - said of the sky, weather, or wind, etc.; as, a fair sky; a fair day. You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior. 5. Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed; unincumbered; open; direct; -- said of a road, passage, etc.; as, a fair mark; in fair sight; a fair view. The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a fair way to have enlarged. Sir W. Raleigh. 6. (Shipbuilding) Without sudden change of direction or curvature; smooth; fowing; -- said of the figure of a vessel, and of surfaces, water lines, and other lines. 7. Characterized by frankness, honesty, impartiality, or candor; open; upright; free from suspicion or bias; equitable; just; -- said of persons, character, or conduct; as, a fair man; fair dealing; a fair statement. \"I would call it fair play.\" Shak. 8. Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and confidence; -- said of words, promises, etc. When fair words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be frighted into our duty. L' Estrange. 9. Distinct; legible; as, fair handwriting. 10. Free from any marked characteristic; average; middling; as, a fair specimen. The news is very fair and good, my lord. Shak. Fair ball. (Baseball) (a) A ball passing over the home base at the height called for by the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while wholly within the lines of his position and facing the batsman. (b) A batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; -- called also a fair hit. -- Fair maid. (Zoöl.) (a) The European pilchard (Clupea pilchardus) when dried. (b) The southern scup (Stenotomus Gardeni). [Virginia] -- Fair one, a handsome woman; a beauty, -- Fair play, equitable or impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice. -- From fair to middling, passable; tolerable. [Colloq.] -- The fair sex, the female sex. Syn. -- Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest; equitable; impartial; reasonable. See Candid.\n\nClearly; openly; frankly; civilly; honestly; favorably; auspiciously; agreeably. Fair and square, justly; honestly; equitably; impartially. [Colloq.] -- To bid fair. See under Bid. -- To speak fair, to address with courtesy and frankness. [Archaic]\n\n1. Fairness, beauty. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A fair woman; a sweetheart. I have found out a gift for my fair. Shenstone. 3. Good fortune; good luck. Now fair befall thee ! Shak. The fair, anything beautiful; women, collectively. \"For slander's mark was ever yet the fair.\" Shak.\n\n1. To make fair or beautiful. [Obs.] Fairing the foul. Shak. 2. (Shipbuilding) To make smooth and flowing, as a vessel's lines.\n\n1. A gathering of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place with their merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special appointment, for trade. 2. A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc., usually for some charitable object; as, a Grand Army fair. 3. A competitive exhibition of wares, farm products, etc., not primarily for purposes of sale; as, the Mechanics' fair; an agricultural fair. After the fair, Too late. [Colloq.]", - "fairbanks": null, "fairer": null, "fairest": null, - "fairfield": null, "fairground": null, "fairgrounds": null, - "fairhope": null, "fairies": null, "fairing": "A present; originally, one given or purchased at a fair. Gay. Fairing box, a box receiving savings or small sums of money. Hannah More.", "fairings": "A present; originally, one given or purchased at a fair. Gay. Fairing box, a box receiving savings or small sums of money. Hannah More.", @@ -27739,8 +24667,6 @@ "fairy": "1. Enchantment; illusion. [Obs.] Chaucer. The God of her has made an end, And fro this worlde's fairy Hath taken her into company. Gower. 2. The country of the fays; land of illusions. [Obs.] He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in Fairy. Lydgate. 3. An imaginary supernatural being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form (usually diminutive), either male or female, and to meddle for good or evil in the affairs of mankind; a fay. See Elf, and Demon. The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the Fairy. K. James. And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and fairies in a ring. Shak. 5. An enchantress. [Obs.] Shak. Fairy of the mine, an imaginary being supposed to inhabit mines, etc. German folklore tells of two species; one fierce and malevolent, the other gentle, See Kobold. No goblin or swart fairy of the mine Hath hurtful power over true virginity. Milton.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to fairies. 2. Given by fairies; as, fairy money. Dryden. Fairy bird (Zoöl.), the Euoropean little tern (Sterna minuta); -- called also sea swallow, and hooded tern. -- Fairy bluebird. (Zoöl.) See under Bluebird. -- Fairy martin (Zoöl.), a European swallow (Hirrundo ariel) that builds flask-shaped nests of mud on overhanging cliffs. -- Fairy rings or circles, the circles formed in grassy lawns by certain fungi (as Marasmius Oreades), formerly supposed to be caused by fairies in their midnight dances. -- Fairy shrimp (Zoöl.), a European fresh-water phyllopod crustacean (Chirocephalus diaphanus); -- so called from its delicate colors, transparency, and graceful motions. The name is sometimes applied to similar American species. -- Fairy stone (Paleon.), an echinite.", "fairyland": "The imaginary land or abode of fairies.", "fairylands": "The imaginary land or abode of fairies.", - "faisal": null, - "faisalabad": null, "faith": "1. Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, resting solely and implicitly on his authority and veracity; reliance on testimony. 2. The assent of the mind to the statement or proposition of another, on the ground of the manifest truth of what he utters; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, especially in regard to important moral truth. Faith, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the finite will and understanding to the reason. Coleridge. 3. (Theol.) (a) The belief in the historic truthfulness of the Scripture narrative, and the supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes called historical and speculative faith. (b) The belief in the facts and truth of the Scriptures, with a practical love of them; especially, that confiding and affectionate belief in the person and work of Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a true Christian, -- called a practical, evangelical, or saving faith. Without faith it is impossible to please him [God]. Heb. xi. 6. The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind which is called \"trust\" or \"confidence\" exercised toward the moral character of God, and particularly of the Savior. Dr. T. Dwight. Faith is an affectionate, practical confidence in the testimony of God. J. Hawes. 4. That which is believed on any subject, whether in science, politics, or religion; especially (Theol.), a system of religious belief of any kind; as, the Jewish or Mohammedan faith; and especially, the system of truth taught by Christ; as, the Christian faith; also, the creed or belief of a Christian society or church. Which to believe of her, Must be a faith that reason without miracle Could never plant in me. Shak. Now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. Gal. i. 23. 5. Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to duty, or to a person honored and beloved; loyalty. Children in whom is no faith. Deut. xxvii. 20. Whose failing, while her faith to me remains, I should conceal. Milton. 6. Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity; as, he violated his faith. For you alone I broke me faith with injured Palamon. Dryden. 7. Credibility or truth. [R.] The faith of the foregoing narrative. Mitford. Act of faith. See Auto-da-fé. -- Breach of faith, Confession of faith, etc. See under Breach, Confession, etc. -- Faith cure, a method or practice of treating diseases by prayer and the exercise of faith in God. -- In good faith, with perfect sincerity.\n\nBy my faith; in truth; verily.", "faithful": "1. Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God. You are not faithful, sir. B. Jonson. 2. Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts, treaties, or other engagements. The faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him. Deut. vii. 9. 3. True and constant in affection or allegiance to a person to whom one is bound by a vow, be ties of love, gratitude, or honor, as to a husband, a prince, a friend; firm in the observance of duty; loyal; of true fidelity; as, a faithful husband or servant. So spake the seraph Abdiel, faithful found, Among the faithless, faithful only he. Milton. 4. Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to truth ot fact; exact; accurate; as, a faithful narrative or representation. It is a faithful saying. 2 Tim. ii. 11. The Faithful, the adherents of any system of religious belief; esp. used as an epithet of the followers of Mohammed. Syn. -- Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious; trustworthy. -- Faith\"ful*ly, adv. -Faith\"ful*ness, n.", "faithfully": null, @@ -27750,7 +24676,6 @@ "faithlessly": null, "faithlessness": null, "faiths": "1. Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, resting solely and implicitly on his authority and veracity; reliance on testimony. 2. The assent of the mind to the statement or proposition of another, on the ground of the manifest truth of what he utters; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, especially in regard to important moral truth. Faith, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the finite will and understanding to the reason. Coleridge. 3. (Theol.) (a) The belief in the historic truthfulness of the Scripture narrative, and the supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes called historical and speculative faith. (b) The belief in the facts and truth of the Scriptures, with a practical love of them; especially, that confiding and affectionate belief in the person and work of Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a true Christian, -- called a practical, evangelical, or saving faith. Without faith it is impossible to please him [God]. Heb. xi. 6. The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind which is called \"trust\" or \"confidence\" exercised toward the moral character of God, and particularly of the Savior. Dr. T. Dwight. Faith is an affectionate, practical confidence in the testimony of God. J. Hawes. 4. That which is believed on any subject, whether in science, politics, or religion; especially (Theol.), a system of religious belief of any kind; as, the Jewish or Mohammedan faith; and especially, the system of truth taught by Christ; as, the Christian faith; also, the creed or belief of a Christian society or church. Which to believe of her, Must be a faith that reason without miracle Could never plant in me. Shak. Now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. Gal. i. 23. 5. Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to duty, or to a person honored and beloved; loyalty. Children in whom is no faith. Deut. xxvii. 20. Whose failing, while her faith to me remains, I should conceal. Milton. 6. Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity; as, he violated his faith. For you alone I broke me faith with injured Palamon. Dryden. 7. Credibility or truth. [R.] The faith of the foregoing narrative. Mitford. Act of faith. See Auto-da-fé. -- Breach of faith, Confession of faith, etc. See under Breach, Confession, etc. -- Faith cure, a method or practice of treating diseases by prayer and the exercise of faith in God. -- In good faith, with perfect sincerity.\n\nBy my faith; in truth; verily.", - "fajardo": null, "fajita": null, "fajitas": null, "fake": "One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.\n\nTo coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form,, to prevent twisting when running out. Faking box, a box in which a long rope is faked; used in the life-saving service for a line attached to a shot.\n\n1. To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob. 2. To make; to construct; to do. 3. To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an object appear better or other than it really is; as, to fake a bulldog, by burning his upper lip and thus artificially shortening it.\n\nA trick; a swindle. [Slang]", @@ -27761,14 +24686,11 @@ "faking": null, "fakir": "An Oriental religious ascetic or begging monk. [Written also faquir anf fakeer.]", "fakirs": "An Oriental religious ascetic or begging monk. [Written also faquir anf fakeer.]", - "falasha": null, "falcon": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a family (Falconidæ) of raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked beak, strong claws, and powerful flight. (b) Any species of the genus Falco, distinguished by having a toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game. In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (Falco peregrinus) is exclusively called the falcon. Yarrell. 2. (Gun.) An ancient form of cannon. Chanting falcon. (Zoöl.) See under Chanting.", "falconer": "A person who breeds or trains hawks for taking birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks. Johnson.", "falconers": "A person who breeds or trains hawks for taking birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks. Johnson.", "falconry": "1. The art of training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack wild fowl or game. 2. The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means of falcons or hawks.", "falcons": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a family (Falconidæ) of raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked beak, strong claws, and powerful flight. (b) Any species of the genus Falco, distinguished by having a toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game. In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (Falco peregrinus) is exclusively called the falcon. Yarrell. 2. (Gun.) An ancient form of cannon. Chanting falcon. (Zoöl.) See under Chanting.", - "falkland": null, - "falklands": null, "fall": "1. To Descend, either suddenly or gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of gravity; to drop; to sink; as, the apple falls; the tide falls; the mercury falls in the barometer. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18. 2. To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a recumbent posture; to become prostrate; to drop; as, a child totters and falls; a tree falls; a worshiper falls on his knees. I fell at his feet to worship him. Rev. xix. 10. 3. To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters; to empty; -- with into; as, the river Rhone falls into the Mediterranean. 4. To become prostrate and dead; to die; especially, to die by violence, as in battle. A thousand shall fall at thy side. Ps. xci. 7. He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, fell. Byron. 5. To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to lose strength; to subside; to become less intense; as, the wind falls. 6. To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; -- said of the young of certain animals. Shak. 7. To decline in power, glory, wealth, or importance; to become insignificant; to lose rank or position; to decline in weight, value, price etc.; to become less; as, the falls; stocks fell two points. I am a poor falle man, unworthy now To be thy lord and master. Shak. The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell and vanished. Sir J. Davies. 8. To be overthrown or captured; to be destroyed. Heaven and earth will witness, If Rome must fall, that we are innocent. Addison. 9. To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the faith; to apostatize; to sin. Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Heb. iv. 11. 10. To become insnared or embarrassed; to be entrapped; to be worse off than before; asm to fall into error; to fall into difficulties. 11. To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear dejected; -- said of the countenance. Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. iv. 5. I have observed of late thy looks are fallen. Addison. 12. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint; as, our spirits rise and fall with our fortunes. 13. To pass somewha suddenly, and passively, into a new state of body or mind; to become; as, to fall asleep; to fall into a passion; to fall in love; to fall into temptation. 14. To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to befall; to issue; to terminate. The Romans fell on this model by chance. Swift. Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall. Ruth. iii. 18. They do not make laws, they fall into customs. H. Spencer. 15. To come; to occur; to arrive. The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council fell on the 21st of March, falls now [1694] about ten days sooner. Holder. 16. To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to rush or hurry; as, they fell to blows. They now no longer doubted, but fell to work heart and soul. Jowett (Thucyd. ). 17. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution, inheritance, or otherwise; as, the estate fell to his brother; the kingdom fell into the hands of his rivals. 18. To belong or appertain. If to her share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and you'll forget them all. Pope. 19. To be dropped or uttered carelessly; as, an unguarded expression fell from his lips; not a murmur fell from him. To fall abroad of (Naut.), to strike against; -- applied to one vessel coming into collision with another. -- To fall among, to come among accidentally or unexpectedly. -- To fall astern (Naut.), to move or be driven backward; to be left behind; as, a ship falls astern by the force of a current, or when outsailed by another. -- To fall away. (a) To lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine. (b) To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel. (c) To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize. \"These . . . for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away.\" Luke viii. 13. (d) To perish; to vanish; to be lost. \"How . . . can the soul . . . fall away into nothing\" Addison. (e) To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint. \"One color falls away by just degrees, and another rises insensibly.\" Addison. -- To fall back. (a) To recede or retreat; to give way. (b) To fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill. -- To fall back upon. (a) (Mil.) To retreat for safety to (a stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body of troops). (b) To have recourse to (a reserved fund, or some available expedient or support). -- To fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm. -- To fall down. (a) To prostrate one's self in worship. \"All kings shall fall down before him.\" Ps. lxxii. 11. (b) To sink; to come to the ground. \"Down fell the beauteous youth.\" Dryden. (c) To bend or bow, as a suppliant. (d) (Naut.) To sail or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet. -- To fall flat, to produce no response or result; to fail of the intended effect; as, his speech fell flat. -- To fall foul of. (a) (Naut.) To have a collision with; to become entangled with (b) To attack; to make an assault upon. -- To fall from, to recede or depart from; not to adhere to; as, to fall from an agreement or engagement; to fall from allegiance or duty. -- To fall from grace (M. E. Ch.), to sin; to withdraw from the faith. -- To fall home (Ship Carp.), to curve inward; -- said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which are much within a perpendicular. -- To fall in. (a) To sink inwards; as, the roof fell in. (b) (Mil.) To take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, to fall in on the right. (c) To come to an end; to terminate; to lapse; as, on the death of Mr. B., the annuuity, which he had so long received, fell in. (d) To become operative. \"The reversion, to which he had been nominated twenty years before, fell in.\" Macaulay. -- To fall into one's hands, to pass, often suddenly or unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike cannon when they are likely to fall into the hands of the enemy. -- To fall in with. (a) To meet with accidentally; as, to fall in with a friend. (b) (Naut.) To meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land. (c) To concur with; to agree with; as, the measure falls in with popular opinion. (d) To comply; to yield to. \"You will find it difficult to persuade learned men to fall in with your projects.\" Addison. -- To fall off. (a) To drop; as, fruits fall off when ripe. (b) To withdraw; to separate; to become detached; as, friends fall off in adversity. \"Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide.\" Shak. (c) To perish; to die away; as, words fall off by disuse. (d) To apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty. Those captive tribes . . . fell off From God to worship calves. Milton. (e) To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers fell off. (f) To depreciate; to change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less valuable, abundant, or interesting; as, a falling off in the wheat crop; the magazine or the review falls off. \"O Hamlet, what a falling off was there!\" Shak. (g) (Naut.) To deviate or trend to the leeward of the point to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward. -- To fall on. (a) To meet with; to light upon; as, we have fallen on evil days. (b) To begin suddenly and eagerly. \"Fall on, and try the appetite to eat.\" Dryden. (c) To begin an attack; to assault; to assail. \"Fall on, fall on, and hear him not.\" Dryden. (d) To drop on; to descend on. -- To fall out. (a) To quarrel; to begin to contend. A soul exasperated in ills falls out With everything, its friend, itself. Addison. (b) To happen; to befall; to chance. \"There fell out a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the mice.\" L'Estrange. (c) (Mil.) To leave the ranks, as a soldier. -- To fall over. (a) To revolt; to desert from one side to another. (b) To fall beyond. Shak. -- To fall short, to be deficient; as, the corn falls short; they all fall short in duty. -- To fall through, to come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent has fallen through. -- To fall to, to begin. \"Fall to, with eager joy, on homely food.\" Dryden. -- To fall under. (a) To come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to; as, they fell under the jurisdiction of the emperor. (b) To come under; to become the subject of; as, this point did not fall under the cognizance or deliberations of the court; these things do not fall under human sight or observation. (c) To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be subordinate to in the way of classification; as, these substances fall under a different class or order. -- To fall upon. (a) To attack. [See To fall on.] (b) To attempt; to have recourse to. \"I do not intend to fall upon nice disquisitions.\" Holder. (c) To rush against. Note: Fall primarily denotes descending motion, either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and, in most of its applications, implies, literally or figuratively, velocity, haste, suddenness, or violence. Its use is so various, and so mush diversified by modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in all its applications.\n\n1. To let fall; to drop. [Obs.] For every tear he falls, a Trojan bleeds. Shak. 2. To sink; to depress; as, to fall the voice. [Obs.] 3. To diminish; to lessen or lower. [Obs.] Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you fall the price of your native commodities. Locke. 4. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs. [R.] Shak. 5. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a tree. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]\n\n1. The act of falling; a dropping or descending be the force of gravity; descent; as, a fall from a horse, or from the yard of ship. 2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture; as, he was walking on ice, and had a fall. 3. Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin. They thy fall conspire. Denham. Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall. Prov. xvi. 18. 4. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; termination of greatness, power, or dominion; ruin; overthrow; as, the fall of the Roman empire. Beholds thee glorious only in thy fall. Pope. 5. The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ; as, the fall of Sebastopol. 6. Diminution or decrease in price or value; depreciation; as, the fall of prices; the fall of rents. 7. A sinking of tone; cadence; as, the fall of the voice at the close of a sentence. 8. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope. 9. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural, sometimes in the singular; as, the falls of Niagara. 10. The discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; as, the fall of the Po into the Gulf of Venice. Addison. 11. Extent of descent; the distance which anything falls; as, the water of a stream has a fall of five feet. 12. The season when leaves fall from trees; autumn. What crowds of patients the town doctor kills, Or how, last fall, he raised the weekly bills. Dryden. 13. That which falls; a falling; as, a fall of rain; a heavy fall of snow. 14. The act of felling or cutting down. \"The fall of timber.\" Johnson. 15. Lapse or declinsion from innocence or goodness. Specifically: The first apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels. 16. Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck; a falling band; a faule. B. Jonson. 17. That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. Fall herring (Zoöl.), a herring of the Atlantic (Clupea mediocris); -- also called tailor herring, and hickory shad. -- To try a fall, to try a bout at wrestling. Shak.", "fallacies": null, "fallacious": "Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to deceive; misleading; delusive; as, fallacious arguments or reasoning. -- Fal*la\"cious*ly, adv. -Fal*la\"cious*ness, n.", @@ -27783,7 +24705,6 @@ "falling": "from Fall, v. i. Falling away, Falling off, etc. See To fall away, To fall off, etc., under Fall, v. i. -- Falling band, the plain, broad, linen collar turning down over the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th century. -- Falling sickness (Med.), epilepsy. Shak. -- Falling star. (Astron.) See Shooting star. -- Falling stone, a stone falling through the atmosphere; a meteorite; an aërolite. -- Falling tide, the ebb tide. -- Falling weather, a rainy season. [Colloq.] Bartlett.", "falloff": null, "falloffs": null, - "fallopian": "Pertaining to, or discovered by, Fallopius; as, the Fallopian tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals which conduct the ova from the ovaries to the uterus.", "fallout": null, "fallow": "1. Pale red or pale yellow; as, a fallow deer or greyhound. Shak. 2. Etym: [Cf. Fallow, n.] Left untilled or unsowed after plowing; uncultivated; as, fallow ground. Fallow chat, Fallow finch (Zoöl.), a small European bird, the wheatear (Saxicola ænanthe). See Wheatear.\n\n1. Plowed land. [Obs.] Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. Chaucer. 2. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; land plowed without being sowed for the season. The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land. Mortimer. 3. The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it for a season; as, summer fallow, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying weeds. Be a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow. The fallow gives it a better tilth than can be given by a fallow crop. Sinclair. Fallow crop, the crop taken from a green fallow. [Eng.] -- Green fallow, fallow whereby land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds, by cultivating some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, etc. [Eng.]\n\nTo plow, harrow, and break up, as land, without seeding, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and rendering it mellow; as, it is profitable to fallow cold, strong, clayey land.", "fallowed": null, @@ -27812,14 +24733,12 @@ "falsifying": null, "falsities": null, "falsity": "1. The quality of being false; coutrariety or want of conformity to truth. Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or falsity of things. South. 2. That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false assertion. Men often swallow falsities for truths. Sir T. Brown. Syn. -- Falsehood; lie; deceit. -- Falsity, Falsehood, Lie. Falsity denotes the state or quality of being false. A falsehood is a false declaration designedly made. A lie is a gross, unblushing falsehood. The falsity of a person's assertion may be proved by the evidence of others and thus the charge of falsehood be fastened upon him.", - "falstaff": null, "falter": "To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. To hesitate; to speak brokenly or weakly; to stammer; as, his tongue falters. With faltering speech and visage incomposed. Milton. 2. To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady. \"He found his legs falter.\" Wiseman. 3. To hesitate in purpose or action. Ere her native king Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms. Shak. 4. To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise; -- said of the mind or of thought. Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and distance falters. I. Taylor.\n\nTo utter with hesitation, or in a broken, trembling, or weak manner. And here he faltered forth his last farewell. Byron. Mde me most happy, faltering \"I am thine.\" Tennyson.\n\nHesitation; trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken sound; as, a slight falter in her voice. The falter of an idle shepherd's pipe. Lowell.", "faltered": null, "faltering": "Hesitating; trembling. \"With faltering speech.\" Milton. -- n. Falter; halting; hesitation. -- Fal\"ter*ing*ly, adv.", "falteringly": null, "falterings": "Hesitating; trembling. \"With faltering speech.\" Milton. -- n. Falter; halting; hesitation. -- Fal\"ter*ing*ly, adv.", "falters": "To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. To hesitate; to speak brokenly or weakly; to stammer; as, his tongue falters. With faltering speech and visage incomposed. Milton. 2. To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady. \"He found his legs falter.\" Wiseman. 3. To hesitate in purpose or action. Ere her native king Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms. Shak. 4. To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise; -- said of the mind or of thought. Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and distance falters. I. Taylor.\n\nTo utter with hesitation, or in a broken, trembling, or weak manner. And here he faltered forth his last farewell. Byron. Mde me most happy, faltering \"I am thine.\" Tennyson.\n\nHesitation; trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken sound; as, a slight falter in her voice. The falter of an idle shepherd's pipe. Lowell.", - "falwell": null, "fame": "1. Public report or rumor. The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house. Gen. xlv. 16. 2. Report or opinion generally diffused; renown; public estimation; celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable; as, the fame of Washington. I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak. Syn. -- Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.\n\n1. To report widely or honorably. The field where thou art famed To have wrought such wonders. Milton. 2. To make famous or renowned. Those Hesperian gardens famed of old. Milton.", "famed": null, "familial": null, @@ -27875,7 +24794,6 @@ "fanlight": null, "fanlights": null, "fanned": null, - "fannie": null, "fannies": null, "fanning": null, "fanny": null, @@ -27899,11 +24817,8 @@ "fantasying": null, "fanzine": null, "fanzines": null, - "faq": null, - "faqs": null, "far": "A young pig, or a litter of pigs.\n\n1. Distant in any direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by a wide space or extent. They said, . . . We be come from a far country. Josh. ix. 6. The nations far and near contend in choice. Dryden. 2. Remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; as, far be it from me to justify cruelty. 3. Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance, morally or spiritually; t enmity with; alienated. They that are far from thee ahsll perish. Ps. lxxiii. 27. 4. Widely different in nature or quality; opposite in character. He was far from ill looking, though he thought himself still farther. F. Anstey. 5. The more distant of two; as, the far side (called also off side) of a horse, that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider when he mounts. Note: The distinction between the adjectival and adverbial use of far is sometimes not easily discriminated. By far, by much; by a great difference. -- Far between, with a long distance (of space or time) between; at long intervals. \"The examinations are few and far between.\" Farrar.\n\n1. To a great extent or distance of space; widely; as, we are separated far from each other. 2. To a great distance in time from any point; remotely; as, he pushed his researches far into antiquity. 3. In great part; as, the day is far spent. 4. In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much; deeply; greatly. Who can find a virtuous woman for her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10. As far as, to the extent, or degree, that. See As far as, under As. -- Far off. (a) At a great distance, absolutely or relatively. (b) Distant in sympathy or affection; alienated. \"But now, in Christ Jesus, ye who some time were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.\" Eph. ii. 13. -- Far other, different by a great degree; not the same; quite unlike. Pope. -- Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region. -- Far and wide, distantly and broadly; comprehensively. \"Far and wide his eye commands.\" Milton. -- From far, from a great distance; from a remote place. Note: Far often occurs in self-explaining compounds, such as far- extended, far-reaching, far-spread.", "farad": "The standard unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a condenser whose charge, having an electro-motive force of one volt, is equal to the amount of electricity which, with the same electromotive force, passes through one ohm in one second; the capacity, which, charged with one coulomb, gives an electro-motive force of one volt.", - "faraday": null, "faradize": "To stimulate with, or subject to, faradic, or inducted, electric currents. --Far\"a*diz`er (#), n.", "faradized": null, "faradizing": null, @@ -27918,11 +24833,9 @@ "fares": "1. To go; to pass; to journey; to travel. So on he fares, and to the border comes Of Eden. Milton. 2. To be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circummstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate; as, he fared well, or ill. So fares the stag among the enraged hounds. Denham. I bid you most heartily well to fare. Robynson (More's Utopia). So fared the knight between two foes. Hudibras. 3. To be treated or entertained at table, or with bodily or social comforts; to live. There was a certain rich man wwhich . . . fared sumptuously every day. Luke xvi. 19. 4. To happen well, or ill; -- used impersonally; as, we shall see how it will fare with him. Sso fares it when with truth falsehood contends. Milton. 5. To behave; to conduct one's self. [Obs.] She ferde [fared] as she would die. Chaucer.\n\n1. A journey; a passage. [Obs.] That nought might stay his fare. Spenser. 2. The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due for conveying a person by land or water; as, the fare for crossing a river; the fare in a coach or by railway. 3. Ado; bustle; business. [Obs.] The warder chid and made fare. Chaucer. 4. Condition or state of things; fortune; hap; cheer. What fare what news abroad Shak. 5. Food; provisions for the table; entertainment; as, coarse fare; delicious fare. \"Philosophic fare.\" Dryden. 6. The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle; as, a full fare of passengers. A. Drummond. 7. The catch of fish on a fishing vessel. Bill of fare. See under Bill. -- Fare indicator or register, a device for recording the number of passengers on a street car, etc. -- Fare wicket. (a) A gate or turnstile at the entrance of toll bridges, exhibition grounds, etc., for registering the number of persons passing it. (b) An opening in the door of a street car for purchasing tickets of the driver or passing fares to the conductor. Knight.", "farewell": "Go well; good-by; adieu; -- originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; as, fare you well; and is sometimes used as an expression of separation only; as, farewell the year; farewell, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you farewell. So farewell hope, and with hope, farewell fear. Milton. Fare thee well! and if forever, Still forever fare thee well. Byron. Note: The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first syllable, especially in poetry.\n\n1. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment; a good-by; adieu. 2. Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at, or reference to something. And takes her farewell of the glorious sun. Shak. Before I take my farewell of the subject. Addison.\n\nParting; valedictory; final; as, a farewell discourse; his farewell bow. Leans in his spear to take his farewell view. Tickell. Farewell rock (Mining), the Millstone grit; -- so called because no coal is found worth working below this stratum. It is used for hearths of furnaces, having power to resist intense heat. Ure.", "farewells": "Go well; good-by; adieu; -- originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; as, fare you well; and is sometimes used as an expression of separation only; as, farewell the year; farewell, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you farewell. So farewell hope, and with hope, farewell fear. Milton. Fare thee well! and if forever, Still forever fare thee well. Byron. Note: The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first syllable, especially in poetry.\n\n1. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment; a good-by; adieu. 2. Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at, or reference to something. And takes her farewell of the glorious sun. Shak. Before I take my farewell of the subject. Addison.\n\nParting; valedictory; final; as, a farewell discourse; his farewell bow. Leans in his spear to take his farewell view. Tickell. Farewell rock (Mining), the Millstone grit; -- so called because no coal is found worth working below this stratum. It is used for hearths of furnaces, having power to resist intense heat. Ure.", - "fargo": null, "farina": "1. A fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery. 2. (Bot.) Pollen. [R.] Craig.", "farinaceous": "1. Consisting or made of meal or flour; as, a farinaceous diet. 2. Yielding farina or flour; as, ffarinaceous seeds. 3. Like meal; mealy; pertainiing to meal; as, a farinaceous taste, smell, or appearance.", "faring": null, - "farley": null, "farm": "1. The rent of land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its products. [Obs.] 2. The term or tenure of a lease of land for cultivation; a leasehold. [Obs.] It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer farms to their tenants. Spenser. 3. The land held under lease and by payment of rent for the purpose of cultivation. 4. Any tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes, under the management of a tenant or the owner. Note: In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent, continue to be in a great degree inseparable, even from the popular meaning of a farm, as they are entirely so from the legal sense. Burrill. 5. A district of country leased (or farmed) out for the collection of the revenues of government. The province was devided into twelve farms. Burke. 6. (O. Eng. Law) A lease of the imposts on particular goods; as, the sugar farm, the silk farm. Whereas G. H. held the farm of sugars upon a rent of 10,000 marks per annum. State Trials (1196).\n\n1. To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to yield the use of to proceeds. We are enforced to farm our royal realm. Shak. 2. To give up to another, as an estate, a business, the revenue, etc., on condition of receiving in return a percentage of what it yields; as, to farm the taxes. To farm their subjects and their duties toward these. Burke. 3. To take at a certain rent or rate. 4. To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate, as land; to till, as a farm. To farm let, To let to farm, to lease on rent.\n\nTo engage in the business of tilling the soil; to labor as a farmer.", "farmed": null, "farmer": "One who farms; as: (a) One who hires and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased ground; a tenant. Smart. (b) One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil; one who cultivates a farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman. (c) One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent for the privilege; as, a farmer of the revenues. (d) (Mining) The lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown. Farmer-general Etym: [F. fermier-general], one to whom the right of levying certain taxes, in a particular district, was farmed out, under the former French monarchy, for a given sum paid down. -- Farmers' satin, a light material of cotton and worsted, used for coat linings. McElrath. -- The king's farmer (O. Eng. Law), one to whom the collection of a royal revenue was farmed out. Burrill.", @@ -27933,7 +24846,6 @@ "farmhouses": "A dwelling house on a farm; a farmer's residence.", "farming": "Pertaining to agriculture; devoted to, adapted to, or engaged in, farming; as, farming tools; farming land; a farming community.\n\nThe business of cultivating land.", "farmings": "Pertaining to agriculture; devoted to, adapted to, or engaged in, farming; as, farming tools; farming land; a farming community.\n\nThe business of cultivating land.", - "farmington": null, "farmland": null, "farmlands": null, "farms": "1. The rent of land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its products. [Obs.] 2. The term or tenure of a lease of land for cultivation; a leasehold. [Obs.] It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer farms to their tenants. Spenser. 3. The land held under lease and by payment of rent for the purpose of cultivation. 4. Any tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes, under the management of a tenant or the owner. Note: In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent, continue to be in a great degree inseparable, even from the popular meaning of a farm, as they are entirely so from the legal sense. Burrill. 5. A district of country leased (or farmed) out for the collection of the revenues of government. The province was devided into twelve farms. Burke. 6. (O. Eng. Law) A lease of the imposts on particular goods; as, the sugar farm, the silk farm. Whereas G. H. held the farm of sugars upon a rent of 10,000 marks per annum. State Trials (1196).\n\n1. To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to yield the use of to proceeds. We are enforced to farm our royal realm. Shak. 2. To give up to another, as an estate, a business, the revenue, etc., on condition of receiving in return a percentage of what it yields; as, to farm the taxes. To farm their subjects and their duties toward these. Burke. 3. To take at a certain rent or rate. 4. To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate, as land; to till, as a farm. To farm let, To let to farm, to lease on rent.\n\nTo engage in the business of tilling the soil; to labor as a farmer.", @@ -27944,9 +24856,6 @@ "faro": "A gambling game at cardds, in whiich all the other players play against the dealer or banker, staking their money upon the order in which the cards will lie and be dealt from the pack. Faro bank, the capital which the proprietor of a farotable ventures in the game; also, the place where a game of faro is played. Hoyle.", "farrago": "A mass ccomposed of various materials confusedly mixed; a medley; a mixture. A confounded farrago of doubts, fears, hopes, wishes, and all the flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain. Sheridan.", "farragoes": null, - "farragut": null, - "farrakhan": null, - "farrell": null, "farrier": "1. A shoer of horses 2. a veterinary surgeon.\n\nTo practice as a farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier. [Obs.] Mortimer.", "farriers": "1. A shoer of horses 2. a veterinary surgeon.\n\nTo practice as a farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier. [Obs.] Mortimer.", "farrow": "A little of pigs. Shak.\n\nTo bring forth (young); -- said only of swine. Tusser.\n\nNot producing young in a given season or year; -- said only of cows. Note: If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is said to be farrow, or to go farrow.", @@ -27954,7 +24863,6 @@ "farrowing": null, "farrows": "A little of pigs. Shak.\n\nTo bring forth (young); -- said only of swine. Tusser.\n\nNot producing young in a given season or year; -- said only of cows. Note: If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is said to be farrow, or to go farrow.", "farseeing": "1. Able to see to a great distance; farsighted. 2. Having foresight as regards the future.", - "farsi": null, "farsighted": "1. Seeing to great distance; hence, of good judgment regarding the remote effects of actions; sagacious. 2. (Med.) Hypermetropic.", "farsightedness": "1. Quality of bbeing farsighted. 2. (Med.) Hypermetropia.", "fart": null, @@ -27991,7 +24899,6 @@ "fashionista": null, "fashionistas": null, "fashions": "1. The make or form of anything; the style, shape, appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model; as, the fashion of the ark, of a coat, of a house, of an altar, etc. ; workmanship; execution. The fashion of his countenance was altered. Luke ix. 29. I do not like the fashion of your garments. Shak. 2. The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or conventional usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode or style usual among persons of good breeding; as, to dress, dance, sing, ride, etc., in the fashion. The innocent diversions in fashion. Locke. As now existing, fashion is a form of social regulation analogous to constitutional government as a form of political regulation. H. Spencer. 3. Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social position; good breeding; as, men of fashion. 4. Mode of action; method of conduct; manner; custom; sort; way. \"After his sour fashion.\" Shak. After a fashion, to a certain extent; in a sort. -- Fashion piece (Naut.), one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define the shape of the stern. -- Fashion plate, a pictorial design showing the prevailing style or a new style of dress. in a sort s.b. of a sort\n\n1. To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold. Here the loud hammer fashions female toys. Gay. Ingenious art . . . Steps forth to fashion and refine the age. Cowper. 2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with to. Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and conditions of the people. Spenser. 3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom. Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight. Locke. 4. To forge or counterfeit. [Obs.] Shak. Fashioning needle (Knitting Machine), a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus shaping it.", - "fassbinder": null, "fast": "1. To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry. Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting waked. Milton. 2. To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence. Thou didst fast and weep for the child. 2 Sam. xii. 21. Fasting day, a fast day; a day of fasting.\n\n1. Abstinence from food; omission to take nounrishment. Surfeit is the father of much fast. Shak. 2. Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation. 3. A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; as, an annual fast. Fast day, a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the favor of God. -- To break one's fast, to put an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast. Shak.\n\n1. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or easily moved; immovable; as, to make fast the door. There is an order that keeps things fast. Burke. 2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong. Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places. Spenser. 3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated; faithful; as, a fast friend. 4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing; durable; lasting; as, fast colors. 5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.] Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells. Bacon. 6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound. All this while in a most fast sleep. Shak. 7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a fast horse. 8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a fast man; a fast liver. Thackeray. Fast and loose, now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the phrases to play at fast and loose, to play fast and loose, to act with giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing and do another \"Play fast and loose with faith.\" Shak. Fast and loose pulleys (Mach.), two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to disengage and reëngage the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and vice versa. -- Hard and fast (Naut.), so completely aground as to be immovable. -- To make fast (Naut.), to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a vessel, a rope, or a door.\n\n1. In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly; firmly; immovably. We will bind thee fast. Judg. xv. 13. 2. In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly; wildly; as, to run fast; to live fast. Fast by, or Fast beside, close or near to; near at hand. He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk Into the wood fast by. Milton. Fast by the throne obsequious Fame resides. Pope.\n\nThat which fastens or holds; especially, (Naut.) a mooring rope, hawser, or chain; -- called, according to its position, a bow, head, quarter, breast, or stern fast; also, a post on a pier around which hawsers are passed in mooring.", "fastback": null, "fastbacks": null, @@ -28015,7 +24922,6 @@ "fastnesses": null, "fasts": "1. To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry. Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting waked. Milton. 2. To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence. Thou didst fast and weep for the child. 2 Sam. xii. 21. Fasting day, a fast day; a day of fasting.\n\n1. Abstinence from food; omission to take nounrishment. Surfeit is the father of much fast. Shak. 2. Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation. 3. A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; as, an annual fast. Fast day, a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the favor of God. -- To break one's fast, to put an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast. Shak.\n\n1. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or easily moved; immovable; as, to make fast the door. There is an order that keeps things fast. Burke. 2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong. Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places. Spenser. 3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated; faithful; as, a fast friend. 4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing; durable; lasting; as, fast colors. 5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.] Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells. Bacon. 6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound. All this while in a most fast sleep. Shak. 7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a fast horse. 8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a fast man; a fast liver. Thackeray. Fast and loose, now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the phrases to play at fast and loose, to play fast and loose, to act with giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing and do another \"Play fast and loose with faith.\" Shak. Fast and loose pulleys (Mach.), two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to disengage and reëngage the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and vice versa. -- Hard and fast (Naut.), so completely aground as to be immovable. -- To make fast (Naut.), to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a vessel, a rope, or a door.\n\n1. In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly; firmly; immovably. We will bind thee fast. Judg. xv. 13. 2. In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly; wildly; as, to run fast; to live fast. Fast by, or Fast beside, close or near to; near at hand. He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk Into the wood fast by. Milton. Fast by the throne obsequious Fame resides. Pope.\n\nThat which fastens or holds; especially, (Naut.) a mooring rope, hawser, or chain; -- called, according to its position, a bow, head, quarter, breast, or stern fast; also, a post on a pier around which hawsers are passed in mooring.", "fat": "1. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. [Obs.] The fats shall overflow with wine and oil. Joel ii. 24. 2. A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities. [Obs.] Hebert.\n\n1. Abounding with fat; as: (a) Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as, a fat man; a fat ox. (b) Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food. 2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid. Making our western wits fat and mean. Emerson. Make the heart of this people fat. Is. vi. 10. 3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat soil; a fat pasture. 4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a fat benefice; a fat office; a fat job. Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk. Carlyle. 5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate. [Obs.] Persons grown fat and wealthy by long impostures. Swift. 6. (Typog.) Of a character which enables the compositor to make large wages; -- said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; as, a fat take; a fat page. Fat lute, a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling joints.\n\n1. (Physiol. Chem.) An oily liquid or greasy substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See Adipose tissue, under Adipose. Note: Animal fats are composed mainly of three distinct fats, tristearin, tripalmitin, and triolein, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc. 2. The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to live on the fat of the land. 3. (Typog.) Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the compositor. Fat acid. (Chem.) See Sebacic acid, under Sebacic. -- Fat series, Fatty series (Chem.), the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series. -- Natural fats (Chem.), the group of oily substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.\n\nTo make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to fat fowls or sheep. We fat all creatures else to fat us. Shak.\n\nTo grow fat, plump, and fleshy. An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one. Mortimer.", - "fatah": null, "fatal": "1. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable. [R.] These thing are fatal and necessary. Tillotson. It was fatal to the king to fight for his money. Bacon. 2. Foreboding death or great disaster. [R.] That fatal screech owl to our house That nothing sung but death to us and ours. Shak. 3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal; destructive; calamitous; as, a fatal wound; a fatal disease; a fatal day; a fatal error.", "fatalism": "The doctrine that all things are subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity.", "fatalist": "One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity.", @@ -28054,8 +24960,6 @@ "fatigued": null, "fatigues": "1. Weariness from bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or exhaustion of strength. 2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil; as, the fatigues of war. Dryden. 3. The weakening of a metal when subjected to repeated vibrations or strains. Fatigue call (Mil.), a summons, by bugle or drum, to perform fatigue duties. -- Fatigue dress, the working dress of soldiers. -- Fatigue duty (Mil.), labor exacted from soldiers aside from the use of arms. Farrow. -- Fatigue party, a party of soldiers on fatigue duty.\n\nTo weary with labor or any bodily or mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength or endurance of; to tire. Syn. -- To jade; tire; weary; bore. See Jade.", "fatiguing": null, - "fatima": null, - "fatimid": null, "fating": null, "fatness": "1. The quality or state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency; fullness of flesh. Their eyes stand out with fatness. Ps. lxxiii. 7. 2. Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness. Rich in the fatness of her plenteous soil. Rowe. 3. That which makes fat or fertile. The clouds drop fatness. Philips.", "fats": "1. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. [Obs.] The fats shall overflow with wine and oil. Joel ii. 24. 2. A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities. [Obs.] Hebert.\n\n1. Abounding with fat; as: (a) Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as, a fat man; a fat ox. (b) Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food. 2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid. Making our western wits fat and mean. Emerson. Make the heart of this people fat. Is. vi. 10. 3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat soil; a fat pasture. 4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a fat benefice; a fat office; a fat job. Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk. Carlyle. 5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate. [Obs.] Persons grown fat and wealthy by long impostures. Swift. 6. (Typog.) Of a character which enables the compositor to make large wages; -- said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; as, a fat take; a fat page. Fat lute, a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling joints.\n\n1. (Physiol. Chem.) An oily liquid or greasy substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See Adipose tissue, under Adipose. Note: Animal fats are composed mainly of three distinct fats, tristearin, tripalmitin, and triolein, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc. 2. The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to live on the fat of the land. 3. (Typog.) Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the compositor. Fat acid. (Chem.) See Sebacic acid, under Sebacic. -- Fat series, Fatty series (Chem.), the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series. -- Natural fats (Chem.), the group of oily substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.\n\nTo make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to fat fowls or sheep. We fat all creatures else to fat us. Shak.\n\nTo grow fat, plump, and fleshy. An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one. Mortimer.", @@ -28080,8 +24984,6 @@ "fatwas": null, "faucet": "1. A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water, molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such quantities as may be desired; -- called also tap, and cock. It consists of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve, or slide. 2. The enlarged end of a section of pipe which receives the spigot end of the next section.", "faucets": "1. A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water, molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such quantities as may be desired; -- called also tap, and cock. It consists of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve, or slide. 2. The enlarged end of a section of pipe which receives the spigot end of the next section.", - "faulkner": null, - "faulknerian": null, "fault": "1. Defect; want; lack; default. One, it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call my friend. Shak. 2. Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish. As patches set upon a little breach Discredit more in hiding of the fault. Shak. 3. A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a deviation from propriety; an offense less serious than a crime. 4. (Geol. & Mining) (a) A dislocation of the strata of the vein. (b) In coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam; as, slate fault, dirt fault, etc. Raymond. 5. (Hunting) A lost scent; act of losing the scent. Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled, With much ado, the cold fault cleary out. Shak. 6. (Tennis) Failure to serve the ball into the proper court. At fault, unable to find the scent and continue chase; hance, in trouble ot embarrassment, and unable to proceed; puzzled; thhrown off the track. -- To find fault, to find reason for blaming or complaining; to express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by with before the thing complained of; but formerly by at. \"Matter to find fault at.\" Robynson (More's Utopia). Syn. -- -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness; blunder; failing; vice. -- Fault, Failing, Defect, Foible. A fault is positive, something morally wrong; a failing is negative, some weakness or failling short in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a defect is also negative, and as applied to character is the absence of anyything which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a foible is a less important weakness, which we overlook or smile at. A man may have many failings, and yet commit but few faults; or his faults and failings may be few, while his foibles are obvious to all. The faults of a friend are often palliated or explained away into mere defects, and the defects or foibles of an enemy exaggerated into faults. \"I have failings in common with every human being, besides my own peculiar faults; but of avarice I have generally held myself guiltless.\" Fox. \"Presumption and self-applause are the foibles of mankind.\" Waterland.\n\n1. To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to blame. [Obs.] For that I will not fault thee. Old Song. 2. (Geol.) To interrupt the continuity of (rock strata) by displacement along a plane of fracture; -- chiefly used in the p.p.; as, the coal beds are badly faulted.\n\nTo err; to blunder, to commit a fault; to do wrong. [Obs.] If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king, they had not faulted. Latimer.", "faulted": null, "faultfinder": null, @@ -28101,11 +25003,6 @@ "fauna": "The animals of any given area or epoch; as, the fauna of America; fossil fauna; recent fauna.", "faunas": "The animals of any given area or epoch; as, the fauna of America; fossil fauna; recent fauna.", "fauns": "A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. The fauns are usually represented as half goat and half man. Satyr or Faun, or Sylvan. Milton.", - "fauntleroy": null, - "faust": null, - "faustian": null, - "faustino": null, - "faustus": null, "fauvism": null, "fauvist": null, "fauvists": null, @@ -28121,7 +25018,6 @@ "favorites": "1. A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with partiality; one preferred above others; especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high rank or authority. Committing to a wicked favorite All public cares. Milton. 2. pl. Short curls dangling over the temples; -- fashionable in the reign of Charles II. [Obs.] Farquhar. 3. (Sporting) The competitor (as a horse in a race) that is judged most likely to win; the competitor standing highest in the betting.\n\nRegarded with particular affection, esteem, or preference; as, a favorite walk; a favorite child. \"His favorite argument.\" Macaulay.", "favoritism": "The disposition to favor and promote the interest of one person or family, or of one class of men, to the neglect of others having equal claims; partiality. A spirit of favoritism to the Bank of the United States. A. Hamilton.", "favors": "1. Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. Hath crawled into the favor of the king. Shak. 2. The act of countenancing, or the condition of being countenanced, or regarded propitiously; support; promotion; befriending. But found no favor in his lady's eyes. Dryden. And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man. Luke ii. 52. 3. A kind act or office; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by word or deed; an act of grace or good will, as distinct from justice or remuneration. Beg one favor at thy gracious hand. Shak. 4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment; lenity. I could not discover the lenity and fabor of this sentence. Swift. 5. The object of regard; person or thing favored. All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man, His chief delight and favor. Milton. 6. A gift or represent; something bestowed as an evidence of good will; a token of love; a knot of ribbons; something worn as a token of affection; as, a marriage favor is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or white flowers worn at a wedding. Wear thou this favor for me, and stick it in thy cap. Shak. 7. Appearance; look; countenance; face. [Obs.] This boy is fair, of female favor. Shak. 8. (Law) Partiality; bias. Bouvier. 9. A letter or epistle; -- so called in civility or compliment; as, your favor of yesterday is received. 10. pl. Love locks. [Obs.] Wright. Challenge to the favor or for favor (Law), the challenge of a juror on grounds not sufficient to constitute a principal challenge, but sufficient to give rise to a probable suspicion of favor or bias, such as acquaintance, business relation, etc. See Principal challenge, under Challenge. -- In favor of, upon the side of; favorable to; for the advantage of. -- In favor with, favored, countenanced, or encouraged by. -- To curry favor Etym: [see the etymology of Favor, above], to seek to gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious civilities. -- With one's favor, or By one's favor, with leave; by kind permission. But, with your favor, I will treat it here. Dryden. Syn. -- Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity; grace; gift; present; benefit.\n\n1. To regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or to have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be propitious to; to countenance; to treat with consideration or tenderness; to show partiality or unfair bias towards. O happy youth! and favored of the skies. Pope. He that favoreth Joab, . . . let him go after Joab. 2 Sam. xx. 11. [The painter] has favored her squint admirably. Swift. 2. To afford advantages for success to; to facilitate; as, a weak place favored the entrance of the enemy. 3. To resemble in features; to have the aspect or looks of; as, the child favors his father. The porter owned that the gentleman favored his master. Spectator.", - "fawkes": null, "fawn": "1. (Zoöl.) A young deer; a buck or doe of the first year. See Buck. 2. The young of an animal; a whelp. [Obs.] [The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her fawns. Holland. 3. A fawn color.\n\nOf the color of a fawn; fawn-colored.\n\nTo bring forth a fawn.\n\nTo court favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to flatter meanly; -- often followed by on or upon. You showed your teeth like apes, and fawned like hounds. Shak. Thou with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obeyest. Milton. Courtiers who fawn on a master while they betray him. Macaulay.\n\nA servile cringe or bow; mean flattery; sycophancy. Shak.", "fawned": null, "fawner": "One who fawns; a sycophant.", @@ -28133,22 +25029,13 @@ "faxes": null, "faxing": null, "fay": "A fairy; an elf. \"Yellow-skirted fays.\" Milton.\n\nFaith; as, by my fay. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo fit; to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as to make the surface fit together.\n\nTo lie close together; to fit; to fadge; -- often with in, into, with, or together. Faying surface, that surface of an object which comes with another object to which it is fastened; -- said of plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in shipwork.", - "faye": null, "fayer": null, "fayest": null, - "fayetteville": null, "fays": "A fairy; an elf. \"Yellow-skirted fays.\" Milton.\n\nFaith; as, by my fay. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo fit; to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as to make the surface fit together.\n\nTo lie close together; to fit; to fadge; -- often with in, into, with, or together. Faying surface, that surface of an object which comes with another object to which it is fastened; -- said of plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in shipwork.", "faze": "See Feeze.", "fazed": null, "fazes": "See Feeze.", "fazing": null, - "fbi": null, - "fcc": null, - "fd": null, - "fda": null, - "fdic": null, - "fdr": null, - "fe": null, "fealty": "1. Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the special oath by which this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a superior power, or to a government; loyality. It is no longer the practice to exact the performance of fealty, as a feudal obligation. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Tomlins. 2. Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a friend to a friend, or of a wife to her husband. He should maintain fealty to God. I. Taylor. Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps The fealty of our friends. tennyson. Swore fealty to the new government. Macaulay. Note: Fealty is distinguished from homage, which is an acknowledgment of tenure, while fealty implies an oath. See Homage. Wharton. Syn. -- Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.", "fear": "A variant of Fere, a mate, a companion. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. A painful emotion or passion excited by the expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger; apprehension; anxiety; solicitude; alarm; dread. Note: The degrees of this passion, beginning with the most moderate, may be thus expressed, -- apprehension, fear, dread, fright, terror. Fear is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought of future evil likely to befall us. Locke. Where no hope is left, is left no fear. Milton. 2. (Script.) (a) Apprehension of incurring, or solicitude to avoid, God's wrath; the trembling and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme Belng. (b) Respectful reverence for men of authority or worth. I will put my fear in their hearts. Jer. xxxii. 40. I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Ps. xxxiv. 11. render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due . . . fear to whom fear. Rom. xiii. 7. 3. That which causes, or which is the object of, apprehension or alarm; source or occasion of terror; danger; dreadfulness. There were they in great fear, where no fear was. Ps. liii. 5. The fear of your adventure would counsel you to a more equal enterprise. Shak. For fear, in apprehension lest. \"For fear you ne'er see chain nor money more.\" Shak.\n\n1. To feel a painful apprehension of; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with emotion of alarm or solicitude. I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Ps. xxiii. 4. Note: With subordinate clause. I greatly fear my money is not safe. Shak. I almost fear to quit your hand. D. Jerrold. 2. To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to avoid the displeasure of. Leave them to God above; him serve and fear. Milton. 3. To be anxious or solicitous for. [R.] The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children, therefore . . . I fear you. Shak. 4. To suspect; to doubt. [Obs.] Ay what else, fear you not her courage Shak. 5. To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach of by fear. z2 fera their people from doing evil. Robynsin (More's utopia). Tush, tush! fear boys with bugs. Shak. Syn. -- To apprehend; drad; reverence; venerate.\n\nTo be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected evil. I exceedingly fear and quake. Heb. xii. 21.", "feared": null, @@ -28189,10 +25076,7 @@ "featureless": "Having no distinct or distinctive features.", "features": "1. The make, form, or outward appearance of a person; the whole turn or style of the body; esp., good appearance. What needeth it his feature to descrive Chaucer. Cheated of feature by dissembling nature. Shak. 2. The make, cast, or appearance of the human face, and especially of any single part of the face; a lineament. (pl.) The face, the countenance. It is for homely features to keep home. Milton. 3. The cast or structure of anything, or of any part of a thing, as of a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an essay; any marked peculiarity or characteristic; as, one of the features of the landscape. And to her service bind each living creature Through secret understanding of their feature. Spenser. 4. A form; a shape. [R.] So scented the grim feature, and upturned His nostril wide into the murky air. Milton.", "featuring": null, - "feb": null, "febrile": "Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; as, febrile symptoms; febrile action. Dunglison.", - "februaries": null, - "february": "The second month in the year, said to have been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years this month contains twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap year, it has twenty- nine days.", "fecal": "relating to, or containing, dregs, feces, or ordeure; fæcal.", "feces": "dregs; sediment; excrement. See FÆces.", "feckless": "Spiritless; weak; worthless. [Scot]", @@ -28223,8 +25107,6 @@ "federating": null, "federation": "1. The act of uniting in a league; confederation. 2. A league; a confederacy; a federal or confederated government. Burke.", "federations": "1. The act of uniting in a league; confederation. 2. A league; a confederacy; a federal or confederated government. Burke.", - "federico": null, - "fedex": null, "fedora": null, "fedoras": null, "feds": "imp. & p. p. of Feed.", @@ -28267,9 +25149,6 @@ "feistiest": null, "feisty": null, "feldspar": "A name given to a group of minerals, closely related in crystalline form, and all silicates of alumina with either potash, soda, lime, or, in one case, baryta. They occur in crystals and crystalline masses, vitreous in luster, and breaking rather easily in two directions at right angles to each other, or nearly so. The colors are usually white or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or greenish. Note: The group includes the monoclinic (orthoclastic) species orthoclase or common potash feldspar, and the rare hyalophane or baryta feldspar; also the triclinic species (called in general plagioclase) microcline, like orthoclase a potash feldspar; anorthite or lime feldspar; albite or soda feldspar; also intermediate between the last two species, labradorite, andesine, oligoclase, containing both lime and soda in varying amounts. The feldspars are essential constituents of nearly all crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss, mica, slate, most kinds of basalt and trachyte, etc. The decomposition of feldspar has yielded a large part of the clay of the soil, also the mineral kaolin, an essential material in the making of fine pottery. Common feldspar is itself largely used for the same purpose.", - "felecia": null, - "felice": null, - "felicia": null, "felicitate": "Made very happy. [Archaic] I am alone felicitate In your dear highness' love. Shak.\n\n1. To make very happy; to delight. What a glorius entertainment and pleasure would fill and felicitate his spirit. I. Watts. 2. To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity to; to call or consider (one's self) happy; to congratulate. Every true heart must felicitate itself that its lot is cast in this kingdom. W. Howitt. Syn. -- See Congratulate.", "felicitated": null, "felicitates": "Made very happy. [Archaic] I am alone felicitate In your dear highness' love. Shak.\n\n1. To make very happy; to delight. What a glorius entertainment and pleasure would fill and felicitate his spirit. I. Watts. 2. To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity to; to call or consider (one's self) happy; to congratulate. Every true heart must felicitate itself that its lot is cast in this kingdom. W. Howitt. Syn. -- See Congratulate.", @@ -28282,8 +25161,6 @@ "felicity": "1. The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness; enjoyment of good. Our own felicity we make or find. Johnson. Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and felicity. Book of Common Prayer. 2. That which promotes happiness; a successful or gratifying event; prosperity; blessing. the felicities of her wonderful reign. Atterbury. 3. A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; as, felicity in painting portraits, or in writing or talking. \"Felicity of expression.\" Bp. Warburton. Syn. -- Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness; blissfulness. See Happiness.", "feline": "1. (Zoöl.) Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family Felidæ; as, the feline race; feline voracity. 2. Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy; treacherous; as, a feline nature; feline manners.", "felines": "1. (Zoöl.) Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family Felidæ; as, the feline race; feline voracity. 2. Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy; treacherous; as, a feline nature; feline manners.", - "felipe": null, - "felix": null, "fell": "imp. of Fall.\n\n1. Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce; savage; ravenous. While we devise fell tortures for thy faults. Shak. 2. Eager; earnest; intent. [Obs.] I am so fell to my business. Pepys.\n\nGall; anger; melancholy. [Obs.] Untroubled of vile fear or bitter fell. Spenser.\n\nA skin or hide of a beast with the wool or hair on; a pelt; -- used chiefly in composition, as woolfell. We are still handling our ewes, and their fells, you know, are greasy. Shak.\n\n1. A barren or rocky hill. T. Gray. 2. A wild field; a moor. Dryton.\n\nTo cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the ground; to cut down. Stand, or I'll fell thee down. Shak.\n\nThe finer portions of ore which go through the meshes, when the ore is sorted by sifting.\n\nTo sew or hem; -- said of seams.\n\n1. (Sewing) A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the edges being folded together and the stitches taken through both thicknesses. 2. (Weaving) The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.", "fella": null, "fellas": null, @@ -28293,7 +25170,6 @@ "fellers": "One who, or that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a machine for felling trees.\n\nAn appliance to a sewing machine for felling a seam.", "fellest": null, "felling": null, - "fellini": null, "fellow": "1. A companion; a comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer. The fellows of his crime. Milton. We are fellows still, Serving alike in sorrow. Shak. That enormous engine was flanked by two fellows almost of equal magnitude. Gibbon. Note: Commonly used of men, but sometimes of women. Judges xi. 37. 2. A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble or mean man. Worth makes the man, and want of it, the fellow. Pope. 3. An equal in power, rank, character, etc. It is impossible that ever Rome Should breed thy fellow. Shak. 4. One of a pair, or of two things used together or suited to each other; a mate; the male. When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to the fellow and breed. Holland. This was my glove; here is the fellow of it. Shak. 5. A person; an individual. She seemed to be a good sort of fellow. Dickens. 6. In the English universities, a scholar who is appointed to a foundation called a fellowship, which gives a title to certain perquisites and privileges. 7. In an American college or university, a member of the corporation which manages its business interests; also, a graduate appointed to a fellowship, who receives the income of the foundation. 8. A member of a literary or scientific society; as, a Fellow of the Royal Society. Note: Fellow is often used in compound words, or adjectively, signifying associate, companion, or sometimes equal. Usually, such compounds or phrases are self-explanatory; as, fellow-citizen, or fellow citizen; fellow-student, or fellow student; fellow-workman, or fellow workman; fellow-mortal, or fellow mortal; fellow-sufferer; bedfellow; playfellow; workfellow. Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up My head to fellow pomp amongst his nobles. Ford.\n\nTo suit with; to pair with; to match. [Obs.] Shak.", "fellowman": null, "fellowmen": null, @@ -28342,28 +25218,18 @@ "fending": null, "fends": "A fiend. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo keep off; to prevent from entering or hitting; to ward off; to shut out; -- often with off; as, to fend off blows. With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold. Dryden. To fend off a boat or vessel (Naut.), to prevent its running against anything with too much violence.\n\nTo act on the defensive, or in opposition; to resist; to parry; to shift off. The dexterous management of terms, and being able to fend . . . with them, passes for a great part of learning. Locke.", "fenestration": "1. (Arch.) The arrangement and proportioning of windows; -- used by modern writers for the decorating of an architectural composition by means of the window (and door) openings, their ornaments, and proportions. 2. (Anat.) The state or condition of being fenestrated.", - "fenian": "A member of a secret organization, consisting mainly of Irishment, having for its aim the overthrow of English rule in ireland.\n\nPertaining to Fenians or to Fenianism.", "fennel": "A perennial plant of the genus Fæniculum (F.vulgare), having very finely divided leaves. It is cultivated in gardens for the agreeable aromatic flavor of its seeds. Smell of sweetest fennel. Milton. A sprig of fennel was in fact the theological smelling bottle of the tender sex. S. G. Goodrich. Azorean, or Sweet, fennel, (Fæniculum dulce). It is a smaller and stouter plant than the common fennel, and is used as a pot herb. -- Dog's fennel (Anthemis Cotula), a foul-smelling European weed; -- called also mayweed. -- Fennel flower (Bot.), an herb (Nigella) of the Buttercup family, having leaves finely divided, like those of the fennel. N.Damascena is common in gardens. N.sativa furnishes the fennel seed, used as a condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the \"fitches\" mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii. 25). -- Fennel water (Med.), the distilled water of fennel seed. It is stimulant and carminative. -- Giant fennel (Ferula communis), has stems full of pith, which, it is said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus. -- Hog's fennel, a European plant (Peucedanum officinale) looking something like fennel.", "fens": "Low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; moor; marsh. 'Mid reedy fens wide spread. Wordsworth. Note: Fen is used adjectively with the sense of belonging to, or of the nature of, a fen or fens. Fen boat, a boat of light draught used in marshes. -- Fen duck (Zoöl.), a wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fen fowl (Zoöl.), any water fowl that frequent fens. -- Fen goose (Zoöl.), the graylag goose of Europe. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fen land, swamp land.", "fentanyl": null, "fer": "Far. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "feral": "Wild; untamed; ferine; not domesticated; -- said of beasts, birds, and plants. feral child, not raised by humans\n\nFunereal; deadly; fatal; dangerous. [R.] \"Feral accidents.\" Burton.", - "ferber": null, - "ferdinand": null, - "fergus": null, - "ferguson": null, - "ferlinghetti": null, - "fermat": null, "ferment": "1. That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer. Note: Ferments are of two kinds: (a) Formed or organized ferments. (b) Unorganized or structureless ferments. The latter are also called soluble or chemical ferments, and enzymes. Ferments of the first class are as a rule simple microscopic vegetable organisms, and the fermentations which they engender are due to their growth and development; as, the acetic ferment, the butyric ferment, etc. See Fermentation. Ferments of the second class, on the other hand, are chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and precipitated by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and, mainly, hydrolytic. Good examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt. globular proteins, capable of catalyzing a wide variety of chemical reactions, not merely hydrolytic. The full set of enzymes causing production of ethyl alcohol from sugar has been identified and individually purified and studied. See enzyme 2. Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation. Subdue and cool the ferment of desire. Rogers. the nation is in a ferment. Walpole. in a ferment in a state of agitation, applied to human groups. 3. A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid; fermentation. [R.] Down to the lowest lees the ferment ran. Thomson. ferment oils, volatile oils produced by the fermentation of plants, and not originally contained in them. These were the quintessences of the alchenists. Ure.\n\nTo cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to excite internal emotion in; to heat. Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your blood. Pope.\n\n1. To undergo fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion, as the constituent oarticles of an animal or vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce. 2. To be agitated or excited by violent emotions. But finding no redress, ferment an rage. Milton. The intellect of the age was a fermenting intellect. De Quincey.", "fermentation": "1. The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment, either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it. 2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the feelings. It puts the soul to fermentation and activity. Jer. Taylor. A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith. C. Kingsley. Acetous, or Acetic, fermentation, a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus or ferment (Mycoderma aceti). The process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1. C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O Note: Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2 Note: Aldehyde. Acetic acid. -- Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torulæ develop. -- Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3 Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate. Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation. -- Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See Lactic fermentation. -- Fermentation by an unorganized ferment or enzyme. Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice. -- Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory. -- Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium (Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed. -- Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium (Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O = 4C3H6O3 Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid. Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas). -- Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction.", "fermented": null, "fermenting": null, "ferments": "1. That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer. Note: Ferments are of two kinds: (a) Formed or organized ferments. (b) Unorganized or structureless ferments. The latter are also called soluble or chemical ferments, and enzymes. Ferments of the first class are as a rule simple microscopic vegetable organisms, and the fermentations which they engender are due to their growth and development; as, the acetic ferment, the butyric ferment, etc. See Fermentation. Ferments of the second class, on the other hand, are chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and precipitated by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and, mainly, hydrolytic. Good examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt. globular proteins, capable of catalyzing a wide variety of chemical reactions, not merely hydrolytic. The full set of enzymes causing production of ethyl alcohol from sugar has been identified and individually purified and studied. See enzyme 2. Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation. Subdue and cool the ferment of desire. Rogers. the nation is in a ferment. Walpole. in a ferment in a state of agitation, applied to human groups. 3. A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid; fermentation. [R.] Down to the lowest lees the ferment ran. Thomson. ferment oils, volatile oils produced by the fermentation of plants, and not originally contained in them. These were the quintessences of the alchenists. Ure.\n\nTo cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to excite internal emotion in; to heat. Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your blood. Pope.\n\n1. To undergo fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion, as the constituent oarticles of an animal or vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce. 2. To be agitated or excited by violent emotions. But finding no redress, ferment an rage. Milton. The intellect of the age was a fermenting intellect. De Quincey.", - "fermi": null, "fermium": null, "fern": "Long ago. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nAncient; old. [Obs.] \"Pilgrimages to . . . ferne halwes.\" [saints]. Chaucer.\n\nAn order of cryptogamous plants, the Filices, which have their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic size. Note: The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia, containing minute spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on which are borne the true organs of reproduction. The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all well known ferns. Christmas fern. See under Christmas. -- Climbing fern (Bot.), a delicate North American fern (Lygodium palmatum), which climbs several feet high over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of decoration. -- Fern owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European goatsucker. (b) The short- eared owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fern shaw, a fern thicket. [Eng.] R. Browning.", - "fernandez": null, - "fernando": null, "fernier": null, "ferniest": null, "ferns": "Long ago. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nAncient; old. [Obs.] \"Pilgrimages to . . . ferne halwes.\" [saints]. Chaucer.\n\nAn order of cryptogamous plants, the Filices, which have their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic size. Note: The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia, containing minute spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on which are borne the true organs of reproduction. The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all well known ferns. Christmas fern. See under Christmas. -- Climbing fern (Bot.), a delicate North American fern (Lygodium palmatum), which climbs several feet high over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of decoration. -- Fern owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European goatsucker. (b) The short- eared owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fern shaw, a fern thicket. [Eng.] R. Browning.", @@ -28372,9 +25238,6 @@ "ferociously": null, "ferociousness": null, "ferocity": "Savage wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; as, ferocity of countenance. The pride and ferocity of a Highland chief. Macaulay.", - "ferrari": null, - "ferraro": null, - "ferrell": null, "ferret": "An animal of the Weasel family (Mustela or Putorius furo), about fourteen inches in length, of a pale yellow or white color, with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has been domesticated in Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits and rats out of their holes.\n\nTo drive or hunt out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the cony; to search out by patient and sagacious efforts; -- often used with out; as, to ferret out a secret. Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him. Shak.\n\nA kind of narrow tape, usually made of woolen; sometimes of cotton or silk; -- called also ferreting.\n\nThe iron used for trying the melted glass to see if is fit to work, and for shaping the rings at the mouths of bottles.", "ferreted": null, "ferreting": null, @@ -28382,7 +25245,6 @@ "ferric": "Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. Specifically (Chem.), denoting those compounds in which iron has a higher valence than in the ferrous compounds; as, ferric oxide; ferric acid. Ferric acid (Chem.), an acid, H2FeO4, which is not known in the free state, but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and sulphates. -- Ferric oxide (Chem.), sesquioxide of iron, Fe2O3; hematite. See Hematite.", "ferried": null, "ferries": null, - "ferris": null, "ferromagnetic": null, "ferromagnetism": null, "ferrous": "Pertaining to, or derived from, iron; -- especially used of compounds of iron in which the iron has its lower valence; as, ferrous sulphate.", @@ -28482,11 +25344,9 @@ "fewest": null, "fewness": "1. The state of being few; smallness of number; paucity. Shak. 2. Brevity; conciseness. [Obs.] Shak.", "fey": "Fated; doomed. [Old Eng. & Scot.]\n\nFaith. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo cleanse; to clean out. [Obs.] Tusser.", - "feynman": null, "fez": "A felt or cloth cap, usually red and having a tassel, -- a variety of the tarboosh. See Tarboosh. B. Taylor.", "fezzes": null, "ff": null, - "fha": null, "fiance": "To betroth; to affiance. [Obs.] Harmar.\n\nA betrothed man.", "fiancee": "A betrothed woman.", "fiancees": "A betrothed woman.", @@ -28503,10 +25363,8 @@ "fiber": "1. One of the delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals are in part constituted; as, the fiber of flax or of muscle. 2. Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike substance; as, a fiber of spun glass; especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant. 3. Sinew; strength; toughness; as, a man of real fiber. Yet had no fibers in him, nor no force. Chapman. 4. A general name for the raw material, such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc., used in textile manufactures. Fiber gun, a kind of steam gun for converting, wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut up in the gun with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which is afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers. -- Fiber plants (Bot.), plants capable of yielding fiber useful in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave, etc.", "fiberboard": null, "fiberfill": null, - "fiberglas": null, "fiberglass": null, "fibers": "1. One of the delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals are in part constituted; as, the fiber of flax or of muscle. 2. Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike substance; as, a fiber of spun glass; especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant. 3. Sinew; strength; toughness; as, a man of real fiber. Yet had no fibers in him, nor no force. Chapman. 4. A general name for the raw material, such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc., used in textile manufactures. Fiber gun, a kind of steam gun for converting, wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut up in the gun with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which is afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers. -- Fiber plants (Bot.), plants capable of yielding fiber useful in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave, etc.", - "fibonacci": null, "fibril": "A small fiber; the branch of a fiber; a very slender thread; a fibrilla. Cheyne.", "fibrillate": null, "fibrillated": "Furnished with fibrils; fringed.", @@ -28522,10 +25380,8 @@ "fibula": "1. A brooch, clasp, or buckle. Mere fibulæ, without a robe to clasp. Wordsworth. 2. (Anat.) The outer and usually the smaller of the two bones of the leg, or hind limb, below the knee. 3. (Surg.) A needle for sewing up wounds.", "fibulae": null, "fibular": null, - "fica": null, "fiche": "See FitchÉ.", "fiches": "See FitchÉ.", - "fichte": null, "fichu": "A light cape, usually of lace, worn by women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the shoulders.", "fichus": "A light cape, usually of lace, worn by women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the shoulders.", "fickle": "Not fixed or firm; liable to change; unstable; of a changeable mind; not firm in opinion or purpose; inconstant; capricious; as, Fortune's fickle wheel. Shak. They know how fickle common lovers are. Dryden. Syn. -- Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating; unstable; inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful; capricious; veering; shifting.", @@ -28556,14 +25412,12 @@ "fiddliest": null, "fiddling": null, "fiddly": null, - "fidel": null, "fidelity": "Faithfulness; adherence to right; careful and exact observance of duty, or discharge of obligations. Especially: (a) Adherence to a person or party to which one is bound; loyalty. Whose courageous fidelity was proof to all danger. Macaulay. The best security for the fidelity of men is to make interest coincide with duty. A. Hamilton. (b) Adherence to the marriage contract. (c) Adherence to truth; veracity; honesty. The principal thing required in a witness is fidelity. Hooker. Syn. -- Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty; fealty.", "fidget": "To move uneasily one way and the other; to move irregularly, or by fits and starts. Moore.\n\n1. Uneasiness; restlessness. Cowper. 2. pl. A general nervous restlessness, manifested by incessant changes of position; dysphoria. Dunglison.", "fidgeted": null, "fidgeting": null, "fidgets": "To move uneasily one way and the other; to move irregularly, or by fits and starts. Moore.\n\n1. Uneasiness; restlessness. Cowper. 2. pl. A general nervous restlessness, manifested by incessant changes of position; dysphoria. Dunglison.", "fidgety": "Restless; uneasy. Lowell.", - "fido": null, "fiduciaries": null, "fiduciary": "1. Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting; faithful; firm; as, in a fiduciary capacity. \"Fiduciary obedience.\" Howell. 2. Holding, held, or founded, in trust. Spelman.\n\n1. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee. Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose fiduciaries they are. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Theol.) One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an Antinomian. Hammond.", "fie": "An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. See Fy. Fuller.", @@ -28601,7 +25455,6 @@ "fifer": "One who plays on a fife.", "fifers": "One who plays on a fife.", "fifes": "A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music. Fife major (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a regiment. -- Fife rail. (Naut.) (a) A rail about the mast, at the deck, to hold belaying pins, etc. (b) A railing around the break of a poop deck.\n\nTo play on a fife.", - "fifo": null, "fifteen": "Five and ten; one more than fourteen.\n\n1. The sum of five and ten; fifteen units or objects. 2. A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or xv.", "fifteens": "Five and ten; one more than fourteen.\n\n1. The sum of five and ten; fifteen units or objects. 2. A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or xv.", "fifteenth": "1. Next in order after the fourteenth; -- the ordinal of fifteen. 2. Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.\n\n1. One of fifteen equal parts or divisions; the quotient of a unit divided by fifteen. 2. A species of tax upon personal property formerly laid on towns, boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth part of what the personal property in each town, etc., had been valued at. Burrill. 3. (Mus.) (a) A stop in an organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon. (b) An interval consisting of two octaves.", @@ -28614,7 +25467,6 @@ "fiftieths": "1. Next in order after the forty-ninth; -- the ordinal of fifty. 2. Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or divisions.\n\nOne of fifty equal parts; the quotient of a unit divided by fifty.", "fifty": "Five times ten; as, fifty men.\n\n1. The sum of five tens; fifty units or objects. 2. A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or l.", "fig": "1. (Bot.) A small fruit tree (Ficus Carica) with large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to the Canary Islands. 2. The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or oblong shape, and of various colors. Note: The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of a stem, and bears numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many species have little, hard, inedible figs, and in only a few does the fruit become soft and pulpy. The fruit of the cultivated varieties is much prized in its fresh state, and also when dried or preserved. See Caprification. 3. A small piece of tobacco. [U.S.] 4. The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico; -- used in scorn or contempt. \"A fig for Peter.\" Shak. Cochineal fig. See Conchineal fig. -- Fig dust, a preparation of fine oatmeal for feeding caged birds. -- Fig faun, one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to live on figs. \"Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the fig fauns.\" Jer. i. 39. (Douay version). -- Fig gnat (Zoöl.), a small fly said to be injurious to figs. -- Fig leaf, the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first clothing of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing that ought to be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a symbol for affected modesty. -- Fig marigold (Bot.), the name of several plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum, some of which are prized for the brilliancy and beauty of their flowers. -- Fig tree (Bot.), any tree of the genus Ficus, but especially F. Carica which produces the fig of commerce.\n\n1. To insult with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See Fico. [Obs.] When Pistol lies, do this, and fig me like The bragging Spaniard. Shak. 2. To put into the head of, as something useless o [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\nFigure; dress; array. [Colloq.] Were they all in full fig, the females with feathers on their heads, the males with chapeaux bras Prof. Wilson.", - "figaro": "An adroi", "fight": "1. To strive or contened for victory, with armies or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms; -- followed by with or against. You do fight against your country's foes. Shak. To fight with thee no man of arms will deign. Milton. 2. To act in opposition to anything; to struggle against; to contend; to strive; to make resistance. To fight shy, to avoid meeting fairly or at close quarters; to keep out of reach.\n\n1. To carry on, or wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by struggle, as one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause. He had to fight his way through the world. Macaulay. I have fought a good fight. 2 Tim. iv. 7. 2. To contend with in battle; to war against; as, they fought the enemy in two pitched battles; the sloop fought the frigate for three hours. 3. To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a fight; as, to fight cocks; to fight one's ship. To fight it out, to fight until a decisive and conclusive result is reached.\n\n1. A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or struggle for victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or navies, etc. Who now defies thee thrice to single fight. Milton. 2. A struggle or contest of any kind. 3. Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity; as, he has a great deal of fight in him. [Colloq.] 4. A screen for the combatants in ships. [Obs.] Up with your fights, and your nettings prepare. Dryden. Running fight, a fight in which the enemy is continually chased; also, one which continues without definite end or result. Syn. -- Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter; fray; affray; action; conflict. See Battle.", "fightback": null, "fighter": "One who fights; a combatant; a warrior. Shak.", @@ -28624,7 +25476,6 @@ "figment": "An invention; a fiction; something feigned or imagined. Social figments, feints, and formalism. Mrs. Browning. It carried rather an appearance of figment and invention . . . than of truth and reality. Woodward.", "figments": "An invention; a fiction; something feigned or imagined. Social figments, feints, and formalism. Mrs. Browning. It carried rather an appearance of figment and invention . . . than of truth and reality. Woodward.", "figs": "1. (Bot.) A small fruit tree (Ficus Carica) with large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to the Canary Islands. 2. The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or oblong shape, and of various colors. Note: The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of a stem, and bears numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many species have little, hard, inedible figs, and in only a few does the fruit become soft and pulpy. The fruit of the cultivated varieties is much prized in its fresh state, and also when dried or preserved. See Caprification. 3. A small piece of tobacco. [U.S.] 4. The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico; -- used in scorn or contempt. \"A fig for Peter.\" Shak. Cochineal fig. See Conchineal fig. -- Fig dust, a preparation of fine oatmeal for feeding caged birds. -- Fig faun, one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to live on figs. \"Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the fig fauns.\" Jer. i. 39. (Douay version). -- Fig gnat (Zoöl.), a small fly said to be injurious to figs. -- Fig leaf, the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first clothing of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing that ought to be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a symbol for affected modesty. -- Fig marigold (Bot.), the name of several plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum, some of which are prized for the brilliancy and beauty of their flowers. -- Fig tree (Bot.), any tree of the genus Ficus, but especially F. Carica which produces the fig of commerce.\n\n1. To insult with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See Fico. [Obs.] When Pistol lies, do this, and fig me like The bragging Spaniard. Shak. 2. To put into the head of, as something useless o [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\nFigure; dress; array. [Colloq.] Were they all in full fig, the females with feathers on their heads, the males with chapeaux bras Prof. Wilson.", - "figueroa": null, "figuration": "1. The act of giving figure or determinate form; determination to a certain form. Bacon. 2. (Mus.) Mixture of concords and discords.", "figurative": "1. Representing by a figure, or by resemblance; typical; representative. This, they will say, was figurative, and served, by God's appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more divine sanctity. Hooker. 2. Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor; not literal; -- applied to words and expressions. 3. Ambounding in figures of speech; flowery; florid; as, a highly figurative description. 4. Relating to the representation of form or figure by drawing, carving, etc. See Figure, n., 2. They belonged to a nation dedicated to the figurative arts, and they wrote for a public familiar with painted form. J. A. Symonds. Figurative counterpointdescant. See under Figurate. -- Fig\"ur*a*tive*ly, adv. -- Fig\"ur*a*tive*ness, n.", "figuratively": null, @@ -28636,9 +25487,6 @@ "figurine": "A very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially, one in terra cotta or the like; -- distinguished from statuette, which is applied to small figures in bronze, marble, etc.", "figurines": "A very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially, one in terra cotta or the like; -- distinguished from statuette, which is applied to small figures in bronze, marble, etc.", "figuring": null, - "fiji": null, - "fijian": "Of or pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants. -- n. A native of the Fiji islands. [Written also Feejeean, Feejee.]", - "fijians": "Of or pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants. -- n. A native of the Fiji islands. [Written also Feejeean, Feejee.]", "filament": "A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. (Bot.), the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.", "filamentous": "Like a thread; consisting of threads or filaments. Gray.", "filaments": "A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. (Bot.), the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.", @@ -28669,8 +25517,6 @@ "filigrees": "Ornamental work, formerly with grains or breads, but now composed of fine wire and used chiefly in decorating gold and silver to which the wire is soldered, being arranged in designs frequently of a delicate and intricate arabesque pattern.\n\nRelating to, composed of, or resembling, work in filigree; as, a filigree basket. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely decorative. You ask for reality, not fiction and filigree work. J. C. Shairp.", "filing": "A fragment or particle rubbed off by the act of filing; as, iron filings.", "filings": "A fragment or particle rubbed off by the act of filing; as, iron filings.", - "filipino": "A native of the Philippine Islands, specif. one of Spanish descent or of mixed blood. Then there are Filipinos, -- \"children of the country,\" they are called, -- who are supposed to be pure-blooded descendants of Spanish settlers. But there are few of them without some touch of Chinese or native blood. The Century.", - "filipinos": "A native of the Philippine Islands, specif. one of Spanish descent or of mixed blood. Then there are Filipinos, -- \"children of the country,\" they are called, -- who are supposed to be pure-blooded descendants of Spanish settlers. But there are few of them without some touch of Chinese or native blood. The Century.", "fill": "One of the thills or shafts of a carriage. Mortimer. Fill horse, a thill horse. Shak.\n\n1. To make full; to supply with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour into, till no more can be received; to occupy the whole capacity of. The rain also filleth the pools. Ps. lxxxiv. 6. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. Anf they filled them up to the brim. John ii. 7. 2. To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with as mush as is desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to swarm in or overrun. And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas. Gen. i. 22. The Syrians filled the country. 1 Kings xx. 27. 3. To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to satisfy. Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fillso great a multitude Matt. xv. 33. Things that are sweet and fat are more filling. Bacon. 4. To possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent; to occupy; to hold; as, a king fills a throne; the president fills the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House fills the chair. 5. To supply with an incumbent; as, to fill an office or a vacancy. A. Hamilton. 6. (Naut.) (a) To press and dilate, as a sail; as, the wind filled the sails. (b) To trim (a yard) so that the wind shall blow on the after side of the sails. 7. (Civil Engineering) To make an embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place), with earth or gravel. To fill in, to insert; as, he filled in the figures. -- To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to fill out a bill. -- To fill up, to make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely; to occupy completely; to complete. \"The bliss that fills up all the mind.\" Pope. \"And fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ.\" Col. i. 24.\n\n1. To become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an abundant supply; to be satiated; as, corn fills well in a warm season; the sail fills with the wind. 2. To fill a cup or glass for drinking. Give me some wine; fill full. Shak. To back and fill. See under Back, v. i. -- To fill up, to grow or become quite full; as, the channel of the river fills up with sand.\n\nA full supply, as much as supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction. \"Ye shall eat your fill.\" Lev. xxv. 19. I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill. Shak.", "filled": null, "filler": "One who, or that which, fills; something used for filling. 'T is mere filer, to stop a vacancy in the hexameter. Dryden. They have six diggers to four fillers, so as to keep the fillers always at work. Mortimer.\n\nA thill horse. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -28686,7 +25532,6 @@ "filliped": null, "filliping": null, "fillips": "1. To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a sudden spring; to snap with the finger. \"You filip me o' the head.\" Shak. 2. To snap; to project quickly. The use of the elastic switch to fillip small missiles with. Tylor.\n\n1. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a smart blow. 2. Something serving to rouse or excite. I take a glass of grog for a filip. Dickens.", - "fillmore": null, "fills": "One of the thills or shafts of a carriage. Mortimer. Fill horse, a thill horse. Shak.\n\n1. To make full; to supply with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour into, till no more can be received; to occupy the whole capacity of. The rain also filleth the pools. Ps. lxxxiv. 6. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. Anf they filled them up to the brim. John ii. 7. 2. To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with as mush as is desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to swarm in or overrun. And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas. Gen. i. 22. The Syrians filled the country. 1 Kings xx. 27. 3. To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to satisfy. Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fillso great a multitude Matt. xv. 33. Things that are sweet and fat are more filling. Bacon. 4. To possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent; to occupy; to hold; as, a king fills a throne; the president fills the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House fills the chair. 5. To supply with an incumbent; as, to fill an office or a vacancy. A. Hamilton. 6. (Naut.) (a) To press and dilate, as a sail; as, the wind filled the sails. (b) To trim (a yard) so that the wind shall blow on the after side of the sails. 7. (Civil Engineering) To make an embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place), with earth or gravel. To fill in, to insert; as, he filled in the figures. -- To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to fill out a bill. -- To fill up, to make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely; to occupy completely; to complete. \"The bliss that fills up all the mind.\" Pope. \"And fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ.\" Col. i. 24.\n\n1. To become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an abundant supply; to be satiated; as, corn fills well in a warm season; the sail fills with the wind. 2. To fill a cup or glass for drinking. Give me some wine; fill full. Shak. To back and fill. See under Back, v. i. -- To fill up, to grow or become quite full; as, the channel of the river fills up with sand.\n\nA full supply, as much as supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction. \"Ye shall eat your fill.\" Lev. xxv. 19. I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill. Shak.", "filly": "1. (Zoöl.) A female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. Colt, Foal. Neighing in likeness of a filly foal. Shak. 2. A lively, spirited young girl. [Colloq.] Addison.", "film": "1. A thin skin; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity; hence, any thin, slight covering. He from thick films shall purge the visual ray. Pope. 2. A slender thread, as that of a cobweb. Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of film. Shak.\n\nTo cover with a thin skin or pellicle. It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak.", @@ -28702,7 +25547,6 @@ "filmstrips": null, "filmy": "Composed of film or films. Whose filmy cord should bind the struggling fly. Dryden.", "filo": null, - "filofax": null, "filter": "Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal, through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from the solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or device containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar device for purifying air. Filter bed, a pond, the bottom of which is a filter composed of sand gravel. -- Filter gallery, an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside of a stream, to collect the water that filters through the intervening sand and gravel; -- called also infiltration gallery.\n\nTo purify or defecate, as water or other liquid, by causing it to pass through a filter. Filtering paper, or Filter paper, a porous unsized paper, for filtering.\n\nTo pass through a filter; to percolate.\n\nSame as Philter.", "filterable": null, "filtered": null, @@ -28811,25 +25655,15 @@ "finked": null, "finking": null, "finks": null, - "finland": null, - "finlay": null, - "finley": null, - "finn": "A native of Finland; one of the FinnFinns.", - "finnbogadottir": null, "finned": "Having a fin, or fins, or anything resembling a fin. Mortimer.", - "finnegan": null, - "finnish": "Of or pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their language. -- n. A Northern Turanian group of languages; the language of the Finns.", - "finns": "(a) Natives of Finland; Finlanders. (b) A branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and Eastern Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and Finlanders. [Written also Fins.]", "finny": "1. (Zoöl.) Having, or abounding in, fins, as fishes; pertaining to fishes. 2. Abounding in fishes. With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmoth.", "fins": "To carve or cut up, as a chub.\n\nEnd; conclusion; object. [Obs.] \"She knew eke the fin of his intent.\" Chaucer.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to balance and propel it in the water. Note: Fishes move through the water chiefly by means of the caudal fin or tail, the principal office of the other fins being to balance or direct the body, though they are also, to a certain extent, employed in producing motion. 2. (Zoöl.) A membranous, finlike, swimming organ, as in pteropod and heteropod mollusks. 3. A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an object or product which protrudes like a fin, as: (a) The hand. [Slang] (b) (Com.) A blade of whalebone. [Eng.] McElrath. (c) (Mech.) A mark or ridge left on a casting at the junction of the parts of a mold. (d) (Mech.) The thin sheet of metal squeezed out between the collars of the rolls in the process of rolling. Raymond. (e) (Mech.) A feather; a spline. 4. A finlike appendage, as to submarine boats. Apidose fin. (Zoöl.) See under Adipose, a. -- Fin ray (Anat.), one of the hornlike, cartilaginous, or bony, dermal rods which form the skeleton of the fins of fishes. -- Fin whale (Zoöl.), a finback. -- Paired fins (Zoöl.), the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding to the fore and hind legs of the higher animals. -- Unpaired, or Median, fins (Zoöl.), the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins.", - "fiona": null, "fir": "A genus (Abies) of coniferous trees, often of large size and elegant shape, some of them valued for their timber and others for their resin. The species are distinguished as the balsam fir, the silver fir, the red fir, etc. The Scoth fir is a Pinus. Note: Fir in the Bible means any one of several coniferous trees, including, cedar, cypress, and probably three species of pine. J. D. Hooker.", "fire": "1. The evolution of light and heat in the combustion of bodies; combustion; state of ignition. Note: The form of fire exhibited in the combustion of gases in an ascending stream or current is called flame. Anciently, fire, air, earth, and water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are composed. 2. Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in 3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration. 4. Anything which destroys or affects like fire. 5. Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth; consumingviolence of temper. he had fire in his temper.Atterbury. 6. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal. And bless their critic with a poet's fire.Pope. 7. Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star. Stars, hide your fires.Shak. As in a zodiac representing the heavenly fires.Milton. 8. Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction. 9. The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the troops were exposed to a heavy fire. Blue fire, Red fire, Green fire (Pyrotech.), compositions of various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack, etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic salts, as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc. -- Fire alarm (a) A signal given on the breaking out of a fire. (b) An apparatus for giving such an alarm. -- Fire annihilator, a machine, device, or preparation to be kept at hand for extinguishing fire by smothering it with some incombustible vapor or gas, as carbonic acid. -- Fire balloon. (a) A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire placed in the lower part. (b) A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which ignite at a regulated height. Simmonds. -- Fire bar, a grate bar. -- Fire basket, a portable grate; a cresset. Knight. -- Fire beetle. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Fire blast, a disease of plants which causes them to appear as if burnt by fire. -- Fire box, the chamber of a furnace, steam boiler, etc., for the fire. -- Fire brick, a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense heat without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire boxes, etc. -- Fire brigade, an organized body of men for extinguished fires. -- Fire bucket. See under Bucket. -- Fire bug, an incendiary; one who, from malice or through mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac. [U.S.] -- Fire clay. See under Clay. -- Fire company, a company of men managing an engine in extinguishing fires. -- Fire cross. See Fiery cross. [Obs.] Milton. -- Fire damp. See under Damp. -- Fire dog. See Firedog, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire drill. (a) A series of evolutions performed by fireman for practice. (b) An apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a wooden pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos during all historic time, and by many savage peoples. -- Fire eater. (a) A juggler who pretends to eat fire. (b) A quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a hotspur. [Colloq.] -- Fire engine, a portable forcing pump, usually on wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire. -- Fire escape, a contrivance for facilitating escape from burning buildings. -- Fire gilding (Fine Arts), a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by heat. -- Fire gilt (Fine Arts), gold laid on by the process of fire gilding. -- Fire insurance, the act or system of insuring against fire; also, a contract by which an insurance company undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium or small percentage -- usually made periodically -- to indemnify an owner of property from loss by fire during a specified period. -- Fire irons, utensils for a fireplace or grate, as tongs, poker, and shovel. -- Fire main, a pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire. -- Fire master (Mil), an artillery officer who formerly supervised the composition of fireworks. -- Fire office, an office at which to effect insurance against fire. -- Fire opal, a variety of opal giving firelike reflections. -- Fire ordeal, an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot irons. Abbot. -- Fire pan, a pan for holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the priming of a gun. -- Fire plug, a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the main pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing fires. -- Fire policy, the writing or instrument expressing the contract of insurance against loss by fire. -- Fire pot. (a) (Mil.) A small earthen pot filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war. (b) The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a furnace. (c) A crucible. (d) A solderer's furnace. -- Fire raft, a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting fire to an enemy's ships. -- Fire roll, a peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their quarters in case of fire. -- Fire setting (Mining), the process of softening or cracking the working face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to the action of fire; -- now generally superseded by the use of explosives. Raymond. -- Fire ship, a vessel filled with combustibles, for setting fire to an enemy's ships. -- Fire shovel, a shovel for taking up coals of fire. -- Fire stink, the stench from decomposing iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphureted hydrogen. Raymond. -- Fire surface, the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to the direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating surface. -- Fire swab, a swab saturated with water, for cooling a gun in action and clearing away particles of powder, etc. Farrow. -- Fire teaser, in England, the fireman of a steam emgine. -- Fire water, ardent spirits; -- so called by the American Indians. -- Fire worship, the worship of fire, which prevails chiefly in Persia, among the followers of Zoroaster, called Chebers, or Guebers, and among the Parsees of India. -- Greek fire. See under Greek. -- On fire, burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous. -- Running fire, the rapid discharge of firearms in succession by a line of troops. -- St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which St. Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously. Hoblyn. -- St. Elmo's fire. See under Saint Elmo. -- To set on fire, to inflame; to kindle. -- To take fire, to begin to burn; to fly into a passion.\n\n1. To set on fire; to kindle; as, to fire a house or chimney; to fire a pile. 2. To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in a kiln; as, to fire pottery. 3. To inflame; to irritate, as the passions; as, to fire the soul with anger, pride, or revenge. Love had fired my mind. Dryden. 4. To animate; to give life or spirit to; as, to fire the genius of a young man. 5. To feed or serve the fire of; as, to fire a boiler. 6. To light up as if by fire; to illuminate. [The sun] fires the proud tops of the eastern pines. Shak. 7. To cause to explode; as, to fire a torpedo; to disharge; as, to fire a musket or cannon; to fire cannon balls, rockets, etc. 8. To drive by fire. [Obs.] Till my bad angel fire my good one out. Shak. 9. (Far.) To cauterize. To fire up, to light up the fires of, as of an engine.\n\n1. To take fire; to be kindled; to kindle. 2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion. 3. To discharge artillery or firearms; as, they fired on the town. To fire up, to grow irritated or angry. \"He . . . fired up, and stood vigorously on his defense.\" Macaulay.", "firearm": "A gun, pistol, or any weapon from a shot is discharged by the force of an explosive substance, as gunpowder.", "firearms": "A gun, pistol, or any weapon from a shot is discharged by the force of an explosive substance, as gunpowder.", "fireball": "(a) (Mil.) A ball filled with powder or other combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up, so that movements may be seen. (b) A luminous meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly through the air, and sometimes exploding.", "fireballs": "(a) (Mil.) A ball filled with powder or other combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up, so that movements may be seen. (b) A luminous meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly through the air, and sometimes exploding.", - "firebase": null, "firebomb": null, "firebombed": null, "firebombing": null, @@ -28856,7 +25690,6 @@ "firefights": null, "fireflies": null, "firefly": "Any luminous winged insect, esp. luminous beetles of the family Lampyridæ. Note: The common American species belong to the genera Photinus and Photuris, in which both sexes are winged. The name is also applied to luminous species of Elateridæ. See Fire beetle.", - "firefox": null, "fireguard": null, "fireguards": null, "firehouse": null, @@ -28882,7 +25715,6 @@ "firescreens": null, "fireside": "A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.", "firesides": "A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.", - "firestone": "1. Iron pyrites, formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint. 2. A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace without injury; -- especially applied to the sandstone at the top of the upper greensand in the south of England, used for lining kilns and furnaces. Ure.", "firestorm": null, "firestorms": null, "firetrap": null, @@ -28920,7 +25752,6 @@ "fiscal": "Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue. The fiscal arreangements of government. A. Hamilton.\n\n1. The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. A treasurer. H. Swinburne. 3. A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases; -- called also procurator fiscal. 4. The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.", "fiscally": null, "fiscals": "Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue. The fiscal arreangements of government. A. Hamilton.\n\n1. The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. A treasurer. H. Swinburne. 3. A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases; -- called also procurator fiscal. 4. The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.", - "fischer": null, "fish": "A counter, used in various games.\n\n1. A name loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse characteristics, living in the water. 2. (Zoöl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal usually having fins and a covering scales or plates. It breathes by means of gills, and lives almost entirely in the water. See Pisces. Note: The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes), Ganoidei, Dipnoi, and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and skates). Formerly the leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also included, but these are now generally regarded as two distinct classes, below the fishes. 3. pl. The twelfth sign of the zodiac; Pisces. 4. The flesh of fish, used as food. 5. (Naut.) (a) A purchase used to fish the anchor. (b) A piece of timber, somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or yard. Note: Fish is used adjectively or as part of a compound word; as, fish line, fish pole, fish spear, fish-bellied. Age of Fishes. See under Age, n., 8. -- Fish ball, fish (usually salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made into the form of a small, round cake. [U.S.] -- Fish bar. Same as Fish plate (below). -- Fish beam (Mech.), a beam one of whose sides (commonly the under one) swells out like the belly of a fish. Francis. -- Fish crow (Zoöl.), a species of crow (Corvus ossifragus), found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It feeds largely on fish. -- Fish culture, the artifical breeding and rearing of fish; pisciculture. -- Fish davit. See Davit. -- Fish day, a day on which fish is eaten; a fast day. -- Fish duck (Zoöl.), any species of merganser. -- Fish fall, the tackle depending from the fish davit, used in hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a ship. -- Fish garth, a dam or weir in a river for keeping fish or taking them easily. -- Fish glue. See Isinglass. -- Fish joint, a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates fastened upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction; -- used largely in connecting the rails of railroads. -- Fish kettle, a long kettle for boiling fish whole. -- Fish ladder, a dam with a series of steps which fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a river. -- Fish line, or Fishing line, a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc., used in angling. -- Fish louse (Zoöl.), any crustacean parasitic on fishes, esp. the parasitic Copepoda, belonging to Caligus, Argulus, and other related genera. See Branchiura. -- Fish maw (Zoöl.), the stomach of a fish; also, the air bladder, or sound. -- Fish meal, fish desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups, etc. -- Fish oil, oil obtained from the bodies of fish and marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers, etc. -- Fish owl (Zoöl.), a fish-eating owl of the Old World genera Scotopelia and Ketupa, esp. a large East Indian species (K. Ceylonensis). -- Fish plate, one of the plates of a fish joint. -- Fish pot, a wicker basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs, lobsters, etc. -- Fish pound, a net attached to stakes, for entrapping and catching fish; a weir. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish slice, a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish trowel. -- Fish slide, an inclined box set in a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch fish descending the current. Knight. -- Fish sound, the air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of isinglass. -- Fish story, a story which taxes credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish strainer. (a) A metal colander, with handles, for taking fish from a boiler. (b) A perforated earthenware slab at the bottom of a dish, to drain the water from a boiled fish. -- Fish trowel, a fish slice. -- Fish weir or wear, a weir set in a stream, for catching fish. -- Neither fish nor flesh (Fig.), neither one thing nor the other.\n\n1. To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing a net. 2. To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth; as, to fish for compliments. Any other fishing question. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To catch; to draw out or up; as, to fish up an anchor. 2. To search by raking or sweeping. Swift. 3. To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in; as, to fish a stream. Thackeray. 4. To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end to end (two timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank, timber, or plate to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one or both sides. See Fish joint, under Fish, n. To fish the anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor.", "fishbowl": null, "fishbowls": null, @@ -28954,7 +25785,6 @@ "fishwife": "A fishwoman.", "fishwives": null, "fishy": "1. Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste of fish; abounding in fish. Pope. 2. Extravagant, like some stories about catching fish; improbable; also, rank or foul. [Colloq.]", - "fisk": "To run about; to frisk; to whisk. [Obs.] He fisks abroad, and stirreth up erroneous opinions. Latimer.", "fissile": "Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage, like crystals. This crystal is a pellucid, fissile stone. Sir I. Newton.", "fission": "1. A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts. 2. (Biol.) A method of asexual reproduction among the lowest (unicellular) organisms by means of a process of self-division, consisting of gradual division or cleavage of the into two parts, each of which then becomes a separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in an animal or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division, and the parts again subdivide. See Segmentation, and Cell division, under Division. 3. (Zoöl.) A process by which certain coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids, etc., spontaneously subdivide, each individual thus forming two or more new ones. See Strobilation.", "fissionable": null, @@ -28971,8 +25801,6 @@ "fistulas": "1. A reed; a pipe. 2. A pipe for convejing water. [Obs.] Knight. 3. (Med.) A permanent abnormal opening into the soft parts with a constant discharge; a deep, narrow, chronic abscess; an abnormal opening between an internal cavity and another cavity or the surface; as, a salivary fistula; an anal fistula; a recto-vaginal fistula. Incomplete fistula (Med.), a fistula open at one end only.", "fistulous": "1. Having the form or nature of a fistula; as, a fistulous ulcer. 2. Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose. Lindley.", "fit": "imp. & p. p. of Fight. [Obs. or Colloq.]\n\nIn Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or portion of a ballad; a passus. [Written also fitte, fytte, etc.] To play some pleasant fit. Spenser.\n\n1. Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable by nature or by art; suited by character, qualitties, circumstances, education, etc.; qualified; competent; worthy. That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in. Shak. Fit audience find, though few. Milton. 2. Prepared; ready. [Obs.] So fit to shoot, she singled forth among her foes who first her quarry's strength should feel. Fairfax. 3. Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or taste; convenient; meet; becoming; proper. Is it fit to say a king, Thou art wicked Job xxxiv. 18. Syn. -- Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming; expedient; congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted; prepared; qualified; competent; adequate.\n\n1. To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended; to qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or preparation. The time is fitted for the duty. Burke. The very situation for which he was peculiarly fitted by nature. Macaulay. 2. To bring to a required form and size; to shape aright; to adapt to a model; to adjust; -- said especially of the work of a carpenter, machinist, tailor, etc. The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he fitteth it with planes. Is. xliv. 13. 3. To supply with something that is suitable or fit, or that is shaped and adjusted to the use required. No milliner can so fit his customers with gloves. Shak. 4. To be suitable to; to answer the requirements of; to be correctly shaped and adjusted to; as, if the coat fits you, put it on. That's a bountiful answer that fits all questions. Shak. That time best fits the work. Shak. To fit out, to supply with necessaries or means; to furnish; to equip; as, to fit out a privateer. -- To fit up, to firnish with things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any person; to prepare; as, to fit up a room for a guest.\n\n1. To be proper or becoming. Nor fits it to prolong the feast. Pope. 2. To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to suit; to be adapted; as, his coat fits very well.\n\n1. The quality of being fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of dress to the person of the wearer. 2. (Mach.) (a) The coincidence of parts that come in contact. (b) The part of an object upon which anything fits tightly. Fit rod (Shipbuilding), a gauge rod used to try the depth of a bolt hole in order to determine the length of the bolt required. Knight.\n\n1. A stroke or blow. [Obs. or R.] Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin, That keeps thy body from the bitter fit. Spenser. 2. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a stroke of disease, as of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces convulsions or unconsciousness; a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence, a period of exacerbation of a disease; in general, an attack of disease; as, a fit of sickness. And when the fit was on him, I did mark How he did shake. Shak. 3. A mood of any kind which masters or possesses one for a time; a temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm; as, a fit melancholy, of passion, or of laughter. All fits of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree of pain. Swift. The English, however, were on this subject prone to fits of jealously. Macaulay. 4. A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual effort, activity, or motion, followed by relaxation or insction; an impulse and irregular action. The fits of the season. Shak. 5. A darting point; a sudden emission. [R.] A tongue of light, a fit of flame. Coleridge. By fits, By fits and starts, by intervals of action and re", - "fitch": "1. (Bot.) A vetch. [Obs.] 2. pl. (Bot.) A word found in the Authorized Version of the Bible, representing different Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it means the black aromatic seeds of Nigella sativa, still used as a flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now reads spelt.\n\nThe European polecat; also, its fur.", - "fitchburg": null, "fitful": "Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. After life's fitful fever, he sleeps well. Shak. -- Fit\"ful*ly, adv. -- Fit\"ful*ness, n. The victorius trumpet peal Dies fitfully away. Macaulay.", "fitfully": null, "fitfulness": null, @@ -28988,9 +25816,6 @@ "fitting": "Anything used in fitting up; especially (pl.), necessary fixtures or apparatus; as, the fittings of a church or study; gas fittings.\n\nFit; appropriate; suitable; proper. -- Fit\"ting*ly, adv. -- Fit\"ting*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.", "fittingly": null, "fittings": "Anything used in fitting up; especially (pl.), necessary fixtures or apparatus; as, the fittings of a church or study; gas fittings.\n\nFit; appropriate; suitable; proper. -- Fit\"ting*ly, adv. -- Fit\"ting*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.", - "fitzgerald": null, - "fitzpatrick": null, - "fitzroy": null, "five": "Four and one added; one more than four. Five nations (Ethnol.), a confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians, consisting of five tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and Senecas. They inhabited the region which is now the State of new York.\n\n1. The number next greater than four, and less than six; five units or objects. Five of them were wise, and five were foolish. Matt. xxv. 2. 2. A symbol representing this number, as 5, or V.", "fiver": null, "fivers": null, @@ -29015,7 +25840,6 @@ "fixity": "1. Fixedness; as, fixity of tenure; also, that which is fixed. 2. Coherence of parts. Sir I. Newton.", "fixture": "1. That which is fixed or attached to something as a permanent appendage; as, the fixtures of a pump; the fixtures of a farm or of a dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take away. 2. State of being fixed; fixedness. The firm fixture of thy foot. Shak. 3. (Law) Anything of an accessory character annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part of them. This term is, however, quite frequently used in the peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to lands and tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things may be fixtures under some circumstances, and not fixtures under others. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Bouvier. Note: This word is frequently substituted for fixure (formerly the word in common use) in new editions of old works.", "fixtures": "1. That which is fixed or attached to something as a permanent appendage; as, the fixtures of a pump; the fixtures of a farm or of a dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take away. 2. State of being fixed; fixedness. The firm fixture of thy foot. Shak. 3. (Law) Anything of an accessory character annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part of them. This term is, however, quite frequently used in the peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to lands and tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things may be fixtures under some circumstances, and not fixtures under others. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Bouvier. Note: This word is frequently substituted for fixure (formerly the word in common use) in new editions of old works.", - "fizeau": null, "fizz": "To make a hissing sound, as a burning fuse.\n\nA hising sound; as, the fizz of a fly.", "fizzed": null, "fizzes": null, @@ -29030,7 +25854,6 @@ "fjord": "See Fiord.", "fjords": "See Fiord.", "fl": null, - "fla": null, "flab": null, "flabbergast": "To astonish; to strike with wonder, esp. by extraordinary statements. [Jocular] Beaconsfield.", "flabbergasted": null, @@ -29120,8 +25943,6 @@ "flammable": "Inflammable. [Obs.]", "flammables": "Inflammable. [Obs.]", "flan": null, - "flanagan": null, - "flanders": null, "flange": "1. An external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the flange of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the flange of a car wheel (see Car wheel.); or for attachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc. Knight. 2. A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe. Blind flange, a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. -- Flange joint, a joint, as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together. Knight. - Flange rail, a rail with a flange on one side, to keep wheels, etc. from running off. -- Flange turning, the process of forming a flange on a wrought iron plate by bending and hammering it wh\n\nTo make a flange on; to furnish with a flange.\n\nTo be bent into a flange.", "flanges": "1. An external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the flange of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the flange of a car wheel (see Car wheel.); or for attachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc. Knight. 2. A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe. Blind flange, a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. -- Flange joint, a joint, as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together. Knight. - Flange rail, a rail with a flange on one side, to keep wheels, etc. from running off. -- Flange turning, the process of forming a flange on a wrought iron plate by bending and hammering it wh\n\nTo make a flange on; to furnish with a flange.\n\nTo be bent into a flange.", "flank": "1. The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the rids and the hip. See Illust. of Beef. 2. (Mil.) (a) The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment, or battalion; the extreme right or left; as, to attack an enemy in flank is to attack him on the side. When to right and left the front Divided, and to either flank retired. Milton. (b) (Fort.) That part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the curtain, the flank and face of the opposite bastion; any part of a work defending another by a fire along the outside of its parapet. See Illust. of Bastion. 3. (Arch.) The side of any building. Brands. 4. That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel tooth that lies within the pitch line. Flank attack (Mil.), an attack upon the side of an army or body of troops, distinguished from one upon its front or rear. -- Flank company (Mil.), a certain number of troops drawn up on the right or left of a battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry, or riflemen. -- Flank defense (Fort.), protection of a work against undue exposure to an enemy's direct fire, by means of the fire from other works, sweeping the ground in its front. -- Flank en potence (Mil.), any part of the right or left wing formed at a projecting angle with the line. -- Flank files, the first men on the right, and the last on the left, of a company, battalion, etc. -- Flank march, a march made parallel or obliquely to an enemy's position, in order to turn it or to attack him on the flank. -- Flank movement, a change of march by an army, or portion of one, in order to turn one or both wings of the enemy, or to take up a new position. -- Flanks of a frontier, salient points in a national boundary, strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile incursion. -- Flank patrol, detachments acting independently of the column of an army, but patrolling along its flanks, to secure it against surprise and to observe the movements of the enemy.\n\n1. To stand at the flank or side of; to border upon. Stately colonnades are flanked with trees. Pitt. 2. To overlook or command the flank of; to secure or guard the flank of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to attack, or threaten to attack; the flank of.\n\n1. To border; to touch. Bp. Butler. 2. To be posted on the side.", @@ -29190,7 +26011,6 @@ "flatfoot": null, "flatfooted": null, "flatfoots": null, - "flathead": "Characterized by flatness of head, especially that produced by artificial means, as a certain tribe of American Indians.\n\nA Chinook Indian. See Chinook, n., 1.", "flatiron": "An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.", "flatirons": "An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.", "flatland": null, @@ -29201,7 +26021,6 @@ "flatmates": null, "flatness": "1. The quality or state of being flat. 2. Eveness of surface; want of relief or prominence; the state of being plane or level. 3. Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration; dejection; depression. 4. Want of variety or flavor; dullness; inspidity. 5. Depression of tone; the state of being below the true pitch; -- opposed to sharpness or acuteness.", "flats": "1. Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without prominences or depressions; level without inclination; plane. Though sun and moon Were in the flat sea sunk. Milton. 2. Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the ground; level with the ground or earth; prostrate; as, to lie flat on the ground; hence, fallen; laid low; ruined; destroyed. What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat! Milton. I feel . . . my hopes all flat. Milton. 3. (Fine Arts) Wanting relief; destitute of variety; without points of prominence and striking interest. A large part of the work is, to me, very flat. Coleridge. 4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as, fruit or drink flat to the taste. 5. Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point or spirit; monotonous; as, a flat speech or composition. How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world. Shak. 6. Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; as, the market is flat. 7. Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute; positive; downright. Flat burglary as ever was committed. Shak. A great tobacco taker too, -- that's flat. Marston. 8. (Mus.) (a) Below the true pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half step; as, a flat seventh; A flat. (b) Not sharp or shrill; not acute; as, a flat sound. 9. (Phonetics) Sonant; vocal; -- applied to any one of the sonant or vocal consonants, as distinguished from a nonsonant (or sharp) consonant. Flat arch. (Arch.) See under Arch, n., 2. (b). -- Flat cap, cap paper, not folded. See under Paper. -- Flat chasing, in fine art metal working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing figures by dots and lines made with a punching tool. Knight. -- Flat chisel, a sculptor's chisel for smoothing. -- Flat file, a file wider than its thickness, and of rectangular section. See File. -- Flat nail, a small, sharp-pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than a tack. Knight. -- Flat paper, paper which has not been folded. -- Flat rail, a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a longitudinal sleeper. -- Flat rods (Mining), horizontal or inclined connecting rods, for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance. Raymond. -- Flat rope, a rope made by plaiting instead of twisting; gasket; sennit. Note: Some flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band. Knight. -- Flat space. (Geom.) See Euclidian space. -- Flat stitch, the process of wood engraving. [Obs.] -- Flat tint (Painting), a coat of water color of one uniform shade. -- To fall flat (Fig.), to produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his speech fell flat. Of all who fell by saber or by shot, Not one fell half so flat as Walter Scott. Lord Erskine.\n\n1. In a flat manner; directly; flatly. Sin is flat opposite to the Almighty. Herbert. 2. (Stock Exchange) Without allowance for accrued interest. [Broker's Cant]\n\n1. A level surface, without elevation, relief, or prominences; an extended plain; specifically, in the United States, a level tract along the along the banks of a river; as, the Mohawk Flats. Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep rising ground, than upon a flat. Bacon. 2. A level tract lying at little depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide; a shoal; a shallow; a strand. Half my power, this night Passing these flats, are taken by the tide. Shak. 3. Something broad and flat in form; as: (a) A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of small draught. (b) A straw hat, broad-brimmed and low-crowned. (c) (Railroad Mach.) A car without a roof, the body of which is a platform without sides; a platform car. (d) A platform on wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are carried in processions. 4. The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the broad side of a blade, as distinguished from its edge. 5. (Arch.) A floor, loft, or story in a building; especially, a floor of a house, which forms a complete residence in itself. 6. (Mining) A horizontal vein or ore deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also, any horizontal portion of a vein not elsewhere horizontal. Raymond. 7. A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull. [Colloq.] Or if you can not make a speech, Because you are a flat. Holmes. 8. (Mus.) A character [] before a note, indicating a tone which is a half step or semitone lower. 9. (Geom.) A homaloid space or extension.\n\n1. To make flat; to flatten; to level. 2. To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress. Passions are allayed, appetites are flatted. Barrow. 3. To depress in tone, as a musical note; especially, to lower in pitch by half a tone.\n\n1. To become flat, or flattened; to sink or fal to an even surface. Sir W. Temple. 2. (Mus.) To fall form the pitch. To flat out, to fail from a promising beginning; to make a bad ending; to disappoint expectations. [Colloq.]", - "flatt": null, "flatted": null, "flatten": "1. To reduce to an even surface or one approaching evenness; to make flat; to level; to make plane. 2. To throw down; to bring to the ground; to prostrate; hence, to depress; to deject; to dispirit. 3. To make vapid or insipid; to render stale. 4. (Mus.) To lower the pitch of; to cause to sound less sharp; to let fall from the pitch. To flatten a sail (Naut.), to set it more nearly fore-and-aft of the vessel. -- Flattening oven, in glass making, a heated chamber in which split glass cylinders are flattened for window glass.\n\nTo become or grow flat, even, depressed dull, vapid, spiritless, or depressed below pitch.", "flattened": null, @@ -29226,7 +26045,6 @@ "flatware": "Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware.\n\nArticles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]", "flatworm": "Any worm belonging to the Plathelminthes; also, sometimes applied to the planarians.", "flatworms": "Any worm belonging to the Plathelminthes; also, sometimes applied to the planarians.", - "flaubert": null, "flaunt": "To throw or spread out; to flutter; to move ostentatiously; as, a flaunting show. You flaunt about the streets in your new gilt chariot. Arbuthnot. One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade. Pope.\n\nTo display ostentatiously; to make an impudent show of.\n\nAnything displayed for show. [Obs.] In these my borrowed flaunts. Shak.", "flaunted": null, "flaunting": null, @@ -29292,9 +26110,6 @@ "fleetly": "In a fleet manner; rapidly.", "fleetness": "Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as, the fleetness of a horse or of time.", "fleets": "1. To sail; to float. [Obs.] And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth fleet. Spenser. 2. To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten; to flit as a light substance. All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . . Dissolved on earth, fleet hither. Milton. 3. (Naut.) To slip on the whelps or the barrel of a capstan or windlass; - - said of a cable or hawser.\n\n1. To pass over rapidly; to skin the surface of; as, a ship that fleets the gulf. Spenser. 2. To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or in mirth and joy. Many young gentlemen flock to him, and fleet the time carelessly. Shak. 3. (Naut.) (a) To draw apart the blocks of; -- said of a tackle. Totten. (b) To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan or windlass, as a rope or chain.\n\n1. Swift in motion; moving with velocity; light and quick in going from place to place; nimble. In mail their horses clad, yet fleet and strong. Milton. 2. Light; superficially thin; not penetring deep, as soil. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.\n\nA number of vessels in company, especially war vessels; also, the collective naval force of a country, etc. Fleet captain, the senior aid of the admiral of a fleet, when a captain. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\n1. A flood; a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete, except as a place name, -- as Fleet Street in London. Together wove we nets to entrap the fish In floods and sedgy fleets. Matthewes. 2. A former prison in London, which originally stood near a stream, the Fleet (now filled up). Fleet parson, a clergyman of low character, in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready to unite persons in marriage (called Fleet marriage) at any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or consent of parents.\n\nTo take the cream from; to skim. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.", - "fleischer": null, - "fleming": "A native or inhabitant of Flanders.", - "flemish": "Pertaining to Flanders, or the Flemings. -- n. The language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively, the people of Flanders. Flemish accounts (Naut.), short or deficient accounts. [Humorous]Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Flemish beauty (Bot.), a well known pear. It is one of few kinds which have a red color on one side. -- Flemish bond. (Arch.) See Bond, n., 8. -- Flemish brick, a hard yellow paving brick. -- Flemish coil, a flat coil of rope with the end in the center and the turns lying against, without riding over, each other. -- Flemish eye (Naut.), an eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and lying them over each other. -- Flemish horse (Naut.), an additional footrope at the end of a yard.", "flesh": "1. The aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover the framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the muscles. Note: In composition it is mainly albuminous, but contains in adition a large number of crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin, carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash. 2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable; meat; especially, the body of beasts and birds used as food, as distinguished from fish. With roasted flesh, or milk, and wastel bread. Chaucer. 3. The human body, as distinguished from the soul; the corporeal person. As if this flesh, which walls about our life, Were brass impregnable. Shak. 4. The human eace; mankind; humanity. All flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. Gen. vi. 12. 5. Human nature: (a) In a good sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness. There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart. Cowper. (b) In a bad sense, tendency to transient or physical pleasure; desire for sensual gratification; carnality. (c) (Theol.) The character under the influence of animal propensities or selfish passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences. 6. Kindred; stock; race. He is our brother and our flesh. Gen. xxxvii. 27. 7. The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, and the like, which is fit to be eaten. Note: Flesh is often used adjectively or self-explaining compounds; as, flesh broth or flesh-broth; flesh brush or fleshbrush; flesh tint or flesh-tint; flesh wound. After the flesh, after the manner of man; in a gross or earthly manner. \"Ye judge after the flesh.\" John viii. 15. -- An arm of flesh, human strength or aid. -- Flesh and blood. See under Blood. -- Flesh broth, broth made by boiling flesh in water. -- Flesh fly (Zoöl.), one of several species of flies whose larvæ or maggots feed upon flesh, as the bluebottle fly; -- called also meat fly, carrion fly, and blowfly. See Blowly. -- Flesh meat, animal food. Swift. -- Flesh side, the side of a skin or hide which was next to the flesh; -- opposed to grain side. -- Flesh tint (Painting), a color used in painting to imitate the hue of the living body. -- Flesh worm (Zoöl.), any insect larva of a flesh fly. See Flesh fly (above). -- Proud flesh. See under Proud. -- To be one flesh, to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one person. Gen. ii. 24.\n\n1. To feed with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate; -- from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for the first time. Full bravely hast thou fleshed Thy maiden sword. Shak. The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent. Shak. 2. To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to accustom. \"Fleshed in triumphs.\" Glanvill. Old soldiers Fleshed in the spoils of Germany and France. Beau. & Fl. 3. (Leather Manufacture) To remove flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.", "fleshed": "1. Corpulent; fat; having flesh. 2. Glutted; satiated; initiated. Fleshed with slaughter. Dryden.", "fleshes": null, @@ -29307,7 +26122,6 @@ "fleshpot": "A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence (pl.), plenty; high living. In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the fleshpots, and . . . did eat bread to the full. Ex. xvi. 3.", "fleshpots": "A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence (pl.), plenty; high living. In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the fleshpots, and . . . did eat bread to the full. Ex. xvi. 3.", "fleshy": "1. Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump; corpulent; fat; gross. The sole of his foot is fleshy. Ray. 2. Human. [Obs.] \"Fleshy tabernacle.\" Milton. 3. (Bot.) Composed of firm pulp; succulent; as, the houseleek, cactus, and agave are fleshy plants.", - "fletcher": "One who fletches of feathers arrows; a manufacturer of bows and arrows. [Obs.] Mortimer.", "flew": "imp. of Fly.", "flex": "To bend; as, to flex the arm.\n\nFlax. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "flexed": null, @@ -29362,7 +26176,6 @@ "flintlock": "1. A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer, which on stricking the steel ignites the priming. 2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.", "flintlocks": "1. A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer, which on stricking the steel ignites the priming. 2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.", "flints": "1. (Min.) A massive, somewhat impure variety of quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black, breaking with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very hard, and strikes fire with steel. 2. A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly much used, esp. in the hammers of gun locks. 3. Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and unyielding, like flint. \"A heart of flint.\" Spenser. Flint age. (Geol.) Same as Stone age, under Stone. -- Flint brick, a fire made principially of powdered silex. -- Flint glass. See in the Vocabulary. -- Flint implements (Archæol.), tools, etc., employed by men before the use of metals, such as axes, arrows, spears, knives, wedges, etc., which were commonly made of flint, but also of granite, jade, jasper, and other hard stones. -- Flint mill. (a) (Pottery) A mill in which flints are ground. (b) (Mining) An obsolete appliance for lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving wheel were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light, but did not inflame the fire damp. Knight. -- Flint stone, a hard, siliceous stone; a flint. -- Flint wall, a kind of wall, common in England, on the face of which are exposed the black surfaces of broken flints set in the mortar, with quions of masonry. -- Liquor of flints, a solution of silica, or flints, in potash. -- To skin a flint, to be capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for making money. [Colloq.]", - "flintstones": null, "flinty": "Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint; as, a flinty rock; flinty ground; a flinty heart. Flinty rockFlinty state, a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here included. See Basanite.", "flip": "A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a hot iron. Flip dog, an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.\n\nTo toss or fillip; as, to flip up a cent. As when your little ones Do 'twixt their fingers flip their cherry stones. W. Browne.", "flippancy": "The state or quality of being flippant. This flippancy of language. Bp. Hurd.", @@ -29390,7 +26203,6 @@ "flits": "1. To move with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to fleet; as, a bird flits away; a cloud flits along. A shadow flits before me. Tennyson. 2. To flutter; to rove on the wing. Dryden. 3. To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another; to remove; to migrate. It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this life, did flit out of one body into some other. Hooker. 4. To remove from one place or habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Wright. Jamieson. 5. To be unstable; to be easily or often moved. And the free soul to flitting air resigned. Dryden.\n\nNimble; quick; swift. [Obs.] See Fleet.", "flitted": null, "flitting": "1. A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering. 2. A removal from one habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] A neighbor had lent his cart for the flitting, and it was now standing loaded at the door, ready to move away. Jeffrey.\n\nContention; strife; scolding; specif., a kind of metrical contest between two persons, popular in Scotland in the 16th century. [Obs. or Scot.] These \"flytings\" consisted of alternate torrents of sheer Billingsgate poured upon each other by the combatants. Saintsbury.", - "flo": "An arrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "float": "1. Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or mark the place of, something. Specifically: (a) A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a stream by the current; a raft. (b) The hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats upon the water in a cistern or boiler. (c) The cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and indicate the bite of a fish. (d) Anything used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated bag or pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver. This reform bill . . . had been used as a float by the conservative ministry. J. P. Peters. 2. A float board. See Float board (below). 3. (Tempering) A contrivance for affording a copious stream of water to the heated surface of an object of large bulk, as an anvil or die. Knight. 4. The act of flowing; flux; flow. [Obs.] Bacon. 5. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one foot deep. [Obs.] Mortimer. 6. (Plastering) The trowel or tool with which the floated coat of plastering is leveled and smoothed. 7. A polishing block used in marble working; a runner. Knight. 8. A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by shoemakers for rasping off pegs inside a shoe. 9. A coal cart. [Eng.] Simmonds. 10. The sea; a wave. See Flote, n. Float board, one of the boards fixed radially to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle wheel; -- a vane. -- Float case (Naut.), a caisson used for lifting a ship. -- Float copper or gold (Mining), fine particles of metallic copper or of gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost. -- Float ore, water-worn particles of ore; fragments of vein material found on the surface, away from the vein outcrop. Raymond. -- Float stone (Arch.), a siliceous stone used to rub stonework or brickwork to a smooth surface. -- Float valve, a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See Float, 1 (b).\n\n1. To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up. The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground. Milton. Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast, I floated. Dryden. 2. To move quietly or gently on the water, as a raft; to drift along; to move or glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid, or through the air. They stretch their broad plumes and float upon the wind. Pope. There seems a floating whisper on the hills. Byron.\n\n1. To cause to float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid; as, the tide floated the ship into the harbor. Had floated that bell on the Inchcape rock. Southey. 2. To flood; to overflow; to cover with water. Proud Pactolus floats the fruitful lands. Dryden. 3. (Plastering) To pass over and level the surface of with a float while the plastering is kept wet. 4. To support and sustain the credit of, as a commercial scheme or a joint-stock company, so as to enable", "floated": null, "floater": "1. One who floats or swims. 2. A float for indicating the height of a liquid surface.", @@ -29451,31 +26263,20 @@ "flora": "1. (Rom. Myth.) The goddess of flowers and spring. 2. (Bot.) The complete system of vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or treatise on, such plants.", "floral": "1. Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as, floral games, wreaths. 2. (Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, a flower; as, a floral bud; a floral leaf; floral characters. Martyn. Floral envelope (Bot.), the calyx and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may be wanting.", "floras": "1. (Rom. Myth.) The goddess of flowers and spring. 2. (Bot.) The complete system of vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or treatise on, such plants.", - "florence": "1. An ancient gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings sterling value. Camden. 2. A kind of cloth. Johnson. Florence flask. See under Flask. -- Florence oil, olive oil prepared in Florence.", - "florentine": "Belonging or relating to Florence, in Italy. Florentine mosaic, a mosaic of hard or semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged that their natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like, inlaid in a background, usually of black or white marble.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy. 2. A kind of silk. Knight. 3. A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat pie. [Obs.] Stealing custards, tarts, and florentines. Beau. & Fl.", - "flores": null, "florescence": "A bursting into flower; a blossoming. Martyn.", "florescent": "Expanding into flowers; blossoming.", "floret": "1. (Bot.) A little flower; one of the numerous little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion. Gray. 2. Etym: [F. fleuret.] A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing. [Obs.] Cotgrave.", "florets": "1. (Bot.) A little flower; one of the numerous little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion. Gray. 2. Etym: [F. fleuret.] A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing. [Obs.] Cotgrave.", "florid": "1. Covered with flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery. [R.] Fruit from a pleasant and florid tree. Jer. Taylor. 2. Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively reddish color; as, a florid countenance. 3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched to excess with figures; excessively ornate; as, a florid style; florid eloquence. 4. (Mus.) Flowery; ornamental; running in rapid melodic figures, divisions, or passages, as in variations; full of fioriture or little ornamentations.", - "florida": null, - "floridan": null, - "floridian": null, - "floridians": null, "floridly": "In a florid manner.", "floridness": "The quality of being florid. Boyle.", "florin": "A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.", - "florine": null, "florins": "A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.", "florist": "1. A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.", "florists": "1. A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.", - "florsheim": null, - "flory": null, "floss": "1. (Bot.) The slender styles of the pistillate flowers of maize; also called silk. 2. Untwisted filaments of silk, used in embroidering. Floss silk, silk that has been twisted, and which retains its loose and downy character. It is much used in embroidery. Called also floxed silk. -- Floss thread, a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for embroidery; -- called also linen floss, and floss yarn. McElrath.\n\n1. A small stream of water. [Eng.] 2. Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling furnace, produced by the vitrification of oxides and earths which are present. Floss hole. (a) A hole at the back of a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass out. (b) The tap hole of a melting furnace. Knight.", "flossed": null, "flosses": null, - "flossie": null, "flossier": null, "flossiest": null, "flossing": null, @@ -29530,7 +26331,6 @@ "flowing": "That flows or for flowing (in various sense of the verb); gliding along smoothly; copious. Flowing battery (Elec.), a battery which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid through the cell or cells. Knight. -- Flowing furnace, a furnace from which molten metal, can be drawn, as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola. -- Flowing sheet (Naut.), a sheet when eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the beam. Totten.\n\na. & n. from Flow, v. i. & t.", "flown": "p. p. of Fly; -- often used with the auxiliary verb to be; as, the birds are flown.\n\nFlushed, inflated. Note: [Supposed by some to be a mistake for blown or swoln.] Pope. Then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. Milton.", "flows": "imp. sing. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.\n\n1. To move with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; as, rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from the eyes. 2. To become liquid; to melt. The mountains flowed down at thy presence. Is. lxiv. 3. 3. To pproceed; to issue forth; as, wealth flows from industry and economy. Those thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and actions. Milton. 4. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; as, a flowing period; flowing numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered easily. Virgil is sweet and flowingin his hexameters. Dryden. 5. To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or flow over; to be copious. In that day . . . the hills shall flow with milk. Joel iii. 18. The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the flowing bowl. Prof. Wilson. 6. To hang loose and waving; as, a flowing mantle; flowing locks. The imperial purple flowing in his train. A. Hamilton. 7. To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to ebb; as, the tide flows twice in twenty-four hours. The river hath thrice flowed, no ebb between. Shak. 8. To discharge blood in excess from the uterus.\n\n1. To cover with water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to flood. 2. To cover with varnish.\n\n1. A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as, a flow of water; a flow of blood. 2. A continuous movement of something abundant; as, a flow of words. 3. Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river; a stream. The feast of reason and the flow of soul. Pope. 4. The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See Ebb and flow, under Ebb. 5. A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also flow moss and flow bog. [Scot.] Jamieson.", - "floyd": null, "flt": null, "flu": null, "flub": null, @@ -29640,7 +26440,6 @@ "flying": "Moving in the air with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for rapid movement. Flying army (Mil.) a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm. Farrow. --Flying artillery (Mil.), artillery trained to rapid evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change position. -- Flying bridge, Flying camp. See under Bridge, and Camp. -- Flying buttress (Arch.), a contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch. -- Flying colors, flags unfurled and waving in the air; hence: To come off with flying colors, to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an undertaking. -- Flying doe (Zoöl.), a young female kangaroo. -- Flying dragon. (a) (Zoöl.) See Dragon, 6. (b) A meteor. See under Dragon. -- Flying Dutchman. (a) A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the seas till the day of judgment. (b) A spectral ship. -- Flying fish. (Zoöl.) See Flying fish, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying fox (Zoöl.), the colugo. -- Flying frog (Zoöl.), an East Indian tree frog of the genus Rhacophorus, having very large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps. -- Flying gurnard (Zoöl.), a species of gurnard of the genus Cephalacanthus or Dactylopterus, with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a distance. Note: Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is Cephalacanthus volitans. -- Flying jib (Naut.), a sail extended outside of the standing jib, on the flying-jib boom. -- Flying-jib boom (Naut.), an extension of the jib boom. -- Flying kites (Naut.), light sails carried only in fine weather. -- Flying lemur. (Zoöl.) See Colugo. -- Flying level (Civil Engin.), a reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal, etc. -- Flying lizard. (Zoöl.) See Dragon, n, 6. -- Flying machine, an apparatus for navigating the air; a form of balloon. -- Flying mouse (Zoöl.), the opossum mouse (Acrobates pygmæus), of Australia. Note: It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying squirrels. -- Flying party (Mil.), a body of soldiers detailed to hover about an enemy. -- Flying phalanger (Zoöl.), one of several species of small marsuupials of the genera Petaurus and Belideus, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels. The sugar squirrel (B. sciureus), and the ariel (B. ariel), are the best known; -- called also squirrel petaurus and flying squirrel. See Sugar squirrel. -- Flying pinion, the fly of a clock. -- Flying sap (Mil.), the rapid construction of trenches (when the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth. -- Flying shot, a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing. -- Flying spider. (Zoöl.) See Ballooning spider. -- Flying squid (Zoöl.), an oceanic squid (Ommastrephes, or Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii), abundant in the Gulf Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force that it often falls on the deck of a vessel. -- Flying squirrel (Zoöl.) See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying start, a start in a sailing race in which the signal is given while the vessels are under way. -- Flying torch (Mil.), a torch attached to a long staff and used for signaling at night.", "flyleaf": null, "flyleaves": null, - "flynn": null, "flyover": null, "flyovers": null, "flypaper": null, @@ -29663,10 +26462,7 @@ "flyweights": null, "flywheel": null, "flywheels": null, - "fm": null, "fmri": null, - "fms": null, - "fnma": null, "foal": "The young of any animal of the Horse family (Equidæ); a colt; a filly. Foal teeth (Zoöl.), the first set of teeth of a horse. -- In foal, With foal, being with young; pregnant; -- said of a mare or she ass.\n\nTo bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.\n\nTo bring forth young, as an animal of the horse kind.", "foaled": null, "foaling": null, @@ -29685,7 +26481,6 @@ "fobs": "A little pocket for a watch. Fob chain, a short watch chain worn a watch carried in the fob.\n\n1. To beat; to maul. [Obs.] 2. To cheat; to trick; to impose on. Shak. To fob off, to shift off by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a trick.\"A conspiracy of bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of the people.\" Milton.", "focal": "Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point. Focal distance, or length,of a lens or mirror (Opt.), the distance of the focus from the surface of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the case of a lens, from its optical center. --Focal distance of a telescope, the distance of the image of an object from the object glass.", "focally": null, - "foch": null, "focus": "1. (Opt.) A point in which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refrcted, and at which the image is formed; as, the focus of a lens or mirror. 2. (Geom.) A point so related to a conic section and certain straight line called the directrix that the ratio of the distace between any point of the curve and the focus to the distance of the same point from the directrix is constant. Note: Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all equal. So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio HA:HK is constant for all points of the curve; and in the parabola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than unity, in the parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have each two foci, and two corresponding directrixes, and the parabola has one focus and one directrix. In the ellipse the sum of the two lines from any point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is: AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the difference of the corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which passes through the foci of the ellipse is the major axis. The diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the hyperbola is the transverse axis. The middle point of the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve. Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have points called foci, possessing properties similar to those of the foci of conic sections. In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed toward the other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed from the other; in a parabola, rays from the focus, after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel to the axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from B. 3. A central point; a point of concentration. Aplanatic focus. (Opt.) See under Aplanatic. -- Conjugate focus (Opt.), the focus for rays which have a sensible divergence, as from a near object; -- so called because the positions of the object and its image are interchangeable. -- Focus tube (Phys.), a vacuum tube for Roentgen rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode, for intensifying the effect. -- Principal, or Solar, focus (Opt.), the focus for parallel rays.\n\nTo bring to a focus; to focalize; as, to focus a camera. R. Hunt.", "focused": null, "focuses": null, @@ -29694,7 +26489,6 @@ "fodders": "A weight by which lead and some other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from 19 [Obs.]\n\nThat which is fed out to cattle horses, and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.\n\nTo feed, as cattle, with dry food or cut grass, etc.;to furnish with hay, straw, oats, etc.", "foe": "See Fiend, and cf. Feud a quarrel. 1. One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy. A man's foes shall be they of his own household. Matt. x. 36 2. An enemy in war; a hostile army. 3. One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an ill- wisher; as, a foe to religion. A foe to received doctrines. I. Watts\n\nTo treat as an enemy. [Obs.] Spenser.", "foes": "See Fiend, and cf. Feud a quarrel. 1. One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy. A man's foes shall be they of his own household. Matt. x. 36 2. An enemy in war; a hostile army. 3. One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an ill- wisher; as, a foe to religion. A foe to received doctrines. I. Watts\n\nTo treat as an enemy. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "fofl": null, "fog": "(a) A second growth of grass; aftergrass. (b) Dead or decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; -- called also foggage. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. Note: Sometimes called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland, fog is a general name for moss.\n\n(Agric.) To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from.\n\nTo practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog. [Obs.] Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee Dryden.\n\n1. Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere and disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in being near the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly to fine rain. See Cloud. 2. A state of mental confusion. Fog alarm, Fog bell, Fog horn, etc., a bell, horn, whistle or other contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near places of danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick weather. -- Fog bank, a mass of fog resting upon the sea, and resembling distant land. -- Fog ring, a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, -- often seen on the coast of Newfoundland.\n\nTo envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to obscure.\n\nTo show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on a negative sometimes does in the process of development.", "fogbound": null, "fogged": null, @@ -29720,7 +26514,6 @@ "foisted": null, "foisting": null, "foists": "A light and fast-sailing ship. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.\n\nTo insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate; to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true, or worthy; -- usually followed by in. Lest negligence or partiality might admit or fois in abuses corruption. R. Carew. When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious foisting of some words in. South.\n\n1. A foister; a sharper. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. A trick or fraud; a swindle. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", - "fokker": null, "fol": null, "fold": "1. To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter. As a vesture shalt thou fold them up. Heb. i. 12. 2. To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds his arms in despair. 3. To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace. A face folded in sorrow. J. Webster. We will descend and fold him in our arms. Shak. 4. To cover or wrap up; to conceal. Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses. Shak.\n\nTo become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold. 1 Kings vi. 34.\n\n1. A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication. Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of folds of linen. Bacon. Folds are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions. J. D. Dana. 2. Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four. 3. That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace. Shall from your neck unloose his amorous fold. Shak. Fold net, a kind of net used in catching birds.\n\n1. An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen. Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold. Milton. 2. A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold. There shall be one fold and one shepherd. John x. 16. The very whitest lamb in all my fold. Tennyson. 3. A boundary; a limit. [Obs.] Creech. Fold yard, an inclosure for sheep or cattle.\n\nTo confine in a fold, as sheep.\n\nTo confine sheep in a fold. [R.] The star that bids the shepherd fold. Milton.", "foldaway": null, @@ -29731,8 +26524,6 @@ "foldout": null, "foldouts": null, "folds": "1. To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter. As a vesture shalt thou fold them up. Heb. i. 12. 2. To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds his arms in despair. 3. To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace. A face folded in sorrow. J. Webster. We will descend and fold him in our arms. Shak. 4. To cover or wrap up; to conceal. Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses. Shak.\n\nTo become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold. 1 Kings vi. 34.\n\n1. A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication. Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of folds of linen. Bacon. Folds are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions. J. D. Dana. 2. Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four. 3. That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace. Shall from your neck unloose his amorous fold. Shak. Fold net, a kind of net used in catching birds.\n\n1. An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen. Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold. Milton. 2. A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold. There shall be one fold and one shepherd. John x. 16. The very whitest lamb in all my fold. Tennyson. 3. A boundary; a limit. [Obs.] Creech. Fold yard, an inclosure for sheep or cattle.\n\nTo confine in a fold, as sheep.\n\nTo confine sheep in a fold. [R.] The star that bids the shepherd fold. Milton.", - "foley": null, - "folgers": null, "foliage": "1. Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage; as, a tree or forest of beautiful foliage. 2. A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches; especially, the representation of leaves, flowers, and branches, in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, etc. Foliage plant (Bot.), any plant cultivated for the beauty of its leaves, as many kinds of Begonia and Coleus.\n\nTo adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the representation of leaves. [R.] Drummond.", "folic": null, "folio": "1. A leaf of a book or manuscript. 2. A sheet of paper once folded. 3. A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under Paper. 4. (Print.) The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the right-hand. 5. A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number. 6. (Law) A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words. Folio post, a flat writing paper, usually 17 by 24 inches.\n\nTo put a serial number on each folio or page of (a book); to page.\n\nFormed of sheets each folded once, making two leaves, or four pages; as, a folio volume. See Folio, n., 3.", @@ -29768,15 +26559,12 @@ "followup": null, "followups": null, "folly": "1. The state of being foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind. 2. A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless procedure; weak or light-minded conduct; foolery. What folly 'tis to hazard life for ill. Shak. 3. Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied to a woman, wantonness. [Achan] wrought folly in Israel. Josh. vii. 15. When lovely woman stoops to folly. Goldsmith. 4. The result of a foolish action or enterprise. It is called this man's or that man's \"folly,\" and name of the foolish builder is thus kept alive for long after years. Trench.", - "folsom": null, - "fomalhaut": "A star of the first magnitude, in the constellation Piscis Australis, or Southern Fish.", "foment": "1. To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or medicated liquid. 2. To cherish with heat; to foster. [Obs.] Which these soft fires . . . foment and warm. Milton. 3. To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; -- used often in a bad sense; as, to foment ill humors. Locke. But quench the choler you foment in vain. Dryden. Exciting and fomenting a religious rebellion. Southey.", "fomentation": "1. (Med.) (a) The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances, as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of discussing tumors. (b) The lotion applied to a diseased part. 2. Excitation; instigation; encouragement. Dishonest fomentation of your pride. Young.", "fomented": null, "fomenting": null, "foments": "1. To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or medicated liquid. 2. To cherish with heat; to foster. [Obs.] Which these soft fires . . . foment and warm. Milton. 3. To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; -- used often in a bad sense; as, to foment ill humors. Locke. But quench the choler you foment in vain. Dryden. Exciting and fomenting a religious rebellion. Southey.", "fond": "imp. of Find. Found. Chaucer.\n\n1. Foolish; silly; simple; weak. [Archaic] Grant I may never prove so fond To trust man on his oath or bond. Shak. 2. Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent; over-affectionate. 3. Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good sense; as, a fond mother or wife. Addison. 4. Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful, indulgent, or desirous; longing or yearning; -- followed by of (formerly also by on). More fond on her than she upon her love. Shak. You are as fond of grief as of your child. Shak. A great traveler, and fond of telling his adventures. Irving. 5. Doted on; regarded with affection. [R.] Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy prayer. Byron. 6. Trifling; valued by folly; trivial. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo caress; to fondle. [Obs.] The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her breast. Dryden.\n\nTo be fond; to dote. [Obs.] Shak.", - "fonda": null, "fondant": "A kind of soft sweetmeat made by boiling solutions to the point of crystallization, usually molded; as, cherry fondant.", "fondants": "A kind of soft sweetmeat made by boiling solutions to the point of crystallization, usually molded; as, cherry fondant.", "fonder": null, @@ -29817,7 +26605,6 @@ "foolproof": null, "fools": "A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream; -- commonly called gooseberry fool.\n\n1. One destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding; an idiot; a natural. 2. A person deficient in intellect; one who acts absurdly, or pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom; one without judgment; a simpleton; a dolt. Extol not riches, then, the toil of fools. Milton. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. Franklin. 3. (Script.) One who acts contrary to moral and religious wisdom; a wicked person. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Ps. xiv. 1. 4. One who counterfeits folly; a professional jester or buffoon; a retainer formerly kept to make sport, dressed fantastically in motley, with ridiculous accouterments. Can they think me . . . their fool or jester Milton. April fool, Court fool, etc. See under April, Court, etc. -- Fool's cap, a cap or hood to which bells were usually attached, formerly worn by professional jesters. -- Fool's errand, an unreasonable, silly, profitless adventure or undertaking. -- Fool's gold, iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in color. -- Fool's paradise, a name applied to a limbo (see under Limbo) popularly believed to be the region of vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or condition of vain self-satistaction. -- Fool's parsley (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous plant (Æthusa Cynapium) resembling parsley, but nauseous and poisonous. -- To make a fool of, to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame. [Colloq.] -- To play the fool, to act the buffoon; to act a foolish part. \"I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly.\" 1 Sam. xxvi. 21.\n\nTo play the fool; to trifle; to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth. Is this a time for fooling Dryden.\n\n1. To infatuate; to make foolish. Shak. For, fooled with hope, men favor the deceit. Dryden. 2. To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or mortifying manner; to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish confidence; as, to fool one out of his money. You are fooled, discarded, and shook off By him for whom these shames ye underwent. Shak. To fool away, to get rid of foolishly; to spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without advantage.", "foolscap": "A writing paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8 inches. See Paper.", - "foosball": null, "foot": "1. (Anat.) The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See Manus, and Pes. 2. (Zoöl.) The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is a median organ arising from the ventral region of body, often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails. See Illust. of Buccinum. 3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as, the foot of a table; the foot of a stocking. 4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with inferiority; as, the foot of a hill; the foot of the procession; the foot of a class; the foot of the bed. And now at foot Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet. Milton. 5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the singular. Answer directly upon the foot of dry reason. Berkeley. 6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the singular. [R.] As to his being on the foot of a servant. Walpole. 7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third of a yard. See Yard. Note: This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot. It differs in length in different countries. In the United States and in England it is 304.8 millimeters. 8. (Mil.) Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry, usually designated as the foot, in distinction from the cavalry. \"Both horse and foot.\" Milton. 9. (Pros.) A combination of syllables consisting a metrical element of a verse, the syllables being formerly distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern poetry by the accent. 10. (Naut.) The lower edge of a sail. Note: Foot is often used adjectively, signifying of or pertaining to a foot or the feet, or to the base or lower part. It is also much used as the first of compounds. Foot artillery. (Mil.) (a) Artillery soldiers serving in foot. (b) Heavy artillery. Farrow. -- Foot bank (Fort.), a raised way within a parapet. -- Foot barracks (Mil.), barracks for infantery. -- Foot bellows, a bellows worked by a treadle. Knight. -- Foot company (Mil.), a company of infantry. Milton. -- Foot gear, covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots. -- Foot hammer (Mach.), a small tilt hammer moved by a treadle. -- Foot iron. (a) The step of a carriage. (b) A fetter. -- Foot jaw. (Zoöl.) See Maxilliped. -- Foot key (Mus.), an organ pedal. -- Foot level (Gunnery), a form of level used in giving any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance. Farrow. -- Foot mantle, a long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt. [Obs.] -- Foot page, an errand boy; an attendant. [Obs.] -- Foot passenger, one who passes on foot, as over a road or bridge. -- Foot pavement, a paved way for foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir. -- Foot poet, an inferior poet; a poetaster. [R.] Dryden. -- Foot post. (a) A letter carrier who travels on foot. (b) A mail delivery by means of such carriers. -- Fot pound, and Foot poundal. (Mech.) See Foot pound and Foot poundal, in the Vocabulary. -- Foot press (Mach.), a cutting, embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle. -- Foot race, a race run by persons on foot. Cowper. -- Foot rail, a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the lower side. -- Foot rot, an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness. -- Foot rule, a rule or measure twelve inches long. -- Foot screw, an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an uneven place. -- Foot secretion. (Zoöl.) See Sclerobase. -- Foot soldier, a soldier who serves on foot. -- Foot stick (Printing), a beveled piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place. -- Foot stove, a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the feet. -- Foot tubercle. (Zoöl.) See Parapodium. -- Foot valve (Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the air pump from the condenser. -- Foot vise, a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by a treadle. -- Foot waling (Naut.), the inside planks or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers. Totten. -- Foot wall (Mining), the under wall of an inclosed vein. By foot, or On foot, by walking; as, to pass a stream on foot. -- Cubic foot. See under Cubic. -- Foot and mouth disease, a contagious disease (Eczema epizoötica) of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in the mouth and about the hoofs. -- Foot of the fine (Law), the concluding portion of an acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See Fine of land, under Fine, n.; also Chirograph. (b). -- Square foot. See under Square. -- To be on foot, to be in motion, action, or process of execution. -- To keep the foot (Script.), to preserve decorum. \"Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God.\" Eccl. v. 1. -- To put one's foot down, to take a resolute stand; to be determined. [Colloq.] -- To put the best foot foremost, to make a good appearance; to do one's best. [Colloq.] -- To set on foot, to put in motion; to originate; as, to set on foot a subscription. -- To put, or set, one on his feet, to put one in a position to go on; to assist to start. -- Under foot. (a) Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to trample under foot. Gibbon. (b) Below par. [Obs.] \"They would be forced to sell . . . far under foot.\" Bacon.\n\n1. To tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip. Dryden. 2. To walk; -- opposed to ride or fly. Shak.\n\n1. To kick with the foot; to spurn. Shak. 2. To set on foot; to establish; to land. [Obs.] What confederacy have you with the traitors Late footed in the kingdom Shak. 3. To tread; as, to foot the green. Tickell. 4. To sum up, as the numbers in a column; -- sometimes with up; as, to foot (or foot up) an account. 5. The size or strike with the talon. [Poet.] Shak. 6. To renew the foot of, as of stocking. Shak. To foot a bill, to pay it. [Colloq.] -- To foot it, to walk; also, to dance. If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can foot it farthest. Dryden.", "footage": null, "football": "An inflated ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India rubber, or a bladder incased in Leather. Waller. 2. The game of kicking the football by opposing parties of players between goals. Arbuthnot.", @@ -29896,7 +26683,6 @@ "forbearance": "The act of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience. He soon shall findForbearance no acquittance ere day end. Milton. 2. The quality of being forbearing; indulgence toward offenders or enemies; long-suffering. Have a continent forbearance, till the speed of his rage goeShak. Syn. -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.", "forbearing": "Disposed or accustomed to forbear; patient; long-suffering. -- For*bear\"ing*ly, adv.", "forbears": "An ancestor; a forefather; -- usually in the plural. [Scot.] \"Your forbears of old.\" Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay. Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear 1 Kinds xxii. 6. 2. To refuse; to decline; to give no heed. Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear. Ezek. ii. 7. 3. To control one's self when provoked. The kindest and the happiest pair Will find occasion to forbear. Cowper. Both bear and forbear. Old Proverb.\n\n1. To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; as, to forbear the use of a word of doubdtful propriety. But let me that plunder forbear. Shenstone. The King In open battle or the tilting field Forbore his own advantage. Tennyson. 2. To treat with consideration or indulgence. Forbearing one another in love. Eph. iv. 2. 3. To cease from bearing. [Obs.] Whenas my womb her burden would forbear. Spenser.", - "forbes": null, "forbid": "1. To command against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict. More than I have said . . . The leisure and enforcement of the time Forbids to dwell upon. Shak. 2. To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command; to command not to enter. Have I not forbid her my house Shak. 3. To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command; as, an impassable river forbids the approach of the army. A blaze of glory that forbids the sight. Dryden. 4. To accurse; to blast. [Obs.] He shall live a man forbid. Shak. 5. To defy; to challenge. [Obs.] L. Andrews. Syn. -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withold; restrain; prevent. See Prohibit.\n\nTo utter a prohibition; to prevent; to hinder. \"I did not or forbid.\" Milton.", "forbidden": "Prohibited; interdicted. I kniw no spells, use no forbidden arts. Milton. Forbidden fruit. (a) Any coveted unlawful pleasure, -- so called with reference to the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden. (b) (Bot.) A small variety of shaddock (Citrus decumana). The name is given in different places to several varieties of Citrus fruits.", "forbidding": "Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike; disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; as, a forbidding aspect; a forbidding formality; a forbidding air. Syn. -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive; odious; abhorrent. -- For*bid\"ding*ly, adv. -- For*bid\"ding*ness, n.", @@ -30153,16 +26939,12 @@ "formerly": "In time past, either in time immediately preceding or at any indefinite distance; of old; heretofore.", "formfitting": null, "formic": "Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid; in an extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as, formic ether. Amido formic acid, carbamic acid. -- Formic acid, a colorless, mobile liquid, HCO.OH, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl alcohol, by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive distillation of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty acids in the paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.", - "formica": "A Linnæan genus of hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See Ant.", - "formicas": "A Linnæan genus of hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See Ant.", "formidable": "Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter from approach, encounter, or undertaking; alarming. They seemed to fear the formodable sight. Dryden. I swell my preface into a volume, and make it formidable, when you see so many pages behind. Drydn. Syn. -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking; horrible; terrific; tremendous.", "formidably": "In a formidable manner.", "forming": "The act or process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in shipbuilding, the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.", "formless": "Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity of shape. -- Form\"less*ly, adv. -- Form\"less*ness, n.", "formlessly": null, "formlessness": null, - "formosa": null, - "formosan": null, "forms": "A suffix used to denote in the form or shape of, resembling, etc.; as, valiform; oviform.\n\n1. The shape and structure of anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving it individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure; external appearance. The form of his visage was changed. Dan. iii. 19. And woven close close, both matter, form, and style. Milton. 2. Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system; as, a republican form of government. 3. Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula; as, a form of prayer. Those whom form of laws Condemned to die. Dryden. 4. Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality; as, a matter of mere form. Though well we may not pass upon his life Without the form of justice. Shak. 5. Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also, comeliness; elegance; beauty. The earth was without form and void. Gen. i. 2. He hath no form nor comeliness. Is. liii. 2. 6. A shape; an image; a phantom. 7. That by which shape is given or determined; mold; pattern; model. 8. A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students in a school; a class; also, a class or rank in society. \"Ladies of a high form.\" Bp. Burnet. 9. The seat or bed of a hare. As in a form sitteth a weary hare. Chaucer. 10. (Print.) The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase. 11. (Fine Arts) The boundary line of a material object. In painting, more generally, the human body. 12. (Gram.) The particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech; as, participial forms; verbal forms. 13. (Crystallog.) The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid. 14. (Metaph.) That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it is; -- called essential or substantial form, and contradistinguished from matter; hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law. 15. Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses, or the intellect; as, water assumes the form of ice or snow. In modern usage, the elements of a conception furnished by the mind's own activity, as contrasted with its object or condition, which is called the matter; subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as dependent on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal and necessary accompaniments or elements of every object known or thought of. 16. (Biol.) The peculiar characteristics of an organism as a type of others; also, the structure of the parts of an animal or plant. Good form or Bad form, the general appearance, condition or action, originally of horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat crew are said to be in good form when they pull together uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in description of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not good form to smoke in the presence of a lady.\n\n1. To give form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to fashion. God formed man of the dust of the ground. Gen. ii. 7. The thought that labors in my forming brain. Rowe. 2. To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold, or fashion into a certain state or condition; to arrange; to adjust; also, to model by instruction and discipline; to mold by influence, etc.; to train. 'T is education forms the common mind. Pope. Thus formed for speed, he challenges the wind. Dryden. 3. To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to be the essential or constitutive elements of; to answer for; to make the shape of; -- said of that out of which anything is formed or constituted, in whole or in part. The diplomatic politicians . . . who formed by far the majority. Burke. 4. To provide with a form, as a hare. See Form, n., 9. The melancholy hare is formed in brakes and briers. Drayton. 5. (Gram.) To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.\n\n1. To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; as, the infantry should form in column. 2. To run to a form, as a hare. B. Jonson. To form on (Mil.), to form a lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a basis.", "formula": "1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or said. 2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines. 3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the binominal formula. 4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal compound. 5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a compound. Note: Chemical formulæ consist of the abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each element contained. Empirical formula (Chem.), an expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2. -- Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an expression of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; as, a rational formula of acetic acid is CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also structural formula, constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene. -- Molecular formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the supposed molecular constitution of a compound.", "formulae": null, @@ -30183,14 +26965,12 @@ "fornication": "1. Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to adultery. Note: In England, the offense, though cognizable in the ecclesiastical courts, was not at common law subject to secular prosecution. In the United States it is indictable in some States at common law, in others only by statute. Whartyon. 2. (Script.) (a) Adultery. (b) Incest. (c) Idolatry.", "fornicator": "An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.", "fornicators": "An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.", - "forrest": null, "forsake": "1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; as, false friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity. If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments. Ps. lxxxix. 30. 2. To renounce; to reject; to refuse. If you forsake the offer of their love. Shak. Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce; reject. See Abandon.", "forsaken": null, "forsakes": "1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; as, false friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity. If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments. Ps. lxxxix. 30. 2. To renounce; to reject; to refuse. If you forsake the offer of their love. Shak. Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce; reject. See Abandon.", "forsaking": null, "forsook": null, "forsooth": "In truth; in fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly used as an expression of deference or respect, especially to woman; now used ironically or contemptuously. A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm! Hayward. Our old English word forsooth has been changed for the French madam. Guardian.\n\nTo address respectfully with the term forsooth. [Obs.] The captain of the \"Charles\" had forsoothed her, though he knew her well enough and she him. Pepys.\n\nA person who used forsooth much; a very ceremonious and deferential person. [R.] You sip so like a forsooth of the city. B. Jonson.", - "forster": "A forester. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "forswear": "1. To reject or renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with protestations. I . . . do forswear her. Shak. 2. To deny upon oath. Like innocence, and as serenely bold As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold! Dryden. To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to peforswear thyself.\" Syn. -- See Perjure.\n\nTo swear falsely; to commit perjury. Shak.", "forswearing": null, "forswears": "1. To reject or renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with protestations. I . . . do forswear her. Shak. 2. To deny upon oath. Like innocence, and as serenely bold As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold! Dryden. To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to peforswear thyself.\" Syn. -- See Perjure.\n\nTo swear falsely; to commit perjury. Shak.", @@ -30199,7 +26979,6 @@ "forsythia": "A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms.", "forsythias": "A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms.", "fort": "A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a fortification. Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to the class of works termed forts. Farrow.", - "fortaleza": null, "forte": "1. The strong point; that in which one excels. fort\"a The construction of a fable seems by no means the forte of our modern poetical writers. Jeffrey. 2. The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half nearest the hilt; -- opposed to foible.\n\nLoudly; strongly; powerfully.", "fortes": "1. The strong point; that in which one excels. fort\"a The construction of a fable seems by no means the forte of our modern poetical writers. Jeffrey. 2. The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half nearest the hilt; -- opposed to foible.\n\nLoudly; strongly; powerfully.", "forth": "1. Forward; onward in time, place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end; as, from that day forth; one, two, three, and so forth. Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth of the Acts forth. Tyndale. From this time forth, I never will speak word. Shak. I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say forth; I said I was taught no more. Strype. 2. Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement, confinement, nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or view; as, the plants in spring put forth leaves. When winter past, and summer scarce begun, Invites them forth to labor in the sun. Dryden. 3. Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad; out. I have no mind of feasting forth to-night. Shak. 4. Throughly; from beginning to end. [Obs.] Shak. And so forth, Back and forth, From forth. See under And, Back, and From. -- Forth of, Forth from, out of [Obs.] Shak. -- To bring forth. See under Bring.\n\nForth from; out of. [Archaic] Some forth their cabins peep. Donne.\n\nA way; a passage or ford. [Obs.] Todd.", @@ -30224,7 +27003,6 @@ "fortnight": "The space of fourteen days; two weeks.", "fortnightly": "Occurring or appearing once in a fortnight; as, a fortnightly meeting of a club; a fortnightly magazine, or other publication. -- adv. Once in a fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.", "fortnights": "The space of fourteen days; two weeks.", - "fortran": null, "fortress": "A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security. Syn. -- Fortress, Fortification, Castle, Citadel. A fortress is constructed for military purposes only, and is permanently garrisoned; a fortification is built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a castle is a fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling; a citadel is the stronghold of a fortress or city, etc.\n\nTo furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to fortify. Shak.", "fortresses": null, "forts": "A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a fortification. Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to the class of works termed forts. Farrow.", @@ -30253,7 +27031,6 @@ "forwards": "Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; in advance; progressively; -- opposed to backward.\n\nSame as Forward.", "forwent": null, "fossa": "A pit, groove, cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; as, the temporal fossa on the side of the skull; the nasal fossæ containing the nostrils in most birds.", - "fosse": "1. (Fort.) A ditch or moat. 2. (Anat.) See Fossa. Fosse road. See Fosseway.", "fossil": "1. Dug out of the eart; as, fossil coal; fossil salt. 2. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks. whether petrified or not; as, fossil plants, shells. Fossil copal, a resinous substance, first found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth. -- Fossil cork, flax, paper, or wood, varieties of amianthus. -- Fossil farina, a soft carbonate of lime. -- Fossil ore, fossiliferous red hematite. Raymond.\n\n1. A substance dug from the earth. [Obs.] Note: Formerly all minerals were called fossils, but the word is now restricted to express the remains of animals and plants found buried in the earth. Ure. 2. (Paleon.) The remains of an animal or plant found in stratified rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct species, but many of the later ones belong to species still living. 3. A person whose views and opinions are extremely antiquated; one whose sympathies are with a former time rather than with the present. [Colloq.]", "fossilization": "The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.", "fossilize": "1. To convert into a fossil; to petrify; as, to fossilize bones or wood. 2. To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, as by fossilization; to mummify; to deaden. Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head Are apt to fossilize her girlish mirth. Mrs. Browning.\n\n1. To become fossil. 2. To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of change or progress.", @@ -30265,8 +27042,6 @@ "fostered": null, "fostering": null, "fosters": "1. To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up. Some say that ravens foster forlorn children. Shak. 2. To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and promote; as, to foster genius.\n\nTo be nourished or trained up together. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nRelating to nourishment; affording, receiving, or sharing nourishment or nurture; -- applied to father, mother, child, brother, etc., to indicate that the person so called stands in the relation of parent, child, brother, etc., as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie of blood. Foster babe, or child, an infant of child nursed by a woman not its mother, or bred by a man not its father. -- Foster brother, Foster sister, one who is, or has been, nursed at the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as another, but is not of the same parentage. -- Foster dam, one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse. Dryden. -- Foster earth, earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil. J. Philips. -- Foster father, a man who takes the place of a father in caring for a child. Bacon. -- Foster land. (a) Land allotted for the maintenance of any one. [Obs.] (b) One's adopted country. -- Foster lean Etym: [foster + AS. læn a loan See Loan.], remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also, the jointure of a wife. [Obs.] Wharton. -- Foster mother, a woman who takes a mother's place in the nurture and care of a child; a nurse. -- Foster nurse, a nurse; a nourisher. [R.] Shak. -- Foster parent, a foster mother or foster father. -- Foster son, a male foster child.\n\nA forester. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nOne who, or that which, fosters.", - "fotomat": null, - "foucault": null, "fought": "imp. & p. p. of Fight.", "foul": "A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy; dirty; not clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; as, a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul chimney; foul air; a ship's bottom is foul when overgrown with barnacles; a gun becomes foul from repeated firing; a well is foul with polluted water. My face is foul with weeping. Job. xvi. 16. 2. Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as, foul words; foul language. 3. Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious; wretched. \"The foul with Sycorax.\" Shak. Who first seduced them to that foul revolt Milton. 4. Loathsome; disgusting; as, a foul disease. 5. Ugly; homely; poor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares. Shak. 6. Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or advantageous; as, a foul wind; a foul road; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the weather, sky, etc. So foul a sky clears not without a storm. Shak. 7. Not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; dishonorable; cheating; as, foul play. 8. Having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to clear; as, a rope or cable may get foul while paying it out. Foul anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor. -- Foul ball (Baseball), a ball that first strikes the ground outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain limits. -- Foul ball lines (Baseball), lines from the home base, through the first and third bases, to the boundary of the field. -- Foul berth (Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger of fouling another vesel. -- Foul bill, or Foul bill of health, a certificate, duly authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are infected. -- Foul copy, a rough draught, with erasures and corrections; -- opposed to fair or clean copy. \"Some writers boast of negligence, and others would be ashamed to show their foul copies.\" Cowper. -- Foul proof, an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive quantity of errors. -- Foul strike (Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any part of his person is outside of the lines of his position. -- To fall foul, to fall out; to quarrel. [Obs.] \"If they be any ways offended, they fall foul.\" Burton. -- To fall, or run, foul of. See under Fall. -- To make foul water, to sail in such shallow water that the ship's keel stirs the mud at the bottom.\n\n1. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to soil; as, to foul the face or hands with mire. 2. (Mil.) To incrust (the bore of a gun) with burnt powder in the process of firing. 3. To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that impered its sailing; as, a bottom fouled with barnacles. 4. To entangle, so as to impede motion; as, to foul a rope or cable in paying it out; to come into collision with; as, one boat fouled the other in a race.\n\n1. To become clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a gun. 2. To become entagled, as ropes; to come into collision with something; as, the two boats fouled.\n\n1. An entanglement; a collision, as in a boat race. 2. (Baseball) See Foul ball, under Foul, a.", "foulard": "A thin, washable material of silk, or silk and cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made elsewhere.", @@ -30301,8 +27076,6 @@ "founts": "A font.\n\nA fountain.", "four": "One more than three; twice two.\n\n1. The sum of four units; four units or objects. 2. A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv. 3. Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; as, a chariot and four. All fours. See All fours, in the Vocabulary.", "fourfold": "Four times; quadruple; as, a fourfold division. He snall restore the lamb fourfold. 2 Sam. xii. 6.\n\nFour times as many or as much.\n\nTo make four times as much or as many, as an assessment,; to quadruple.", - "fourier": null, - "fourneyron": null, "fourposter": null, "fourposters": null, "fours": "One more than three; twice two.\n\n1. The sum of four units; four units or objects. 2. A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv. 3. Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; as, a chariot and four. All fours. See All fours, in the Vocabulary.", @@ -30319,7 +27092,6 @@ "fourths": "1. Next in order after the third; the ordinal of four. 2. Forming one of four equal parts into which anything may be divided.\n\n1. One of four equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by four; one coming next in order after the third. 2. (Mus.) The interval of two tones and a semitone, embracing four diatonic degrees of the scale; the subdominant of any key. The Fourth, specifically, un the United States, the fourth day of July, the anniversary of the declaration of American independence; as, to celebrate the Fourth.", "fowl": "1. Any bird; esp., any large edible bird. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Gen. i. 26. Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not. Matt. vi. 26. Like a flight of fowl Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts. Shak. 2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (Gallus domesticus). Barndoor fowl, or Barnyard fowl, a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.\n\nTo catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc. Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl. Blackstone. Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.", "fowled": null, - "fowler": "A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.", "fowling": null, "fowls": "1. Any bird; esp., any large edible bird. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Gen. i. 26. Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not. Matt. vi. 26. Like a flight of fowl Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts. Shak. 2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (Gallus domesticus). Barndoor fowl, or Barnyard fowl, a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.\n\nTo catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc. Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl. Blackstone. Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.", "fox": "1. (Zoöl.) A carnivorous animal of the genus Vulpes, family Canidæ, of many species. The European fox (V. vulgaris or V. vulpes), the American red fox (V. fulvus), the American gray fox (V. Virginianus), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (V. lagopus) are well-known species. Note: The black or silver-gray fox is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great value; the cross-gray and woods-gray foxes are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry, and various small animals. Subtle as the fox for prey. Shak. 2. (Zoöl.) The European dragonet. 3. (Zoöl.) The fox shark or thrasher shark; -- called also sea fox. See Thrasher shark, under Shark. 4. A sly, cunning fellow. [Colloq.] We call a crafty and cruel man a fox. Beattie. 5. (Naut.) Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; -- used for seizings or mats. 6. A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a fox on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox. [Obs.] Thou diest on point of fox. Shak. 7. pl. (Enthnol.) A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also Outagamies. Fox and geese. (a) A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to another. (b) A game with sixteen checkers, or some substitute for them, one of which is called the fox, and the rest the geese; the fox, whose first position is in the middle of the board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the geese to pen up the fox. -- Fox bat (Zoöl.), a large fruit bat of the genus Pteropus, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, esp. P. medius of India. Some of the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings. See Fruit bat. -- Fox bolt, a bolt having a split end to receive a fox wedge. -- Fox brush (Zoöl.), the tail of a fox. -- Fox evil, a disease in which the hair falls off; alopecy. -- Fox grape (Bot.), the name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape (Vitis Labrusca) is the origin of the varieties called Isabella, Concord, Hartford, etc., and the southern fox grape (Vitis vulpina) has produced the Scuppernong, and probably the Catawba. -- Fox hunter. (a) One who pursues foxes with hounds. (b) A horse ridden in a fox chase. -- Fox shark (Zoöl.), the thrasher shark. See Thrasher shark, under Thrasher. -- Fox sleep, pretended sleep. -- Fox sparrow (Zoöl.), a large American sparrow (Passerella iliaca); -- so called on account of its reddish color. -- Fox squirrel (Zoöl.), a large North American squirrel (Sciurus niger, or S. cinereus). In the Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the fulvous and gray variety, called the cat squirrel, is more common. -- Fox terrier (Zoöl.), one of a peculiar breed of terriers, used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties. -- Fox trot, a pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk. -- Fox wedge (Mach. & Carpentry), a wedge for expanding the split end of a bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it. Fastening by fox wedges is called foxtail wedging. -- Fox wolf (Zoöl.), one of several South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus Canis. They have long, bushy tails like a fox.\n\n1. To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink. I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost foxed. Pepys. 2. To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment. 3. To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.\n\nTo turn sour; -- said of beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.", @@ -30347,7 +27119,6 @@ "foxy": "1. Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks; wily. Modred's narrow, foxy face. Tennyson. 2. Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color; -- applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this color. 3. Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling. 4. Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine, beer, etc., not properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of the fox grape.", "foyer": "1. A lobby in a theater; a greenroom. 2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal. Knight.", "foyers": "1. A lobby in a theater; a greenroom. 2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal. Knight.", - "fpo": null, "fps": null, "fr": null, "fracas": "An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.", @@ -30380,7 +27151,6 @@ "fragmented": "Broken into fragments.", "fragmenting": null, "fragments": "A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part; as, a fragment of an ancient writing. Gather up the fragments that remain. John vi. 12.", - "fragonard": null, "fragrance": "The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet smell; a pleasing odor; perfume. Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance. Milton. The goblet crowned, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around. Pope.", "fragrances": "The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet smell; a pleasing odor; perfume. Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance. Milton. The goblet crowned, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around. Pope.", "fragrant": "[fragrans. -antis, p.pr. of fragrare to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF. fragrant. Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable perfume. Fragrant the fertile earth After soft showers. Milton. Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented; redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic. -- Fra\"grant*ly, adv.", @@ -30401,11 +27171,7 @@ "framework": "1. The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or constructional part of anything; as, the framework of society. A staunch and solid piece of framework. Milton. 2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.", "frameworks": "1. The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or constructional part of anything; as, the framework of society. A staunch and solid piece of framework. Milton. 2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.", "framing": "1. The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames. 2. (Arch. & Engin.) A framework, or a sy Framing chisel (Carp.), a heavy chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.", - "fran": null, "franc": "A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.", - "france": null, - "frances": null, - "francesca": null, "franchise": "1. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. (LAw) A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege, esp. the right to vote. Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the American people. W. H. Seward. 3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary. Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals. London Encyc. 4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility. \"Franchise in woman.\" [Obs.] Chaucer. Elective franchise, the privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.\n\nTo make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to. Shak.", "franchised": null, "franchisee": null, @@ -30414,48 +27180,26 @@ "franchisers": null, "franchises": "1. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. (LAw) A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege, esp. the right to vote. Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the American people. W. H. Seward. 3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary. Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals. London Encyc. 4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility. \"Franchise in woman.\" [Obs.] Chaucer. Elective franchise, the privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.\n\nTo make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to. Shak.", "franchising": null, - "francine": null, - "francis": null, - "francisca": null, - "franciscan": "Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans. Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational institutions; -- called also Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis. -- Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of t. Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also Poor Clares or Minoresses. -- Franciscan Tertiaries, the Third Order of St. Francis.\n\nA monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and in England, Gray Friars, because they wear a gray habit.", - "franciscans": "Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans. Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational institutions; -- called also Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis. -- Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of t. Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also Poor Clares or Minoresses. -- Franciscan Tertiaries, the Third Order of St. Francis.\n\nA monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and in England, Gray Friars, because they wear a gray habit.", - "francisco": null, "francium": null, - "franck": null, - "franco": null, - "francois": null, - "francoise": null, - "francophile": null, "francophone": null, "francs": "A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.", "frangibility": "The state or quality of being frangible. Fox.", "frangible": "Capable of being broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.", - "franglais": null, "frank": "A pigsty. [Obs.]\n\nTo shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nThe common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free. [R.] \"It is of frank gift.\" Spenser. 2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a frank nature, conversation, manner, etc. 3. Liberal; generous; profuse. [Obs.] Frank of civilities that cost them nothing. L'Estrange. 4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. Spenser. Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. See Candid, Ingenuous.\n\n1. To send by public conveyance free of expense. Dickens. 2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet, etc.\n\nThe privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage. I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my letter and begin again. Cowper.\n\n1. (Ethnol.) A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France. 2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used in the Levant. 3. A French coin. See Franc.", "franked": null, - "frankel": null, - "frankenstein": null, "franker": null, "frankest": null, - "frankfort": null, - "frankfurt": null, "frankfurter": null, "frankfurters": null, - "frankie": null, "frankincense": "A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus Boswellia; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) and other coniferous trees. The frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.", "franking": "A method of forming a joint at the intersection of window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a miter.", - "frankish": "Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.", - "franklin": "An English freeholder, or substantial householder. [Obs.] Chaucer. The franklin, a small landholder of those days. Sir J. Stephen.", "frankly": "In a frank manner; freely. Very frankly he confessed his treasons. Shak. Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.", "frankness": "The quality of being frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness; liberality.", "franks": "A pigsty. [Obs.]\n\nTo shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nThe common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free. [R.] \"It is of frank gift.\" Spenser. 2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a frank nature, conversation, manner, etc. 3. Liberal; generous; profuse. [Obs.] Frank of civilities that cost them nothing. L'Estrange. 4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. Spenser. Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. See Candid, Ingenuous.\n\n1. To send by public conveyance free of expense. Dickens. 2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet, etc.\n\nThe privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage. I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my letter and begin again. Cowper.\n\n1. (Ethnol.) A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France. 2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used in the Levant. 3. A French coin. See Franc.", - "franny": null, "frantic": "Mad; raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted. Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed! Shak. Torrents of frantic abuse. Macaulay. -- Fran\"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Fran\"tic*ly, adv. Shak. -- Fran\"tic*ness, n. Johnson.", "frantically": null, - "franz": null, "frappe": "Iced; frozen; artificially cooled; as, wine frappé. -- n. A frappé mixture or beverage, as a water ice, variously flavored, frozen soft, and served in glasses.", "frappes": "Iced; frozen; artificially cooled; as, wine frappé. -- n. A frappé mixture or beverage, as a water ice, variously flavored, frozen soft, and served in glasses.", - "fraser": null, "frat": null, "fraternal": "Pf, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as, fraternal affection; a fraternal embrace. -- Fra*ter\"nal*ly, adv. An abhorred, a cursed, a fraternal war. Milton. Fraternal love and friendship. Addison.", "fraternally": null, @@ -30472,7 +27216,6 @@ "fratricide": "1. The act of one who murders or kills his own brother. 2. Etym: [L. fratricida: cf. F. fratricide.] One who murders or kills his own brother.", "fratricides": "1. The act of one who murders or kills his own brother. 2. Etym: [L. fratricida: cf. F. fratricide.] One who murders or kills his own brother.", "frats": null, - "frau": "In Germany, a woman; a married woman; a wife; -- as a title, equivalent to Mrs., Madam.", "fraud": "1. Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick. If success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends. Pope. 2. (Law) An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another. 3. A trap or snare. [Obs.] To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud. Milton. Constructive fraud (Law), an act, statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley & W. -- Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means. -- Statute of frauds (Law), an English statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of property. Wharton. Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife; circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See Deception.", "frauds": "1. Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick. If success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends. Pope. 2. (Law) An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another. 3. A trap or snare. [Obs.] To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud. Milton. Constructive fraud (Law), an act, statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley & W. -- Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means. -- Statute of frauds (Law), an English statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of property. Wharton. Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife; circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See Deception.", "fraudster": null, @@ -30480,14 +27223,11 @@ "fraudulence": "The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness. Hooker.", "fraudulent": "1. Using fraud; trickly; deceitful; dishonest. 2. Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding from, fraund; as, a fraudulent bargain. He, with serpent tongue, . . . His fraudulent temptation thus began. Milton. 3. Obtained or performed by artifice; as, fraudulent conquest. Milton. Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.", "fraudulently": "In a fraudulent manner.", - "frauen": null, "fraught": "A freight; a cargo. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nFreighted; laden; filled; stored; charged. A vessel of our country richly fraught. Shak. A discourse fraught with all the commending excellences oSouth. Enterprises fraught with world-wide benefits. I. Taylor.\n\nTo freight; to load; to burden; to fill; to crowd. [Obs.] Upon the tumbling billows fraughted ride The armed ships. Fairfax.", - "fraulein": "In Germany, a young lady; an unmarried woman; -- as a title, equivalent to Miss.", "fray": "Affray; broil; contest; combat. Who began this bloody fray Shak.\n\nTo frighten; to terrify; to alarm. I. Taylor. What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed Spenser.\n\nTo bear the expense of; to defray. [Obs.] The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed, I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied. Massinger.\n\nTo rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is said to fray her head.\n\n1. To rub. We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed. Sir W. Scott. 2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth frays badly. A suit of frayed magnificience. tennyson.\n\nA fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.", "frayed": null, "fraying": "The skin which a deer frays from his horns. B. Jonson.", "frays": "Affray; broil; contest; combat. Who began this bloody fray Shak.\n\nTo frighten; to terrify; to alarm. I. Taylor. What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed Spenser.\n\nTo bear the expense of; to defray. [Obs.] The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed, I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied. Massinger.\n\nTo rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is said to fray her head.\n\n1. To rub. We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed. Sir W. Scott. 2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth frays badly. A suit of frayed magnificience. tennyson.\n\nA fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.", - "frazier": null, "frazzle": "To fray; to wear or pull into tatters or tag ends; to tatter; - -used literally and figuratively. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Her hair was of a reddish gray color, and its frazzled and tangled condition suggested that the woman had recently passed through a period of extreme excitement. J. C. Harris.\n\nThe act or result of frazzling; the condition or quality of being frazzled; the tag end; a frayed-out end. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] My fingers are all scratched to frazzles. Kipling. Gordon had sent word to Lee that he \"had fought his corps to a frazzle.\" Nicolay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).", "frazzled": null, "frazzles": "To fray; to wear or pull into tatters or tag ends; to tatter; - -used literally and figuratively. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Her hair was of a reddish gray color, and its frazzled and tangled condition suggested that the woman had recently passed through a period of extreme excitement. J. C. Harris.\n\nThe act or result of frazzling; the condition or quality of being frazzled; the tag end; a frayed-out end. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] My fingers are all scratched to frazzles. Kipling. Gordon had sent word to Lee that he \"had fought his corps to a frazzle.\" Nicolay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).", @@ -30507,16 +27247,6 @@ "freckles": "1. A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on the face, neck, or hands. 2. Any small spot or discoloration.\n\nTo spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to spot.\n\nTo become covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.", "freckling": null, "freckly": "Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.", - "fred": "Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper names; as, Alfred; Frederic.", - "freda": null, - "freddie": null, - "freddy": null, - "frederic": null, - "frederick": null, - "fredericksburg": null, - "fredericton": null, - "fredric": null, - "fredrick": null, "free": "1. Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at liberty. That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone which is or is not free. Locke. 2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political liberty. 3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents, guardian, or master. 4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at liberty to go. Set an unhappy prisoner free. Prior. 5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will. Not free, what proof could they have given sincere Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love. Milton. 6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent. My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. Dryden. 7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative. He was free only with a few. Milward. 8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. The critics have been very free in their censures. Felton. A man may live a free life as to wine or women. Shelley. 9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed; lavish; as, free with his money. 10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled with; as, free from pain; free from a burden; -- followed by from, or, rarely, by of. Princes declaring themselves free from the obligations of their treaties. Bp. Burnet. 11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy. 12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as, a free horse. 13. Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by of. He therefore makes all birds, of every sect, Free of his farm. Dryden. 14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; as, a free school. Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free For me as for you Shak. 15. Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; as, free admission; a free gift. 16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc. 17. (O. Eng. Law) Certain or honorable; the opposite of base; as, free service; free socage. Burrill. 18. (Law) Privileged or individual; the opposite of common; as, a free fishery; a free warren. Burrill. 19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free cells. Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will. -- Free bench (Eng. Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to dower in freeholds. -- Free board (Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and gunwale. -- Free bond (Chem.), an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical. -- Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. -- Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized. [Eng.] Bouvier. -- Free charge (Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity. -- Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters. -- Free city, or Free town, a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league. -- Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. South. -- Free and easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities. [Colloq.] \"Sal and her free and easy ways.\" W. Black. -- Free goods, goods admitted into a country free of duty. -- Free labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves. -- Free port. (Com.) (a) A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty. -- Free public house, in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses. Simmonds. -- Free school. (a) A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing. (b) A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school. -- Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. Burrill. -- Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods. -- Free socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military. Abbott. -- Free States, those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed. -- Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff. -- Free thought, that which is thought independently of the authority of others. -- Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations. -- Free trader, one who believes in free trade. -- To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to. [Colloq.] -- To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.\n\n1. Freely; willingly. [Obs.] I as free forgive you As I would be forgiven. Shak. 2. Without charge; as, children admitted free.\n\n1. To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed by from, and sometimes by off; as, to free a captive or a slave; to be freed of these inconveniences. Clarendon. Our land is from the rage of tigers freed. Dryden. Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke. Milton. 2. To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the constraint of. This master key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person. Dryden. 3. To frank. [Obs.] Johnson.", "freebase": null, "freebased": null, @@ -30552,10 +27282,7 @@ "freeloads": null, "freely": "In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously. Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat. Gen. ii. 16. Freely ye have received, freely give. Matt. x. 8. Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell. Milton. Freely we serve Because we freely love. Milton. Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.", "freeman": "1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal. 2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See Liveryman. Burrill. Both having been made freemen on the same day. Addison.", - "freemason": "One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.", - "freemasonries": null, "freemasonry": "The institutions or the practices of freemasons.", - "freemasons": "One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.", "freemen": null, "freephone": null, "freer": "One who frees, or sets free.", @@ -30571,7 +27298,6 @@ "freethinker": "One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century. Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child. Addison. Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.", "freethinkers": "One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century. Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child. Addison. Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.", "freethinking": "Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief. Berkeley. -- a. Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.", - "freetown": null, "freeware": null, "freeway": null, "freeways": null, @@ -30586,20 +27312,13 @@ "freezers": "One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.", "freezes": "A frieze. [Obs.]\n\n1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. Note: Water freezes at 32º above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury freezes at 40º below zero. 2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the veins. To freeze up (Fig.), to become formal and cold in demeanor. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat. 2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill. A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, That almost freezes up the heat of life. Shak.\n\nThe act of congealing, or the state of being congealed. [Colloq.]", "freezing": "Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner. -- Frrez\"ing*ly, adv. Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice. -- Freezing mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold. -- Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose freezing point is at 32º Fahr., and at 0º Centigrade.", - "freida": null, "freight": "1. That with which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as, a freight of cotton; a full freight. 2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods. Wharton. 3. Freight transportation, or freight line.\n\nEmployed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a freight car. Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods. -- Freight car. See under Car. -- Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in England goods train.\n\nTo load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.", "freighted": null, "freighter": "1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship. 2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight. 3. One for whom freight is transported. 4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.", "freighters": "1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship. 2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight. 3. One for whom freight is transported. 4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.", "freighting": null, "freights": "1. That with which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as, a freight of cotton; a full freight. 2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods. Wharton. 3. Freight transportation, or freight line.\n\nEmployed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a freight car. Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods. -- Freight car. See under Car. -- Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in England goods train.\n\nTo load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.", - "fremont": null, "french": "Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). -- French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. -- French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. -- French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk. -- French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's-ear. -- French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely. -- French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. -- French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de chasse. -- French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts. -- French pie Etym: [French (here used in sense of \"foreign\") + pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] (Zoöl.), the European great spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. -- French polish. (a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy surface produced by the application of the above. -- French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure. -- French red rouge. -- French rice, amelcorn. -- French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope. -- French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also plum tub. Ure. -- French window. See under Window.\n\n1. The language spoken in France. 2. Collectively, the people of France.", - "frenches": null, - "frenchman": "A native or one of the people of France.", - "frenchmen": null, - "frenchwoman": null, - "frenchwomen": null, "frenemies": null, "frenemy": null, "frenetic": "Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic. Milton.", @@ -30608,7 +27327,6 @@ "frenziedly": null, "frenzies": null, "frenzy": "Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage. All else is towering frenzy and distraction. Addison. The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling. Shak. Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation; aberration; delirium. See Insanity.\n\nMad; frantic. [R.] They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head. Bunyan.\n\nTo affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.] \"Frenzying anguish.\" Southey.", - "freon": null, "freq": null, "frequencies": null, "frequency": "1. The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles. The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the frequencies of ladies' visits. Fuller. 2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", @@ -30639,8 +27357,6 @@ "freshmen": null, "freshness": "The state of being fresh. The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men. Hayward. And breathe the freshness of the open air. Dryden. Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace. Granville.", "freshwater": null, - "fresnel": null, - "fresno": null, "fret": "See 1st Frith.\n\n1. To devour. [Obs.] The sow frete the child right in the cradle. Chaucer. 2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship. With many a curve my banks I fret. Tennyson. 3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish. By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear. Shak. 4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water. 5. To tease; to irritate; to vex. Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Ps. xxxvii. 1.\n\n1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the edges. 2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion. Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation. Wiseman. 3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant breast. 4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.\n\n1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison. 2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret. Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret. Pope. 3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison. 4. pl. (Mining) The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.\n\nTo ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify. Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about. Spenser. Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day. Shak.\n\n1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork. 2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often in Oriental art. His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney- piece with . . . carving. Evelyn. 3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair. A fret of gold she had next her hair. Chaucer. Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.\n\n1. (Her.) A saltire interlaced with a mascle. 2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.\n\nTo furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.", "fretful": "Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper. -- Fret\"ful-ly, adv. -- Fret\"ful-ness, n. Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. -- Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.", "fretfully": null, @@ -30651,11 +27367,6 @@ "fretted": "1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed. 2. Agitated; vexed; worried.\n\n1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface. 2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.", "fretting": null, "fretwork": "Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like. Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine. Macaulay.", - "freud": null, - "freudian": null, - "frey": null, - "freya": "The daughter of Njörd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Fraying, and Ereyja.]", - "fri": null, "friable": "[friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray. cf. F. friable.) Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. \"Friable ground.\" Evelyn. \"Soft and friable texture.\" Paley. -- Fri'a-ble-ness, n.", "friar": "1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary. 2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page. 3. (Zoöl.) An American fish; the silversides. Friar bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four-o'clock. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood. -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zoöl.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.", "friaries": null, @@ -30670,17 +27381,11 @@ "friction": "1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action. 2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion. 3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress. Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. Note: This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.", "frictional": "Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity. Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.", "frictions": "1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action. 2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion. 3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress. Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. Note: This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.", - "friday": "The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.", - "fridays": "The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.", "fridge": "To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.", "fridges": "To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.", "fried": "imp. & p. p. of Fry.", - "frieda": null, - "friedan": null, "friedcake": null, "friedcakes": null, - "friedman": null, - "friedmann": null, "friend": "1. One who entertains for another suo Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend. Dryden. A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24. 2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address. Friend, how camest thou in hither Matt. xxii. 12. 3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution. 4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers. America was first visited by Friends in 1656. T. Chase. 5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak. A friend at court or in court, one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with, to have friendly relations with. \"He's . . . friends with Cæsar.\" Shak. -- To make friends with, to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with. \"Having now made friends with the Athenians.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ).\n\nTo act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.] Fortune friends the bold. Spenser.", "friended": "1. Having friends; [Obs.] 2. Iuclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.] Shak.", "friending": "Friendliness. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -30699,7 +27404,6 @@ "frig": null, "frigate": "1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot.] 2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser. Frigate bird (Zoöl.), a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; -- called also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zoöl.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate pelican. (Zoöl.) Same as Frigate bird.", "frigates": "1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot.] 2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser. Frigate bird (Zoöl.), a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; -- called also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zoöl.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate pelican. (Zoöl.) Same as Frigate bird.", - "frigga": "The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.", "frigged": null, "frigging": null, "fright": "1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm. 2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.\n\nTo alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare. Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit. Dryden. Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.", @@ -30715,7 +27419,6 @@ "frighting": null, "frights": "1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm. 2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.\n\nTo alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare. Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit. Dryden. Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.", "frigid": "1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate. 2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid obedience or service. 3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent. Johnson. Frigid zone, that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23Arctic.", - "frigidaire": null, "frigidity": "1. The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth. Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air. Sir T. Browne. 2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow, etc. 3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.", "frigidly": "In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.", "frigidness": "The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.", @@ -30732,10 +27435,6 @@ "fringing": null, "fripperies": null, "frippery": "1. Coast-off clothes. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance. Fond of gauze and French frippery. Goldsmith. The gauzy frippery of a French translation. Sir W. Scott. 3. A place where old clothes are sold. Shak. 4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.\n\nTrifling; contemptible.", - "frisbee": null, - "frisco": null, - "frisian": "Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See Friesic, n.", - "frisians": "Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See Friesic, n.", "frisk": "Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.\n\nA frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap. Johnson.\n\nTo leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety. The frisking satyrs on the summits danced. Addison.", "frisked": null, "friskier": null, @@ -30747,7 +27446,6 @@ "frisky": "Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay. He is too frisky for an old man. Jeffrey.", "frisson": null, "frissons": null, - "frito": null, "fritter": "1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters. 2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece. And cut whole giants into fritters. Hudibras. Corn fritter. See under Corn.\n\n1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying. 2. To break into small pieces or fragments. Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense. Pope. To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.", "frittered": null, "frittering": null, @@ -30771,10 +27469,8 @@ "frizzly": "Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.", "frizzy": "Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.", "fro": "From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To and fro under To. Millon.\n\nFrom. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "frobisher": null, "frock": "1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's frock. 2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord. Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.\n\n1. To clothe in a frock. 2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.", "frocks": "1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's frock. 2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord. Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.\n\n1. To clothe in a frock. 2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.", - "frodo": null, "frog": "1. (Zoöl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime. Note: The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice. 2. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.) The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette. 3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it. 4. Etym: [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.] An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole. 5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly. (Zoöl.) See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper (Zoöl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larvæ are inclosed are frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit. -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). -- Frog spit (Zoöl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.\n\nTo ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n., 4.", "frogging": null, "froggings": null, @@ -30786,7 +27482,6 @@ "frogmen": null, "frogs": "1. (Zoöl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime. Note: The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice. 2. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.) The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette. 3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it. 4. Etym: [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.] An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole. 5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly. (Zoöl.) See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper (Zoöl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larvæ are inclosed are frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit. -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). -- Frog spit (Zoöl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.\n\nTo ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n., 4.", "frogspawn": null, - "froissart": null, "frolic": "Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry. The frolic wind that breathes the spring. Milton. The gay, the frolic, and the loud. Waller.\n\n1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth. He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon. 2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.\n\nTo play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport. Hither, come hither, and frolic and play. Tennyson.", "frolicked": null, "frolicker": null, @@ -30795,9 +27490,7 @@ "frolics": "Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry. The frolic wind that breathes the spring. Milton. The gay, the frolic, and the loud. Waller.\n\n1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth. He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon. 2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.\n\nTo play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport. Hither, come hither, and frolic and play. Tennyson.", "frolicsome": "Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive. Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors. Sir W. Scott. -- Frol\"ic*some*ly, adv. -- Frol\"ic*some*ness, n.", "from": "Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony. Experience from the time past to the time present. Bacon. The song began from Jove. Drpden. From high Mæonia's rocky shores I came. Addison. If the wind blow any way from shore. Shak. Note: From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with. \"Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing.\" Shak. From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. \"There followed him great multitudes of people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan.\" Math. iv. 25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth from, out from -- from being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off, under Off, adv., and From afar, under Afar, adv. Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.", - "fromm": null, "frond": "The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.", - "fronde": "A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.", "fronds": "The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.", "front": "1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face. Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue. Pope. Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front. Shak. His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior. 2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front. With smiling fronts encountering. Shak. The inhabitants showed a bold front. Macaulay. 3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the front of an army. Had he his hurts before Ay, on the front. Shak. 4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops, or of a house. 5. The most conspicuous part. The very head and front of my offending. Shak. 6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women. Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front. Mrs. Browning. 7. The beginning. \"Summer's front.\" Shak. Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain connerting two half bastions. -- Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance. -- Front of fortification, the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon. Farrow. -- Front of operations, all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward. Farrow. -- To come to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.\n\nOf or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a front view.\n\n1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner. You four shall front them in the narrow lane. Shak. 2. To appear before; to meet. [Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor. Tennyson. 3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house fronts the street. And then suddenly front the changed reality. J. Morley. 4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church. 5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with marble; to front a head with laurel. Yonder walls, that pertly front your town. Shak.\n\nTo have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the house fronts toward the east.", "frontage": "The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.", @@ -30809,7 +27502,6 @@ "frontbenchers": null, "frontbenches": null, "fronted": "Formed with a front; drawn up in line. \"Fronted brigades.\" Milton.", - "frontenac": null, "frontier": "1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization. 2. (Fort.) An outwork. [Obs.] Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets. Shak.\n\n1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town. 2. Of or relating to a frontier. \"Frontier experience.\" W. Irving.\n\nTo constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.", "frontiers": "1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization. 2. (Fort.) An outwork. [Obs.] Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets. Shak.\n\n1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town. 2. Of or relating to a frontier. \"Frontier experience.\" W. Irving.\n\nTo constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.", "frontiersman": "A man living on the frontier.", @@ -30824,7 +27516,6 @@ "frontwards": null, "frosh": null, "frost": "1. The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids. 2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather. The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost. Shak. 3. Frozen dew; -- called also hoarfrost or white frost. He scattereth the frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16. 4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.] It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath. Sir W. Scott. Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost. -- Frost bearer (Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophous. -- Frost grape (Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid berries. -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; -- used especially in lighthouses. Knight. -- Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping. -- Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold. The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters. Kane. -- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze. -- Jack Frost, a popular personification of frost.\n\n1. To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants. 2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass. While with a hoary light she frosts the ground. Wordsworth. 3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.", - "frostbelt": null, "frostbit": null, "frostbite": "The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane.\n\nTo expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost. My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite themselves. Pepys.", "frostbites": "The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane.\n\nTo expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost. My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite themselves. Pepys.", @@ -30892,7 +27583,6 @@ "frumpish": "1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.] 2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress. Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish. Foote.", "frumps": "To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip. [Colloq.] Halliwell.", "frumpy": null, - "frunze": null, "frustrate": "Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. \"Our frustrate search.\" Shak.\n\n1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose. Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine Milton. 2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed. Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.", "frustrated": null, "frustrates": "Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. \"Our frustrate search.\" Shak.\n\n1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose. Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine Milton. 2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed. Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.", @@ -30903,19 +27593,14 @@ "frustum": "1. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other. 2. (Arch.) One of the drums of the shaft of a column.", "frustums": "1. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other. 2. (Arch.) One of the drums of the shaft of a column.", "fry": "To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.\n\n1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat. 2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.] With crackling flames a caldron fries. Dryden The frothy billows fry. Spenser. 3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat. To keep the oil from frying in the stomach. Bacon. 4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.] What kindling motions in their breasts do fry. Fairfax.\n\n1. A dish of anything fried. 2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The young of any fish. 2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general. The fry of children young. Spenser. To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry. Milton. We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry. Walpole.", - "frye": null, "fryer": null, "fryers": null, "frying": "The process denoted by the verb fry. Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.", - "fsf": null, - "fslic": null, "ft": null, - "ftc": null, "ftp": null, "ftpers": null, "ftping": null, "ftps": null, - "fuchs": "A student of the first year.", "fuchsia": "A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.", "fuchsias": "A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.", "fuck": null, @@ -30926,7 +27611,6 @@ "fuckheads": null, "fucking": null, "fucks": null, - "fud": "1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns. 2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.", "fuddle": "To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.] I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders. Steele.\n\nTo drink to excess. [Colloq.]", "fuddled": null, "fuddles": "To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.] I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders. Steele.\n\nTo drink to excess. [Colloq.]", @@ -30935,17 +27619,14 @@ "fudged": null, "fudges": "A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an exclamation of contempt.\n\n1. To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate. Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness. N. Fairfax. 2. To foist; to interpolate. That last \"suppose\" is fudged in. Foote .", "fudging": null, - "fuds": "1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns. 2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.", "fuehrer": null, "fuehrers": null, "fuel": "1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc. 2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement. Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.\n\n1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.] Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame. Cowley. 2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.] Well watered and well fueled. Sir H. Wotton.", "fueled": null, "fueling": null, "fuels": "1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc. 2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement. Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.\n\n1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.] Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame. Cowley. 2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.] Well watered and well fueled. Sir H. Wotton.", - "fuentes": null, "fug": null, "fugal": null, - "fugger": null, "fuggy": null, "fugitive": "1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor. The fugitive Parthians follow. Shak. Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear Richardson A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea. The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables. Woodward. Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice. Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.\n\n1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice. 2. Something hard to be caught or detained. Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit. Harte. Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.", "fugitives": "1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor. The fugitive Parthians follow. Shak. Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear Richardson A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea. The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables. Woodward. Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice. Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.\n\n1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice. 2. Something hard to be caught or detained. Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit. Harte. Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.", @@ -30953,15 +27634,6 @@ "fugues": "A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears. All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a fugue. Jer. Taylor.", "fuhrer": null, "fuhrers": null, - "fuji": null, - "fujian": null, - "fujitsu": null, - "fujiwara": null, - "fujiyama": null, - "fukuoka": null, - "fukuyama": null, - "fulani": null, - "fulbright": null, "fulcrum": "1. A prop or support. 2. (Mech.) That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body. 3. (Bot.) An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.] Gray. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes. 5. (Anat.) The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.", "fulcrums": "1. A prop or support. 2. (Mech.) That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body. 3. (Bot.) An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.] Gray. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes. 5. (Anat.) The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.", "fulfill": "1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [Obs.] \"Fulfill her week\" Gen. xxix. 27. Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds. Wyclif (Mark vii. 27). 2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate. He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him. Ps. cxlv. 199. Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends. Milton. Servants must their masters' minds fulfill. Shak.", @@ -30975,7 +27647,6 @@ "fulled": null, "fuller": "One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.\n\nA die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.\n\nTo form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.", "fullers": "One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.\n\nA die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.\n\nTo form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.", - "fullerton": null, "fullest": null, "fulling": "The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure. Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.", "fullness": "The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.] \"In thy presence is fullness of joy.\" Ps. xvi. 11.", @@ -30990,7 +27661,6 @@ "fulsome": "1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.] His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and fresh. Golding. 2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery. And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. Cowper. 3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] \"Fulsome ewes.\" Shak. -- Ful\"some*ly, adv. -- Ful\"some*ness, n. Dryden.", "fulsomely": null, "fulsomeness": null, - "fulton": null, "fum": "To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.] Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.", "fumble": "1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something. Adams now began to fumble in his pockets. Fielding. 2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden. My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield. Alas! how he fumbles about the domains. Wordsworth. 3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over. I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers. Shak.\n\nTo handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.", "fumbled": null, @@ -31017,7 +27687,6 @@ "fums": "To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.] Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.", "fumy": "Producing fumes; fumous. \"Drowned in fumy wine.\" H. Brooke.", "fun": "Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. \"Oddity, frolic, and fun.\" Goldsmith. To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.", - "funafuti": null, "function": "1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; per formance. \"In the function of his public calling.\" Swift. 2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body. 3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind. As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope. 4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession. Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak. The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal functions. Macaulay. 5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x. Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin - 1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- One-valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.\n\nTo execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.", "functional": "1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official. 2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.", "functionalism": null, @@ -31045,7 +27714,6 @@ "fundraisers": null, "fundraising": null, "funds": "1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence. 2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc. 3. pl. The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds. 4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object. 5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense. An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay. Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.\n\n1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes. 2. To place in a fund, as money. 3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.", - "fundy": null, "funeral": "1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural. King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster. Euller. 2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. \"The long funerals.\" Pope. 3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.] Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.\n\nPer. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak. Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre. -- Fu\"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.", "funerals": "1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural. King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster. Euller. 2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. \"The long funerals.\" Pope. 3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.] Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.\n\nPer. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak. Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre. -- Fu\"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.", "funerary": null, @@ -31106,7 +27774,6 @@ "furloughing": null, "furloughs": "Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.\n\nTo furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an offcer or soldier.", "furls": "To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.", - "furman": null, "furn": null, "furnace": "1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc. Note: Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon. 2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.\n\n1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.] He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.", "furnaces": "1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc. Note: Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon. 2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.\n\n1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.] He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.", @@ -31142,7 +27809,6 @@ "furtive": "Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior. A hasty and furtive ceremony. Hallam.", "furtively": "Stealthily by theft. Lover.", "furtiveness": null, - "furtwangler": null, "fury": "A thief. [Obs.] Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies. J. Fleteher.\n\n1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm. Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired. Sir P. Sidney. 2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. \"Fury of the wind.\" Shak. I do oppose my patience to his fury. Shak. 3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megæra; the Erinyes or Eumenides. The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish him. Emerson. 4. One of the Parcæ, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.] Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the thin- spun life. Milton. 5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant. Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.", "furze": "A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex Europæus), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.", "fuse": "1. To liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt. 2. To unite or blend, as if melted together. Whose fancy fuses old and new. Tennyson.\n\n1. To be reduced from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to melt. 2. To be blended, as if melted together. Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.\n\nA tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See Fuze. Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse. Farrow.", @@ -31152,7 +27818,6 @@ "fuselage": "An elongated body or frame of an aëroplane or flying machine; sometimes, erroneously, any kind of frame or body. Many aëroplanes have no fuselage, properly so called.", "fuselages": "An elongated body or frame of an aëroplane or flying machine; sometimes, erroneously, any kind of frame or body. Many aëroplanes have no fuselage, properly so called.", "fuses": "1. To liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt. 2. To unite or blend, as if melted together. Whose fancy fuses old and new. Tennyson.\n\n1. To be reduced from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to melt. 2. To be blended, as if melted together. Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.\n\nA tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See Fuze. Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse. Farrow.", - "fushun": null, "fusibility": "The quality of being fusible.", "fusible": "CapabIe of being melted or liquefied. Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water. Ure. -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.", "fusilier": "(a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural: (b) A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, \"The Royal Fusiliers,\" etc.", @@ -31201,11 +27866,9 @@ "futzed": null, "futzes": null, "futzing": null, - "fuzhou": null, "fuzz": "To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.\n\nFine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter. Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.\n\nTo fly off in minute particles.", "fuzzball": null, "fuzzballs": null, - "fuzzbuster": null, "fuzzed": null, "fuzzes": null, "fuzzier": null, @@ -31215,12 +27878,8 @@ "fuzzing": null, "fuzzy": "1. Not firmly woven; that ravels. [Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.] 2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of a peach.", "fwd": null, - "fwiw": null, "fwy": null, - "fy": "A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.", - "fyi": null, "g": "1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246. Note: The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C. 2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.", - "ga": null, "gab": "The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.\n\nThe mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.", "gabardine": "A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.", "gabardines": "A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.", @@ -31241,14 +27900,7 @@ "gable": "A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.\n\n(a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.", "gabled": null, "gables": "A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.\n\n(a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.", - "gabon": null, - "gabonese": null, - "gaborone": null, - "gabriel": null, - "gabriela": null, - "gabrielle": null, "gabs": "The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.\n\nThe mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.", - "gacrux": null, "gad": "1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead. 2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak. 3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad. 4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt. 5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.] Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon. 6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] \"All this done upon the gad!\" Shak.\n\nTo walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. \"The gadding vine.\" Milton. Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way Jer. ii. 36.", "gadabout": "A gadder [Colloq.]", "gadabouts": "A gadder [Colloq.]", @@ -31263,11 +27915,6 @@ "gadgets": null, "gadolinium": "A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.", "gads": "1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead. 2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak. 3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad. 4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt. 5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.] Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon. 6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] \"All this done upon the gad!\" Shak.\n\nTo walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. \"The gadding vine.\" Milton. Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way Jer. ii. 36.", - "gadsden": null, - "gaea": null, - "gael": "A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.", - "gaelic": "Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.\n\nThe language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.", - "gaels": "A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.", "gaff": "1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish. 2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended. 3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.\n\nTo strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.", "gaffe": null, "gaffed": null, @@ -31278,24 +27925,17 @@ "gaffs": "1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish. 2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended. 3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.\n\nTo strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.", "gag": "1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell. The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay. 2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag. Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ). 3. To cause to heave with nausea.\n\n1. To heave with nausea; to retch. 2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.\n\n1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking. 2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb. 3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.", "gaga": null, - "gagarin": null, - "gage": "1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security. Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys. 2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. \"There I throw my gage.\" Shak.\n\nA variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.\n\n1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.] A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak. 2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage. Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged. Shak.\n\nA measure or standart. See Gauge, n.\n\nTo measure. See Gauge, v. t. You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak.", "gagged": null, "gagging": null, "gaggle": "To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.\n\nA flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "gaggles": "To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.\n\nA flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "gags": "1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell. The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay. 2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag. Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ). 3. To cause to heave with nausea.\n\n1. To heave with nausea; to retch. 2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.\n\n1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking. 2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb. 3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.", - "gaia": null, "gaiety": "Same as Gayety.", - "gail": null, "gaily": "Merrily; showily. See gaily.", - "gaiman": null, "gain": "A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.\n\nConvenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. Shak. 2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. \"The lust of gain.\" Tennyson.\n\n1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope. 2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize. 3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15. To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden. 4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson. 5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21. Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.\n\nTo have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12. Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.", "gained": null, "gainer": "One who gains. Shak.", "gainers": "One who gains. Shak.", - "gaines": null, - "gainesville": null, "gainful": "Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. \"A gainful speculation.\" Macaulay. -- Gain\"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain\"ful*ness, n.", "gainfully": null, "gaining": null, @@ -31306,7 +27946,6 @@ "gainsayers": "One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. \"To convince the gainsayers.\" Tit. i. 9.", "gainsaying": null, "gainsays": "To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid. I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15. The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.", - "gainsborough": null, "gait": "1. A going; a walk; a march; a way. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak. 2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving. 'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak.", "gaiter": "1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe. 2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.\n\nTo dress with gaiters.", "gaiters": "1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe. 2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.\n\nTo dress with gaiters.", @@ -31314,27 +27953,13 @@ "gal": null, "gala": "Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.", "galactic": "1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid. 2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.", - "galahad": null, - "galahads": null, - "galapagos": null, "galas": "Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.", - "galatea": "A kind of striped cotton fabric, usually of superior quality and striped with blue or red on white.", - "galatia": null, - "galatians": "Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.", "galaxies": null, "galaxy": "1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol. 2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.", - "galbraith": null, "gale": "1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests. Note: Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen (\"moderate\") to about eighty (\"very heavy\") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris. 2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton. 3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity. The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford). Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.\n\nTo sale, or sail fast.\n\nA song or story. [Obs.] Toone.\n\nTo sing. [Obs.] \"Can he cry and gale.\" Court of Love.\n\nA plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.\n\nThe payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.", - "galen": null, "galena": "1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr. 2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende.", "gales": "1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests. Note: Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen (\"moderate\") to about eighty (\"very heavy\") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris. 2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton. 3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity. The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford). Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.\n\nTo sale, or sail fast.\n\nA song or story. [Obs.] Toone.\n\nTo sing. [Obs.] \"Can he cry and gale.\" Court of Love.\n\nA plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.\n\nThe payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.", - "galibi": null, - "galilean": "Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.\n\nOf or relating to Galilee.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans. 2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite. 3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.", - "galileans": "Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.\n\nOf or relating to Galilee.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans. 2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite. 3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.", - "galilee": "A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.", - "galileo": null, "gall": "1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder. 2. The gall bladder. 3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5. Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden. 4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.\n\nAn excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut. Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zoöl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.\n\nTo impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.\n\n1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak. 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak. 3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.\n\nTo scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.\n\nA wound in the skin made by rubbing.", - "gallagher": null, "gallant": "1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed. The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn. Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak. 2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer. That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak. The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller. Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.\n\nPolite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.\n\n1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood. Shak. 2. One fond of paying attention to ladies. 3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison. Note: In the first sense it is by some orthoëpists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.\n\n1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play. 2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison.", "gallantly": "In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.\n\nIn a gallant manner.", "gallantry": "1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic] Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller. 2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry. 3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue. 4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.] Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak. Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.", @@ -31342,7 +27967,6 @@ "gallbladder": null, "gallbladders": null, "galled": null, - "gallegos": "A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.", "galleon": "A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel. The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley.", "galleons": "A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel. The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley.", "galleria": null, @@ -31351,9 +27975,6 @@ "gallery": "1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal. 2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc. 3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall. 4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850. 5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery. 6. (Mining) A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.", "galley": "1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war. Note: The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type. 2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose. 3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace. 4. Etym: [F. galée; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. \"To toil like a galley slave.\" Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.", "galleys": "1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war. Note: The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type. 2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose. 3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace. 4. Etym: [F. galée; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. \"To toil like a galley slave.\" Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.", - "gallic": "Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.\n\nPertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.\n\nPertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.", - "gallicism": "A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.", - "gallicisms": "A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.", "gallimaufries": null, "gallimaufry": "1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout. Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King. 2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch. The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South.", "galling": "Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall\"ing*ly, adv.", @@ -31362,32 +27983,26 @@ "gallivanted": null, "gallivanting": null, "gallivants": "To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.", - "gallo": null, "gallon": "A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure. Note: The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62", "gallons": "A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure. Note: The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62", "gallop": "1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed. But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne. 2. To ride a horse at a gallop. 3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination. Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.\n\nTo cause to gallop.\n\nA mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.", "galloped": null, "galloping": "Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.", "gallops": "1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed. But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne. 2. To ride a horse at a gallop. 3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination. Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.\n\nTo cause to gallop.\n\nA mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.", - "galloway": "A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.", "gallows": "1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything. So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10. If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak. O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak. 2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak. 3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised. 4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, or Gallow tree, the gallows. At length him nailéd on a gallow tree. Spenser.", "galls": "1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder. 2. The gall bladder. 3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5. Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden. 4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.\n\nAn excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut. Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zoöl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.\n\nTo impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.\n\n1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak. 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak. 3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.\n\nTo scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.\n\nA wound in the skin made by rubbing.", "gallstone": "A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.", "gallstones": "A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.", - "gallup": null, - "galois": null, "galoot": "A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]", "galoots": "A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]", "galore": "Plenty; abundance; in abundance.", "galosh": "1. Same as Galoche, Galoshe. 2. A strip of material, as leather, running around a shoe at and above the sole, as for protection or ornament.", "galoshes": "1. A clog or patten. [Obs.] Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer. 2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather. 3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.\n\nSame as Galoche.", "gals": null, - "galsworthy": null, "galumph": null, "galumphed": null, "galumphing": null, "galumphs": null, - "galvani": null, "galvanic": "Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.", "galvanism": "(a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents. Note: The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.", "galvanization": "The act of process of galvanizing.", @@ -31397,12 +28012,6 @@ "galvanizing": null, "galvanometer": "An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.", "galvanometers": "An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.", - "galveston": null, - "gama": null, - "gamay": null, - "gambia": null, - "gambian": null, - "gambians": null, "gambit": "A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.", "gambits": "A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.", "gamble": "To play or game for money or other stake.\n\nTo lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. \"Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates.\" Ames.", @@ -31444,20 +28053,14 @@ "gammas": "The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet.", "gammon": "The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.\n\nTo make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.\n\n1. Backgammon. 2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his \"men\" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person. 2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.\n\nTo fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.", "gammy": null, - "gamow": null, "gamut": "The scale.", "gamuts": "The scale.", "gamy": "1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored. 2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.", - "gandalf": null, "gander": "The male of any species of goose.", "ganders": "The male of any species of goose.", - "gandhi": null, - "gandhian": null, - "ganesha": null, "gang": "To go; to walk. Note: Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.\n\n1. A going; a course. [Obs.] 2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves. 3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows. 4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays. 5. Etym: [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.", "gangbusters": null, "ganged": null, - "ganges": "1. To protect (the part of a line next a fishhook, or the hook itself) by winding it with wire. 2. To attach (a fishhook) to a line or snell, as by knotting the line around the shank of the hook.", "ganging": null, "gangland": null, "ganglia": null, @@ -31476,19 +28079,15 @@ "gangstas": null, "gangster": null, "gangsters": null, - "gangtok": null, "gangway": "1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks. 2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition. 3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it. 4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.", "gangways": "1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks. 2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition. 3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it. 4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.", "ganja": "The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.", "gannet": "One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans. Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.", "gannets": "One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans. Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.", - "gansu": null, "gantlet": "A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey. Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.\n\nA glove. See Gauntlet.", "gantlets": "A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey. Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.\n\nA glove. See Gauntlet.", "gantries": null, "gantry": "See Gauntree.", - "ganymede": null, - "gao": null, "gap": "An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.\n\n1. To notch, as a sword or knife. 2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.", "gape": "1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden. (b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10. 2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak. 3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham. Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.\n\n1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison. 2. (Zoöl.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.", "gaped": null, @@ -31511,9 +28110,7 @@ "garbled": null, "garbles": "1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.] 2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.\n\n1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott. 2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings.", "garbling": null, - "garbo": null, "garbs": "1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century. 2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.\n\nA sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).\n\nTo clothe; array; deck. These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.", - "garcia": null, "garcon": "A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.", "garcons": "A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.", "garden": "1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables. 2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak. Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.\n\nTo lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.\n\nTo cultivate as a garden.", @@ -31524,13 +28121,8 @@ "gardenias": "A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.", "gardening": "The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.", "gardens": "1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables. 2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak. Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.\n\nTo lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.\n\nTo cultivate as a garden.", - "gardner": null, - "gareth": null, - "garfield": null, "garfish": "(a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribbæus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; - - called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.", "garfishes": null, - "garfunkel": null, - "gargantua": null, "gargantuan": "Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.", "gargle": "See Gargoyle.\n\n1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs. 2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.\n\nA liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.", "gargled": null, @@ -31538,7 +28130,6 @@ "gargling": null, "gargoyle": "A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]", "gargoyles": "A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]", - "garibaldi": "1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi. 2. (Zoöl.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.", "garish": "1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. \"The garish sun.\" \"A garish flag.\" Shak. \"In . . . garish colors.\" Asham. \"The garish day.\" J. H. Newman. Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor. 2. Gay to extravagance; flighty. It makes the mind loose and garish. South. -- Gar\"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.", "garishly": null, "garishness": null, @@ -31568,8 +28159,6 @@ "garnishments": "1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton. 2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee. 3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.", "garret": "1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners. 2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.", "garrets": "1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners. 2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.", - "garrett": null, - "garrick": null, "garrison": "(a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.\n\n(a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.", "garrisoned": null, "garrisoning": null, @@ -31584,18 +28173,12 @@ "garrulous": "1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey. 2. (Zoöl.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller. Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. -- Gar\"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar\"ru*lous*ness, n.", "garrulously": null, "garrulousness": null, - "garry": null, "gars": "(a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoöl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.\n\nTo cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.", "garter": "1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg. 2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself. 3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zoöl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eutænia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.\n\n1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak. 2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.", "garters": "1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg. 2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself. 3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zoöl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eutænia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.\n\n1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak. 2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.", - "garth": "1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth. A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson. 2. A dam or weir for catching fish.\n\nA hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]", - "garvey": null, - "gary": null, - "garza": null, "gas": "1. An aëriform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or aëriform state. 2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aëriform fluid. Note: Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark. -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aërating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.synthesis gas", "gasbag": null, "gasbags": null, - "gascony": null, "gaseous": "1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aëriform fluid. 2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. \"Unconnected, gaseous information.\" Sir J. Stephen.", "gases": null, "gash": "To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh. Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.\n\nA deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.", @@ -31619,17 +28202,14 @@ "gasping": null, "gasps": "1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd. 2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.\n\nTo emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc. And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.\n\nThe act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.", "gassed": null, - "gasser": null, "gasses": null, "gassier": null, "gassiest": null, "gassing": "1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing. 2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]", "gassy": "Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.", - "gastonia": null, "gastric": "Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.", "gastritis": "Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.", "gastroenteritis": "Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.", - "gastroenterology": null, "gastrointestinal": "Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.", "gastronome": "One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.", "gastronomes": "One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -31667,13 +28247,8 @@ "gatherings": "1. The act of collecting or bringing together. 2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.\n\nAssembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.", "gathers": "1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate. And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry. Byron. When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together. Matt. ii. 4. 2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck. A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles Matt. vii. 16. Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47. 3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up. He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8. To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke. 4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle. Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand. Pope. 5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude. Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak. 6. To gain; to win. [Obs.] He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden. 7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like. 8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To be gathered to one's people, or to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.\n\n1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate. When small humors gather to a gout. Pope. Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes. Tennyson. 2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase. Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon. 3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered. 4. To collect or bring things together. Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26.\n\n1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker. 2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward. 3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.", "gating": null, - "gatling": null, "gator": null, - "gatorade": null, "gators": null, - "gatsby": null, - "gatt": null, - "gatun": null, "gauche": "1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy. 2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces.", "gauchely": null, "gaucheness": null, @@ -31691,20 +28266,12 @@ "gauged": "Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n.", "gauges": "1. To measure or determine with a gauge. 2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg. 3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock. The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham. 4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment. 5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of. You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.\n\n1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor. 2. Measure; dimensions; estimate. The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke. 3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge. 4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge. 5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten. 6. The distance between the rails of a railway. Note: The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches. 7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting. 8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire.", "gauging": null, - "gauguin": null, - "gaul": "1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul). 2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.", - "gaulish": "Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]", - "gauls": "1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul). 2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.", "gaunt": "Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. \"The gaunt mastiff.\" Pope. A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land. Nichols.", "gaunter": null, "gauntest": null, "gauntlet": "See Gantlet.\n\n1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds. Note: The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers. 2. A long glove, covering the wrist. 3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.", "gauntlets": "See Gantlet.\n\n1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds. Note: The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers. 2. A long glove, covering the wrist. 3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.", "gauntness": null, - "gauss": "The C.G.S. unit of density of magnetic field, equal to a field of one line of force per square centimeter, being thus adopted as an international unit at Paris in 1900; sometimes used as a unit of intensity of magnetic field. It was previously suggested as a unit of magnetomotive force.", - "gaussian": null, - "gautama": null, - "gautier": null, "gauze": "A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.\n\nHaving the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing.", "gauzier": null, "gauziest": null, @@ -31713,10 +28280,8 @@ "gave": "imp. of Give.", "gavel": "A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nA small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.\n\n1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc. 2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.\n\nTribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.", "gavels": "A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nA small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.\n\n1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc. 2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.\n\nTribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.", - "gavin": null, "gavotte": null, "gavottes": null, - "gawain": null, "gawd": null, "gawk": "1. A cuckoo. Johnson. 2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.\n\nTo act like a gawky.", "gawked": null, @@ -31734,10 +28299,8 @@ "gay": "1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope. Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray. 2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed. Why is my neighbor's wife so gay Chaucer. A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton. 3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light- hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.\n\nAn ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.", "gayer": null, "gayest": null, - "gayle": null, "gayness": "Gayety; finery. [R.]", "gays": "1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope. Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray. 2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed. Why is my neighbor's wife so gay Chaucer. A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton. 3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light- hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.\n\nAn ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.", - "gaza": null, "gaze": "To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention. Why stand ye gazing up into heaven Acts i. 11. Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look.\n\nTo view with attention; to gaze on . [R.] And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton.\n\n1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention. With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton. 2. The object gazed on. Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton. At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing. I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson.", "gazebo": null, "gazebos": null, @@ -31753,7 +28316,6 @@ "gazetteers": "1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson. 2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke. 3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places. 4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.", "gazettes": "A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.\n\nTo announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.", "gazetting": null, - "gaziantep": null, "gazillion": null, "gazillions": null, "gazing": null, @@ -31762,12 +28324,6 @@ "gazumped": null, "gazumping": null, "gazumps": null, - "gb": null, - "gcc": null, - "gd": null, - "gdansk": null, - "gdp": null, - "ge": null, "gear": "1. Clothing; garments; ornaments. Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser. 2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer. Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia) 3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material. Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser. 4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping. 5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson. 6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.] Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser. 8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear. 9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b). 10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright. That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man. Latimer. Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. -- Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, or out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.\n\n1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness. 2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine.\n\nTo be in, or come into, gear.", "gearbox": null, "gearboxes": null, @@ -31780,7 +28336,6 @@ "gearwheels": null, "gecko": "Any lizard of the family Geckonidæ. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.", "geckos": "Any lizard of the family Geckonidæ. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.", - "ged": "The European pike.", "geddit": null, "gee": "1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby. 2. Etym: [Cf. G. jü, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. giò, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.] Note: In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him. Gee ho, or Gee whoa. Same as Gee.\n\nTo cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.]", "geed": null, @@ -31794,15 +28349,10 @@ "geese": "pl. of Goose.", "geezer": "A queer old fellow; an old chap; an old woman. [Contemptuous, Slang or Dial.]", "geezers": "A queer old fellow; an old chap; an old woman. [Contemptuous, Slang or Dial.]", - "geffen": null, - "gehenna": "The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell. The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton.", - "gehrig": null, - "geiger": null, "geisha": "A Japanese singing and dancing girl.", "gel": null, "gelatin": ", Gel\"a*tine (, n. Etym: [F. gélatine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order. Note: Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in - in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacopoeia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary. Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry- plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.", "gelatinous": "Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.", - "gelbvieh": null, "gelcap": null, "geld": "Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.] Note: This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc.\n\n1. To castrate; to emasculate. 2. To deprive of anything essential. Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak. 3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.", "gelded": null, @@ -31812,12 +28362,9 @@ "gelid": "Cold; very cold; frozen. \"Gelid founts.\" Thompson.", "gelignite": null, "gelled": null, - "geller": null, "gelling": null, "gels": null, "gem": "1. (Bot.) A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. Denham. 2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton. 3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.\n\n1. To put forth in the form of buds. \"Gemmed their blossoms.\" [R.] Milton. 2. To adorn with gems or precious stones. 3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops. England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.", - "gemini": "A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.", - "geminis": "A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.", "gemological": null, "gemologist": null, "gemologists": null, @@ -31826,8 +28373,6 @@ "gemstone": null, "gemstones": null, "gen": null, - "gena": "(a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.", - "genaro": null, "gendarme": "1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France] 2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.", "gendarmes": "1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France] 2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.", "gender": "1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] \"One gender of herbs.\" Shak. 2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.] 3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex. Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris. Note: Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.\n\nTo beget; to engender.\n\nTo copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.", @@ -31878,15 +28423,11 @@ "genes": null, "geneses": null, "genesis": "1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination. The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle. 2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race. 3. (Geom.) Same as Generation.", - "genet": "1. (Zoöl.) One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch. Note: The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species. 2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.\n\nA small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet. Shak.", "genetic": "Same as Genetical.", "genetically": "In a genetical manner.", "geneticist": null, "geneticists": null, "genetics": "Same as Genetical.", - "geneva": "The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. -- Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.\n\nA strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.", - "genevieve": null, - "genghis": null, "genial": "Same as Genian.\n\n1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. \"The genial bed.\" Milton. Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden. 2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition. So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton. 3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.] Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne. 4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.] Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works. Hare. Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.", "geniality": "The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.", "genially": "1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.] Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill. 2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.", @@ -31905,8 +28446,6 @@ "geniuses": null, "genned": null, "genning": null, - "genoa": null, - "genoas": null, "genocidal": null, "genocide": null, "genocides": null, @@ -31940,7 +28479,6 @@ "gentlewomen": null, "gentling": null, "gently": "In a gentle manner. My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden.", - "gentoo": "A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]", "gentries": "Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "gentrification": null, "gentrified": null, @@ -31959,7 +28497,6 @@ "genuinely": null, "genuineness": null, "genus": "1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms. 2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus. Note: Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species. Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. -- Summum genus Etym: [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being .", - "geo": null, "geocache": null, "geocached": null, "geocaches": null, @@ -31974,7 +28511,6 @@ "geodesy": "That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.", "geodetic": "Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line or curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.", "geoengineering": null, - "geoffrey": null, "geog": null, "geographer": "One versed in geography.", "geographers": "One versed in geography.", @@ -32005,43 +28541,23 @@ "geophysics": null, "geopolitical": null, "geopolitics": null, - "george": "1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter. 2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.", - "georges": "1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter. 2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.", - "georgetown": null, - "georgette": null, - "georgia": null, - "georgian": "1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States. 2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era.\n\nA native of, or dweller in, Georgia.", - "georgians": "1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States. 2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era.\n\nA native of, or dweller in, Georgia.", - "georgina": null, "geostationary": null, "geosynchronous": null, "geosyncline": null, "geosynclines": null, "geothermal": null, "geothermic": null, - "ger": null, - "gerald": null, - "geraldine": null, "geranium": "1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill. 2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium. Note: Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated \"geraniums\", mostly natives of South Africa.", "geraniums": "1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill. 2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium. Note: Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated \"geraniums\", mostly natives of South Africa.", - "gerard": null, - "gerardo": null, - "gerber": null, "gerbil": "One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.", "gerbils": "One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.", - "gere": "Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "geriatric": null, "geriatrician": null, "geriatricians": null, "geriatrics": null, - "geritol": null, "germ": "1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter. 2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zoöl.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.\n\nTo germinate. [R.] J. Morley.", - "german": "Nearly related; closely akin. Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak. Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.\n\n1. A native or one of the people of Germany. 2. The German language. 3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.\n\nOf or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zoöl.), the crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words, Note: This line is German Text. -- German tinder. See Amadou.", "germane": "Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant. The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak. [An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest).", - "germanic": "Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy. 2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]", "germanium": "A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.", - "germans": "Nearly related; closely akin. Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak. Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.\n\n1. A native or one of the people of Germany. 2. The German language. 3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.\n\nOf or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zoöl.), the crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words, Note: This line is German Text. -- German tinder. See Amadou.", - "germany": null, "germicidal": "Germicide.", "germicide": "Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent.", "germicides": "Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent.", @@ -32052,18 +28568,14 @@ "germinating": null, "germination": "The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.", "germs": "1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter. 2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zoöl.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.\n\nTo germinate. [R.] J. Morley.", - "geronimo": null, "gerontological": null, "gerontologist": null, "gerontologists": null, "gerontology": null, - "gerry": null, "gerrymander": "To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.] Note: This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.", "gerrymandered": null, "gerrymandering": null, "gerrymanders": "To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.] Note: This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.", - "gershwin": null, - "gertrude": null, "gerund": "1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle. 2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, \"Ic hæbbe mete tô etanne\" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.", "gerunds": "1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle. 2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, \"Ic hæbbe mete tô etanne\" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.", "gestalt": null, @@ -32091,28 +28603,20 @@ "get": "Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc. 2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson. Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert. 3. To beget; to procreate; to generate. I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak. 4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson. It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty. Bp. Fell. 5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade. Get him to say his prayers. Shak. 6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle. Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak. 7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use. Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13. He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles. Note: Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory. -- To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation. Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.\n\n1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased. We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak. 2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected. To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope. His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge. Note: It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle. Note: Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. -- To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. \"Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it.\" Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, \"she prepared to get into the coach.\" Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, \" as, \" a language has got into the inflated state.\" Keary. -- To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.\n\nOffspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.", "getaway": null, "getaways": null, - "gethsemane": null, "gets": "Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc. 2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson. Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert. 3. To beget; to procreate; to generate. I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak. 4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson. It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty. Bp. Fell. 5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade. Get him to say his prayers. Shak. 6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle. Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak. 7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use. Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13. He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles. Note: Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory. -- To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation. Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.\n\n1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased. We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak. 2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected. To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope. His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge. Note: It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle. Note: Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. -- To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. \"Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it.\" Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, \"she prepared to get into the coach.\" Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, \" as, \" a language has got into the inflated state.\" Keary. -- To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.\n\nOffspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.", "getting": "1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition. With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7. 2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.", - "getty": null, - "gettysburg": null, "getup": null, "gewgaw": "A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble. A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden.\n\nShowy; unreal; pretentious. Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson.", "gewgaws": "A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble. A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden.\n\nShowy; unreal; pretentious. Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson.", - "gewurztraminer": null, "geyser": "A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam. Note: Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.", "geysers": "A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam. Note: Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.", - "ghana": null, - "ghanaian": null, "ghastlier": null, "ghastliest": null, "ghastliness": "The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.", "ghastly": "1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal. Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge. His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized. Macaulay. 2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous. Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton.\n\nIn a ghastly manner; hideously. Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak.", "ghat": "1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker. 2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ). 3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom.", "ghats": "1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker. 2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ). 3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom.", - "ghazvanid": null, "ghee": "Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom.", - "ghent": null, "gherkin": "1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles. 2. (Zoöl.) See Sea gherkin.", "gherkins": "1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles. 2. (Zoöl.) See Sea gherkin.", "ghetto": "The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city. I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn.", @@ -32121,7 +28625,6 @@ "ghettoizes": null, "ghettoizing": null, "ghettos": "The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city. I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn.", - "ghibelline": "One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses. Brande & C.", "ghost": "1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.] Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser. 2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter. The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak. I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost. Coleridge. 3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea. Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe. 4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. Ghost moth (Zoöl.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. -- To give up or yield up the ghost, to die; to expire. And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer. Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. Gen. xlix. 33.\n\nTo die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.\n\nTo appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.] Shak.", "ghosted": null, "ghosting": null, @@ -32142,16 +28645,10 @@ "ghoulishly": null, "ghoulishness": null, "ghouls": "An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore.", - "ghq": null, - "ghz": null, - "gi": null, - "giacometti": null, - "giannini": null, "giant": "1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature. Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton. 2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. 3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power. Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.\n\nLike a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zoöl.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zoöl.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zoöl.), a very large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid (Zoöl.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.", "giantess": "A woman of extraordinary size.", "giantesses": null, "giants": "1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature. Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton. 2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. 3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power. Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.\n\nLike a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zoöl.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zoöl.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zoöl.), a very large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid (Zoöl.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.", - "giauque": null, "gibber": "A balky horse. Youatt.\n\nTo speak rapidly and inarticulately. Shak.", "gibbered": null, "gibbering": null, @@ -32164,26 +28661,17 @@ "gibbon": "Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing. Note: The white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.", "gibbons": "Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing. Note: The white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.", "gibbous": "1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and the full moon. The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member. Wiseman. 2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Gib\"bous*ly, adv. -- Gib\"bous*ness, n.", - "gibbs": null, "gibe": "To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff. Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.\n\nTo reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock. Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them. Swift.\n\nAn expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer. Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak. With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson.", "gibed": null, "gibes": "To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff. Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.\n\nTo reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock. Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them. Swift.\n\nAn expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer. Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak. With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson.", "gibing": null, "giblet": "Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.", "giblets": "The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.", - "gibraltar": "1. A strongly fortified town on the south coast of Spain, held by the British since 1704; hence, an impregnable stronghold. 2. A kind of candy sweetmeat, or a piece of it; -- called, in full, Gibraltar rock.", - "gibraltars": "1. A strongly fortified town on the south coast of Spain, held by the British since 1704; hence, an impregnable stronghold. 2. A kind of candy sweetmeat, or a piece of it; -- called, in full, Gibraltar rock.", - "gibson": null, "giddier": null, "giddiest": null, "giddily": "In a giddy manner.", "giddiness": "The quality or state of being giddy.", "giddy": "1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy. By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. Tate. 2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy precipice. Prior. Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. Shak. 3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling. The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope. 4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. \"Giddy, foolish hours.\" Rowe. \"Giddy chance.\" Dryden. Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm. Cowper.\n\nTo reel; to whirl. Chapman.\n\nTo make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]", - "gide": null, - "gideon": null, - "gielgud": null, - "gienah": null, - "gif": "If. [Obs.] Note: Gif is the old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See If.", "gift": "1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering. Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command Milton. 2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is in the gift of the President. 3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt. Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise. Deut. xvi. 19. 4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a preëminent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift for speaking. 5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier. Burrill. Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope. Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present, Donation. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A gift is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.\n\nTo endow with some power or faculty. He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. I. Taylor.", "gifted": null, "gifting": null, @@ -32219,39 +28707,21 @@ "giggliest": null, "giggling": null, "giggly": "Prone to giggling. Carlyle.", - "gigo": null, "gigolo": null, "gigolos": null, "gigs": "A fiddle. [Obs.]\n\nTo engender. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nA kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig.\n\nTo fish with a gig.\n\nA playful or wanton girl; a giglot.\n\n1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play. Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig. Shak. 2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise. 3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the captain's gig. 4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth. Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, or Napping machine. See Gig, 4. -- Gig saw. See Jig saw.", - "gil": null, - "gila": null, - "gilbert": null, - "gilberto": null, - "gilchrist": null, "gild": "1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold. \"Gilded chariots.\" Pope. No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope. 2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten. Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day. Trumbull. 3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie. Shak. 4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.] This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak.", - "gilda": null, "gilded": null, "gilder": "One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.\n\nA Dutch coin. See Guilder.", "gilders": "One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.\n\nA Dutch coin. See Guilder.", "gilding": "1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold. 2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface. 3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine. Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made.", "gilds": "1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold. \"Gilded chariots.\" Pope. No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope. 2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten. Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day. Trumbull. 3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie. Shak. 4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.] This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak.", - "gilead": null, - "giles": "Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "gilgamesh": null, "gill": "1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia. Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray. Note: Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations. 2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom. 3. (Zoöl.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle. 4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift. 5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. Etym: [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.] Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, or Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, or Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, or Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.\n\nA two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.\n\nA woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nA measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.\n\n1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. \"Each Jack with his Gill.\" B. Jonson. 2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the ground, and other like names. 3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy. Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.", - "gillespie": null, - "gillette": null, - "gilliam": null, - "gillian": "A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "gillie": "A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott.", "gillies": "A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott.", - "gilligan": null, "gillion": null, "gillions": null, "gills": "1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia. Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray. Note: Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations. 2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom. 3. (Zoöl.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle. 4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift. 5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. Etym: [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.] Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, or Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, or Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, or Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.\n\nA two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.\n\nA woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nA measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.\n\n1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. \"Each Jack with his Gill.\" B. Jonson. 2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the ground, and other like names. 3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy. Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.", - "gilman": null, - "gilmore": null, - "gilroy": null, "gilt": "A female pig, when young.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Gild.\n\nGilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow. \"Gilt hair\" Chaucer.\n\n1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. Shak. 2. Money. [Obs.] \"The gilt of France.\" Shak.", "gilts": "A female pig, when young.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Gild.\n\nGilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow. \"Gilt hair\" Chaucer.\n\n1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. Shak. 2. Money. [Obs.] \"The gilt of France.\" Shak.", "gimbals": "A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first. Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.", @@ -32274,7 +28744,6 @@ "gimps": "Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\nA narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc. Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.\n\nTo notch; to indent; to jag.", "gimpy": null, "gin": "Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778).\n\nIf. [Scotch] Jamieson.\n\nTo begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] \"He gan to pray.\" Chaucer.\n\nA strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.\n\n1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim. 3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin. Note: The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin race, or Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim.\n\n1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.", - "gina": null, "ginger": "1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is Z. officinale. 2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much used in cookery and in medicine. Ginger beer or ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.", "gingerbread": "A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. \"Gingerbread that was full fine.\" Chaucer. Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.", "gingered": null, @@ -32286,25 +28755,15 @@ "gingery": null, "gingham": "A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints.", "gingivitis": null, - "gingrich": null, "ginkgo": "A large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of Coniferæ. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree.", "ginkgoes": null, "ginned": null, "ginning": "Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "ginny": null, - "gino": null, "ginormous": null, "gins": "Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778).\n\nIf. [Scotch] Jamieson.\n\nTo begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] \"He gan to pray.\" Chaucer.\n\nA strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.\n\n1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim. 3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin. Note: The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin race, or Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim.\n\n1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.", - "ginsberg": null, - "ginsburg": null, "ginseng": "A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.", - "ginsu": null, - "giorgione": null, - "giotto": null, - "giovanni": null, "giraffe": "An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.", "giraffes": "An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.", - "giraudoux": null, "gird": "1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang. Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which the atheist feels. Tillotson. 2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer. I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. Shak.\n\n1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.] To slay him and to girden off his head. Chaucer. 2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe. Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods. Shak.\n\nTo gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms. Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. Shak.\n\n1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band. 2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc. 3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass. That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton. Milton. 4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest. I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. xvi. 10. The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence. Milton. 5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a contest. Thou hast girded me with strength. Ps. xviii. 39. To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword. Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. 1 Kings xx. 11. -- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle. He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. 1 Kings xviii. 46. Gird up the loins of your mind. 1 Pet. i. 13. -- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. \"A severer, more girt-up way of living.\" J. C. Shairp.", "girded": null, "girder": "One who girds; a satirist.\n\n1. One who, or that which, girds. 2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed floor, under Double. Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. -- Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. -- Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts.", @@ -32333,16 +28792,11 @@ "girths": "1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse. 2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything. He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girth. Addison. 3. A small horizontal brace or girder.\n\nTo bind as with a girth. [R.] Johnson.", "girting": null, "girts": "imp. & p. p. of Gird.\n\nTo gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with the sword. Shak.\n\nBound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.\n\nSame as Girth.", - "giselle": null, - "gish": null, "gist": "1. A resting place. [Obs.] These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places. Holland. 2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question.", "git": "See Geat.", "gite": "A gown. [Obs.] She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer.", "gites": "A gown. [Obs.] She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer.", - "github": null, "gits": "See Geat.", - "giuliani": null, - "giuseppe": null, "give": "1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow. For generous lords had rather give than pay. Young. 2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy. What shall a man give in exchange for his soul Matt. xvi. 26. 3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give sparks. 4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc. 5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission. It is given me once again to behold my friend. Rowe. Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. Pope. 6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship. 7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study. 8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form given. 9. To allow or admit by way of supposition. I give not heaven for lost. Mlton. 10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge. I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover. Sheridan. 11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense; to give pleasure or pain. 12. To pledge; as, to give one's word. 13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to understand, to know, etc. But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Shak. To give away, to make over to another; to transfer. Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given away from ourselves. Atterbury. -- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag, to cheat. [Obs.] I fear our ears have given us the bag. J. Webster. -- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth, to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See under Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith. -- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him) that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare. One that gives out himself Prince Florizel. Shak. Give out you are of Epidamnum. Shak. (b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self). The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice. Grew. -- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points. (a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack . Same as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. -- To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as \"good morning.\" \"good evening\", etc. -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up. (a) To abandon; to surrender. \"Don't give up the ship.\" He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome. Shak. (b) To make public; to reveal. I'll not state them By giving up their characters. Beau. & Fl. (c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost. -- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.) To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke. Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.\n\n1. To give a gift or gifts. 2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet. 3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon . 4. To move; to recede. Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. Daniel. 5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.] Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter. Shak. 6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.] My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women. J. Webster. 7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism] This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. Tennyson. To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat. They gave back and came no farther. Bunyan. -- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition. The Scots battalion was enforced to give in. Hayward. This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrases. Pope. -- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on or upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.] Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch. Tennyson. The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave. Dickens. -- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out; the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist. It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame. Addison. -- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never give up.", "giveaway": null, "giveaways": null, @@ -32355,12 +28809,10 @@ "gives": "Fetters.", "giving": "1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting. 2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope. 3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. \"Upon the first giving of the weather.\" Addison. Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving. His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant design. Shak.", "givings": "1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting. 2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope. 3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. \"Upon the first giving of the weather.\" Addison. Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving. His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant design. Shak.", - "giza": null, "gizmo": null, "gizmos": null, "gizzard": "1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks. Gizzard shad (Zoöl.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low]", "gizzards": "1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks. Gizzard shad (Zoöl.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low]", - "gk": null, "glace": "Coated with icing; iced; glazed; -- said of fruits, sweetmeats, cake, etc.", "glaceed": null, "glaceing": null, @@ -32395,9 +28847,6 @@ "gladness": "State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness. They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart. Acts ii. 46. Note: Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy. The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. Esther viii. 17.", "glads": "1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry, sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of, at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the cause or reason. A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1. He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov. xvii. 5. The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. Dryden. He, glad of her attention gained. Milton. As we are now glad to behold your eyes. Shak. Glad am I that your highness is so armed. Shak. Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak. 2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating. Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is. Sir P. Sidney. Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. Milton. Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating. -- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his visits.\n\nTo make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer. That which gladded all the warrior train. Dryden. Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man. Pope.\n\nTo be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger.", "gladsome": "1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful. 2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing. Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day. Prior. -- Glad\"some*ly, adv. -- Glad\"some*ness, n. Hours of perfect gladsomeness. Wordsworth.", - "gladstone": "A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman.", - "gladstones": "A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman.", - "gladys": null, "glam": null, "glamorization": null, "glamorize": null, @@ -32424,8 +28873,6 @@ "glares": "1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light. The cavern glares with new-admitted light. Dryden. 2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely. And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. Byron. 3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay. She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring. Pope.\n\nTo shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light. Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire. Milton.\n\n1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light. The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare. Dryden. 2. A fierce, piercing look or stare. About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare. Milton. 3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair. 4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ]\n\nSmooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]", "glaring": "Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime. -- Glar\"ing*ly, adv.", "glaringly": null, - "glaser": null, - "glasgow": null, "glasnost": null, "glass": "1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament. Note: Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow. 2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion. 3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror. (b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand. She would not live The running of one glass. Shak. (c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A weatherglass; a barometer. Note: Glass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower, etc. Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, or Flint glass. See Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.] Smart. Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands. J. F. Cooper. -- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass. -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. -- Glass soap, or Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass. -- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting. -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also water glass. -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass, above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows.\n\n1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively. Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror. Motley. Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests. Byron. 2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak. 3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle. 4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher.", "glassblower": null, @@ -32444,11 +28891,7 @@ "glassing": null, "glassware": "Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.", "glassy": "1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon. 2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy deep. 3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. \"In his glassy eye.\" Byron. Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.", - "glastonbury": null, - "glaswegian": null, - "glaswegians": null, "glaucoma": "Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball.", - "glaxo": null, "glaze": "1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass. Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with crystalline glass. Bacon. 2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like. Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak. 3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect.\n\nTo become glazed of glassy.\n\n1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure. 2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes. 3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.", "glazed": null, "glazes": "1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass. Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with crystalline glass. Bacon. 2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like. Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak. 3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect.\n\nTo become glazed of glassy.\n\n1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure. 2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes. 3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.", @@ -32467,17 +28910,11 @@ "gleaning": "The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning. Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook.", "gleanings": "The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning. Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook.", "gleans": "1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left. 3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain. Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments. Locke.\n\n1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers. And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers. Ruth ii. 3. 2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees. Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up the whole estate. Pope.\n\nA collection made by gleaning. The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs. Dryden.\n\nCleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland.", - "gleason": null, "glee": "1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. Spenser. 3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.", "gleeful": "Merry; gay; joyous. Shak.", "gleefully": null, "gleefulness": null, "glen": "A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills. And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser.", - "glenda": null, - "glendale": null, - "glenlivet": "A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun.", - "glenn": null, - "glenna": null, "glenohumeral": null, "glenoid": "Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sockas, the glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates.", "glens": "A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills. And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser.", @@ -32569,7 +29006,6 @@ "gloomy": "1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. \"Though hid in gloomiest shade.\" Milton. 2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a gloomy temper or countenance. Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.", "glop": null, "gloppy": null, - "gloria": "(a) A doxology (beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical setting of a gloria.", "gloried": "Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] Milton.", "glories": null, "glorification": "1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor. 2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after his resurrection.", @@ -32597,10 +29033,8 @@ "glottal": "Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic. Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet.", "glottis": "The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See Larynx.", "glottises": null, - "gloucester": null, "glove": "1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the glove from the mitten. 2. A boxing glove. Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money or silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zoöl.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with. \"Hand and glove with traitors.\" J. H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves, to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat.\n\nTo cover with, or as with, a glove.", "gloved": null, - "glover": "One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves. Glover's suture or stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.", "gloves": "1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the glove from the mitten. 2. A boxing glove. Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money or silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zoöl.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with. \"Hand and glove with traitors.\" J. H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves, to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat.\n\nTo cover with, or as with, a glove.", "gloving": null, "glow": "1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent. Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. Pope. 2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc. Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. Dryden. And glow with shame of your proceedings. Shak. 3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn. Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching heats Addison. The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands. Gay. 4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism. With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. Dryden. Burns with one love, with one resentment glows. Pope.\n\nTo make hot; to flush. [Poetic] Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool. Shak.\n\n1. White or red heat; incandscence. 2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow of health in the cheeks. 3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor. The red glow of scorn. Shak. 4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc.", @@ -32649,9 +29083,6 @@ "glycol": "(a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. (b) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.", "glyph": "A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph.", "gm": null, - "gmat": null, - "gmo": null, - "gmt": null, "gnarl": "To growl; to snarl. And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first. Shak.\n\na knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.", "gnarled": "Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained. The unwedgeable and gnarléd oak. Shak.", "gnarlier": null, @@ -32675,14 +29106,9 @@ "gnomes": "1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc. 2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance. 3. (Zoöl.) A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States. 4. Etym: [Gr. A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham.", "gnomic": "Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached thoughts; aphoristic. A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry. G. R. Lewes. Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.", "gnomish": null, - "gnostic": "1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang] I said you were a gnostic fellow. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the Gnostic heresy.\n\nOne of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations, which they called Eons.", - "gnosticism": "The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.", - "gnp": null, "gnu": "One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also gnoo.] Note: The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.", - "gnupg": null, "gnus": "One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also gnoo.] Note: The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.", "go": "Gone. Chaucer.\n\n1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied. 2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely. Note: In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride. \"Whereso I go or ride.\" Chaucer. You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go. Shak. Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn. Shak. He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his hands and his knees. Bunyan. Note: In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home. 3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded. The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Sa. xvii. 12. [The money] should go according to its true value. Locke. 4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out. How goes the night, boy Shak. I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough. Arbuthnot. Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward. I Watts. 5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show. Against right reason all your counsels go. Dryden. To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of theology. Sir W. Scott. 6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake. Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. Sir P. Sidney. Note: Go, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to begin harvest. 7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through. By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject. South. 8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate. The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good time, and live. Shak. 9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in opposition to stay and come. I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not go very far away. Ex. viii. 28. 10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die. By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped. Sir W. Scott. 11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street; his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York. His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow. Dryden. 12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law. Note: Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression; as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to go astray, etc. Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or ironical. -- To go a-begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired. -- To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. \"They went about to slay him.\" Acts ix. 29. They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices. Swift. (b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear. -- To go abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of doors. (c) To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current. Then went this saying abroad among the brethren. John xxi. 23. -- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed. -- To go and come. See To come and go, under Come. -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw; to retire. He . . . went aside privately into a desert place. Luke. ix. 10. (b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on. (a) To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn against; to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below deck. -- To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See under Beyond. -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast went by the board. -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon; as, the sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc. (d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.] Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for truth. L' Estrange. -- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or influence. -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to pass for. (c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low] (e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price). -- To go for nothing, to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go forth. (a) To depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate. The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. Micah iv. 2. -- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger. -- To go in, to engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out, to do the business of life; to live; to have free access. John x. 9. -- To go in for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.). (d) To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc. He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else. Dickens. -- To go in to or unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv. 16.(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a) To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b) To participate in (a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large. (Naut) See under Large. -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart. The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you. Shak. (b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die. Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of. (f) To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished. The wedding went off much as such affairs do. Mrs. Caskell. -- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to go on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will not go on. -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for point. It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours. Macaulay. -- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition. There are other men fitter to go out than I. Shak. What went ye out for to see Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9. (c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc. (d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has gone out. Life itself goes out at thy displeasure. Addison. -- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides. I must not go over Jordan. Deut. iv. 22. Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan. Deut. iii. 25. Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites. Jer. xli. 10. (b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's accounts. If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they enjoin the same thing. Tillotson. (c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and levulose. -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a work. (b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a surgical operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang] (e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through with, to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete. -- To go to ground. (a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox. (b) To fall in battle. -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb. -- To go up, to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go upon, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis. -- To go with. (a) To accompany. (b) To coincide or agree with. (c) To suit; to harmonize with. -- To go (well, ill, or hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner. -- To go without, to be, or to remain, destitute of. -- To go wrong. (a) To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b) To depart from virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To miss success. -- To let go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.\n\n1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become responsible for; to bear a part in. They to go equal shares in the booty. L'Estrange. 2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.] To go halves, to share with another equally. -- To go it, to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone (Card Playing), to play a hand without the assistance of one's partner. -- To go it blind. (a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang] (b) (Card Playing) To bet without having examined the cards. -- To go one's way, to set forth; to depart.\n\n1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.] So gracious were the goes of marriage. Marston. 2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang] This is a pretty go. Dickens. 3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.] 4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.] 5. A glass of spirits. [Slang] 6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as, there is no go in him. [Colloq.] 7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one. Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang] Thackeray. -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]", - "goa": "A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda), inhabiting Thibet.", "goad": "A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates. The daily goad urging him to the daily toil. Macaulay.\n\nTo prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate. That temptation that doth goad us on. Shak. Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate.", "goaded": null, "goading": null, @@ -32723,7 +29149,6 @@ "gobblers": "A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.", "gobbles": "1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp. Supper gobbled up in haste. Swift. 2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock. He . . . gobbles out a note of self-approbation. Goldsmith. To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly. [Slang]\n\n1. To eat greedily. 2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior.\n\nA noise made in the throat. Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble. Mrs. Gore.", "gobbling": null, - "gobi": null, "goblet": "A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle. We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned. Denham.", "goblets": "A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle. We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned. Denham.", "goblin": "An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome. To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied. Milton.", @@ -32733,25 +29158,21 @@ "gobstopper": null, "gobstoppers": null, "god": "Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol. He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. Is. xliv. 15. The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. Milton. 2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah. God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. John iv. 24. 3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard. Whose god is their belly. Phil. iii. 19. 4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.] Shak. Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter.\n\nTo treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.", - "godard": null, "godawful": null, "godchild": "One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See Godfather.", "godchildren": null, "goddammit": null, "goddamn": null, "goddamned": null, - "goddard": null, "goddaughter": "A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.", "goddaughters": "A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.", "goddess": "1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex. When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty. Addison. 2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.", "goddesses": null, - "godel": null, "godfather": "A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction. There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired. Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).\n\nTo act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care. [R.] Burke.", "godfathers": "A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction. There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired. Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).\n\nTo act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care. [R.] Burke.", "godforsaken": null, "godhead": "1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood. 2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being. The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever. Milton. 3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.] Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native godheads yet unknown. Dryden.", "godhood": "Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.", - "godiva": null, "godless": "Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked. -- God\"less*ly, adv. -- God\"less*ness, n.", "godlessly": null, "godlessness": null, @@ -32762,7 +29183,6 @@ "godly": "Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a godly life. For godly sorrow worketh repentance. 2 Cor. vii. 10.\n\nPiously; devoutly; righteously. All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. 2. Tim. iii. 12.", "godmother": "A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See Godfather", "godmothers": "A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See Godfather", - "godot": null, "godparent": null, "godparents": null, "gods": "Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol. He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. Is. xliv. 15. The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. Milton. 2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah. God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. John iv. 24. 3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard. Whose god is their belly. Phil. iii. 19. 4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.] Shak. Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter.\n\nTo treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -32771,36 +29191,20 @@ "godson": "A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See Godfather.", "godsons": "A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See Godfather.", "godspeed": "Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase, \"God speed you.\" [Written also as two separate words.] Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed. 2 John 10.", - "godspeeds": "Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase, \"God speed you.\" [Written also as two separate words.] Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed. 2 John 10.", - "godthaab": null, - "godunov": null, - "godzilla": null, - "goebbels": null, "goer": "One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer. This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers. Macaulay.", - "goering": null, "goers": "One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer. This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers. Macaulay.", "goes": null, - "goethals": null, - "goethe": null, "gofer": null, "gofers": null, - "goff": "A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nA game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell.", - "gog": "Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "goggle": "To roll the eyes; to stare. And wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras.\n\nFull and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes. The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye. 2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through.", "goggled": "Prominent; staring, as the eye.", "goggles": "To roll the eyes; to stare. And wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras.\n\nFull and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes. The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye. 2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through.", "goggling": null, - "gogol": null, - "goiania": null, "going": "1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad. 2. Departure. Milton. 3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew. 4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways. His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings. Job xxxiv. 21. Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. \"Every going forth of the sanctuary.\" Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. \"The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea.\" Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, or Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or limit. \"The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea.\" Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or journeying. \"And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys.\" Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.", "goings": "1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad. 2. Departure. Milton. 3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew. 4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways. His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings. Job xxxiv. 21. Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. \"Every going forth of the sanctuary.\" Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. \"The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea.\" Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, or Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or limit. \"The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea.\" Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or journeying. \"And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys.\" Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.", "goiter": "An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.", "goiters": "An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.", - "golan": null, - "golconda": null, "gold": "An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.\n\n1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7. Note: Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography. 2. Money; riches; wealth. For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak. 3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with gold. 4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak. Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zoöl.), any small gold-colored beetle of the family Chrysomelidæ; -- called also golden beetle. -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. \"I know him not: he looks like a gold-end man.\" B. Jonson. -- Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum Stoechas of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs or knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). -- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; - - called also a pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold or Golden, pheasant. (Zoöl.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold. -- Gold of pleasure. Etym: [Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de- alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also gold paint. (b) (Zoöl.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell. See Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. -- Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made. -- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper. -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.", - "golda": null, - "goldberg": null, "goldbrick": null, "goldbricked": null, "goldbricker": null, @@ -32817,35 +29221,21 @@ "goldfinches": null, "goldfish": "(a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); -- so named from its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also golden fish, and golden carp. See Telescope fish, under Telescope. (b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.", "goldfishes": null, - "goldie": "(a) The European goldfinch. (b) The yellow-hammer.", - "goldilocks": "Same as Goldylocks.", - "golding": "A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into gouland, gools, gowan, etc.]", - "goldman": null, "goldmine": null, "goldmines": null, "golds": "An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.\n\n1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7. Note: Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography. 2. Money; riches; wealth. For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak. 3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with gold. 4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak. Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zoöl.), any small gold-colored beetle of the family Chrysomelidæ; -- called also golden beetle. -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. \"I know him not: he looks like a gold-end man.\" B. Jonson. -- Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum Stoechas of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs or knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). -- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; - - called also a pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold or Golden, pheasant. (Zoöl.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold. -- Gold of pleasure. Etym: [Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de- alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also gold paint. (b) (Zoöl.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell. See Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. -- Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made. -- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper. -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.", - "goldsboro": null, "goldsmith": "1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold. 2. A banker. [Obs.] Note: The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely. Goldsmith beetle (Zoöl.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera), of the family Scarabæidæ", "goldsmiths": "1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold. 2. A banker. [Obs.] Note: The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely. Goldsmith beetle (Zoöl.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera), of the family Scarabæidæ", - "goldwater": null, - "goldwyn": null, "golf": "A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.", "golfed": null, "golfer": "One who plays golf. [Scot.]", "golfers": "One who plays golf. [Scot.]", "golfing": null, "golfs": "A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.", - "golgi": null, - "golgotha": "Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.", - "goliath": null, "gollies": null, "golliwog": null, "golliwogs": null, "golly": null, - "gomez": null, - "gomorrah": null, - "gompers": null, - "gomulka": null, "gonad": "One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland. Wiedersheim.", "gonadal": null, "gonads": "One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland. Wiedersheim.", @@ -32853,7 +29243,6 @@ "gondolas": "1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now. 2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.] 3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads. [U. S.]", "gondolier": "A man who rows a gondola.", "gondoliers": "A man who rows a gondola.", - "gondwanaland": null, "gone": "p. p. of Go.", "goner": null, "goners": null, @@ -32866,33 +29255,24 @@ "gonna": null, "gonorrhea": "A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.", "gonorrheal": "Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.", - "gonzales": null, - "gonzalez": null, - "gonzalo": null, "gonzo": null, "goo": null, "goober": "A peanut. [Southern U. S.]", "goobers": "A peanut. [Southern U. S.]", "good": "1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc. And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good. Gen. i. 31. Good company, good wine, good welcome. Shak. 2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions. In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Tit. ii. 7. 3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also formerly by unto. The men were very good unto us. 1 Sam. xxv. 15. 4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon; -- followed especially by for. All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in merit. Collier. 5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially by at. He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor. Shak. Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else. South. 6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit. My reasons are both good and weighty. Shak. My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak. 7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good sooth. Love no man in good earnest. Shak. 8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or part, etc. 9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete. Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over. Luke vi. 38. 10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc. A good name is better than precious ointment. Eccl. vii. 1. As good as. See under As. -- For good, or For good and all, completely and finally; fully; truly. The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good and all. L'Estrange. -- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a polite education. Distinguished by good humor and good breeding. Macaulay. -- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap. -- Good consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a contract. -- Good fellow, a person of companionable qualities. [Familiar] -- Good folk, or Good people, fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for nothing. (a) Of no value; useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless person. My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing. Ld. Lytton. -- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion. -- Good humor, or Good-humor, a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind. -- Good nature, or Good-nature, habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor. The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character. Macaulay. The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among his best characteristics. Hawthorne. -- Good people. See Good folk (above). -- Good speed, good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See Speed. -- Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a) Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling. (b) (Law) The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency or inclination. The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place. Lord Eldon. -- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time. -- To hold good, to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his promise holds good; the condition still holds good. -- To make good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate. Each word made good and true. Shak. Of no power to make his wishes good. Shak. I . . . would by combat make her good. Shak. Convenient numbers to make good the city. Shak. -- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper. If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. Zech. xi. 12. Note: Good, in the sense of wishing well, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening, good morning, etc.\n\n1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil. There be many that say, Who will show us any good Ps. iv. 6. 2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc. The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it. Jay. 3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all personal property as distinguished from land or real property. Wharton. He hath made us spend much good. Chaucer. Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice. Shak. Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods engine, a freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a freight train. [Eng.] -- Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under Car, n., 2.\n\nWell, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as little harm as possible. As good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Milton. As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as. They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye suppress yourselves. Milton.\n\n1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.] 2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.", - "goodall": null, "goodbye": null, "goodbyes": null, - "goode": null, "goodhearted": null, "goodies": null, "goodish": "Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable. Goodish pictures in rich frames. Walpole.", "goodlier": null, "goodliest": null, "goodly": "Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. We have many goodly days to see. Shak. 2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a goodly person; goodly raiment, houses. The goodliest man of men since born. Milton. 3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number. Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryden.", - "goodman": "1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to \"My friend\", \"Good sir\", \"Mister;\" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.] With you, goodman boy, an you please. Shak. 2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer. Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber Mark xiv. 14. Note: In the early colonial records of New England, the term goodman is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from England.", "goodness": "The quality of being good in any of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the goodness of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of disposition, of conduct, etc.", "goodnight": null, - "goodrich": null, "goods": "See Good, n., 3.", "goodwill": null, - "goodwin": null, "goody": "1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl. [Colloq.] 2. (Zoöl.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot.\n\nGoodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport.", - "goodyear": null, "gooey": null, "goof": null, "goofball": null, @@ -32914,7 +29294,6 @@ "gooiest": null, "gook": null, "gooks": null, - "goolagong": null, "goon": null, "goons": null, "goop": null, @@ -32929,19 +29308,11 @@ "goosestepping": null, "goosesteps": null, "goosing": null, - "gop": null, "gopher": "1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyidæ; -- called also pocket gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan. Note: The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth. 2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus, of the family Sciuridæ; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini) and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See Spermophile. 3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows. 4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United States. Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond.", "gophers": "1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyidæ; -- called also pocket gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan. Note: The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth. 2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus, of the family Sciuridæ; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini) and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See Spermophile. 3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows. 4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United States. Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond.", - "gorbachev": null, - "gordian": "1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable. Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic measures. 2. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea.\n\nOne of the Gordiacea.", - "gordimer": null, - "gordon": null, "gore": "1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. 2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted. Milton.\n\n1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part. 2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell. 3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point. Note: It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called tenné. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.\n\nTo pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab. The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet. Coleridge.\n\nTo cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.", "gored": null, - "goren": null, "gores": "1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. 2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted. Milton.\n\n1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part. 2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell. 3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point. Note: It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called tenné. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.\n\nTo pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab. The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet. Coleridge.\n\nTo cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.", - "gorey": null, - "gorgas": null, "gorge": "1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach. Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain. Spenser. Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it. Shak. 2. A narrow passage or entrance; as: (a) A defile between mountains. (b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion. 3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl. And all the way, most like a brutish beast,gorge, that all did him detest. Spenser. 4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as, an ice gorge in a river. 5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt. 6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley. Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead. Knight.\n\n1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities. The fish has gorged the hook. Johnson. 2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate. The giant gorged with flesh. Addison. Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite. Dryden.\n\nTo eat greedily and to satiety. Milton.", "gorged": "1. Having a gorge or throat. 2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck. 3. Glutted; fed to the full.", "gorgeous": "Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. Cloud-land, gorgeous land. Coleridge. Gogeous as the sun at midsummer. Shak. -- Gor\"geous*ly, adv. -- Gor\"geous*ness, n.", @@ -32951,7 +29322,6 @@ "gorging": null, "gorgon": "1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa. 2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton. 3. (Zoöl.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu.\n\nLike a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face. Dryden.", "gorgons": "1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa. 2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton. 3. (Zoöl.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu.\n\nLike a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face. Dryden.", - "gorgonzola": "A kind of Italian pressed milk cheese; -- so called from a village near Milan.", "gorier": null, "goriest": null, "gorilla": "A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.", @@ -32959,7 +29329,6 @@ "gorily": null, "goriness": null, "goring": "A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.", - "gorky": null, "gormandize": "To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton. Shak.", "gormandized": null, "gormandizer": "A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.", @@ -32989,18 +29358,12 @@ "got": "imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.", "gotcha": null, "gotchas": null, - "goteborg": null, "goth": "1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire. Note: Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths. 2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield.", - "gotham": null, - "gothic": "1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital.\n\n1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth. Note: Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language. 2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines. Note: This is Nonpareil GOTHIC. 3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.", - "gothics": "1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital.\n\n1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth. Note: Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language. 2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines. Note: This is Nonpareil GOTHIC. 3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.", "goths": "1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire. Note: Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths. 2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield.", "gotta": null, "gotten": "p. p. of Get.", "gouache": "A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.", "gouaches": "A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.", - "gouda": null, - "goudas": null, "gouge": "1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood. 2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve. 3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc. Knight. 4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the solid vein. Raymond. 5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge. 6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.] Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.\n\n1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.] Note: A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States. 3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]", "gouged": null, "gouger": "See Plum Gouger.", @@ -33009,8 +29372,6 @@ "gouging": null, "goulash": null, "goulashes": null, - "gould": null, - "gounod": null, "gourd": "1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order Cucurbitaceæ; and especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes. 2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer. Bitter gourd, colocynth.\n\nA false die. See Gord.\n\nA silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.", "gourde": "A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.", "gourdes": "A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.", @@ -33043,12 +29404,6 @@ "gowned": "Dressed in a gown; clad. Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape. Tennyson.", "gowning": null, "gowns": "1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military. He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. Dryden. (c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown. 2. Any sort of dress or garb. He comes . . . in the gown of humility. Shak.", - "goya": null, - "gp": null, - "gpa": null, - "gpo": null, - "gps": null, - "gpu": null, "gr": null, "grab": "A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.\n\nTo gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.\n\n1. A sudden grasp or seizure. 2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven. Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]", "grabbed": null, @@ -33058,21 +29413,16 @@ "grabbiest": null, "grabbing": null, "grabby": null, - "grable": null, "grabs": "A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.\n\nTo gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.\n\n1. A sudden grasp or seizure. 2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven. Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]", - "gracchus": null, "grace": "1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton. 2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor. And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6. My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9. Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20. By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand. Rom. v.2 3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery. 4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit. He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman. Shak. I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing. Blair. 6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form. Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else. Hazlitt. I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift. Longfellow. 7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse. The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore. The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior. 8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England. How fares your Grace ! Shak. 9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.] Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer. 10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal. 11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc. 12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton. 13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops. Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted. That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts. -- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said. The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing. -- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup. To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper. Encyc. Brit. -- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon. Content to do the profession some grace. Shak. -- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously. What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace. Macaulay. Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.\n\n1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify. Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope. We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor. He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court. Knolles. 3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall. 4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.", "graced": "Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak.", "graceful": "Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech. High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode. Dryden. -- Grace\"ful*ly, adv. Grace\"ful*ness, n.", "gracefully": null, "gracefulness": null, - "graceland": null, "graceless": "1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. \"In a graceless age.\" Milton. 2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Grace\"less*ly, adv. -- Grace\"less-ness, n.", "gracelessly": null, "gracelessness": null, "graces": "1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton. 2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor. And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6. My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9. Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20. By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand. Rom. v.2 3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery. 4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit. He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman. Shak. I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing. Blair. 6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form. Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else. Hazlitt. I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift. Longfellow. 7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse. The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore. The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior. 8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England. How fares your Grace ! Shak. 9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.] Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer. 10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal. 11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc. 12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton. 13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops. Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted. That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts. -- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said. The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing. -- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup. To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper. Encyc. Brit. -- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon. Content to do the profession some grace. Shak. -- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously. What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace. Macaulay. Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.\n\n1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify. Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope. We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor. He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court. Knolles. 3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall. 4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.", - "gracie": null, - "graciela": null, "gracing": null, "gracious": "1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty. A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Neh. ix. 17. So hallowed and so gracious in the time. Shak. 2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent. Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not such a gracious creature born. Shak. 3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as, gracious affections. Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.", "graciously": "1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden. 2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.", @@ -33106,8 +29456,6 @@ "graduating": null, "graduation": "1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc. 2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale. 3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.", "graduations": "1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc. 2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale. 3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.", - "grady": null, - "graffias": null, "graffiti": "Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.", "graffito": "Production of decorative designs by scratching them through a surface of layer plaster, glazing, etc., revealing a different- colored ground; also, pottery or ware so decorated; -- chiefly used attributively.", "graft": "(a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.\n\n1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.] 2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union. 3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union. And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope. 4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.\n\nTo insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.", @@ -33115,10 +29463,8 @@ "grafter": "1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting. 2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated. 3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak.", "grafters": "1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting. 2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated. 3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak.", "grafting": "The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc. 3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty. 4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another. Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. -- Crown, or Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. -- Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. -- Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. -- Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. -- Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.", - "grafton": null, "grafts": "(a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.\n\n1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.] 2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union. 3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union. And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope. 4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.\n\nTo insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.", "graham": null, - "grahame": null, "grahams": null, "grail": "A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual. [Obs.] T. Warton. Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc. Strype.\n\nA broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy Grail. Note: The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.\n\nSmall particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.] Lying down upon the sandy grail. Spenser.\n\nOne of the small feathers of a hawk.", "grain": "See Groan. [Obs.]\n\n1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food. 2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used collectively. Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak. 3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc. I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton. 4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram. 5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple. All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton. Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain. Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection. 6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain. Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden. 7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc. Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak. 8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material. 9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight. 10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff. 11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a., 4. 12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.] Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward. 13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.] He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer. Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect. -- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth (Zoöl.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineidæ (as Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larvæ devour grain in storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain weevil (Zoöl.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. \"Anguish in grain.\" Herbert.-- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye. The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in grain. Spenser. -- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.\n\n1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc. 2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains. 3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).\n\n1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.\n\n1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas. 2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points. 3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc. 4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.", @@ -33135,15 +29481,12 @@ "grammars": "1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing. Note: The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. Bain. 2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar. The original bad grammar and bad spelling. Macaulay. 3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing. 4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography. Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. -- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States. When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University. Mass. Records (1647). (b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.\n\nTo discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "grammatical": "1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule. 2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical. -- Gram*mat\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat\"ic*al*ness, n.", "grammatically": null, - "grammy": null, "gramophone": "An instrument for recording, preserving, and reproducing sounds, the record being a tracing of a phonautograph etched in some solid material. Reproduction is accomplished by means of a system attached to an elastic diaphragm.", "gramophones": "An instrument for recording, preserving, and reproducing sounds, the record being a tracing of a phonautograph etched in some solid material. Reproduction is accomplished by means of a system attached to an elastic diaphragm.", - "grampians": null, "grampus": "1. (Zoöl.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii. 2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]", "grampuses": null, "grams": "Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane.\n\nThe East Indian name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.\n\nThe unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4. Gram degree, or Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.", "gran": null, - "granada": null, "granaries": null, "granary": "A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain. The exhaustless granary of a world. Thomson.", "grand": "1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. \"Our grand foe, Satan.\" Milton. Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. Shak. 2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception. They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters of the grand style. M. Arnold. 3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc. 4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc. What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. Milton. Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zoöl.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand-guard, or Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also grand inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders. -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc. -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. -- Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier. Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. \"Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question.\" Crabb.", @@ -33340,7 +29683,6 @@ "grayish": "Somewhat gray.", "grayness": "The quality of being gray.", "grays": "1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove. These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks. Sir I. Newton. 2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary. 3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames. Gray antimony (Min.), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zoöl.), the chickara. -- Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite. -- Gray duck (Zoöl.), the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard. -- Gray falcon (Zoöl.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar. -- Gray hen (Zoöl.), the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum; gromwell. -- Gray mullet (Zoöl.) any one of the numerous species of the genus Mugil, or family Mugilidæ, found both in the Old World and America; as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M. Braziliensis). See Mullet. -- Gray owl (Zoöl.), the European tawny or brown owl (Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic America. -- Gray parrot (Zoöl.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike. (Zoöl.) See Sauger. -- Gray snapper (Zoöl.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper. -- Gray snipe (Zoöl.), the dowitcher in winter plumage. -- Gray whale (Zoöl.), a rather large and swift California whale (Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.\n\n1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint. 2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon. Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my gallant gray. Sir W. Scott.", - "grayslake": null, "graze": "1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for. A field or two to graze his cows. Swift. 2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse. The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope. 3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing. When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak. 4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.\n\n1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows. 2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose. Bacon. 3. To touch something lightly in passing.\n\n1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.] Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes. 2. A light touch; a slight scratch.", "grazed": null, "grazer": "One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage. The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want. J. Philips.", @@ -33370,23 +29712,17 @@ "greats": "1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length. 2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc. 3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval. 4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings. 5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc. 6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc. He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak. 7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle. 8. Pregnant; big (with young). The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71. 9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain. We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak. 10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office. -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.\n\nThe whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.", "grebe": "One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.", "grebes": "One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.", - "grecian": "Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.\n\n1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek. 2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1. Note: The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version. 6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.", - "greece": "See Gree a step. [Obs.]", "greed": "An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.", "greedier": null, "greediest": null, "greedily": ", adv. In a greedy manner.", "greediness": "The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire. Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak. Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.", "greedy": "1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey. 2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.", - "greek": "Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.\n\n1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece. 2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang] Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev. 3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]", - "greeks": "Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.\n\n1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece. 2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang] Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev. 3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]", - "greeley": null, "green": "1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald. 2. Having a sickly color; wan. To look so green and pale. Shak. 3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound. As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke. 4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc. 5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.] We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts. 6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment. I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott. 7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Arisæma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennæ. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodioei, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. æstivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.\n\n1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue. 2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green. O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton. 3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural. In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope. 4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food. 5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green.-- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; - - called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. -- Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.\n\nTo make green. Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.\n\nTo become or grow green. Tennyson. By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.", "greenback": "One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.", "greenbacks": "One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.", "greenbelt": null, "greenbelts": null, - "greene": null, "greened": null, "greener": null, "greenery": "Green plants; verdure. A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery. J. Ingelow.", @@ -33404,24 +29740,15 @@ "greenhouses": "A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.", "greening": "A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.", "greenish": "Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. -- Green\"ish*ness, n.", - "greenland": null, - "greenlandic": null, "greenly": "With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of a green color. [Obs.]", "greenmail": null, "greenness": "1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow. 2. Freshness; vigor; newness. 3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.", - "greenpeace": null, "greenroom": "The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.", "greenrooms": "The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.", "greens": "1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald. 2. Having a sickly color; wan. To look so green and pale. Shak. 3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound. As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke. 4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc. 5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.] We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts. 6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment. I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott. 7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Arisæma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennæ. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodioei, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. æstivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.\n\n1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue. 2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green. O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton. 3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural. In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope. 4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food. 5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green.-- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; - - called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. -- Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.\n\nTo make green. Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.\n\nTo become or grow green. Tennyson. By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.", - "greensboro": null, - "greensleeves": null, - "greenspan": null, "greenstone": "A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.", "greensward": "Turf green with grass.", - "greenville": null, - "greenwich": null, "greenwood": "A forest as it appears is spring and summer.\n\nPertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.", - "greer": null, "greet": "Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.\n\nMourning. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token. My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak. 2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad. In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison. 3. To accost; to address. Pope.\n\nTo meet and give salutations. There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace. Shak.\n\nGreeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.", "greeted": null, "greeter": "One who greets or salutes another.\n\nOne who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]", @@ -33429,38 +29756,21 @@ "greeting": "Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent. Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak. Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.", "greetings": "Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent. Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak. Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.", "greets": "Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.\n\nMourning. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token. My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak. 2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad. In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison. 3. To accost; to address. Pope.\n\nTo meet and give salutations. There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace. Shak.\n\nGreeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.", - "greg": null, "gregarious": "Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke. No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray. -- Gre*ga\"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.", "gregariously": null, "gregariousness": null, - "gregg": null, - "gregorian": "Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called \"the Great\") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.", - "gregorio": null, - "gregory": null, "gremlin": null, "gremlins": null, - "grenada": null, "grenade": "A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.", "grenades": "A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.", - "grenadian": null, - "grenadians": null, "grenadier": "1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc. 2. (Zoöl.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish. 3. (Zoöl.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.", "grenadiers": "1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc. 2. (Zoöl.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish. 3. (Zoöl.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.", "grenadine": "1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear. 2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.", - "grenadines": "1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear. 2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.", - "grendel": null, - "grenoble": null, "grep": null, "grepped": null, "grepping": null, "greps": null, - "gresham": null, - "greta": null, - "gretchen": null, - "gretel": null, - "gretzky": null, "grew": "imp. of Grow.", - "grey": "See Gray (the correct orthography).", "greyhound": "A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]", "greyhounds": "A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]", "gribble": "A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.", @@ -33478,7 +29788,6 @@ "grids": "A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.", "grief": "1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison. 2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak. 3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.] This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. \"Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value.\" Cogan.See Affliction.", "griefs": "1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison. 2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak. 3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.] This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. \"Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value.\" Cogan.See Affliction.", - "grieg": null, "grievance": "1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury. 2. Grieving; grief; affliction. The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton. Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.", "grievances": "1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury. 2. Grieving; grief; affliction. The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton. Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.", "grieve": "A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.] Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try. Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30. The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper, 2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]\n\nTo feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over. Do not you grieve at this. Shak.", @@ -33492,7 +29801,6 @@ "grievousness": null, "griffin": "An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley.\n\n1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art. 2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge. 3. (Zoöl.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the \"eagle\" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.] 4. An English early apple.", "griffins": "An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley.\n\n1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art. 2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge. 3. (Zoöl.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the \"eagle\" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.] 4. An English early apple.", - "griffith": null, "griffon": "1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art. 2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge. 3. (Zoöl.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the \"eagle\" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.] 4. An English early apple.", "griffons": "1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art. 2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge. 3. (Zoöl.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the \"eagle\" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.] 4. An English early apple.", "grill": "1. A gridiron. [They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton. 2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.\n\n1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons. Marvell. 2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.", @@ -33515,13 +29823,11 @@ "griminess": "The state of being grimy.", "griming": null, "grimly": "Grim; hideous; stern. [R.] In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D. Mallet.\n\nIn a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.", - "grimm": null, "grimmer": null, "grimmest": null, "grimness": "Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.", "grimy": "Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.", "grin": "A snare; a gin. [Obs.] Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.\n\n1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl. 2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain. The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.\n\nTo express by grinning. Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.\n\nThe act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile. I.Watts. He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.", - "grinch": null, "grind": "1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones. Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2. 2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc. 3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass. To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden. 4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]\n\n1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones. Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton. 2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well. 3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge. 4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate. 5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.\n\n1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction. 2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes. 3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]", "grinder": "1. One who, or that which, grinds. 2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar. 3. (Zoöl.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.", "grinders": "1. One who, or that which, grinds. 2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar. 3. (Zoöl.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.", @@ -33548,7 +29854,6 @@ "grippers": "1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes. 2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.", "gripping": null, "grips": "The griffin. [Obs.]\n\nA small ditch or furrow. Ray.\n\nTo trench; to drain.\n\n1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping. 2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip. 3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword. 4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.\n\nTo give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.", - "gris": "Gray. [R.] Chaucer.\n\nA costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.", "grislier": null, "grisliest": null, "grisliness": "The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.", @@ -33600,7 +29905,6 @@ "groks": null, "grommet": "1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet. 2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.", "grommets": "1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet. 2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.", - "gromyko": null, "groom": "1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser. 2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole. 3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.\n\nTo tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.", "groomed": null, "groomer": "One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.", @@ -33622,7 +29926,6 @@ "gropers": "One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.", "gropes": "1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.] 2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10. To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster.\n\n1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight. 2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer. Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).", "groping": null, - "gropius": null, "grosbeak": "One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris. Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).", "grosbeaks": "One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris. Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).", "grosgrain": "Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.", @@ -33634,12 +29937,10 @@ "grossing": null, "grossly": "In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.", "grossness": "The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness. Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.", - "grosz": null, "grotesque": "Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. \"Grotesque design.\" Dryden. \"Grotesque incidents.\" Macaulay.\n\n1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden. 2. Artificial grotto-work.", "grotesquely": "In a grotesque manner.", "grotesqueness": "Quality of being grotesque.", "grotesques": "Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. \"Grotesque design.\" Dryden. \"Grotesque incidents.\" Macaulay.\n\n1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden. 2. Artificial grotto-work.", - "grotius": null, "grottier": null, "grottiest": null, "grotto": "A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.", @@ -33710,7 +30011,6 @@ "grovelled": null, "grovelling": null, "grovels": "1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl. To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden. 2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.", - "grover": null, "groves": "The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent. Note: The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended.", "grow": "1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs. 2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles. Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak. 3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries. Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower. 4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale. For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron. 5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere. Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak. Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from. These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton. -- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells. Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.\n\nTo cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay. Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.", "grower": "One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.", @@ -33728,7 +30028,6 @@ "grows": "1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs. 2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles. Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak. 3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries. Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower. 4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale. For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron. 5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere. Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak. Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from. These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton. -- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells. Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.\n\nTo cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay. Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.", "growth": "1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak. 2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result. Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.", "growths": "1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak. 2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result. Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.", - "grozny": null, "grub": "1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging. 2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.\n\n1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge. They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare. 2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith. Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak. 2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew. 3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax or axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as \"much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet.\" As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street. I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.", "grubbed": null, "grubber": "One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.", @@ -33769,7 +30068,6 @@ "grumbles": "1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner. L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior. 2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey. 3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.\n\nTo express or utter with grumbling.\n\n1. The noise of one that grumbles. 2. A grumbling, discontented disposition. A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.", "grumbling": null, "grumblings": null, - "grumman": null, "grump": null, "grumpier": null, "grumpiest": null, @@ -33777,8 +30075,6 @@ "grumpiness": null, "grumps": null, "grumpy": "Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.", - "grundy": null, - "grunewald": null, "grunge": null, "grunges": null, "grungier": null, @@ -33790,28 +30086,11 @@ "grunted": null, "grunting": null, "grunts": "To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound. Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak. Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak.\n\n1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus Hæmulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A. Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.", - "grus": null, - "gruyere": null, - "gruyeres": null, "gs": "1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246. Note: The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C. 2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.", - "gsa": null, "gt": null, - "gte": null, - "gu": null, "guacamole": null, - "guadalajara": null, - "guadalcanal": null, - "guadalquivir": null, - "guadalupe": null, - "guadeloupe": null, - "guallatiri": null, - "guam": null, - "guamanian": null, - "guangdong": null, - "guangzhou": null, "guanine": null, "guano": "A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.", - "guantanamo": null, "guarani": null, "guaranis": null, "guarantee": "1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty. His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay. 2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor. South. Note: Guarantor is the correct form in this sense. 3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of guarantor. Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.\n\nIn law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a treaty. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S.", @@ -33842,21 +30121,9 @@ "guards": "A body of picked troops; as, \"The Household Guards.\"", "guardsman": "1. One who guards; a guard. 2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.", "guardsmen": null, - "guarnieri": null, - "guatemala": null, - "guatemalan": null, - "guatemalans": null, "guava": "A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.", "guavas": "A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.", - "guayama": null, - "guayaquil": null, "gubernatorial": "Pertaining to a governor, or to government.", - "gucci": null, - "guelph": "One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.", - "guernsey": null, - "guernseys": null, - "guerra": null, - "guerrero": null, "guerrilla": "1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war. 2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time. Note: The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.\n\nPertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.", "guerrillas": "1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war. 2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time. Note: The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.\n\nPertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.", "guess": "1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture. First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope. 2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive. We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton. Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan enemies I guess. Dryden. 3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs. 4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.] Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak. 5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an objective clause. Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways. Shak. But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope. Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.\n\nTo make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton.\n\nAn opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise. A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess. Dryden.", @@ -33881,15 +30148,11 @@ "guestroom": null, "guestrooms": null, "guests": "1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay. To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser. True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.\n\nTo receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.\n\nTo be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.] And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late. Chapman.", - "guevara": null, "guff": null, "guffaw": "A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. \"A hearty low guffaw.\" Carlyle.", "guffawed": null, "guffawing": null, "guffaws": "A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. \"A hearty low guffaw.\" Carlyle.", - "guggenheim": null, - "gui": null, - "guiana": null, "guidance": "The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading. His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay.", "guide": "1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler. I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak. 2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train. He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5. The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.\n\n1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook. 2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator. He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14. 3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting. 4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.", "guidebook": "A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.", @@ -33903,7 +30166,6 @@ "guiders": "A guide; a director. Shak.", "guides": "1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler. I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak. 2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train. He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5. The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.\n\n1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook. 2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator. He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14. 3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting. 4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.", "guiding": null, - "guido": null, "guild": "1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority. 2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.", "guilder": "A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.", "guilders": "A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.", @@ -33917,7 +30179,6 @@ "guilelessness": null, "guillemot": "One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers. Note: The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.", "guillemots": "One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers. Note: The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.", - "guillermo": null, "guillotine": "1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim. 2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.\n\nTo behead with the guillotine.", "guillotined": null, "guillotines": "1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim. 2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.\n\nTo behead with the guillotine.", @@ -33930,23 +30191,13 @@ "guiltless": "1. Free from guilt; innocent. The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7. 2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with). Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had formed. Milton. -- Guilt\"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt\"less*ness, n.", "guilty": "1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment. They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66. Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden. 2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling. 3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.", "guinea": "1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named. 2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton. Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.-- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoöl.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order Anonaceæ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper Æthiopicum. --Guinea pig. Note: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zoöl.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black. (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett. -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order Chrysobalaneæ, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zoöl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.", - "guinean": null, - "guineans": null, "guineas": "1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named. 2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton. Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.-- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoöl.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order Anonaceæ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper Æthiopicum. --Guinea pig. Note: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zoöl.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black. (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett. -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order Chrysobalaneæ, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zoöl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.", - "guinevere": null, - "guinness": null, "guise": "1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer. The swain replied, \"It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise.\" Pope. 2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape. As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser. A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke. 3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.", "guises": "1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer. The swain replied, \"It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise.\" Pope. 2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape. As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser. A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke. 3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.", "guitar": "A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.", "guitarist": null, "guitarists": null, "guitars": "A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.", - "guiyang": null, - "guizhou": null, - "guizot": null, - "gujarat": null, - "gujarati": null, - "gujranwala": null, "gulag": null, "gulags": null, "gulch": "1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.] 2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.\n\nTo swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]", @@ -33954,10 +30205,8 @@ "gulden": "See Guilder.", "guldens": "See Guilder.", "gulf": "1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton. Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26. 2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak. 3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. Shak. A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson. 4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico. 5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode. Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic. Note: It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.", - "gulfport": null, "gulfs": "1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton. Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26. 2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak. 3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. Shak. A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson. 4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico. 5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode. Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic. Note: It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.", "gull": "To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud. The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden. I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge.\n\n1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak. 2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.\n\nOne of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera. Note: Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus. Gull teaser (Zoöl.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.", - "gullah": null, "gulled": null, "gullet": "1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus. 2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.", "gullets": "1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus. 2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.", @@ -33965,7 +30214,6 @@ "gullible": "Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- Gul\"li*bii`i*ty, n. Burke.", "gullies": null, "gulling": null, - "gulliver": null, "gulls": "To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud. The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden. I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge.\n\n1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak. 2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.\n\nOne of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera. Note: Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus. Gull teaser (Zoöl.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.", "gully": "A large knife. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry. 2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.] Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening through which gutters discharge surface water.\n\nTo wear into a gully or into gullies.\n\nTo flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.", "gulp": "To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow. He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. Cowper. The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative. Fielding. To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.\n\n1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once. 2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]", @@ -33977,7 +30225,6 @@ "gum": "The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.\n\nTo deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See Gummer.\n\n1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins. 2. (Bot.) See Gum tree, below. 3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.] 4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. -- Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (Xanlhorrhoea). -- Gum animal (Zoöl.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or animé. See Animé. -- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B. superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac. -- Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (Amygdalaceæ, Cactaceæ, etc.), and affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoniä) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales.\n\nTo smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance. He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.\n\nTo exude or from gum; to become gummy.", "gumball": null, "gumballs": null, - "gumbel": null, "gumbo": "1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup. 2. The okra plant or its pods.", "gumboil": "A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.", "gumboils": "A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.", @@ -34036,23 +30283,18 @@ "gunslingers": null, "gunsmith": "One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.\n\nThe art or business of a gunsmith.", "gunsmiths": "One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.\n\nThe art or business of a gunsmith.", - "gunther": null, "gunwale": "The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]", "gunwales": "The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]", - "guofeng": null, "guppies": null, "guppy": null, - "gupta": null, "gurgle": "To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race. Young.\n\nThe act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. \"Tinkling gurgles.\" W. Thompson.", "gurgled": null, "gurgles": "To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race. Young.\n\nThe act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. \"Tinkling gurgles.\" W. Thompson.", "gurgling": null, - "gurkha": null, "gurney": null, "gurneys": null, "guru": "A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom.", "gurus": "A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom.", - "gus": null, "gush": "1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously. He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20. A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser. 2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from a bird. The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron. 2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]", "gushed": null, "gusher": "One who gushes. [Colloq.]", @@ -34073,9 +30315,6 @@ "gussying": null, "gust": "1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw. Milton. 2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.\n\n1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto. An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite. Jer. Taylor. 2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment. Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope. 3. Intellectual taste; fancy. A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients. Dryden.\n\nTo taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]", "gustatory": "Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.", - "gustav": null, - "gustavo": null, - "gustavus": null, "gusted": null, "gustier": null, "gustiest": null, @@ -34085,9 +30324,6 @@ "gusts": "1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw. Milton. 2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.\n\n1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto. An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite. Jer. Taylor. 2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment. Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope. 3. Intellectual taste; fancy. A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients. Dryden.\n\nTo taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]", "gusty": "Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous. Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak.", "gut": "1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso. 2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails. 3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut. 4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line. Blind gut. See CÆcum, n. (b).\n\n1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate. 2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse. Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.", - "gutenberg": null, - "guthrie": null, - "gutierrez": null, "gutless": null, "gutlessness": null, "guts": "1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso. 2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails. 3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut. 4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line. Blind gut. See CÆcum, n. (b).\n\n1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate. 2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse. Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.", @@ -34112,23 +30348,15 @@ "guvnors": null, "guvs": null, "guy": "A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.\n\nTo steady or guide with a guy.\n\n1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot. The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert. 2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.\n\nTo fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]", - "guyana": null, - "guyanese": null, "guyed": null, "guying": null, "guys": "A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.\n\nTo steady or guide with a guy.\n\n1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot. The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert. 2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.\n\nTo fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]", - "guzman": null, "guzzle": "To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently. Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton. Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon. To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.\n\nTo swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.\n\nAn insatiable thing or person. That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.", "guzzled": null, "guzzler": "An immoderate drinker.", "guzzlers": "An immoderate drinker.", "guzzles": "To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently. Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton. Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon. To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.\n\nTo swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.\n\nAn insatiable thing or person. That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.", "guzzling": null, - "gwalior": null, - "gwen": null, - "gwendoline": null, - "gwendolyn": null, - "gwyn": null, "gym": null, "gymkhana": null, "gymkhanas": null, @@ -34181,9 +30409,6 @@ "gyving": null, "h": "the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8. Note: The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. ê. The Greek H is from Phoenician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. csata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.\n\nThe seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.", "ha": "An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to \"Well, it is so.\" Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.", - "haas": null, - "habakkuk": null, - "haber": null, "haberdasher": "1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne. 2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.", "haberdasheries": null, "haberdashers": "1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne. 2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.", @@ -34229,22 +30454,14 @@ "hacktivists": null, "hackwork": null, "had": "See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better. And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ). Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.] Fabian. For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer. Note: Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found. Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak. You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl. Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak. I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer. I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak. I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10.", - "hadar": null, "haddock": "A marine food fish (Melanogrammus æglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish.", "haddocks": "A marine food fish (Melanogrammus æglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish.", - "hades": "The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave. And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ). Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.). And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).", "hadith": null, - "hadoop": null, - "hadrian": null, "hadst": null, - "hafiz": null, "hafnium": null, "haft": "1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt. This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden. 2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.\n\nTo set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.", "hafts": "1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt. This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden. 2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.\n\nTo set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.", "hag": "1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] \"[Silenus] that old hag.\" Golding. 2. An ugly old woman. 3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw. 4. (Zoöl.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken. 5. (Zoöl.) The hagdon or shearwater. 6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.\n\nTo harass; to weary with vexation. How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange.\n\n1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled. This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax. 2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.", - "hagar": null, - "hagerstown": null, - "haggai": null, "haggard": "1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak 2. Etym: [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes. Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden.\n\n1. (Falconry) A young or untrained hawk or falcon. 2. A fierce, intractable creature. I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak. 3. Etym: [See Haggard, a., 2.] A hag. [Obs.] Garth.\n\nA stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.", "haggardly": "In a haggard manner. Dryden.", "haggardness": null, @@ -34257,18 +30474,12 @@ "hagglers": "1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining. 2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.", "haggles": "To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood. Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped. Shak.\n\nTo be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle. Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole.\n\nThe act or process of haggling. Carlyle.", "haggling": null, - "hagiographa": "1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles. 2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the saints. Brande & C.", "hagiographer": "One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.", "hagiographers": "One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.", "hagiographies": null, "hagiography": "Same Hagiographa.", "hags": "1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] \"[Silenus] that old hag.\" Golding. 2. An ugly old woman. 3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw. 4. (Zoöl.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken. 5. (Zoöl.) The hagdon or shearwater. 6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.\n\nTo harass; to weary with vexation. How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange.\n\n1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled. This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax. 2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.", - "hague": null, - "hahn": null, "hahnium": null, - "haida": null, - "haidas": null, - "haifa": null, "haiku": null, "hail": "Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky. Milton.\n\nTo pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.\n\nTo pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.\n\nHealthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).\n\n1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address. 2. To name; to designate; to call. And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton.\n\n1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York. 2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine.\n\nAn exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. \"Hail, brave friend.\" Shak. All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria.\n\nA wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. \"Their puissant hail.\" M. Arnold. The angel hail bestowed. Milton.", "hailed": null, @@ -34278,8 +30489,6 @@ "hailstones": "A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.", "hailstorm": "A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.", "hailstorms": "A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.", - "hainan": null, - "haiphong": null, "hair": "1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body. 2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin. Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer. And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser. 3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions. 4. (Zoöl.) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth. 5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar). 6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm. 7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer. 8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth. Note: Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] \"You go against the hair of your professions.\" Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zoöl.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. -- Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zoöl.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.", "hairball": null, "hairballs": null, @@ -34330,9 +30539,6 @@ "hairstylist": null, "hairstylists": null, "hairy": "Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute. His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton.", - "haiti": null, - "haitian": "See Haytian.", - "haitians": "See Haytian.", "haj": null, "hajj": null, "hajjes": null, @@ -34340,21 +30546,15 @@ "hajjis": null, "hake": "A drying shed, as for unburned tile.\n\nOne of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.\n\nTo loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.] HAKE'S-DAME Hake's\"-dame`, n. See Forkbeard.", "hakes": "A drying shed, as for unburned tile.\n\nOne of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.\n\nTo loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.] HAKE'S-DAME Hake's\"-dame`, n. See Forkbeard.", - "hakka": null, - "hakluyt": null, - "hal": null, "halal": null, "halberd": "An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.]", "halberds": "An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.]", "halcyon": "A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia. Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea. Dryden.\n\n1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice. 2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. \"Deep, halcyon repose.\" De Quincy.", - "haldane": null, "hale": "Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body. Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift.\n\nWelfare. [Obs.] All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser.\n\nEtym: [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer. Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton. As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley.", - "haleakala": null, "haled": null, "haler": null, "hales": "Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body. Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift.\n\nWelfare. [Obs.] All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser.\n\nEtym: [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer. Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton. As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley.", "halest": null, - "haley": null, "half": "1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view. Note: The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound. 2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge. Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson. Half ape (Zoöl.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch. -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.\n\nIn an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. \"Half loth and half consenting.\" Dryden. Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24\n\n1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif. The four halves of the house. Chaucer. 2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple. Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton. A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson. Better half. See under Better. -- In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in or into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, or On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two.\n\nTo halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.", "halfback": null, "halfbacks": null, @@ -34373,16 +30573,12 @@ "halfwits": null, "halibut": "A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectidæ. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]", "halibuts": "A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectidæ. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]", - "halifax": null, "haling": null, "halite": "Native salt; sodium chloride.", "halitosis": null, "hall": "1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London. 2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment. Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer. Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building. 3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell. 4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college). 5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock. 6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] \"A hall! a hall!\" B. Jonson. Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.", "hallelujah": "Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton. In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,\"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs.\" Sharp.", "hallelujahs": "Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton. In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,\"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs.\" Sharp.", - "halley": null, - "halliburton": null, - "hallie": null, "hallmark": null, "hallmarked": null, "hallmarking": null, @@ -34392,12 +30588,9 @@ "halloos": "A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout. List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton.\n\nTo cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo. Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney.\n\n1. To encourage with shouts. Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior. 2. To chase with shouts or outcries. If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak. 3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.\n\nAn exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.", "hallow": "To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. \"Hallowed be thy name.\" Matt. vi. 9. Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24. His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton. In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln.", "hallowed": null, - "halloween": "The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.] Burns.", - "halloweens": "The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.] Burns.", "hallowing": null, "hallows": "To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. \"Hallowed be thy name.\" Matt. vi. 9. Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24. His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton. In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln.", "halls": "1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London. 2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment. Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer. Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building. 3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell. 4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college). 5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock. 6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] \"A hall! a hall!\" B. Jonson. Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.", - "hallstatt": "Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt civilization. -- Hallstatt, or Hallstattian, civilization, a prehistoric civilization of central Europe, variously dated at from 1000 to 1500 b. c. and usually associated with the Celtic or Alpine race. It was characterized by expert use of bronze, a knowledge of iron, possession of domestic animals, agriculture, and artistic skill and sentiment in manufacturing pottery, ornaments, etc. The Hallstattian civilization flourished chiefly in Carinthia, southern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Silesia, Bosnia, the southeast of France, and southern Italy. J. Deniker. -- H. epoch, the first iron age, represented by the Hallstatt civilization.", "hallucinate": "To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron.", "hallucinated": null, "hallucinates": "To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron.", @@ -34418,8 +30611,6 @@ "haloing": null, "halon": null, "halos": "1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions. 2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus. 3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object. 4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.\n\nTo form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo. The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey.", - "hals": "The neck or throat. [Obs.] Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer.", - "halsey": null, "halt": "3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress. Without any halt they marched. Clarendon. [Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt. Davenant.\n\n1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still. 2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h How long halt ye between two opinions 1 Kings xviii. 21\n\nTo cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment.\n\nHalting or stopping in walking; lame. Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv. 21.\n\nThe act of limping; lameness.\n\n1. To walk lamely; to limp. 2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective. The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak.", "halted": null, "halter": "One who halts or limps\n\nA strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak. No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. Trumbull.\n\nTo tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. \"A haltered neck.\" Shak.", @@ -34438,21 +30629,12 @@ "halyard": null, "halyards": null, "ham": "Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.\n\n1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock. 2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking. A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak.", - "haman": null, "hamburg": "A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.", "hamburger": null, "hamburgers": null, "hamburgs": "A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.", - "hamhung": null, - "hamilcar": null, - "hamill": null, - "hamilton": null, - "hamiltonian": null, - "hamitic": "Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Somâli Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson.", "hamlet": "A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden. Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.", "hamlets": "A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden. Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.", - "hamlin": null, - "hammarskjold": null, "hammed": null, "hammer": "1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. 2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies. He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the \"massive iron hammers\" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman. Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zoöl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.\n\n1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron. 2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. \"Hammered money.\" Dryden. 3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out. Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry.\n\n1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak. 2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak.", "hammered": null, @@ -34465,24 +30647,18 @@ "hammerlock": null, "hammerlocks": null, "hammers": "1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. 2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies. He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the \"massive iron hammers\" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman. Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zoöl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.\n\n1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron. 2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. \"Hammered money.\" Dryden. 3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out. Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry.\n\n1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak. 2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak.", - "hammerstein": null, "hammertoe": null, "hammertoes": null, - "hammett": null, "hammier": null, "hammiest": null, "hamming": null, "hammock": "1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends. 2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.", "hammocks": "1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends. 2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.", - "hammond": null, - "hammurabi": null, "hammy": null, "hamper": "A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.\n\nTo put in a hamper.\n\nTo put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. \"Hampered nerves.\" Blackmore. A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson.\n\n1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne. 2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.", "hampered": null, "hampering": null, "hampers": "A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.\n\nTo put in a hamper.\n\nTo put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. \"Hampered nerves.\" Blackmore. A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson.\n\n1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne. 2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.", - "hampshire": null, - "hampton": null, "hams": "Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.\n\n1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock. 2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking. A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak.", "hamster": "A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.", "hamsters": "A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.", @@ -34490,9 +30666,6 @@ "hamstringing": null, "hamstrings": "One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.\n\nTo lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Milton.", "hamstrung": null, - "hamsun": null, - "han": "To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer.", - "hancock": null, "hand": "1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus. 2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock. 3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses. 4. Side; part; direction, either right or left. On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15. The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton. 5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity. He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison. 6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance. To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon. Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi. 36. 7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking. A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke. I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt. 8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand. Hence, a signature. I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand. Shak. Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril. 9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural. \"Receiving in hand one year's tribute.\" Knolles. Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of Britain. Milton. 10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new. 11. Rate; price. [Obs.] \"Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch.\" Bacon. 12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together. 13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim. Note: Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. \"His hand will be against every man.\" Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. \"With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you.\" Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand. Note: Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand- blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, or Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. \"And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility.\" Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. \"Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet.\" Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] \"Horses hot at hand.\" Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. \"Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil\" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. \"He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger.\" Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable. As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak. -- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. -- Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid down. \"A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter.\" Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. \"Revels . . . in hand.\" Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand or hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. \"She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand.\" Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and glove, or in glove with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.] Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter. -- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, or get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. \"The work is made to his hands.\" Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, or put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. -- To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last, or finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake. That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20. -- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.\n\n1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter. 2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage. 3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior. 4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak. 5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.] 6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.\n\nTo coöperate. [Obs.] Massinger.", "handbag": null, "handbags": null, @@ -34522,7 +30695,6 @@ "handcuffs": "A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.\n\nTo apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).", "handed": "1. With hands joined; hand in hand. Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton. 2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand. As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak. Note: Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left- handed; single-handed.", "handedness": null, - "handel": null, "handful": "1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison. 2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.] Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon. 3. A small quantity. This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller. To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.] They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh.", "handfuls": "1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison. 2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.] Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon. 3. A small quantity. This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller. To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.] They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh.", "handgun": null, @@ -34595,8 +30767,6 @@ "handy": "1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.] To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton. 2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. \"Each is handy in his way.\" Dryden. 3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume. 4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.", "handyman": null, "handymen": null, - "haney": null, - "hanford": null, "hang": "1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner. 2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc. 3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.] 4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer. 5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc. Hung be the heavens with black. Shak. And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden. 6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room. 7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame. Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton. To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.\n\n1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay. 2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension. 3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] \"Sir Balaam hangs.\" Pope. 4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. \"Two infants hanging on her neck.\" Peacham. 5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight. Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison. 6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country. 7. To lean or incline; to incline downward. To decide which way hung the victory. Milton. His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope. 8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds. 9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed. A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton. To hang around, to loiter idly about. -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. \"If any one among you hangs back.\" Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.] (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. \"We are all of a piece; we hang together.\" Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.\n\n1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe. 2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.] 3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]", "hangar": null, "hangars": null, @@ -34615,10 +30785,8 @@ "hangover": null, "hangovers": null, "hangs": "1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner. 2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc. 3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.] 4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer. 5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc. Hung be the heavens with black. Shak. And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden. 6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room. 7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame. Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton. To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.\n\n1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay. 2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension. 3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] \"Sir Balaam hangs.\" Pope. 4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. \"Two infants hanging on her neck.\" Peacham. 5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight. Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison. 6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country. 7. To lean or incline; to incline downward. To decide which way hung the victory. Milton. His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope. 8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds. 9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed. A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton. To hang around, to loiter idly about. -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. \"If any one among you hangs back.\" Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.] (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. \"We are all of a piece; we hang together.\" Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.\n\n1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe. 2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.] 3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]", - "hangul": null, "hangup": null, "hangups": null, - "hangzhou": null, "hank": "1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together. 2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.] 3. Hold; influence. When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson. 4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.\n\n1. Etym: [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. To form into hanks.", "hanker": "1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison. He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds. 2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.", "hankered": null, @@ -34628,21 +30796,8 @@ "hankie": null, "hankies": null, "hanks": "1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together. 2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.] 3. Hold; influence. When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson. 4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.\n\n1. Etym: [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. To form into hanks.", - "hanna": null, - "hannah": null, - "hannibal": null, - "hanoi": null, - "hanover": null, - "hanoverian": "Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.\n\nA native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.", - "hans": "To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer.", - "hansel": "See Handsel.", - "hansen": null, "hansom": "A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top. He hailed a cruising hansom . . . \" 'Tis the gondola of London,\" said Lothair. Beaconsfield. HAN'T; HAIN'T Han't. A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.", "hansoms": "A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top. He hailed a cruising hansom . . . \" 'Tis the gondola of London,\" said Lothair. Beaconsfield. HAN'T; HAIN'T Han't. A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.", - "hanson": null, - "hanuka": null, - "hanukkah": "The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas Maccabæus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165 b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59). The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days (beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December), and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the Jews.", - "hanukkahs": "The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas Maccabæus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165 b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59). The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days (beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December), and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the Jews.", "hap": "To clothe; to wrap. The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown.\n\nA cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nThat which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer. Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser. Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps. Sir P. Sidney. Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. Shak.\n\nTo happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer. Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak. HA'PENNY; HAP'PENNY Hap'\"pen*ny, n. A half-penny.", "haphazard": "Extra hazard; chance; accident; random. We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke.", "haphazardly": null, @@ -34665,13 +30820,11 @@ "happily": "1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily. Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller. 3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife. 4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success. Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope. Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.", "happiness": "1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity. All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak. 2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness. 3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language. Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care. Pope. Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven. O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope. Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton. His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak.", "happy": "1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen. Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle. 2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts. Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15. The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope. 3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous. One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift. Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. \"Happy-go-lucky carelessness.\" W. Black.", - "hapsburg": null, "haptic": null, "harangue": "A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton. Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.\n\nTo make an harangue; to declaim.\n\nTo address by an harangue.", "harangued": null, "harangues": "A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton. Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.\n\nTo make an harangue; to declaim.\n\nTo address by an harangue.", "haranguing": null, - "harare": null, "harass": "To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out. [Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon. Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison. Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson. Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.\n\n1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.", "harassed": null, "harasser": "One who harasses.", @@ -34679,7 +30832,6 @@ "harasses": null, "harassing": null, "harassment": "The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety. Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton.", - "harbin": null, "harbinger": "1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller. 2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger. I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.\n\nTo usher in; to be a harbinger of. \"Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day.\" Bancroft.", "harbingers": "1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller. 2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger. I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.\n\nTo usher in; to be a harbinger of. \"Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day.\" Bancroft.", "harbor": "1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser. For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden. 2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.] 4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven. 5. (Glass Works) A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zoöl.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.\n\nTo afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought). Any place that harbors men. Shak. The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet. Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe.\n\nTo lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor. For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak.", @@ -34717,9 +30869,7 @@ "hardiest": null, "hardihood": "Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster. Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.", "hardily": "1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.", - "hardin": null, "hardiness": "1. Capability of endurance. 2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser. Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak. They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon. 3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "harding": null, "hardliner": null, "hardliners": null, "hardly": "1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty. Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden. 2. Unwillingly; grudgingly. The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton. 3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly. Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South. 4. Severely; harshly; roughly. He has in many things been hardly used. Swift. 5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland. 6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.", @@ -34749,7 +30899,6 @@ "harem": "1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families. 2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.", "harems": "1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families. 2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.", "hares": "To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. Note: The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits. 2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zoöl.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zoöl.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief hare, or Crying hare. (Zoöl.) See Chief hare. -- Sea hare. (Zoöl.) See Aplysia.", - "hargreaves": null, "haricot": "1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables. 2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.", "haricots": "1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables. 2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.", "haring": null, @@ -34757,16 +30906,11 @@ "harked": null, "harking": null, "harks": "To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression. He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris.", - "harlan": null, - "harlem": null, "harlequin": "A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith. As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson. Harlequin bat (Zoöl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zoöl.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antennæ. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoöl.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zoöl.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euchætes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zoöl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zoöl.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zoöl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.\n\nTo play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.\n\nToremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick. And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.", "harlequins": "A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith. As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson. Harlequin bat (Zoöl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zoöl.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antennæ. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoöl.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zoöl.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euchætes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zoöl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zoöl.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zoöl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.\n\nTo play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.\n\nToremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick. And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.", - "harley": null, - "harlingen": null, "harlot": "1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.] He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer. 2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.\n\nWanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.\n\nTo play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.", "harlotry": "1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer. 2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden. 3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art. 4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.] He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak.", "harlots": "1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.] He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer. 2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.\n\nWanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.\n\nTo play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.", - "harlow": null, "harm": "1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune. 2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss. We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak. Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.\n\nTo hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong. Though yet he never harmed me. Shak. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton.", "harmed": null, "harmful": "Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. \" Most harmful hazards.\" Strype. --Harm\"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm\"ful*ness, n.", @@ -34776,7 +30920,6 @@ "harmless": "1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless. 2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. \" The harmless deer.\" Drayton Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed. --Harm\"less*ly, adv.- Harm\"less*ness, n.", "harmlessly": null, "harmlessness": null, - "harmon": null, "harmonic": "1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds. Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope. 2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body. 3. (Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. -- Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. -- Harmonic motion, the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. -- Harmonic series or progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonic, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.\n\nA musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics.", "harmonica": "1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones. 2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.", "harmonically": "1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously. 2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct. 3. (Math.) In harmonical progression.", @@ -34801,10 +30944,8 @@ "harnessed": null, "harnesses": null, "harnessing": null, - "harold": null, "harp": "1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers. 2. (Astron.) A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre. 3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] Æolian harp. See under Æolian. Harp seal (Zoöl.), an arctic seal (Phoca Groenlandica). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell (Zoöl.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.\n\n1. To play on the harp. I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2. 2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or upon. \"Harpings upon old themes.\" W. Irving. Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak. To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Collog.]\n\nTo play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon. Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak.", "harped": null, - "harper": "1. A player on the harp; a minstrel. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow. 2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson.", "harpies": null, "harping": "Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton.", "harpist": "A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne.", @@ -34821,21 +30962,12 @@ "harpsichordists": null, "harpsichords": "A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.", "harpy": "1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three. Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard. Milton. 2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner. The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus æruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (Thrasaëtus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat (Zoöl.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zoöl.), the house fly.", - "harrell": null, "harridan": "A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag. Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey.", "harridans": "A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag. Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey.", "harried": null, "harrier": "One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]\n\n1. One who harries. 2. (Zoöl.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus ærunginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur.", "harriers": "One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]\n\n1. One who harries. 2. (Zoöl.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus ærunginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur.", "harries": null, - "harriet": null, - "harriett": null, - "harrington": null, - "harris": null, - "harrisburg": null, - "harrison": null, - "harrisonburg": null, - "harrods": null, "harrow": "1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown. 2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.\n\n1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land. Will he harrow the valleys after thee Job xxxix. 10. 2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex. My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe. I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. Shak.\n\nHelp! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;- the ancient Norman hue and cry. \"Harrow and well away!\" Spenser. Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer.\n\nTo pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser. Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon", "harrowed": null, "harrowing": null, @@ -34852,21 +30984,14 @@ "harshly": "In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely. 'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak.", "harshness": "The quality or state of being harsh. O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. Shak. 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope. Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.", "hart": "A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck. Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton.", - "harte": null, - "hartford": "The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark- colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds. HART'S CLOVER Hart's` clo`ver. (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot. HART'S-EAR Hart's`-ear`, n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.", - "hartline": null, - "hartman": null, "harts": "A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck. Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton.", - "harvard": null, "harvest": "1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn. Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22. At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale. 2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward. The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller. The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth. Harvest fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zoöl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zoöl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.\n\nTo reap or gather, as any crop.", "harvested": null, "harvester": "1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper. 2. (Zoöl.) A harvesting ant.", "harvesters": "1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper. 2. (Zoöl.) A harvesting ant.", "harvesting": ", from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known. Note: The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.", "harvests": "1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn. Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22. At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale. 2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward. The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller. The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth. Harvest fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zoöl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zoöl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.\n\nTo reap or gather, as any crop.", - "harvey": null, "has": "3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.", - "hasbro": null, "hash": "1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed. 2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition. I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session. Walpole.\n\nTo as, to hash meat. Hudibras.", "hashed": null, "hashes": null, @@ -34874,8 +30999,6 @@ "hashish": "A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis saltiva), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja.", "hashtag": null, "hashtags": null, - "hasidim": null, - "haskell": null, "hasp": "1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door. 2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on. 3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.\n\nTo shut or fasten with a hasp.", "hasps": "1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door. 2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on. 3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.\n\nTo shut or fasten with a hasp.", "hassle": null, @@ -34897,7 +31020,6 @@ "hastily": "1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly. 2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly. We hastily engaged in the war. Swift. 3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak.", "hastiness": "The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.", "hasting": null, - "hastings": "Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer.", "hasty": "1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty sketch. 2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. \"Hasty employment.\" Shak. 3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager. 4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution. 5. Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper. Take no unkindness of his hasty words. Shak 6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] \"As the hasty fruit before the summer.\" Is. xxviii. 4.", "hat": "Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nsing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] \"That one hat abstinence.\" Piers Plowman.\n\nA covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell.", "hatband": "A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.", @@ -34928,24 +31050,18 @@ "hater": "One who hates. An enemy to God, and a hater of all good. Sir T. Browne.", "haters": "One who hates. An enemy to God, and a hater of all good. Sir T. Browne.", "hates": "1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy. Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer. 1 John iii. 15. 2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything should be wasted. I hate that he should linger here. Tennyson. 3. (Script.) To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26. Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he detested the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness.\n\nStrong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love. For in a wink the false love turns to hate. Tennyson.", - "hatfield": null, "hath": "Has. [Archaic.]", - "hathaway": null, "hating": null, "hatpin": null, "hatpins": null, "hatred": "Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil. Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium.", "hatreds": "Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil. Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium.", "hats": "Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nsing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] \"That one hat abstinence.\" Piers Plowman.\n\nA covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell.", - "hatsheput": null, "hatstand": "A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc.", "hatstands": "A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc.", "hatted": "Covered with a hat.", "hatter": "To tire or worry; -- out. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nOne who makes or sells hats.", - "hatteras": null, "hatters": "To tire or worry; -- out. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nOne who makes or sells hats.", - "hattie": null, - "hattiesburg": null, "hatting": "The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats.", "hauberk": "A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer. Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail. Gray.", "hauberks": "A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer. Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail. Gray.", @@ -34972,15 +31088,8 @@ "haunting": null, "hauntingly": null, "haunts": "1. To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon. You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house. Shak. Those cares that haunt the court and town. Swift. 2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition. Foul spirits haunt my resting place. Fairfax. 3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.] That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed. Chaucer. Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime. Ascham. 4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Haunt thyself to pity. Wyclif.\n\nTo persist in staying or visiting. I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors. Shak.\n\n1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts. Note: In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a haunt. Note: Often used figuratively. The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure. Keble. The feeble soul, a haunt of fears. Tennyson. 2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.] The haunt you have got about the courts. Arbuthnot. 3. Practice; skill. [Obs.] Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt. Chaucer.", - "hauptmann": null, - "hausa": null, - "hausdorff": null, "hauteur": "Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.", - "havana": "Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar. Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked them in the stable. Thackeray.", - "havanas": "Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar. Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked them in the stable. Thackeray.", - "havarti": null, "have": "1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm. 2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one. The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak. He had a fever late. Keats. 3. To accept possession of; to take or accept. Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me Shak. 4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak. 5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require. It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott. Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also Ld. Lytton. 6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child. 7. To hold, regard, or esteem. Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22. 8. To cause or force to go; to take. \"The stars have us to bed.\" Herbert. \"Have out all men from me.\" 2 Sam. xiii. 9. 9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak. 10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive. Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M. Arnold. The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction. Earle. 11. To understand. You have me, have you not Shak. 12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang] Note: Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have. Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson. To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t. Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.", - "havel": null, "haven": "1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port. What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak. Their haven under the hill. Tennyson. 2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak. The haven, or the rock of love. Waller.\n\nTo shelter, as in a haven. Keats.", "havens": "1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port. What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak. Their haven under the hill. Tennyson. 2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak. The haven, or the rock of love. Waller.\n\nTo shelter, as in a haven. Keats.", "haversack": "1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack. 3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.", @@ -34988,11 +31097,7 @@ "haves": "1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm. 2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one. The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak. He had a fever late. Keats. 3. To accept possession of; to take or accept. Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me Shak. 4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak. 5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require. It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott. Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also Ld. Lytton. 6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child. 7. To hold, regard, or esteem. Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22. 8. To cause or force to go; to take. \"The stars have us to bed.\" Herbert. \"Have out all men from me.\" 2 Sam. xiii. 9. 9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak. 10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive. Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M. Arnold. The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction. Earle. 11. To understand. You have me, have you not Shak. 12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang] Note: Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have. Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson. To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t. Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.", "having": "Possession; goods; estate. I 'll lend you something; my having is not much. Shak.", "havoc": "Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste. As for Saul, he made havoc of the church. Acts viii. 3. Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works! Addison.\n\nTo devastate; to destroy; to lay waste. To waste and havoc yonder world. Milton.\n\nA cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. Toone. Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant. Shak. Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war! Shak.", - "havoline": null, "haw": "1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard. And eke there was a polecat in his haw. Chaucer. 2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon.\n\nThe third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.\n\nAn intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like haw! also, the sound so made. \"Hums or haws.\" Congreve.\n\nTo stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with interruption and hesitation. Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw. Chesterfield.\n\nTo turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See Gee. To haw and gee, or To haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. [Colloq.]\n\nTo cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to haw a team of oxen. To haw and gee, or To haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. [Colloq.]", - "hawaii": null, - "hawaiian": "Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii.", - "hawaiians": "Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii.", "hawed": null, "hawing": null, "hawk": "One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family Falconidæ. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie hawk. Note: Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk, under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night. Bee hawk (Zoöl.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. -- Hawk eagle (Zoöl.), an Asiatic bird of the genus Spizætus, or Limnætus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. -- Hawk fly (Zoöl.), a voracious fly of the family Asilidæ. See Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zoöl.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zoöl.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock.\n\n1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry. A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks. Prior. 2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden. A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. Shak.\n\nTo clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances.\n\nTo raise by hawking, as phlegm.\n\nAn effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.\n\nTo offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets. His works were hawked in every street. Swift.\n\nA small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar. Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.", @@ -35000,7 +31105,6 @@ "hawker": "One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman.\n\nTo sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras.\n\nA falconer.", "hawkers": "One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman.\n\nTo sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras.\n\nA falconer.", "hawking": null, - "hawkins": null, "hawkish": null, "hawkishness": null, "hawks": "One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family Falconidæ. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie hawk. Note: Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk, under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night. Bee hawk (Zoöl.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. -- Hawk eagle (Zoöl.), an Asiatic bird of the genus Spizætus, or Limnætus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. -- Hawk fly (Zoöl.), a voracious fly of the family Asilidæ. See Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zoöl.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zoöl.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock.\n\n1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry. A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks. Prior. 2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden. A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. Shak.\n\nTo clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances.\n\nTo raise by hawking, as phlegm.\n\nAn effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.\n\nTo offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets. His works were hawked in every street. Swift.\n\nA small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar. Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.", @@ -35008,16 +31112,11 @@ "hawser": "A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns. Note: Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture. Hawser iron, a calking iron.", "hawsers": "A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns. Note: Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture. Hawser iron, a calking iron.", "hawthorn": "A thorny shrub or tree (the Cratægus oxyacantha), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is Cratægus cordata, which has the leaves but little lobed. Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds Shak.", - "hawthorne": null, "hawthorns": "A thorny shrub or tree (the Cratægus oxyacantha), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is Cratægus cordata, which has the leaves but little lobed. Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds Shak.", "hay": "1. A hedge. [Obs.] 2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit. Rowe. To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak.\n\nTo lay snares for rabbits. Huloet.\n\nGrass cut and cured for fodder. Make hay while the sun shines. Camden. Hay may be dried too much as well as too little. C. L. Flint. Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock. -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspnoea, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called hay asthma, hay cold, and rose fever. -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay. -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc. -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning newmown hay. See Tedder.\n\nTo cut and cure grass for hay.", "haycock": "A conical pile or hear of hay in the field. The tanned haycock in the mead. Milton.", "haycocks": "A conical pile or hear of hay in the field. The tanned haycock in the mead. Milton.", - "hayden": null, - "haydn": null, "hayed": null, - "hayek": null, - "hayes": null, "haying": null, "hayloft": "A loft or scaffold for hay.", "haylofts": "A loft or scaffold for hay.", @@ -35026,7 +31125,6 @@ "haymaking": "The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay.", "haymow": "1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation. 2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited.", "haymows": "1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation. 2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited.", - "haynes": null, "hayrick": "A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air.", "hayricks": "A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air.", "hayride": null, @@ -35036,10 +31134,7 @@ "hayseeds": null, "haystack": "A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.", "haystacks": "A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.", - "hayward": "An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large.", "haywire": null, - "haywood": null, - "hayworth": null, "hazard": "1. A game of chance played with dice. Chaucer. 2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty. I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life. Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard. Rogers 4. (Billiards Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard). 5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming. \"Your latter hazard.\" Shak. Hazard table, a a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes. -- To ru, to take the chance or risk. Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger.\n\n1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk. Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience. John Clarke. He hazards his neck to the halter. Fuller. 2. To venture to incur, or bring on. I hazarded the loss of whom I loved. Shak. They hazard to cut their feet. Landor. Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.\n\nTo try the chance; to encounter risk or danger. Shak.", "hazarded": null, "hazarding": null, @@ -35061,16 +31156,9 @@ "haziness": "The quality or state of being hazy.", "hazing": null, "hazings": null, - "hazleton": null, - "hazlitt": null, "hazmat": null, "hazy": "1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. \"A tender, hazy brightness.\" Wordsworth. 2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect. Mrs. Gore.", - "hbase": null, - "hbo": null, - "hdd": null, - "hdmi": null, "hdqrs": null, - "hdtv": null, "he": "1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated. Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen. iii. 16. Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut. x. 20. 2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun. He that walketh with wise men shall be wise. Prov. xiii. 20. 3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer. I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort. Shak. Note: When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.", "head": "1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon. 2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler. 3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head. 4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like. \"Their princes and heads.\" Robynson (More's Utopia). The heads of the chief sects of philosophy. Tillotson. Your head I him appoint. Milton. 5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of soldiers. An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke Marlborough at the head of them. Addison. 6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of cattle. It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every head. Graunt. 7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or will. Men who had lost both head and heart. Macaulay. 8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea. 9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak. 10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon. 11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height. Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption. Shak. The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself. Addison. 12. Power; armed force. My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head. Shak. 13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of hair. Swift. 14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals. 15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant. 16. The antlers of a deer. 17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor. Mortimer. 18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight. Note: Head is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a. A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. \"Arm me, audacity, from head to foot.\" Shak. -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. \"They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders.\" Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or coöperation of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold. -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the head, or To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. \"He gave his able horse the head.\" Shak. \"He has so long given his unruly passions their head.\" South. -- To his head, before his face. \"An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head.\" Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, or To make head against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. \"The ravishers turn head, the fight renews.\" Dryden.\n\nPrincipal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook.\n\n1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a riot. Dryden. 2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail. Spenser. 3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees. 5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship. 6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask. To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.\n\n1. To originate; to spring; to have its A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge. Adair. 2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship head 3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early.", "headache": "Pain in the head; ceph \"Headaches and shivering fits.\" Macaulay.", @@ -35208,7 +31296,6 @@ "hearsay": "Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another. Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation. Prof. Wilson. Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.", "hearse": "A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.\n\n1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. 2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] \"Underneath this marble hearse.\" B. Johnson. Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow. 3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.] Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse. Shak. 4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.\n\nTo inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] \"Would she were hearsed at my foot.\" Shak.", "hearses": "A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.\n\n1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. 2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] \"Underneath this marble hearse.\" B. Johnson. Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow. 3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.] Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse. Shak. 4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.\n\nTo inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] \"Would she were hearsed at my foot.\" Shak.", - "hearst": null, "heart": "1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. Why does my blood thus muster to my heart! Shak. Note: In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so-called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins. 2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart. Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain. Emerson. 3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc. Exploits done in the heart of France. Shak. Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation. Wordsworth. 4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit. Eve, recovering heart, replied. Milton. The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another. Sir W. Temple. 5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad. That the spent earth may gather heart again. Dryden. 6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart. 7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps. 8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention. And then show you the heart of my message. Shak. 9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. \"I speak to thee, my heart.\" Shak. Note: Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart- cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart- whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc. After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart. The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart. 1 Sam. xiii. 14. -- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. \"Composing songs, for fools to get by heart\" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] \"I could not get him for my heart to do it.\" Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic coöperation. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zoöl.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zoöl.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. \"I could find in my heart to ask your pardon.\" Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. -- With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.\n\nTo give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.] My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Shak.\n\nTo form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.", "heartache": "Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.", "heartaches": "Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.", @@ -35288,23 +31375,11 @@ "heavily": "1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded. Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration. The Century. 2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully. And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily. Ex. xiv. 25. Why looks your grace so heavily to-day Shak.", "heaviness": "The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.", "heaving": "A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing. Addison. Shak.", - "heaviside": null, "heavy": "Having the heaves.\n\n1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught. 2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc. The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod. 1 Sam. v. 6. The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make. Shak. Sent hither to impart the heavy news. Wordsworth. Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence. Shak. 3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment. The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were. Chapman. A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak. 4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or book. Whilst the heavy plowman snores. Shak. Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. Dryden. Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear. Is. lix. 1. 5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like. 6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder. But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more. Byron. 7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky. 8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the like. 9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread. 10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food. 11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors. 12. With child; pregnant. [R.] Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns. -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c), under Feather. Note: Heavy is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc.\n\n, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy- laden.\n\nTo make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif.", "heavyhearted": null, "heavyset": null, "heavyweight": null, "heavyweights": null, - "heb": null, - "hebe": "1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them. 2. (Zoöl.) An African ape; the hamadryas.", - "hebei": null, - "hebert": null, - "hebraic": "Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews.", - "hebraism": "1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison. 2. The type of character of the Hebrews. The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M. Arnold.", - "hebraisms": "1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison. 2. The type of character of the Hebrews. The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M. Arnold.", - "hebrew": "1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew. There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv. 13. 2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites.", - "hebrews": "1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew. There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv. 13. 2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites.", - "hebrides": null, - "hecate": null, "heck": "1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish. 5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine. 6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.] Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box or frame, that which carries the heck in warping.", "heckle": "Same as Hackle.", "heckled": null, @@ -35324,7 +31399,6 @@ "hectored": null, "hectoring": null, "hectors": "A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes.\n\nTo treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden.\n\nTo play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent. Swift.", - "hecuba": null, "hedge": "A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden. The roughest berry on the rudest hedge. Shak. Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk. Thomson. Note: Hedge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn, etc. Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. -- Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zoöl.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. \"While the business of money hangs in the hedge.\" Pepys.\n\n1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden. 2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up and out. I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. ii. 6. Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions from the north. Milton. 3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in). \"England, hedged in with the main.\" Shak. 4. To surround so as to prevent escape. That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo. Locke. To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.\n\n1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations. I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. Shak. 2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on. 3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite. The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads. Saintsbury.", "hedged": null, "hedgehog": "1. (Zoöl.) A small European insectivore (Erinaceus Europæus), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects. 2. (Zoöl.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S] 3. (Bot.) A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon. 4. A form of dredging machine. Knight. Hedgehog caterpillar (Zoöl.), the hairy larvæ of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish (Zoöl.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). -- Hedgehog rat (Zoöl.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zoöl.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.", @@ -35361,8 +31435,6 @@ "heeling": null, "heelless": "Without a heel.", "heels": "To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it. Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other.\n\n1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds. He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His winged heels and then his armed head. Denham. 2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe. 3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part. \"The heel of a hunt.\" A. Trollope. \"The heel of the white loaf.\" Sir W. Scott. 4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob. 5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe. 6. (Man.) Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the heel well. 7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt. Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak.\n\n1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like. [R.] I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt. Shak. 2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe. 3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.", - "heep": "The hip of the dog-rose. [Obs.]", - "hefner": null, "heft": "Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.\n\n1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.] He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak. 2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.] A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes. 3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.\n\n1. To heave up; to raise aloft. Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser. 2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]", "hefted": null, "heftier": null, @@ -35372,62 +31444,39 @@ "hefting": null, "hefts": "Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.\n\n1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.] He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak. 2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.] A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes. 3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.\n\n1. To heave up; to raise aloft. Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser. 2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]", "hefty": "Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]", - "hegel": null, - "hegelian": "Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of Hegel.", "hegemonic": "Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. \"Princelike and hegemonical.\" Fotherby.", "hegemony": "Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber.", "hegira": "The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed. Note: The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.", "hegiras": "The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed. Note: The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.", - "heidegger": null, - "heidelberg": null, - "heidi": null, "heifer": "A young cow.", "heifers": "A young cow.", - "heifetz": null, "height": "1. The condition of being high; elevated position. Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12. 2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon. [Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4. 3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.] Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot. 4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden. 5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; preëminence or distinction in society; prominence. Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning. All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman. 6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree. Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison. 7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest. My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak. On height, aloud. [Obs.] [He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer.", "heighten": "1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate. 2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. \"To heighten our confusion.\" Addison. An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne.", "heightened": null, "heightening": null, "heightens": "1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate. 2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. \"To heighten our confusion.\" Addison. An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne.", "heights": "1. The condition of being high; elevated position. Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12. 2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon. [Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4. 3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.] Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot. 4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden. 5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; preëminence or distinction in society; prominence. Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning. All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman. 6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree. Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison. 7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest. My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak. On height, aloud. [Obs.] [He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer.", - "heilongjiang": null, - "heimlich": null, - "heine": null, - "heineken": null, - "heinlein": null, "heinous": "Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character. It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker. How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt! Milton. Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious. -- Hei\"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei\"nous*ness, n.", "heinously": null, "heinousness": null, - "heinrich": null, - "heinz": null, "heir": "1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter. I am my father's heir and only son. Shak. 2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues. And I his heir in misery alone. Pope. Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.\n\nTo inherit; to succeed to. [R.] One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden.", "heiress": ", A female heir.", "heiresses": null, "heirloom": "Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations. Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir.", "heirlooms": "Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations. Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir.", "heirs": "1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter. I am my father's heir and only son. Shak. 2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues. And I his heir in misery alone. Pope. Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.\n\nTo inherit; to succeed to. [R.] One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden.", - "heisenberg": null, - "heisman": null, "heist": null, "heisted": null, "heisting": null, "heists": null, "held": "imp. & p. p. of Hold.", - "helen": null, - "helena": "See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint.", - "helene": null, - "helga": null, "helical": "Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Hel\"i*cal*ly, adv.", "helices": null, - "helicobacter": null, - "helicon": "A mountain in Boeotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses. From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy progress take. Gray.", "helicopter": null, "helicoptered": null, "helicoptering": null, "helicopters": null, "heliocentric": "pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical. Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.", - "heliopolis": null, - "helios": null, "heliotrope": "1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers. 3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror. 4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.", "heliotropes": "1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers. 3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror. 4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.", "helipad": null, @@ -35441,17 +31490,6 @@ "hellcat": null, "hellcats": null, "hellebore": "1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the ancients. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white hellebore.", - "hellene": "A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer.", - "hellenes": "A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer.", - "hellenic": "Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. \"The Hellenic forces.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ).\n\nThe dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.", - "hellenism": "1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison. 2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.", - "hellenisms": "1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison. 2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.", - "hellenist": "1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1). 2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical Hellenist.", - "hellenistic": "Pertaining to the Hellenists. Hellenistic language, dialect, or idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.", - "hellenization": null, - "hellenize": "To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.\n\nTo give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word.", - "heller": null, - "hellespont": "A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the Ægean Sea and the sea of Marmora.", "hellfire": null, "hellhole": null, "hellholes": null, @@ -35460,7 +31498,6 @@ "hellish": "Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. \"Hellish hate.\" Milton. -- Hell\"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell\"ish*ness, n.", "hellishly": null, "hellishness": null, - "hellman": null, "hello": "See Halloo.", "hellos": "See Halloo.", "helluva": null, @@ -35468,11 +31505,9 @@ "helmet": "1. (Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver. 2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form. 3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun. 4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zoöl.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zoöl.), a leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelidæ, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zoöl.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zoöl.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest.", "helmeted": "Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet- shaped part; galeate.", "helmets": "1. (Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver. 2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form. 3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun. 4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zoöl.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zoöl.), a leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelidæ, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zoöl.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zoöl.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest.", - "helmholtz": null, "helms": "See Haulm, straw.\n\n1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone. 2. The place or office of direction or administration. \"The helm of the Commonwealth.\" Melmoth. 3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director. The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers. Shak. 4. Etym: [Cf. Helve.] A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee or hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\nTo steer; to guide; to direct. [R.] The business he hath helmed. Shak. A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it. Tennyson.\n\n1. A helmet. [Poetic] 2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nTo cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past part. or part. adj.] She that helmed was in starke stours. Chaucer.", "helmsman": "The man at the helm; a steersman.", "helmsmen": null, - "heloise": null, "helot": "A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf. Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community. I. Taylor.", "helots": "A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf. Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community. I. Taylor.", "help": "1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, \"Help me scale yon balcony.\" Longfellow. 2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. \"God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!\" Shak. 3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. \"To help him of his blindness.\" in is used for that function; -- \"to help him in his misery\" Shak. The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde. 4. To change for the better; to remedy. Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak. 5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it Swift. 6. To forbear; to avoid. I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author. Pope. 7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food. To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task. The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. -- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. \"A man is well holp up that trusts to you.\" Shak. Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes coöperation on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who \"stands by\" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend.\n\nTo lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist. A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person. Garth. To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.\n\n1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars. Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11. God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1. Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South. 2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it. 3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business. 4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]", @@ -35492,11 +31527,8 @@ "helpmate": "A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife. In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land. Pennant. A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson. Macaulay.", "helpmates": "A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife. In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land. Pennant. A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson. Macaulay.", "helps": "1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, \"Help me scale yon balcony.\" Longfellow. 2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. \"God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!\" Shak. 3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. \"To help him of his blindness.\" in is used for that function; -- \"to help him in his misery\" Shak. The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde. 4. To change for the better; to remedy. Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak. 5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it Swift. 6. To forbear; to avoid. I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author. Pope. 7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food. To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task. The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. -- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. \"A man is well holp up that trusts to you.\" Shak. Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes coöperation on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who \"stands by\" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend.\n\nTo lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist. A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person. Garth. To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.\n\n1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars. Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11. God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1. Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South. 2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it. 3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business. 4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]", - "helsinki": null, "helve": "1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze. 2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.\n\nTo furnish with a helve, as an ax.", "helves": "1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze. 2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.\n\nTo furnish with a helve, as an ax.", - "helvetian": "Same as Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a Switzer.", - "helvetius": null, "hem": "Them [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nAn onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm. Cough or cry hem, if anybody come. Shak.\n\nAn utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. \"His morning hems.\" Spectator.\n\nTo make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. \"Hem, and stroke thy beard.\" Shak.\n\n1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen raveling. 2. Border; edge; margin. \"Hem of the sea.\" Shak. 3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.\n\n1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth. 2. To border; to edge All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe. Spenser. To hem about, around, or in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. \"With valiant squadrons round about to hem.\" Fairfax. \"Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny.\" Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. \"You can not hem me out of London.\" J. Webster.", "hematite": "An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown.", "hematologic": null, @@ -35505,8 +31537,6 @@ "hematologists": null, "hematology": "The science which treats of the blood.", "heme": null, - "hemet": null, - "hemingway": null, "hemiplegia": "A palsy that affects one side only of the body. -- Hem`i\"pleg\"ic, a.", "hemisphere": "1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center. 2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture. 3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere. He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere. J. P. Peters. ten Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg.", "hemispheres": "1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center. 2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture. 3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere. He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere. J. P. Peters. ten Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg.", @@ -35541,55 +31571,34 @@ "hemstitches": null, "hemstitching": null, "hen": "The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen. Note: Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen. Hen clam. (Zoöl.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier (Zoöl.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zoöl.), one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk.", - "henan": null, "hence": "1. From this place; away. \"Or that we hence wend.\" Chaucer. Arise, let us go hence. John xiv. 31. I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. Acts xxii. 21. 2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. \"Half an hour hence.\" Shak. 3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction. Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom. Tillotson. 4. From this source or origin. All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace. Suckling. Whence come wars and fightings among you Come they not hence, even of your lusts James. iv. 1. Note: Hence is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone. \"Hence with your little ones.\" Shak. -- From hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers. An ancient author prophesied from hence. Dryden. Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow. Milton.\n\nTo send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.", "henceforth": "From this time forward; henceforward. I never from thy side henceforth to stray. Milton.", "henceforward": "From this time forward; henceforth.", - "hench": null, "henchman": "An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term.", "henchmen": null, - "henderson": null, - "hendrick": null, - "hendricks": null, - "hendrix": null, - "henley": null, "henna": "1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc. 2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.", "hennaed": null, "hennaing": null, "hennas": "1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc. 2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.", - "hennessy": null, "henpeck": "To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).", "henpecked": null, "henpecking": null, "henpecks": "To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).", - "henri": null, - "henrietta": null, - "henrik": null, - "henry": "The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampère a second. HEN'S-FOOT Hen's-foot` (, n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis daucoides).", "hens": "The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen. Note: Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen. Hen clam. (Zoöl.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier (Zoöl.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zoöl.), one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk.", - "hensley": null, - "henson": null, "hep": "See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose.", "heparin": null, "hepatic": "1. Of or pertaining to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic diseases. 2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar. 3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called Hepaticæ, or scale mosses and liverworts. Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, or Hepatic cinnabar. See under Cinnabar.", "hepatitis": "Inflammation of the liver.", "hepatocyte": null, "hepatocytes": null, - "hepburn": null, - "hephaestus": null, "hepper": "A young salmon; a parr.", "heppest": null, - "hepplewhite": null, "heptagon": "A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.", "heptagonal": "Having seven angles or sides. Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.", "heptagons": "A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.", "heptathlon": null, "heptathlons": null, "her": "The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out. Note: The possessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. \"And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend.\" Dryden.\n\nOf them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. On here bare knees adown they fall. Chaucer.", - "hera": null, - "heracles": null, - "heraclitus": null, - "herakles": null, "herald": "1. (Antiq.) An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character. 2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms. 3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as, the herald of another's fame. Shak. 4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger. It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shak. 5. Any messenger. \"My herald is returned.\" Shak. Heralds' College, in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms.\n\nTo introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak.", "heralded": null, "heraldic": "Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton.", @@ -35603,8 +31612,6 @@ "herbalist": "One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.", "herbalists": "One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.", "herbals": "Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles.\n\n1. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants. Bacon. 2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium. Steele.", - "herbart": null, - "herbert": null, "herbicidal": null, "herbicide": null, "herbicides": null, @@ -35612,9 +31619,7 @@ "herbivores": "One of the Herbivora. P. H. Gosse.", "herbivorous": "Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora.", "herbs": "1. A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering. Note: Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year. 2. Grass; herbage. And flocks Grazing the tender herb. Milton. Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet. -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb (Actæa spicata), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St. Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr. Prior. -- Herb grace, or Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue. -- Herb Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G. Robertianum.)", - "herculaneum": null, "herculean": "1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an Herculean task. 2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs. \"Herculean Samson.\" Milton.", - "hercules": "1. (Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or \"labors.\" 2. (Astron.) A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra. Hercules' beetle (Zoöl.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America, which grows to a length of six inches. -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See under Angelica. -- Hercules powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting.", "herd": "Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray. Note: Herd is distinguished from flock, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a drove. 2. A crowd of low people; a rabble. But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and who talk too much. Dryden. You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question. Coleridge. Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under Grass.\n\nOne who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a goatherd, and the like. Chaucer.\n\n1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; as, sheep herd on many hills. 2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company. I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number. Addison. 3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.]\n\nTo form or put into a herd.", "herded": null, "herder": "A herdsman. [R.]", @@ -35631,13 +31636,10 @@ "hereby": "1. By means of this. And hereby we do know that we know him. 1 John ii. 3. 2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak.", "hereditary": "1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown. 2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride, bravery, disease. Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.", "heredity": "Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis.", - "hereford": "One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent.", - "herefords": "One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent.", "herein": "In this. Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit. John xv. 8.", "hereinafter": "In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like).", "hereof": "Of this; concerning this; from this; hence. Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant. Shak.", "hereon": "On or upon this; hereupon.", - "herero": null, "heresies": null, "heresy": "1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach. New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not reformed, may prove pernicious. Shak. After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a heresy; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood. Hobbes. 2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy. Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd. Spenser. Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in the world is a wicked life. Tillotson. 3. (Law) An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained. A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed. Blackstone. Note: \"When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral heresy, I refer to the force of the Greek Coleridge.", "heretic": "1. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion. A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject. Titus iii. 10. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One who having made a profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith \"determined by the authority of the universal church.\" Addis & Arnold. Syn. -- Heretic, Schismatic, Sectarian. A heretic is one whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert the true faith. A schismatic is one who creates a schism, or division in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a sect, or distinct organization, which separates from the main body of believers.", @@ -35649,28 +31651,20 @@ "hereunto": "Unto this; up to this time; hereto.", "hereupon": "On this; hereon.", "herewith": "With this.", - "heriberto": null, "heritable": "1. Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable. 2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance. This son shall be legitimate and heritable. Sir M. Hale. Heritable rights (Scots Law), rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty. Jacob (Law Dict.).", "heritage": "1. That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak. 2. (Script.) A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2. 1 Peter v. 3.", "heritages": "1. That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak. 2. (Script.) A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2. 1 Peter v. 3.", - "herman": null, "hermaphrodite": "An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.\n\nIncluding, or being of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal or flower. Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten.", "hermaphrodites": "An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.\n\nIncluding, or being of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal or flower. Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten.", "hermaphroditic": "Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by hermaphroditism. -- Her*maph`ro*dit\"ic*al*ly, adv.", - "hermaphroditus": null, - "hermes": "1. (Myth.) See Mercury. Note: Hermes Trismegistus Etym: [Gr. 'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit., Hermes thrice greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and alchemy. 2. (Archæology) Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See Terminal statue, under Terminal.", "hermetic": "1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic. \"Delusions of the hermetic art.\" Burke. The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves Hermetic philosophers. A. B. Buckley. 2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, hermetic medicine. 3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under Hermetically. Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.", "hermetical": "1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic. \"Delusions of the hermetic art.\" Burke. The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves Hermetic philosophers. A. B. Buckley. 2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, hermetic medicine. 3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under Hermetically. Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.", "hermetically": "1. In an hermetical manner; chemically. Boyle. 2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure. Note: A vessel or tube is hermetically sealed when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure.", - "herminia": null, "hermit": "1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives. He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot. Addison. 2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] \"We rest your hermits.\" Shak. Hermit crab (Zoöl.), a marine decapod crustacean of the family Paguridæ. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit thrush (Zoöl.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song. -- Hermit warbler (Zoöl.), a California wood warbler (Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.", "hermitage": "1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of the world. Shak. 2. Etym: [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of Drôme.", "hermitages": "1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of the world. Shak. 2. Etym: [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of Drôme.", - "hermite": null, "hermitian": null, "hermits": "1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives. He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot. Addison. 2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] \"We rest your hermits.\" Shak. Hermit crab (Zoöl.), a marine decapod crustacean of the family Paguridæ. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit thrush (Zoöl.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song. -- Hermit warbler (Zoöl.), a California wood warbler (Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.", - "hermosillo": null, - "hernandez": null, "hernia": "A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture. Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.", "hernial": "Of, or connected with, hernia.", "hernias": "A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture. Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.", @@ -35680,8 +31674,6 @@ "herniating": null, "herniation": null, "hero": "1. (Myth.) An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules. 2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person. Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody. Emerson. 3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and Æneas in the Æneid. The shining quality of an epic hero. Dryden. Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes. Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally among mankind. Carlyle.", - "herod": null, - "herodotus": null, "heroes": null, "heroic": "1. Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of heroes; as, the heroic age; an heroic people; heroic valor. 2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, heroic action; heroic enterprises. 3. (Sculpture & Painting) Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the representation of a human figure. Heroic Age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived. -- Heroic poetry, that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry. -- Heroic treatment or remedies (Med.), treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a desperate case. -- Heroic verse (Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the hexameter. Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.", "heroically": null, @@ -35691,32 +31683,19 @@ "heroines": "1. A woman of an heroic spirit. The heroine assumed the woman's place. Dryden. 2. The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.", "heroins": null, "heroism": "The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities. Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action. Hare. Syn. -- Heroism, Courage, Fortitude, Bravery, Valor, Intrepidity, Gallantry. Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of danger; fortitude is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly under trials, danger, and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in daring acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts with living opponents; intrepidity is firm courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf. Courage.", - "heroku": null, "heron": "Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the family Ardeidæ. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons. Note: There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. coerulea); the green (A. virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird (Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets. Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.", "herons": "Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the family Ardeidæ. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons. Note: There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. coerulea); the green (A. virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird (Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets. Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.", "herpes": "An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.", "herpetologist": "One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.", "herpetologists": "One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.", "herpetology": "The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zoölogy which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits.", - "herr": "A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English Mister.", - "herrera": null, - "herrick": null, "herring": "One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (C. harengus) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities. Herring gull (Zoöl.), a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in England. See Gull. -- Herring hog (Zoöl.), the common porpoise. -- King of the herrings. (Zoöl.) (a) The chimæra (C. monstrosa) which follows the schools of herring. See Chimæra. (b) The opah.", "herringbone": "Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different directions. Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used in flannel. Simmonds.", "herrings": "One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (C. harengus) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities. Herring gull (Zoöl.), a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in England. See Gull. -- Herring hog (Zoöl.), the common porpoise. -- King of the herrings. (Zoöl.) (a) The chimæra (C. monstrosa) which follows the schools of herring. See Chimæra. (b) The opah.", "hers": "See the Note under Her, pr.", - "herschel": "See Uranus.", "herself": "1. An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; -- used as a subject with she; as, she herself will bear the blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is herself; she blames herself. 2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now herself again; she has come to herself. By herself, alone; apart; unaccompanied.", - "hersey": null, - "hershel": null, - "hershey": null, "hertz": null, - "hertzsprung": null, - "herzegovina": null, - "herzl": null, "hes": "1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated. Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen. iii. 16. Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut. x. 20. 2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun. He that walketh with wise men shall be wise. Prov. xiii. 20. 3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer. I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort. Shak. Note: When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.", - "heshvan": null, - "hesiod": null, "hesitance": null, "hesitancy": "1. The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates. 2. A stammering; a faltering in speech.", "hesitant": "1. Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating. 2. Unready in speech. Baxter.", @@ -35728,13 +31707,7 @@ "hesitatingly": "With hesitation or doubt.", "hesitation": "1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation. 2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift.", "hesitations": "1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation. 2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift.", - "hesperia": null, - "hesperus": "1. Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper. 2. Evening. [Poetic] The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star Of Hesperus. Milton.", - "hess": null, - "hesse": null, "hessian": "Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians. Hessian boots, or Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England, in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. Thackeray. -- Hessian cloth, or Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for sacking. -- Hessian crucible. See under Crucible. -- Hessian fly (Zoöl.), a small dipterous fly or midge (Cecidomyia destructor). Its larvæ live between the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Hesse. 2. A mercenary or venal person. [U. S.] Note: This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War. 3. pl. See Hessian boots and cloth, under Hessian, a.", - "hester": null, - "heston": null, "hetero": null, "heterodox": "1. Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects. Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching. Strype. 2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons. Macaulay. -- Het\"er*o*dox`ly, adv. -- Het\"er*o*dox`ness, n.\n\nAn opinion opposed to some accepted standard. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.", "heterodoxy": "An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a church, etc.; heresy. Bp. Bull.", @@ -35746,7 +31719,6 @@ "heterosexuality": null, "heterosexually": null, "heterosexuals": null, - "hettie": null, "heuristic": "Serving to discover or find out.", "heuristically": null, "heuristics": "Serving to discover or find out.", @@ -35755,8 +31727,6 @@ "hewer": "One who hews.", "hewers": "One who hews.", "hewing": null, - "hewitt": null, - "hewlett": null, "hews": "1. To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; -- often with down, or off. Shak. 2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher. Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn. Is. li. 1. Rather polishing old works than hewing out new. Pope. 3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack. Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder. Shak.\n\nDestruction by cutting down. [Obs.] Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew. Spenser.\n\n1. Hue; color. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Shape; form. [Obs.] Spenser.", "hex": null, "hexadecimal": null, @@ -35774,20 +31744,12 @@ "hey": "High. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement. Shak. 2. A cry to set dogs on. Shak.", "heyday": "An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder. B. Jonson.\n\nThe time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness. The heyday in the blood is tame. Shak. In the heyday of their victories. J. H. Newman.", "heydays": "An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder. B. Jonson.\n\nThe time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness. The heyday in the blood is tame. Shak. In the heyday of their victories. J. H. Newman.", - "heyerdahl": null, - "heywood": null, - "hezbollah": null, - "hezekiah": null, "hf": null, - "hg": null, "hgt": null, "hgwy": null, - "hhs": null, "hi": null, - "hialeah": null, "hiatus": "1. An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break. 2. (Gram.) The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or syllables. Pope.", "hiatuses": null, - "hiawatha": null, "hibachi": null, "hibachis": null, "hibernate": "To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects. Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain. Southey.", @@ -35797,8 +31759,6 @@ "hibernation": "The act or state of hibernating. Evelyn.", "hibernator": null, "hibernators": null, - "hibernia": null, - "hibernian": "Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Ireland.", "hibiscus": "A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See Althea, Hollyhock, and Manoe.", "hibiscuses": null, "hiccough": "A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough. [Written also hickup or hiccup.]\n\nTo have a hiccough or hiccoughs.", @@ -35812,8 +31772,6 @@ "hick": null, "hickey": null, "hickeys": null, - "hickman": null, - "hickok": null, "hickories": null, "hickory": "An American tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the C. glabra. The swamp hickory is C. amara, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter. Hickory shad. (Zoöl.) (a) The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The gizzard shad.", "hicks": null, @@ -35846,10 +31804,7 @@ "hieroglyphic": "1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a. 2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark. [Colloq.]\n\n1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk. Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets. Prof. Wilson. 2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. \"An hieroglyphical scrawl.\" Sir W. Scott.", "hieroglyphics": "1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a. 2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark. [Colloq.]\n\n1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk. Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets. Prof. Wilson. 2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. \"An hieroglyphical scrawl.\" Sir W. Scott.", "hieroglyphs": "1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a. 2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark. [Colloq.]", - "hieronymus": null, "hies": "To hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal pronoun. [Rare, except in poetry] \"My husband hies him home.\" Shak. The youth, returning to his mistress, hies. Dryden.\n\nHaste; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "higashiosaka": null, - "higgins": null, "high": "To hie. [Obs.] Men must high them apace, and make haste. Holland.\n\n1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high. 2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as - (a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; preëminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. \"The highest faculty of the soul.\" Baxter. (b) Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles. He was a wight of high renown. Shak. (c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family. (d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. \"With rather a high manner.\" Thackeray. Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. Ps. lxxxix. 13. Can heavenly minds such high resentment show Dryden. (e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble. Both meet to hear and answer such high things. Shak. Plain living and high thinking are no more. Wordsworth. (f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price. If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper. South. (g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad sense. An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin. Prov. xxi. 4. His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot. Clarendon. 3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. e., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite) noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete) pleasure; high (i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc. High time it is this war now ended were. Spenser. High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies. Baker. 4. (Cookery) Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high. 5. (Mus.) Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note. 6. (Phon.) Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as e (eve), oo (food). See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11. High admiral, the chief admiral. -- High altar, the principal altar in a church. -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. -- High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff. -- High Church, and Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high- churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. -- High constable (Law), a chief of constabulary. See Constable, n., 2. -- High commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641. -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix. 31. -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with full ceremonial. -- High German, or High Dutch. See under German. -- High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport. [Colloq.] \"All the high jinks of the county, when the lad comes of age.\" F. Harrison. -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. -- High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich. -- High liver, one who indulges in a rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon rich, pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass. -- High milling, a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding. -- High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place (Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. -- High priest. See in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See Alto-rilievo. -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. Wharton. -- High steam, steam having a high pressure. -- High steward, the chief steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. -- High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason. Note: It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. Mozley & W. -- High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. -- High-water mark. (a) That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. (b) A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet. -- High-water shrub (Bot.), a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. -- High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the plural. -- To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. [Colloq.] -- With a high hand. (a) With power; in force; triumphantly. \"The children of Israel went out with a high hand.\" Ex. xiv. 8.(b) In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. \"They governed the city with a high hand.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ). Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud; violent; full; dear. See Tall.\n\nIn a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully. \"And reasoned high.\" Milton. \"I can not reach so high.\" Shak. Note: High is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of which are of very obvious signification; as, high-aimed, high-arched, high-aspiring, high-bearing, high-boasting, high-browed, high-crested, high-crowned, high-designing, high-engendered, high- feeding, high-flaming, high-flavored, high-gazing, high-heaped, high- heeled, high-priced, high-reared, high-resolved, high-rigged, high- seated, high-shouldered, high-soaring, high-towering, high-voiced, and the like. High and low, everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted high and low. [Colloq.]\n\n1. An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven. 2. People of rank or high station; as, high and low. 3. (Card Playing) The highest card dealt or drawn. High, low, jack, and the game, a game at cards; -- also called all fours, old sledge, and seven up. -- In high and low, utterly; completely; in every respect. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- On high, aloft; above. The dayspring from on high hath visited us. Luke i. 78. -- The Most High, the Supreme Being; God.\n\nTo rise; as, the sun higheth. [Obs.]", "highball": null, "highballs": null, @@ -35886,7 +31841,6 @@ "hightailed": null, "hightailing": null, "hightails": null, - "hightstown": null, "highway": "A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare. Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.", "highwayman": "One who robs on the public road; a highway robber.", "highwaymen": null, @@ -35906,21 +31860,13 @@ "hikers": null, "hikes": "To hike one's self; specif., to go with exertion or effort; to tramp; to march laboriously. [Dial. or Colloq.] \"If you persist in heaving and hiking like this.\" Kipling. It's hike, hike, hike (march) till you stick in the mud, and then you hike back again a little slower than you went. Scribner's Mag.\n\nTo move with a swing, toss, throw, jerk, or the like. [Dial. or Colloq.]\n\nThe act of hiking; a tramp; a march. [Dial. or Colloq.] With every hike there's a few laid out with their hands crossed. Scribner's Mag.", "hiking": null, - "hilario": null, "hilarious": "Mirthful; noisy; merry.", "hilariously": null, "hilariousness": null, "hilarity": "Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity. Goldsmith. Note: Hilarity differs from joy: the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more demonstrative. Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.", - "hilary": null, - "hilbert": null, - "hilda": null, - "hildebrand": null, - "hilfiger": null, "hill": "1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain. Every mountain and hill shall be made low. Is. xl. 4. 2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. [U. S.] See Hill, v. t. 3. A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them; as, a hill of corn or potatoes. [U. S.] Hill ant (Zoöl.), a common ant (Formica rufa), of Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests. -- Hill myna (Zoöl.), one of several species of birds of India, of the genus Gracula, and allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words. [Written also hill mynah.] See Myna. -- Hill partridge (Zoöl.), a partridge of the genus Aborophila, of which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Hill tit (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family Leiotrichidæ. Many are beautifully colored.\n\nTo surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; as, to hill corn. Showing them how to plant and hill it. Palfrey.", - "hillary": null, "hillbillies": null, "hillbilly": null, - "hillel": null, "hillier": null, "hilliest": null, "hilliness": "The state of being hilly.", @@ -35933,24 +31879,15 @@ "hilltops": "The top of a hill.", "hilly": "1. Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a hilly country. \"Hilly steep.\" Dryden. 2. Lofty; as, hilly empire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "hilt": "1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.", - "hilton": null, "hilts": "1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.", "him": "Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe objective case of he. See He. Him that is weak in the faith receive. Rom. xiv. 1. Friends who have given him the most sympathy. Thackeray. Note: In old English his and him were respectively the genitive and dative forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete. Poetically, him is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of himself. I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a noble gentleman. Shak.", - "himalaya": null, - "himalayan": "Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan.", - "himalayas": null, - "himmler": null, "hims": "Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe objective case of he. See He. Him that is weak in the faith receive. Rom. xiv. 1. Friends who have given him the most sympathy. Thackeray. Note: In old English his and him were respectively the genitive and dative forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete. Poetically, him is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of himself. I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a noble gentleman. Shak.", "himself": "1. An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; -- used as a subject usually with he; as, he himself will bear the blame; used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is himself who saved himself. But he himself returned from the quarries. Judges iii. 19. David hid himself in the field. 1 Sam. xx. 24. The Lord himself shall give you a sign. Is. vii. 14. Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14. With shame remembers, while himself was one Of the same herd, himself the same had done. Denham. Note: Himself was formerly used instead of itself. See Note under Him. It comprehendeth in himself all good. Chaucer. 2. One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has come to himself. By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or studies by himself. -- To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him; to let him take his own course.\n\nThemselves. See Hemself. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "hinayana": null, "hind": "1. (Zoöl.) The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag. 2. (Zoöl.) A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John Paw, spotted hind.\n\n1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.] The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's daily work goes forward here. Trench.\n\nIn the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped; the hind man in a procession.", - "hindemith": null, - "hindenburg": null, "hinder": "Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a horse. He was in the hinder part of the ship. Mark iv. 38.\n\n1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; - - often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the coach; drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going. Them that were entering in ye hindered. Luke xi. 52. I hinder you too long. Shak. 2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out. What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right Locke. Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.\n\nTo interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance. This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written. Dryden.", "hindered": null, "hindering": null, "hinders": "Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a horse. He was in the hinder part of the ship. Mark iv. 38.\n\n1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; - - often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the coach; drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going. Them that were entering in ye hindered. Luke xi. 52. I hinder you too long. Shak. 2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out. What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right Locke. Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.\n\nTo interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance. This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written. Dryden.", - "hindi": "The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth.", "hindmost": "Furthest in or toward the rear; last. \"Rachel and Joseph hindermost.\" Gen. xxxiii. 2.", "hindquarter": null, "hindquarters": null, @@ -35958,15 +31895,6 @@ "hindrances": "1. The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered. 2. That which hinders; an impediment. What various hindrances we meet. Cowper. Something between a hindrance and a help. Wordsworth. Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint.", "hinds": "1. (Zoöl.) The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag. 2. (Zoöl.) A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John Paw, spotted hind.\n\n1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.] The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's daily work goes forward here. Trench.\n\nIn the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped; the hind man in a procession.", "hindsight": null, - "hindu": "A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.\n\nSame as Hindoo.", - "hinduism": "The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.", - "hinduisms": "The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.", - "hindus": "A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.\n\nSame as Hindoo.", - "hindustan": null, - "hindustani": "Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.", - "hindustanis": "Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.", - "hines": "A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind. [Obs.] Bailiff, herd, nor other hine. Chaucer.", - "hinesville": null, "hing": null, "hinge": "1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on. The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning. Milton. 2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the question turned. 3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south. [R.] When the moon is in the hinge at East. Creech. Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad. Milton. Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.) Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane. -- To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment. Tillotson.\n\n1. To attach by, or furnish with, hinges. 2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I. Taylor", "hinged": "Furnished with hinges.", @@ -35980,7 +31908,6 @@ "hinterlands": "The land or region lying behind the coast district. The term is used esp. with reference to the so-called doctrine of the hinterland, sometimes advanced, that occupation of the coast supports a claim to an exclusive right to occupy, from time to time, the territory lying inland of the coast.", "hinters": null, "hinting": null, - "hinton": null, "hints": "To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion. Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike. Pope. Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.\n\nTo make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something. We whisper, and hint, and chuckle. Tennyson. To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously. Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.\n\nA remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive. Our hint of woe Is common. Shak. The hint malevolent, the look oblique. Hannah M Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.", "hip": "1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle. 2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions. 3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord. Waddell. Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; -- called also haunch bone and huckle bone. -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip joint (Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing. -- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3. -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof. -- To catch upon the hip, or To have on the hip, to have or get the advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak. -- To smite hip and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv. 8.\n\n1. To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side. 2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called cross buttock). 3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof. Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under Hip.\n\nThe fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.] Hip tree (Bot.), the dog- rose.\n\nUsed to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra!\n\nSee Hyp, n. [Colloq.]", "hipbath": null, @@ -35989,7 +31916,6 @@ "hipbones": null, "hiphuggers": null, "hipness": null, - "hipparchus": null, "hipped": "Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.] When we are hipped or in high spirits. R. L. Stevenson.", "hipper": null, "hippest": null, @@ -35998,8 +31924,6 @@ "hipping": null, "hippo": null, "hippocampus": "1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune. Fairholt. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also sea horse. Note: They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched. 3. (Zoöl.) A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is called also ergot and calcar.", - "hippocrates": "A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 B. C. Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.", - "hippocratic": "Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings. Hippocratic face Etym: [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by Hippocrates. Dunglison. -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.", "hippodrome": "1. (Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races. 2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.", "hippodromes": "1. (Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races. 2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.", "hippopotamus": "A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also zeekoe, and river horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western Africa.", @@ -36010,22 +31934,15 @@ "hipster": null, "hipsters": null, "hiragana": null, - "hiram": null, "hire": "See Here, pron. Chaucer.\n\n1. The price; reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay. The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke x. 7. 2. (Law.) A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward. Story. Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.\n\n1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire money. 2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant, an agent, or an advocate. 3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with out, and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his time. They . . . have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam. ii. 5.", "hired": null, "hireling": "One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. \"Lewd hirelings.\" Milton.\n\nServing for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. \"Hireling mourners.\" Dryden.", "hirelings": "One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. \"Lewd hirelings.\" Milton.\n\nServing for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. \"Hireling mourners.\" Dryden.", "hires": "Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "hiring": null, - "hirobumi": null, - "hirohito": null, - "hiroshima": null, "hirsute": "1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy. 2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.] Cynical and hirsute in his behavior. Life of A. Wood. 3. (Bot.) Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray. 4. (Zoöl.) Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.", "hirsuteness": "Hairiness. Burton.", "his": "1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete. No comfortable star did lend his light. Shak. Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound root Shak. Note: Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. \"The king his son.\" Shak. \"By young Telemachus his blooming years.\" Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending -is or -es, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun his. 2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. \"The sea is his, and he made it.\" Ps. xcv. 5.", - "hispanic": "Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words.", - "hispanics": "Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words.", - "hispaniola": null, "hiss": "1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval. The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezek. xxvii. 36. 2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow hissed as it flew. Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice. Wordsworth.\n\n1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing. If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleased and displeased them. Shak. Malcolm. What is the newest grief Ros. That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker. Shak. 2. To utter with a hissing sound. The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise. Tennyson.\n\n1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt. \"Hiss\" implies audible friction of breath consonants. H. Sweet. A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn. Milton. 2. Any sound resembling that above described; as: (a) The noise made by a serpent. But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue. Milton. (b) The note of a goose when irritated. (c) The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove.", "hissed": null, "hisses": null, @@ -36054,9 +31971,7 @@ "histrionically": null, "histrionics": "Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense. -- His`tri*on\"ic*al*ly, adv. Tainted with false and histrionic feeling. De Quincey.", "hit": "It. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at). I think you have hit the mark. Shak. 2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit. Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right. Locke. There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him. Dryden. Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. Milton. He scarcely hit my humor. Tennyson. 3. To guess; to light upon or discover. \"Thou hast hit it.\" Shak. 4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point. To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on. If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another Locke. Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them. Woodward. 2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck. And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits. Shak. And millions miss for one that hits. Swift. To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. \"None of them hit upon the art.\" Addison.\n\n1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything. So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed. Dryden. 2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit. What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit. Pope. 3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit. 4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon. 5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit. Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc.\n\nhaving become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; as, a hit record, a hit movie.", - "hitachi": null, "hitch": "1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling. Atoms . . . which at length hitched together. South. 2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded. Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme. Pope. To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place. Fuller. 3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter. 2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer. To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement. 2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc. 3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch in the performance. 4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a hitch. 5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a timber hitch, etc. 6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed or vein.", - "hitchcock": null, "hitched": null, "hitcher": null, "hitchers": null, @@ -36070,15 +31985,10 @@ "hitching": null, "hither": "1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither. 2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical. Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man. Hooker. Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. \"Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and thither.\" Knolles.\n\n1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill. Milton. 2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than. And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers. Tennyson. To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday. Huxley.", "hitherto": "1. To this place; to a prescribed limit. Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job xxxviii. 11. 2. Up to this time; as yet; until now. The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Josh. xvii. 14.", - "hitler": null, - "hitlers": null, "hits": "It. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at). I think you have hit the mark. Shak. 2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit. Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right. Locke. There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him. Dryden. Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. Milton. He scarcely hit my humor. Tennyson. 3. To guess; to light upon or discover. \"Thou hast hit it.\" Shak. 4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point. To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on. If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another Locke. Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them. Woodward. 2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck. And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits. Shak. And millions miss for one that hits. Swift. To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. \"None of them hit upon the art.\" Addison.\n\n1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything. So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed. Dryden. 2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit. What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit. Pope. 3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit. 4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon. 5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit. Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc.\n\nhaving become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; as, a hit record, a hit movie.", "hitter": "One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.", "hitters": "One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.", "hitting": null, - "hittite": "A member of an ancient people (or perhaps group of peoples) whose settlements extended from Armenia westward into Asia Minor and southward into Palestine. They are known to have been met along the Orontes as early as 1500 b. c., and were often at war with the Egyptians and Assyrians. Especially in the north they developed a considerable civilization, of which numerous monuments and inscriptions are extant. Authorities are not agreed as to their race. While several attempts have been made to decipher the Hittite characters, little progress has yet been made.", - "hittites": "A member of an ancient people (or perhaps group of peoples) whose settlements extended from Armenia westward into Asia Minor and southward into Palestine. They are known to have been met along the Orontes as early as 1500 b. c., and were often at war with the Egyptians and Assyrians. Especially in the north they developed a considerable civilization, of which numerous monuments and inscriptions are extant. Authorities are not agreed as to their race. While several attempts have been made to decipher the Hittite characters, little progress has yet been made.", - "hiv": null, "hive": "1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden. 2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak. 3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd. The hive of Roman liars. Tennyson. Hive bee (Zoöl.), the honeybee.\n\n1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees. 2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store. Hiving wisdom with each studious year. Byron.\n\nTo take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body. Pope.", "hived": null, "hivemind": null, @@ -36086,11 +31996,7 @@ "hives": "(a) The croup. (b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken pox.", "hiving": null, "hiya": null, - "hm": null, "hmm": null, - "hmo": null, - "hmong": null, - "hms": null, "ho": "Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.\n\nA stop; a halt; a moderation of pace. There is no ho with them. Decker.\n\n1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. \"What noise there, ho\" Shak. \"Ho! who's within\" Shak. 2. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.] Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly, hoo.] The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried \"Hoo!\" Chaucer. An herald on a scaffold made an hoo. Chaucer.", "hoagie": null, "hoagies": null, @@ -36118,8 +32024,6 @@ "hoaxes": null, "hoaxing": null, "hob": "1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington. 2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm. Smart. 3. (Mech.) A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.\n\n1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.] From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven ! Beau. & FL. 2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares.", - "hobart": null, - "hobbes": null, "hobbies": null, "hobbit": null, "hobbits": null, @@ -36129,7 +32033,6 @@ "hobblers": "One who hobbles.\n\nOne who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies.", "hobbles": "1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches. The friar was hobbling the same way too. Dryden. 2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing. Prior. The hobbling versification, the mean diction. Jeffreys.\n\n1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. \" They hobbled their horses.\" Dickens 2. To perplex; to embarrass.\n\n1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his gait. Swift. 2. Same as Hopple. 3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton.", "hobbling": null, - "hobbs": null, "hobby": "A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking.\n\n1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson. 2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.] 3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.] Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne. Macaulay.", "hobbyhorse": "1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson. 2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.] 3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.] Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne. Macaulay.", "hobbyhorses": "1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson. 2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.] 3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.] Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne. Macaulay.", @@ -36153,16 +32056,12 @@ "hocked": null, "hockey": "1. A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals. 2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.]", "hocking": null, - "hockney": null, "hocks": "A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.\n\n1. (a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man. (b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot. 2. The popliteal space; the ham.\n\nTo disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.", "hockshop": null, "hockshops": null, "hod": "1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc. 2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.", - "hodge": null, "hodgepodge": "A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson. HODGKIN'S DISEASE Hodg`kin's dis*ease\". (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by progressive anæmia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.", "hodgepodges": "A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson. HODGKIN'S DISEASE Hodg`kin's dis*ease\". (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by progressive anæmia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.", - "hodges": null, - "hodgkin": null, "hods": "1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc. 2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.", "hoe": "1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle. 2. (Zoöl.) The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish. Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.\n\nTo cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn. To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]\n\nTo use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.", "hoecake": "A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe. [Southern U.S.]", @@ -36174,14 +32073,9 @@ "hoer": null, "hoers": null, "hoes": "1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle. 2. (Zoöl.) The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish. Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.\n\nTo cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn. To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]\n\nTo use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.", - "hoff": null, - "hoffa": null, - "hoffman": null, - "hofstadter": null, "hog": "1. (Zoöl.) A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera of Suidæ; esp., the domesticated varieties of S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow. Note: The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus. 2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.] 3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.] 4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water. Totten. 5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made. Bush hog, Ground hog, etc. See under Bush, Ground, etc. -- Hog caterpillar (Zoöl.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See Hawk moth. -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )-- Hog deer (Zoöl.), the axis deer. -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year. -- Hog peanut (Bot.), a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies. -- Hog's bean (Bot.), the plant henbane. -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. -- Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel. -- Mexican hog (Zoöl.), the peccary. -- Water hog. (Zoöl.) See Capybara.\n\n1. To cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart. 2. (Naut.) To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.\n\nTo become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.", "hogan": null, "hogans": null, - "hogarth": null, "hogback": "1. (Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of camber. 2. (Naut.) See Hogframe. 3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.", "hogbacks": "1. (Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of camber. 2. (Naut.) See Hogframe. 3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.", "hogged": "Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See Hog, v. i.", @@ -36195,13 +32089,7 @@ "hogtied": null, "hogties": null, "hogtying": null, - "hogwarts": null, "hogwash": "Swill. Arbuthnot.", - "hohenlohe": null, - "hohenstaufen": null, - "hohenzollern": null, - "hohhot": null, - "hohokam": null, "hoick": null, "hoicked": null, "hoicking": null, @@ -36217,15 +32105,10 @@ "hokier": null, "hokiest": null, "hoking": null, - "hokkaido": null, "hokum": null, - "hokusai": null, - "holbein": null, - "holcomb": null, "hold": "The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed.\n\n1. To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain. The loops held one curtain to another. Ex. xxxvi. 12. Thy right hand shall hold me. Ps. cxxxix. 10. They all hold swords, being expert in war. Cant. iii. In vain he seeks, that having can not hold. Spenser. France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, . . . A fasting tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold. Shak. 2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend. We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of deity or empire. Milton. 3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive title to; as, to hold office. This noble merchant held a noble house. Chaucer. Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly tribute. Knolles. And now the strand, and now the plain, they held. Dryden. 4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain. We can not hold mortality's strong hand. Shak. Death! what do'st O,hold thy blow. Grashaw. He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue. Macaulay. 5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain. Hold not thy peace, and be not still. Ps. lxxxiii. 1. Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold their course. Milton. 6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the result of united action; as to, hold a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at; as, the general held a council of war; a judge holds a court; a clergyman holds a service. I would hold more talk with thee. Shak. 7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail holds milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power for. Broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jer. ii. 13. One sees more devils than vast hell can hold. Shak. 8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain. Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught. 2 Thes. ii.15. But still he held his purpose to depart. Dryden. 9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge. I hold him but a fool. Shak. I shall never hold that man my friend. Shak. The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7. 10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he holds himself erect; he holds his head high. Let him hold his fingers thus. Shak. To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager. Swift. -- To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. \"The propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach.\" Locke. -- To held in, to restrain; to curd. -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in one's power. [Obs.] O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods, And hold a lady in hand. Beaw. & Fl. --To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally with. Macaulay. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to hold in being, continuance or position; as, to hold a rider on. -- To hold one's day, to keep one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To hold one's own. (a) To keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a ship holds her own when she does not lose ground in a race or chase; a man holds his own when he does not lose strength or weight. -- To hold one's peace, to keep silence.- To hold out. (a) To extend; to offer. \"Fortune holds out these to you as rewards.\" B. Jonson. (b) To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. \"He can not long hold out these pangs.\" Shak. -- To hold up. (a) To raise; to lift; as, hold up your head. (b) To support; to sustain. \"He holds himself up in virtue.\"Sir P. Sidney. (c) To exhibit; to display; as, he was held up as an example. (d) To rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold up your horses. -- To hold water. (a) Literally, to retain water without leaking; hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not hold water. [Collog.] (b) (Naut.) To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the headway of a boat.\n\nIn general, to keep one's self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence: 1. Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the imperative. And damned be him that first cries, \"Hold, enough!\" Shak. 2. Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued. Our force by land hath nobly held. Shak. 3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist. While our obedience holds. Milton. The rule holds in land as all other commodities. Locke. 4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to cleave;-often with with, to, or for. He will hold to the one and despise the other. Matt. vi. 24 5. To restrain one's self; to refrain. His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping, but his eyes rebelled. Dryden. 6. To derive right or title; -- generally with of. My crown is absolute, and holds of none. Dryden. His imagination holds immediately from nature. Hazlitt. Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop; forbear. [Collog] -- To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to preach. L'Estrange. -- To hold in, to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly hold in. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on. \"The trade held on for many years,\" Swift. -- To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's self; not to yield or give way. -- To hold over, to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain date. -- To hold to or with, to take sides with, as a person or opinion. -- To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union. Dryden. Locke. -- To hold up. (a) To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to hold up under misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it holds up. Hudibras. (c) To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground. Collier.\n\n1. The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe; possession; -- often used with the verbs take and lay. Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold. Chaucer. Thou should'st lay hold upon him. B. Jonson. My soul took hold on thee. Addison. Take fast hold of instruction. Pror. iv. 13. 2. The authority or ground to take or keep; claim. The law hath yet another hold on you. Shak. 3. Binding power and influence. Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold of. Tillotson. 4. Something that may be grasped; means of support. If a man be upon an high place without rails or good hold, he is ready to fall. Bacon. 5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard. They . . . put them in hold unto the next day. Acts. iv. 3. King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke. Shak. 6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often called a stronghold. Chaucer. New comers in an ancient hold Tennyson. 7. (Mus.) A character [thus pause, and corona.", "holdall": null, "holdalls": null, - "holden": null, "holder": "One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.\n\n1. One who, or that which, holds. 2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant. 3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it. Note: Holder is much used as the second part of a compound; as, shareholder, officeholder, stockholder,etc.", "holders": "One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.\n\n1. One who, or that which, holds. 2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant. 3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it. Note: Holder is much used as the second part of a compound; as, shareholder, officeholder, stockholder,etc.", "holding": "1. The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining. 2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another. 3. That which holds, binds, or influences. Burke. 4. The burden or chorus of a song. [Obs.] Shak. Holding note (Mus.), a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move.", @@ -36254,21 +32137,12 @@ "holism": null, "holistic": null, "holistically": null, - "holland": "A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or unbleached hollands.", - "hollander": "1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman. 2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner.", - "hollanders": "1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman. 2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner.", - "hollands": "1. Gin made in Holland. 2. pl. See Holland.", "holler": null, "hollered": null, "hollering": null, - "hollerith": null, "hollers": null, - "holley": null, - "hollie": null, "hollies": null, - "hollis": null, "hollow": "1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a hollow tree; a hollow sphere. Hollow with boards shalt thou make it. Ex. xxvii. 8.. 2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken. With hollow eye and wrinkled brow. Shak. 3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep; muffled; as, a hollow roar. Dryden. 4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a hollow heart; a hollow friend. Milton. Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase. -- Hollow quoin (Engin.), a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of the gates. -- Hollow root. (Bot.) See Moschatel. -- Hollow square. See Square. -- Hollow ware, hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc. Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless; deceitful; treacherous.\n\n1. A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the hand or of a tree. 2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface; a concavity; a channel. Forests grew Upon the barren hollows. Prior. I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little wood. Tennyson.\n\nTo make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate. \"Trees rudely hollowed.\" Dryden.\n\nWholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to beat, and often with all; as, this story beats the other all hollow. See All, adv. [Collog.] The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks hollow in the struggle for existence. Darwin.\n\nHollo.\n\nTo shout; to hollo. Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf ear. Fuller.\n\nTo urge or call by shouting. He has hollowed the hounds. Sir W. Scott.", - "holloway": null, "hollowed": null, "hollower": null, "hollowest": null, @@ -36279,13 +32153,9 @@ "holly": "Wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus Ilex. The European species (Ilex Aguifolium) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about Michaelmas. Note: The holly is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the Ilex opaca, and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine southward. Gray. 2. (Bot.) The holm oak. See 1st Holm. Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black scrub oak. See Scrub oak. -- Holly rose (Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (Turnera ulmifolia). -- Sea holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See Eryngium.", "hollyhock": "A species of Althæa (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also rose mallow.", "hollyhocks": "A species of Althæa (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also rose mallow.", - "hollywood": null, - "holman": null, - "holmes": null, "holmium": "A rare element said to be contained in gadolinite. -- Hol\"mic, a.", "holocaust": "1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations. Milton. 2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. Note: [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]", "holocausts": "1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations. Milton. 2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. Note: [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]", - "holocene": null, "hologram": null, "holograms": null, "holograph": "A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be.", @@ -36293,14 +32163,10 @@ "holographs": "A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be.", "holography": null, "hols": "Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "holst": null, - "holstein": "One of a breed of cattle, originally from Schleswig-Holstein, valued for the large amount of milk produced by the cows. The color is usually black and white in irregular patches.", - "holsteins": "One of a breed of cattle, originally from Schleswig-Holstein, valued for the large amount of milk produced by the cows. The color is usually black and white in irregular patches.", "holster": "A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle.", "holstered": "Bearing holsters. Byron.", "holstering": null, "holsters": "A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle.", - "holt": "3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill. \"Every holt and heath.\" Chaucer. She sent her voice though all the holt Before her, and the park. Tennyson. 2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place. \" The fox has gone to holt.\" C. Kingsley.", "holy": "1. Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use; holy vessels; a holy priesthood. \"Holy rites and solemn feasts.\" Milton. 2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God. Now through her round of holy thought The Church our annual steps has brought. Keble. Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of England. -- Holy bark. See Cascara sagrada. -- Holy Communion. See Eucharist. -- Holy family (Art), a picture in which the infant Christ, his parents, and others of his family are represented. -- Holy Father, a title of the pope. -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete. -- Holy Grail. See Grail. -- Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented grass (Hierochloa borealis and H. alpina). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern and western parts of the United States. Called also vanilla, or Seneca, grass. -- Holy Innocents' day, Childermas day. -- Holy Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity. -- Holy office, the Inquisition. -- Holy of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high priest once a year. -- Holy One. (a) The Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis. \" The Holy One of Israel.\" Is. xliii. 14. (b) One separated to the service of God. -- Holy orders. See Order. -- Holy rood, the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel. -- Holy rope, a plant, the hemp agrimony. -- Holy Saturday (Eccl.), the Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter. -- Holy Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above). -- Holy Spirit plant. See Dove plant. -- Holy thistle (Bot.), the blessed thistle. See under Thistle. -- Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a) (Episcopal Ch.) Ascension day. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday. -- Holy war, a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places. -- Holy water (Gr. & R. C. Churches), water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes. -- Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water. -- Holy Week (Eccl.), the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated. -- Holy writ, the sacred Scriptures. \" Word of holy writ.\" Wordsworth.", "homage": "1. (Feud. Law) A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign. 2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance. All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage. Hooker. I sought no homage from the race that write. Pope. 3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection. Chaucer. Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. -- Homage, Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our homage to men of preëminent usefulness and virtue, and profess our fealty to the principles by which they have been guided. Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet ! Dryden. Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of heaven. Milton.\n\n1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.] 2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley.", "homages": "1. (Feud. Law) A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign. 2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance. All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage. Hooker. I sought no homage from the race that write. Pope. 3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection. Chaucer. Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. -- Homage, Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our homage to men of preëminent usefulness and virtue, and profess our fealty to the principles by which they have been guided. Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet ! Dryden. Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of heaven. Milton.\n\n1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.] 2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley.", @@ -36342,7 +32208,6 @@ "homepages": null, "homer": "A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from a distance.\n\nSee Hoemother.\n\nA Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts. [Written also chomer, gomer.]", "homered": null, - "homeric": "Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer. Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so called because used by Homer in his epics.", "homering": null, "homeroom": null, "homerooms": null, @@ -36414,12 +32279,7 @@ "hon": null, "honcho": null, "honchos": null, - "honda": null, - "honduran": null, - "hondurans": null, - "honduras": null, "hone": "To pine; to lament; to long. Lamb.\n\nA kind of swelling in the cheek.\n\nA stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone. Tusser. Hone slateSee Polishing slate. -- Hone stone, one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See Novaculite.\n\nTo sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as, to hone a razor.", - "honecker": null, "honed": null, "honer": null, "honers": null, @@ -36452,9 +32312,6 @@ "honeys": "1. A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb. 2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey. The honey of his language. Shak. 3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment. Chaucer. Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus. Shak. Note: Honey is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as, honeydew or honey dew; honey guide or honeyguide; honey locust or honey-locust. Honey ant (Zoöl.), a small ant (Myrmecocystus melliger), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest. -- Honey badger (Zoöl.), the ratel. -- Honey bear. (Zoöl.) See Kinkajou. -- Honey buzzard (Zoöl.), a bird related to the kites, of the genus Pernis. The European species is P. apivorus; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is P. ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larvæ of bees. Called also bee hawk, bee kite. -- Honey creeper (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family Coerebidæ, abundant in Central and South America. -- Honey easter (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family Meliphagidæ, abundant in Australia and Oceania; - - called also honeysucker. -- Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub of the genus Melianthus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey. -- Honey guide (Zoöl.), one of several species of small birds of the family Indicatoridæ, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also honeybird, and indicator. -- Honey harvest, the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is gathered. Dryden. -- Honey kite. (Zoöl.) See Honey buzzard (above). -- Honey locust (Bot.), a North American tree (Gleditschia triacanthos), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds. -- Honey month. Same as Honeymoon. -- Honey weasel (Zoöl.), the ratel.\n\nTo be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn. \"Honeying and making love.\" Shak. Rough to common men, But honey at the whisper of a lord. Tennyson.\n\nTo make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey. Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech Marston.", "honeysuckle": "One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance. Note: The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata, the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora) is often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia. See French honeysuckle, under French.", "honeysuckles": "One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance. Note: The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata, the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora) is often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia. See French honeysuckle, under French.", - "honeywell": null, - "hong": "A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage. Hong merchant, one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with foreigners.\n\nTo hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "honiara": null, "honing": null, "honk": "The cry of a wild goose. -- Honk\"ing, n.", "honked": null, @@ -36464,7 +32321,6 @@ "honking": null, "honks": "The cry of a wild goose. -- Honk\"ing, n.", "honky": null, - "honolulu": null, "honor": "1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country. Matt. xiii. 57. 2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity. If she have forgot Honor and virtue. Shak. Godlike erect, with native honor clad. Milton. 3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege. Say, what is honor 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the human mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And guard the way of life from all offense Suffered or done. Wordsworth. I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more. Lovelace. 4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank. \"Restored me to my honors.\" Shak. I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor. 1 Kings iii. 13. Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Ps. civ. 1. 5. Fame; reputation; credit. Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation. Bacon. If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world. Rogers. 6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military honors; civil honors. \"Their funeral honors.\" Dryden. 7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; as, he is an honor to his nation. 8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under Honorable. 9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended. Cowell. 10. pl. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in classics. 11. pl. (Whist) The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor. Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself. -- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor or seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war (Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying. -- Law, or Code, of honor, certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. Paley. -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public. -- On one's honor, on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts on their honor. -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor. -- To do the honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment. \"To do the honors and to give the word.\" Pope. -- To do one honor, to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the honor, to have the privilege or distinction. -- Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.\n\n1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship. Honor thy father and thy mother. Ex. xx. 12. That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. John v. 23. It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance. Shak. 2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility. Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor. Esther vi. 9. The name of Cassius honors this corruption. Shak. 3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange.", "honorable": "1. Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious. Thy name and honorable family. Shak. 2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation. 3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an honorable motive. Is this proceeding just and honorable Shak. 4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds. Honorable wounds from battle brought. Dryden. 5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent with honor or rectitude. Marriage is honorable in all. Heb. xiii. 4. 6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; an honorable burial. 7. Of reputable association or use; respectable. Let her descend: my chambers are honorable. Shak. 8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the honorable Senate; the honorable gentleman. Note: Honorable is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors. Right honorable. See under Right.", "honorableness": "1. The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction. 2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.", @@ -36483,7 +32339,6 @@ "honoring": null, "honors": "1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country. Matt. xiii. 57. 2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity. If she have forgot Honor and virtue. Shak. Godlike erect, with native honor clad. Milton. 3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege. Say, what is honor 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the human mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And guard the way of life from all offense Suffered or done. Wordsworth. I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more. Lovelace. 4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank. \"Restored me to my honors.\" Shak. I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor. 1 Kings iii. 13. Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Ps. civ. 1. 5. Fame; reputation; credit. Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation. Bacon. If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world. Rogers. 6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military honors; civil honors. \"Their funeral honors.\" Dryden. 7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; as, he is an honor to his nation. 8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under Honorable. 9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended. Cowell. 10. pl. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in classics. 11. pl. (Whist) The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor. Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself. -- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor or seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war (Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying. -- Law, or Code, of honor, certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. Paley. -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public. -- On one's honor, on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts on their honor. -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor. -- To do the honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment. \"To do the honors and to give the word.\" Pope. -- To do one honor, to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the honor, to have the privilege or distinction. -- Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.\n\n1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship. Honor thy father and thy mother. Ex. xx. 12. That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. John v. 23. It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance. Shak. 2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility. Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor. Esther vi. 9. The name of Cassius honors this corruption. Shak. 3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange.", "hons": null, - "honshu": null, "hooch": null, "hood": "1. State; condition. [Obs.] How could thou ween, through that disguised hood To hide thy state from being understood Spenser. 2. A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often attached to the body garment; especially: (a) A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed. (b) A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl. \"All hoods make not monks.\" Shak. (c) A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure. (d) An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; as, a master's hood. (e) A covering for a horse's head. (f) (Falconry) A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See Illust. of Falcon. 3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use; as: (a) The top or head of a carriage. (b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by turning with the wind. (c) A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue. (d) The top of a pump. (e) (Ord.) A covering for a mortar. (f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also helmet. Gray. (g) (Naut.) A covering or porch for a companion hatch. 4. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern.\n\n1. To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage. The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned. Pope. 2. To cover; to hide; to blind. While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, \"Amen.\" Shak. Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern post.", "hooded": "1. Covered with a hood. 2. Furnished with a hood or something like a hood. 3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds. (b) Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as, the hooded seal; a hooded snake. Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus cornix); -- called also hoody, dun crow, and royston crow. -- Hooded gull, the European black-headed pewit or gull. -- Hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded seal, a large North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata). The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also hoodcap. -- Hooded sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded snake. See Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc. -- Hooded warbler, a small American warbler (Sylvania mitrata).", @@ -36511,7 +32366,6 @@ "hook": "1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything; as, a hook for catching fish; a hook for fastening a gate; a boat hook, etc. 2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door or gate hangs and turns. 3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook. Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook. Pope. 4. (Steam Engin.) See Eccentric, and V-hook. 5. A snare; a trap. [R.] Shak. 6. A field sown two years in succession. [Prov. Eng.] 7. pl. The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called also hook bones. By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect. Milton. \"In hope her to attain by hook or crook.\" Spenser. -- Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered. [Colloq.] \"In the evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off the hooks that the ships are not gone out of the river.\" Pepys. -- On one's own hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- To go off the hooks, to die. [Colloq.] Thackeray. -- Bid hook, a small boat hook. -- Chain hook. See under Chain. -- Deck hook, a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the forward part of the deck rests. -- Hook and eye, one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite edges of a garment, etc. -- Hook bill (Zoöl.), the strongly curved beak of a bird. -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a wall. -- Hook motion (Steam Engin.), a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks. -- Hook squid, any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis. -- Hook wrench, a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling.\n\n1. To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to hook a dress; to hook a trout. Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice. W. Collins. 2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore. 3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] To hook on, to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook.\n\nTo bend; to curve as a hook.", "hookah": "A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.", "hookahs": "A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.", - "hooke": null, "hooked": "1. Having the form of a hookl curvated; as, the hooked bill of a bird. 2. Provided with a hook or hooks. \"The hooked chariot.\" Milton.", "hooker": "1. One who, or that which, hooks. 2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft. HOOKE'S GEARING Hooke's\" gear\"ing. Etym: [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle. HOOKE'S JOINT Hooke's joint. Etym: [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) A universal joint. See under Universal.", "hookers": "1. One who, or that which, hooks. 2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft. HOOKE'S GEARING Hooke's\" gear\"ing. Etym: [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle. HOOKE'S JOINT Hooke's joint. Etym: [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) A universal joint. See under Universal.", @@ -36527,15 +32381,12 @@ "hooligans": null, "hoop": "1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc. 2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese. 3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural. Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale. Pope. 4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops. [Obs.] 5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell. Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively. -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also hoop petticoat. -- Hoop snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of the Southern United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the Mahogany family.\n\n1. To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon. 2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak.\n\n1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.] 2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop. Hooping cough. (Med.) See Whooping cough.\n\n1. To drive or follow with a shout. \"To be hooped out of Rome.\" Shak. 2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.\n\n1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough. 2. (Zoöl.) The hoopoe. See Hoopoe.", "hooped": null, - "hooper": "One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.\n\nThe European whistling, or wild, swan (Olor cygnus); -- called also hooper swan, whooping swan, and elk.", "hooping": null, "hoopla": null, "hoops": "1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc. 2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese. 3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural. Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale. Pope. 4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops. [Obs.] 5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell. Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively. -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also hoop petticoat. -- Hoop snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of the Southern United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the Mahogany family.\n\n1. To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon. 2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak.\n\n1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.] 2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop. Hooping cough. (Med.) See Whooping cough.\n\n1. To drive or follow with a shout. \"To be hooped out of Rome.\" Shak. 2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.\n\n1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough. 2. (Zoöl.) The hoopoe. See Hoopoe.", "hooray": null, "hoosegow": null, "hoosegows": null, - "hoosier": "A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana. [U.S.]", - "hoosiers": "A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana. [U.S.]", "hoot": "1. To cry out or shout in contempt. Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more. Dryden. 2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl. The clamorous owl that nightly hoots. Shak.\n\nTo assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts. Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat. Swift.\n\n1. A derisive cry or shout. Glanvill. 2. The cry of an owl. Hoot owl (Zoöl.), the barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum). See Barred owl.", "hooted": null, "hootenannies": null, @@ -36560,11 +32411,7 @@ "hopelessly": null, "hopelessness": null, "hopes": "1. A sloping plain between mountain ridges. [Obs.] 2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven. [Scot.] Jamieson.\n\n1. A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy. The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job vii. 13. He wished, but not with hope. Milton. New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble. 2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good. The Lord will be the hope of his people. Joel iii. 16. A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of learning was highly commendable. Macaulay. 3. That which is hoped for; an object of hope. Lavina is thine elder brother's hope. Shak.\n\n1. To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for. \"Hope for good success.\" Jer. Taylor. But I will hope continually. Ps. lxxi. 14. 2. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; -- usually followed by in. \"I hope in thy word.\" Ps. cxix. 81. Why art thou cast down, O my soul and why art thou disquieted within me Hope thou in God. Ps. xlii. 11.\n\n1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of. We hope no other from your majesty. Shak. [Charity] hopeth all things. 1 Cor. xiii. 7. 2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] \"I hope he will be dead.\" Chaucer. Note: Hope is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. \"I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood.\" Mrs. Centlivre.", - "hopewell": null, - "hopi": null, "hoping": null, - "hopis": null, - "hopkins": null, "hopped": "Impregnated with hops.", "hopper": "1. One who, or that which, hops. 2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car. 3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2. 4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva of a cheese fly. 6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping scow. Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.", "hoppers": "1. One who, or that which, hops. 2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car. 3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2. 4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva of a cheese fly. 6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping scow. Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.", @@ -36575,10 +32422,7 @@ "hopscotches": null, "hopscotching": null, "hora": null, - "horace": null, - "horacio": null, "horas": null, - "horatio": null, "horde": "A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson.", "horded": null, "hordes": "A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson.", @@ -36590,16 +32434,12 @@ "horizontal": "1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. \"Horizontal misty air.\" Milton. 2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface. 3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. -- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. -- Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation. -- Horizontal force (Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. -- Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found. -- Horizontal parallax. See under Parallax. -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. -- Horizontal projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon. -- Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.", "horizontally": "In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; as, moving horizontally.", "horizontals": "1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. \"Horizontal misty air.\" Milton. 2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface. 3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. -- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. -- Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation. -- Horizontal force (Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. -- Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found. -- Horizontal parallax. See under Parallax. -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. -- Horizontal projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon. -- Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.", - "hormel": null, "hormonal": null, "hormone": "A chemical substance formed in one organ and carried in the circulation to another organ on which it exerts a stimulating effect; thus, according to Starling, the gastric glands are stimulated by a hormone from the pyloric mucous membrane.", "hormones": "A chemical substance formed in one organ and carried in the circulation to another organ on which it exerts a stimulating effect; thus, according to Starling, the gastric glands are stimulated by a hormone from the pyloric mucous membrane.", - "hormuz": null, "horn": "1. A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed. 2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed. 3. (Zoöl.) Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: (a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout. 4. (Bot.) An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias). 5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as: (a) A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. \"Wind his horn under the castle wall.\" Spenser. See French horn, under French. (b) A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle. \"Horns of mead and ale.\" Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. \"Fruits and flowers from Amalthæa's horn.\" Milton. (d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. \"Samuel took the hornof oil and anointed him [David].\" 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e) The pointed beak of an anvil. (f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g) (Arch.) The Ionic volute. (h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc. (i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the fore part of a plane. (j) One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering. \"Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar.\" 1 Kings ii. 28. 6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped. The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns. Thomson. 7. (Mil.) The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form. Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx. Milton. 8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn. 9. (Script.) A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride. The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation. Ps. xviii. 2. 10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. \"Thicker than a cuckold's horn.\" Shak. Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called horn plate. -- Horn of a dilemma. See under Dilemma. -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of lead. -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak. -- Horn mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also horned poppy. Gray. -- Horn pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of mercury. -- Horn shell (Zoöl.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied genera. -- Horn silver (Min.), cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone. -- To haul in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.] -- To raise, or lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. \"'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou lift thy horn\" Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low]\n\n1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to. 2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak.", "hornbeam": "A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The American is called also blue beech and water beech. Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under Hop.", "hornblende": "The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species. Hornblende schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure.", - "hornblower": "One who, or that which, blows a horn.", - "horne": null, "horned": "Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like a horn. The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip. Coleridge. Horned bee (Zoöl.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two little horns on the head. -- Horned dace (Zoöl.), an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See Illust. of Chub. -- Horned frog (Zoöl.), a very large Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe (Zoöl.), a species of grebe (Colymbus auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse (Zoöl.), the gnu. -- Horned lark (Zoöl.), the shore lark. -- Horned lizard (Zoöl.), the horned toad. -- Horned owl (Zoöl.), a large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared owl, under Eared. -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn. -- Horned pout (Zoöl.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout. -- Horned rattler (Zoöl.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also sidewinder. -- Horned ray (Zoöl.), the sea devil. -- Horned screamer (Zoöl.), the kamichi. -- Horned snake (Zoöl.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zoöl.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes.", "hornet": "A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white- faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits. Hornet fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]", "hornets": "A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white- faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits. Hornet fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]", @@ -36618,7 +32458,6 @@ "horology": "The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.", "horoscope": "1. (Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune. 2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus. 3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places. Heyse.", "horoscopes": "1. (Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune. 2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus. 3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places. Heyse.", - "horowitz": null, "horrendous": "Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I. Watts.", "horrendously": null, "horrible": "Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story; a horrible murder. A dungeon horrible on all sides round. Milton. Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.", @@ -36675,20 +32514,16 @@ "horsiest": null, "horsing": null, "hortatory": "Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland.", - "horthy": null, "horticultural": "Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.", "horticulturalist": null, "horticulturalists": null, "horticulture": "The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.", "horticulturist": "One who practices horticulture.", "horticulturists": "One who practices horticulture.", - "horton": null, - "horus": null, "hos": "Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.\n\nA stop; a halt; a moderation of pace. There is no ho with them. Decker.\n\n1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. \"What noise there, ho\" Shak. \"Ho! who's within\" Shak. 2. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.] Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly, hoo.] The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried \"Hoo!\" Chaucer. An herald on a scaffold made an hoo. Chaucer.", "hosanna": "A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings. \"Hosanna to the Highest.\" Milton. Hosanna to the Son of David. Matt. xxi. 9.", "hosannas": "A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings. \"Hosanna to the Highest.\" Milton. Hosanna to the Son of David. Matt. xxi. 9.", "hose": "1. Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee. These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments. Dan. iii. 21. His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank. Shak. 2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings. 3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine. Hose carriage, cart, or truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end. -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them.", - "hosea": null, "hosed": null, "hosepipe": null, "hosepipes": null, @@ -36768,22 +32603,17 @@ "hotness": "1. The quality or state of being hot. 2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold.", "hotplate": null, "hotplates": null, - "hotpoint": null, "hotpot": null, "hotpots": null, "hots": "of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. \"A hotvenison pasty.\" Shak. 2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager. Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful. Dryden. There was mouthing in hot haste. Byron. 3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak. 4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard. Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit. -- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump. -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.", "hotshot": null, "hotshots": null, "hotted": null, - "hottentot": "1. (Ethnol.) One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts. 2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds. Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant.", - "hottentots": "1. (Ethnol.) One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts. 2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds. Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant.", "hotter": null, "hottest": null, "hottie": null, "hotties": null, "hotting": null, - "houdini": null, - "houma": null, "hound": "1. (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc. Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs. Shak. 2. A despicable person. \"Boy! false hound!\" Shak. 3. (Zoöl.) A houndfish. 4. pl. (Naut.) Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on. 5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle. To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds.\n\n1. To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a hare; to hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall. 2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange.", "hounded": null, "hounding": "1. The act of one who hounds. 2. (Naut.) The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck. HOUND'S-TONGUE Hound's\"-tongue`, n. Etym: [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.) A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue- shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also dog's-tongue.", @@ -36859,10 +32689,6 @@ "housework": "The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.", "housing": "1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation. 2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan. 3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another. (b) A niche for a statue. 4. (Mach.) A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc. 5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline.\n\n1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings. 2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.", "housings": "1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation. 2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan. 3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another. (b) A niche for a statue. 4. (Mach.) A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc. 5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline.\n\n1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings. 2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.", - "housman": null, - "houston": null, - "houyhnhnm": "One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.", - "hov": null, "hove": "of Heave. Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To heave a ship to, etc., under Heave.\n\nTo rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.] Holland. Burns.\n\nTo hover around; to loiter; to lurk. [Obs.] Gower.", "hovel": "1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C. 2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut. 3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. Knight.\n\nTo put in a hovel; to shelter. To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon. Shak. The poor are hoveled and hustled together. Tennyson.", "hovels": "1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C. 2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut. 3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. Knight.\n\nTo put in a hovel; to shelter. To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon. Shak. The poor are hoveled and hustled together. Tennyson.", @@ -36874,16 +32700,11 @@ "hovered": null, "hovering": null, "hovers": "A cover; a shelter; a protection. [Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley.\n\n1. To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something. Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on it. Addison. A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight. Dryden. 2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely. Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast. Milton. Hovering o'er the paper with her quill. Shak.", - "hovhaness": null, "how": "1. In what manner or way; by what means or process. How can a man be born when he is old John iii. 4. 2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality. O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97. By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth. Bentley. 3. For what reason; from what cause. How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale Shak. 4. In what state, condition, or plight. How, and with what reproach, shall I return Dryden. 5. By what name, designation, or title. How art thou called Shak. 6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.] How a score of ewes now Shak. Note: How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. \"How are the mighty fallen!\" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley. Let me beg you -- don't say \"How\" for \"What\" Holmes.", - "howard": null, "howbeit": "Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however. The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not -Is of a constant, loving, noble nature. Shak.", "howdah": "A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.]", "howdahs": "A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.]", "howdy": "A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]", - "howe": null, - "howell": "The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.", - "howells": "The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.", "however": "1. In whetever manner, way, or degree. However yet they me despise and spite. Spenser. Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault. Shak. 2. At all events; at least; in any case. Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the greatest evils. Tillotson.\n\nNevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it. In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took a better way. Dryden. Syn. -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has not yet fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain the rights of conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as, nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.", "howitzer": "(a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.", "howitzers": "(a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.", @@ -36893,45 +32714,26 @@ "howlers": "1. One who howls. 2. (Zoöl.) Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.", "howling": null, "howls": "1. To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do. And dogs in corners set them down to howl. Drayton. Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears. Shak. 2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail. Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Is. xiii. 6. 3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast. Wild howled the wind. Sir W. Scott. Howling monkey. (Zoöl.) See Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10.\n\nTo utter with outcry. \"Go . . . howl it out in deserts.\" Philips.\n\n1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound. 2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.", - "howrah": null, "hows": "1. In what manner or way; by what means or process. How can a man be born when he is old John iii. 4. 2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality. O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97. By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth. Bentley. 3. For what reason; from what cause. How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale Shak. 4. In what state, condition, or plight. How, and with what reproach, shall I return Dryden. 5. By what name, designation, or title. How art thou called Shak. 6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.] How a score of ewes now Shak. Note: How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. \"How are the mighty fallen!\" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley. Let me beg you -- don't say \"How\" for \"What\" Holmes.", "howsoever": "1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however. I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes. Shak. 2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak.", "hoyden": "Same as Hoiden.", "hoydenish": null, "hoydens": "Same as Hoiden.", - "hoyle": null, "hp": null, - "hpv": null, - "hq": null, "hr": null, - "hrh": null, - "hrothgar": null, "hrs": null, - "hs": "the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8. Note: The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. ê. The Greek H is from Phoenician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. csata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.\n\nThe seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.", - "hsbc": null, - "hst": null, "ht": null, - "html": null, - "hts": null, - "http": null, - "huang": null, "huarache": null, "huaraches": null, "hub": "1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box. 2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell. 3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby. 4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast. 5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc. 6. A screw hob. See Hob, 3. 7. A block for scotching a wheel. Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]", - "hubbard": null, "hubbies": null, - "hubble": null, "hubbub": "A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton. This hubbub of unmeaning words. Macaulay.", "hubbubs": "A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton. This hubbub of unmeaning words. Macaulay.", "hubby": "Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is hubby. [U.S.]", "hubcap": null, "hubcaps": null, - "hubei": null, - "huber": null, - "hubert": null, "hubris": null, "hubs": "1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box. 2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell. 3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby. 4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast. 5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc. 6. A screw hob. See Hob, 3. 7. A block for scotching a wheel. Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]", - "huck": "To higgle in trading. [Obs.] Holland.", "huckleberries": null, "huckleberry": "(a) The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G. resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry. Squaw huckleberry. See Deeberry.", "huckster": "1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift. 2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.\n\nTo deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.", @@ -36939,18 +32741,13 @@ "huckstering": null, "hucksterism": null, "hucksters": "1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift. 2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.\n\nTo deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.", - "hud": "A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.", - "huddersfield": null, "huddle": "To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd. The cattle huddled on the lea. Tennyson. Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic- struck deer. Prescott.\n\n1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system. Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion. Locke. 2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. \"Huddle up a peace.\" J. H. Newman. Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled when the skies are fair. Dryden. Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone. Swift.\n\nA crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion. \"A huddle of ideas.\" Addison.", "huddled": null, "huddles": "To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd. The cattle huddled on the lea. Tennyson. Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic- struck deer. Prescott.\n\n1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system. Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion. Locke. 2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. \"Huddle up a peace.\" J. H. Newman. Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled when the skies are fair. Dryden. Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone. Swift.\n\nA crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion. \"A huddle of ideas.\" Addison.", "huddling": null, - "hudson": null, "hue": "1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. \"Flowers of all hue.\" Milton. Hues of the rich unfolding morn. Keble. 2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.\n\nA shouting or vociferation. Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill.", "hued": "Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many- hued. Chaucer.", - "huerta": null, "hues": "1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. \"Flowers of all hue.\" Milton. Hues of the rich unfolding morn. Keble. 2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.\n\nA shouting or vociferation. Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill.", - "huey": null, "huff": "1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew. 2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully. You must not presume to huff us. Echard. 3. (Draughts) To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.\n\n1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs. 2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense. THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the doctrine of repentance. South. 3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.\n\n1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. \"Left the place in a huff.\" W. Irving. 2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance. Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit. South. To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.", "huffed": null, "huffier": null, @@ -36958,7 +32755,6 @@ "huffily": null, "huffiness": "The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper. Ld. Lytton.", "huffing": null, - "huffman": null, "huffs": "1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew. 2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully. You must not presume to huff us. Echard. 3. (Draughts) To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.\n\n1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs. 2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense. THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the doctrine of repentance. South. 3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.\n\n1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. \"Left the place in a huff.\" W. Irving. 2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance. Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit. South. To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.", "huffy": "1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread. 2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.", "hug": "1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave. 2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. \"And huggen me in his arms.\" Shak. 2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish. We hug deformities if they bear our names. Glanvill. 3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind. To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.\n\nA close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling. Fuller.", @@ -36969,16 +32765,8 @@ "hugest": null, "hugged": null, "hugging": null, - "huggins": null, - "hugh": null, - "hughes": null, - "hugo": null, "hugs": "1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave. 2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. \"And huggen me in his arms.\" Shak. 2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish. We hug deformities if they bear our names. Glanvill. 3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind. To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.\n\nA close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling. Fuller.", - "huguenot": "A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.", - "huguenots": "A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.", "huh": null, - "hui": null, - "huitzilopotchli": null, "hula": null, "hulas": null, "hulk": "1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. \"Some well-timbered hulk.\" Spenser. 2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat. 3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak. Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship. -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. [Eng.] Dickens.\n\nTo take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare. [R.] Beau. & Fl.", @@ -37021,7 +32809,6 @@ "humanoid": null, "humanoids": null, "humans": "Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices. To err is human; to forgive, divine. Pope.\n\nA human being. [Colloq.] Sprung of humans that inhabit earth. Chapman. We humans often find ourselves in strange position. Prof. Wilson.", - "humberto": null, "humble": "1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage. THy humble nest built on the ground. Cowley. 2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest. God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. Jas. iv. 6. She should be humble who would please. Prior. Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation. Washington. Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa (M. sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or humbles of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray.\n\nHornless. See Hummel. [Scot.]\n\n1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate. Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled to all strokes. Shak. The genius which humbled six marshals of France. Macaulay. 2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively. Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you. 1 Pet. v. 6. Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.", "humbled": null, "humbleness": "The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.", @@ -37032,7 +32819,6 @@ "humbling": null, "humblings": null, "humbly": "With humility; lowly. Pope.", - "humboldt": null, "humbug": "1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax. 2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness. 3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor. Sir J. Stephen.\n\nTo deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.", "humbugged": null, "humbugging": null, @@ -37040,7 +32826,6 @@ "humdinger": null, "humdingers": null, "humdrum": "Monotonous; dull; commonplace. \"A humdrum crone.\" Bryant.\n\n1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson. 2. Monotonous and tedious routine. Dissatisfied with humdrum. The Nation. 3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.", - "hume": null, "humeral": "Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial. Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands.", "humeri": null, "humerus": "(a) The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.", @@ -37065,7 +32850,6 @@ "humiliations": "1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification. Bp. Hopkins. 2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission. The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of manhood. Hooker.", "humility": "1. The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness. Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts xx. 19. 2. An act of submission or courtesy. With these humilities they satisfied the young king. Sir J. Davies. Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. -- Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves.", "hummed": null, - "hummel": "To separate from the awns; -- said of barley. [Scot.]\n\nHaving no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow. [Scot.]", "hummer": "1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming. Ainsworth. 2. (Zoöl.) A humming bird.", "hummers": "1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming. Ainsworth. 2. (Zoöl.) A humming bird.", "humming": "Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.\n\nA sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum. Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden. -- Humming bird (Zoöl.), any bird of the family Trochilidæ, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is Trochilus culubris. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat. -- Humming-bird moth (Zoöl.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under Hawk, the bird.", @@ -37097,16 +32881,11 @@ "humph": "An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.", "humphed": null, "humphing": null, - "humphrey": null, - "humphreys": null, "humphs": "An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.", "humping": null, "humps": "1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back. 2. (Zoöl.) A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.", "hums": "1. To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher. Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep. Pope. 2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone. The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums. Shak. 3. Etym: [Cf. Hum, interj.] To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem. 4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise. Here the spectators hummed. Trial of the Regicides. Note: Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing. 5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a pathological condition.\n\n1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to hum a tune. 2. To express satisfaction with by humming. 3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug. [Colloq. & Low]\n\n1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz. The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums. Shak. 2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as: (a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of industry. But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men. Byron. (b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay. 3. An imposition or hoax. 4. Etym: [Cf. Hem, interj.] An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc. THese shrugs, these hums and ha's. Shak. 5. Etym: [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.] A kind of strong drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Venous hum. See under Venous.\n\nAhem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation. Pope.", "humus": "That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils. Graham.", - "humvee": null, - "hun": "One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.", - "hunan": null, "hunch": "1. A hump; a protuberance. 2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread. 3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.\n\n1. To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly. 2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back. Dryden.", "hunchback": "A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.", "hunchbacked": "Having a humped back.", @@ -37122,9 +32901,6 @@ "hundredweight": "A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton, beingthe legal ton.", "hundredweights": "A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton, beingthe legal ton.", "hung": "of Hang. Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.", - "hungarian": "Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. -- n. A native or one of the people of Hungary. Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet.", - "hungarians": "Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. -- n. A native or one of the people of Hungary. Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet.", - "hungary": "A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hungary water, a distilled \"water,\" made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.", "hunger": "1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food. Note: The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment. 2. Any strong eager desire. O sacred hunger of ambitious minds! Spenser. For hunger of my gold I die. Dryden.\n\n1. To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger. 2. To have an eager desire; to long. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness. Matt. v. 6.\n\nTo make hungry; to famish.", "hungered": "Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton.", "hungering": null, @@ -37144,22 +32920,16 @@ "hunkiest": null, "hunks": "A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard. Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old hunks. Gray.", "hunky": "All right; in a good condition; also, even; square. [Slang, U. S.] He . . . began to shoot; began to get \"hunky\" with all those people who had been plugging at him. Stephen Crane.", - "huns": "One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.", - "hunspell": null, "hunt": "1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer. Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. Tennyson. 2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence. Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps. cxl. 11. 3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish. 4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds. He hunts a pack of dogs. Addison. 5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or the country.\n\n1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds. Esau went to the field to hunt for venison. Gen. xxvii. 5. 2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after. He after honor hunts, I after love. Shak. To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search. The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray. Shak. 2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.] 4. An association of huntsmen. 5. A district of country hunted over. Every landowner within the hunt. London Field.", "hunted": null, "hunter": "1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman. 2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. Shak. 3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting. 4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter. No keener hunter after glory breathes. Tennyson. 5. (Zoöl.) A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting. 6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover. Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under Differential.", "hunters": "1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman. 2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. Shak. 3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting. 4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter. No keener hunter after glory breathes. Tennyson. 5. (Zoöl.) A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting. 6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover. Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under Differential.", "hunting": "The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith. Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below). -- Hunting cat (Zoöl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth. -- Hunting dog (Zoöl.), the hyena dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game. -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting leopard (Zoöl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting. -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt, a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. -- Hunting spider (Zoöl.), a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider. -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6.", - "huntington": null, - "huntley": null, "huntress": "A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress Diana. Shak.", "huntresses": null, "hunts": "1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer. Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. Tennyson. 2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence. Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps. cxl. 11. 3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish. 4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds. He hunts a pack of dogs. Addison. 5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or the country.\n\n1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds. Esau went to the field to hunt for venison. Gen. xxvii. 5. 2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after. He after honor hunts, I after love. Shak. To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search. The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray. Shak. 2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.] 4. An association of huntsmen. 5. A district of country hunted over. Every landowner within the hunt. London Field.", "huntsman": "1. One who hunts, or who practices hunting. 2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds. L'Estrange. Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea).", "huntsmen": null, - "huntsville": null, - "hurd": null, "hurdle": "1. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes. 2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution. Bacon. 3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race. Hurdle race, a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.\n\nTo hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton.", "hurdled": null, "hurdler": null, @@ -37170,10 +32940,8 @@ "hurled": null, "hurler": "One who hurls, or plays at hurling.", "hurlers": "One who hurls, or plays at hurling.", - "hurley": null, "hurling": "1. The act of throwing with force. 2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played. Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball. Carew.", "hurls": "1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance. And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main. Pope. 2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl charges or invective. Spenser. 3. Etym: [Cf. Whirl.] To twist or turn. \"Hurled or crooked feet.\" [Obs.] Fuller.\n\n1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.] 2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another). God shall hurl at him and not spare. Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ). 3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling.\n\n1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling. Congreve. 2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles. 3. (Hat Manuf.) A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.", - "huron": null, "hurrah": "A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome. Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre. Macaulay.\n\nA cheer; a shout of joy, etc. Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion. [Colloq. U.S.] A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen. Mrs. Stowe.\n\nTo utter hurrahs; to huzza.\n\nTo salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.", "hurrahed": null, "hurrahing": null, @@ -37185,7 +32953,6 @@ "hurries": "A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.", "hurry": "1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on. Impetuous lust hurries him on. South. They hurried him abroad a bark. Shak. 2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity. And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your doubtful friends. Shak. 3. To cause to be done quickly. Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.\n\nTo move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us hurry. To hurry up, to make haste. [Colloq.]\n\nThe act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion. Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent hurry of thought. Addison. Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.", "hurrying": null, - "hurst": "A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazlehurst.", "hurt": "(a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2.\n\n1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully. The hurt lion groans within his den. Dryden. 2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm. Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt. Milton. 3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. \"I am angry and hurt.\" Thackeray.", "hurtful": "Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct. Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive. -- Hurt\"ful*ly, adv. -- Hurt\"ful*ness, n.", "hurtfully": null, @@ -37196,7 +32963,6 @@ "hurtles": "1. To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle. Together hurtled both their steeds. Fairfax. 2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish. Now hurtling round, advantage for to take. Spenser. Down the hurtling cataract of the ages. R. L. Stevenson. 3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shak. The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground. Mrs. Browning.\n\n1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish. [Obs.] His harmful club he gan to hurtle high. Spenser. 2. To push; to jostle; to hurl. And he hurtleth with his horse adown. Chaucer.", "hurtling": null, "hurts": "(a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2.\n\n1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully. The hurt lion groans within his den. Dryden. 2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm. Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt. Milton. 3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. \"I am angry and hurt.\" Thackeray.", - "hus": null, "husband": "1. The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family. [Obs.] 2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak. The painful husband, plowing up his ground. Hakewill. He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations. Evelyn. 3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist. [R.] God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband, to improve the short remnant left me. Fuller. 4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife. The husband and wife are one person in law. Blackstone. 5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden. A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts.\n\n1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy. For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far. Shak. 2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.] Land so trim and rarely husbanded. Evelyn. 3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak.", "husbanded": null, "husbanding": null, @@ -37222,10 +32988,7 @@ "husky": "Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. Dryden.\n\nRough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice.", "hussar": "Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.", "hussars": "Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.", - "hussein": null, - "husserl": null, "hussies": null, - "hussite": "A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.", "hussy": "1. A housewife or housekeeper. [Obs.] 2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach. Grew. 3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely. Goldsmith.\n\nA case or bag. See Housewife, 2.", "hustings": "1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant. Mozley & W. 2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament. 3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors. [Eng.] When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies. Tennyson.", "hustle": "To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay.\n\nTo push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry. Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -37234,16 +32997,10 @@ "hustlers": null, "hustles": "To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay.\n\nTo push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry. Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed. Sir W. Scott.", "hustling": null, - "huston": null, "hut": "A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure. Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut. Bp. Coxe.", "hutch": "To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter quarters. The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown. W. Irving.\n\n1. A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch. 2. A measure of two Winchester bushels. 3. (Mining) The case of a flour bolt. 4. (Mining) (a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit. (b) A jig for washing ore. Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc.\n\n1. To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] \"She hutched the . . . ore.\" Milton. 2. (Mining) To wash (ore) in a box or jig.", "hutches": null, - "hutchinson": null, "huts": "A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure. Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut. Bp. Coxe.", - "hutton": null, - "hutu": null, - "huxley": null, - "huygens": null, "huzzah": null, "huzzahed": null, "huzzahing": null, @@ -37251,7 +33008,6 @@ "hwy": null, "hyacinth": "1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru. 2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon. Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.", "hyacinths": "1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru. 2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon. Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.", - "hyades": "A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun. Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyaned Vext the dim sea. Tennyson.", "hybrid": "The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.\n\nProduced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid nature.", "hybridism": "The state or quality of being hybrid.", "hybridization": "The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.", @@ -37260,8 +33016,6 @@ "hybridizes": "To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.", "hybridizing": null, "hybrids": "The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.\n\nProduced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid nature.", - "hyde": null, - "hyderabad": null, "hydra": "1. (Class. Myth.) A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster. Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. Milton. 2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort. 3. (Zoöl.) Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker. Note: The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called hydras. 4. (Astron.) A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.", "hydrangea": "A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.", "hydrangeas": "A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.", @@ -37361,7 +33115,6 @@ "hypercube": null, "hyperglycemia": null, "hyperinflation": null, - "hyperion": "The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty. So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak.", "hyperlink": null, "hyperlinked": null, "hyperlinking": null, @@ -37462,12 +33215,7 @@ "hysterical": "Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful. With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience. Bancroft.", "hysterically": null, "hysterics": "Hysteria.", - "hyundai": null, - "hz": null, "i": "1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Phoenician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Phoenician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete. Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. ynne; E. dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in pine, ice; and the short sound, as in pîn. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial, Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in oil, join, coin. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106. Note: The dot which we place over the small or lower case i dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together. 2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it. 3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc.\n\nThe nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.", - "ia": null, - "iaccoca": null, - "iago": null, "iamb": "An iambus or iambic. [R.]", "iambi": null, "iambic": "1. (Pros.) Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot. 2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. See Lambus.\n\n1. (Pros.) (a) An iambic foot; an iambus. (b) A verse composed of iambic feet. Note: The following couplet consists of iambic verses. Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame In keen | iam- | bics, but | mild an- | agram. Dryden. 2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.", @@ -37475,28 +33223,13 @@ "iambs": "An iambus or iambic. [R.]", "iambus": "A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in âmans, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n.", "iambuses": null, - "ian": null, - "iapetus": null, - "ibadan": null, - "iberia": null, - "iberian": "Of or pertaining to Iberia.", "ibex": "One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok. Note: The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns.", "ibexes": null, "ibid": null, "ibidem": "In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib.", "ibis": "Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the family Ibidæ, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles. Note: The sacred ibis of the ancient Egyptians (Ibis Æthiopica) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconidæ). See Wood ibis.", "ibises": null, - "ibiza": null, - "iblis": null, - "ibm": null, - "ibo": null, - "ibsen": null, "ibuprofen": null, - "icahn": null, - "icarus": null, - "icbm": null, - "icbms": null, - "icc": null, "ice": "1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4° C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats. Note: Water freezes at 32° F. or 0° Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it. 2. Concreted sugar. Johnson. 3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen. 4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice. Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink Etym: [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box or chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream Etym: [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glacé. -- Ice petrel (Zoöl.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. ice sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.\n\n1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice. 2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc. 3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.", "iceberg": "A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean. Note: Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea.", "icebergs": "A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean. Note: Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea.", @@ -37510,10 +33243,6 @@ "icecap": null, "icecaps": null, "iced": "1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water. 2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; as, iced cake. Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice.", - "iceland": null, - "icelander": "A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.", - "icelanders": "A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.", - "icelandic": "Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders.\n\nThe language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken.", "iceman": "1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers. 2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice.", "icemen": null, "ices": "1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4° C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats. Note: Water freezes at 32° F. or 0° Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it. 2. Concreted sugar. Johnson. 3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen. 4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice. Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink Etym: [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box or chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream Etym: [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glacé. -- Ice petrel (Zoöl.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. ice sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.\n\n1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice. 2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc. 3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.", @@ -37540,16 +33269,8 @@ "iconography": "1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients. 2. The study of representative art in general. Christian iconography, the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.", "icons": "An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait. Netherlands whose names and icons are published. Hakewill.", "ictus": "1. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis. 2. (Med.) A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.", - "icu": null, "icy": "1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. \"Icy chains.\" Shak. \"Icy region.\" Boyle. \"Icy seas.\" Pope. 2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold. Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection. Motley.", "id": "A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany.", - "ida": null, - "idaho": null, - "idahoan": null, - "idahoans": null, - "idahoes": null, - "idahos": null, - "ide": "Same as Id.", "idea": "1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual. Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax. Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Shak. This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea. P. Browne. 2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization. Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll. 3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of. Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. Locke. 4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development. That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one. Johnson. What is now \"idea\" for us How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly- created world, -\"how it showed . . . Answering his great idea,\" -to its present use, when this person \"has an idea that the train has started,\" and the other \"had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!\" Trench. 5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design. I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving. 6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract. 7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity. Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea. Milton. Note: \"In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic.\" Sir W. Hamilton. Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc. See under Abstract, Association, etc. Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought.", "ideal": "1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge. 2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron. There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence. Rambler. 3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. \"Planning ideal common wealth.\" Southey. 4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy. 5. (Math.) Imaginary. Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian.\n\nA mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc. The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming. Beau ideal. See Beau ideal.", "idealism": "1. The quality or state of being ideal. 2. Conception of the ideal; imagery. 3. (Philos.) The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.", @@ -37638,10 +33359,6 @@ "idyllic": "Of or belonging to idyls. I. E. I. e. Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is.", "idyllically": null, "idylls": null, - "ie": null, - "ied": null, - "ieee": null, - "ieyasu": null, "if": "1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if OEdipus deserve thy care. Pope. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3. 2. Whether; -- in dependent questions. Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden. She doubts if two and two make four. Prior. As if, But if. See under As, But. I' FAITH I' faith\" . In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.", "iffier": null, "iffiest": null, @@ -37650,8 +33367,6 @@ "ifs": "1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if OEdipus deserve thy care. Pope. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3. 2. Whether; -- in dependent questions. Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden. She doubts if two and two make four. Prior. As if, But if. See under As, But. I' FAITH I' faith\" . In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.", "igloo": "1. An Eskimo snow house. 2. (Zoöl.) A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.", "igloos": "1. An Eskimo snow house. 2. (Zoöl.) A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.", - "ignacio": null, - "ignatius": null, "igneous": "1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance. 2. (Geol.) Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks.", "ignitable": null, "ignite": "1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood. 2. (Chem.) To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum.\n\nTo take fire; to begin to burn.", @@ -37675,27 +33390,15 @@ "ignored": null, "ignores": "1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic] Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore. Boyle. 2. (Law) To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus. 3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person. Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs. Browning.", "ignoring": null, - "igor": null, "iguana": "Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits. Note: The common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.", "iguanas": "Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits. Note: The common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.", - "iguassu": null, - "ijsselmeer": null, - "ike": null, - "ikea": null, - "ikhnaton": null, - "il": null, - "ila": null, "ilea": null, "ileitis": null, - "ilene": null, "ileum": "1. (Anat.) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.] 2. (Anat.) See Ilium. [R.] Note: Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.", "ilia": null, - "iliad": "A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.", - "iliads": "A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.", "ilium": "The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.]", "ilk": "Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.", "ilks": "Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.", - "ill": "1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable. Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon. There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak. 2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper. Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak. 3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever. I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak. 4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant. That 's an ill phrase. Shak. Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. \"I am very ill at ease.\" Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence. Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.\n\n1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity. Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in human shape. Tate. That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Shak. 2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil. Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden.\n\nIn a ill manner; badly; weakly. How ill this taper burns! Shak. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith. Note: Ill, like above, well, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill- educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill- affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill- conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill- disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill- featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill- looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill- natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill- used, and the like. I' LL I' ll . Contraction for I will or I shall. I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak.", "illegal": "Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet.", "illegalities": null, "illegality": "The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act.", @@ -37714,9 +33417,6 @@ "illicitly": null, "illicitness": null, "illimitable": "Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space. The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey. Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast. -- Il*lim\"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim\"it*a*bly, adv.", - "illinois": "A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.", - "illinoisan": null, - "illinoisans": null, "illiteracy": "1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census. 2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder. The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works. Pope.", "illiterate": "Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people. Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant. -- Il*lit\"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit\"er*ate*ness, n.", "illiterately": null, @@ -37731,7 +33431,6 @@ "illuminate": "1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten. 2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect. 3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages. 4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty.\n\nTo light up in token or rejoicing.\n\nEnlightened. Bp. Hall.\n\nOne who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.", "illuminated": null, "illuminates": "1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten. 2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect. 3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages. 4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty.\n\nTo light up in token or rejoicing.\n\nEnlightened. Bp. Hall.\n\nOne who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.", - "illuminati": "Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: - 1. (Eccl.) Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc. 3. (Mod. Hist.) Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years. 4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists. (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians. 5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment.", "illuminating": "Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a).", "illuminatingly": null, "illumination": "1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated. 2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights. 3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3. 4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript. 5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge. The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton. 6. (Theol.) The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration. Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker.", @@ -37760,7 +33459,6 @@ "illustrious": "1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid. Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl. 2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished. Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton. 3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles. Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous.", "illustriously": "In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton.", "illustriousness": "The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.", - "ilyushin": null, "image": "1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance. Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak. Whose is this image and superscription Matt. xxii. 20. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak. And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27. 2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5. 3. Show; appearance; cast. The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden. 4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea. Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great Prior. 5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C. 6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror. Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell.\n\n1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. \"Shrines of imaged saints.\" J. Warton. 2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine. Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope.", "imaged": null, "imagery": "1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. \"Painted imagery.\" Shak. In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery. Dryden. 2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance. What can thy imagery of sorrow mean Prior. 3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms. The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury. 4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse. I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden.", @@ -37804,10 +33502,6 @@ "imbued": null, "imbues": "1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes thoroughly imbued with black. 2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles. Thy words with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton.", "imbuing": null, - "imelda": null, - "imf": null, - "imho": null, - "imhotep": null, "imitable": "1. Capble of being imitated or copied. The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being imitable by great numbers. Atterbury. 2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W. Raleigh.", "imitate": "1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc. Despise wealth and imitate a dog. Cowlay. 2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy. A place picked out by choice of best alive The Nature's work by art can imitate. Spenser. This hand appeared a shining sword to weild, And that sustained an imitated shield. Dryden. 3. (Biol.) To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds.", "imitated": null, @@ -37923,10 +33617,6 @@ "immutability": "The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb. vi. 17.", "immutable": "Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable. That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation. Heb. vi. 18. Immutable, immortal, infinite, Eternal King. Milton. -- Im*mu\"ta*ble*ness, n. -- Im*mu\"ta*bly, adv.", "immutably": null, - "imnsho": null, - "imo": null, - "imodium": null, - "imogene": null, "imp": "1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.] The tender imp was weaned. Fairfax. 3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker. To mingle in the clamorous fray Of squabbling imps. Beattie. 4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R. 2. (Falconry) To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen to equip. [Archaic] Imp out our drooping country's broken wing. Shak. Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller. Here no frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing. Holmes. Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that should whip this age. Cleveland.", "impact": "To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place. Woodward.\n\n1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated. The quarrel, by that impact driven. Southey. 2. (Mech.) The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest.", "impacted": "Driven together or close. Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable.", @@ -38321,9 +34011,7 @@ "imputed": null, "imputes": "1. To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense. Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise. Gray. One vice of a darker shade was imputed to him -- envy. Macaulay. 2. (Theol.) To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another; as, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us. It was imputed to him for righteousness. Rom. iv. 22. They merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own, both righteous and unrighteous deeds. Milton. 3. To take account of; to consider; to regard. [R.] If we impute this last humiliation as the cause of his death. Gibbon. Syn. -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply; insinuate; refer. See Ascribe.", "imputing": null, - "imus": null, "in": "The specific signification of in is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and among. It is used: -- 1. With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he traveled in Italy; castles in the air. The babe lying in a manger. Luke ii. 16. Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west. Shak. Situated in the forty-first degree of latitude. Gibbon. Matter for censure in every page. Macaulay. 2. With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light. \"Fettered in amorous chains.\" Shak. Wrapt in sweet sounds, as in bright veils. Shelley. 3. With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the army. Nine in ten of those who enter the ministry. Swift. 4. With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc., abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to live in fear. When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning, or in rain Shak. 5. With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor. \"In sight of God's high throne.\" Milton. Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh. Cowper. 6. With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment; -- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God. He would not plunge his brother in despair. Addison. She had no jewels to deposit in their caskets. Fielding. 7. With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in the last century; in all my life. In as much as, or Inasmuch as, in the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because that; since. See Synonym of Because, and cf. For as much as, under For, prep. -- In that, because; for the reason that. \"Some things they do in that they are men . . . ; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error.\" Hooker. -- In the name of, in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as, it was done in the name of the people; -- often used in invocation, swearing, praying, and the like. -- To be in for it. (a) To be in favor of a thing; to be committed to a course. (b) To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc. [Colloq.] -- To be (or keep) in with. (a) To be close or near; as, to keep a ship in with the land. (b) To be on terms of friendship, familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Into; within; on; at. See At.\n\n1. Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; as, he takes in the situation (i. e., he comprehends it in his mind); the Republicans were in (i. e., in office); in at one ear and out at the other (i. e., in or into the head); his side was in (i. e., in the turn at the bat); he came in (i. e., into the house). Their vacation . . . falls in so pat with ours. Lamb. Note: The sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be in when they are furled, or when stowed. In certain cases in has an adjectival sense; as, the in train (i. e., the incoming train); compare up grade, down grade, undertow, afterthought, etc. 2. (Law) With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband. Burrill. In and in breeding. See under Breeding. -- In and out (Naut.), through and through; -- said of a through bolt in a ship's side. Knight. -- To be in, to be at home; as, Mrs. A. is in. -- To come in. See under Come.\n\n1. One who is in office; -- the opposite of Ant: out. 2. A reëntrant angle; a nook or corner. Ins and outs, nooks and corners; twists and turns. All the ins and outs of this neighborhood. D. Jerrold.\n\nTo inclose; to take in; to harvest. [Obs.] He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop. Shak.", - "ina": null, "inabilities": null, "inability": "The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity. It is not from an inability to discover what they ought to do, that men err in practice. Blair. Syn. -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness; incapability. See Disability.", "inaccessibility": "The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness. \"The inaccessibility of the precipice.\" Bp. Butler.", @@ -38414,7 +34102,6 @@ "inbreeds": "1. To produce or generate within. Bp. Reynolds. To inbreed and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue. Milton. 2. To breed in and in. See under Breed, v. i.", "inbuilt": null, "inc": "A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards. [Written also ink.]", - "inca": "(a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun. (b) pl. The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe. Inca dove (Zoöl.), a small dove (Scardafella inca), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico.", "incalculable": "Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great. -- In*cal\"cu*la*ble*ness, n. -- In*cal\"cu*la*bly, adv.", "incalculably": null, "incandescence": "A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body caused by intense heat.", @@ -38447,7 +34134,6 @@ "incarnating": null, "incarnation": "1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature. 2. (Theol.) The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ. 3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act. She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead. Jeffrey. The very incarnation of selfishness. F. W. Robertson. 4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.] 5. (Med.) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation.", "incarnations": "1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature. 2. (Theol.) The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ. 3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act. She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead. Jeffrey. The very incarnation of selfishness. F. W. Robertson. 4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.] 5. (Med.) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation.", - "incas": "(a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun. (b) pl. The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe. Inca dove (Zoöl.), a small dove (Scardafella inca), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico.", "incautious": "Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless; careless; as, an incautious step; an incautious remark. You . . . incautious tread On fire with faithless embers overspread. Francis. His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any incautious reader. Keill. Syn. -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic; careless; heedless; thoughtless. -- In*cau\"tious*ly, adv. -- In*cau\"tious*ness, n.", "incautiously": null, "inced": null, @@ -38473,7 +34159,6 @@ "inches": null, "inching": null, "inchoate": "Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete. -- In\"cho*ate*ly, adv. Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate. Raleigh.\n\nTo begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.", - "inchon": null, "inchworm": "The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid.", "inchworms": "The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid.", "incidence": "1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. (Physics) The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface. In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions. Sir I. Newton. Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle. -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like.", @@ -38768,14 +34453,6 @@ "indexers": "One who makes an index.", "indexes": null, "indexing": null, - "india": "A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan. India ink, a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used for water colors. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also China ink. The true India ink is sepia. See Sepia. -- India matting, floor matting made in China, India, etc., from grass and reeds; -- also called Canton, or China, matting. -- India paper, a variety of Chinese paper, of smooth but not glossy surface, used for printing from engravings, woodcuts, etc. -- India proof (Engraving), a proof impression from an engraved plate, taken on India paper. -- India rubber. See Caoutchouc. -- India-rubber tree (Bot.), any tree yielding caoutchouc, but especially the East Indian Ficus elastica, often cultivated for its large, shining, elliptical leaves.", - "indian": "1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies. 2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk. 3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like. [U.S.] Indian bay (Bot.), a lauraceous tree (Persea Indica). -- Indian bean (Bot.), a name of the catalpa. -- Indian berry. (Bot.) Same as Cocculus indicus. -- Indian bread. (Bot.) Same as Cassava. -- Indian club, a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for gymnastic exercise. -- Indian cordage, cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk. -- Indian corn (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zea (Z. Mays); the maize, a native of America. See Corn, and Maize. -- Indian cress (Bot.), nasturtium. See Nasturtium, 2. -- Indian cucumber (Bot.), a plant of the genus Medeola (M. Virginica), a common in woods in the United States. The white rootstock has a taste like cucumbers. -- Indian currant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Symphoricarpus (S. vulgaris), bearing small red berries. -- Indian dye, the puccoon. -- Indian fig. (Bot.) (a) The banyan. See Banyan. (b) The prickly pear. -- Indian file, single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, the usual way among Indians of traversing woods, especially when on the war path. -- Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and realgar, burning with a brilliant white light. -- Indian grass (Bot.), a coarse, high grass (Chrysopogon nutans), common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass. Gray. -- Indian hemp. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Apocynum (A. cannabinum), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and cathartic in properties. (b) The variety of common hemp (Cannabis Indica), from which hasheesh is obtained. -- Indian mallow (Bot.), the velvet leaf (Abutilon Avicennæ). See Abutilon. -- Indian meal, ground corn or maize. [U.S.] -- Indian millet (Bot.), a tall annual grass (Sorghum vulgare), having many varieties, among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar cane. It is called also Guinea corn. See Durra. -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu. -- Indian paint. See Bloodroot. -- Indian paper. See India paper, under India. -- Indian physic (Bot.), a plant of two species of the genus Gillenia (G. trifoliata, and G. stipulacea), common in the United States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; -- called also American ipecac, and bowman's root. Gray. -- Indian pink. (Bot.) (a) The Cypress vine (Ipomoea Quamoclit); -- so called in the West Indies. (b) See China pink, under China. -- Indian pipe (Bot.), a low, fleshy herb (Monotropa uniflora), growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns black in drying. -- Indian plantain (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Cacalia, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common through the United States in rich woods. Gray. -- Indian poke (Bot.), a plant usually known as the white hellebore (Veratrum viride). -- Indian pudding, a pudding of which the chief ingredients are Indian meal, milk, and molasses. -- Indian purple. (a) A dull purple color. (b) The pigment of the same name, intensely blue and black. -- Indian red. (a) A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the Persian Gulf. Called also Persian red. (b) See Almagra. -- Indian rice (Bot.), a reedlike water grass. See Rice. -- Indian shot (Bot.), a plant of the genus Canna (C. Indica). The hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See Canna. -- Indian summer, in the United States, a period of warm and pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under Summer. -- Indian tobacco (Bot.), a species of Lobelia. See Lobelia. -- Indian turnip (Bot.), an American plant of the genus Arisæma. A. triphyllum has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip, but with a very acrid juice. See Jack in the Pulpit, and Wake-robin. -- Indian wheat, maize or Indian corn. -- Indian yellow. (a) An intense rich yellow color, deeper than gamboge but less pure than cadmium. (b) See Euxanthin.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of India. 2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.", - "indiana": null, - "indianan": null, - "indianans": null, - "indianapolis": null, - "indianian": null, - "indians": "1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies. 2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk. 3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like. [U.S.] Indian bay (Bot.), a lauraceous tree (Persea Indica). -- Indian bean (Bot.), a name of the catalpa. -- Indian berry. (Bot.) Same as Cocculus indicus. -- Indian bread. (Bot.) Same as Cassava. -- Indian club, a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for gymnastic exercise. -- Indian cordage, cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk. -- Indian corn (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zea (Z. Mays); the maize, a native of America. See Corn, and Maize. -- Indian cress (Bot.), nasturtium. See Nasturtium, 2. -- Indian cucumber (Bot.), a plant of the genus Medeola (M. Virginica), a common in woods in the United States. The white rootstock has a taste like cucumbers. -- Indian currant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Symphoricarpus (S. vulgaris), bearing small red berries. -- Indian dye, the puccoon. -- Indian fig. (Bot.) (a) The banyan. See Banyan. (b) The prickly pear. -- Indian file, single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, the usual way among Indians of traversing woods, especially when on the war path. -- Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and realgar, burning with a brilliant white light. -- Indian grass (Bot.), a coarse, high grass (Chrysopogon nutans), common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass. Gray. -- Indian hemp. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Apocynum (A. cannabinum), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and cathartic in properties. (b) The variety of common hemp (Cannabis Indica), from which hasheesh is obtained. -- Indian mallow (Bot.), the velvet leaf (Abutilon Avicennæ). See Abutilon. -- Indian meal, ground corn or maize. [U.S.] -- Indian millet (Bot.), a tall annual grass (Sorghum vulgare), having many varieties, among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar cane. It is called also Guinea corn. See Durra. -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu. -- Indian paint. See Bloodroot. -- Indian paper. See India paper, under India. -- Indian physic (Bot.), a plant of two species of the genus Gillenia (G. trifoliata, and G. stipulacea), common in the United States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; -- called also American ipecac, and bowman's root. Gray. -- Indian pink. (Bot.) (a) The Cypress vine (Ipomoea Quamoclit); -- so called in the West Indies. (b) See China pink, under China. -- Indian pipe (Bot.), a low, fleshy herb (Monotropa uniflora), growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns black in drying. -- Indian plantain (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Cacalia, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common through the United States in rich woods. Gray. -- Indian poke (Bot.), a plant usually known as the white hellebore (Veratrum viride). -- Indian pudding, a pudding of which the chief ingredients are Indian meal, milk, and molasses. -- Indian purple. (a) A dull purple color. (b) The pigment of the same name, intensely blue and black. -- Indian red. (a) A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the Persian Gulf. Called also Persian red. (b) See Almagra. -- Indian rice (Bot.), a reedlike water grass. See Rice. -- Indian shot (Bot.), a plant of the genus Canna (C. Indica). The hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See Canna. -- Indian summer, in the United States, a period of warm and pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under Summer. -- Indian tobacco (Bot.), a species of Lobelia. See Lobelia. -- Indian turnip (Bot.), an American plant of the genus Arisæma. A. triphyllum has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip, but with a very acrid juice. See Jack in the Pulpit, and Wake-robin. -- Indian wheat, maize or Indian corn. -- Indian yellow. (a) An intense rich yellow color, deeper than gamboge but less pure than cadmium. (b) See Euxanthin.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of India. 2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.", "indicate": "1. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known. That turns and turns to indicate From what point blows the weather. Cowper. 2. (Med.) To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants. 3. (Mach.) To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator. Syn. -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince; manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal; disclose; display.", "indicated": "Shown; denoted; registered; measured. Indicated power. See Indicated horse power, under Horse power.", "indicates": "1. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known. That turns and turns to indicate From what point blows the weather. Cowper. 2. (Med.) To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants. 3. (Mach.) To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator. Syn. -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince; manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal; disclose; display.", @@ -38813,8 +34490,6 @@ "indignities": null, "indignity": "Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult. How might a prince of my great hopes forget So great indignities you laid upon me Shak. A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul indignities. Hooker.", "indigo": "1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors. 2. (Chem.) A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, etc. It is a dark blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican. Note: Commercial indigo contains the essential coloring principle indigo blue or indigotine, with several other dyes; as, indigo red, indigo brown, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid. Chinese indigo (Bot.), Isatis indigotica, a kind of woad. -- Wild indigo (Bot.), the American herb Baptisia tinctoria which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus.\n\nHaving the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo. Indigo berry (Bot.), the fruit of the West Indian shrub Randia aculeata, used as a blue dye. -- Indigo bird (Zoöl.), a small North American finch (Cyanospiza cyanea). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also indigo bunting. -- Indigo blue. (a) The essential coloring material of commercial indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with a reddish luster, C16H10N2O2, which may be crystallized by sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great commercial importance. Called also indigotin. (b) A dark, dull blue color like the indigo of commerce. -- Indigo brown (Chem.), a brown resinous substance found in crude indigo. -- Indigo copper (Min.), covellite. -- Indigo green, a green obtained from indigo. -- Indigo plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant of several species (genus Indigofera), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are cultivated, of which the most important are the I. tinctoria, or common indigo plant, the I. Anil, a larger species, and the I. disperma. -- Indigo purple, a purple obtained from indigo. -- Indigo red, a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder. -- Indigo snake (Zoöl.), the gopher snake. -- Indigo white, a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; -- called also indigogen. -- Indigo yellow, a substance obtained from indigo.", - "indio": null, - "indira": null, "indirect": "1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road. 2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal. By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways I met this crown. Shak. 3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive. Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other. Tillotson. 4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results, damages, or claims. 5. (Logic & Math.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc. Indirect claims, claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and supplied by Great Britain. -- Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which proof is given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity (reductio ad absurdum), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater nor less. -- Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under Direct. -- Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence. -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.", "indirection": "Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. \"By indirections find directions out.\" Shak.", "indirectly": "In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly. To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense. A. Smith. Your crown and kingdom indirectly held. Shak.", @@ -38871,8 +34546,6 @@ "indivisibility": "The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable; inseparability. Locke.", "indivisible": "1. Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts. \"One indivisible point of time.\" Dryden. 2. (Math.) Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another; incommensurable.\n\n1. That which is indivisible. By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect indivisible, but only the least sort of natural bodies. Digby. 2. (Geom.) An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no further division. Method of indivisibles, a kind of calculus, formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces.", "indivisibly": "In an indivisible manner.", - "indochina": null, - "indochinese": null, "indoctrinate": "To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by in. A master that . . . took much delight in indoctrinating his young, unexperienced favorite. Clarendon.", "indoctrinated": null, "indoctrinates": "To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by in. A master that . . . took much delight in indoctrinating his young, unexperienced favorite. Clarendon.", @@ -38883,13 +34556,8 @@ "indolently": "In an indolent manner. Calm and serene you indolently sit. Addison.", "indomitable": "Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible; as, an indomitable will, courage, animal.", "indomitably": null, - "indonesia": null, - "indonesian": "Of or pertaining to Indonesia or Indonesians.\n\nA member of a race forming the chief pre-Malay population of the Malay Archipelago, and probably sprung from a mixture of Polynesian and Mongoloid immigrants. According to Keane, the autochthonous Negritos were largely expelled by the Caucasian Polynesians, themselves followed by Mongoloid peoples of Indo-Chinese affinities, from mixture with whom sprang the Indonesian race. The term Indonesian, introduced by Logan to designate the light- colored non-Malay inhabitants of the Eastern Archipelago, is now used as a convenient collective name for all the peoples of Malaysia and Polynesia who are neither Malay nor Papuans, but of Caucasic type. . . . The true Indonesians are of tall stature (5 ft. 10 in.), muscular frame, rather oval features, high, open forehead, large straight or curved nose, large full eyes always horizontal and with no trace of the third lid, light brown complexion (cinnamon or ruddy brown), long black hair, not lank but often slightly curled or wavy, skull generally brachycephalous like that of the melanochroic European. A. H. Keane. The Indonesians [of the Philippines], with the tribal population of some 251, 200, live almost exclusively on the great island of Mindanao. They are not only physically superior to the Negritos, but to the peoples of the Malayan race as well, and are, as a rule, quite intelligent. Rep. Phil. Com. , 1902.", - "indonesians": "Of or pertaining to Indonesia or Indonesians.\n\nA member of a race forming the chief pre-Malay population of the Malay Archipelago, and probably sprung from a mixture of Polynesian and Mongoloid immigrants. According to Keane, the autochthonous Negritos were largely expelled by the Caucasian Polynesians, themselves followed by Mongoloid peoples of Indo-Chinese affinities, from mixture with whom sprang the Indonesian race. The term Indonesian, introduced by Logan to designate the light- colored non-Malay inhabitants of the Eastern Archipelago, is now used as a convenient collective name for all the peoples of Malaysia and Polynesia who are neither Malay nor Papuans, but of Caucasic type. . . . The true Indonesians are of tall stature (5 ft. 10 in.), muscular frame, rather oval features, high, open forehead, large straight or curved nose, large full eyes always horizontal and with no trace of the third lid, light brown complexion (cinnamon or ruddy brown), long black hair, not lank but often slightly curled or wavy, skull generally brachycephalous like that of the melanochroic European. A. H. Keane. The Indonesians [of the Philippines], with the tribal population of some 251, 200, live almost exclusively on the great island of Mindanao. They are not only physically superior to the Negritos, but to the peoples of the Malayan race as well, and are, as a rule, quite intelligent. Rep. Phil. Com. , 1902.", "indoor": "Done or being within doors; within a house or institution; domestic; as, indoor work.", "indoors": "Within the house; -- usually separated, in doors.", - "indore": null, - "indra": null, "indubitable": "Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; as, an indubitable conclusion. -- n. That which is indubitable. Syn. -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable; undeniable; irrefragable.", "indubitably": "Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt. Oracles indubitably clear and infallibly certain. Barrow.", "induce": "1. To lead in; to introduce. [Obs.] The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad. Pope. 2. To draw on; to overspread. [A Latinism] Cowper. 3. To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by persuasion or influence. Shak. He is not obliged by your offer to do it, . . . though he may be induced, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted. Paley. Let not the covetous desire of growing rich induce you to ruin your reputation. Dryden. 4. To bring on; to effect; to cause; as, a fever induced by fatigue or exposure. Sour things induces a contraction in the nerves. Bacon. 5. (Physics) To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or magnetic state. 6. (Logic) To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the particulars; -- the opposite of deduce. Syn. -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence; actuate.", @@ -38919,7 +34587,6 @@ "indulgently": "In an indulgent manner; mildly; favorably. Dryden.", "indulges": "1. To be complacent toward; to give way to; not to oppose or restrain; (a) when said of a habit, desire, etc.: to give free course to; to give one's self up to; as, to indulge sloth, pride, selfishness, or inclinations; (b) when said of a person: to yield to the desire of; to gratify by compliance; to humor; to withhold restraint from; as, to indulge children in their caprices or willfulness; to indulge one's self with a rest or in pleasure. Hope in another life implies that we indulge ourselves in the gratifications of this very sparingly. Atterbury. 2. To grant as by favor; to bestow in concession, or in compliance with a wish or request. Persuading us that something must be indulged to public manners. Jer. Taylor. Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night! Pope. Note: It is remarked by Johnson, that if the matter of indulgence is a single thing, it has with before it; if it is a habit, it has in; as, he indulged himself with a glass of wine or a new book; he indulges himself in idleness or intemperance. See Gratify.\n\nTo indulge one's self; to gratify one's tastes or desires; esp., to give one's self up (to); to practice a forbidden or questionable act without restraint; -- followed by in, but formerly, also, by to. \"Willing to indulge in easy vices.\" Johnson.", "indulging": null, - "indus": null, "industrial": "Consisting in industry; pertaining to industry, or the arts and products of industry; concerning those employed in labor, especially in manual labor, and their wages, duties, and rights. The great ideas of industrial development and economic social amelioration. M. Arnold. Industrial exhibition, a public exhibition of the various industrial products of a country, or of various countries. -- Industrial school, a school for teaching one or more branches of industry; also, a school for educating neglected children, and training them to habits of industry.", "industrialism": "1. Devotion to industrial pursuits; labor; industry. J. S. Mill. 2. The principles or policy applicable to industrial pursuits or organized labor. Industrialism must not confounded with industriousness. H. Spencer.", "industrialist": null, @@ -38939,7 +34606,6 @@ "indwelling": "Residence within, as in the heart. The personal indwelling of the Spirit in believers. South.", "indwells": "To dwell in; to abide within; to remain in possession. The Holy Ghost became a dove, not as a symbol, but as a constantly indwelt form. Milman.", "indwelt": null, - "indy": null, "inebriate": "1. To make drunk; to intoxicate. The cups That cheer but not inebriate. Cowper. 2. Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy. The inebriating effect of popular applause. Macaulay.\n\nTo become drunk. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nIntoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied. Thus spake Peter, as a man inebriate and made drunken with the sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said. Udall.\n\nOne who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard; as, an asylum fro inebriates. Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety. E. Darwin.", "inebriated": null, "inebriates": "1. To make drunk; to intoxicate. The cups That cheer but not inebriate. Cowper. 2. Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy. The inebriating effect of popular applause. Macaulay.\n\nTo become drunk. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nIntoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied. Thus spake Peter, as a man inebriate and made drunken with the sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said. Udall.\n\nOne who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard; as, an asylum fro inebriates. Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety. E. Darwin.", @@ -38987,7 +34653,6 @@ "inertial": null, "inertly": "Without activity; sluggishly. Pope.", "inertness": "1. Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion; sluggishness; apathy; insensibility. Glanvill. Laziness and inertness of mind. Burke. 2. Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.", - "ines": null, "inescapable": "Not escapable.", "inescapably": null, "inessential": "1. Having no essence or being. H. Brooke. The womb of inessential Naught. Shelley. 2. Not essential; unessential.", @@ -39026,7 +34691,6 @@ "inextinguishable": "Not capable of being extinguished; extinguishable; unquenchable; as, inextinguishable flame, light, thirst, desire, feuds. \"Inextinguishable rage.\" Milton.", "inextricable": "1. Incapable of being extricated, untied, or disentangled; hopelessly intricate, confused, or obscure; as, an inextricable knot or difficulty; inextricable confusion. Lost in the wild, inextricable maze. Blackmore. 2. Inevitable. [R.] \"Fate inextricable.\" Milton.", "inextricably": "In an inextricable manner.", - "inez": null, "inf": null, "infallibility": "The quality or state of being infallible, or exempt from error; inerrability. Infallibility is the highest perfection of the knowing faculty. Tillotson. Papal infallibility (R. C. Ch.), the dogma that the pope can not, when acting in his official character of supreme pontiff, err in defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals, to be held by the church. This was decreed by the Ecumenical Council at the Vatican, July 18, 1870.", "infallible": "1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; unerring; inerrable. Dryden. 2. Not liable to fail, deceive, or disappoint; indubitable; sure; certain; as, infallible evidence; infallible success; an infallible remedy. To whom also he showed himself alive, after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. 3. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Incapable of error in defining doctrines touching faith or morals. See Papal infallibility, under Infallibility.", @@ -39226,8 +34890,6 @@ "infusing": null, "infusion": "1. The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as, the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal. Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements from that infusion of Hebraisms. Addison. 2. That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration. His folly and his wisdom are of his oun growth, not the echo or infusion of other men. Swift. 3. The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion. [Obs.] \"Baptism by infusion.\" Jortin. 4. (Pharmacy) (a) The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water in order to extract its virtues. (b) The liquid extract obtained by this process. Sips meek infusion of a milder herb. Cowper.", "infusions": "1. The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as, the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal. Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements from that infusion of Hebraisms. Addison. 2. That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration. His folly and his wisdom are of his oun growth, not the echo or infusion of other men. Swift. 3. The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion. [Obs.] \"Baptism by infusion.\" Jortin. 4. (Pharmacy) (a) The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water in order to extract its virtues. (b) The liquid extract obtained by this process. Sips meek infusion of a milder herb. Cowper.", - "ing": "A pasture or meadow; generally one lying low, near a river. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]", - "inge": null, "ingenious": "1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; skillful or promp to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations; as, an ingenious author, mechanic. A man . . . very wise and ingenious in feats of war. Hakluyt. Thou, king, send out For torturers ingenious. Shak. The more ingenious men are, the more apt are they to trouble themselves. Sir W. Temple. 2. Proseeding from, pertaining to, or characterized by, genius or ingenuity; of curious design, structure, or mechanism; as, an ingenious model, or machine; an ingenious scheme, contrivance, etc. Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill. Cowper. 3. Witty; shrewd; adroit; keen; sagacious; as, an ingenious reply. 4. Mental; intellectual. [Obs.] A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak.", "ingeniously": "In an ingenious manner; with ingenuity; skillfully; wittily; cleverly. \"Too ingeniously politic.\" Sir W. Temple.", "ingeniousness": "The quality or state of being ingenious; ingenuity.", @@ -39244,7 +34906,6 @@ "ingests": "To take into, or as into, the stomach or alimentary canal. Sir T. Browne.", "inglenook": null, "inglenooks": null, - "inglewood": null, "inglorious": "1. Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; as, an inglorious life of ease. Shak. My next desire is, void of care and strife, To lead a soft, secure, inglorious life. Dryden. Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest. Gray. 2. Shameful; disgraceful; ignominious; as, inglorious flight, defeat, etc. Inglorious shelter in an alien land. J. Philips.", "ingloriously": "In an inglorious manner; dishonorably; with shame; ignominiously; obscurely.", "ingot": "1. That in which metal is cast; a mold. [Obs.] And from the fire he took up his matter And in the ingot put it with merry cheer. Chaucer. 2. A bar or wedge of steel, gold, or other malleable metal, cast in a mold; a mass of unwrought cast metal. Wrought ingots from Besoara's mine. Sir W. Jones. Ingot mold, a box or mold in which ingots are cast. -- Ingot iron. See Decarbonized steel, under Decarbonize.", @@ -39253,7 +34914,6 @@ "ingrained": null, "ingraining": null, "ingrains": "1. Dyed with grain, or kermes. [Obs.] 2. Dyed before manufacture, -- said of the material of a textile fabric; hence, in general, thoroughly inwrought; forming an essential part of the substance. Ingrain carpet, a double or two-ply carpet. -- Triple ingrain carpet, a three-ply carpet.\n\nAn ingrain fabric, as a carpet.\n\n1. To dye with or in grain or kermes. 2. To dye in the grain, or before manufacture. 3. To work into the natural texture or into the mental or moral constitution of; to stain; to saturate; to imbue; to infix deeply. Our fields ingrained with blood. Daniel. Cruelty and jealousy seem to be ingrained in a man who has these vices at all. Helps.", - "ingram": null, "ingrate": "Ingrateful. [Obs. or Poetic] Bacon.\n\nAn ungrateful person. Milton.", "ingrates": "Ingrateful. [Obs. or Poetic] Bacon.\n\nAn ungrateful person. Milton.", "ingratiate": "1. To introduce or commend to the favor of another; to bring into favor; to insinuate; -- used reflexively, and followed by with before the person whose favor is sought. Lysimachus . . . ingratiated himself both with Philip and his pupil. Budgell. 2. To recommend; to render easy or agreeable; -- followed by to. [Obs.] Dr. J. Scott. What difficulty would it [the love of Christ] not ingratiate to us Hammond.\n\nTo gain favor. [R.] Sir W. Temple.", @@ -39265,10 +34925,8 @@ "ingratitude": "Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness. Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend. Shak. Ingratitude is abhorred both by God and man. L'Estrange.", "ingredient": "That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of any combination or mixture; an element; a constituent. By way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to ingredients. Sir I. Newton. Water is the chief ingredient in all the animal fluids and solids. Arbuthnot.\n\nEntering as, or forming, an ingredient or component part. Acts where no sin is ingredient. Jer. Taylor.", "ingredients": "That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of any combination or mixture; an element; a constituent. By way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to ingredients. Sir I. Newton. Water is the chief ingredient in all the animal fluids and solids. Arbuthnot.\n\nEntering as, or forming, an ingredient or component part. Acts where no sin is ingredient. Jer. Taylor.", - "ingres": null, "ingress": "1. The act of entering; entrance; as, the ingress of air into the lungs. 2. Power or liberty of entrance or access; means of entering; as, all ingress was prohibited. 3. (Astron.) The entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth in eclipses, the sun's entrance into a sign, etc.\n\nTo go in; to enter. [R.]", "ingresses": null, - "ingrid": null, "ingrowing": "Growing or appearing to grow into some other substance. Ingrowing nail, one whose edges are becoming imbedded in the adjacent flesh.", "ingrown": null, "inguinal": "Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the inguen or groin; as, an inguinal canal or ligament; inguinal hernia. Inguinal ring. See Abdominal ring, under Abdominal.", @@ -39445,7 +35103,6 @@ "innovators": "One who innovates. Shak.", "innovatory": null, "inns": "1. A place of shelter; hence, dwelling; habitation; residence; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer. Therefore with me ye may take up your inn For this same night. Spenser. 2. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers or wayfarers; a tavern; a public house; a hotel. Note: As distinguished from a private boarding house, an inn is a house for the entertainment of all travelers of good conduct and means of payment,as guests for a brief period,not as lodgers or boarders by contract. The miserable fare and miserable lodgment of a provincial inn. W. Irving. 3. The town residence of a nobleman or distinguished person; as, Leicester Inn. [Eng.] 4. One of the colleges (societies or buildings) in London, for students of the law barristers; as, the Inns of Court; the Inns of Chancery; Serjeants' Inns. Inns of chancery (Eng.), colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies, now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, etc. -- Inns of court (Eng.), the four societies of \"students and practicers of the law of England\" which in London exercise the exclusive right of admitting persons to practice at the bar; also, the buildings in which the law students and barristers have their chambers. They are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn.\n\nTo take lodging; to lodge. [R.] Addison.\n\n1. To house; to lodge. [Obs.] When he had brought them into his city And inned them, everich at his degree. Chaucer. 2. To get in; to in. See In, v. t.", - "innsbruck": null, "innuendo": "1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation. Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an innuendo. Dryden. Pursue your trade of scandal picking; Your innuendoes, when you tell us, That Stella loves to talk with fellows. Swift. 2. (Law) An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the plaintiff) was a thief. Wharton. Note: The term is so applied from having been the introductory word of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in Latin. The word \"meaning\" is used as its equivalent in modern forms. Syn. -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion; implication; representation; -- Innuendo, Insinuation. An innuendo is an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person referred to. An insinuation turns on no such double use of language, but consists in artfully winding into the mind imputations of an injurious nature without making any direct charge.", "innuendos": "1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation. Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an innuendo. Dryden. Pursue your trade of scandal picking; Your innuendoes, when you tell us, That Stella loves to talk with fellows. Swift. 2. (Law) An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the plaintiff) was a thief. Wharton. Note: The term is so applied from having been the introductory word of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in Latin. The word \"meaning\" is used as its equivalent in modern forms. Syn. -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion; implication; representation; -- Innuendo, Insinuation. An innuendo is an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person referred to. An insinuation turns on no such double use of language, but consists in artfully winding into the mind imputations of an injurious nature without making any direct charge.", "innumerable": "Not capable of being counted, enumerated, or numbered, for multitude; countless; numberless; unnumbered, hence, indefinitely numerous; of great number. Innumerable as the stars of night. Milton. -- In*nu\"mer*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*nu\"mer*a*bly, adv.", @@ -39461,7 +35118,6 @@ "inoffensive": "1. Giving no offense, or provocation; causing no uneasiness, annoyance, or disturbance; as, an inoffensive man, answer, appearance. 2. Harmless; doing no injury or mischief. Dryden. 3. Not obstructing; presenting no interruption bindrance. [R.] Milton. So have Iseen a river gintly glide In a smooth course, and inoffensive tide. Addison. -- In\"of*fen\"sive*ly, adv. -- In\"of*fen\"sive*ness, n.", "inoffensively": null, "inoffensiveness": null, - "inonu": null, "inoperable": null, "inoperative": "Not operative; not active; producing no effects; as, laws renderd inoperative by neglect; inoperative remedies or processes.", "inopportune": "Not opportune; inconvenient; unseasonable; as, an inopportune occurrence, remark, etc. No visit could have been more inopportune. T. Hook.", @@ -39499,7 +35155,6 @@ "inquisitorial": "1. Pertaining to inquisition; making rigorous and unfriendly inquiry; searching; as, inquisitorial power. \"Illiberal and inquisitorial abuse.\" F. Blackburne. He conferred on it a kind of inquisitorial and censorious power even over the laity, and directed it to inquire into all matters of conscience. Hume. 2. Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition or resembling its practices. \"Inquisitorial robes.\" C. Buchanan.", "inquisitors": "1. An inquisitive person; one fond of asking questions. [R.] \"Inquisitors are tatlers.\" Feltham. 2. (Law) One whose official duty it is to examine and inquire, as coroners, sheriffs, etc. Mozley & W. 3. (R.C.Ch.) A member of the Court of Inquisition.", "inquorate": null, - "inri": null, "inroad": "The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid; encroachment. The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily inroads of the enemy. Clarendon. With perpetual inroads to alarm, Though inaccessible, his fatal throne. Milton. Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See Invasion.\n\nTo make an inroad into; to invade. [Obs.] The Saracens . . . conquered Spain, inroaded Aquitaine. Fuller.", "inroads": "The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid; encroachment. The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily inroads of the enemy. Clarendon. With perpetual inroads to alarm, Though inaccessible, his fatal throne. Milton. Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See Invasion.\n\nTo make an inroad into; to invade. [Obs.] The Saracens . . . conquered Spain, inroaded Aquitaine. Fuller.", "inrush": "A rush inwards; as, the inrush of the tide. G. Eliot.\n\nTo rush in. [Obs.] Holland.", @@ -39653,7 +35308,6 @@ "inst": null, "instabilities": null, "instability": "1. The quality or condition of being unstable; want of stability, firmness, or steadiness; liability to give way or to fail; insecurity; precariousness; as, the instability of a building. 2. Lack of determination of fixedness; inconstancy; fickleness; mutability; changeableness; as, instability of character, temper, custom, etc. Addison. Syn. -- Inconstancy; fickleness; changeableness; wavering; unsteadiness; unstableness.", - "instagram": null, "install": "1. To set in a seat; to give a place to; establish (one) in a place. She installed her guest hospitably by the fireside. Sir W. Scott. 2. To place in an office, rank, or order; to invest with any charge by the usual ceremonies; to instate; to induct; as, to install an ordained minister as pastor of a church; to install a college president. Unworthily Thou wast installed in that high degree. Shak.", "installable": null, "installation": "1. The act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the usual rites or ceremonies; as, the installation of an ordained minister in a parish. On the election, the bishop gives a mandate for his installation. Ayliffe. 2. (Mech.) The whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.", @@ -39665,7 +35319,6 @@ "installment": "1. The act of installing; installation. Take oaths from all kings and magistrates at their installment, to do impartial justice by law. Milton. 2. The seat in which one is placed. [Obs.] The several chairs of order, look, you scour; . . . Each fair installment, coat, and several crest With loyal blazon, evermore be blest. Shak. 3. A portion of a debt, or sum of money, which is divided into portions that are made payable at different times. Payment by installment is payment by parts at different times, the amounts and times being often definitely stipulated. Bouvier.", "installments": "1. The act of installing; installation. Take oaths from all kings and magistrates at their installment, to do impartial justice by law. Milton. 2. The seat in which one is placed. [Obs.] The several chairs of order, look, you scour; . . . Each fair installment, coat, and several crest With loyal blazon, evermore be blest. Shak. 3. A portion of a debt, or sum of money, which is divided into portions that are made payable at different times. Payment by installment is payment by parts at different times, the amounts and times being often definitely stipulated. Bouvier.", "installs": "1. To set in a seat; to give a place to; establish (one) in a place. She installed her guest hospitably by the fireside. Sir W. Scott. 2. To place in an office, rank, or order; to invest with any charge by the usual ceremonies; to instate; to induct; as, to install an ordained minister as pastor of a church; to install a college president. Unworthily Thou wast installed in that high degree. Shak.", - "instamatic": null, "instance": "1. The act or quality of being instant or pressing; urgency; solicitation; application; suggestion; motion. Undertook at her instance to restore them. Sir W. Scott. 2. That which is instant or urgent; motive. [Obs.] The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift, but none of love. Shak. 3. Occasion; order of occurrence. These seem as if, in the time of Edward I., they were drawn up into the form of a law, in the first instance. Sir M. Hale. 4. That which offers itself or is offered as an illustrative case; something cited in proof or exemplification; a case occurring; an example. Most remarkable instances of suffering. Atterbury. 5. A token; a sign; a symptom or indication. Shak. Causes of instance, those which proceed at the solicitation of some party. Hallifax. -- Court of first instance, the court by which a case is first tried. -- For instance, by way of example or illustration. -- Instance Court (Law), the Court of Admiralty acting within its ordinary jurisdiction, as distinguished from its action as a prize court. Syn. -- Example; case. See Example.\n\nTo mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite; as, to instance a fact. H. Spenser. I shall not instance an abstruse author. Milton.\n\nTo give an example. [Obs.] This story doth not only instance in kingdoms, but in families too. Jer. Taylor.", "instanced": null, "instances": "1. The act or quality of being instant or pressing; urgency; solicitation; application; suggestion; motion. Undertook at her instance to restore them. Sir W. Scott. 2. That which is instant or urgent; motive. [Obs.] The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift, but none of love. Shak. 3. Occasion; order of occurrence. These seem as if, in the time of Edward I., they were drawn up into the form of a law, in the first instance. Sir M. Hale. 4. That which offers itself or is offered as an illustrative case; something cited in proof or exemplification; a case occurring; an example. Most remarkable instances of suffering. Atterbury. 5. A token; a sign; a symptom or indication. Shak. Causes of instance, those which proceed at the solicitation of some party. Hallifax. -- Court of first instance, the court by which a case is first tried. -- For instance, by way of example or illustration. -- Instance Court (Law), the Court of Admiralty acting within its ordinary jurisdiction, as distinguished from its action as a prize court. Syn. -- Example; case. See Example.\n\nTo mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite; as, to instance a fact. H. Spenser. I shall not instance an abstruse author. Milton.\n\nTo give an example. [Obs.] This story doth not only instance in kingdoms, but in families too. Jer. Taylor.", @@ -39837,7 +35490,6 @@ "intelligibility": "The quality or state of being intelligible; clearness; perspicuity; definiteness.", "intelligible": "Capable of being understood or comprehended; as, an intelligible account or description; intelligible pronunciation, writing, etc. The intelligible forms of ancient poets. Coleridge. Syn. -- Comprehensible; perspicuous; plain; clear.", "intelligibly": "In an intelligible manner; so as to be understood; clearly; plainly; as, to write or speak intelligibly.", - "intelsat": null, "intemperance": "1. The act of becoming, or state of being, intemperate; excess in any kind of action or indulgence; any immoderate indulgence of the appetites or passions. God is in every creature; be cruel toward none, neither abuse any by intemperance. Jer. Taylor. Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die, By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more In meats and drinks. Milton. 2. Specifically: Habitual or excessive indulgence in alcoholic liquors.", "intemperate": "1. Indulging any appetite or passion to excess; immoderate to enjoyments or exertion. 2. Specifically, addicted to an excessive or habitual use of alcoholic liquors. 3. Excessive; ungovernable; inordinate; violent; immoderate; as, intemperate language, zeal, etc.; intemperate weather. Most do taste through fond intemperate thirst. Milton. Use not thy mouth to intemperate swearing. Ecclus. xxiii. 13.\n\nTo disorder. [Obs.]", "intemperately": "In an intemperate manner; immoderately; excessively; without restraint. The people . . . who behaved very unwisely and intemperately on that occasion. Burke.", @@ -40052,7 +35704,6 @@ "internally": "1. Inwardly; within the enveloping surface, or the boundary of a thing; within the body; beneath the surface. 2. Hence: Mentally; spiritually. Jer. Taylor.", "internals": "1. Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth. 2. Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures. 3. Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade; internal troubles or war. 4. Pertaining to the inner being or the heart; spiritual. With our Savior, internal purity is everything. Paley. 5. Intrinsic; inherent; real. [R.] The internal rectitude of our actions in the sight of God. Rogers. 6. (Anat.) Lying toward the mesial plane; mesial. Internal angle (Geom.), an interior angle. See under Interior. -- Internal gear (Mach.), a gear in which the teeth project inward from the rim instead of outward. Syn. -- Inner; interior; inward; inland; inside.", "international": "1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. International code (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. -- International copyright. See under Copyright. -- International law, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under Conflict. Wharton.\n\n1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations. 2. A member of the International Association.", - "internationale": null, "internationalism": "1. The state or principles of international interests and intercourse. 2. The doctrines or organization of the International.", "internationalist": "1. One who is versed in the principles of international law. 2. A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates the doctrines of, the International.", "internationalists": "1. One who is versed in the principles of international law. 2. A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates the doctrines of, the International.", @@ -40068,7 +35719,6 @@ "internee": null, "internees": null, "internet": null, - "internets": null, "interning": null, "internist": null, "internists": null, @@ -40089,7 +35739,6 @@ "interpersonal": null, "interplanetary": "Between planets; as, interplanetary spaces. Boyle.", "interplay": "Mutual action or influence; interaction; as, the interplay of affection.", - "interpol": null, "interpolate": "1. To renew; to carry on with intermission. [Obs.] Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly interpolated and interrupted. Sir M. Hale. 2. To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter; especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author. How strangely Ignatius is mangled and interpolated, you may see by the vast difference of all copies and editions. Bp. Barlow. The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which was cited by Solon, or, as some think, interpolated by him for that purpose. Pope. 3. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a partial series, according to the law of that part of the series.", "interpolated": "1. Inserted in, or added to, the original; introduced; foisted in; changed by the insertion of new or spurious matter. 2. (Math.) (a) Provided with necessary interpolations; as, an interpolated table. (b) Introduced or determined by interpolation; as, interpolated quantities or numbers.", "interpolates": "1. To renew; to carry on with intermission. [Obs.] Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly interpolated and interrupted. Sir M. Hale. 2. To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter; especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author. How strangely Ignatius is mangled and interpolated, you may see by the vast difference of all copies and editions. Bp. Barlow. The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which was cited by Solon, or, as some think, interpolated by him for that purpose. Pope. 3. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a partial series, according to the law of that part of the series.", @@ -40321,9 +35970,6 @@ "intuitively": "In an intuitive manner.", "intuitiveness": null, "intuits": null, - "inuit": null, - "inuits": null, - "inuktitut": null, "inundate": "1. To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the river inundated the town. 2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was inundated with bills of credit. Syn. -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown.", "inundated": null, "inundates": "1. To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the river inundated the town. 2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was inundated with bills of credit. Syn. -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown.", @@ -40354,7 +36000,6 @@ "invalids": "1. Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak. 2. (Law) Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; as, an invalid contract or agreement.\n\nA person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active service; especially, one in chronic ill health.\n\nNot well; feeble; infirm; sickly; as, he had an invalid daughter.\n\n1. To make or render invalid or infirm. \"Invalided, bent, and almost blind.\" Dickens. 2. To classify or enroll as an invalid. Peace coming, he was invalided on half pay. Carlyle.", "invaluable": "Valuable beyond estimation; inestimable; priceless; precious.", "invaluably": "Inestimably. Bp. Hall.", - "invar": null, "invariability": "The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity.", "invariable": "Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform. Physical laws which are invariable. I. Taylor. -- In*va\"ri*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*va\"ri*a*bly, adv.\n\nAn invariable quantity; a constant.", "invariables": "Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform. Physical laws which are invariable. I. Taylor. -- In*va\"ri*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*va\"ri*a*bly, adv.\n\nAn invariable quantity; a constant.", @@ -40487,7 +36132,6 @@ "inward": "1. Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward. Milton. 2. Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. \"Inward beauty.\" Shak. 3. Intimate; domestic; private. [Obs.] All my inward friends abhorred me. Job xix. 19. He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life. Sir P. Sidney.\n\n1. That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera. Jer. Taylor. Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat. Milton. 2. The mental faculties; -- usually pl. [Obs.] 3. An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance. [Obs.] \"I was an inward of his.\" Shak.\n\n1. Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward. 2. Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward. So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, Shine inward. Milton.", "inwardly": "1. In the inner parts; internally. Let Benedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly. Shak. 2. Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly. 3. In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secretas, he inwardly repines. 4. Intimately; thoroughly. [Obs.] I shall desire to know him more inwardly. Beau. & Fl.", "inwards": "1. Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward. 2. Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward. So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, Shine inward. Milton.\n\nSee Inward.", - "io": "An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.", "ioctl": null, "iodide": "A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.", "iodides": "A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.", @@ -40497,11 +36141,7 @@ "iodizes": "To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to iodize a plate for photography. R. Hunt.", "iodizing": null, "ion": "One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. Anion, Cation.", - "ionesco": null, - "ionian": "Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. -- n. A native or citizen of Ionia.", - "ionians": "Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. -- n. A native or citizen of Ionia.", "ionic": "1. Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians. 2. (Arch.) Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital. Ionic dialect (Gr. Gram.), a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia. The Homeric poems are written in what is designated old Ionic, as distinguished from new Ionic, or Attic, the dialect of all cultivated Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory. -- Ionic foot. (Pros.) See Ionic, n., 1. -- Ionic, or Ionian, mode (Mus.), an ancient mode, supposed to correspond with the modern major scale of C. -- Ionic sect, a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original principle of all things. -- Ionic type, a kind of heavy-faced type (as that of the following line). Note: This is Nonpareil Ionic.\n\nOf or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions.\n\n1. (Pros.) (a) A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic. (b) A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet. 2. The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic. 3. (Print.) Ionic type.", - "ionics": "1. Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians. 2. (Arch.) Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital. Ionic dialect (Gr. Gram.), a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia. The Homeric poems are written in what is designated old Ionic, as distinguished from new Ionic, or Attic, the dialect of all cultivated Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory. -- Ionic foot. (Pros.) See Ionic, n., 1. -- Ionic, or Ionian, mode (Mus.), an ancient mode, supposed to correspond with the modern major scale of C. -- Ionic sect, a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original principle of all things. -- Ionic type, a kind of heavy-faced type (as that of the following line). Note: This is Nonpareil Ionic.\n\nOf or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions.\n\n1. (Pros.) (a) A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic. (b) A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet. 2. The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic. 3. (Print.) Ionic type.", "ionization": null, "ionize": "To separate (a compound) into ions, esp. by dissolving in water. --I`on*i*za\"tion (#), n.", "ionized": null, @@ -40516,45 +36156,19 @@ "ios": "An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.", "iota": "1. The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (i) corresponding with the English i. 2. A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle. They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation. Burke. Iota subscript (Gr. Gram.), iota written beneath a preceding vowel, as a,, h,, w,, -- done when iota is silent.", "iotas": "1. The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (i) corresponding with the English i. 2. A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle. They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation. Burke. Iota subscript (Gr. Gram.), iota written beneath a preceding vowel, as a,, h,, w,, -- done when iota is silent.", - "iou": null, - "iowa": null, - "iowan": null, - "iowans": null, - "iowas": "; sing. Iowa. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa.", - "ip": null, - "ipa": null, "ipad": null, "ipecac": "An abbreviation of Ipecacuanha, and in more frequent use.", "ipecacs": "An abbreviation of Ipecacuanha, and in more frequent use.", - "iphigenia": null, "iphone": null, - "ipo": null, "ipod": null, - "ipswich": null, - "iq": null, - "iqaluit": null, - "iqbal": null, - "iquitos": null, - "ir": null, - "ira": null, - "iran": "The native name of Persia.", - "iranian": "Of or pertaining to Iran. -- n. A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages.", - "iranians": "Of or pertaining to Iran. -- n. A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages.", - "iraq": null, - "iraqi": null, - "iraqis": null, - "iras": null, "irascibility": "The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness.", "irascible": "Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood. -- I*ras\"ci*ble*ness, n. -- I*ras\"ci*bly, adv.", "irascibly": null, "irate": "Angry; incensed; enraged. [Recent] The irate colonel . . . stood speechless. Thackeray. Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most irate. Dickens.", "irately": null, "irateness": null, - "irc": null, "ire": "Anger; wrath. [Poet.] Syn. -- Anger; passion; rage; fury. See Anger.", "ireful": "Full of ire; angry; wroth. \"The ireful bastard Orleans.\" Shak. -- Ire\"ful*ly, adv.", - "ireland": null, - "irene": null, "irenic": "Fitted or designed to promote peace; pacific; conciliatory; peaceful. Bp. Hall.", "irides": null, "iridescence": "Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the iridescence of mother-of-pearl.", @@ -40563,12 +36177,6 @@ "iridium": "A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5. Note: Iridium usually occurs as a native alloy with osmium (iridosmine or osmiridium), which may occur alone or with platinum. Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain black.", "iris": "1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods. Shak. 2. The rainbow. Sir T. Browne. 3. An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors. Tennyson. 4. (Anat.) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. See Eye. 5. (Bot.) A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de-luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other species of flag are examples. See Illust. of Flower-de-luce. 6. (Her.) See Fleur-de-lis, 2.", "irises": null, - "irish": "Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in Ireland. Irish elk. (Zoöl.) See under Elk. -- Irish moss. (a) (Bot.) Carrageen. (b) A preparation of the same made into a blanc mange. -- Irish poplin. See Poplin. -- Irish potato, the ordinary white potato, so called because it is a favorite article of food in Ireland. -- Irish reef, or Irishman's reef (Naut.), the head of a sail tied up. -- Irish stew, meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and stewed.\n\n1. pl. The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives or their descendants. 2. The language of the Irish; the Hiberno-Celtic. 3. An old game resembling backgammon.", - "irisher": null, - "irishman": "A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian. Irishman's hurricane (Naut.), a dead calm. -- Irishman's reef. (Naut.) See Irish reef, under Irish, a.", - "irishmen": null, - "irishwoman": null, - "irishwomen": null, "irk": "To weary; to give pain; to annoy; -- used only impersonally at present. To see this sight, it irks my very soul. Shak. It irketh him to be here. M. Arnold.", "irked": null, "irking": null, @@ -40576,8 +36184,6 @@ "irksome": "1. Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks. For not to irksome toil, but to delight, He made us. Milton. 2. Weary; vexed; uneasy. [Obs.] Let us therefore learn not to be irksome when God layeth his cross upon us. Latimer. Syn. -- Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; vexatious; burdensome. -- Irksome, Wearisome, Tedious. These epithets describe things which give pain or disgust. Irksome is applied to something which disgusts by its nature or quality; as, an irksome task. Wearisome denotes that which wearies or wears us out by severe labor; as, wearisome employment. Tedious is applied to something which tires us out by the length of time occupied in its performance; as, a tedious speech. Wearisome nights are appointed to me. Job vii. 3. Pity only on fresh objects stays, But with the tedious sight of woes decays. Dryden. -- Irk\"some*ly, adv. -- Irk\"some*ness, n.", "irksomely": null, "irksomeness": null, - "irkutsk": null, - "irma": null, "iron": "1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or an fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances. Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and generating furnace). 2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc. My young soldier, put up your iron. Shak. 3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles. Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay. 4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron. Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below). -- Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog. -- Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray iron. See Cast iron (above). -- It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack. -- Magnetic iron. See Magnetite. -- Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable. -- Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite. -- Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called pigs. -- Reduced iron. See under Reduced. -- Specular iron. See Hematite. -- Too many irons in the fire, too many objects requiring the attention at once. -- White iron. See Cast iron (above). -- Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly known in the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying (puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed into bars, it is called bar iron.\n\n1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. 3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.; as: (a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe. Iron years of wars and dangers. Rowe. Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod. Pope. (b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution. (c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will. (d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious. \"Him death's iron sleep oppressed.\" Philips. Note: Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or characteristics; as, iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron- framed, iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or iron-foundry. Iron age. (a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and bronze ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410. (b) (Archæol.) That stage in the development of any people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze. -- Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc. -- Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large proportion of an ore of iron. -- Iron cross, a Prussian order of military merit; also, the decoration of the order. -- Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the cross of Christ. -- Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of quartz. -- Iron founder, a maker of iron castings. -- Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made. -- Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a bloomery. -- Iron glance (Min.), hematite. -- Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages. -- Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.] -- Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers. -- Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting spinning mule. -- Iron mold or mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron. -- Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, Göthite, turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores. -- Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See Pyrites. -- Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing. -- Iron scale, the thin film which on the surface of wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4. -- Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.\n\n1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out. 2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. \"Ironed like a malefactor.\" Sir W. Scott. 3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.", "ironclad": "1. Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare. 2. Rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge. [Colloq.]\n\nA naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.", "ironclads": "1. Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare. 2. Rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge. [Colloq.]\n\nA naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.", @@ -40597,9 +36203,6 @@ "ironwoods": "A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood. Note: In the United States, the hornbeam and the hop hornbeam are so called; also the Olneya Tesota, a small tree of Arizona; in the West Indies, the Erythroxylon areolatum, and several other unrelated trees; in China, the Metrosideros vera; in India, the Mesua ferrea, and two species of Inga; in Australia, the Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, and in many countries, species of Sideroxylon and Diospyros, and many other trees.", "ironwork": "Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.", "irony": "1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles. [R.] Woodward. 2. Resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property.\n\n1. Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist. 2. A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.", - "iroquoian": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, one of the principal linguistic stocks of the North American Indians. The territory of the northern Iroquoian tribes, of whom the Five Nations, or Iroquois proper, were the chief, extended from the shores of the St. Lawrence and of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie south, through eastern Pennsylvania, to Maryland; that of the southern tribes, of whom the Cherokees were chief, formed part of Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. All of the tribes were agricultural, and they were noted for large, communal houses, palisaded towns, and ability to organize, as well as for skill in war. --n. An Indian of an Iroquoian tribe.", - "iroquoians": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, one of the principal linguistic stocks of the North American Indians. The territory of the northern Iroquoian tribes, of whom the Five Nations, or Iroquois proper, were the chief, extended from the shores of the St. Lawrence and of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie south, through eastern Pennsylvania, to Maryland; that of the southern tribes, of whom the Cherokees were chief, formed part of Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. All of the tribes were agricultural, and they were noted for large, communal houses, palisaded towns, and ability to organize, as well as for skill in war. --n. An Indian of an Iroquoian tribe.", - "iroquois": "A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.", "irradiate": "1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster. Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. Sir W. Jones. 2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. Bp. Bull. 3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale. 4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse. A splendid fairradiating hospitality. H. James.\n\nTo emit rays; to shine.\n\nIlluminated; irradiated. Mason.", "irradiated": null, "irradiates": "1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster. Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. Sir W. Jones. 2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. Bp. Bull. 3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale. 4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse. A splendid fairradiating hospitality. H. James.\n\nTo emit rays; to shine.\n\nIlluminated; irradiated. Mason.", @@ -40609,7 +36212,6 @@ "irrationality": "The quality or state of being irrational. \"Brutish irrationaliity.\" South.", "irrationally": "In an irrational manner. Boyle.", "irrationals": "1. Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals. 2. Not according to reason; absurd; foolish. It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it. I. Taylor. 3. (Math.) Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. See Surd. Syn. -- Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless. See Absurd.", - "irrawaddy": null, "irreclaimable": "Incapable of being reclaimed. Addison. -- Ir`re*claim\"a*bly, ad", "irreconcilability": "The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.", "irreconcilable": "Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements. -- Ir*rec\"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rec\"on*ci`la*bly, adv.", @@ -40689,41 +36291,11 @@ "irruptions": "1. A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as, irruptions of the sea. Lest evil tidings, with too rude irruption Hitting thy aged ear, should pierce too deep. Milton. 2. A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the irruptions of the Goths into Italy. Addison. Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; inroad. See Invasion.", "irruptive": "Rushing in or upon.", "irrupts": null, - "irs": null, - "irtish": null, - "irvin": null, - "irvine": null, - "irving": null, - "irwin": null, "is": "The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man. See Be. Note: In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, is was used for all persons of the singular. For thy is I come, and eke Alain. Chaucer. Aye is thou merry. Chaucer. Note: The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday. To-morrow is the new moon. 1 Sam. xx. 5.", - "isaac": null, - "isabel": "See Isabella.", - "isabela": null, - "isabella": "A brownish yellow color.", - "isabelle": null, - "isaiah": null, - "isbn": null, - "iscariot": null, "ischemia": null, "ischemic": null, - "isfahan": null, - "isherwood": null, - "ishim": null, - "ishmael": null, - "ishtar": null, - "isiah": null, - "isidro": null, "isinglass": "1. A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue. 2. (Min.) A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.", - "isis": "1. (Myth.) The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris. The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture. 2. (Zoöl.) Any coral of the genus Isis, or family Isidæ, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. See Gorgoniacea. 3. (Astron.) One of the asteroids.", "isl": null, - "islam": "1. The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet. 2. The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.", - "islamabad": null, - "islamic": null, - "islamism": "The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islam.", - "islamist": null, - "islamophobia": null, - "islamophobic": null, - "islams": "1. The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet. 2. The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.", "island": "1. A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent. Cf. Continent. 2. Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice. 3. (Zoöl.) See Isle, n., 2. Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.\n\n1. To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle. Shelley. 2. To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep. Southey.", "islander": "An inhabitant of an island.", "islanders": "An inhabitant of an island.", @@ -40733,10 +36305,7 @@ "islet": "A little island.", "islets": "A little island.", "ism": "A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory. E. Everett. The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no man can number. S. G. Goodrich.", - "ismael": null, - "ismail": null, "isms": "A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory. E. Everett. The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no man can number. S. G. Goodrich.", - "iso": null, "isobar": "A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.]\n\nThe quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.", "isobaric": "Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.", "isobars": "A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.]\n\nThe quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.", @@ -40748,7 +36317,6 @@ "isolationism": null, "isolationist": null, "isolationists": null, - "isolde": null, "isomer": "A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series.", "isomeric": "Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but which a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. See Metameric.", "isomerism": "The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances. Physical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of certain (metameric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and lævo-tartaric acids. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom. See Unsymmetrical.", @@ -40765,16 +36333,6 @@ "isotopes": null, "isotopic": null, "isotropic": "Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.", - "isp": null, - "ispell": null, - "israel": null, - "israeli": null, - "israelis": null, - "israelite": "A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.", - "israels": null, - "iss": "The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man. See Be. Note: In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, is was used for all persons of the singular. For thy is I come, and eke Alain. Chaucer. Aye is thou merry. Chaucer. Note: The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday. To-morrow is the new moon. 1 Sam. xx. 5.", - "issac": null, - "issachar": null, "issuance": "The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.", "issue": "1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house. 2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury. 3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper. 4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants. If the king Should without issue die. Shak. 5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits. 6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20. 7. (Med.) An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part. 8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial. Come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak. While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue. Shak. 9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide. 10. (Law) In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell. At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent. As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out of doors. Mrs. Browning. -- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. -- To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.\n\n1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place. From it issued forced drops of blood. Shak. 2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers. 3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun. 4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring. Of thy sons that shall issue from thee. 2 Kings xx. 18. 5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway. 6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock. 7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue. 8. (Law) In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.\n\n1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank. 2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions. 3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.", "issued": null, @@ -40782,17 +36340,11 @@ "issuers": "One who issues, emits, or publishes.", "issues": "1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house. 2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury. 3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper. 4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants. If the king Should without issue die. Shak. 5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits. 6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20. 7. (Med.) An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part. 8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial. Come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak. While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue. Shak. 9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide. 10. (Law) In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell. At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent. As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out of doors. Mrs. Browning. -- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. -- To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.\n\n1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place. From it issued forced drops of blood. Shak. 2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers. 3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun. 4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring. Of thy sons that shall issue from thee. 2 Kings xx. 18. 5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway. 6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock. 7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue. 8. (Law) In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.\n\n1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank. 2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions. 3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.", "issuing": null, - "istanbul": null, "isthmian": "Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece. Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.", "isthmus": "A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc. Isthmus of the fauces. (Anat.) See Fauces.", "isthmuses": null, - "isuzu": null, "it": "The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their of theirs, them). Note: The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form. The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief. Genevan Test. Do, child, go to it grandam, child. Shak. It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters. B. Jonson. Note: In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign i in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive it, superseding the Saxon his. Latham. The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind. Gen. i. 11. It is used, -- 1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home. 2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John. It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27. Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7. Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this. 3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains. 4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14. 5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk). The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden. Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Its self. See Itself.", - "itaipu": null, "ital": null, - "italian": "Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language. Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also farmer's satin. -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills. -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Italy. 2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.", - "italianate": "To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to Italianize. [R.] Ascham.\n\nItalianized; Italianated. \"Apish, childish, and Italianate.\" Marlowe.", - "italians": "Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language. Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also farmer's satin. -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills. -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Italy. 2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.", "italic": "1. Relating to Italy or to its people. 2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500. Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. -- Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. -- Italic version. See Itala.\n\nAn Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.", "italicization": null, "italicize": "To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.", @@ -40800,8 +36352,6 @@ "italicizes": "To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.", "italicizing": null, "italics": "1. Relating to Italy or to its people. 2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500. Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. -- Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. -- Italic version. See Itala.\n\nAn Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.", - "italy": null, - "itasca": null, "itch": "1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected. My mouth hath itched all this long day. Chaucer. 2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears. \"An itching palm.\" Shak.\n\n1. (Med.) An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact. 2. Any itching eruption. 3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc. 4. A constant irritating desire. An itch of being thought a divine king. Dryden. Baker's itch. See under Baker. -- Barber's itch, sycosis. -- Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. -- Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). -- Itch insect (Zoöl.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. -- Itch mite. (Zoöl.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. -- Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. -- Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.", "itched": null, "itches": null, @@ -40826,38 +36376,18 @@ "iterative": "Repeating. Cotgrave. -- It\"er*a*tive*ly, adv.", "iterator": null, "iterators": null, - "ithaca": null, - "ithacan": null, "itinerant": "Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler. The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made. Blackstone.\n\nOne who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled. Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town. Hudibras.", "itinerants": "Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler. The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made. Blackstone.\n\nOne who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled. Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town. Hudibras.", "itineraries": null, "itinerary": "Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey. It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress. Bacon.\n\nAn account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.", - "ito": null, "its": "Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It.", "itself": "The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself. Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor. Locke.", "itunes": null, - "iud": null, - "iv": null, - "iva": null, - "ivan": null, - "ivanhoe": null, - "ives": null, - "ivf": null, "ivied": "Overgrown with ivy.", "ivies": null, - "ivorian": null, "ivories": null, "ivory": "1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility. Note: Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc. 2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc. 3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett. 4. pl. Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang] Ivory black. See under Black, n. -- Ivory gull (Zoöl.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus). -- Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close- grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. -- Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. -- Ivory shell (Zoöl.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. -- Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above).", - "ivs": null, "ivy": "A plant of the genus Hedera (H. helix), common in Europe. Its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers. Direct The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton. Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere. Milton. American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper. -- English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper (Hedera helix). -- German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (S. scandens). -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma). -- Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain. -- Ivy owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl. -- Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson. -- Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata), closely related to the Virginia creeper. -- Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (Rhus Toxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries. It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons. -- To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia.", - "iyar": null, - "izaak": null, - "izanagi": null, - "izanami": null, - "izhevsk": null, - "izmir": null, - "izod": null, - "izvestia": null, "j": ". J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably. Note: In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij. J is etymologically most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke. See I. J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 179, 211, 239.", "jab": "To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]\n\nA thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]", "jabbed": null, @@ -40889,38 +36419,20 @@ "jackets": "1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts. 2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc. 3. (Mil.) In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reënforcing the tube in which the charge is fired. 4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also cork jacket. Blue jacket. (Naut.) See under Blue. -- Steam jacket, a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle. -- To dust one's jacket, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket. 2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]", "jackhammer": null, "jackhammers": null, - "jackie": null, "jacking": null, "jackknife": "A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife. JACK-'-LANTERN Jack\"-o'-lan`tern, n. See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack.", "jackknifed": null, "jackknifes": "A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife. JACK-'-LANTERN Jack\"-o'-lan`tern, n. See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack.", "jackknifing": null, "jackknives": null, - "jacklyn": null, "jackpot": null, "jackpots": null, "jackrabbit": null, "jackrabbits": null, "jacks": "A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also jak.]\n\n1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John. You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. Shak. 2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic. \"Jack fool.\" Chaucer. Since every Jack became a gentleman, There 's many a gentle person made a Jack. Shak. 3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar, and Jack afloat. 4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack; as: (a) A device to pull off boots. (b) A sawhorse or sawbuck. (c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack. (b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting. (e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles. (f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box. (g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine. (h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal. (i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather. (k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed. (l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught. (m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper. (n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself. C. Hallock. 5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack. 6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls. Shak. Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it. Sir W. Scott. 7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass. 8. (Zoöl.) (a) A young pike; a pickerel. (b) The jurel. (c) A large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); -- called also boccaccio, and mérou. (d) The wall-eyed pike. 9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 10. (Naut.) (a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also union jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each State. (b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also jack crosstree. R. H. Dana, Jr. 11. The knave of a suit of playing cards. Note: Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something cut short or diminished in size; as, a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc. Jack arch, an arch of the thickness of one brick. -- Jack back (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st Back. -- Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars. -- Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc. -- Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above. -- Jack curlew (Zoöl.), the whimbrel. -- Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See 4 (g), above. -- Jack Frost, frost personified as a mischievous person. -- Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper. -- Jack lamp, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 (n.), above. -- Jack plane, a joiner's plane used for coarse work. -- Jack post, one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus. -- Jack pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the \"pot,\" which is the sum total of all the bets. -- Jack rabbit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New Mexico (L. callotis), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (L. campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white. -- Jack rafter (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building. -- Jack salmon (Zoöl.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye. -- Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] -- Jack shaft (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft. -- Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles. -- Jack snipe. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Jack staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted. -- Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others. -- Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use. -- Jack truss (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section. -- Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n. -- Jack yard (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff. Blue jack, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Hydraulic jack, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil. -- Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee. -- Jack-at-all-trades, one who can turn his hand to any kind of work. -- Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erysimum (E. alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc. -- Jack-in-a-box. (a) (Bot.) A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx. (b) A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure springs. (c) (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also compensating gearing. (d) A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press. -- Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority. Wolcott. -- Jack-in-the-bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit (Cordia Cylindrostachya). -- Jack-in-the-green, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions. -- Jack-in-the-pulpit (Bot.), the American plant Arisæma triphyllum, or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix is inclosed. -- Jack-of-the-buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre). -- Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell. -- Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or tries to be neutral. -- Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office and is turned out. Shak. -- Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a well-known nursery story. -- Jack-with-a-lantern, Jack-o'-lantern. (a) An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. \"[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian.\" Lowell. (b) A lantern made of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in illumination the features of a human face, etc. -- Yellow Jack (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See Yellow flag, under Flag.\n\nA coarse and cheap mediæval coat of defense, esp. one made of leather. Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad. Sir J. Harrington.\n\nA pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nTo hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4, n.\n\nTo move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See 2d Jack, n., 5.", - "jackson": null, - "jacksonian": null, - "jacksonville": null, "jackstraw": "1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence. Milton. 2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.", "jackstraws": "1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence. Milton. 2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.", - "jacky": "(a) A landsman's nickname for a seaman, resented by the latter. (b) English gin. [Dial. Eng.]", - "jaclyn": null, - "jacob": "A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called Israel. And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two bands. Gen. xxxii. 9, 10. Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel. Gen. xxxii. 28. Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium (P. coeruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue. Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a defective spar. -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina. -- Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) (Surveying) See under Staff.", - "jacobean": "Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in the time of James the First, of England. \"A Jacobean table.\" C. L. Eastlake.", - "jacobi": null, - "jacobin": "1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris. 2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue. 3. (Zoöl.) A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.\n\nSame as Jacobinic.", - "jacobite": "1. (Eng. Hist.) A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary. Macaulay. 2. (Eccl.) One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after Jacob Baradæus, its leader in the sixth century.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Jacobites.", - "jacobs": "A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called Israel. And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two bands. Gen. xxxii. 9, 10. Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel. Gen. xxxii. 28. Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium (P. coeruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue. Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a defective spar. -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina. -- Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) (Surveying) See under Staff.", - "jacobson": null, "jacquard": "Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician, who died in 1834. Jacquard apparatus or arrangement, a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the required figure. -- Jacquard card, one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard apparatus. -- Jackquard loom, a loom with Jacquard apparatus.", - "jacqueline": null, - "jacquelyn": null, - "jacques": null, - "jacuzzi": null, "jade": "A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples. Note: The general term jade includes nephrite, a compact variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals capable of similar use.\n\n1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag. Chaucer. Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. Sir P. Sidney. 2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man. Shak. She shines the first of battered jades. Swift. 3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt. A souple jade she was, and strang. Burns.\n\n1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.] I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me. Shak. 3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass. The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke. Syn. -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass. -- To Jade, Fatigue, Tire, Weary. Fatigue is the generic term; tire denotes fatigue which wastes the strength; weary implies that a person is worn out by exertion; jade refers to the weariness created by a long and steady repetition of the same act or effort. A little exertion will tire a child or a weak person; a severe or protracted task wearies equally the body and the mind; the most powerful horse becomes jaded on a long journey by a continual straining of the same muscles. Wearied with labor of body or mind; tired of work, tired out by importunities; jaded by incessant attention to business.\n\nTo become weary; to lose spirit. They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution. South.", "jaded": null, "jadedly": null, @@ -40934,13 +36446,10 @@ "jaggedest": null, "jaggedly": null, "jaggedness": null, - "jagger": "One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d Jag. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.\n\nOne who, or that which, jags; specifically: (a) jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b) A toothed chisel. See Jag, v. t. Jagger spring, a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle. Knight.", "jaggies": null, - "jagiellon": null, "jags": "1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation. Arethuss arose . . . From rock and from jag. Shelley. Garments thus beset with long jags. Holland. 2. A part broken off; a fragment. Bp. Hacket. 3. (Bot.) A cleft or division. Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.\n\nTo cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch. [Written also jagg. Jagging iron, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.\n\nA small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also jagg.] Forby.\n\nTo carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]", "jaguar": "A large and powerful feline animal (Felis onca), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the American tiger.", "jaguars": "A large and powerful feline animal (Felis onca), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the American tiger.", - "jahangir": null, "jail": "A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol.] This jail I count the house of liberty. Milton. Jail bird, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. [Slang] - - Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence. -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol. -- Jail fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital fever, and ship fever. -- Jail liberties, or Jail limits, a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott. -- Jail lock, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock.\n\nTo imprison. [R.] T. Adams (1614). [Bolts] that jail you from free life. Tennyson.", "jailbird": null, "jailbirds": null, @@ -40953,12 +36462,6 @@ "jailhouses": null, "jailing": null, "jails": "A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol.] This jail I count the house of liberty. Milton. Jail bird, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. [Slang] - - Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence. -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol. -- Jail fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital fever, and ship fever. -- Jail liberties, or Jail limits, a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott. -- Jail lock, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock.\n\nTo imprison. [R.] T. Adams (1614). [Bolts] that jail you from free life. Tennyson.", - "jaime": null, - "jain": "One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of Jainism.", - "jainism": "The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins, above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It is intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.", - "jaipur": null, - "jakarta": null, - "jake": null, "jalapeno": null, "jalapenos": null, "jalopies": null, @@ -40966,64 +36469,27 @@ "jalousie": "A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.", "jalousies": "A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.", "jam": "A kind of frock for children.\n\nSee Jamb.\n\n1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in. The . . . jammed in between two rocks. De Foe. 2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door. [Colloq.] 3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback. W. C. Russell.\n\n1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river. 2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]\n\nA preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam. Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld. See under Butt.", - "jamaal": null, - "jamaica": "One of the West India is islands. Jamaica ginger, a variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. -- Jamaica pepper, allspice. -- Jamaica rose (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervis), with showy pink flowers.", - "jamaican": "Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.", - "jamaicans": "Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.", - "jamal": null, - "jamar": null, "jamb": "1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. Gwilt. 2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.\n\nSee Jam, v. t.", "jambalaya": null, "jamboree": null, "jamborees": null, "jambs": "1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. Gwilt. 2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.\n\nSee Jam, v. t.", - "jame": null, - "jamel": null, - "james": null, - "jamestown": null, - "jami": null, - "jamie": null, "jammed": null, "jammier": null, "jammiest": null, "jamming": null, "jammy": null, "jams": "A kind of frock for children.\n\nSee Jamb.\n\n1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in. The . . . jammed in between two rocks. De Foe. 2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door. [Colloq.] 3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback. W. C. Russell.\n\n1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river. 2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]\n\nA preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam. Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld. See under Butt.", - "jan": "One of intermediate order between angels and men.", - "jana": null, - "janacek": null, - "jane": "1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin. Chaucer. 2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.", - "janell": null, - "janelle": null, - "janesville": null, - "janet": null, - "janette": null, "jangle": "1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune. 2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. \"Thou janglest as a jay.\" Chaucer. 3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle. Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. Shak. Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner. Carlyle.\n\nTo cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with. Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh. Shak.\n\n1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. Chaucer. 2. Discordant sound; wrangling. The musical jangle of sleigh bells. Longfellow.", "jangled": null, "jangler": "1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. Chaucer. 2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.", "janglers": "1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. Chaucer. 2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.", "jangles": "1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune. 2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. \"Thou janglest as a jay.\" Chaucer. 3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle. Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. Shak. Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner. Carlyle.\n\nTo cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with. Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh. Shak.\n\n1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. Chaucer. 2. Discordant sound; wrangling. The musical jangle of sleigh bells. Longfellow.", "jangling": "Producing discordant sounds. \"A jangling noise.\" Milton.\n\n1. Idle babbling; vain disputation. From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain jangling. 1 Tim. i. 6. 2. Wrangling; altercation. Lamb.", - "janice": null, - "janie": null, - "janine": null, - "janis": null, - "janissary": "See Janizary.", "janitor": "A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.", "janitorial": null, "janitors": "A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.", - "janjaweed": null, - "janna": null, - "jannie": null, - "jansen": null, - "jansenist": "A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.", - "januaries": null, - "january": "The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Note: Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of the year was usually reckoned from March 25.", - "janus": "A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace. Dr. W. Smith. Janus cloth, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.", - "jap": null, "japan": "Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.\n\nOf or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware. Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub from Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice. -- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan. -- Japan camphor, ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor. -- Japan clover, or Japan pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover. -- Japan earth. See Catechu. -- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry. -- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.\n\n1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer. 2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] Gay.", - "japanese": "Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan. 2. sing. The language of the people of Japan.", - "japaneses": "Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan. 2. sing. The language of the people of Japan.", "japanned": "Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner. Japanned leather,leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and dried in a stove. Knight.", "japanning": "The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.", "japans": "Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.\n\nOf or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware. Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub from Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice. -- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan. -- Japan camphor, ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor. -- Japan clover, or Japan pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover. -- Japan earth. See Catechu. -- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry. -- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.\n\n1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer. 2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] Gay.", @@ -41031,28 +36497,19 @@ "japed": null, "japes": "To jest; to play tricks; to jeer. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo mock; to trick. Chaucer. I have not been putting a jape upon you. Sir W. Scott. The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest merry jape. W. Besant.", "japing": null, - "japs": null, - "japura": null, "jar": "A turn. [Only in phrase.] On the jar, on the turn, ajar, as a door.\n\n1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar. Dryden. 2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves. Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.\n\n1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears. When such strings jar, what hope of harmony Shak. A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon. 2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute. When those renowned noble peers Greece Through stubborn pride among themselves did jar. Spenser. For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton.\n\n1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith. 2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.] My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on unto mine eyes. Shak.\n\n1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds. 2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement. And yet his peace is but continual jar. Spenser. Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace. Shak. 3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum. I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak. 4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.", "jardiniere": "An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.", "jardinieres": "An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.", - "jared": null, "jarful": null, "jarfuls": null, "jargon": "Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. \"A barbarous jargon.\" Macaulay. \"All jargon of the schools.\" Prior. The jargon which serves the traffickers. Johnson.\n\nTo utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner. The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food. Longfellow.\n\nA variety of zircon. See Zircon.", - "jarlsberg": null, "jarred": null, - "jarrett": null, "jarring": "Shaking; disturbing; discordant. \"A jarring sound.\" Dryden.\n\n1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines. 2. Discord; a clashing of interests. \"Endless jarrings and immortal hate.\" Dryden.", "jarringly": "In a jarring or discordant manner.", - "jarrod": null, "jars": "A turn. [Only in phrase.] On the jar, on the turn, ajar, as a door.\n\n1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar. Dryden. 2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves. Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.\n\n1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears. When such strings jar, what hope of harmony Shak. A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon. 2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute. When those renowned noble peers Greece Through stubborn pride among themselves did jar. Spenser. For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton.\n\n1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith. 2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.] My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on unto mine eyes. Shak.\n\n1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds. 2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement. And yet his peace is but continual jar. Spenser. Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace. Shak. 3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum. I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak. 4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.", - "jarvis": null, "jasmine": "A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J. angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.] Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.", "jasmines": "A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J. angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.] Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.", - "jason": null, "jasper": "An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped or banded jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper. Jasper opal, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.", - "jataka": null, "jato": null, "jatos": null, "jaundice": "A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the fæces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood. Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.\n\nTo affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice. The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul. Ld. Lytton.", @@ -41069,12 +36526,8 @@ "jaunts": "1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion. 2. To ride on a jaunting car. Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back. [Written also jaunty car.] Thackeray.\n\nTo jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] Bale.\n\n1. A wearisome journey. [R.] Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind After his aëry jaunt, though hurried sore. Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest. Milton. 2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.", "jaunty": "Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.", "java": "1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands. 2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java. Java cat (Zoöl.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zoöl.), a species of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.", - "javanese": "Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Java.", - "javas": "1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands. 2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java. Java cat (Zoöl.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zoöl.), a species of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.", - "javascript": null, "javelin": "A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game. Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm Addison.\n\nTo pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.", "javelins": "A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game. Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm Addison.\n\nTo pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.", - "javier": null, "jaw": "1. (Anat.) (a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth. (b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering. (c) In the plural, the mouth. 2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak. 3. (Mach.) (a) A notch or opening. (b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard. (b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine. 4. (Naut.) The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast. 5. Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley. Jaw bit (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box. -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.] -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.\n\nTo scold; to clamor. [Law] Smollett.\n\nTo assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]", "jawbone": "The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.", "jawboned": null, @@ -41087,17 +36540,10 @@ "jawline": null, "jawlines": null, "jaws": "1. (Anat.) (a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth. (b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering. (c) In the plural, the mouth. 2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak. 3. (Mach.) (a) A notch or opening. (b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard. (b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine. 4. (Naut.) The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast. 5. Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley. Jaw bit (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box. -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.] -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.\n\nTo scold; to clamor. [Law] Smollett.\n\nTo assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]", - "jaxartes": null, "jay": "Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest. Note: The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and kæ. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A. Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack. Jay thrush (Zoöl.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodidæ; as; the white-throated jay thrush (G. albogularis), of India.", - "jayapura": null, - "jayawardene": null, "jaybird": null, "jaybirds": null, - "jaycee": null, - "jaycees": null, - "jayne": null, "jays": "Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest. Note: The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and kæ. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A. Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack. Jay thrush (Zoöl.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodidæ; as; the white-throated jay thrush (G. albogularis), of India.", - "jayson": null, "jaywalk": null, "jaywalked": null, "jaywalker": null, @@ -41111,24 +36557,13 @@ "jazziest": null, "jazzing": null, "jazzy": null, - "jcs": null, "jct": null, - "jd": null, "jealous": "1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful. I have been very jeolous for the Lord God of hosts. Kings xix. 10. How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute! Dr. H. More. 2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful. 'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these, Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace. Waller. The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition. Swift. 3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry. Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. Ex. xxxiv. 14. 4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover. If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife. Num. v. 14. To both these sisters have I sworn my love: Each jealous of the other, as the stung Are of the adder. Shak. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him jealous. Bacon. Syn. -- Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious is the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy. \"Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence.\" \"Jealousy is a painful apprehension of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us.\" Cogan.", "jealousies": null, "jealously": "In a jealous manner.", "jealousy": "The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover. I was jealous for jealousy. Zech. viii. 2. Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority. Shenstone. Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness. Rambler.", "jean": "A twilled cotton cloth. Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.", - "jeanette": null, - "jeanie": null, - "jeanine": null, - "jeanne": null, - "jeannette": null, - "jeannie": null, - "jeannine": null, "jeans": "A twilled cotton cloth. Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.", - "jed": null, - "jedi": null, "jeep": null, "jeeps": null, "jeer": "(a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl. An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship. Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.\n\nTo utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker. But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer. Spenser. Syn. -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.\n\nTo treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at. And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves. B. Jonson.\n\nA railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery. Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art, and kept his ears. Swift.", @@ -41136,21 +36571,10 @@ "jeering": "Mocking; scoffing. -- n. A mocking utterance. -- Jeer\"ing*ly, adv.", "jeeringly": null, "jeers": "See 1st Jeer (b).", - "jeeves": null, "jeez": null, - "jeff": null, - "jefferey": null, - "jefferson": null, - "jeffersonian": "Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson or his policy or political doctrines. Lowell.", - "jeffery": null, - "jeffrey": null, - "jeffry": null, - "jehoshaphat": null, - "jehovah": "A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the \"ineffable name\" of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by the Jews.", "jejuna": null, "jejune": "1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance. 2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative. - Je*june\"ly, adv. -- Je*june\"ness, n. Bacon.", "jejunum": "The middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.", - "jekyll": null, "jell": "To jelly. [Colloq.]", "jelled": null, "jellied": "Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.", @@ -41172,32 +36596,17 @@ "jemmies": null, "jemmy": "Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.\n\n1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy. 2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.", "jemmying": null, - "jenifer": null, - "jenkins": "name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] G. W. Curtis.", - "jenna": null, - "jenner": null, "jennet": "A small Spanish horse; a genet.", "jennets": "A small Spanish horse; a genet.", - "jennie": null, "jennies": null, - "jennifer": null, - "jennings": null, "jenny": "1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane. 2. (Zoöl.) A familiar name of the European wren. Jenny ass (Zoöl.), a female ass.\n\nA machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.", - "jensen": null, "jeopardize": "To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard. That he should jeopardize his willful head Only for spite at me. H. Taylor.", "jeopardized": null, "jeopardizes": "To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard. That he should jeopardize his willful head Only for spite at me. H. Taylor.", "jeopardizing": null, "jeopardy": "Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger. There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy. Luke viii. 23. Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. Shak. Syn. -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.\n\nTo jeopardize. [R.] Thackeray.", - "jephthah": null, - "jerald": null, "jeremiad": "A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically. He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad. Lamb.", "jeremiads": "A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically. He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad. Lamb.", - "jeremiah": null, - "jeremiahs": null, - "jeremy": null, - "jeri": null, - "jericho": null, "jerk": "To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, jerk beef. See Charqui.\n\n1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio. 2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off. 3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.\n\n1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts. Milton. 2. To flout with contempt.\n\n1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion. His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson. 2. A sudden start or spring. Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs. Grew.", "jerked": null, "jerkier": null, @@ -41210,25 +36619,13 @@ "jerks": "To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, jerk beef. See Charqui.\n\n1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio. 2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off. 3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.\n\n1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts. Milton. 2. To flout with contempt.\n\n1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion. His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson. 2. A sudden start or spring. Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs. Grew.", "jerkwater": null, "jerky": "Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.", - "jermaine": null, "jeroboam": null, "jeroboams": null, - "jerold": null, - "jerome": null, - "jerri": null, - "jerrod": null, - "jerrold": null, - "jerry": null, "jerrybuilt": null, "jerrycan": null, "jerrycans": null, "jersey": "1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool. 2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet). 3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.", "jerseys": "1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool. 2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet). 3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.", - "jerusalem": "The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ. Jerusalem artichoke Etym: [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves. -- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of either of two species of Solanum (S. Pseudo-capsicum and S. capsicastrum), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries. -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along roadsides. -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family (Phlomis tuberosa). -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges. -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.", - "jess": "A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon. Like a hawk, which feeling freed From bells and jesses which did let her flight. Spenser.", - "jesse": "Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art; as: (a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass. (b) A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also tree of Jesse. Jesse window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of Jesse.", - "jessica": null, - "jessie": null, "jest": "1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.] The jests or actions of princes. Sir T. Elyot. 2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares. He promised us, in honor of our guest, To grace our banquet with some pompous jest. Kyd. 3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i. I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. Shak. The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts. Sheridan. 4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock. Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. Shak. In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. -- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.\n\n1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything. He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Shak. Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally. -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. \"Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest.\" Crabb.", "jested": null, "jester": "1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool. This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester. Shak. Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear. Longfellow. 2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk. He ambled up and down With shallow jesters. Shak.", @@ -41236,9 +36633,6 @@ "jesting": "Sportive; not serious; fit for jests. He will find that these are no jesting matters. Macaulay .\n\nThe act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry. Eph. v. 4.", "jestingly": "In a jesting manner.", "jests": "1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.] The jests or actions of princes. Sir T. Elyot. 2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares. He promised us, in honor of our guest, To grace our banquet with some pompous jest. Kyd. 3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i. I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. Shak. The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts. Sheridan. 4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock. Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. Shak. In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. -- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.\n\n1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything. He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Shak. Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally. -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. \"Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest.\" Crabb.", - "jesuit": "1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus. Note: The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him \"Assistants\" (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense. 2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer. Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark. -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and medicinally.", - "jesuits": "1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus. Note: The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him \"Assistants\" (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense. 2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer. Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark. -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and medicinally.", - "jesus": "The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31. Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from their sins. Matt. i. 21. Note: The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative. Jesu, do thou my soul receive. Keble. The Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.", "jet": "Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black amber. Jet ant (Zoöl.), a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.\n\n1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which issues in a jet. 2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.] 3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold. Knight. Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump. -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.\n\n1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude. [Obs.] he jets under his advanced plumes! Shak. To jet upon a prince's right. Shak. 2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman. 3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.\n\nTo spout; to emit in a stream or jet. A dozen angry models jetted steam. Tennyson.", "jetliner": null, "jetliners": null, @@ -41254,29 +36648,15 @@ "jettisoning": null, "jettisons": "1. (Mar. Law) The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck. 2. See Jetsam, 1.", "jetty": "Made of jet, or like jet in color. The people . . . are of a jetty. Sir T. Browne.\n\n1. (Arch.) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below. 2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore. 3. (Hydraul. Engin.) A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Jetty ad (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.\n\nTo jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio. JEU D'ESPRIT Jeu\" d'es`prit\". Etym: [F., play of mind.] A witticism.", - "jetway": null, - "jew": "Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.", "jewel": "1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design. Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and exquisite form. Shak. 2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak. 3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. \"Our prince (jewel of children).\" Shak. 4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby. Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.\n\nTo dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels. The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.", "jeweled": null, "jeweler": "One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.] Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.", "jewelers": "One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.] Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.", "jeweling": null, - "jewell": null, "jewelries": null, "jewelry": "1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave. 2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.", "jewels": "1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design. Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and exquisite form. Shak. 2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak. 3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. \"Our prince (jewel of children).\" Shak. 4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby. Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.\n\nTo dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels. The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.", - "jewess": "A Hebrew woman.", - "jewesses": null, - "jewish": "Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish. -- Jew\"ish*ly, adv. -- Jew\"ish*ness, n.", - "jewishness": null, - "jewry": "Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter. Chaucer. Teaching throughout all Jewry. Luke xxiii. 5. JEW'S-EAR Jew's\"-ear`, n. (Bot.) A species of fungus (Hirneola Auricula-Judæ, or Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human ear. JEW'S-HARP Jew's-harp`, n. Etym: [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]1. An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; -- called also Jew's-trump. 2. (Naut.) The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor. JEW'S-STONE; JEWSTONE Jew's-stone`, Jew\"stone`, n. (Paleon.) A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.", - "jews": "Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.", - "jezebel": "A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.", - "jezebels": "A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.", - "jfk": null, "jg": null, - "jiangsu": null, - "jiangxi": null, "jib": "1. (Naut.) A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc. 2. (Mach.) The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended. Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib- headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]\n\nTo shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.", "jibbed": null, "jibbing": null, @@ -41285,7 +36665,6 @@ "jibes": "To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See Gybe.\n\n1. (Naut.) To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe. 2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] Bartlett.", "jibing": null, "jibs": "1. (Naut.) A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc. 2. (Mach.) The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended. Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib- headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]\n\nTo shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.", - "jidda": null, "jiff": null, "jiffies": null, "jiffs": null, @@ -41311,22 +36690,15 @@ "jihadist": null, "jihadists": null, "jihads": "A religious war against infidels or Mohammedan heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief. [Their] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Mohammedan dervishes of the Sudan, or of Mohammedans anywhere engaged in a jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it. James Bryce.", - "jilin": null, - "jill": "A young woman; a sweetheart. See Gill. Beau. & Fl.", - "jillian": null, "jilt": "A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt. Otway.\n\nTo cast off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive in love. Locke.\n\nTo play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously. Congreve.", "jilted": null, "jilting": null, "jilts": "A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt. Otway.\n\nTo cast off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive in love. Locke.\n\nTo play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously. Congreve.", - "jim": null, - "jimenez": null, - "jimmie": null, "jimmied": null, "jimmies": null, "jimmy": "A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors. [Written also jemmy.]", "jimmying": null, "jimsonweed": null, - "jinan": null, "jingle": "1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also gingle.] 2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. \"Jingling street ballads.\" Macaulay.\n\nTo cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle. The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.\n\n1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal. 2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle. If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and jingles,but use them justly. Bacon. 3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit; hence, the verse itself.\" The least jingle of verse.\" Guardian. Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.", "jingled": null, "jingles": "1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also gingle.] 2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. \"Jingling street ballads.\" Macaulay.\n\nTo cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle. The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.\n\n1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal. 2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle. If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and jingles,but use them justly. Bacon. 3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit; hence, the verse itself.\" The least jingle of verse.\" Guardian. Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.", @@ -41341,9 +36713,7 @@ "jinking": null, "jinks": "1. To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to escape by a quick turn; --obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in pig-sticking. 2. (Card Playing) In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win all five tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful.", "jinn": "See Jinnee. \"Solomon is said to have had power over the jin.\" Balfour (Cyc. of India).", - "jinnah": null, "jinni": null, - "jinny": null, "jinrikisha": "A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men. [Japan]", "jinrikishas": "A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men. [Japan]", "jinx": "A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong. [Slang]", @@ -41361,17 +36731,10 @@ "jitteriest": null, "jitters": null, "jittery": null, - "jivaro": null, "jive": null, "jived": null, "jives": null, "jiving": null, - "jo": "A sweetheart; a darling. [Scot.] Burns.", - "joan": null, - "joann": null, - "joanna": null, - "joanne": null, - "joaquin": null, "job": "1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab. 2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand dollars. 3. A public transaction done for private profit; something performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a corrupt official business. 4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or unfortunately. [Colloq.] 5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job. [Colloq.] Note: Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master; job horse; job wagon, etc. By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of work done; -- distinguished from time work; as, the house was built by the job. -- Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; as, these articles were included in a job lot. -- Job master, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use. [Eng.] -- Job printer, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc. -- Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people.\n\n1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. L'Estrange. 2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. Moxon. 3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet (work); as, to job a contract. 4. (Com.) To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job goods. 5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a carriage. Thackeray.\n\n1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work. Authors of all work, to job for the season. Moore. 2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn public matters to private advantage. And judges job, and bishops bite the town. Pope. 3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.\n\nThe hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the typical patient man. Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] -- Job's news, bad news. Carlyle. -- Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with hard, shining, pearly grains.", "jobbed": null, "jobber": "1. One who works by the job. 2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber. [Eng.] 3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers, and sells to retailers. 4. One who turns official or public business to private advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or intrigue.", @@ -41386,8 +36749,6 @@ "jobshares": null, "jobsworth": null, "jobsworths": null, - "jocasta": null, - "jocelyn": null, "jock": null, "jockey": "1. A professional rider of horses in races. Addison. 2. A dealer in horses; a horse trader. Macaulay. 3. A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.\n\n1. \" To jostle by riding against one.\" Johnson. 2. To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in trade; as, to jockey a customer.\n\nTo play or act the jockey; to cheat.", "jockeyed": null, @@ -41407,11 +36768,6 @@ "jocundity": "The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.", "jocundly": null, "jodhpurs": null, - "jodi": null, - "jodie": null, - "jody": null, - "joe": "See Johannes.", - "joel": null, "joey": null, "joeys": null, "jog": "1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to warn. Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see Yonder well- favored youth Donne. Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid Fast by my side. Pope. 2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as, to jog the memory. 3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.\n\nTo move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with on, sometimes with over. Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. Shak. So hung his destiny, never to rot, While he might still jog on and keep his trot. Milton . The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. R. Browning.\n\n1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention; a push; a jolt. To give them by turns an invisible jog. Swift. 2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the surface of a plane. Glanvill. Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to. T. Hook.", @@ -41423,25 +36779,13 @@ "joggled": null, "joggles": "1. To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog. 2. (Arch.) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel. The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts. Gwilt.\n\nTo shake or totter; to slip out of place.\n\nA notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent stones, or the like. Joggle joint (Arch.), a joint in any kind of building material, where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.", "joggling": null, - "jogjakarta": null, "jogs": "1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to warn. Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see Yonder well- favored youth Donne. Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid Fast by my side. Pope. 2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as, to jog the memory. 3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.\n\nTo move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with on, sometimes with over. Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. Shak. So hung his destiny, never to rot, While he might still jog on and keep his trot. Milton . The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. R. Browning.\n\n1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention; a push; a jolt. To give them by turns an invisible jog. Swift. 2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the surface of a plane. Glanvill. Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to. T. Hook.", - "johann": null, - "johanna": null, - "johannes": "A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears;- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.", - "johannesburg": null, "john": "A proper name of a man. John-apple, a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john. -- John Bull, an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people. -- John Bullism, English character. W. Irving. -- John Doe (Law), the name formerly given to the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W. -- John Doree, John Dory. Etym: [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree, Dory.] (Zoöl.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber). Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory, doree, and St. Peter's fish.", - "johnathan": null, - "johnathon": null, - "johnie": null, - "johnnie": null, "johnnies": null, "johnny": "1. A familiar diminutive of John. 2. (Zoöl.) A sculpin. [Local cant] Johny Crapaud (, a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively.", "johnnycake": "A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] J. Barlow.", "johnnycakes": "A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] J. Barlow.", "johns": "A proper name of a man. John-apple, a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john. -- John Bull, an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people. -- John Bullism, English character. W. Irving. -- John Doe (Law), the name formerly given to the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W. -- John Doree, John Dory. Etym: [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree, Dory.] (Zoöl.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber). Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory, doree, and St. Peter's fish.", - "johnson": null, - "johnston": null, - "johnstown": null, "join": "1. To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to append. Woe unto them that join house to house. Is. v. 8. Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn Like twenty torches joined. Shak. Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. Dryden. 2. To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join the church. We jointly now to join no other head. Dryden. 3. To unite in marriage. He that joineth his virgin in matrimony. Wyclif. What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Matt. xix. 6. 4. To enjoin upon; to command. [Obs. & R.] They join them penance, as they call it. Tyndale. 5. To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter, battle, issue. Milton. To join battle, To join issue. See under Battle, Issue. Syn. -- To add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate; couple; link; append. See Add.\n\nTo be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the hones of the skull join; two rivers join. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii. 7. Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations Ezra ix. 14. Nature and fortune joined to make thee great. Shak.\n\nThe line joining two points; the point common to two intersecting lines. Henrici.", "joined": null, "joiner": "1. One who, or that which, joins. 2. One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings. \"One Snug, the joiner.\" Shak. 3. A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning, grooving, etc. Syn. -- See Carpenter.", @@ -41467,7 +36811,6 @@ "jokiest": null, "joking": null, "jokingly": "In a joking way; sportively.", - "jolene": null, "jollied": null, "jollier": null, "jollies": null, @@ -41479,53 +36822,24 @@ "jollity": "Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous enjoyment. Chaucer. All now was turned to jollity and game. Milton. He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel only for him, who was only worthy to enter into it. Sir P. Sidney. Syn. -- Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.", "jolly": "1. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful. Like a jolly troop of huntsmen. Shak. \"A jolly place,\" said he, \"in times of old! But something ails it now: the spot is cursed.\" Wordsworth. 2. Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and gayety. And with his jolly pipe delights the groves. Prior. Their jolly notes they chanted loud and clear. Fairfax. 3. Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively; agreeable; pleasant. \"A jolly cool wind.\" Sir T. North. [Now mostly colloq.] Full jolly knight he seemed, and fair did sit. Spenser. The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions. W. Irving.", "jollying": null, - "jolson": null, "jolt": "To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.\n\nTo cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in a carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; as, the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the carriage and the passengers.\n\nA sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage moving over rough ground. The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. Swift.", "jolted": null, "jolter": "One who, or that which, jolts.", "jolters": "One who, or that which, jolts.", "jolting": null, "jolts": "To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.\n\nTo cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in a carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; as, the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the carriage and the passengers.\n\nA sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage moving over rough ground. The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. Swift.", - "jon": null, - "jonah": "The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious. Jonah crab (Zoöl.), a large crab (Cancer borealis) of the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found between tides, but usually in deep water.", - "jonahs": "The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious. Jonah crab (Zoöl.), a large crab (Cancer borealis) of the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found between tides, but usually in deep water.", - "jonas": null, - "jonathan": null, - "jonathon": null, - "jones": null, - "jonesboro": null, - "joni": null, "jonquil": "A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Jonquilla), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes called the rush-leaved daffodil. See Illust. of Corona.", "jonquils": "A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Jonquilla), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes called the rush-leaved daffodil. See Illust. of Corona.", - "jonson": null, - "joplin": null, - "jordan": "1. A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and alchemists. [Obs.] Halliwell. 2. A chamber pot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.", - "jordanian": null, - "jordanians": null, - "jorge": null, - "jose": null, - "josef": null, - "josefa": null, - "josefina": null, - "joseph": "An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's riding habit, buttoned down the front. Fairholt. JOSEPH'S FLOWER Jo\"seph's flow\"er. (Bot.) A composite herb (Tragopogon pratensis), of the same genus as the salsify.", - "josephine": null, - "josephs": "An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's riding habit, buttoned down the front. Fairholt. JOSEPH'S FLOWER Jo\"seph's flow\"er. (Bot.) A composite herb (Tragopogon pratensis), of the same genus as the salsify.", - "josephson": null, - "josephus": null, "josh": null, "joshed": null, "josher": null, "joshers": null, "joshes": null, "joshing": null, - "joshua": null, - "josiah": null, - "josie": null, "jostle": "To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. \"Bullies jostled him.\" Macaulay. Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually jostling each other. I. Taylor.\n\nTo push; to crowd; to hustle. None jostle with him for the wall. Lamb.\n\nA conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together; interference. The jostle of South African nationalities and civilization. The Nation.", "jostled": null, "jostles": "To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. \"Bullies jostled him.\" Macaulay. Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually jostling each other. I. Taylor.\n\nTo push; to crowd; to hustle. None jostle with him for the wall. Lamb.\n\nA conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together; interference. The jostle of South African nationalities and civilization. The Nation.", "jostling": null, - "josue": null, "jot": "An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. Bit, n. Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18. Neither will they bate One jot of ceremony. Shak.\n\nTo set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by down.", "jots": "An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. Bit, n. Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18. Neither will they bate One jot of ceremony. Shak.\n\nTo set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by down.", "jotted": null, @@ -41563,19 +36877,15 @@ "jousters": "One who jousts or tilts.", "jousting": null, "jousts": "To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt. [Written also just.] For the whole army to joust and tourney. Holland.\n\nA tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two knights in the lists or inclosed field. [Written also just.] Gorgeous knights at joust and tournament. Milton.", - "jove": "1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. 2. (Astron.) The planet Jupiter. [R.] Pope. 3. (Alchemy) The metal tin. Bird of Jove, the eagle.", "jovial": "1. Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [Obs.] Our jovial star reigned at his birth. Shak. The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial according to the colors whereby they answer these planets. Sir T. Browne. 2. Sunny; serene. [Obs.] \"The heavens always joviall.\" Spenser. 3. Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious; characterized by mirth or jollity; as, a jovial youth; a jovial company; a jovial poem. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak. His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral; the rest are jovial or bacchanalian. Dryden. Note: This word is a relic of the belief in planetary influence. Other examples are saturnine, mercurial, martial, lunatic, etc. Syn. -- Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly; hilarious.", "joviality": "The quality or state of being jovial. Sir T. Herbert.", "jovially": "In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly. B. Jonson.", - "jovian": "Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the deity or the planet).", "jowl": "The cheek; the jaw. [Written also jole, choule, chowle, and geoule.] Cheek by jowl, with the cheeks close together; side by side; in close proximity. \"I will go with three cheek by jole.\" Shak. \" Sits cheek by jowl.\" Dryden.\n\nTo throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.] How the knave jowls it to the ground. Shak.", "jowlier": null, "jowliest": null, "jowls": "The cheek; the jaw. [Written also jole, choule, chowle, and geoule.] Cheek by jowl, with the cheeks close together; side by side; in close proximity. \"I will go with three cheek by jole.\" Shak. \" Sits cheek by jowl.\" Dryden.\n\nTo throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.] How the knave jowls it to the ground. Shak.", "jowly": null, "joy": "1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight. Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy. Dryden. Glides the smooth current of domestic joy. Johnson. Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame. Heb. xii. 2. Tears of true joy for his return. Shak. Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good. Locke. 2. That which causes joy or happiness. For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. 20. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats. 3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity. Such joy made Una, when her knight she found. Spenser. The roofs with joy resound. Dryden. Note: Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-hells, joy-ringing, joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc. Syn. -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.\n\nTo rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult. I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab. iii. 18. In whose sight all things joy. Milton.\n\n1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] \"Joy us of our conquest.\" Dryden. To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. Prior. 2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.] Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. Shak. 3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy. Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss. Milton.", - "joyce": null, - "joycean": null, "joyed": null, "joyful": "Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a joyful heart. \"Joyful tidings.\" Shak. My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is. lxi. 10. Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. Pope. -- Joy\"ful*ly, adv. -- Joy\"ful*ness, n.", "joyfuller": null, @@ -41586,7 +36896,6 @@ "joyless": "Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable. -- Joy\"less*ly, adv. -- Joy\"less*ness, n. With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. Dryden. Youth and health and war are joyless to him. Addison. [He] pining for the lass, Is joyless of the grove, and spurns the growing grass. Dryden.", "joylessly": null, "joylessness": null, - "joyner": null, "joyous": "Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy; with of before the word or words expressing the cause of joy. Is this your joyous city Is. xxiii. 7. They all as glad as birds of joyous prime. Spenser. And joyous of our conquest early won. Dryden. Syn. -- Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive; festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful. -- Joy\"ous*ly, adv. -- Joy\"ous*ness, n.", "joyously": null, "joyousness": null, @@ -41600,35 +36909,16 @@ "joys": "1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight. Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy. Dryden. Glides the smooth current of domestic joy. Johnson. Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame. Heb. xii. 2. Tears of true joy for his return. Shak. Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good. Locke. 2. That which causes joy or happiness. For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. 20. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats. 3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity. Such joy made Una, when her knight she found. Spenser. The roofs with joy resound. Dryden. Note: Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-hells, joy-ringing, joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc. Syn. -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.\n\nTo rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult. I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab. iii. 18. In whose sight all things joy. Milton.\n\n1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] \"Joy us of our conquest.\" Dryden. To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. Prior. 2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.] Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. Shak. 3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy. Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss. Milton.", "joystick": null, "joysticks": null, - "jp": null, - "jpeg": null, - "jpn": null, "jr": null, - "juan": null, - "juana": null, - "juanita": null, - "juarez": null, - "jubal": null, "jubilant": "Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting. \"The jubilant age.\" Coleridge. While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. Milton.", "jubilantly": "In a jubilant manner.", "jubilation": "A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation. \"Jubilations and hallelujahs.\" South.", "jubilee": "1. (Jewish Hist.) Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv. 8-17. 2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the American Board of Missions. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty- five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist. 4. A season of general joy. The town was all a jubilee of feasts. Dryden. 5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] \"In the jubilee of his spirits.\" Sir W. Scott.", "jubilees": "1. (Jewish Hist.) Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv. 8-17. 2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the American Board of Missions. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty- five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist. 4. A season of general joy. The town was all a jubilee of feasts. Dryden. 5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] \"In the jubilee of his spirits.\" Sir W. Scott.", - "judaeo": null, - "judah": null, - "judaic": "Of or pertaining to the Jews. \"The natural or Judaical [religion].\" South.", - "judaical": "Of or pertaining to the Jews. \"The natural or Judaical [religion].\" South.", - "judaism": "1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the laws of Moses. J. S. Mill. 2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.", - "judaisms": "1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the laws of Moses. J. S. Mill. 2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.", - "judas": "The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. -- a. Treacherous; betraying. Judas hole, a peephole or secret opening for spying. -- Judas kiss, a deceitful and treacherous kiss. -- Judas tree (Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with pretty, rose-colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is said to have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (C. Siliquastrum). C. Canadensis and C. occidentalis are the American species, and are called also redbud.", - "judases": null, - "judd": null, "judder": null, "juddered": null, "juddering": null, "judders": null, - "jude": null, - "judea": null, "judge": "1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon. 2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden. 3. A person appointed to decide in aas, a judge in a horse race. 4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. 5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. -- Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial. Syn. -- Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.\n\n1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5. Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! Milton. 2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3. Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak. 3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24. She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.\n\n1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. \"Chaos [shall] judge the strife.\" Milton. 2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom. God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7. To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. Shak. 3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward. Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1. 4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon. If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15. 5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.] Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.", "judged": null, "judges": "1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon. 2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden. 3. A person appointed to decide in aas, a judge in a horse race. 4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. 5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. -- Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial. Syn. -- Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.\n\n1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5. Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! Milton. 2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3. Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak. 3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24. She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.\n\n1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. \"Chaos [shall] judge the strife.\" Milton. 2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom. God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7. To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. Shak. 3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward. Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1. 4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon. If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15. 5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.] Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.", @@ -41648,10 +36938,7 @@ "judicious": "Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.] His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak. 2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet. He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The fits o' the season. Shak. Syn. -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.", "judiciously": "In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.", "judiciousness": "The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; s", - "judith": null, "judo": null, - "judson": null, - "judy": null, "jug": "1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side. 2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.] 3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.\n\n1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare. 2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]\n\n1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale. 2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and partridges.", "jugful": null, "jugfuls": null, @@ -41685,23 +36972,9 @@ "jujubes": "The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. jujuba, Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters. Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube; also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.", "jukebox": null, "jukeboxes": null, - "jul": null, "julep": "1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp. (Med.), a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a vehicle. Milton. Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan. 2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; -- called also mint julep. [U.S.]", "juleps": "1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp. (Med.), a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a vehicle. Milton. Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan. 2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; -- called also mint julep. [U.S.]", - "jules": null, - "julia": null, - "julian": "Relating to, or derived from, Julius Cæsar. Julian calendar, the calendar as adjusted by Julius Cæsar, in which the year was made to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days. -- Julian epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46 b. c. -- Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years. -- Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.", - "juliana": null, - "julianne": null, - "julie": null, "julienne": "A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots, onions, etc.", - "julies": null, - "juliet": null, - "juliette": null, - "julio": null, - "julius": null, - "julliard": null, - "july": "The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Note: This month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.", "jumble": "To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order; -- often followed by together or up. Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together Burton. Every clime and age Jumbled together. Tennyson.\n\nTo meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly. Swift.\n\n1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a jumble of words. 2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.", "jumbled": null, "jumbles": "To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order; -- often followed by together or up. Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together Burton. Every clime and age Jumbled together. Tennyson.\n\nTo meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly. Swift.\n\n1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a jumble of words. 2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.", @@ -41728,12 +37001,6 @@ "junctions": "1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments; the junction of paths. 2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross. Junction plate (Boilers), a covering or break-join plate riveted to and uniting the edges of sheets which make a butt joint. -- Junction rails (Railroads), the switch, or movable, rails, connecting one line of track with another.", "juncture": "1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] \"Devotional compliance and juncture of hearts.\" Eikon Basilike. 2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones. Boyle. 3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency. \"Extraordinary junctures.\" Addison. In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and refined philosophy offer Berkeley.", "junctures": "1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] \"Devotional compliance and juncture of hearts.\" Eikon Basilike. 2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones. Boyle. 3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency. \"Extraordinary junctures.\" Addison. In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and refined philosophy offer Berkeley.", - "june": "The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days. And what is so rare as a day in June Then, if ever, come perfect days. Lowell. June beetle, June bug (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; -- so called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about the first of June. The larvæ of the June beetles live under ground, and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called also May bug or May beetle. -- June grass (Bot.), a New England name for Kentucky blue grass. See Blue glass, and Illustration in Appendix.", - "juneau": null, - "junes": "The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days. And what is so rare as a day in June Then, if ever, come perfect days. Lowell. June beetle, June bug (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; -- so called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about the first of June. The larvæ of the June beetles live under ground, and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called also May bug or May beetle. -- June grass (Bot.), a New England name for Kentucky blue grass. See Blue glass, and Illustration in Appendix.", - "jung": null, - "jungfrau": null, - "jungian": null, "jungle": "A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very difficult to penetrate. Balfour (Cyc. of India). Jungle bear (Zoöl.), the aswail or sloth bear. -- Jungle cat (Zoöl.), the chaus. -- Jungle cock (Zoöl.), the male of a jungle fowl. -- Jungle fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) Any wild species of the genus Gallus, of which several species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the fork-tailed jungle fowl (G. varius) of Java, G. Stanleyi of Ceylon, and G. Bankiva of India. Note: The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is supposed to be one of the original species from which the domestic fowl was derived. (b) An Australian grallatorial bird (Megapodius tumulus) which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its eggs in mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the heat produced by decomposition.", "jungles": "A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very difficult to penetrate. Balfour (Cyc. of India). Jungle bear (Zoöl.), the aswail or sloth bear. -- Jungle cat (Zoöl.), the chaus. -- Jungle cock (Zoöl.), the male of a jungle fowl. -- Jungle fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) Any wild species of the genus Gallus, of which several species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the fork-tailed jungle fowl (G. varius) of Java, G. Stanleyi of Ceylon, and G. Bankiva of India. Note: The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is supposed to be one of the original species from which the domestic fowl was derived. (b) An Australian grallatorial bird (Megapodius tumulus) which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its eggs in mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the heat produced by decomposition.", "junior": "1. Less advanced in age than another; younger. Note: Junior is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons bearing the same name in the same family, and is opposed to senior or elder. Commonly applied to a son who has the same Christian name as his father. 2. Lower in standing or in rank; later in office; as, a junior partner; junior counsel; junior captain. 3. Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing; as, the junior class; of or pertaining to juniors or to a junior class. See Junior, n., 2. 4. Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life. Our first studies and junior endeavors. Sir T. Browne.\n\n1. A younger person. His junior she, by thirty years. Byron. 2. Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in American colleges, one in the third year of his course, one in the fourth or final year being designated a senior; in some seminaries, one in the first year, in others, one in the second year, of a three years' course.", @@ -41758,11 +37025,8 @@ "junks": "A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See Chunk. [Colloq.] Lowell.\n\n1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships. 2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by junk dealers. 3. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships. Junk bottle , a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass. -- Junk dealer, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc. -- Junk hook (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck. -- Junk ring. (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place; (c) A follower. -- Junk shop, a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale. -- Junk vat (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan liquor or ooze is pumped. -- Junk wad (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in firing hot shot.\n\nA large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, etc., in navigating their waters.", "junkyard": null, "junkyards": null, - "juno": "1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera. Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak. 2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids. Bird of June, the peacock.\n\n1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera. Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak. 2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids. Bird of Juno, the peacock.", "junta": "A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.", "juntas": "A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.", - "jupiter": "1. (Rom. Myth.) The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus. 2. (Astron.) One of the planets, being the brightest except Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean diameter being about 85,000 miles. It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2028 from the sun, the earth's mean distance being taken as unity. Jupiter's beard. (Bot.) (a) A South European herb, with cymes of small red blossoms (Centranthus ruber). (b) The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum); -- so called from its massive inflorescence, like the sculptured beard of Jove. Prior. (c) the cloverlike Anthyllis Barba-Jovis. -- Jupiter's staff (Bot.), the common mullein; -- so called from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.", - "jurassic": "Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, Oölite, and Wealden; -- named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains. -- n. The Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the Jura.", "juridic": "Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law; legal; as, juridical law. \"This juridical sword.\" Milton. The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never dies. Burke. Juridical days, days on which courts are open.", "juridical": "Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law; legal; as, juridical law. \"This juridical sword.\" Milton. The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never dies. Burke. Juridical days, days on which courts are open.", "juridically": "In a juridical manner.", @@ -41776,7 +37040,6 @@ "jurists": "One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and international law. It has ever been the method of public jurists to Burke.", "juror": "1. (Law) A member of a jury; a juryman. I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak. 2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.", "jurors": "1. (Law) A member of a jury; a juryman. I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak. 2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.", - "jurua": null, "jury": "For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance. Jury mast, a temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken. -- Jury rudder, a rudder constructed for temporary use.\n\n1. (Law) A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced. See Grand jury under Grand, and Inquest. The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak. 2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first prize. Jury of inquest, a coroner's jury. See Inquest.", "juryman": "One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.", "jurymen": null, @@ -41795,18 +37058,13 @@ "justifies": null, "justify": "1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty. That to the height of this great argument I may assert eternal providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton. Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it would not justify the evil of breaking up a government. E. Everett. 2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to exonerate; to clear. I can not justify whom the law condemns. Shak. 3. (Theol.) To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to exculpate; to absolve. By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts xiii. 39. 4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Print.) To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4. Syn. -- To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve; exonerate.\n\n1. (Print.) To form an even surface or true line with something else; to fit exactly. 2. (Law) To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to qualify one's self as bail or surety.", "justifying": null, - "justin": null, - "justine": null, - "justinian": "Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the Roman Justinian.", "justly": "In a just manner; in conformity to law, justice, or propriety; by right; honestly; fairly; accurately. \"In equal balance justly weighed.\" Shak. Nothing can justly be despised that can not justly be blamed: where there is no choice there can be no blame. South.", "justness": "The quality of being just; conformity to truth, propriety, accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness; fairness; equity; as, justness of proportions; the justness of a description or representation; the justness of a cause. In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it represented with all the justness and gracefulness of action. Dryden. Note: Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to persons; but the distinction is not always observed. Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness; reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.", "jut": "1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the jutting part of a building. \"In jutting rock and curved shore.\" Wordsworth. It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem. Sir T. Browne. 2. To butt. [Obs.] \"The jutting steer.\" Mason.\n\n1. That which projects or juts; a projection. 2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] Udall.", "jute": "The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian Corchorus olitorius, and C. capsularis; also, the plant itself. The fiber is much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage, hangings, paper, etc.", - "jutland": null, "juts": "1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the jutting part of a building. \"In jutting rock and curved shore.\" Wordsworth. It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem. Sir T. Browne. 2. To butt. [Obs.] \"The jutting steer.\" Mason.\n\n1. That which projects or juts; a projection. 2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] Udall.", "jutted": null, "jutting": "Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc. -- Jut\"ting*ly, adv.", - "juvenal": "A youth. [Obs.] Shak.", "juvenile": "1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. \"A juvenile exercitation.\" Glanvill. 2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports. Syn. -- Puerile; boyish; childish. See Youthful.\n\nA young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly. C. Bronté.", "juveniles": "1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. \"A juvenile exercitation.\" Glanvill. 2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports. Syn. -- Puerile; boyish; childish. See Youthful.\n\nA young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly. C. Bronté.", "juxtapose": "To place in juxtaposition. Huxley.", @@ -41815,163 +37073,62 @@ "juxtaposing": null, "juxtaposition": "A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; as, a juxtaposition of words. Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition. Glanvill. Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity. Hare.", "juxtapositions": "A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; as, a juxtaposition of words. Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition. Glanvill. Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity. Hare.", - "jv": null, "k": "(K is from the Latin, which used the letter but little except in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the Greek, which received it from a Phoenician source, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian,. Etymologically K is most nearly related to c, g, h (which see). Note: In many words of one syllable k is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking; since without it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s. Formerly, k was added to c in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick; but now it is omitted. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 240, 178, 179, 185.", - "kaaba": null, "kabbalah": null, "kaboom": null, "kabuki": null, - "kabul": null, "kaddish": null, "kaddishes": null, "kaffeeklatch": null, "kaffeeklatches": null, "kaffeeklatsch": null, "kaffeeklatsches": null, - "kafka": null, - "kafkaesque": null, - "kagoshima": null, - "kahlua": null, - "kahului": null, "kahuna": null, "kahunas": null, - "kaifeng": null, - "kailua": null, "kaiser": "The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871.", "kaisers": "The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871.", - "kaitlin": null, - "kalahari": null, - "kalamazoo": null, - "kalashnikov": null, - "kalb": null, "kale": "1. (Bot.) A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head, being nearly the original or wild form of the species. [Written also kail, and cale.] 2. See Kail, 2. Sea kale (Bot.), a European cruciferous herb (Crambe maritima), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage.", "kaleidoscope": "An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design. Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the kaleidoscope. G. W. Cable.", "kaleidoscopes": "An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design. Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the kaleidoscope. G. W. Cable.", "kaleidoscopic": "Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a kaleidoscope; variegated.", "kaleidoscopically": null, - "kalevala": null, - "kalgoorlie": null, - "kali": "The last and worst of the four ages of the world; -- considered to have begun B. C. 3102, and to last 432,000 years.\n\nThe black, destroying goddess; -- called also Doorga, Anna Purna.\n\nThe glasswort (Salsola Kali).", - "kalmyk": null, - "kama": "The Hindoo Cupid. He is represented as a beautiful youth, with a bow of sugar cane or flowers.", - "kamchatka": null, - "kamehameha": null, "kamikaze": null, "kamikazes": null, - "kampala": null, - "kampuchea": null, - "kan": "To know; to ken. [Obs.] See Ken.\n\nSee Khan.", "kana": null, - "kanchenjunga": null, - "kandahar": null, - "kandinsky": null, - "kane": null, - "kaneohe": null, "kangaroo": "Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family Macropodidæ. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the genus Dendrolagus, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus Petrogale, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the genus Halmaturus, inhabit wooded districts. See Wallaby. Kangaroo apple (Bot.), the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant Solanum aviculare. -- Kangaroo grass (Bot.), a perennial Australian forage grass (Anthistiria australis). -- Kangaroo hare (Zoöl.), the jerboa kangaroo. See under Jerboa. -- Kangaroo mouse. (Zoöl.) See Jumping mouse, under Jumping. -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo.", "kangaroos": "Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family Macropodidæ. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the genus Dendrolagus, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus Petrogale, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the genus Halmaturus, inhabit wooded districts. See Wallaby. Kangaroo apple (Bot.), the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant Solanum aviculare. -- Kangaroo grass (Bot.), a perennial Australian forage grass (Anthistiria australis). -- Kangaroo hare (Zoöl.), the jerboa kangaroo. See under Jerboa. -- Kangaroo mouse. (Zoöl.) See Jumping mouse, under Jumping. -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo.", "kanji": null, - "kankakee": null, - "kannada": null, - "kano": null, - "kanpur": null, - "kans": "To know; to ken. [Obs.] See Ken.\n\nSee Khan.", - "kansan": null, - "kansans": null, - "kansas": "A tribe of Indians allied to the Winnebagoes and Osages. They formerly inhabited the region which is now the State of Kansas, but were removed to the Indian Territory.", - "kant": null, - "kantian": "Of or pertaining to Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher; conformed or relating to any or all of the philosophical doctrines of Immanuel Kant.\n\nA follower of Kant; a Kantist.", - "kaohsiung": null, "kaolin": "A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay; porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of common feldspar. Note: The name is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the fire without discoloration.", "kapok": "A silky wool derived from the seeds of Ceiba pentandra (syn. Eriodendron anfractuosum), a bombaceous tree of the East and West Indies.", - "kaposi": null, "kappa": null, "kappas": null, "kaput": null, - "kara": null, - "karachi": null, - "karaganda": null, - "karakorum": null, "karakul": "Astrakhan, esp. in fine grades. Cf. Caracul.", - "karamazov": null, "karaoke": null, "karaokes": null, "karat": null, "karate": null, "karats": null, - "kareem": null, - "karen": null, - "karenina": null, - "kari": null, - "karin": null, - "karina": null, - "karl": null, - "karla": null, - "karloff": null, "karma": "One's acts considered as fixing one's lot in the future existence. (Theos.) The doctrine of fate as the inflexible result of cause and effect; the theory of inevitable consequence.", "karmic": null, - "karo": null, - "karol": null, - "karroo": "One of the dry table-lands of South Africa, which often rise terracelike to considerable elevations. [Also karoo.] The Great Karroo, or The Karroo, a vast plateau, in Cape Colony, stretching through five degrees of longitude, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet.", "kart": null, "karts": null, - "karyn": null, - "kasai": null, - "kasey": null, - "kashmir": null, - "kashmirs": null, - "kasparov": null, "katakana": null, - "kate": "The brambling finch.", - "katelyn": null, - "katharine": null, - "katherine": null, - "katheryn": null, - "kathiawar": null, - "kathie": null, - "kathleen": null, - "kathmandu": null, - "kathrine": null, - "kathryn": null, - "kathy": null, - "katie": null, - "katina": null, - "katmai": null, - "katowice": null, - "katrina": null, - "katy": null, "katydid": "A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (Cyrtophyllus concavus) of the family Locustidæ, common in the United States. The males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings. During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination Katy-did, whence the name.", "katydids": "A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (Cyrtophyllus concavus) of the family Locustidæ, common in the United States. The males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings. During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination Katy-did, whence the name.", - "kauai": null, - "kaufman": null, - "kaunas": null, - "kaunda": null, - "kawabata": null, - "kawasaki": null, - "kay": null, "kayak": "A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes.", "kayaked": null, "kayaking": null, "kayaks": "A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes.", - "kaye": null, - "kayla": null, "kayo": null, "kayoed": null, "kayoing": null, "kayos": null, - "kazakh": null, - "kazakhs": null, - "kazakhstan": null, - "kazan": null, - "kazantzakis": null, "kazoo": "A kind of toy or rude musical instrument, as a tube inside of which is a stretched string made to vibrate by singing or humming into the tube.", "kazoos": "A kind of toy or rude musical instrument, as a tube inside of which is a stretched string made to vibrate by singing or humming into the tube.", - "kb": null, "kc": null, - "keaton": null, - "keats": null, "kebab": null, "kebabs": null, - "keck": "To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit. [R.] Swift.\n\nAn effort to vomit; queasiness. [R.]", "kedgeree": null, "keel": "To cool; to akin or stir [Obs.] While greasy Joan doth keel the pot. Shak.\n\nA brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.\n\n1. (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See Illust. of Keelson. 2. Fig.: The whole ship. 3. A barge or lighter, used on the Type for carrying coal from Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twentyone tons, four cwt. [Eng.] 4. (Bot.) The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See Carina. 5. (Nat. Hist.) A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved surface. Bilge keel (Naut.), a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels, extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the bilges. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- False keel. See under False. -- Keel boat. (a) A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails, used on Western rivers. [U. S.] (b) A low, flat-bottomed freight boat. See Keel, n., 3. -- Keel piece, one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is composed. On even keel, in a level or horizontal position, so that the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\n1. To traverse with a keel; to navigate. 2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom. To keel over, to upset; to capsize. [Colloq.]", "keeled": "1. (Bot.) Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as, a keeled leaf. 2. (Zoöl.) Having a median ridge; carinate; as, a keeled scale.", @@ -41982,7 +37139,6 @@ "keeling": "A cod.", "keels": "Ninepins. See Kayles.", "keen": "1. Sharp; having a fine edge or point; as, a keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge. A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and kene. Chaucer. That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. Shak. 2. Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental acuteness; as, a man of keen understanding; a keen look; keen features. To make our wits more keen. Shak. Before the keen inquiry of her thought. Cowper. 3. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; as, keen satire or sarcasm. Good father cardinal, cry thou amen To my keen curses. Shak. 4. Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind, etc, ; as, a keen wind; the cold is very keen. Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes. Goldsmith. 5. Eager; vehement; fierce; as, a keen appetite. \"Of full kene will.\" Piers Plowman. So keen and greedy to confound a man. Shak. Note: Keen is often used in the composition of words, most of which are of obvious signification; as, keen-edged, keen-eyed, keen- sighted, keen-witted, etc. Syn. -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating; biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd.\n\nTo sharpen; to make cold. [R.] Cold winter keens the brightening flood. Thomson.\n\nA prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. Coranach. [Ireland] Froude.\n\nTo wail as a keener does. [Ireland]", - "keenan": null, "keened": null, "keener": "A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]", "keenest": null, @@ -41997,79 +37153,33 @@ "keeps": "1. To care; to desire. [Obs.] I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast]. Chaucer. 2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain. If we lose the field, We can not keep the town. Shak. That I may know what keeps me here with you. Dryden. If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are considering, that would instruct us. Locke. 3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor. His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton. Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on. Addison. Note: In this sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs, as to keep away, to keep down, to keep from, to keep in, out, or off, etc. \"To keep off impertinence and solicitation from his superior.\" Addison. 4. To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to take charge of. The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade. Knolles. 5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard. Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen. xxviii. 15. 6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret. Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man. Milton. 7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend. And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Gen. ii. 15. In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor. Carew. 8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to keep books, a journal, etc. ; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a book. 9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to conduct; to manage; as, to keep store. Like a pedant that keeps a school. Shak. Every one of them kept house by himself. Hayward. 10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to keep boarders. 11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc. I keep but three men and a boy. Shak. 12. To have habitually in stock for sale. 13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession. Both day and night did we keep company. Shak. Within this portal as I kept my watch. Smollett. 14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be faithful to. I have kept the faith. 2 Tim. iv. 7. Him whom to love is to obey, and keep His great command. Milton. 15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as, to keep one's house, room, bed, etc. ; hence, to haunt; to frequent. Shak. 'Tis hallowed ground; Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it keep. J. Fletcher. 16. To observe duty, as a festival, etc. ; to celebrate; to solemnize; as, to keep a feast. I went with them to the house of God . . . with a multitude that kept holyday. Ps. xlii. 4. To keep at arm's length. See under Arm, n. -- To keep back. (a) To reserve; to withhold. \"I will keep nothing back from you.\" Jer. xlii. 4. (b) To restrain; to hold back. \"Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins.\" Ps. xix. 13. -- To keep company with. (a) To frequent the society of; to associate with; as, let youth keep company with the wise and good. (b) To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept attentions from, with a view to marriage. [Colloq.] -- To keep counsel. See under Counsel, n. -- To keep down. (a) To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder. (b) (Fine Arts) To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion of a picture, so that the spectator's attention may not be diverted from the more important parts of the work. -- To keep good (or bad) hours, to be customarily early (or late) in returning home or in retiring to rest. -- To keep house. (a) To occupy a separate house or establishment, as with one's family, as distinguished from boarding; to manage domestic affairs. (b) (Eng. Bankrupt Law) To seclude one's self in one's house in order to evade the demands of creditors. -- To keep one's hand in, to keep in practice. -- To keep open house, to be hospitable. -- To keep the peace (Law), to avoid or to prevent a breach of the peace. -- To keep school, to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor. -- To keep a stiff upper lip, to keep up one's courage. [Slang] -- To keep term. (a) (Eng. Universities) To reside during a term. (b) (Inns of Court) To eat a sufficient number of dinners in hall to make the term count for the purpose of being called to the bar. [Eng.] Mozley & W. -- To keep touch. See under Touch, n. -- To keep under, to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress. -- To keep up. (a) To maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit. (b) To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing. \"In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it.\" Locke. Syn. -- To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain; maintain; sustain; support; withhold. -- To Keep. Retain, Preserve. Keep is the generic term, and is often used where retain or preserve would too much restrict the meaning; as, to keep silence, etc. Retain denotes that we keep or hold things, as against influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons which might lead us to give them up; as, to retain vivacity in old age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit; to retain one's servant after a reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon; as, to preserve one's health; to preserve appearances.\n\n1. To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to stay; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out reach. 2. To last; to endure; to remain unimpaired. If the malt be not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not keep. Mortimer. 3. To reside for a time; to lodge; to dwell. [Now disused except locally or colloquially.] Knock at his study, where, they say, he keeps. Shak. 4. To take care; to be solicitous; to watch. [Obs.] Keep that the lusts choke not the word of God that is in us. Tyndale. 5. To be in session; as, school keeps to-day. [Colloq.] To keep from, to abstain or refrain from. -- To keep in with, to keep on good terms with; as, to keep in with an opponent. -- To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance. -- To keep to, to adhere strictly to; not to neglect or deviate from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's word or promise. -- To keep up, to remain unsubdued; also, not to be confined to one's bed.\n\n1. The act or office of keeping; custody; guard; care; heed; charge. Chaucer. Pan, thou god of shepherds all, Which of our tender lambkins takest keep. Spenser. 2. The state of being kept; hence, the resulting condition; case; as, to be in good keep. 3. The means or provisions by which one is kept; maintenance; support; as, the keep of a horse. Grass equal to the keep of seven cows. Carlyle. I performed some services to the college in return for my keep. T. Hughes. 4. That which keeps or protects; a stronghold; a fortress; a castle; specifically, the strongest and securest part of a castle, often used as a place of residence by the lord of the castle, especially during a siege; the donjon. See Illust. of Castle. The prison strong, Within whose keep the captive knights were laid. Dryden. The lower chambers of those gloomy keeps. Hallam. I think . . . the keep, or principal part of a castle, was so called because the lord and his domestic circle kept, abode, or lived there. M. A. Lower. 5. That which is kept in charge; a charge. [Obs.] Often he used of his keep A sacrifice to bring. Spenser. 6. (Mach.) A cap for retaining anything, as a journal box, in place. To take keep, to take care; to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "keepsake": "Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.", "keepsakes": "Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.", - "keewatin": null, "keg": "A small cask or barrel.", "kegs": "A small cask or barrel.", - "keillor": null, - "keisha": null, - "keith": null, - "keller": null, - "kelley": null, - "kelli": null, - "kellie": null, - "kellogg": null, - "kelly": null, "kelp": "1. The calcined ashes of seaweed, -- formerly much used in the manufacture of glass, now used in the manufacture of iodine. 2. (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed. Note: Laminaria is the common kelp of Great Britain; Macrocystis pyrifera and Nereocystis Lutkeana are the great kelps of the Pacific Ocean. Kelp crab (Zoöl.), a California spider crab (Epialtus productus), found among seaweeds, which it resembles in color. -- Kelp salmon (Zoöl.), a serranoid food fish (Serranus clathratus) of California. See Cabrilla.", - "kelsey": null, "kelvin": null, "kelvins": null, - "kemerovo": null, - "kemp": "Coarse, rough hair wool or fur, injuring its quality.", - "kempis": null, "ken": "A house; esp., one which is a resort for thieves. [Slang, Eng.]\n\n1. To know; to understand; to take cognizance of. [Archaic or Scot.] 2. To recognize; to descry; to discern. [Archaic or Scot.] \"We ken them from afar.\" Addison 'T is he. I ken the manner of his gait. Shak.\n\nTo look around. [Obs.] Burton.\n\nCognizance; view; especially, reach of sight or knowledge. \"Beyond his ken.\" Longfellow. Above the reach and ken of a mortal apprehension. South. It was relief to quit the ken And the inquiring looks of men. Trench.", - "kendall": null, - "kendra": null, - "kendrick": null, - "kenmore": null, - "kennan": null, "kenned": null, - "kennedy": null, "kennel": "The water course of a street; a little canal or channel; a gutter; also, a puddle. Bp. Hall.\n\n1. A house for a dog or for dogs, or for a pack of hounds. A dog sure, if he could speak, had wit enough to describe his kennel. Sir P. Sidney. 2. A pack of hounds, or a collection of dogs. Shak. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.\n\nTo lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. L'Estrange.\n\nTo put or keep in a kennel. Thomson.", "kenneled": null, "kenneling": null, "kennels": "The water course of a street; a little canal or channel; a gutter; also, a puddle. Bp. Hall.\n\n1. A house for a dog or for dogs, or for a pack of hounds. A dog sure, if he could speak, had wit enough to describe his kennel. Sir P. Sidney. 2. A pack of hounds, or a collection of dogs. Shak. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.\n\nTo lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. L'Estrange.\n\nTo put or keep in a kennel. Thomson.", - "kenneth": null, - "kennewick": null, "kenning": "1. Range of sight. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. The limit of vision at sea, being a distance of about twenty miles.", - "kennith": null, - "kenny": null, "keno": "A gambling game, a variety of the game of lotto, played with balls or knobs, numbered, and cards also numbered. [U. S.]", - "kenosha": null, "kens": "A house; esp., one which is a resort for thieves. [Slang, Eng.]\n\n1. To know; to understand; to take cognizance of. [Archaic or Scot.] 2. To recognize; to descry; to discern. [Archaic or Scot.] \"We ken them from afar.\" Addison 'T is he. I ken the manner of his gait. Shak.\n\nTo look around. [Obs.] Burton.\n\nCognizance; view; especially, reach of sight or knowledge. \"Beyond his ken.\" Longfellow. Above the reach and ken of a mortal apprehension. South. It was relief to quit the ken And the inquiring looks of men. Trench.", - "kent": null, - "kenton": null, - "kentuckian": null, - "kentuckians": null, - "kentucky": "One of the United States. Kentucky blue grass (Bot.), a valuable pasture and meadow grass (Poa pratensis), found in both Europe and America. See under Blue grass. -- Kentucky coffee tree (Bot.), a tall North American tree (Gymnocladus Canadensis) with bipinnate leaves. It produces large woody pods containing a few seeds which have been used as a substitute for coffee. The timber is a very valuable.", - "kenya": null, - "kenyan": null, - "kenyans": null, - "kenyatta": null, - "kenyon": null, - "keogh": null, - "keokuk": null, "kepi": "A military cap having a close-fitting band, a round flat top sloping toward the front, and a visor. As originally worn by the French in Algeria about 1830 it was tall and stiff with a straight visor. It is now lower, has a curved visor, and is frequently soft.", "kepis": "A military cap having a close-fitting band, a round flat top sloping toward the front, and a visor. As originally worn by the French in Algeria about 1830 it was tall and stiff with a straight visor. It is now lower, has a curved visor, and is frequently soft.", - "kepler": null, "kept": "of Keep. Kept mistress, a concubine; a woman supported by a man as his paramour.", "keratin": "A nitrogenous substance, or mixture of substances, containing sulphur in a loose state of combination, and forming the chemical basis of epidermal tissues, such as horn, hair, feathers, and the like. It is an insoluble substance, and, unlike elastin, is not dissolved even by gastric or pancreatic juice. By decomposition with sulphuric acid it yields leucin and tyrosin, as does albumin. Called also epidermose.", "keratitis": "Inflammation of the cornea.", "kerbside": null, "kerchief": "1. A square of fine linen worn by women as a covering for the head; hence, anything similar in form or material, worn for ornament on other parts of the person; -- mostly used in compounds; as, neckerchief; breastkerchief; and later, handkerchief. He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a kerchief, and so escape. Shak. Her black hair strained away To a scarlet kerchief caught beneath her chin. Mrs. Browning. 2. A lady who wears a kerchief. Dryden.", "kerchiefs": "1. A square of fine linen worn by women as a covering for the head; hence, anything similar in form or material, worn for ornament on other parts of the person; -- mostly used in compounds; as, neckerchief; breastkerchief; and later, handkerchief. He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a kerchief, and so escape. Shak. Her black hair strained away To a scarlet kerchief caught beneath her chin. Mrs. Browning. 2. A lady who wears a kerchief. Dryden.", - "kerensky": null, "kerfuffle": null, "kerfuffles": null, - "keri": null, - "kermit": null, - "kern": "1. A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; -- distinguished from gallowglass, and often used as a term of contempt. Macaulay. Now for our Irish wars; We must supplant those rough, rug-headed kerns. Shak. 2. Any kind of boor or low-lived person. [Obs.] Blount. 3. (O. Eng. Law) An idler; a vagabond. Wharton.\n\nA part of the face of a type which projects beyond the body, or shank.\n\nTo form with a kern. See 2d Kern.\n\nA churn. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA hand mill. See Quern. Johnson.\n\n1. To harden, as corn in ripening. [Obs.] Carew. 2. To take the form of kernels; to granulate. [Obs.] It is observed that rain makes the salt kern. Dampier.", "kernel": "1. The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls; the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything included in a shell, husk, or integument; as, the kernel of a nut. See Illust. of Endocarp. ' A were as good crack a fusty nut with no kernel Shak. 2. A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn. 3. A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh. 4. The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; as, the kernel of an argument.\n\nTo harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.", "kernels": "1. The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls; the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything included in a shell, husk, or integument; as, the kernel of a nut. See Illust. of Endocarp. ' A were as good crack a fusty nut with no kernel Shak. 2. A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn. 3. A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh. 4. The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; as, the kernel of an argument.\n\nTo harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.", "kerosene": "An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series.", - "kerouac": null, - "kerr": null, - "kerri": null, - "kerry": null, "kestrel": "A small, slender European hawk (Falco alaudarius), allied to the sparrow hawk. Its color is reddish fawn, streaked and spotted with white and black. Also called windhover and stannel. The name is also applied to other allied species. Note: This word is often used in contempt, as of a mean kind of hawk. \"Kites and kestrels have a resemblance with hawks.\" Bacon.", "kestrels": "A small, slender European hawk (Falco alaudarius), allied to the sparrow hawk. Its color is reddish fawn, streaked and spotted with white and black. Also called windhover and stannel. The name is also applied to other allied species. Note: This word is often used in contempt, as of a mean kind of hawk. \"Kites and kestrels have a resemblance with hawks.\" Bacon.", "ketch": "An almost obsolete form of vessel, with a mainmast and a mizzenmast, -- usually from one hundred to two hundred and fifty tons burden. Bomb ketch. See under Bomb.\n\nA hangman. See Jack Ketch.\n\nTo catch. [Now obs. in spelling, and colloq. in pronunciation.] To ketch him at a vantage in his snares. Spenser.", @@ -42079,16 +37189,10 @@ "ketogenic": null, "ketone": "One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor. Note: The ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc.", "ketones": "One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor. Note: The ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc.", - "kettering": null, "kettle": "A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, often without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liguids. Kettle pins, ninepins; skittles. [Obs.] Shelton. -- Kettle stitch (Bookbinding), the stitch made in sewing at the head and tail of a book. Knight.", "kettledrum": "1. (Mus.) A drum made of thin copper in the form of a hemispherical kettle, with parchment stretched over the mouth of it. Note: Kettledrums, in pairs, were formerly used in martial music for cavalry, but are now chiefly confined to orchestras, where they are called tympani. 2. An informal social party at which a light collation is offered, held in the afternoon or early evening. Cf. Drum, n., 4 and 5.", "kettledrums": "1. (Mus.) A drum made of thin copper in the form of a hemispherical kettle, with parchment stretched over the mouth of it. Note: Kettledrums, in pairs, were formerly used in martial music for cavalry, but are now chiefly confined to orchestras, where they are called tympani. 2. An informal social party at which a light collation is offered, held in the afternoon or early evening. Cf. Drum, n., 4 and 5.", "kettles": "A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, often without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liguids. Kettle pins, ninepins; skittles. [Obs.] Shelton. -- Kettle stitch (Bookbinding), the stitch made in sewing at the head and tail of a book. Knight.", - "keven": null, - "kevin": "The gazelle.", - "kevlar": null, - "kevorkian": null, - "kewpie": null, "key": "1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place. 2. An instrument which is turned like a key in fastening or adjusting any mechanism; as, a watch key; a bed key, etc. 3. That part of an instrument or machine which serves as the means of operating it; as, a telegraph key; the keys of a pianoforte, or of a typewriter. 4. A position or condition which affords entrance, control, pr possession, etc.; as, the key of a line of defense; the key of a country; the key of a political situation. Hence, that which serves to unlock, open, discover, or solve something unknown or difficult; as, the key to a riddle; the key to a problem. Those who are accustomed to reason have got the true key of books. Locke. Who keeps the keys of all the creeds. Tennyson. 5. That part of a mechanism which serves to lock up, make fast, or adjust to position. 6. (Arch.) (a) A piece of wood used as a wedge. (b) The last board of a floor when laid down. 7. (Masonry) (a) A keystone. (b) That part of the plastering which is forced through between the laths and holds the rest in place. 8. (Mach.) (a) A wedge to unite two or more pieces, or adjust their relative position; a cotter; a forelock. See Illusts. of Cotter, and Gib. (b) A bar, pin or wedge, to secure a crank, pulley, coupling, etc., upon a shaft, and prevent relative turning; sometimes holding by friction alone, but more frequently by its resistance to shearing, being usually embedded partly in the shaft and partly in the crank, pulley, etc. 9. (Bot.) An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a wing, as the fruit of the ash and maple; a samara; -- called also key fruit. 10. (Mus.) (a) A family of tones whose regular members are called diatonic tones, and named key tone (or tonic) or one (or eight), mediant or three, dominant or five, subdominant or four, submediant or six, supertonic or two, and subtonic or seven. Chromatic tones are temporary members of a key, under such names as \" sharp four,\" \"flat seven,\" etc. Scales and tunes of every variety are made from the tones of a key. (b) The fundamental tone of a movement to which its modulations are referred, and with which it generally begins and ends; keynote. Both warbling of one song, both in one key. Shak. 11. Fig: The general pitch or tone of a sentence or utterance. You fall at once into a lower key. Cowper. Key bed. Same as Key seat. -- Key bolt, a bolt which has a mortise near the end, and is secured by a cotter or wedge instead of a nut. Key bugle. See Kent bugle. -- Key of a position or country. (Mil.) See Key, 4. -- Key seat (Mach.), a bed or groove to receive a key which prevents one part from turning on the other. -- Key way, a channel for a key, in the hole of a piece which is keyed to a shaft; an internal key seat; -- called also key seat. -- Key wrench (Mach.), an adjustable wrench in which the movable jaw is made fast by a key. -- Power of the keys (Eccl.), the authority claimed by the ministry in some Christian churches to administer the discipline of the church, and to grant or withhold its privileges; -- so called from the declaration of Christ, \"I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven.\" Matt. xvi. 19.\n\nTo fasten or secure firmly; to fasten or tighten with keys or wedges. Francis. To key up. (a) (Arch.) To raise (the whole ring of an arch) off its centering, by driving in the keystone forcibly. (b) (Mus.) To raise the pitch of. (c) Hence, fig., to produce nervous tension in.", "keybinding": null, "keybindings": null, @@ -42104,8 +37208,6 @@ "keyhole": "1. A hole or apertupe in a door or lock, for receiving a key. 2. (a) (Carp.) A hole or excavation in beams intended to be joined together, to receive the key which fastens them. (b) (Mach.) a mortise for a key or cotter. Keyhole limpet (Zoöl.), a marine gastropod of the genus Fissurella and allied genera. See Fissurella. -- Keyhole saw, a narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes, etc., as in doors; a kind of compass saw or fret saw. -- Keyhole urchin (Zoöl.), any one of numerous clypeastroid sea urchins, of the genera Melitta, Rotula, and Encope; -- so called because they have one or more perforations resembling keyholes.", "keyholes": "1. A hole or apertupe in a door or lock, for receiving a key. 2. (a) (Carp.) A hole or excavation in beams intended to be joined together, to receive the key which fastens them. (b) (Mach.) a mortise for a key or cotter. Keyhole limpet (Zoöl.), a marine gastropod of the genus Fissurella and allied genera. See Fissurella. -- Keyhole saw, a narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes, etc., as in doors; a kind of compass saw or fret saw. -- Keyhole urchin (Zoöl.), any one of numerous clypeastroid sea urchins, of the genera Melitta, Rotula, and Encope; -- so called because they have one or more perforations resembling keyholes.", "keying": null, - "keynes": null, - "keynesian": null, "keynote": "1. (Mus.) The tonic or first tone of the scale in which a piece or passage is written; the fundamental tone of the chord, to which all the modulations of the piece are referred; -- called also key tone. 2. The fundamental fact or idea; that which gives the key; as, the keynote of a policy or a sermon.", "keynoted": null, "keynoter": null, @@ -42127,32 +37229,12 @@ "keystrokes": null, "keyword": null, "keywords": null, - "kfc": null, "kg": null, - "kgb": null, - "khabarovsk": null, - "khachaturian": null, "khaki": "Of a dull brownish yellow, or drab color; -- applied to cloth, originally to a stout brownish cotton cloth, used in making uniforms in the Anglo-Indian army. In the United States service the summer uniform of cotton is officially designated khaki; the winter uniform of wool, olive drab.\n\nAny kind of khaki cloth; hence, a uniform of khaki or, rarely, a soldier clad in khaki. In the United States and British armies khaki or cloth of a very similar color is almost exclusively used for service in the field.", "khakis": "Of a dull brownish yellow, or drab color; -- applied to cloth, originally to a stout brownish cotton cloth, used in making uniforms in the Anglo-Indian army. In the United States service the summer uniform of cotton is officially designated khaki; the winter uniform of wool, olive drab.\n\nAny kind of khaki cloth; hence, a uniform of khaki or, rarely, a soldier clad in khaki. In the United States and British armies khaki or cloth of a very similar color is almost exclusively used for service in the field.", - "khalid": null, "khan": "A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them.\n\nAn Eastern inn or caravansary. [Written also kawn.]", "khans": "A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them.\n\nAn Eastern inn or caravansary. [Written also kawn.]", - "kharkov": null, - "khartoum": null, - "khayyam": null, - "khazar": null, - "khmer": null, - "khoikhoi": null, - "khoisan": null, - "khomeini": null, - "khorana": null, - "khrushchev": null, - "khufu": null, - "khulna": null, - "khwarizmi": null, - "khyber": null, "khz": null, - "kia": null, "kibble": "To bruise; to grind coarsely; as, kibbled oats. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nA large iron bucket used in Cornwall and Wales for raising ore out of mines. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also kibbal.]", "kibbled": null, "kibbles": "To bruise; to grind coarsely; as, kibbled oats. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nA large iron bucket used in Cornwall and Wales for raising ore out of mines. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also kibbal.]", @@ -42168,7 +37250,6 @@ "kibitzing": null, "kibosh": "1. Nonsense; stuff; also, fashion; style. [Slang] 2. Portland cement when thrown or blown into the recesses of carved stonework to intensify the shadows. To put the kibosh on, to do for; to dispose of. [Slang]", "kick": "To strike, thrust, or hit violently with the foot; as, a horse kicks a groom; a man kicks a dog. He [Frederick the Great] kicked the shins of his judges. Macaulay. To kick the beam, to fit up and strike the beam; -- said of the lighter arm of a loaded balance; hence, to be found wanting in weight. Milton. -- To kick the bucket, to lose one's life; to die. [Colloq. & Low]\n\n1. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence; to strike out with the foot or feet, as in defense or in bad temper; esp., to strike backward, as a horse does, or to have a habit of doing so. Hence, figuratively: To show ugly resistance, opposition, or hostility; to spurn. I should kick, being kicked. Shak. 2. To recoil; -- said of a musket, cannon, etc.\n\n1. A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust with the foot. A kick, that scarce would more a horse, May kill a sound divine. Cowper. 2. The projection on the tang of the blade of a pocket knife, which prevents the edge of the blade from striking the spring. See Illust. of Pocketknife. 3. (Brickmaking) A projection in a mold, to form a depression in the surface of the brick. 4. The recoil of a musket or other firearm, when discharged.", - "kickapoo": null, "kickback": null, "kickbacks": null, "kickball": null, @@ -42186,7 +37267,6 @@ "kickstands": null, "kicky": null, "kid": "1. (Zoöl.) A young goat. The . . . leopard shall lie down with the kid. Is. xi. 6 . 2. A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed on. [Slang] Charles Reade. 3. A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the skin of rats, etc. 4. pl. Gloves made of kid. [Colloq. & Low] 5. A small wooden mess tub; -- a name given by sailors to one in which they receive their food. Cooper.\n\nTo bring forth a young goat.\n\nA fagot; a bundle of heath and furze. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.\n\nof Kythe. [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer.\n\nSee Kiddy, v. t. [Slang]", - "kidd": null, "kidded": null, "kidder": null, "kidders": null, @@ -42207,24 +37287,15 @@ "kidneys": "1. (Anat.) A glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body; a urinary gland. Note: In man and in other mammals there are two kidneys, one each side of vertebral column in the back part of the abdomen, each kidney being connected with the bladder by a long tube, the ureter, through which the urine is constantly excreted into the bladder to be periodically discharged. 2. Habit; disposition; sort; kind. Shak. There are in later other decrees, made by popes of another kidney. Barrow. Millions in the world of this man's kidney. L'Estrange. Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence. Burns. Note: This use of the word perhaps arose from the fact that the kidneys and the fat about them are an easy test of the condition of an animal as to fatness. \"Think of that, -- a man of my kidney; -- . . . as subject to heat as butter.\" Shak. 3. A waiter. [Old Cant] Tatler. Floating kidney. See Wandering kidney, under Wandering. -- Kidney bean (Bot.), a sort of bean; -- so named from its shape. It is of the genus Phaseolus (P. vulgaris). See under Bean. -- Kidney ore (Min.), a variety of hematite or iron sesquioxide, occurring in compact kidney-shaped masses. -- Kidney stone. (Min.) See Nephrite, and Jade. -- Kidney vetch (Bot.), a leguminous herb of Europe and Asia (Anthyllis vulneraria), with cloverlike heads of red or yellow flowers, once used as a remedy for renal disorders, and also to stop the flow of blood from wounds; lady's-fingers.", "kids": "1. (Zoöl.) A young goat. The . . . leopard shall lie down with the kid. Is. xi. 6 . 2. A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed on. [Slang] Charles Reade. 3. A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the skin of rats, etc. 4. pl. Gloves made of kid. [Colloq. & Low] 5. A small wooden mess tub; -- a name given by sailors to one in which they receive their food. Cooper.\n\nTo bring forth a young goat.\n\nA fagot; a bundle of heath and furze. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.\n\nof Kythe. [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer.\n\nSee Kiddy, v. t. [Slang]", "kidskin": null, - "kiel": null, "kielbasa": null, "kielbasas": null, "kielbasi": null, - "kierkegaard": null, - "kieth": null, - "kiev": null, - "kigali": null, "kike": "To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo kick [Obs.] Chaucer.", "kikes": "To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo kick [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "kikuyu": null, - "kilauea": null, - "kilimanjaro": null, "kill": "A kiln. [Obs.] Fuller.\n\nA channel or arm of the sea; a river; a stream; as, the channel between Staten Island and Bergen Neck is the Kill van Kull, or the Kills; -- used also in composition; as, Schuylkill, Catskill, etc.\n\n1. To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in any manner or by any means; to render inanimate; to put to death; to slay. Ah, kill me with thy weapon, not with words ! Shak. 2. To destroy; to ruin; as, to kill one's chances; to kill the sale of a book. \"To kill thine honor.\" Shak. Her lively color kill'd with deadly cares. Shak. 3. To cause to cease; to quell; to calm; to still; as, in seamen's language, a shower of rain kills the wind. Be comforted, good madam; the great rage, You see, is killed in him. Shak. 4. To destroy the effect of; to counteract; to neutralize; as, alkali kills acid. To kill time, to busy one's self with something which occupies the attention, or makes the time pass without tediousness. Syn. -- To murder; assassinate; slay; butcher; destroy. -- To Kill, Murder, Assassinate. To kill does not necessarily mean any more than to deprive of life. A man may kill another by accident or in self-defense, without the imputation of guilt. To murder is to kill with malicious forethought and intention. To assassinate is tomurder suddenly and by stealth. The sheriff may kill without murdering; the duelist murders, but does not assassinate his antagonist; the assassin kills and murders.", "killdeer": "A small American plover (Ægialitis vocifera). Note: It is dark grayish brown above; the rump and upper tail coverts are yellowish rufous; the belly, throat, and a line over the eyes, white; a ring round the neck and band across the breast, black.", "killdeers": "A small American plover (Ægialitis vocifera). Note: It is dark grayish brown above; the rump and upper tail coverts are yellowish rufous; the belly, throat, and a line over the eyes, white; a ring round the neck and band across the breast, black.", "killed": null, - "killeen": null, "killer": "1. One who deprives of life; one who, or that which, kills. 2. (Zoöl.) A voracious, toothed whale of the genus Orca, of which several species are known. Note: The killers have a high dorsal fin, and powerful jaws armed with large, sharp teeth. They capture, and swallow entire, large numbers of seals, porpoises, and dolphins, and are celebrated for their savage, combined attacks upon the right whales, which they are said to mutilate and kill. The common Atlantic species (Orca gladiator), is found both on the European and the American coast. Two species (Orca ater and O. rectipinna) occur on the Pacific coast.", "killers": "1. One who deprives of life; one who, or that which, kills. 2. (Zoöl.) A voracious, toothed whale of the genus Orca, of which several species are known. Note: The killers have a high dorsal fin, and powerful jaws armed with large, sharp teeth. They capture, and swallow entire, large numbers of seals, porpoises, and dolphins, and are celebrated for their savage, combined attacks upon the right whales, which they are said to mutilate and kill. The common Atlantic species (Orca gladiator), is found both on the European and the American coast. Two species (Orca ater and O. rectipinna) occur on the Pacific coast.", "killing": "Literally, that kills; having power to kill; fatal; in a colloquial sense, conquering; captivating; irresistible. -- Kill\"ing*ly, adv. Those eyes are made so killing. Pope. Nothing could be more killingly spoken. Milton.", @@ -42263,14 +37334,10 @@ "kilovolts": "A unit of electromotive force equal to one thousand volts.", "kilowatt": "One thousand watts.", "kilowatts": "One thousand watts.", - "kilroy": null, "kilt": "p. p. from Kill. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA kind of short petticoat, reaching from the waist to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland by men, and in the Lowlands by young boys; a filibeg. [Written also kelt.]\n\nTo tuck up; to truss up, as the clothes. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", "kilted": "1. Having on a kilt. 2. Plaited after the manner of kilting. 3. Tucked or fastened up; -- said of petticoats, etc.", "kilter": "See Kelter.", "kilts": "p. p. from Kill. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nA kind of short petticoat, reaching from the waist to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland by men, and in the Lowlands by young boys; a filibeg. [Written also kelt.]\n\nTo tuck up; to truss up, as the clothes. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", - "kim": null, - "kimberley": null, - "kimberly": null, "kimono": "1. A kind of loose robe or gown tied with a sash, worn as an outer garment by Japanese men and women. 2. A similar gown worn as a dressing gown by women of Western nations.", "kimonos": "1. A kind of loose robe or gown tied with a sash, worn as an outer garment by Japanese men and women. 2. A similar gown worn as a dressing gown by women of Western nations.", "kin": "A diminutive suffix; as, manikin; lambkin.\n\nA primitive Chinese instrument of the cittern kind, with from five to twenty-five silken strings. Riemann.\n\n1. Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity; connection by birth or marriage; kindred; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent. 2. Relatives; persons of the same family or race. The father, mother, and the kinbeside. Dryden. You are of kin, and so a friend to their persons. Bacon.\n\nOf the same nature or kind; kinder. \"Kin to the king.\" Shak.", @@ -42321,9 +37388,6 @@ "kingpins": null, "kings": "A Chinese musical instrument, consisting of resonant stones or metal plates, arranged according to their tones in a frame of wood, and struck with a hammer.\n\n1. A chief ruler; a sovereign; one invested with supreme authority over a nation, country, or tribe, usually by hereditary succession; a monarch; a prince. \"Ay, every inch a king.\" Shak. Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle. Burke. There was a State without king or nobles. R. Choate. But yonder comes the powerful King of Day, Rejoicing in the east Thomson. 2. One who, or that which, holds a supreme position or rank; a chief among competitors; as, a railroad king; a money king; the king of the lobby; the king of beasts. 3. A playing card having the picture of a king; as, the king of diamonds. 4. The chief piece in the game of chess. 5. A crowned man in the game of draughts. 6. pl. The title of two historical books in the Old Testament. Note: King is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote preëminence or superiority in some particular; as, kingbird; king crow; king vulture. Apostolic king.See Apostolic. -- King-at-arms, or King-of-arms, the chief heraldic officer of a country. In England the king-at-arms was formerly of great authority. His business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three principal kings-at- arms, viz., Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy. The latter (literally north roy or north king) officiates north of the Trent. -- King auk (Zoöl.), the little auk or sea dove. -- King bird of paradise. (Zoöl.), See Bird of paradise. -- King card, in whist, the best unplayed card of each suit; thus, if the ace and king of a suit have been played, the queen is the king card of the suit. -- King Cole , a legendary king of Britain, who is said to have reigned in the third century. -- King conch (Zoöl.), a large and handsome univalve shell (Cassis cameo), found in the West Indies. It is used for making cameos. See Helmet shell, under Helmet. -- King Cotton, a popular personification of the great staple production of the southern United States. -- King crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The limulus or horseshoe crab. See Limulus. (b) The large European spider crab or thornback (Maia sguinado). -- King crow. (Zoöl.) (a) A black drongo shrike (Buchanga atra) of India; -- so called because, while breeding, they attack and drive away hawks, crows, and other large birds. (b) The Dicrurus macrocercus of India, a crested bird with a long, forked tail. Its color is black, with green and blue reflections. Called also devil bird. -- King duck (Zoöl.), a large and handsome eider duck (Somateria spectabilis), inhabiting the arctic regions of both continents. -- King eagle (Zoöl.), an eagle (Aquila heliaca) found in Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is about as large as the golden eagle. Some writers believe it to be the imperial eagle of Rome. -- King hake (Zoöl.), an American hake (Phycis regius), fond in deep water along the Atlantic coast. -- King monkey (Zoöl.), an African monkey(Colobus polycomus), inhabiting Sierra Leone. -- King mullet (Zoöl.), a West Indian red mullet (Upeneus maculatus); -- so called on account of its great beauty. Called also goldfish. -- King of terrors, death. -- King parrakeet (Zoöl.), a handsome Australian parrakeet (Platycercys scapulatus), often kept in a cage. Its prevailing color is bright red, with the back and wings bright green, the rump blue, and tail black. -- King penguin (Zoöl.), any large species of penguin of the genus Aptenodytes; esp., A. longirostris, of the Falkland Islands and Kerguelen Land, and A. Patagonica , of Patagonia. -- King rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail (Rallus elegans), living in fresh-water marshes. The upper parts are fulvous brown, striped with black; the breast is deep cinnamon color. -- King salmon (Zoöl.), the quinnat. See Quinnat. -- King's, or Queen's, counsel (Eng. Law), barristers learned in the law, who have been called within the bar, and selected to be the king's or gueen's counsel. They answer in some measure to the advocates of the revenue (advocati fisci) among the Romans. They can not be employed against the crown without special license. Wharton's Law Dict. -- King's cushion, a temporary seat made by two persons crossing their hands. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- The king's English, correct or current language of good speakers; pure English. Shak. -- King's or Queen's, evidence, testimony in favor of the Crown by a witness who confesses his guilt as an accomplice. See under Evidence. [Eng.] -- King's evil, scrofula; -- so called because formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of a king. -- King snake (Zoöl.), a large, nearly black, harmless snake (Ophiobolus getulus) of the Southern United States; -- so called because it kills and eats other kinds of snakes, including even the rattlesnake. -- King's spear (Bot.), the white asphodel (Asphodelus albus). -- King's yellow, a yellow pigment, consisting essentially of sulphide and oxide of arsenic; -- called also yellow orpiment. -- King tody (Zoöl.), a small fly-catching bird (Eurylaimus serilophus) of tropical America. The head is adorned with a large, spreading, fan-shaped crest, which is bright red, edged with black. -- King vulture (Zoöl.), a large species of vulture (Sarcorhamphus papa), ranging from Mexico to Paraguay, The general color is white. The wings and tail are black, and the naked carunculated head and the neck are briliantly colored with scarlet, yellow, orange, and blue. So called because it drives away other vultures while feeding. -- King wood, a wood from Brazil, called also violet wood, beautifully streaked in violet tints, used in turning and small cabinetwork. The tree is probably a species of Dalbergia. See Jacaranda.\n\nTo supply with a king; to make a king of; to raise to royalty. [R.] Shak. Those traitorous captains of Israel who kinged themselves by slaying their masters and reigning in their stead. South.", "kingship": "The state, office, or dignity of a king; royalty. Landor.", - "kingsport": null, - "kingston": "The black angel fish. See Angel fish, under Angel.", - "kingstown": null, "kink": "1. A twist or loop in a rope or thread, caused by a spontaneous doubling or winding upon itself; a close loop or curl; a doubling in a cord. 2. An unreasonable notion; a crotchet; a whim; a caprice. [Colloq.] Cozzens.\n\nTo wind into a kink; to knot or twist spontaneously upon itself, as a rope or thread.\n\nA fit of coughing; also, a convulsive fit of laughter. [Scot.]", "kinked": null, "kinkier": null, @@ -42333,10 +37397,7 @@ "kinking": null, "kinks": "1. A twist or loop in a rope or thread, caused by a spontaneous doubling or winding upon itself; a close loop or curl; a doubling in a cord. 2. An unreasonable notion; a crotchet; a whim; a caprice. [Colloq.] Cozzens.\n\nTo wind into a kink; to knot or twist spontaneously upon itself, as a rope or thread.\n\nA fit of coughing; also, a convulsive fit of laughter. [Scot.]", "kinky": "1. Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl; as, kinky hair. 2. Queer; eccentric; crotchety. [Colloq. U.S.]", - "kinney": null, - "kinsey": null, "kinsfolk": "Relatives; kindred; kin; persons of the same family or closely or closely related families. They sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance. Luke ii. 44.", - "kinshasa": null, "kinship": "Family relationship.", "kinsman": "A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.", "kinsmen": null, @@ -42344,10 +37405,7 @@ "kinswomen": null, "kiosk": "A Turkish open summer house or pavilion, supported by pillars.", "kiosks": "A Turkish open summer house or pavilion, supported by pillars.", - "kiowa": null, - "kiowas": null, "kip": "The hide of a young or small beef creature, or leather made from it; kipskin. Kip leather. See Kipskin.", - "kipling": null, "kipped": null, "kipper": "1. (Zoöl.) A salmon after spawning. 2. A salmon split open, salted, and dried or smoked; -- so called because salmon after spawning were usually so cured, not being good when fresh. [Scot.] Kipper time, the season in which fishing for salmon is forbidden. [Eng. & Scot.]\n\nTo cure, by splitting, salting, and smoking. \"Kippered salmon.\" Dickens.\n\nAmorous; also, lively; light-footed; nimble; gay; sprightly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "kippered": null, @@ -42355,24 +37413,8 @@ "kippers": "1. (Zoöl.) A salmon after spawning. 2. A salmon split open, salted, and dried or smoked; -- so called because salmon after spawning were usually so cured, not being good when fresh. [Scot.] Kipper time, the season in which fishing for salmon is forbidden. [Eng. & Scot.]\n\nTo cure, by splitting, salting, and smoking. \"Kippered salmon.\" Dickens.\n\nAmorous; also, lively; light-footed; nimble; gay; sprightly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "kipping": null, "kips": "The hide of a young or small beef creature, or leather made from it; kipskin. Kip leather. See Kipskin.", - "kirby": null, - "kirchhoff": null, - "kirchner": null, - "kirghistan": null, - "kirghiz": null, - "kirghizia": null, - "kiribati": null, - "kirinyaga": null, - "kirk": "A church or the church, in the various senses of the word; esp., the Church of Scotland as distinguished from other reformed churches, or from the Roman Catholic Church. [Scot.] Jamieson.", - "kirkland": null, - "kirkpatrick": null, - "kirov": null, "kirsch": null, "kirsches": null, - "kirsten": null, - "kisangani": null, - "kishinev": null, - "kislev": null, "kismet": "Destiny; fate. [Written also kismat.] [Oriental]", "kiss": "1. To salute with the lips, as a mark of affection, reverence, submission, forgiveness, etc. He . . . kissed her lips with such a clamorous smack, That at the parting all the church echoed. Shak. 2. To touch gently, as if fondly or caressingly. When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees. Shak.\n\n1. To make or give salutation with the lips in token of love, respect, etc.; as, kiss and make friends. 2. To meet; to come in contact; to touch fondly. Like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume. Shak. Rose, rose and clematis, Trail and twine and clasp and kiss. Tennyson. Kissing comfit, a perfumed sugarplum to sweeten the breath. [Obs or Prov. End.] Shak.\n\n1. A salutation with the lips, as a token of affection, respect, etc.; as, a parting kiss; a kiss of reconciliation. Last with a kiss, she took a long farewell. Dryden. Dear as remembered kisses after death. Tennyson. 2. A small piece of confectionery.", "kissable": null, @@ -42380,17 +37422,13 @@ "kisser": "One who kisses. Beau. & Fl.", "kissers": "One who kisses. Beau. & Fl.", "kisses": null, - "kissimmee": null, "kissing": null, - "kissinger": null, "kissoff": null, "kissoffs": null, "kissogram": null, "kissograms": null, "kit": "To cut. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA kitten. Kit fox (Zoöl.), a small burrowing fox (Vulpes velox), inhabiting the region of the Rocky Mountains. It is brownish gray, reddish on the breast and flanks, and white below. Called also swift fox.\n\nA small violin. \"A dancing master's kit.\" Grew. Prince Turveydrop then tinkled the strings of his kit with his fingers, and the young ladies stood up to dance. Dickens.\n\n1. A large bottle. 2. A wooden tub or pail, smaller at the top than at the bottom; as, a kit of butter, or of mackerel. Wright. 3. straw or rush basket for fish; also, any kind of basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. A box for working implements; hence, a working outfit, as of a workman, a soldier, and the like. 5. A group of separate parts, things, or individuals; -- used with whole, and generally contemptuously; as, the whole kit of them.", - "kitakyushu": null, "kitchen": "1. A cookroom; the room of a house appropriated to cookery. Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot. Dryden. A fat kitchen makes a lean will. Franklin. 2. A utensil for roasting meat; as, a tin kitchen. Kitchen garden. See under Garden. -- Kitchen lee, dirty soapsuds. [Obs.] \" A brazen tub of kitchen lee.\" Ford. -- Kitchen stuff, fat collected from pots and pans. Donne.\n\nTo furnish food to; to entertain with the fare of the kitchen. [Obs.] Shak.", - "kitchener": "A kitchen servant; a cook. Carlyle.", "kitchenette": "A room combining a very small kitchen and a pantry, with the kitchen conveniences compactly arranged, sometimes so that they fold up out of sight and allow the kitchen to be made a part of the adjoining room by opening folding doors.", "kitchenettes": "A room combining a very small kitchen and a pantry, with the kitchen conveniences compactly arranged, sometimes so that they fold up out of sight and allow the kitchen to be made a part of the adjoining room by opening folding doors.", "kitchens": "1. A cookroom; the room of a house appropriated to cookery. Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot. Dryden. A fat kitchen makes a lean will. Franklin. 2. A utensil for roasting meat; as, a tin kitchen. Kitchen garden. See under Garden. -- Kitchen lee, dirty soapsuds. [Obs.] \" A brazen tub of kitchen lee.\" Ford. -- Kitchen stuff, fat collected from pots and pans. Donne.\n\nTo furnish food to; to entertain with the fare of the kitchen. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -42410,31 +37448,17 @@ "kitties": null, "kitting": null, "kitty": "1. A kitten; also, a pet name or calling name for the cat. 2. [Etym. uncertain.] (Gaming) The percentage taken out of a pool to pay for refreshments, or for the expenses of the table. R. F. Foster.", - "kiwanis": null, "kiwi": null, "kiwifruit": null, "kiwifruits": null, "kiwis": null, - "kkk": null, "kl": null, - "klan": null, - "klansman": null, - "klaus": null, "klaxon": null, "klaxons": null, - "klee": null, - "kleenex": null, - "kleenexes": null, - "klein": null, "kleptocracy": null, "kleptomania": "A propensity to steal, claimed to be irresistible. This does not constitute legal irresponsibility. Wharton.", "kleptomaniac": "A person affected with kleptomania.", "kleptomaniacs": "A person affected with kleptomania.", - "klimt": null, - "kline": null, - "klingon": null, - "klondike": null, - "klondikes": null, "kludge": null, "kludged": null, "kludges": null, @@ -42449,7 +37473,6 @@ "klutziness": null, "klutzy": null, "km": null, - "kmart": null, "kn": null, "knack": "1. To crack; to make a sharp, abrupt noise to chink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall. 2. To speak affectedly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. A petty contrivance; a toy; a plaything; a knickknack. A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap. Shak. 2. A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something; skill; facility; dexterity. The fellow . . . has not the knack with his shears. B. Jonson. The dean was famous in his time, And had a kind of knack at rhyme. Swift. 3. Something performed, or to be done, requiring aptness and dexterity; a trick; a device. \"The knacks of japers.\" Chaucer. For how should equal colors do the knack ! Pope.", "knacker": "1. One who makes knickknacks, toys, etc. Mortimer. 2. One of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the fingers, and struck together by moving the hand; -- called also clapper. Halliwell.\n\n1. a harness maker. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. One who slaughters worn-out horses and sells their flesh for dog's meat. [Eng.]", @@ -42457,7 +37480,6 @@ "knackering": null, "knackers": "1. One who makes knickknacks, toys, etc. Mortimer. 2. One of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the fingers, and struck together by moving the hand; -- called also clapper. Halliwell.\n\n1. a harness maker. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. One who slaughters worn-out horses and sells their flesh for dog's meat. [Eng.]", "knacks": "1. To crack; to make a sharp, abrupt noise to chink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall. 2. To speak affectedly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. A petty contrivance; a toy; a plaything; a knickknack. A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap. Shak. 2. A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something; skill; facility; dexterity. The fellow . . . has not the knack with his shears. B. Jonson. The dean was famous in his time, And had a kind of knack at rhyme. Swift. 3. Something performed, or to be done, requiring aptness and dexterity; a trick; a device. \"The knacks of japers.\" Chaucer. For how should equal colors do the knack ! Pope.", - "knapp": null, "knapsack": "A case of canvas or leather, for carrying on the back a soldier's necessaries, or the clothing, etc., of a traveler. And each one fills his knapsack or his scrip With some rare thing that on the field is found. Drayton.", "knapsacks": "A case of canvas or leather, for carrying on the back a soldier's necessaries, or the clothing, etc., of a traveler. And each one fills his knapsack or his scrip With some rare thing that on the field is found. Drayton.", "knave": "1. A boy; especially, a boy servant. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer. O murderous slumber, Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy That plays thee music Gentle knave, good night. Shak. 2. Any male servant; a menial. [Obs.] Chaucer. He's but Fortune's knave, A minister of her will. Shak. 3. A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person; a rogue; a villain. \"A pair of crafty knaves.\" Shak. In defiance of demonstration, knaves will continue to proselyte fools. Ames. Note: \"How many serving lads must have been unfaithful and dishonest before knave -which meant at first no more than boy -- acquired the meaning which it has now !\" Trench. 4. A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack. Knave child, a male child. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Villain; cheat; rascal; rogue; scoundrel; miscreant.", @@ -42487,16 +37509,12 @@ "knelling": null, "knells": "The stoke of a bell tolled at a funeral or at the death of a person; a death signal; a passing bell; hence, figuratively, a warning of, or a sound indicating, the passing away of anything. The dead man's knell Is there scarce asked for who. Shak. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. Gray.\n\nTo sound as a knell; especially, to toll at a death or funeral; hence, to sound as a warning or evil omen. Not worth a blessing nor a bell to knell for thee. Beau. & Fl. Yet all that poets sing, and grief hath known, Of hopes laid waste, knells in that word, \"alone\". Ld. Lytton.\n\nTo summon, as by a knell. Each matin bell, the baron saith, Knells us back to a world of death. Coleridge.", "knelt": "of Kneel.", - "knesset": null, "knew": "of Know.", - "kngwarreye": null, "knicker": "A small ball of clay, baked hard and oiled, used as a marble by boys in playing. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.", - "knickerbocker": "A linsey-woolsey fabric having a rough knotted surface on the right side; used for women's dresses.", "knickerbockers": "The name for a style of short breeches; smallclothes.", "knickers": "A small ball of clay, baked hard and oiled, used as a marble by boys in playing. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.", "knickknack": "A trifle or toy; a bawble; a gewgaw.", "knickknacks": "A trifle or toy; a bawble; a gewgaw.", - "knievel": null, "knife": "1. An instrument consisting of a thin blade, usually of steel and having a sharp edge for cutting, fastened to a handle, but of many different forms and names for different uses; as, table knife, drawing knife, putty knife, pallet knife, pocketknife, penknife, chopping knife, etc. 2. A sword or dagger. The coward conquest of a wretch's knife. Shak. Knife grass (Bot.) a tropical American sedge (Scleria latifolia), having leaves with a very sharp and hard edge, like a knife. -- War to the knife, mortal combat; a conflict carried to the last extremity.\n\n1. (Hort.) To prune with the knife. 2. To cut or stab with a knife. [Low]", "knifed": null, "knifes": "1. An instrument consisting of a thin blade, usually of steel and having a sharp edge for cutting, fastened to a handle, but of many different forms and names for different uses; as, table knife, drawing knife, putty knife, pallet knife, pocketknife, penknife, chopping knife, etc. 2. A sword or dagger. The coward conquest of a wretch's knife. Shak. Knife grass (Bot.) a tropical American sedge (Scleria latifolia), having leaves with a very sharp and hard edge, like a knife. -- War to the knife, mortal combat; a conflict carried to the last extremity.\n\n1. (Hort.) To prune with the knife. 2. To cut or stab with a knife. [Low]", @@ -42542,8 +37560,6 @@ "knockwursts": null, "knoll": "A little round hill; a mound; a small elevation of earth; the top or crown of a hill. On knoll or hillock rears his crest, Lonely and huge, the giant oak. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo ring, as a bell; to strike a knell upon; to toll; to proclaim, or summon, by ringing. \"Knolled to church.\" Shak. Heavy clocks knolling the drowsy hours. Tennyson.\n\nTo sound, as a bell; to knell. Shak. For a departed being's soul The death hymn peals, and the hollow bells knoll. Byron.\n\nThe tolling of a bell; a knell. [R.] Byron.", "knolls": "A little round hill; a mound; a small elevation of earth; the top or crown of a hill. On knoll or hillock rears his crest, Lonely and huge, the giant oak. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo ring, as a bell; to strike a knell upon; to toll; to proclaim, or summon, by ringing. \"Knolled to church.\" Shak. Heavy clocks knolling the drowsy hours. Tennyson.\n\nTo sound, as a bell; to knell. Shak. For a departed being's soul The death hymn peals, and the hollow bells knoll. Byron.\n\nThe tolling of a bell; a knell. [R.] Byron.", - "knopf": null, - "knossos": null, "knot": "1. (a) A fastening together of the pars or ends of one or more threads, cords, ropes, etc., by any one of various ways of tying or entangling. (b) A lump or loop formed in a thread, cord, rope. etc., as at the end, by tying or interweaving it upon itself. (c) An ornamental tie, as of a ribbon. Note: The names of knots vary according to the manner of their making, or the use for which they are intended; as, dowknot, reef knot, stopper knot, diamond knot, etc. 2. A bond of union; a connection; a tie. \"With nuptial knot.\" Shak. Ere we knit the knot that can never be loosed. Bp. Hall. 3. Something not easily solved; an intricacy; a difficulty; a perplexity; a problem. Knots worthy of solution. Cowper. A man shall be perplexed with knots, and problems of business, and contrary affairs. South. 4. A figure the lines of which are interlaced or intricately interwoven, as in embroidery, gardening, etc. \"Garden knots.\" Bacon. Flowers worthy of paradise, which, not nice art In beds and curious knots, but nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton. 5. A cluster of persons or things; a collection; a group; a hand; a clique; as, a knot of politicians. \"Knots of talk.\" Tennyson. His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak. Palms in cluster, knots of Paradise. Tennyson. As they sat together in small, separate knots, they discussed doctrinal and metaphysical points of belief. Sir W. Scott. 6. A portion of a branch of a tree that forms a mass of woody fiber running at an angle with the grain of the main stock and making a hard place in the timber. A loose knot is generally the remains of a dead branch of a tree covered by later woody growth. 7. A knob, lump, swelling, or protuberance. With lips serenely placid, felt the knot Climb in her throat. Tennyson. 8. A protuberant joint in a plant. 9. The point on which the action of a story depends; the gist of a matter. [Obs.] I shoulde to the knotte condescend, And maken of her walking soon an end. Chaucer. 10. (Mech.) See Node. 11. (Naut.) (a) A division of the log line, serving to measure the rate of the vessel's motion. Each knot on the line bears the same proportion to a mile that thirty seconds do to an hour. The number of knots which run off from the reel in half a minute, therefore, shows the number of miles the vessel sails in an hour. Hence: (b) A nautical mile, or 6080.27 feet; as, when a ship goes eight miles an hour, her speed is said to be eight knots. 12. A kind of epaulet. See Shoulder knot. 13. (Zoöl.) A sandpiper (Tringa canutus), found in the northern parts of all the continents, in summer. It is grayish or ashy above, with the rump and upper tail coverts white, barred with dusky. The lower parts are pale brown, with the flanks and under tail coverts white. When fat it is prized by epicures. Called also dunne. Note: The name is said to be derived from King Canute, this bird being a favorite article of food with him. The knot that called was Canutus' bird of old, Of that great king of Danes his name that still doth hold, His appetite to please that far and near was sought. Drayton.\n\n1. To tie in or with, or form into, a knot or knots; to form a knot on, as a rope; to entangle. \"Knotted curls.\" Drayton. As tight as I could knot the noose. Tennyson. 2. To unite closely; to knit together. Bacon. 3. To entangle or perplex; to puzzle. [Obs. or R.]\n\n1. To form knots or joints, as in a cord, a plant, etc.; to become entangled. Cut hay when it begins to knot. Mortimer. 2. To knit knots for fringe or trimming. 3. To copulate; -- said of toads. [R.] Shak.", "knothole": null, "knotholes": null, @@ -42561,11 +37577,8 @@ "knowledge": "1. The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition. Knowledge, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties, consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative propositions. Locke. 2. That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural. There is a great difference in the delivery of the mathematics, which are the most abstracted of knowledges. Bacon. Knowledges is a term in frequent use by Bacon, and, though now obsolete, should be revived, as without it we are compelled to borrow \"cognitions\" to express its import. Sir W. Hamilton. To use a word of Bacon's, now unfortunately obsolete, we must determine the relative value of knowledges. H. Spencer. 3. That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition. Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth. 1 Cor. viii. 1. Ignorance is the curse of God; -Knowledge, the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak. 4. That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life. Shipmen that had knowledge of the sea. 1 Kings ix. 27. 5. Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge. Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldst take knowledge of me Ruth ii. 10. 6. Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge. Syn. -- See Wisdom.\n\nTo acknowledge. [Obs.] \"Sinners which knowledge their sins.\" Tyndale.", "knowledgeable": null, "knowledgeably": null, - "knowles": null, "known": "of Know.", "knows": "Knee. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To perceive or apprehend clearly and certainly; to understand; to have full information of; as, to know one's duty. O, that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come! Shak. There is a certainty in the proposition, and we know it. Dryden. Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow. 2. To be convinced of the truth of; to be fully assured of; as, to know things from information. 3. To be acquainted with; to be no stranger to; to be more or less familiar with the person, character, etc., of; to possess experience of; as, to know an author; to know the rules of an organization. He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21. Not to know me argues yourselves unknown. Milton. 4. To recognize; to distinguish; to discern the character of; as, to know a person's face or figure. Ye shall know them by their fruits. Matt. vil. 16. And their eyes were opened, and they knew him. Luke xxiv. 31. To know Faithful friend from flattering foe. Shak. At nearer view he thought he knew the dead. Flatman. 5. To have sexual commerce with. And Adam knew Eve his wife. Gen. iv. 1. Note: Know is often followed by an objective and an infinitive (with or without to) or a participle, a dependent sentence, etc. And I knew that thou hearest me always. John xi. 42. The monk he instantly knew to be the prior. Sir W. Scott. In other hands I have known money do good. Dickens. To know how, to understand the manner, way, or means; to have requisite information, intelligence, or sagacity. How is sometimes omitted. \" If we fear to die, or know not to be patient.\" Jer. Taylor.\n\n1. To have knowledge; to have a clear and certain perception; to possess wisdom, instruction, or information; -- often with of. Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. Is. i. 3. If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. John vii. 17. The peasant folklore of Europe still knows of willows that bleed and weep and speak when hewn. Tylor. 2. To be assured; to feel confident. To know of,to ask, to inquire. [Obs.] \" Know of your youth, examine well your blood.\" Shak.", - "knox": null, - "knoxville": null, "knuckle": "1. The joint of a finger, particularly when made prominent by the closing of the fingers. Davenant. 2. The kneejoint, or middle joint, of either leg of a quadruped, especially of a calf; -- formerly used of the kneejoint of a human being. With weary knuckles on thy brim she kneeled sadly down. Golding. 3. The joint of a plant. [Obs.] Bacon. 4. (Mech.) The joining pars of a hinge through which the pin or rivet passes; a knuckle joint. 5. (Shipbuilding) A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom. 6. A contrivance, usually of brass or iron, and furnished with points, worn to protect the hand, to add force to a blow, and to disfigure the person struck; as, brass knuckles; -- called also knuckle duster. [Slang.] Knuckle joint (Mach.), a hinge joint, in which a projection with an eye, on one piece, enters a jaw between two corresponding projections with eyes, on another piece, and is retained by a pin which passes through the eyes and forms the pivot. -- Knuckle of veal (Cookery), the lower part of a leg of veal, from the line of the body to the knuckle.\n\nTo yield; to submit; -- used with down, to, or under. To knuckle to. (a) To submit to in a contest; to yield to. [Colloq.] See To knock under, under Knock, v. i. (b) To apply one's self vigorously or earnestly to; as, to knuckle to work. [Colloq.]\n\nTo beat with the knuckles; to pommel. [R.] Horace Smith.", "knuckled": "Jointed. [Obs.] Bacon.", "knuckleduster": null, @@ -42574,40 +37587,19 @@ "knuckleheads": null, "knuckles": "1. The joint of a finger, particularly when made prominent by the closing of the fingers. Davenant. 2. The kneejoint, or middle joint, of either leg of a quadruped, especially of a calf; -- formerly used of the kneejoint of a human being. With weary knuckles on thy brim she kneeled sadly down. Golding. 3. The joint of a plant. [Obs.] Bacon. 4. (Mech.) The joining pars of a hinge through which the pin or rivet passes; a knuckle joint. 5. (Shipbuilding) A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom. 6. A contrivance, usually of brass or iron, and furnished with points, worn to protect the hand, to add force to a blow, and to disfigure the person struck; as, brass knuckles; -- called also knuckle duster. [Slang.] Knuckle joint (Mach.), a hinge joint, in which a projection with an eye, on one piece, enters a jaw between two corresponding projections with eyes, on another piece, and is retained by a pin which passes through the eyes and forms the pivot. -- Knuckle of veal (Cookery), the lower part of a leg of veal, from the line of the body to the knuckle.\n\nTo yield; to submit; -- used with down, to, or under. To knuckle to. (a) To submit to in a contest; to yield to. [Colloq.] See To knock under, under Knock, v. i. (b) To apply one's self vigorously or earnestly to; as, to knuckle to work. [Colloq.]\n\nTo beat with the knuckles; to pommel. [R.] Horace Smith.", "knuckling": null, - "knudsen": null, "knurl": "A contorted knot in wood; a crossgrained protuberance; a nodule; a boss or projection. 2. One who, or that which, is crossgrained.\n\nTo provide with ridges, to assist the grasp, as in the edge of a flat knob, or coin; to mill.", "knurled": "1. Full of knots; gnarled. 2. Milled, as the head of a screw, or the edge of a coin.", "knurling": null, "knurls": "A contorted knot in wood; a crossgrained protuberance; a nodule; a boss or projection. 2. One who, or that which, is crossgrained.\n\nTo provide with ridges, to assist the grasp, as in the edge of a flat knob, or coin; to mill.", - "knuth": null, - "knuths": null, - "ko": null, "koala": "A tailless marsupial (Phascolarctos cinereus), found in Australia. The female carries her young on the back of her neck. Called also Australian bear, native bear, and native sloth.", "koalas": "A tailless marsupial (Phascolarctos cinereus), found in Australia. The female carries her young on the back of her neck. Called also Australian bear, native bear, and native sloth.", "koan": null, "koans": null, - "kobe": null, - "koch": null, - "kochab": null, - "kodachrome": null, - "kodak": "A kind of portable camera.", - "kodaly": null, - "kodiak": null, - "koestler": null, - "kohinoor": "A famous diamond, surrendered to the British crown on the annexation of the Punjab. According to Hindoo legends, it was found in a Golconda mine, and has been the property of various Hindoo and Persian rulers.", "kohl": "A mixture of soot and other ingredients, used by Egyptian and other Eastern women to darken the edges of the eyelids.", "kohlrabi": null, "kohlrabies": null, - "koizumi": null, - "kojak": null, - "kokomo": null, "kola": "Same as Cola, Cola nut.", "kolas": "Same as Cola, Cola nut.", - "kolyma": null, - "kommunizma": null, - "kong": null, - "kongo": null, - "konrad": null, "kook": null, "kookaburra": null, "kookaburras": null, @@ -42616,107 +37608,38 @@ "kookiness": null, "kooks": null, "kooky": null, - "koontz": null, "kopeck": "A small Russian coin. One hundred kopecks make a rouble, worth about sixty cents. [Written also kopek, copec, and copeck.]", "kopecks": "A small Russian coin. One hundred kopecks make a rouble, worth about sixty cents. [Written also kopek, copec, and copeck.]", - "koppel": null, - "korea": null, - "korean": null, - "koreans": null, "korma": null, - "kornberg": null, - "kory": null, - "korzybski": null, - "kosciusko": null, "kosher": "Ceremonially clean, according to Jewish law; --applied to food, esp. to meat of animals slaughtered according to the requirements of Jewish law. Opposed to tref. Hence, designating a shop, store, house, etc., where such food is sold or used.\n\nKosher food; also, a kosher shop.\n\nTo prepare in conformity with the requirements of the Jewish law, as meat.", "koshered": null, "koshering": null, "koshers": "Ceremonially clean, according to Jewish law; --applied to food, esp. to meat of animals slaughtered according to the requirements of Jewish law. Opposed to tref. Hence, designating a shop, store, house, etc., where such food is sold or used.\n\nKosher food; also, a kosher shop.\n\nTo prepare in conformity with the requirements of the Jewish law, as meat.", - "kossuth": null, - "kosygin": null, - "kotlin": null, - "koufax": null, - "kowloon": null, "kowtow": "The same as Kotow. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.", "kowtowed": null, "kowtowing": null, "kowtows": "The same as Kotow. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.", - "kp": null, "kph": null, - "kr": null, "kraal": "1. A collection of huts within a stockade; a village; sometimes, a single hut. [South Africa] 2. An inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be tamed and educated. [Ceylon]", "kraals": "1. A collection of huts within a stockade; a village; sometimes, a single hut. [South Africa] 2. An inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be tamed and educated. [Ceylon]", - "kraft": null, - "krakatoa": null, - "krakow": null, - "kramer": null, - "krasnodar": null, - "krasnoyarsk": null, "kraut": null, "krauts": null, - "krebs": null, - "kremlin": "The citadel of a town or city; especially, the citadel of Moscow, a large inclosure which contains imperial palaces, cathedrals, churches, an arsenal, etc. [Russia]", - "kremlinologist": null, - "kremlinology": null, - "kresge": null, "krill": null, - "kringle": null, - "kris": "A Malay dagger. See Creese.", - "krishna": "The most popular of the Hindoo divinities, usually held to be the eighth incarnation of the god Vishnu.", - "krishnamurti": null, - "krista": null, - "kristen": null, - "kristi": null, - "kristie": null, - "kristin": null, - "kristina": null, - "kristine": null, - "kristopher": null, - "kristy": null, - "kroc": null, - "kroger": null, "krona": null, "krone": "A coin of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, of the value of about twenty-eight cents. See Crown, n., 9.", - "kronecker": null, "kroner": null, "kronor": null, "kronur": null, - "kropotkin": null, - "kruger": null, - "krugerrand": null, - "krupp": null, "krypton": "An inert gaseous element of the argon group, occurring in air to the extent of about one volume in a million. It was discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Liquefying point, -- 152º C.; symbol, Kr; atomic weight, 83.0.", - "krystal": null, "ks": "(K is from the Latin, which used the letter but little except in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the Greek, which received it from a Phoenician source, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian,. Etymologically K is most nearly related to c, g, h (which see). Note: In many words of one syllable k is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking; since without it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s. Formerly, k was added to c in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick; but now it is omitted. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 240, 178, 179, 185.", - "kshatriya": "The military caste, the second of the four great Hindoo castes; also, a member of that caste. See Caste. [India]", "kt": null, - "kublai": null, - "kubrick": null, "kuchen": null, "kuchens": null, "kudos": "Glory; fame; renown; praise. W. H. Russel.\n\nTo praise; to extol; to glorify. \"Kudos'd egregiously.\" [R.] Southey.", "kudzu": null, "kudzus": null, - "kuhn": null, - "kuibyshev": null, - "kulthumm": null, "kumquat": "A small tree of the genus Citrus (C. Japonica) growing in China and Japan; also, its small acid, orange-colored fruit used for preserves.", "kumquats": "A small tree of the genus Citrus (C. Japonica) growing in China and Japan; also, its small acid, orange-colored fruit used for preserves.", - "kunming": null, - "kuomintang": null, - "kurd": "A native or inhabitant of a mountainous region of Western Asia belonging to the Turkish and Persian monarchies. [Written also Koord.]", - "kurdish": "Of or pertaining to the Kurds. [Written also Koordish.]", - "kurdistan": null, - "kurosawa": null, - "kurt": null, - "kurtis": null, - "kusch": null, - "kutuzov": null, - "kuwait": null, - "kuwaiti": null, - "kuwaitis": null, - "kuznets": null, - "kuznetsk": null, "kvetch": null, "kvetched": null, "kvetcher": null, @@ -42724,21 +37647,10 @@ "kvetches": null, "kvetching": null, "kw": null, - "kwakiutl": null, - "kwan": null, - "kwangju": null, - "kwanzaa": null, - "kwanzaas": null, "kwh": null, - "ky": "Kine. [Scot.] See Kee, Kie, and Kine.", - "kyle": null, - "kyoto": null, - "kyrgyzstan": null, - "kyushu": null, "l": "1. L is the twelfth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It is usually called a semivowel or liquid. Its form and value are from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek letter being from the Phoenician, and the ultimate origin prob. Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to r and u; as in pilgrim, peregrine, couch (fr. collocare), aubura (fr. LL. alburnus). Note: At the end of monosyllables containing a single vowel, it is often doubled, as in fall, full, bell; but not after digraphs, as in foul, fool, prowl, growl, foal. In English words, the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, and l is preceded by a voice glide, as in able, eagle, pronounced a''b'l, ''g'l. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 241. 2. As a numeral, L stands for fifty in the English, as in the Latin language. For 50 the Romans used the Chalcidian chi, I. Taylor (The Alphabet).\n\n1. An extension at right angles to the length of a main building, giving to the ground plan a form resembling the letter L; sometimes less properly applied to a narrower, or lower, extension in the direction of the length of the main building; a wing. [Written also ell.] 2. (Mech.) A short right-angled pipe fitting, used in connecting two pipes at right angles. [Written also ell.]", "la": "(a) A syllable applied to the sixth tone of the scale in music in solmization. (b) The tone A; -- so called among the French and Italians.\n\n1. Look; see; behold; -- sometimes followed by you. [Obs.] Shak. 2. An exclamation of surprise; -- commonly followed by me; as, La me! [Low]", "lab": "To prate; to gossip; to babble; to blab. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA telltale; a prater; a blabber. [Obs.] \"I am no lab.\" Chaucer.", - "laban": null, "label": "1. A tassel. [Obs.] Huloet. Fuller. 2. A slip of silk, paper, parchment, etc., affixed to anything, usually by an inscription, the contents, ownership, destination, etc.; as, the label of a bottle or a package. 3. A slip of ribbon, parchment, etc., attached to a document to hold the appended seal; also, the seal. 4. A writing annexed by way of addition, as a codicil added to a will. 5. (Her.) A barrulet, or, rarely, a bendlet, with pendants, or points, usually three, especially used as a mark of cadency to distinguish an eldest or only son while his father is still living. 6. A brass rule with sights, formerly used, in connection with a circumferentor, to take altitudes. Knight. 7. (Gothic Arch.) The name now generally given to the projecting molding by the sides, and over the tops, of openings in mediæval architecture. It always has a Arch. Pub. Soc. 8. In mediæval art, the representation of a band or scroll containing an inscription. Fairholt.\n\n1. To affix a label to; to mark with a name, etc.; as, to label a bottle or a package. 2. To affix in or on a label. [R.]", "labeled": null, "labeling": null, @@ -42760,9 +37672,6 @@ "laboriousness": null, "labors": "1. Physical toil or bodily exertion, especially when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable, in distinction from sportive exercise; hard, muscular effort directed to some useful end, as agriculture, manufactures, and like; servile toil; exertion; work. God hath set Labor and rest, as day and night, to men Successive. Milton. 2. Intellectual exertion; mental effort; as, the labor of compiling a history. 3. That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort. Being a labor of so great a difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for. Hooker. 4. Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth. The queen's in labor, They say, in great extremity; and feared She'll with the labor end. Shak. 5. Any pang or distress. Shak. 6. (Naut.) The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the straining of timbers and rigging. 7. Etym: [Sp.] A measure of land in Mexico and Texas, equivalent to an area of 177 Bartlett. Syn. -- Work; toil; drudgery; task; exertion; effort; industry; painstaking. See Toll.\n\n1. To exert muscular strength; to exert one's strength with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil. Adam, well may we labor still to dress This garden. Milton. 2. To exert one's powers of mind in the prosecution of any design; to strive; to take pains. 3. To be oppressed with difficulties or disease; to do one's work under conditions which make it especially hard, wearisome; to move slowly, as against opposition, or under a burden; to be burdened; -- often with under, and formerly with of. The stone that labors up the hill. Granville. The line too labors,and the words move slow. Pope. To cure the disorder under which he labored. Sir W. Scott. Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Matt. xi. 28 4. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth. 5. (Naut.) To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. Totten.\n\n1. To work at; to work; to till; to cultivate by toil. The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or only labored by children. W. Tooke. 2. To form or fabricate with toil, exertion, or care. \"To labor arms for Troy.\" Dryden. 3. To prosecute, or perfect, with effort; to urge streas, to labor a point or argument. 4. To belabor; to beat. [Obs.] Dryden.", "laborsaving": null, - "labrador": "A region of British America on the Atlantic coast, north of Newfoundland. Labrador duck (Zoöl.), a sea duck (Camtolaimus Labradorius) allied to the eider ducks. It was formerly common on the coast of New England, but is now supposed to be extinct, no specimens having been reported since 1878. -- Labrador feldspar. See Labradorite. -- Labrador tea (Bot.), a name of two low, evergreen shrubs of the genus Ledum (L. palustre and L. latifolium), found in Northern Europe and America. They are used as tea in British America, and in Scandinavia as a substitute for hops.", - "labradorean": null, - "labradors": "A region of British America on the Atlantic coast, north of Newfoundland. Labrador duck (Zoöl.), a sea duck (Camtolaimus Labradorius) allied to the eider ducks. It was formerly common on the coast of New England, but is now supposed to be extinct, no specimens having been reported since 1878. -- Labrador feldspar. See Labradorite. -- Labrador tea (Bot.), a name of two low, evergreen shrubs of the genus Ledum (L. palustre and L. latifolium), found in Northern Europe and America. They are used as tea in British America, and in Scandinavia as a substitute for hops.", "labs": "To prate; to gossip; to babble; to blab. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA telltale; a prater; a blabber. [Obs.] \"I am no lab.\" Chaucer.", "laburnum": "A small leguminous tree (Cytisus Laburnum), native of the Alps. The plant is reputed to be poisonous, esp. the bark and seeds. It has handsome racemes of yellow blossoms. Note: Scotch laburnum (Cytisus alpinus) is similar, but has smooth leaves; purple laburnum is C. purpureus.", "laburnums": "A small leguminous tree (Cytisus Laburnum), native of the Alps. The plant is reputed to be poisonous, esp. the bark and seeds. It has handsome racemes of yellow blossoms. Note: Scotch laburnum (Cytisus alpinus) is similar, but has smooth leaves; purple laburnum is C. purpureus.", @@ -42782,8 +37691,6 @@ "lacewing": "Any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus Chrysopa and allied genera. They have delicate, lacelike wings and brilliant eyes. Their larvæ are useful in destroying aphids. Called also lace-winged fly, and goldeneyed fly.", "lacewings": "Any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus Chrysopa and allied genera. They have delicate, lacelike wings and brilliant eyes. Their larvæ are useful in destroying aphids. Called also lace-winged fly, and goldeneyed fly.", "lacework": null, - "lacey": null, - "lachesis": null, "lachrymal": "1. Of or pertaining to tears; as, lachrymal effusions. 2. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or secreting, tears; as, the lachrymal gland. (b) Pertaining to the lachrymal organs; as, lachrymal bone; lachrymal duct.\n\nSee Lachrymatory.", "lachrymose": "Generating or shedding tears; given to shedding tears; suffused with tears; tearful. You should have seen his lachrymose visnomy. Lamb. -- Lach\"ry*mose`ly, adv.", "lacier": null, @@ -42812,7 +37719,6 @@ "lactation": "A giving suck; the secretion and yielding of milk by the mammary gland.", "lacteal": "1. Pertaining to, or resembling, milk; milky; as, the lacteal fluid. 2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Pertaining to, or containing, chyle; as, the lacteal vessels.\n\nOne of the lymphatic vessels which convey chyle from the small intestine through the mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct; a chyliferous vessel.", "lactic": "Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc. Lactic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a sirupy, colorless fluid, soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric modifications all having the formula C3H6O3. Sarcolactic or paralactic acid occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue, while ordinary lactic acid results from fermentation. The two acids are alike in having the same constitution (expressed by the name ethylidene lactic acid), but the latter is optically inactive, while sarcolactic acid rotates the plane of polarization to the right. The third acid, ethylene lactic acid, accompanies sarcolactic acid in the juice of flesh, and is optically inactive. -- Lactic ferment, an organized ferment (Bacterium lacticum or lactis), which produces lactic fermentation, decomposing the sugar of milk into carbonic and lactic acids, the latter, of which renders the milk sour, and precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the so- called spontaneous coagulation of milk. -- Lactic fermentation. See under Fermentation.", - "lactobacillus": null, "lactose": "1. (Physiol. Chem.) Sugar of milk or milk sugar; a crystalline sugar present in milk, and separable from the whey by evaporation and crystallization. It has a slightly sweet taste, is dextrorotary, and is much less soluble in water than either cane sugar or glucose. Formerly called lactin. 2. (Chem.) See Galactose.", "lacuna": "1. A small opening; a small pit or depression; a small blank space; a gap or vacancy; a hiatus. 2. (Biol.) A small opening; a small depression or cavity; a space, as a vacant space between the cells of plants, or one of the spaces left among the tissues of the lower animals, which serve in place of vessels for the circulation of the body fluids, or the cavity or sac, usually of very small size, in a mucous membrane.", "lacunae": null, @@ -42837,8 +37743,6 @@ "ladled": null, "ladles": "1. A cuplike spoon, often of large size, with a long handle, used in lading or dipping. When the materials of glass have been kept long in fusion, the mixture casts up the superfluous salt, which the workmen take off with ladles. Boyle. 2. (Founding) A vessel to carry liquid metal from the furnace to the mold. 3. The float of a mill wheel; -- called also ladle board. 4. (Gun.) (a) An instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon. (b) A ring, with a handle or handles fitted to it, for carrying shot. Ladle wood (Bot.), the wood of a South African tree (Cassine Colpoon), used for carving.\n\nTo take up and convey in a ladle; to dip with, or as with, a ladle; as, to ladle out soup; to ladle oatmeal into a kettle.", "ladling": null, - "ladoga": null, - "ladonna": null, "lads": "of Lead, to guide Chaucer.\n\n1. A boy; a youth; a stripling. \"Cupid is a knavish lad.\" Shak. There is a lad here, which hath fire barley loaves and two small fishes. John vi. 9. 2. A companion; a comrade; a mate. Lad's love. (Bot.) See Boy's love, under Boy.", "lady": "1. A woman who looks after the domestic affairs of a family; a mistress; the female head of a household. Agar, the handmaiden of Sara, whence comest thou, and whither goest thou The which answered, Fro the face of Sara my lady. Wyclif (Gen. xvi. 8.). 2. A woman having proprietary rights or authority; mistress; -- a feminine correlative of lord. \"Lord or lady of high degree.\" Lowell. Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, . . . We make thee lady. Shak. 3. A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound; a sweetheart. The soldier here his wasted store supplies, And takes new valor from his lady's eyes. Waller. 4. A woman of social distinction or position. In England, a title prefixed to the name of any woman whose husband is not of lower rank than a baron, or whose father was a nobleman not lower than an earl. The wife of a baronet or knight has the title of Lady by courtesy, but not by right. 5. A woman of refined or gentle manners; a well-bred woman; -- the feminine correlative of gentleman. 6. A wife; -- not now in approved usage. Goldsmith. 7. (Zoöl.) The triturating apparatus in the stomach of a lobster; -- so called from a fancied resemblance to a seated female figure. It consists of calcareous plates. Ladies' man, a man who affects the society of ladies. -- Lady altar, an altar in a lady chapel. Shipley. -- Lady chapel, a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary. -- Lady court, the court of a lady of the manor. -- Lady crab (Zoöl.), a handsomely spotted swimming crab (Platyonichus ocellatus) very common on the sandy shores of the Atlantic coast of the United States. -- Lady fern. (Bot.) See Female fern, under Female, and Illust. of Fern. -- Lady in waiting, a lady of the queen's household, appointed to wait upon or attend the queen. -- Lady Mass, a Mass said in honor of the Virgin Mary. Shipley. Lady of the manor, a lady having jurisdiction of a manor; also, the wife of a manor lord. Lady's maid, a maidservant who dresses and waits upon a lady. Thackeray. -- Our Lady, the Virgin Mary.\n\nBelonging or becoming to a lady; ladylike. \"Some lady trifles.\" Shak.", "ladybird": "Any one of numerous species of small beetles of the genus Coccinella and allied genera (family Coccinellidæ); -- called also ladybug, ladyclock, lady cow, lady fly, and lady beetle. Coccinella seplempunctata in one of the common European species. See Coccinella. Note: The ladybirds are usually more or less hemispherical in form, with a smooth, polished surface, and often colored red, brown, or black, with small spots of brighter colors. Both the larvæ and the adult beetles of most species feed on aphids, and for this reason they are very beneficial to agriculture and horticulture.", @@ -42853,8 +37757,6 @@ "ladyship": "The rank or position of a lady; -- given as a title (preceded by her or your.) Your ladyship shall observe their gravity. B. Jonson. LADY'S LACES La\"dy's la\"ces. (Bot.) A slender climbing plant; dodder. LADY'S LOOKING-GLASS La\"dy's look\"ing-glass`. (Bot.) See Venus's looking-glass, under Venus. LADY'S MANTLE La\"dy's man\"tle. (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous herbs (Alchemilla), esp. the European A. vulgaris, which has leaves with rounded and finely serrated lobes. LADY'S SEAL La\"dy's seal\".(Bot.) (a) The European Solomon's seal (Polygonatum verticillatum). (b) The black bryony (Tamus communis). LADY'S SLIPPER La\"dy's slip\"per. (Bot.) Any orchidaceous plant of the genus Cypripedium, the labellum of which resembles a slipper. Less commonly, in the United States, the garden balsam (Impatiens Balsamina). LADY'S SMOCK La\"dy's smock\". (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cardamine (C. pratensis); cuckoo flower. LADY'S THIMBLE La\"dy's thim\"ble. (Bot.) The harebell. LADY'S THUMB La\"dy's thumb\". (Bot.) An annual weed (Polygonum Persicaria), having a lanceolate leaf with a dark spot in the middle. LADY'S TRACES; LADIES' TRESSES; LADIES TRESSES La\"dy's tra\"ces, La\"dies' tress\"es. (Bot.) A name given to several species of the orchidaceous genus Spiranthes, in which the white flowers are set in spirals about a slender axis and remotely resemble braided hair.", "ladyships": "The rank or position of a lady; -- given as a title (preceded by her or your.) Your ladyship shall observe their gravity. B. Jonson. LADY'S LACES La\"dy's la\"ces. (Bot.) A slender climbing plant; dodder. LADY'S LOOKING-GLASS La\"dy's look\"ing-glass`. (Bot.) See Venus's looking-glass, under Venus. LADY'S MANTLE La\"dy's man\"tle. (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous herbs (Alchemilla), esp. the European A. vulgaris, which has leaves with rounded and finely serrated lobes. LADY'S SEAL La\"dy's seal\".(Bot.) (a) The European Solomon's seal (Polygonatum verticillatum). (b) The black bryony (Tamus communis). LADY'S SLIPPER La\"dy's slip\"per. (Bot.) Any orchidaceous plant of the genus Cypripedium, the labellum of which resembles a slipper. Less commonly, in the United States, the garden balsam (Impatiens Balsamina). LADY'S SMOCK La\"dy's smock\". (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cardamine (C. pratensis); cuckoo flower. LADY'S THIMBLE La\"dy's thim\"ble. (Bot.) The harebell. LADY'S THUMB La\"dy's thumb\". (Bot.) An annual weed (Polygonum Persicaria), having a lanceolate leaf with a dark spot in the middle. LADY'S TRACES; LADIES' TRESSES; LADIES TRESSES La\"dy's tra\"ces, La\"dies' tress\"es. (Bot.) A name given to several species of the orchidaceous genus Spiranthes, in which the white flowers are set in spirals about a slender axis and remotely resemble braided hair.", "laetrile": null, - "lafayette": "(a) The dollar fish. (b) A market fish, the goody, or spot (Liostomus xanthurus), of the southern coast of the United States.", - "lafitte": null, "lag": "1. Coming tardily after or behind; slow; tardy. [Obs.] Came too lag to see him buried. Shak. 2. Last; long-delayed; -- obsolete, except in the phrase lag end. \"The lag end of my life.\" Shak. 3. Last made; hence, made of refuse; inferior. [Obs.] \"Lag souls.\" Dryden.\n\n1. One who lags; that which comes in last. [Obs.] \"The lag of all the flock.\" Pope. 2. The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class. The common lag of people. Shak. 3. The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam engine, in opening or closing. 4. A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (Mach.), one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or a steam engine. 5. (Zoöl.) See Graylag. Lag of the tide, the interval by which the time of high water falls behind the mean time, in the first and third quarters of the moon; -- opposed to priming of the tide, or the acceleration of the time of high water, in the second and fourth quarters; depending on the relative positions of the sun and moon. -- Lag screw, an iron bolt with a square head, a sharp-edged thread, and a sharp point, adapted for screwing into wood; a screw for fastening lags.\n\nTo walk or more slowly; to stay or fall behind; to linger or loiter. \"I shall not lag behind.\" Milton. Syn. -- To loiter; linger; saunter; delay; be tardy.\n\n1. To cause to lag; to slacken. [Obs.] \"To lag his flight.\" Heywood. 2. (Mach.) To cover, as the cylinder of a steam engine, with lags. See Lag, n., 4.\n\nOne transported for a crime. [Slang, Eng.]\n\nTo transport for crime. [Slang, Eng.] She lags us if we poach. De Quincey.", "lager": "Lager beer.", "lagers": "Lager beer.", @@ -42867,11 +37769,7 @@ "lagniappes": "In Louisiana, a trifling present given to customers by tradesmen; a gratuity. Lagniappe . . .is something thrown in, gratis, for good measure. Mark Twain.", "lagoon": "1. A shallow sound, channel, pond, or lake, especially one into which the sea flows; as, the lagoons of Venice. 2. A lake in a coral island, often occupying a large portion of its area, and usually communicating with the sea. See Atoll. Lagoon island, a coral island consisting of a narrow reef encircling a lagoon.", "lagoons": "1. A shallow sound, channel, pond, or lake, especially one into which the sea flows; as, the lagoons of Venice. 2. A lake in a coral island, often occupying a large portion of its area, and usually communicating with the sea. See Atoll. Lagoon island, a coral island consisting of a narrow reef encircling a lagoon.", - "lagos": null, - "lagrange": null, - "lagrangian": null, "lags": "1. Coming tardily after or behind; slow; tardy. [Obs.] Came too lag to see him buried. Shak. 2. Last; long-delayed; -- obsolete, except in the phrase lag end. \"The lag end of my life.\" Shak. 3. Last made; hence, made of refuse; inferior. [Obs.] \"Lag souls.\" Dryden.\n\n1. One who lags; that which comes in last. [Obs.] \"The lag of all the flock.\" Pope. 2. The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class. The common lag of people. Shak. 3. The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam engine, in opening or closing. 4. A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (Mach.), one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or a steam engine. 5. (Zoöl.) See Graylag. Lag of the tide, the interval by which the time of high water falls behind the mean time, in the first and third quarters of the moon; -- opposed to priming of the tide, or the acceleration of the time of high water, in the second and fourth quarters; depending on the relative positions of the sun and moon. -- Lag screw, an iron bolt with a square head, a sharp-edged thread, and a sharp point, adapted for screwing into wood; a screw for fastening lags.\n\nTo walk or more slowly; to stay or fall behind; to linger or loiter. \"I shall not lag behind.\" Milton. Syn. -- To loiter; linger; saunter; delay; be tardy.\n\n1. To cause to lag; to slacken. [Obs.] \"To lag his flight.\" Heywood. 2. (Mach.) To cover, as the cylinder of a steam engine, with lags. See Lag, n., 4.\n\nOne transported for a crime. [Slang, Eng.]\n\nTo transport for crime. [Slang, Eng.] She lags us if we poach. De Quincey.", - "lahore": null, "laid": "of Lay. Laid paper, paper marked with parallel lines or water marks, as if ribbed, from parallel wires in the mold. It is called blue laid, cream laid, etc., according to its color.", "lain": "of Lie, v. i.", "lair": "1. A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. 2. A burying place. [Scot.] Jamieson. 3. A pasture; sometimes, food. [Obs.] Spenser.", @@ -42879,29 +37777,16 @@ "lairds": "A lord; a landholder, esp. one who holds land directly of the crown. [Scot.]", "lairs": "1. A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. 2. A burying place. [Scot.] Jamieson. 3. A pasture; sometimes, food. [Obs.] Spenser.", "laity": "1. The people, as distinguished from the clergy; the body of the people not in orders. A rising up of the laity against the sacerdotal caste. Macaulay. 2. The state of a layman. [Obs.] Ayliffe. 3. Those who are not of a certain profession, as law or medicine, in distinction from those belonging to it.", - "laius": null, - "lajos": null, "lake": "A pigment formed by combining some coloring matter, usually by precipitation, with a metallic oxide or earth, esp. with aluminium hydrate; as, madder lake; Florentine lake; yellow lake, etc.\n\nA kind of fine white linen, formerly in use. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo play; to sport. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA large body of water contained in a depression of the earth's surface, and supplied from the drainage of a more or less extended area. Note: Lakes are for the most part of fresh water; the salt lakes, like the Great Salt Lake of Utah, have usually no outlet to the ocean. Lake dwellers (Ethnol.), people of a prehistoric race, or races, which inhabited different parts of Europe. Their dwellings were built on piles in lakes, a short distance from the shore. Their relics are common in the lakes of Switzerland. -- Lake dwellings (Archæol.), dwellings built over a lake, sometimes on piles, and sometimes on rude foundations kept in place by piles; specifically, such dwellings of prehistoric times. Lake dwellings are still used by many savage tribes. Called also lacustrine dwellings. See Crannog. -- Lake fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus Chironomus. In form they resemble mosquitoes, but they do not bite. The larvæ live in lakes. -- Lake herring (Zoöl.), the cisco (Coregonus Artedii). -- Lake poets, Lake school, a collective name originally applied in contempt, but now in honor, to Southey, Coleridge, and Wordsworth, who lived in the lake country of Cumberland, England, Lamb and a few others were classed with these by hostile critics. Called also lakers and lakists. -- Lake sturgeon (Zoöl.), a sturgeon (Acipenser rubicundus), of moderate size, found in the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. It is used as food. -- Lake trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of trout and salmon; in Europe, esp. Salmo fario; in the United States, esp. Salvelinus namaycush of the Great Lakes, and of various lakes in New York, Eastern Maine, and Canada. A large variety of brook trout (S. fontinalis), inhabiting many lakes in New England, is also called lake trout. See Namaycush. -- Lake whitefish. (Zoöl.) See Whitefish. -- Lake whiting (Zoöl.), an American whitefish (Coregonus Labradoricus), found in many lakes in the Northern United States and Canada. It is more slender than the common whitefish.", "lakefront": null, "lakefronts": null, - "lakeisha": null, - "lakeland": null, "lakes": "A pigment formed by combining some coloring matter, usually by precipitation, with a metallic oxide or earth, esp. with aluminium hydrate; as, madder lake; Florentine lake; yellow lake, etc.\n\nA kind of fine white linen, formerly in use. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo play; to sport. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA large body of water contained in a depression of the earth's surface, and supplied from the drainage of a more or less extended area. Note: Lakes are for the most part of fresh water; the salt lakes, like the Great Salt Lake of Utah, have usually no outlet to the ocean. Lake dwellers (Ethnol.), people of a prehistoric race, or races, which inhabited different parts of Europe. Their dwellings were built on piles in lakes, a short distance from the shore. Their relics are common in the lakes of Switzerland. -- Lake dwellings (Archæol.), dwellings built over a lake, sometimes on piles, and sometimes on rude foundations kept in place by piles; specifically, such dwellings of prehistoric times. Lake dwellings are still used by many savage tribes. Called also lacustrine dwellings. See Crannog. -- Lake fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus Chironomus. In form they resemble mosquitoes, but they do not bite. The larvæ live in lakes. -- Lake herring (Zoöl.), the cisco (Coregonus Artedii). -- Lake poets, Lake school, a collective name originally applied in contempt, but now in honor, to Southey, Coleridge, and Wordsworth, who lived in the lake country of Cumberland, England, Lamb and a few others were classed with these by hostile critics. Called also lakers and lakists. -- Lake sturgeon (Zoöl.), a sturgeon (Acipenser rubicundus), of moderate size, found in the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. It is used as food. -- Lake trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of trout and salmon; in Europe, esp. Salmo fario; in the United States, esp. Salvelinus namaycush of the Great Lakes, and of various lakes in New York, Eastern Maine, and Canada. A large variety of brook trout (S. fontinalis), inhabiting many lakes in New England, is also called lake trout. See Namaycush. -- Lake whitefish. (Zoöl.) See Whitefish. -- Lake whiting (Zoöl.), an American whitefish (Coregonus Labradoricus), found in many lakes in the Northern United States and Canada. It is more slender than the common whitefish.", "lakeside": null, - "lakewood": null, - "lakisha": null, - "lakota": null, - "lakshmi": null, "lam": "To beat soundly; to thrash. [Obs. or Low] Beau. & Fl.", "lama": "See Llama.\n\nIn Thibet, Mongolia, etc., a priest or monk of the belief called Lamaism. The Grand Lama, or Dalai Lama Etym: [lit., Ocean Lama], the supreme pontiff in the lamaistic hierarchy. See Lamaism.", - "lamaism": "A modified form of Buddhism which prevails in Thibet, Mongolia, and some adjacent parts of Asia; -- so called from the name of its priests. See 2d Lama.", - "lamaisms": "A modified form of Buddhism which prevails in Thibet, Mongolia, and some adjacent parts of Asia; -- so called from the name of its priests. See 2d Lama.", - "lamar": null, - "lamarck": null, "lamas": "See Llama.\n\nIn Thibet, Mongolia, etc., a priest or monk of the belief called Lamaism. The Grand Lama, or Dalai Lama Etym: [lit., Ocean Lama], the supreme pontiff in the lamaistic hierarchy. See Lamaism.", "lamaseries": null, "lamasery": "A mo", - "lamaze": null, "lamb": "1. (Zoöl.) The young of the sheep. 2. Any person who is as innocent or gentle as a lamb. 3. A simple, unsophisticated person; in the cant of the Stock Exchange, one who ignorantly speculates and is victimized. Lamb of God, The Lamb (Script.), the Jesus Christ, in allusion to the paschal lamb. The twelve apostles of the Lamb. Rev. xxi. 14. Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John i. 29. -- Lamb's lettuce (Bot.), an annual plant with small obovate leaves (Valerianella olitoria), often used as a salad; corn salad. [Written also lamb lettuce.] -- Lamb's tongue, a carpenter's plane with a deep narrow bit, for making curved grooves. Knight. -- Lamb's wool. (a) The wool of a lamb. (b) Ale mixed with the pulp of roasted apples; -- probably from the resemblance of the pulp of roasted apples to lamb's wool. [Obs.] Goldsmith.\n\nTo bring forth a lamb or lambs, as sheep.", "lambada": null, "lambadas": null, @@ -42915,12 +37800,9 @@ "lambency": null, "lambent": "1. Playing on the surface; touching lightly; gliding over. \"A lambent flame.\" Dryden. \"A lambent style.\" Beaconsfield. 2. Twinkling or gleaming; fickering. \"The lambent purity of the stars.\" W. Irving.", "lambently": null, - "lambert": null, "lambing": null, "lambkin": "A small lamb.", "lambkins": "A small lamb.", - "lamborghini": null, - "lambrusco": null, "lambs": "1. (Zoöl.) The young of the sheep. 2. Any person who is as innocent or gentle as a lamb. 3. A simple, unsophisticated person; in the cant of the Stock Exchange, one who ignorantly speculates and is victimized. Lamb of God, The Lamb (Script.), the Jesus Christ, in allusion to the paschal lamb. The twelve apostles of the Lamb. Rev. xxi. 14. Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John i. 29. -- Lamb's lettuce (Bot.), an annual plant with small obovate leaves (Valerianella olitoria), often used as a salad; corn salad. [Written also lamb lettuce.] -- Lamb's tongue, a carpenter's plane with a deep narrow bit, for making curved grooves. Knight. -- Lamb's wool. (a) The wool of a lamb. (b) Ale mixed with the pulp of roasted apples; -- probably from the resemblance of the pulp of roasted apples to lamb's wool. [Obs.] Goldsmith.\n\nTo bring forth a lamb or lambs, as sheep.", "lambskin": "1. The skin of a lamb; especially, a skin dressed with the wool on, and used as a mat. Also used adjectively. 2. A kind of woolen.", "lambskins": "1. The skin of a lamb; especially, a skin dressed with the wool on, and used as a mat. Also used adjectively. 2. A kind of woolen.", @@ -42955,7 +37837,6 @@ "laming": null, "lammed": null, "lamming": null, - "lamont": null, "lamp": "A thin plate or lamina. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A light-producing vessel, instrument or apparatus; especially, a vessel with a wick used for the combustion of oil or other inflammable liquid, for the purpose of producing artificial light. 2. Figuratively, anything which enlightens intellectually or morally; anything regarded metaphorically a performing the uses of a lamp. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. Ps. cxix. 105. Ages elapsed ere Homer's lamp appeared. Cowper. 3. (Elec.) A device or mechanism for producing light by electricity. See Incandescent lamp, under Incandescent. Æolipile lamp, a hollow ball of copper containing alcohol which is converted into vapor by a lamp beneath, so as to make a powerful blowpipe flame when the vapor is ignited. Weale. -- Arc lamp (Elec.), a form of lamp in which the voltaic arc is used as the source of light. -- Dëbereiner's lamp, an apparatus for the instantaneous production of a flame by the spontaneous ignition of a jet of hydrogen on being led over platinum sponge; -- named after the German chemist Döbereiner, who invented it. Called also philosopher's lamp. -- Flameless lamp, an aphlogistic lamp. -- Lamp burner, the part of a lamp where the wick is exposed and ignited. Knight. -- Lamp fount, a reservoir for oil, in a lamp. -- Lamp jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4 (l) & (n). -- Lamp shade, a screen, as of paper, glass, or tin, for softening or obstructing the light of a lamp. -- Lamp shell (Zoöl.), any brachiopod shell of the genus Terebratula and allied genera. The name refers to the shape, which is like that of an antique lamp. See Terebratula. -- Safety lamp, a miner's lamp in which the flame is surrounded by fine wire gauze, preventing the kindling of dangerous explosive gases; -- called also, from Sir Humphry Davy the inventor, Davy lamp. -- To smell of the lamp, to bear marks of great study and labor, as a literary composition.", "lampblack": "The fine impalpable soot obtained from the smoke of carbonaceous substances which have been only partly burnt, as in the flame of a smoking lamp. It consists of finely divided carbon, with sometimes a very small proportion of various impurities. It is used as an ingredient of printers' ink, and various black pigments and cements.", "lamplight": "Light from a lamp. This world's artificial lamplights. Owen Meredith.", @@ -42973,15 +37854,10 @@ "lampshade": null, "lampshades": null, "lams": "To beat soundly; to thrash. [Obs. or Low] Beau. & Fl.", - "lan": null, - "lana": null, "lanai": null, "lanais": null, - "lancashire": null, - "lancaster": null, "lance": "1. A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen, and often decorated with a small flag; also, a spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen. A braver soldier never couched lance. Shak. 2. A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer. 3. (Founding) A small iron rod which suspends the core of the mold in casting a shell. 4. (Mil.) An instrument which conveys the charge of a piece of ordnance and forces it home. 5. (Pyrotech.) One of the small paper cases filled with combustible composition, which mark the outlines of a figure. Free lance, in the Middle Ages, and subsequently, a knight or roving soldier, who was free to engage for any state or commander that purchased his services; hence, a person who assails institutions or opinions on his own responsibility without regard to party lines or deference to authority. -- Lance bucket (Cavalry), a socket attached to a saddle or stirrup strap, in which to rest the but of a lance. -- Lance corporal, same as Lancepesade. -- Lance knight, a lansquenet. B. Jonson. -- Lance snake (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. -- Stink-fire lance (Mil.), a kind of fuse filled with a composition which burns with a suffocating odor; -- used in the counter operations of miners. To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest.\n\n1. To pierce with a lance, or with any similar weapon. Seized the due victim, and with fury lanced Her back. Dryden. 2. To open with a lancet; to pierce; as, to lance a vein or an abscess. 3. To throw in the manner of a lance. See Lanch.", "lanced": null, - "lancelot": null, "lancer": "1. One who lances; one who carries a lance; especially, a member of a mounted body of men armed with lances, attached to the cavalry service of some nations. Wilhelm. 2. A lancet. [Obs.] 3. pl. (Dancing) A set of quadrilles of a certain arrangement. [Written also lanciers.]", "lancers": "1. One who lances; one who carries a lance; especially, a member of a mounted body of men armed with lances, attached to the cavalry service of some nations. Wilhelm. 2. A lancet. [Obs.] 3. pl. (Dancing) A set of quadrilles of a certain arrangement. [Written also lanciers.]", "lances": "1. A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen, and often decorated with a small flag; also, a spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen. A braver soldier never couched lance. Shak. 2. A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer. 3. (Founding) A small iron rod which suspends the core of the mold in casting a shell. 4. (Mil.) An instrument which conveys the charge of a piece of ordnance and forces it home. 5. (Pyrotech.) One of the small paper cases filled with combustible composition, which mark the outlines of a figure. Free lance, in the Middle Ages, and subsequently, a knight or roving soldier, who was free to engage for any state or commander that purchased his services; hence, a person who assails institutions or opinions on his own responsibility without regard to party lines or deference to authority. -- Lance bucket (Cavalry), a socket attached to a saddle or stirrup strap, in which to rest the but of a lance. -- Lance corporal, same as Lancepesade. -- Lance knight, a lansquenet. B. Jonson. -- Lance snake (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. -- Stink-fire lance (Mil.), a kind of fuse filled with a composition which burns with a suffocating odor; -- used in the counter operations of miners. To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest.\n\n1. To pierce with a lance, or with any similar weapon. Seized the due victim, and with fury lanced Her back. Dryden. 2. To open with a lancet; to pierce; as, to lance a vein or an abscess. 3. To throw in the manner of a lance. See Lanch.", @@ -43019,15 +37895,12 @@ "landmasses": null, "landmine": null, "landmines": null, - "landon": null, "landowner": "An owner of land.", "landowners": "An owner of land.", "landownership": null, "landowning": "The owning of land. -- a. Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners.", "landownings": "The owning of land. -- a. Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners.", - "landry": null, "lands": "Urine. See Lant. [Obs.]\n\n1. The solid part of the surface of the earth; -- opposed to water as constituting a part of such surface, especially to oceans and seas; as, to sight land after a long voyage. They turn their heads to sea, their sterns to land. Dryden. 2. Any portion, large or small, of the surface of the earth, considered by itself, or as belonging to an individual or a people, as a country, estate, farm, or tract. Go view the land, even Jericho. Josh. ii. 1. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith. Note: In the expressions \"to be, or dwell, upon land,\" \"to go, or fare, on land,\" as used by Chaucer, land denotes the country as distinguished from the town. A poor parson dwelling upon land [i.e., in the country]. Chaucer. 3. Ground, in respect to its nature or quality; soil; as, wet land; good or bad land. 4. The inhabitants of a nation or people. These answers, in the silent night received, The kind himself divulged, the land believed. Dryden. 5. The mainland, in distinction from islands. 6. The ground or floor. [Obs.] Herself upon the land she did prostrate. Spenser. 7. (Agric.) The ground left unplowed between furrows; any one of several portions into which a field is divided for convenience in plowing. 8. (Law) Any ground, soil, or earth whatsoever, as meadows, pastures, woods, etc., and everything annexed to it, whether by nature, as trees, water, etc., or by the hand of man, as buildings, fences, etc.; real estate. Kent. Bouvier. Burrill. 9. (Naut.) The lap of the strakes in a clinker-built boat; the lap of plates in an iron vessel; -- called also landing. Knight. 10. In any surface prepared with indentations, perforations, or grooves, that part of the surface which is not so treated, as the level part of a millstone between the furrows, or the surface of the bore of a rifled gun between the grooves. Land agent, a person employed to sell or let land, to collect rents, and to attend to other money matters connected with land. -- Land boat, a vehicle on wheels propelled by sails. -- Land blink, a peculiar atmospheric brightness seen from sea over distant snow-covered land in arctic regions. See Ice blink. -- Land breeze. See under Breeze. -- Land chain. See Gunter's chain. -- Land crab (Zoöl.), any one of various species of crabs which live much on the land, and resort to the water chiefly for the purpose of breeding. They are abundant in the West Indies and South America. Some of them grow to a large size. -- Land fish a fish on land; a person quite out of place.Shak. -- Land force, a military force serving on land, as distinguished from a naval force. -- Land, ho! (Naut.), a sailor's cry in announcing sight of land. -- Land ice, a field of ice adhering to the coast, in distinction from a floe. -- Land leech (Zoöl.), any one of several species of blood-sucking leeches, which, in moist, tropical regions, live on land, and are often troublesome to man and beast. -- Land measure, the system of measurement used in determining the area of land; also, a table of areas used in such measurement. -- Land, or House, of bondage, in Bible history, Egypt; by extension, a place or condition of special oppression. -- Land o' cakes, Scotland. -- Land of Nod, sleep. -- Land of promise, in Bible history, Canaan: by extension, a better country or condition of which one has expectation. -- Land of steady habits, a nickname sometimes given to the State of Connecticut. -- Land office, a government office in which the entries upon, and sales of, public land are registered, and other business respecting the public lands is transacted. [U.S.] -- Land pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The gray pike, or sauger. (b) The Menobranchus. -- Land service, military service as distinguished from naval service. -- Land rail. (Zoöl) (a) The crake or corncrake of Europe. See Crake. (b) An Australian rail (Hypotænidia Phillipensis); -- called also pectoral rail. -- Land scrip, a certificate that the purchase money for a certain portion of the public land has been paid to the officer entitled to receive it. [U.S.] -- Land shark, a swindler of sailors on shore. [Sailors' Cant] -- Land side (a) That side of anything in or on the sea, as of an island or ship, which is turned toward the land. (b) The side of a plow which is opposite to the moldboard and which presses against the unplowed land. -- Land snail (Zoöl.), any snail which lives on land, as distinguished from the aquatic snails are Pulmonifera, and belong to the Geophila; but the operculated land snails of warm countries are Dioecia, and belong to the Tænioglossa. See Geophila, and Helix. -- Land spout, a descent of cloud and water in a conical form during the occurrence of a tornado and heavy rainfall on land. -- Land steward, a person who acts for another in the management of land, collection of rents, etc. -- Land tortoise, Land turtle (Zoöl.), any tortoise that habitually lives on dry land, as the box tortoise. See Tortoise. -- Land warrant, a certificate from the Land Office, authorizing a person to assume ownership of a public land. [U.S.] -- Land wind. Same as Land breeze (above). -- To make land (Naut.), to sight land. To set the land, to see by the compass how the land bears from the ship. -- To shut in the land, to hide the land, as when fog, or an intervening island, obstructs the view.\n\n1. To set or put on shore from a ship or other water craft; to disembark; to debark. I 'll undertake top land them on our coast. Shak. 2. To catch and bring to shore; to capture; as, to land a fish. 3. To set down after conveying; to cause to fall, alight, or reach; to bring to the end of a course; as, he landed the quoit near the stake; to be thrown from a horse and landed in the mud; to land one in difficulties or mistakes.\n\nTo go on shore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to come to the end of a course.", - "landsat": null, "landscape": "1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains. 2. A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied, the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water. etc. 3. The pictorial aspect of a country. The landscape of his native country had taken hold on his heart. Macaulay. Landscape gardening, The art of laying out grounds and arranging trees, shrubbery, etc., in such a manner as to produce a picturesque effect.", "landscaped": null, "landscaper": null, @@ -43042,16 +37915,10 @@ "landslips": "1. The slipping down of a mass of land from a mountain, hill, etc. 2. The land which slips down.", "landsman": "1. One who lives on the land; -- opposed to seaman. 2. (Naut.) A sailor on his first voyage.", "landsmen": null, - "landsteiner": null, "landward": "Toward the land.", "landwards": "Toward the land.", "lane": "Alone [Scot.] His lane, by himself; himself alone.\n\nA passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, ras, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice. It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go through. Tyndale.", "lanes": "Alone [Scot.] His lane, by himself; himself alone.\n\nA passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, ras, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice. It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go through. Tyndale.", - "lang": "Long. [Obs. or Scot.]", - "langerhans": null, - "langland": null, - "langley": null, - "langmuir": null, "language": "1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth. Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words. 2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality. 3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation. 4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style. Others for language all their care express. Pope. 5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants. 6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers. There was . . . language in their very gesture. Shak. 7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology. 8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.] All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshiped the golden image. Dan. iii. 7. Language master, a teacher of languages.[Obs.] Syn. -- Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse; conversation; talk. -- Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect. Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo- Saxon tern for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties if expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language.\n\nTo communicate by language; to express in language. Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense. Fuller.", "languages": "1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth. Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words. 2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality. 3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation. 4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style. Others for language all their care express. Pope. 5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants. 6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers. There was . . . language in their very gesture. Shak. 7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology. 8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.] All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshiped the golden image. Dan. iii. 7. Language master, a teacher of languages.[Obs.] Syn. -- Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse; conversation; talk. -- Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect. Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo- Saxon tern for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties if expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language.\n\nTo communicate by language; to express in language. Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense. Fuller.", "languid": "1. Drooping or flagging from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion; without animation; weak; weary; heavy; dull. \" Languid, powerless limbs. \" Armstrong. Fire their languid souls with Cato's virtue. Addison. 2. Slow in progress; tardy. \" No motion so swift or languid.\" Bentley. 3. Promoting or indicating weakness or heaviness; as, a languid day. Feebly she laugheth in the languid moon. Keats. Their idleness, aimless and languid airs. W. Black. Syn. -- Feeble; weak; faint; sickly; pining; exhausted; weary; listless; heavy; dull; heartless. -- Lan\"guid*ly, adv. -- Lan\"guid*ness, n.", @@ -43066,8 +37933,6 @@ "languorously": null, "languors": "1. A state of the body or mind which is caused by exhaustion of strength and characterized by a languid feeling; feebleness; lassitude; laxity. 2. Any enfeebling disease. [Obs.] Sick men with divers languors. Wyclif (Luke iv. 40). 3. Listless indolence; dreaminess. Pope. \" German dreams, Italian languors.\" The Century. Syn. -- Feebleness; weakness; faintness; weariness; dullness; heaviness; lassitude; listlessness.", "lank": "1. Slender and thin; not well filled out; not plump; shrunken; lean. Meager and lank with fasting grown. Swift. Who would not choose . . . to have rather a lank purse than an empty brain Barrow. 2. Languid; drooping.[Obs.] Who, piteous of her woes, reared her lank head. Milton. Lank hair, long, thin hair. Macaulay.\n\nTo become lank; to make lank. [Obs.] Shak. G. Fletcher.", - "lanka": null, - "lankan": null, "lanker": null, "lankest": null, "lankier": null, @@ -43076,20 +37941,12 @@ "lankly": "In a lank manner.", "lankness": "The state or quality of being lank.", "lanky": "Somewhat lank. Thackeray. The lanky Dinka, nearly seven feet in height. The Century.", - "lanny": null, "lanolin": "A peculiar fatlike body, made up of cholesterin and certain fatty acids, found in feathers, hair, wool, and keratin tissues generally. Note: Under the same name, it is prepared from wool for commercial purposes, and forms an admirable basis for ointments, being readily absorbed by the skin.", - "lansing": null, "lantern": "1. Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc. ; -- sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn, perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a street light, or of a lighthouse light. 2. (Arch.) (a) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior. (b) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns. (c) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral. 3. (Mach.) A lantern pinion or trundle wheel. See Lantern pinion (below). 4. (Steam Engine) A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc. ; -- called also lantern brass. 5. (Founding) A perforated barrel to form a core upon. 6. (Zoöl.) See Aristotle's lantern. Note: Fig. 1 represents a hand lantern; fig. 2, an arm lantern; fig. 3, a breast lantern; -- so named from the positions in which they are carried. Dark lantern, a lantern with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light; -- called also bull's-eye. -- Lantern fly, Lantern carrier (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, handsome, hemipterous insects of the genera Laternaria, Fulgora, and allies, of the family Fulgoridæ. The largest species is Laternaria phosphorea of Brazil. The head of some species has been supposed to be phosphorescent. -- Lantern jaws, long, thin jaws; hence, a thin visage. -- Lantern pinion, Lantern wheel (Mach.), a kind of pinion or wheel having cylindrical bars or trundles, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates; -- so called as resembling a lantern in shape; -- called also wallower, or trundle. -- Lantern shell (Zoöl.), any translucent, marine, bivalve shell of the genus Anatina, and allied genera. -- Magic lantern, an optical instrument consisting of a case inclosing a light, and having suitable lenses in a lateral tube, for throwing upon a screen, in a darkened room or the like, greatly magnified pictures from slides placed in the focus of the outer lens.\n\nTo furnish with a lantern; as, to lantern a lighthouse.", "lanterns": "1. Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc. ; -- sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn, perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a street light, or of a lighthouse light. 2. (Arch.) (a) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior. (b) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns. (c) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral. 3. (Mach.) A lantern pinion or trundle wheel. See Lantern pinion (below). 4. (Steam Engine) A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc. ; -- called also lantern brass. 5. (Founding) A perforated barrel to form a core upon. 6. (Zoöl.) See Aristotle's lantern. Note: Fig. 1 represents a hand lantern; fig. 2, an arm lantern; fig. 3, a breast lantern; -- so named from the positions in which they are carried. Dark lantern, a lantern with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light; -- called also bull's-eye. -- Lantern fly, Lantern carrier (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, handsome, hemipterous insects of the genera Laternaria, Fulgora, and allies, of the family Fulgoridæ. The largest species is Laternaria phosphorea of Brazil. The head of some species has been supposed to be phosphorescent. -- Lantern jaws, long, thin jaws; hence, a thin visage. -- Lantern pinion, Lantern wheel (Mach.), a kind of pinion or wheel having cylindrical bars or trundles, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates; -- so called as resembling a lantern in shape; -- called also wallower, or trundle. -- Lantern shell (Zoöl.), any translucent, marine, bivalve shell of the genus Anatina, and allied genera. -- Magic lantern, an optical instrument consisting of a case inclosing a light, and having suitable lenses in a lateral tube, for throwing upon a screen, in a darkened room or the like, greatly magnified pictures from slides placed in the focus of the outer lens.\n\nTo furnish with a lantern; as, to lantern a lighthouse.", "lanthanum": "A rare element of the group of the earth metals, allied to aluminium. It occurs in certain rare minerals, as cerite, gadolinite, orthite, etc., and was so named from the difficulty of separating it from cerium, didymium, and other rare elements with which it is usually associated. Atomic weight 138.5. Symbol La. [Formerly written also lanthanium.]", "lanyard": "1. (Naut.) A short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships; as, the lanyards of the gun ports, of the buoy, and the like; esp., pieces passing through the dead-eyes, and used to extend shrouds, stays, etc. 2. (Mil.) A strong cord, about twelve feet long, with an iron hook at one end a handle at the other, used in firing cannon with a friction tube.", "lanyards": "1. (Naut.) A short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships; as, the lanyards of the gun ports, of the buoy, and the like; esp., pieces passing through the dead-eyes, and used to extend shrouds, stays, etc. 2. (Mil.) A strong cord, about twelve feet long, with an iron hook at one end a handle at the other, used in firing cannon with a friction tube.", - "lanzhou": null, - "lao": null, - "laocoon": "1. (Class. Myth.) A priest of Apollo, during the Trojan war. (See 2.) 2. (Sculp.) A marble group in the Vatican at Rome, representing the priest Laocoön, with his sons, infolded in the coils of two serpents, as described by Virgil.", - "laos": null, - "laotian": null, - "laotians": null, "lap": "1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron. Chaucer. 2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth. Chaucer. If he cuts off but a lap of truth's garment, his heart smites him. Fuller. 3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figuratively, a place of rearing and fostering; as, to be reared in the lap of luxury. Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps. Tillotson. 4. That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies upon, or by the side of, a part of another; as, the lap of a board; also, the measure of such extension over or upon another thing. Note: The lap of shingles or slates in roofing is the distance one course extends over the second course below, the distance over the course immediately below being called the cover. 5. (Steam Engine) The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used alone, lap refers to outside lap. See Outside lap (below). 6. The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping; as, the second boat got a lap of half its length on the leader. 7. One circuit around a race track, esp. when the distance is a small fraction of a mile; as, to run twenty laps; to win by three laps. See Lap, to fold, 2. 8. In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the number necessary to complete a game; -- so called when they are counted in the score of the following game. 9. (Cotton Manuf.) A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the carding machine. 10. (Mach.) A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, and the like, or in polishing cutlery, etc. It is usually in the form of wheel or disk, which revolves on a vertical axis. Lap joint, a joint made by one layer, part, or piece, overlapping another, as in the scarfing of timbers. -- Lap weld, a lap joint made by welding together overlapping edges or ends. -- Inside lap (Steam Engine), lap of the valve with respect to the exhaust port. -- Outside lap, lap with respect to the admission, or steam, port.\n\n1. To rest or recline in a lap, or as in a lap. To lap his head on lady's breast. Praed. 2. To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc. See 1st Lap, 10.\n\n1. To fold; to bend and lay over or on something; as, to lap a piece of cloth. 2. To wrap or wind around something. About the paper . . . I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk. Sir I. Newton. 3. To infold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish. Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds. Dryden. 4. To lay or place over anything so as to partly or wholly cover it; as, to lap one shingle over another; to lay together one partly over another; as, to lap weather-boards; also, to be partly over, or by the side of (something); as, the hinder boat lapped the foremost one. 5. (Carding & Spinning) To lay together one over another, as fleeces or slivers for further working. To lap boards, shingles, etc., to lay one partly over another. -- To lap timbers, to unite them in such a way as to preserve the same breadth and depth throughout, as by scarfing. Weale.\n\nTo be turned or folded; to lie partly upon or by the side of something, or of one another; as, the cloth laps back; the boats lap; the edges lap. The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where they lap over, transparent, like the wing of a flay. Grew.\n\n1. To take up drink or food with the tongue; to drink or feed by licking up something. The dogs by the River Nilus's side, being thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore. Sir K. Digby. 2. To make a sound like that produced by taking up drink with the tongue. I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag. Tennyson.\n\nTo take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue. They 'II take suggestion as a cat laps milk. Shak.\n\n1. The act of lapping with, or as with, the tongue; as, to take anything into the mouth with a lap. 2. The sound of lapping.", "laparoscopic": null, "laparoscopy": null, @@ -43104,16 +37961,10 @@ "lapidary": "1. An artificer who cuts, polishes, and engraves precious stones; hence, a dealer in precious stones. 2. A virtuoso skilled in gems or precious stones; a connoisseur of lapidary work. Lapidary's lathe, mill, or wheel, a machine consisting essentially of a revolving lap on a vertical spindle, used by a lapidary for grinding and polishing.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the art of cutting stones, or engraving on stones, either gems or monuments; as, lapidary ornamentation. 2. Of or pertaining to monumental inscriptions; as, lapidary adulation. Lapidary style, that style which is proper for monumental and other inscriptions; terse; sententious.", "lapin": null, "lapins": null, - "laplace": null, - "laplacian": null, - "lapland": null, - "laplander": "A native or inhabitant of Lapland; -- called also Lapp.", - "lapp": "Same as Laplander. Cf. Lapps.", "lapped": null, "lappet": "A small decorative fold or flap, esp, of lace or muslin, in a garment or headdress. Swift. Lappet moth (Zoöl.), one of several species of bombycid moths, which have stout, hairy caterpillars, flat beneath. Two common American species (Gastropacha Americana, and Tolype velleda) feed upon the apple tree.\n\nTo decorate with, or as with, a lappet. [R.] Landor.", "lappets": "A small decorative fold or flap, esp, of lace or muslin, in a garment or headdress. Swift. Lappet moth (Zoöl.), one of several species of bombycid moths, which have stout, hairy caterpillars, flat beneath. Two common American species (Gastropacha Americana, and Tolype velleda) feed upon the apple tree.\n\nTo decorate with, or as with, a lappet. [R.] Landor.", "lapping": "A kind of machine blanket or wrapping material used by calico printers. Ure. Lapping engine, Lapping machine (Textile Manuf.), A machine for forming fiber info a lap. See its Lap, 9.", - "lapps": "A branch of the Mongolian race, now living in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, and the adjacent parts of Russia.", "laps": "1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron. Chaucer. 2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth. Chaucer. If he cuts off but a lap of truth's garment, his heart smites him. Fuller. 3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figuratively, a place of rearing and fostering; as, to be reared in the lap of luxury. Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps. Tillotson. 4. That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies upon, or by the side of, a part of another; as, the lap of a board; also, the measure of such extension over or upon another thing. Note: The lap of shingles or slates in roofing is the distance one course extends over the second course below, the distance over the course immediately below being called the cover. 5. (Steam Engine) The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used alone, lap refers to outside lap. See Outside lap (below). 6. The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping; as, the second boat got a lap of half its length on the leader. 7. One circuit around a race track, esp. when the distance is a small fraction of a mile; as, to run twenty laps; to win by three laps. See Lap, to fold, 2. 8. In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the number necessary to complete a game; -- so called when they are counted in the score of the following game. 9. (Cotton Manuf.) A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the carding machine. 10. (Mach.) A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, and the like, or in polishing cutlery, etc. It is usually in the form of wheel or disk, which revolves on a vertical axis. Lap joint, a joint made by one layer, part, or piece, overlapping another, as in the scarfing of timbers. -- Lap weld, a lap joint made by welding together overlapping edges or ends. -- Inside lap (Steam Engine), lap of the valve with respect to the exhaust port. -- Outside lap, lap with respect to the admission, or steam, port.\n\n1. To rest or recline in a lap, or as in a lap. To lap his head on lady's breast. Praed. 2. To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc. See 1st Lap, 10.\n\n1. To fold; to bend and lay over or on something; as, to lap a piece of cloth. 2. To wrap or wind around something. About the paper . . . I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk. Sir I. Newton. 3. To infold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish. Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds. Dryden. 4. To lay or place over anything so as to partly or wholly cover it; as, to lap one shingle over another; to lay together one partly over another; as, to lap weather-boards; also, to be partly over, or by the side of (something); as, the hinder boat lapped the foremost one. 5. (Carding & Spinning) To lay together one over another, as fleeces or slivers for further working. To lap boards, shingles, etc., to lay one partly over another. -- To lap timbers, to unite them in such a way as to preserve the same breadth and depth throughout, as by scarfing. Weale.\n\nTo be turned or folded; to lie partly upon or by the side of something, or of one another; as, the cloth laps back; the boats lap; the edges lap. The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where they lap over, transparent, like the wing of a flay. Grew.\n\n1. To take up drink or food with the tongue; to drink or feed by licking up something. The dogs by the River Nilus's side, being thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore. Sir K. Digby. 2. To make a sound like that produced by taking up drink with the tongue. I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag. Tennyson.\n\nTo take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue. They 'II take suggestion as a cat laps milk. Shak.\n\n1. The act of lapping with, or as with, the tongue; as, to take anything into the mouth with a lap. 2. The sound of lapping.", "lapse": "1. A gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; an unobserved or imperceptible progress or passing away,; -- restricted usually to immaterial things, or to figurative uses. The lapse to indolence is soft and imperceptible. Rambler. Bacon was content to wait the lapse of long centuries for his expected revenue of fame. I. Taylor. 2. A slip; an error; a fault; a failing in duty; a slight deviation from truth or rectitude. To guard against those lapses and failings to which our infirmities daily expose us. Rogers. 3. (Law) The termination of a right or privilege through neglect to exercise it within the limited time, or through failure of some contingency; hence, the devolution of a right or privilege. 4. (Theol.) A fall or apostasy.\n\n1. To pass slowly and smoothly downward, backward, or away; to slip downward, backward, or away; to glide; -- mostly restricted to figurative uses. A tendency to lapse into the barbarity of those northern nations from whom we are descended. Swift. Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Thersites, has lapsed into the burlesque character. Addison. 2. To slide or slip in moral conduct; to fail in duty; to fall from virtue; to deviate from rectitude; to commit a fault by inadvertence or mistake. To lapse in fullness Is sorer than to lie for need. Shak. 3. (Law) (a) To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, or from the original destination, by the omission, negligence, or failure of some one, as a patron, a legatee, etc. (b) To become ineffectual or void; to fall. If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six months ensuing, it lapses to the king. Ayliffe.\n\n1. To let slip; to permit to devolve on another; to allow to pass. An appeal may be deserted by the appellant's lapsing the term of law. Ayliffe. 2. To surprise in a fault or error; hence, to surprise or catch, as an offender. [Obs.] For which, if be lapsed in this place, I shall pay dear. Shak.", "lapsed": "1. Having slipped downward, backward, or away; having lost position, privilege, etc., by neglect; -- restricted to figurative uses. Once more I will renew His lapsed powers, though forfeit. Milton. 2. Ineffectual, void, or forfeited; as, a lapsed policy of insurance; a lapsed legacy. Lapsed devise, Lapsed legacy (Law), a devise, or legacy, which fails to take effect in consequence of the death of the devisee, or legatee, before that of the testator, or for ether cause. Wharton (Law Dict.).", @@ -43123,8 +37974,6 @@ "laptops": null, "lapwing": "A small European bird of the Plover family (Vanellus cristatus, or V. vanellus). It has long and broad wings, and is noted for its rapid, irregular fight, upwards, downwards, and in circles. Its back is coppery or greenish bronze. Its eggs are the \"plover's eggs\" of the London market, esteemed a delicacy. It is called also peewit, dastard plover, and wype. The gray lapwing is the Squatarola cinerea.", "lapwings": "A small European bird of the Plover family (Vanellus cristatus, or V. vanellus). It has long and broad wings, and is noted for its rapid, irregular fight, upwards, downwards, and in circles. Its back is coppery or greenish bronze. Its eggs are the \"plover's eggs\" of the London market, esteemed a delicacy. It is called also peewit, dastard plover, and wype. The gray lapwing is the Squatarola cinerea.", - "lara": null, - "laramie": null, "larboard": "The left-hand side of a ship to one on board facing toward the bow; port; -- opposed to Ant: starboard. Note: Larboard is a nearly obsolete term, having been superseded by port to avoid liability of confusion with starboard, owing to similarity of sound.\n\nOn or pertaining to the left-hand side of a vessel; port; as, the larboard quarter.", "larboards": "The left-hand side of a ship to one on board facing toward the bow; port; -- opposed to Ant: starboard. Note: Larboard is a nearly obsolete term, having been superseded by port to avoid liability of confusion with starboard, owing to similarity of sound.\n\nOn or pertaining to the left-hand side of a vessel; port; as, the larboard quarter.", "larcenies": null, @@ -43141,10 +37990,8 @@ "lardier": null, "lardiest": null, "larding": null, - "lardner": null, "lards": "1. Bacon; the flesh of swine. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. The fat of swine, esp. the internal fat of the abdomen; also, this fat melted and strained. Lard oil, an illuminating and lubricating oil expressed from lard. -- Leaf lard, the internal fat of the hog, separated in leaves or masses from the kidneys, etc.; also, the same melted.\n\n1. To stuff with bacon; to dress or enrich with lard; esp., to insert lardons of bacon or pork in the surface of, before roasting; as, to lard poultry. And larded thighs on loaded altars laid. Dryden. 2. To fatten; to enrich. [The oak] with his nuts larded many a swine. Spenser. Falstaff sweats to death. And lards the lean earth as he walks along. Shak. 3. To smear with lard or fat. In his buff doublet larded o'er with fat Of slaughtered brutes. Somerville. 4. To mix or garnish with something, as by way of improvement; to interlard. Shak. Let no alien Sedley interpose To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom prose. Dryden.\n\nTo grow fat. [Obs.]", "lardy": "Containing, or resembling, lard; of the character or consistency of lard.", - "laredo": null, "large": "1. Exceeding most other things of like in bulk, capacity, quantity, superficial dimensions, or number of constituent units; big; great; capacious; extensive; -- opposed to small; as, a nlarge horse; a large house or room; a large lake or pool; a large jug or spoon; a large vineyard; a large army; a large city. Note: For linear dimensions, and mere extent, great, and not large, is used as a qualifying word; as, great length, breadth, depth; a great distance; a great height. 2. Abundant; ample; as, a large supply of provisions. We hare yet large day. Milton. 3. Full in statement; diffuse; full; profuse. I might be very large upon the importance and advantages of education. Felton. 4. Having more than usual power or capacity; having broad sympathies and generous impulses; comprehensive; -- said of the mind and heart. 5. Free; unembarrassed. [Obs.] Of burdens all he set the Paynims large. Fairfax. 6. Unrestrained by decorum; -- said of language. [Obs.] \"Some large jests he will make.\" Shak. 7. Prodigal in expending; lavish. [Obs.] Chaucer. 8. (Naut.) Crossing the line of a ship's course in a favorable direction; -- said of the wind when it is abeam, or between the beam and the quarter. At large. (a) Without restraint or confinement; as, to go at large; to be left at large. (b) Diffusely; fully; in the full extent; as, to discourse on a subject at large. -- Common at large. See under Common, n. -- Electors at large, Representative at large, electors, or a representative, as in Congress, chosen to represent the whole of a State, in distinction from those chosen to represent particular districts in a State. [U. S.] -- To give, go, run, or sail large (Naut.), to have the wind crossing the direction of a vessel's course in such a way that the sails feel its full force, and the vessel gains its highest speed. See Large, a., 8. Syn. -- Big; bulky; huge; capacious; comprehensive; ample; abundant; plentiful; populous; copious; diffusive; liberal.\n\nFreely; licentiously. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA musical note, formerly in use, equal to two longs, four breves, or eight semibreves.", "largehearted": null, "largely": "In a large manner. Dryden. Milton.", @@ -43164,11 +38011,6 @@ "larks": "A frolic; a jolly time. [Colloq.] Dickens.\n\nTo sport; to frolic. [Colloq.]\n\nAny one numerous species of singing birds of the genus Alauda and allied genera (family Alaudidæ). They mostly belong to Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. In America they are represented by the shore larks, or horned by the shore larks, or horned larks, of the genus Otocoris. The true larks have holaspidean tarsi, very long hind claws, and usually, dull, sandy brown colors. Note: The European skylark, or lark of the poets (Alauda arvensis), is of a brown mottled color, and is noted for its clear and sweet song, uttered as it rises and descends almost perpendicularly in the air. It is considered a table delicacy, and immense numbers are killed for the markets. Other well-known European species are the crested, or tufted, lark (Alauda cristata), and the wood lark (A. arborea). The pipits, or titlarks, of the genus Anthus (family Motacillidæ) are often called larks. See Pipit. The American meadow larks, of the genus Sturnella, are allied to the starlings. See Meadow Lark. The Australian bush lark is Mirafra Horsfieldii. See Shore lark. Lark bunting (Zoöl.), a fringilline bird (Calamospiza melanocorys) found on the plains of the Western United States. -- Lark sparrow (Zoöl.), a sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), found in the Mississippi Valley and the Western United States.\n\nTo catch larks; as, to go larking.", "larkspur": "A genus of ranunculaceous plants (Delphinium), having showy flowers, and a spurred calyx. They are natives of the North Temperate zone. The commonest larkspur of the gardens is D. Consolida. The flower of the bee larkspur (D. elatum) has two petals bearded with yellow hairs, and looks not unlike a bee.", "larkspurs": "A genus of ranunculaceous plants (Delphinium), having showy flowers, and a spurred calyx. They are natives of the North Temperate zone. The commonest larkspur of the gardens is D. Consolida. The flower of the bee larkspur (D. elatum) has two petals bearded with yellow hairs, and looks not unlike a bee.", - "larousse": null, - "larry": "Same as Lorry, or Lorrie.", - "lars": "A tutelary deity; a deceased ancestor regarded as a protector of the family. The domestic Lares were the tutelar deities of a house; household gods. Hence, Eng.: Hearth or dwelling house. Nor will she her dear Lar forget, Victorious by his benefit. Lovelace. The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint. Milton. Looking backward in vain toward their Lares and lands. Longfellow.\n\nA species of gibbon (Hylobates lar), found in Burmah. Called also white-handed gibbon.", - "larsen": null, - "larson": null, "larva": "1. (Zoöl.) Any young insect from the time that it hatches from the egg until it becomes a pupa, or chrysalis. During this time it usually molts several times, and may change its form or color each time. The larvæ of many insects are much like the adults in form and habits, but have no trace of wings, the rudimentary wings appearing only in the pupa stage. In other groups of insects the larvæ are totally unlike the parents in structure and habits, and are called caterpillars, grubs, maggots, etc. 2. (Zoöl.) The early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape.", "larvae": null, "larval": "Of or pertaining to a larva.", @@ -43176,10 +38018,8 @@ "larynges": null, "laryngitis": "Inflammation of the larynx.", "larynx": "The expanded upper end of the windpipe or trachea, connected with the hyoid bone or cartilage. It contains the vocal cords, which produce the voice by their vibrations, when they are stretched and a current of air passes between them. The larynx is connected with the pharynx by an opening, the glottis, which, in mammals, is protected by a lidlike epiglottis. Note: In the framework of the human larynx, the thyroid cartilage, attached to the hyoid bone, makes the protuberance on the front of the neck known as Adam's apple, and is articulated below to the ringlike cricoid cartilage. This is narrow in front and high behind, where, within the thyroid, it is surmounted by the two arytenoid cartilages, from which the vocal cords pass forward to be attached together to the front of the thyroid. See Syrinx.", - "las": "A lace. See Lace. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nLess. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "lasagna": null, "lasagnas": null, - "lascaux": null, "lascivious": "1. Wanton; lewd; lustful; as, lascivious men; lascivious desires. Milton. 2. Tending to produce voluptuous or lewd emotions. He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber To the lascivious pleasing of a lute. Shak. -- Las*civ\"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Las*civ\"i*ous*ness, n.", "lasciviously": null, "lasciviousness": null, @@ -43195,8 +38035,6 @@ "lashings": "The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance.\n\nSee 2d Lasher.", "lasing": null, "lass": "A youth woman; a girl; a sweetheart.", - "lassa": null, - "lassen": null, "lasses": "Less. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "lassie": "A young girl; a lass. [Scot.]", "lassies": "A young girl; a lass. [Scot.]", @@ -43212,7 +38050,6 @@ "lastly": "1. In the last place; in conclusion. 2. at last; finally.", "lasts": "of Last, to endure, contracted from lasteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Being after all the others, similarly classed or considered, in time, place, or order of succession; following all the rest; final; hindmost; farthest; as, the last year of a century; the last man in a line of soldiers; the last page in a book; his last chance. Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the law of God. Neh. viii. 18. Fairest of stars, last in the train of night. Milton. 2. Next before the present; as, I saw him last week. 3. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost. Contending for principles of the last importance. R. Hall . 4. Lowest in rank or degree; as, the last prize. Pope. 5. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely; having least fitness; as, he is the last person to be accused of theft. At last, at the end of a certain period; after delay. \"The duke of Savoy felt that the time had at last arrived.\" Motley. -- At the last. Etym: [Prob. fr. AS. on laste behind, following behind, fr. last race, track, footstep. See Last mold of the foot.] At the end; in the conclusion. [Obs.] \"Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he shall overcome at the last.\" Gen. xlix. 19. -- Last heir, the person to whom lands escheat for want of an heir. [Eng.] Abbott. -- On one's last legs, at, or near, the end of one's resources; hence, on the verge of failure or ruin, especially in a financial sense. [Colloq.] -- To breathe one's last, to die. -- To the last, to the end; till the conclusion. And blunder on in business to the last. Pope. Syn. -- At Last, At Length. These phrases both denote that some delayed end or result has been reached. At length implies that a long period was spent in so doing; as, after a voyage of more than three months, we at Length arrived safe. At last commonly implies that something has occurred (as interruptions, disappointments, etc.) which leads us to emphasize the idea of having reached the end; as, in spite of every obstacle, we have at last arrived.\n\n1. At a time or on an occasion which is the latest of all those spoken of or which have occurred; the last time; as, I saw him last in New York. 2. In conclusion; finally.lastly Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires. Dryden. 3. At a time next preceding the present time. How long is't now since last yourself and I Were in a mask Shak.\n\n1. To continue in time; to endure; to remain in existence. [I] proffered me to be slave in all that she me would ordain while my life lasted. Testament of Love. 2. To endure use, or continue in existence, without impairment or exhaustion; as, this cloth lasts better than that; the fuel will last through the winter.\n\nA wooden block shaped like the human foot, on which boots and shoes are formed. The cobbler is not to go beyond his last. L'Estrange. Darning last, a smooth, hard body, often egg-shaped, put into a stocking to preserve its shape in darning.\n\nTo shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last; as, to last a boot.\n\n1. A load; a heavy burden; hence, a certain weight or measure, generally estimated at 4,000 lbs., but varying for different articles and in different countries. In England, a last of codfish, white herrings, meal, or ashes, is twelve barrels; a last of corn, ten quarters, or eighty bushels, in some parts of England, twenty-one quarters; of gunpowder, twenty-four barrels, each containing 100 lbs; of red herrings, twenty cades, or 20,000; of hides, twelve dozen; of leather, twenty dickers; of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels; of wool, twelve sacks; of flax or feathers, 1,700 lbs. 2. The burden of a ship; a cargo.", "lat": "To let; to allow. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "latasha": null, "latch": "To smear; to anoint. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. That which fastens or holds; a lace; a snare. [Obs.] Rom. of R. 2. A movable piece which holds anything in place by entering a notch or cavity; specifically, the catch which holds a door or gate when closed, though it be not bolted. 3. (Naut.) A latching. 4. A crossbow. [Obs.] Wright.\n\n1. To catch so as to hold. [Obs.] Those that remained threw darts at our men, and latching our darts, sent them again at us. Golding. 2. To catch or fasten by means of a latch. The door was only latched. Locke.", "latched": null, "latches": null, @@ -43232,11 +38069,9 @@ "lateraling": null, "laterally": "By the side; sidewise; toward, or from, the side.", "laterals": "1. Of or pertaining to the sides; as, the lateral walls of a house; the lateral branches of a tree. 2. (Anat.) Lying at, or extending toward, the side; away from the mesial plane; external; -- opposed to mesial. 3. Directed to the side; as, a lateral view of a thing. Lateral cleavage (Crystallog.), cleavage parallel to the lateral planes. -- Lateral equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree. [Obs.] -- Lateral line (Anat.), in fishes, a line of sensory organs along either side of the body, often marked by a distinct line of color. -- Lateral pressure or stress (Mech.), a pressure or stress at right angles to the length, as of a beam or bridge; -- distinguished from longitudinal pressure or stress. -- Lateral strength (Mech.), strength which resists a tendency to fracture arising from lateral pressure. -- Lateral system (Bridge Building), the system of horizontal braces (as between two vertical trusses) by which lateral stiffness is secured.", - "lateran": "The church and palace of St. John Lateran, the church being the cathedral church of Rome, and the highest in rank of all churches in the Catholic world. Note: The name is said to have been derived from that of the Laterani family, who possessed a palace on or near the spot where the church now stands. In this church several ecclesiastical councils, hence called Lateran councils, have been held.", "latest": null, "latex": "A milky or colored juice in certain plants in cavities (called latex cells or latex tubes). It contains the peculiar principles of the plants, whether aromatic, bitter, or acid, and in many instances yields caoutchouc upon coagulation.", "lath": "A thin, narrow strip of wood, nailed to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting the tiles, plastering, etc. A corrugated metallic strip or plate is sometimes used. Lath brick, a long, slender brick, used in making the floor on which malt is placed in the drying kiln. Lath nail a slender nail for fastening laths.\n\nTo cover or line with laths.", - "latham": null, "lathe": "Formerly, a part or division of a county among the Anglo- Saxons. At present it consists of four or five hundreds, and is confined to the county of Kent. [Written also lath.] Brande & C.\n\n1. A granary; a barn. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Mach.) A machine for turning, that is, for shaping articles of wood, metal, or other material, by causing them to revolve while acted upon by a cutting tool. 3. The movable swing frame of a loom, carrying the reed for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft; -- called also lay and batten. Blanchard lathe, a lathe for turning irregular forms after a given pattern, as lasts, gunstocks, and the like. -- Drill lathe, or Speed lathe, a small lathe which, from its high speed, is adapted for drilling; a hand lathe. -- Engine lathe, a turning lathe in which the cutting tool has an automatic feed; -- used chiefly for turning and boring metals, cutting screws, etc. -- Foot lathe, a lathe which is driven by a treadle worked by the foot. -- Geometric lathe. See under Geometric -- Hand lathe, a lathe operated by hand; a power turning lathe without an automatic feed for the tool. -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe. -- Throw lathe, a small lathe worked by one hand, while the cutting tool is held in the other.", "lathed": null, "lather": "1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened with water. 2. Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse.\n\nTo spread over with lather; as, to lather the face.\n\nTo form lather, or a froth like lather; to accumulate foam from profuse sweating, as a horse.\n\nTo beat severely with a thong, strap, or the like; to flog. [Low]", @@ -43248,25 +38083,14 @@ "lathing": "The act or process of covering with laths; laths, collectively; a covering of laths.", "laths": "A thin, narrow strip of wood, nailed to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting the tiles, plastering, etc. A corrugated metallic strip or plate is sometimes used. Lath brick, a long, slender brick, used in making the floor on which malt is placed in the drying kiln. Lath nail a slender nail for fastening laths.\n\nTo cover or line with laths.", "latices": null, - "latin": "1. Of or pertaining to Latium, or to the Latins, a people of Latium; Roman; as, the Latin language. 2. Of, pertaining to, or composed in, the language used by the Romans or Latins; as, a Latin grammar; a Latin composition or idiom. Latin Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Western or Roman Catholic Church, as distinct from the Greek or Eastern Church. -- Latin cross. See Illust. 1 of Cross. -- Latin races, a designation sometimes loosely given to certain nations, esp. the French, Spanish, and Italians, who speak languages principally derived from Latin. Latin Union, an association of states, originally comprising France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy, which, in 1865, entered into a monetary agreement, providing for an identity in the weight and fineness of the gold and silver coins of those countries, and for the amounts of each kind of coinage by each. Greece, Servia, Roumania, and Spain subsequently joined the Union.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Latium; a Roman. 2. The language of the ancient Romans. 3. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin. [Obs.] Ascham. 4. (Eccl.) A member of the Roman Catholic Church. (Dog Latin, barbarous Latin; a jargon in imitation of Latin; as, the log Latin of schoolboys. -- Late Latin, Low Latin, terms used indifferently to designate the latest stages of the Latin language; low Latin (and, perhaps, late Latin also), including the barbarous coinages from the French, German, and other languages into a Latin form made after the Latin had become a dead language for the people. -- Law Latin, that kind of late, or low, Latin, used in statutes and legal instruments; -- often barbarous.\n\nTo write or speak in Latin; to turn or render into Latin. [Obs.] Fuller.", - "latina": null, - "latiner": null, - "latino": null, - "latinos": null, - "latins": "1. Of or pertaining to Latium, or to the Latins, a people of Latium; Roman; as, the Latin language. 2. Of, pertaining to, or composed in, the language used by the Romans or Latins; as, a Latin grammar; a Latin composition or idiom. Latin Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Western or Roman Catholic Church, as distinct from the Greek or Eastern Church. -- Latin cross. See Illust. 1 of Cross. -- Latin races, a designation sometimes loosely given to certain nations, esp. the French, Spanish, and Italians, who speak languages principally derived from Latin. Latin Union, an association of states, originally comprising France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy, which, in 1865, entered into a monetary agreement, providing for an identity in the weight and fineness of the gold and silver coins of those countries, and for the amounts of each kind of coinage by each. Greece, Servia, Roumania, and Spain subsequently joined the Union.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Latium; a Roman. 2. The language of the ancient Romans. 3. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin. [Obs.] Ascham. 4. (Eccl.) A member of the Roman Catholic Church. (Dog Latin, barbarous Latin; a jargon in imitation of Latin; as, the log Latin of schoolboys. -- Late Latin, Low Latin, terms used indifferently to designate the latest stages of the Latin language; low Latin (and, perhaps, late Latin also), including the barbarous coinages from the French, German, and other languages into a Latin form made after the Latin had become a dead language for the people. -- Law Latin, that kind of late, or low, Latin, used in statutes and legal instruments; -- often barbarous.\n\nTo write or speak in Latin; to turn or render into Latin. [Obs.] Fuller.", - "latinx": null, "latish": "Somewhat late. [Colloq.]", - "latisha": null, "latitude": "1. Extent from side to side, or distance sidewise from a given point or line; breadth; width. Provided the length do not exceed the latitude above one third part. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Room; space; freedom from confinement or restraint; hence, looseness; laxity; independence. In human actions there are no degrees and precise natural limits described, but a latitude is indulged. Jer. Taylor. 3. Extent or breadth of signification, application, etc.; extent of deviation from a standard, as truth, style, etc. No discreet man will believe Augustine's miracles, in the latitude of monkish relations. Fuller. 4. Extent; size; amplitude; scope. I pretend not to treat of them in their full latitude. Locke. 5. (Geog.) Distance north or south of the equator, measured on a meridian. 6. (Astron.) The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic. Ascending latitude, Circle of latitude, Geographical latitude, etc. See under Ascending. Circle, etc. -- High latitude, that part of the earth's surface near either pole, esp. that part within either the arctic or the antarctic circle. -- Low latitude, that part of the earth's surface which is near the equator.", "latitudes": "1. Extent from side to side, or distance sidewise from a given point or line; breadth; width. Provided the length do not exceed the latitude above one third part. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Room; space; freedom from confinement or restraint; hence, looseness; laxity; independence. In human actions there are no degrees and precise natural limits described, but a latitude is indulged. Jer. Taylor. 3. Extent or breadth of signification, application, etc.; extent of deviation from a standard, as truth, style, etc. No discreet man will believe Augustine's miracles, in the latitude of monkish relations. Fuller. 4. Extent; size; amplitude; scope. I pretend not to treat of them in their full latitude. Locke. 5. (Geog.) Distance north or south of the equator, measured on a meridian. 6. (Astron.) The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic. Ascending latitude, Circle of latitude, Geographical latitude, etc. See under Ascending. Circle, etc. -- High latitude, that part of the earth's surface near either pole, esp. that part within either the arctic or the antarctic circle. -- Low latitude, that part of the earth's surface which is near the equator.", "latitudinal": "Of or pertaining to latitude; in the direction of latitude.", "latitudinarian": "1. Not restrained; not confined by precise limits. 2. Indifferent to a strict application of any standard of belief or opinion; hence, deviating more or less widely from such standard; lax in doctrine; as, latitudinarian divines; latitudinarian theology. Latitudinarian sentiments upon religious subjects. Allibone. 3. Lax in moral or religious principles.\n\n1. One who is moderate in his notions, or not restrained by precise settled limits in opinion; one who indulges freedom in thinking. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) A member of the Church of England, in the time of Charles II., who adopted more liberal notions in respect to the authority, government, and doctrines of the church than generally prevailed. They were called \"men of latitude;\" and upon this, men of narrow thoughts fastened upon them the name of latitudinarians. Bp. Burnet. 3. (Theol.) One who departs in opinion from the strict principles of orthodoxy.", "latitudinarians": "1. Not restrained; not confined by precise limits. 2. Indifferent to a strict application of any standard of belief or opinion; hence, deviating more or less widely from such standard; lax in doctrine; as, latitudinarian divines; latitudinarian theology. Latitudinarian sentiments upon religious subjects. Allibone. 3. Lax in moral or religious principles.\n\n1. One who is moderate in his notions, or not restrained by precise settled limits in opinion; one who indulges freedom in thinking. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) A member of the Church of England, in the time of Charles II., who adopted more liberal notions in respect to the authority, government, and doctrines of the church than generally prevailed. They were called \"men of latitude;\" and upon this, men of narrow thoughts fastened upon them the name of latitudinarians. Bp. Burnet. 3. (Theol.) One who departs in opinion from the strict principles of orthodoxy.", - "latonya": null, - "latoya": null, "latrine": "A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc.", "latrines": "A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc.", - "latrobe": null, "lats": "To let; to allow. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "latte": null, "latter": "1. Later; more recent; coming or happening after something else; -- opposed to former; as, the former and latter rain. 2. Of two things, the one mentioned second. The difference between reason and revelation, and in what sense the latter is superior. I. Watts. 3. Recent; modern. Hath not navigation discovered in these latter ages, whole nations at the bay of Soldania Locke. 4. Last; latest; final. [R.] \"My latter gasp.\" Shak. Latter harvest, the last part of the harvest. -- Latter spring, the last part of the spring of the year. Shak.", @@ -43277,19 +38101,14 @@ "lattices": "1. Any work of wood or metal, made by crossing laths, or thin strips, and forming a network; as, the lattice of a window; -- called also latticework. The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice. Judg. v. 28. 2. (Her.) The representation of a piece of latticework used as a bearing, the bands being vertical and horizontal. Lattice bridge, a bridge supported by lattice girders, or latticework trusses. -- Lattice girder (Arch.), a girder of which the wed consists of diagonal pieces crossing each other in the manner of latticework. -- Lattice plant (Bot.), an aquatic plant of Madagascar (Ouvirandra fenestralis), whose leaves have interstices between their ribs and cross veins, so as to resemble latticework. A second species is O. Berneriana. The genus is merged in Aponogeton by recent authors.\n\n1. To make a lattice of; as, to lattice timbers. 2. To close, as an opening, with latticework; to furnish with a lattice; as, to lattice a window. To lattice up, to cover or inclose with a lattice. Therein it seemeth he [Alexander] hath latticed up Cæsar. Sir T. North.", "latticework": "Same as Lattice, n., 1.", "latticeworks": "Same as Lattice, n., 1.", - "latvia": null, - "latvian": null, - "latvians": null, "laud": "1. High commendation; praise; honor; exaltation; glory. \"Laud be to God.\" Shak. So do well and thou shalt have laud of the same. Tyndals. 2. A part of divine worship, consisting chiefly of praise; -- usually in the pl. Note: In the Roman Catholic Church, the prayers used at daybreak, between those of matins and prime, are called lauds. 3. Music or singing in honor of any one.\n\nTo praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to celebrate; to extol. With all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious name. Book of Common Prayer.", "laudable": "1. Worthy of being lauded; praiseworthy; commendable; as, laudable motives; laudable actions; laudable ambition. 2. (Med.) Healthy; salubrious; normal; having a disposition to promote healing; not noxious; as, laudable juices of the body; laudable pus. Arbuthnot.", "laudably": "In a laudable manner.", "laudanum": "Tincture of opium, used for various medical purposes. Note: A fluid ounce of American laudanum should contain the soluble matter of one tenth of an ounce avoirdupois of powdered opium with equal parts of alcohol and water. English laudanum should have ten grains less of opium in the fluid ounce. U. S. Disp. Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.) See under Dutchman.", "laudatory": "Of or pertaining praise, or to the expression of praise; as, laudatory verses; the laudatory powers of Dryden. Sir J. Stephen.", "lauded": null, - "lauder": "One who lauds.", "lauding": null, "lauds": "1. High commendation; praise; honor; exaltation; glory. \"Laud be to God.\" Shak. So do well and thou shalt have laud of the same. Tyndals. 2. A part of divine worship, consisting chiefly of praise; -- usually in the pl. Note: In the Roman Catholic Church, the prayers used at daybreak, between those of matins and prime, are called lauds. 3. Music or singing in honor of any one.\n\nTo praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to celebrate; to extol. With all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious name. Book of Common Prayer.", - "laue": null, "laugh": "1. To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter. Queen Hecuba laughed that her eyes ran o'er. Shak. He laugheth that winneth. Heywood's Prov. 2. Fig.: To be or appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, mirthful, lively, or brilliant; to sparkle; to sport. Then laughs the childish year, with flowerets crowned. Dryden. In Folly's cup still laughs the bubble Joy. Pope. To laugh at, to make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun of; to deride. No wit to flatter left of all his store, No fool to laugh at, which he valued more. Pope. -- To laugh in the sleeve, to laugh secretly, or so as not to be observed, especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious demeanor toward the person or persons laughed at. -- To laugh out, to laugh in spite of some restraining influence; to laugh aloud. -- To laugh out of the other corner (or side) of the mouth, to weep or cry; to feel regret, vexation, or disappointment after hilarity or exaltation. [Slang]\n\n1. To affect or influence by means of laughter or ridicule. Will you laugh me asleep, for I am very heavy Shak. I shall laugh myself to death. Shak. 2. To express by, or utter with, laughter; -- with out. From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause. Shak. To laugh away. (a) To drive away by laughter; as, to laugh away regret. (b) To waste in hilarity. \"Pompey doth this day laugh away his fortune.\" Shak. -- To laugh down. (a) To cause to cease or desist by laughter; as, to laugh down a speaker. (b) To cause to be given up on account of ridicule; as, to laugh down a reform. -- To laugh one out of, to cause one by laughter or ridicule to abandon or give up; as, to laugh one out of a plan or purpose. -- To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat with mockery, contempt, and scorn; to despise.\n\nAn expression of mirth peculiar to the human species; the sound heard in laughing; laughter. See Laugh, v. i. And the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind. Goldsmith. That man is a bad man who has not within him the power of a hearty laugh. F. W. Robertson.", "laughable": "Fitted to excite laughter; as, a laughable story; a laughable scene. Syn. -- Droll; ludicrous; mirthful; comical. See Droll, and Ludicrous. -- Laugh\"a*ble*ness, n. -- Laugh\"a*bly, adv.", "laughably": null, @@ -43326,22 +38145,14 @@ "laundrymen": null, "laundrywoman": null, "laundrywomen": null, - "laura": "A number of hermitages or cells in the same neighborhood occupied by anchorites who were under the same superior. C. Kingsley.", - "laurasia": null, "laureate": "Crowned, or decked, with laurel. Chaucer. To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies. Milton. Soft on her lap her laureate son reclines. Pope. Poet laureate. (b) One who received an honorable degree in grammar, including poetry and rhetoric, at the English universities; -- so called as being presented with a wreath of laurel. [Obs.] (b) Formerly, an officer of the king's household, whose business was to compose an ode annually for the king's birthday, and other suitable occasions; now, a poet officially distinguished by such honorary title, the office being a sinecure. It is said this title was first given in the time of Edward IV. [Eng.]\n\nOne crowned with laurel; a poet laureate. \"A learned laureate.\" Cleveland.\n\nTo honor with a wreath of laurel, as formerly was done in bestowing a degree at the English universities.", "laureates": "Crowned, or decked, with laurel. Chaucer. To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies. Milton. Soft on her lap her laureate son reclines. Pope. Poet laureate. (b) One who received an honorable degree in grammar, including poetry and rhetoric, at the English universities; -- so called as being presented with a wreath of laurel. [Obs.] (b) Formerly, an officer of the king's household, whose business was to compose an ode annually for the king's birthday, and other suitable occasions; now, a poet officially distinguished by such honorary title, the office being a sinecure. It is said this title was first given in the time of Edward IV. [Eng.]\n\nOne crowned with laurel; a poet laureate. \"A learned laureate.\" Cleveland.\n\nTo honor with a wreath of laurel, as formerly was done in bestowing a degree at the English universities.", "laureateship": "State, or office, of a laureate.", "laurel": "1. (Bot.) An evergreen shrub, of the genus Laurus (L. nobilis), having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils; -- called also sweet bay. Note: The fruit is a purple berry. It is found about the Mediterranean, and was early used by the ancient Greeks to crown the victor in the games of Apollo. At a later period, academic honors were indicated by a crown of laurel, with the fruit. The leaves and tree yield an aromatic oil, used to flavor the bay water of commerce. Note: The name is extended to other plants which in some respect resemble the true laurel. See Phrases, below. 2. A crown of laurel; hence, honor; distinction; fame; -- especially in the plural; as, to win laurels. 3. An English gold coin made in 1619, and so called because the king's head on it was crowned with laurel. Laurel water, water distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel, and containing prussic acid and other products carried over in the process. American laurel, or Mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia. See under Mountain. -- California laurel, Umbellularia Californica. -- Cherry laurel (in England called laurel). See under Cherry. -- Great laurel, the rosebay (Rhododendron maximum). -- Ground laurel, trailing arbutus. -- New Zealand laurel, Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ. -- Portugal laurel, the Prunus Lusitanica. -- Rose laurel, the oleander. See Oleander. -- Sheep laurel, a poisonous shrub, Kalmia angustifolia, smaller than the mountain laurel, and with smaller and redder flowers. -- Spurge laurel, Daphne Laureola. -- West Indian laurel, Prunus occidentalis.", "laurels": "1. (Bot.) An evergreen shrub, of the genus Laurus (L. nobilis), having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils; -- called also sweet bay. Note: The fruit is a purple berry. It is found about the Mediterranean, and was early used by the ancient Greeks to crown the victor in the games of Apollo. At a later period, academic honors were indicated by a crown of laurel, with the fruit. The leaves and tree yield an aromatic oil, used to flavor the bay water of commerce. Note: The name is extended to other plants which in some respect resemble the true laurel. See Phrases, below. 2. A crown of laurel; hence, honor; distinction; fame; -- especially in the plural; as, to win laurels. 3. An English gold coin made in 1619, and so called because the king's head on it was crowned with laurel. Laurel water, water distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel, and containing prussic acid and other products carried over in the process. American laurel, or Mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia. See under Mountain. -- California laurel, Umbellularia Californica. -- Cherry laurel (in England called laurel). See under Cherry. -- Great laurel, the rosebay (Rhododendron maximum). -- Ground laurel, trailing arbutus. -- New Zealand laurel, Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ. -- Portugal laurel, the Prunus Lusitanica. -- Rose laurel, the oleander. See Oleander. -- Sheep laurel, a poisonous shrub, Kalmia angustifolia, smaller than the mountain laurel, and with smaller and redder flowers. -- Spurge laurel, Daphne Laureola. -- West Indian laurel, Prunus occidentalis.", - "lauren": null, - "laurence": null, - "laurent": null, - "lauri": null, - "laurie": null, "lav": null, "lava": "The melted rock ejected by a volcano from its top or fissured sides. It flows out in streams sometimes miles in length. It also issues from fissures in the earth's surface, and forms beds covering many square miles, as in the Northwestern United States. Note: Lavas are classed, according to their structure, as scoriaceous or cellular, glassy, stony, etc., and according to the material of which they consist, as doleritic, trachytic, etc. Lava millstone, a hard and coarse basaltic millstone from the neighborhood of the Rhine. -- Lava ware, a kind of cheap pottery made of iron slag cast into tiles, urns, table tops, etc., resembling lava in appearance.", "lavage": null, - "laval": null, "lavaliere": null, "lavalieres": null, "lavatorial": null, @@ -43351,8 +38162,6 @@ "laved": null, "lavender": "1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus Lavandula (L. vera), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The Spike lavender (L. Spica) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts. 2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac. Lavender cotton (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub (Santolina Chamæcyparissus) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called ground cypress. -- Lavender water, a perfume composed of alcohol, essential oil of lavender, essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris. -- Sea lavender. (Bot.) See Marsh rosemary. -- To lay in lavender. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.]", "lavenders": "1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus Lavandula (L. vera), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The Spike lavender (L. Spica) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts. 2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac. Lavender cotton (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub (Santolina Chamæcyparissus) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called ground cypress. -- Lavender water, a perfume composed of alcohol, essential oil of lavender, essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris. -- Sea lavender. (Bot.) See Marsh rosemary. -- To lay in lavender. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.]", - "lavern": null, - "laverne": null, "laves": "To wash; to bathe; as, to lave a bruise. His feet the foremost breakers lave. Byron.\n\nTo bathe; to wash one's self. In her chaste current oft the goddess laves. Pope.\n\nTo lade, dip, or pour out. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\nThe remainder; others. [Scot.] Bp. Hall.", "laving": null, "lavish": "1. Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal; as, lavish of money; lavish of praise. 2. Superabundant; excessive; as, lavish spirits. Let her have needful, but not lavish, means. Shak. Syn. -- Profuse; prodigal; wasteful; extravagant; exuberant; immoderate. See Profuse.\n\nTo expend or bestow with profusion; to use with prodigality; to squander; as, to lavish money or praise.", @@ -43363,11 +38172,8 @@ "lavishing": null, "lavishly": "In a lavish manner.", "lavishness": "The quality or state of being lavish.", - "lavoisier": null, - "lavonne": null, "lavs": null, "law": "1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts. Note: A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it. These are the statutes and judgments and law, which the Lord made. Lev. xxvi. 46. The law of thy God, and the law of the King. Ezra vii. 26. As if they would confine the Interminable . . . Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton. His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. Cowper. 2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature. 3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament. What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. Rom. iii. 19, 21. 4. In human government: (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community. (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority. 5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation. 6. In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence. 7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist. 8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law. 9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice. Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason. Coke. Law is beneficence acting by rule. Burke. And sovereign Law, that state's collected will O'er thrones and globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law. When every case in law is right. Shak. He found law dear and left it cheap. Brougham. 11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See Wager of law, under Wager. Avogadro's law (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called Ampère's law. -- Bode's law (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: -- Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ---4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line. -- Boyle's law (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as Mariotte's law, and the law of Boyle and Mariotte. -- Brehon laws. See under Brehon. -- Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. Wharton. -- Civil law, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. Wharton. -- Commercial law. See Law merchant (below). -- Common law. See under Common. -- Criminal law, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes. -- Ecclesiastical law. See under Ecclesiastical. -- Grimm's law (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bhatr, L. frater, E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dha to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. -- Kepler's laws (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances. -- Law binding, a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also law calf. -- Law book, a book containing, or treating of, laws. -- Law calf. See Law binding (above). -- Law day. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet. (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given. [U. S.] -- Law French, the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III. -- Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms. -- Law Latin. See under Latin. -- Law lords, peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession. -- Law merchant, or Commercial law, a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures. -- Law of Charles (Physics), the law that the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled Gay Lussac's law, or Dalton's law. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International. -- Law of nature. (a) A broad generalization expressive of the constant action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death is a law of nature; self-defense is a law of nature. See Law, 4. (b) A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality deducible from a study of the nature and natural relations of human beings independent of supernatural revelation or of municipal and social usages. -- Law of the land, due process of law; the general law of the land. -- Laws of honor. See under Honor. -- Laws of motion (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as it is made to change that state by external force. (2) Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force, and takes place in the direction in which the force is impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions. -- Marine law, or Maritime law, the law of the sea; a branch of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea, such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like. Bouvier. -- Mariotte's law. See Boyle's law (above). -- Martial law.See under Martial. -- Military law, a branch of the general municipal law, consisting of rules ordained for the government of the military force of a state in peace and war, and administered in courts martial. Kent. Warren's Blackstone. -- Moral law,the law of duty as regards what is right and wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten commandments given by Moses. See Law, 2. -- Mosaic, or Ceremonial, law. (Script.) See Law, 3. -- Municipal, or Positive, law, a rule prescribed by the supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from international and constitutional law. See Law, 1. -- Periodic law. (Chem.) See under Periodic. -- Roman law, the system of principles and laws found in the codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws of the several European countries and colonies founded by them. See Civil law (above). -- Statute law, the law as stated in statutes or positive enactments of the legislative body. -- Sumptuary law. See under Sumptuary. -- To go to law, to seek a settlement of any matter by bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute some one. -- To take, or have, the law of, to bring the law to bear upon; as, to take the law of one's neighbor. Addison. -- Wager of law. See under Wager. Syn. -- Justice; equity. -- Law, Statute, Common law, Regulation, Edict, Decree. Law is generic, and, when used with reference to, or in connection with, the other words here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one who has a right to require obedience. A statute is a particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule of action founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of justice. A regulation is a limited and often, temporary law, intended to secure some particular end or object. An edict is a command or law issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A decree is a permanent order either of a court or of the executive government. See Justice.\n\nSame as Lawe, v. t. [Obs.]\n\nAn exclamation of mild surprise. [Archaic or Low]", - "lawanda": null, "lawbreaker": "One who disobeys the law; a criminal. -- Law\"break`ing, n. & a.", "lawbreakers": "One who disobeys the law; a criminal. -- Law\"break`ing, n. & a.", "lawbreaking": null, @@ -43388,13 +38194,10 @@ "lawnmower": null, "lawnmowers": null, "lawns": "1. An open space between woods. Milton. \"Orchard lawns and bowery hollows.\" Tennyson. 2. Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown. Lawn mower, a machine for clipping the short grass of lawns. -- Lawn tennis, a variety of the game of tennis, played in the open air, sometimes upon a lawn, instead of in a tennis court. See Tennis.\n\nA very fine linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric with a rather open texture. Lawn is used for the sleeves of a bishop's official dress in the English Church, and, figuratively, stands for the office itself. A saint in crape is twice in lawn. Pope.", - "lawrence": null, "lawrencium": null, "laws": "1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts. Note: A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it. These are the statutes and judgments and law, which the Lord made. Lev. xxvi. 46. The law of thy God, and the law of the King. Ezra vii. 26. As if they would confine the Interminable . . . Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton. His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. Cowper. 2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature. 3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament. What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. Rom. iii. 19, 21. 4. In human government: (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community. (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority. 5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation. 6. In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence. 7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist. 8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law. 9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice. Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason. Coke. Law is beneficence acting by rule. Burke. And sovereign Law, that state's collected will O'er thrones and globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law. When every case in law is right. Shak. He found law dear and left it cheap. Brougham. 11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See Wager of law, under Wager. Avogadro's law (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called Ampère's law. -- Bode's law (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: -- Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ---4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line. -- Boyle's law (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as Mariotte's law, and the law of Boyle and Mariotte. -- Brehon laws. See under Brehon. -- Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. Wharton. -- Civil law, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. Wharton. -- Commercial law. See Law merchant (below). -- Common law. See under Common. -- Criminal law, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes. -- Ecclesiastical law. See under Ecclesiastical. -- Grimm's law (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bhatr, L. frater, E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dha to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. -- Kepler's laws (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances. -- Law binding, a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also law calf. -- Law book, a book containing, or treating of, laws. -- Law calf. See Law binding (above). -- Law day. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet. (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given. [U. S.] -- Law French, the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III. -- Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms. -- Law Latin. See under Latin. -- Law lords, peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession. -- Law merchant, or Commercial law, a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures. -- Law of Charles (Physics), the law that the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled Gay Lussac's law, or Dalton's law. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International. -- Law of nature. (a) A broad generalization expressive of the constant action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death is a law of nature; self-defense is a law of nature. See Law, 4. (b) A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality deducible from a study of the nature and natural relations of human beings independent of supernatural revelation or of municipal and social usages. -- Law of the land, due process of law; the general law of the land. -- Laws of honor. See under Honor. -- Laws of motion (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as it is made to change that state by external force. (2) Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force, and takes place in the direction in which the force is impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions. -- Marine law, or Maritime law, the law of the sea; a branch of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea, such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like. Bouvier. -- Mariotte's law. See Boyle's law (above). -- Martial law.See under Martial. -- Military law, a branch of the general municipal law, consisting of rules ordained for the government of the military force of a state in peace and war, and administered in courts martial. Kent. Warren's Blackstone. -- Moral law,the law of duty as regards what is right and wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten commandments given by Moses. See Law, 2. -- Mosaic, or Ceremonial, law. (Script.) See Law, 3. -- Municipal, or Positive, law, a rule prescribed by the supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from international and constitutional law. See Law, 1. -- Periodic law. (Chem.) See under Periodic. -- Roman law, the system of principles and laws found in the codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws of the several European countries and colonies founded by them. See Civil law (above). -- Statute law, the law as stated in statutes or positive enactments of the legislative body. -- Sumptuary law. See under Sumptuary. -- To go to law, to seek a settlement of any matter by bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute some one. -- To take, or have, the law of, to bring the law to bear upon; as, to take the law of one's neighbor. Addison. -- Wager of law. See under Wager. Syn. -- Justice; equity. -- Law, Statute, Common law, Regulation, Edict, Decree. Law is generic, and, when used with reference to, or in connection with, the other words here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one who has a right to require obedience. A statute is a particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule of action founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of justice. A regulation is a limited and often, temporary law, intended to secure some particular end or object. An edict is a command or law issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A decree is a permanent order either of a court or of the executive government. See Justice.\n\nSame as Lawe, v. t. [Obs.]\n\nAn exclamation of mild surprise. [Archaic or Low]", - "lawson": null, "lawsuit": "An action at law; a suit in equity or admiralty; any legal proceeding before a court for the enforcement of a claim.", "lawsuits": "An action at law; a suit in equity or admiralty; any legal proceeding before a court for the enforcement of a claim.", - "lawton": null, "lawyer": "1. One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-necked stilt. See Stilt. (b) The bowfin (Amia calva). (c) The burbot (Lota maculosa).", "lawyers": "1. One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-necked stilt. See Stilt. (b) The bowfin (Amia calva). (c) The burbot (Lota maculosa).", "lax": "1. Not tense, firm, or rigid; loose; slack; as, a lax bandage; lax fiber. The flesh of that sort of fish being lax and spongy. Ray. 2. Not strict or stringent; not exact; loose; weak; vague; equivocal. The discipline was lax. Macaulay. Society at that epoch was lenient, if not lax, in matters of the passions. J. A. Symonds. The word \"æternus\" itself is sometimes of a lax signification. Jortin. 3. Having a looseness of the bowels; diarrheal. Syn. -- Loose; slack; vague; unconfined; unrestrained; dissolute; licentious.\n\nA looseness; diarrhea.", @@ -43408,7 +38211,6 @@ "lay": "of Lie, to recline.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; as, a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother. 2. Not educated or cultivated; ignorant.[Obs.] 3. Not belonging to, or emanating from, a particular profession; unprofessional; as, a lay opinion regarding the nature of a disease. Lay baptism (Eccl.), baptism administered by a lay person. F. G. Lee. -- Lay brother (R. C. Ch.), one received into a convent of monks under the three vows, but not in holy orders. -- Lay clerk (Eccl.), a layman who leads the responses of the congregation, etc., in the church service. Hook. -- Lay days (Com.), time allowed in a charter party for taking in and discharging cargo. McElrath. -- Lay elder. See 2d Elder, 3, note.\n\nThe laity; the common people. [Obs.] The learned have no more privilege than the lay. B. Jonson.\n\nA meadow. See Lea. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\n1. Faith; creed; religious profession. [Obs.] Of the sect to which that he was born He kept his lay, to which that he was sworn. Chaucer. 2. A law. [Obs.] \"Many goodly lays.\" Spenser. 3. An obligation; a vow. [Obs.] They bound themselves by a sacred lay and oath. Holland.\n\n1. A song; a simple lyrical poem; a ballad. Spenser. Sir W. Scott. 2. A melody; any musical utterance. The throstle cock made eke his lay. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cause to lie down, to be prostrate, or to lie against something; to put or set down; to deposit; as, to lay a book on the table; to lay a body in the grave; a shower lays the dust. A stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den. Dan. vi. 17. Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid. Milton. 2. To place in position; to establish firmly; to arrange with regularity; to dispose in ranks or tiers; as, to lay a corner stone; to lay bricks in a wall; to lay the covers on a table. 3. To prepare; to make ready; to contrive; to provide; as, to lay a snare, an ambush, or a plan. 4. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plaster or paint. 5. To cause to be still; to calm; to allay; to suppress; to exorcise, as an evil spirit. After a tempest when the winds are laid. Waller. 6. To cause to lie dead or dying. Brave Cæneus laid Ortygius on the plain, The victor Cæneus was by Turnus slain. Dryden. 7. To deposit, as a wager; to stake; to risk. I dare lay mine honor He will remain so. Shak. 8. To bring forth and deposit; as, to lay eggs. 9. To apply; to put. She layeth her hands to the spindle. Prov. xxxi. 19. 10. To impose, as a burden, suffering, or punishment; to assess, as a tax; as, to lay a tax on land. The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. Is. Iiii. 6. 11. To impute; to charge; to allege. God layeth not folly to them. Job xxiv. 12. Lay the fault on us. Shak. 12. To impose, as a command or a duty; as, to lay commands on one. 13. To present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county; to lay a scheme before one. 14. (Law) To state; to allege; as, to lay the venue. Bouvier. 15. (Mil.) To point; to aim; as, to lay a gun. 16. (Rope Making) To put the strands of (a rope, a cable, etc.) in their proper places and twist or unite them; as, to lay a cable or rope. 17. (Print.) (a) To place and arrange (pages) for a form upon the imposing stone. (b) To place (new type) properly in the cases. To lay asleep, to put sleep; to make unobservant or careless. Bacon. -- To lay bare, to make bare; to strip. And laid those proud roofs bare to summer's rain. Byron. -- To lay before, to present to; to submit for consideration; as, the papers are laid before Congress. -- To lay by. (a) To save. (b) To discard. Let brave spirits . . . not be laid by. Bacon. -- To lay by the heels, to put in the stocks. Shak. -- To lay down. (a) To stake as a wager. (b) To yield; to relinquish; to surrender; as, to lay down one's life; to lay down one's arms. (c) To assert or advance, as a proposition or principle. -- To lay forth. (a) To extend at length; (reflexively) to exert one's self; to expatiate. [Obs.] (b) To lay out (as a corpse). [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize. -- To lay hands on one's self, or To lay violent hands on one's self, to injure one's self; specif., to commit suicide. -- To lay heads together, to consult. -- To lay hold of, or To lay hold on, to seize; to catch. -- To lay in, to store; to provide. -- To lay it on, to apply without stint. Shak. -- To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; as, to lay on blows. -- To lay on load, to lay on blows; to strike violently. [Obs. or Archaic] -- To lay one's self out, to strive earnestly. No selfish man will be concerned to lay out himself for the good of his country. Smalridge. -- To lay one's self open to, to expose one's self to, as to an accusation. -- To lay open, to open; to uncover; to expose; to reveal. -- To lay over, to spread over; to cover. -- To lay out. (a) To expend. Macaulay. (b) To display; to discover. (c) To plan in detail; to arrange; as, to lay out a garden. (d) To prepare for burial; as, to lay out a corpse. (e) To exert; as, to lay out all one's strength. -- To lay siege to. (a) To besiege; to encompass with an army. (b) To beset pertinaciously. -- To lay the course (Naut.), to sail toward the port intended without jibing. -- To lay the land (Naut.), to cause it to disappear below the horizon, by sailing away from it. -- To lay to (a) To charge upon; to impute. (b) To apply with vigor. (c) To attack or harass. [Obs.] Knolles. (d) (Naut.) To check the motion of (a vessel) and cause it to be stationary. -- To lay to heart, to feel deeply; to consider earnestly. -- To lay under, to subject to; as, to lay under obligation or restraint. -- To lay unto. (a) Same as To lay to (above). (b) To put before. Hos. xi. 4. -- To lay up. (a) To store; to reposit for future use. (b) To confine; to disable. (c) To dismantle, and retire from active service, as a ship. -- To lay wait for, to lie in ambush for. -- To lay waste, to destroy; to make desolate; as, to lay waste the land. Syn. -- See Put, v. t., and the Note under 4th Lie.\n\n1. To produce and deposit eggs. 2. (Naut.) To take a position; to come or go; as, to lay forward; to lay aloft. 3. To lay a wager; to bet. To lay about, or To lay about one, to strike vigorously in all directions. J. H. Newman. -- To lay at, to strike or strike at. Spenser. -- To lay for, to prepare to capture or assault; to lay wait for. [Colloq.] Bp Hall. -- To lay in for, to make overtures for; to engage or secure the possession of. [Obs.] \"I have laid in for these.\" Dryden. -- To lay on, to strike; to beat; to attack. Shak. -- To lay out, to purpose; to plan; as, he lays out to make a journey.\n\n1. That which lies or is laid or is conceived of as having been laid or placed in its position; a row; a stratum; a layer; as, a lay of stone or wood. Addison. A viol should have a lay of wire strings below. Bacon. Note: The lay of a rope is right-handed or left-handed according to the hemp or strands are laid up. See Lay, v. t., 16. The lay of land is its topographical situation, esp. its slope and its surface features. 2. A wager. \"My fortunes against any lay worth naming.\" 3. (a) A job, price, or profit. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. (b) A share of the proceeds or profits of an enterprise; as, when a man ships for a whaling voyage, he agrees for a certain lay. [U. S.] 4. (Textile Manuf.) (a) A measure of yarn; a les. See 1st Lea (a). (b) The lathe of a loom. See Lathe, 8. 5. A plan; a scheme. [Slang] Dickens. Lay figure. (a) A jointed model of the human body that may be put in any attitude; -- used for showing the disposition of drapery, etc. (b) A mere puppet; one who serves the will of others without independent volition. -- Lay race, that part of a lay on which the shuttle travels in weaving; -- called also shuttle race.", "layabout": null, "layabouts": null, - "layamon": null, "layaway": null, "layer": "1. One who, or that which, lays. 2. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of lair.] That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion. 3. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation. 4. An artificial oyster bed.", "layered": null, @@ -43417,7 +38219,6 @@ "layette": "The outfit of clothing, blankets, etc., prepared for a newborn infant, and placed ready for used.", "layettes": "The outfit of clothing, blankets, etc., prepared for a newborn infant, and placed ready for used.", "laying": "1. The act of one who, or that which, lays. 2. The act or period of laying eggs; the eggs laid for one incubation; a clutch. 3. The first coat on laths of plasterer's two-coat work.", - "layla": null, "layman": "1. One of the people, in distinction from the clergy; one of the laity; sometimes, a man not belonging to some particular profession, in distinction from those who do. Being a layman, I ought not to have concerned myself with speculations which belong to the profession. Dryden. 2. A lay figure. See under Lay, n. (above). Dryden", "laymen": null, "layoff": null, @@ -43430,13 +38231,10 @@ "layperson": null, "laypersons": null, "lays": "of Lie, to recline.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; as, a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother. 2. Not educated or cultivated; ignorant.[Obs.] 3. Not belonging to, or emanating from, a particular profession; unprofessional; as, a lay opinion regarding the nature of a disease. Lay baptism (Eccl.), baptism administered by a lay person. F. G. Lee. -- Lay brother (R. C. Ch.), one received into a convent of monks under the three vows, but not in holy orders. -- Lay clerk (Eccl.), a layman who leads the responses of the congregation, etc., in the church service. Hook. -- Lay days (Com.), time allowed in a charter party for taking in and discharging cargo. McElrath. -- Lay elder. See 2d Elder, 3, note.\n\nThe laity; the common people. [Obs.] The learned have no more privilege than the lay. B. Jonson.\n\nA meadow. See Lea. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\n1. Faith; creed; religious profession. [Obs.] Of the sect to which that he was born He kept his lay, to which that he was sworn. Chaucer. 2. A law. [Obs.] \"Many goodly lays.\" Spenser. 3. An obligation; a vow. [Obs.] They bound themselves by a sacred lay and oath. Holland.\n\n1. A song; a simple lyrical poem; a ballad. Spenser. Sir W. Scott. 2. A melody; any musical utterance. The throstle cock made eke his lay. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cause to lie down, to be prostrate, or to lie against something; to put or set down; to deposit; as, to lay a book on the table; to lay a body in the grave; a shower lays the dust. A stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den. Dan. vi. 17. Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid. Milton. 2. To place in position; to establish firmly; to arrange with regularity; to dispose in ranks or tiers; as, to lay a corner stone; to lay bricks in a wall; to lay the covers on a table. 3. To prepare; to make ready; to contrive; to provide; as, to lay a snare, an ambush, or a plan. 4. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plaster or paint. 5. To cause to be still; to calm; to allay; to suppress; to exorcise, as an evil spirit. After a tempest when the winds are laid. Waller. 6. To cause to lie dead or dying. Brave Cæneus laid Ortygius on the plain, The victor Cæneus was by Turnus slain. Dryden. 7. To deposit, as a wager; to stake; to risk. I dare lay mine honor He will remain so. Shak. 8. To bring forth and deposit; as, to lay eggs. 9. To apply; to put. She layeth her hands to the spindle. Prov. xxxi. 19. 10. To impose, as a burden, suffering, or punishment; to assess, as a tax; as, to lay a tax on land. The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. Is. Iiii. 6. 11. To impute; to charge; to allege. God layeth not folly to them. Job xxiv. 12. Lay the fault on us. Shak. 12. To impose, as a command or a duty; as, to lay commands on one. 13. To present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county; to lay a scheme before one. 14. (Law) To state; to allege; as, to lay the venue. Bouvier. 15. (Mil.) To point; to aim; as, to lay a gun. 16. (Rope Making) To put the strands of (a rope, a cable, etc.) in their proper places and twist or unite them; as, to lay a cable or rope. 17. (Print.) (a) To place and arrange (pages) for a form upon the imposing stone. (b) To place (new type) properly in the cases. To lay asleep, to put sleep; to make unobservant or careless. Bacon. -- To lay bare, to make bare; to strip. And laid those proud roofs bare to summer's rain. Byron. -- To lay before, to present to; to submit for consideration; as, the papers are laid before Congress. -- To lay by. (a) To save. (b) To discard. Let brave spirits . . . not be laid by. Bacon. -- To lay by the heels, to put in the stocks. Shak. -- To lay down. (a) To stake as a wager. (b) To yield; to relinquish; to surrender; as, to lay down one's life; to lay down one's arms. (c) To assert or advance, as a proposition or principle. -- To lay forth. (a) To extend at length; (reflexively) to exert one's self; to expatiate. [Obs.] (b) To lay out (as a corpse). [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize. -- To lay hands on one's self, or To lay violent hands on one's self, to injure one's self; specif., to commit suicide. -- To lay heads together, to consult. -- To lay hold of, or To lay hold on, to seize; to catch. -- To lay in, to store; to provide. -- To lay it on, to apply without stint. Shak. -- To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; as, to lay on blows. -- To lay on load, to lay on blows; to strike violently. [Obs. or Archaic] -- To lay one's self out, to strive earnestly. No selfish man will be concerned to lay out himself for the good of his country. Smalridge. -- To lay one's self open to, to expose one's self to, as to an accusation. -- To lay open, to open; to uncover; to expose; to reveal. -- To lay over, to spread over; to cover. -- To lay out. (a) To expend. Macaulay. (b) To display; to discover. (c) To plan in detail; to arrange; as, to lay out a garden. (d) To prepare for burial; as, to lay out a corpse. (e) To exert; as, to lay out all one's strength. -- To lay siege to. (a) To besiege; to encompass with an army. (b) To beset pertinaciously. -- To lay the course (Naut.), to sail toward the port intended without jibing. -- To lay the land (Naut.), to cause it to disappear below the horizon, by sailing away from it. -- To lay to (a) To charge upon; to impute. (b) To apply with vigor. (c) To attack or harass. [Obs.] Knolles. (d) (Naut.) To check the motion of (a vessel) and cause it to be stationary. -- To lay to heart, to feel deeply; to consider earnestly. -- To lay under, to subject to; as, to lay under obligation or restraint. -- To lay unto. (a) Same as To lay to (above). (b) To put before. Hos. xi. 4. -- To lay up. (a) To store; to reposit for future use. (b) To confine; to disable. (c) To dismantle, and retire from active service, as a ship. -- To lay wait for, to lie in ambush for. -- To lay waste, to destroy; to make desolate; as, to lay waste the land. Syn. -- See Put, v. t., and the Note under 4th Lie.\n\n1. To produce and deposit eggs. 2. (Naut.) To take a position; to come or go; as, to lay forward; to lay aloft. 3. To lay a wager; to bet. To lay about, or To lay about one, to strike vigorously in all directions. J. H. Newman. -- To lay at, to strike or strike at. Spenser. -- To lay for, to prepare to capture or assault; to lay wait for. [Colloq.] Bp Hall. -- To lay in for, to make overtures for; to engage or secure the possession of. [Obs.] \"I have laid in for these.\" Dryden. -- To lay on, to strike; to beat; to attack. Shak. -- To lay out, to purpose; to plan; as, he lays out to make a journey.\n\n1. That which lies or is laid or is conceived of as having been laid or placed in its position; a row; a stratum; a layer; as, a lay of stone or wood. Addison. A viol should have a lay of wire strings below. Bacon. Note: The lay of a rope is right-handed or left-handed according to the hemp or strands are laid up. See Lay, v. t., 16. The lay of land is its topographical situation, esp. its slope and its surface features. 2. A wager. \"My fortunes against any lay worth naming.\" 3. (a) A job, price, or profit. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. (b) A share of the proceeds or profits of an enterprise; as, when a man ships for a whaling voyage, he agrees for a certain lay. [U. S.] 4. (Textile Manuf.) (a) A measure of yarn; a les. See 1st Lea (a). (b) The lathe of a loom. See Lathe, 8. 5. A plan; a scheme. [Slang] Dickens. Lay figure. (a) A jointed model of the human body that may be put in any attitude; -- used for showing the disposition of drapery, etc. (b) A mere puppet; one who serves the will of others without independent volition. -- Lay race, that part of a lay on which the shuttle travels in weaving; -- called also shuttle race.", - "layton": null, "layup": null, "layups": null, "laywoman": null, "laywomen": null, - "lazaro": null, - "lazarus": null, "laze": "To be lazy or idle. [Colloq.] Middleton.\n\nTo waste in sloth; to spend, as time, in idleness; as, to laze away whole days. [Colloq.]", "lazed": null, "lazes": "To be lazy or idle. [Colloq.] Middleton.\n\nTo waste in sloth; to spend, as time, in idleness; as, to laze away whole days. [Colloq.]", @@ -43451,21 +38249,14 @@ "lazybones": "A lazy person. [Colloq.]", "lazying": null, "lb": null, - "lbj": null, "lbs": null, "lbw": null, - "lc": null, - "lcd": null, - "lcm": null, - "ldc": null, - "le": null, "lea": "(a) A measure of yarn; for linen, 300 yards; for cotton, 120 yards; a lay. (b) A set of warp threads carried by a loop of the heddle.\n\nA meadow or sward land; a grassy field. \"Plow-torn leas.\" Shak. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.", "leach": "See 3d Leech.\n\n1. A quantity of wood ashes, through which water passes, and thus imbibes the alkali. 2. A tub or vat for leaching ashes, bark, etc. Leach tub, a wooden tub in which ashes are leached.\n\n1. To remove the soluble constituents from by subjecting to the action of percolating water or other liquid; as, to leach ashes or coffee. 2. To dissolve out; -- often used with out; as, to leach out alkali from ashes.\n\nTo part with soluble constituents by percolation.\n\nSee Leech, a physician. [Obs.]", "leached": null, "leaches": null, "leaching": null, "lead": "1. (Chem.) One of the elements, a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished. It is both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity, and is used for tubes, sheets, bullets, etc. Its specific gravity is 11.37. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic weight, 206.4. Symbol Pb (L. Plumbum). It is chiefly obtained from the mineral galena, lead sulphide. 2. An article made of lead or an alloy of lead; as: (a) A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea. (b) (Print.) A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of type in printing. (c) Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs; hence, pl., a roof covered with lead sheets or terne plates. I would have the tower two stories, and goodly leads upon the top. Bacon 3. A small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils. Black lead, graphite or plumbago, ; -- so called from its leadlike appearance and streak. [Colloq.] -- Coasting lead, a sounding lead intermediate in weight between a hand lead and deep-sea lead. -- Deep-sea lead, the heaviest of sounding leads, used in water exceeding a hundred fathoms in depth. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Hand lead, a small lead use for sounding in shallow water. -- Krems lead, Kremnitz lead Etym: [so called from Krems or Kremnitz, in Austria], a pure variety of white lead, formed into tablets, and called also Krems, or Kremnitz, white, and Vienna white. -- Lead arming, tallow put in the hollow of a sounding lead. See To arm the lead (below). -- Lead colic. See under Colic. -- Lead color, a deep bluish gray color, like tarnished lead. -- Lead glance. (Min.) Same as Galena. -- Lead line (a) (Med.) A dark line along the gums produced by a deposit of metallic lead, due to lead poisoning. (b) (Naut.) A sounding line. -- Lead mill, a leaden polishing wheel, used by lapidaries. -- Lead ocher (Min.), a massive sulphur-yellow oxide of lead. Same as Massicot. -- Lead pencil, a pencil of which the marking material is graphite (black lead). -- Lead plant (Bot.), a low leguminous plant, genus Amorpha (A. canescens), found in the Northwestern United States, where its presence is supposed to indicate lead ore. Gray. -- Lead tree. (a) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the tropical, leguminous tree, Leucæna glauca; -- probably so called from the glaucous color of the foliage. (b) (Chem.) Lead crystallized in arborescent forms from a solution of some lead salt, as by suspending a strip of zinc in lead acetate. -- Mock lead, a miner's term for blende. -- Red lead, a scarlet, crystalline, granular powder, consisting of minium when pure, but commonly containing several of the oxides of lead. It is used as a paint or cement and also as an ingredient of flint glass. -- Red lead ore (Min.), crocoite. -- Sugar of lead, acetate of lead. -- To arm the lead, to fill the hollow in the bottom of a sounding lead with tallow in order to discover the nature of the bottom by the substances adhering. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- To cast, or heave, the lead, to cast the sounding lead for ascertaining the depth of water. -- White lead, hydrated carbonate of lead, obtained as a white, amorphous powder, and much used as an ingredient of white paint.\n\n1. To cover, fill, or affect with lead; as, continuous firing leads the grooves of a rifle. 2. (Print.) To place leads between the lines of; as, to lead a page; leaded matter.\n\n1. To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection; as, a father leads a child; a jockey leads a horse with a halter; a dog leads a blind man. If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch. Wyclif (Matt. xv. 14.) They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill. Luke iv. 29. In thy right hand lead with thee The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty. Milton. 2. To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, esp. by going with or going in advance of. Hence, figuratively: To direct; to counsel; to instruct; as, to lead a traveler; to lead a pupil. The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way. Ex. xiii. 21. He leadeth me beside the still waters. Ps. xxiii. 2. This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask. Content, though blind, had I no better guide. Milton. 3. To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; as, to lead an army, an exploring party, or a search; to lead a political party. Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or possess places. South. 4. To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among; as, the big sloop led the fleet of yachts; the Guards led the attack; Demosthenes leads the orators of all ages. As Hesperus, that leads the sun his way. Fairfax. And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. Leigh Hunt. 5. To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure; as, to lead one to espouse a righteous cause. He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than led by his own disposition, to any rigor of actions. Eikon Basilike. Silly women, laden with sins,led away by divers lusts. 2 Tim. iii. 6 (Rev. Ver.). 6. To guide or conduct one's self in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course). That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life. 1 Tim. ii. 2. Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse A life that leads melodious days. Tennyson. You remember . . . the life he used to lead his wife and daughter. Dickens. 7. (Cards & Dominoes) To begin a game, round, or trick, with; as, to lead trumps; the double five was led. To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way, or into error; to seduce from truth or rectitude. -- To lead captive, to carry or bring into captivity. -- To lead the way, to show the way by going in front; to act as guide. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or preëminence; to be first or chief; -- used in most of the senses of lead, v. t. 2. To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place; as, the path leads to the mill; gambling leads to other vices. The mountain foot that leads towards Mantua. Shak. To lead off or out, to go first; to begin.\n\n1. The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction; as, to take the lead; to be under the lead of another. At the time I speak of, and having a momentary lead, . . . I am sure I did my country important service. Burke. 2. precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; as, the white horse had the lead; a lead of a boat's length, or of half a second. 3. (Cards & Dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played; as, your partner has the lead. 4. An open way in an ice field. Kane. 5. (Mining) A lode. 6. (Naut.) The course of a rope from end to end. 7. (Steam Engine) The width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke. Note: When used alone it means outside lead, or lead for the admission of steam. Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust. 8. (Civil Engineering) the distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment. 9. (Horology) The action of a tooth, as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet. Saunier. Lead angle (Steam Engine), the angle which the crank maker with the line of centers, in approaching it, at the instant when the valve opens to admit steam. -- Lead screw (Mach.), the main longitudinal screw of a lathe, which gives the feed motion to the carriage.", - "leadbelly": null, "leaded": "1. Fitted with lead; set in lead; as, leaded windows. 2. (Print.) Separated by leads, as the lines of a page.", "leaden": "1. Made of lead; of the nature of lead; as, a leaden ball. 2. Like lead in color, etc. ; as, a leaden sky. 3. Heavy; dull; sluggish. \"Leaden slumber.\" Shak.", "leader": "1. One who, or that which, leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor. Especially: (a) One who goes first. (b) One having authority to direct; a chief; a commander. (c) (Mus.) A performer who leads a band or choir in music; also, in an orchestra, the principal violinist; the one who plays at the head of the first violins. (d) (Naut.) A block of hard wood pierced with suitable holes for leading ropes in their proper places. (e) (Mach.) The principal wheel in any kind of machinery. [Obs. or R.] G. Francis. (f) A horse placed in advance of others; one of the forward pair of horses. He forgot to pull in his leaders, and they gallop away with him at times. Hare. (g) A pipe for conducting rain water from a roof to a cistern or to the ground; a conductor. (h) (Fishing) A net for leading fish into a pound, weir, etc. ; also, a line of gut, to which the snell of a fly hook is attached. (i) (Mining) A branch or small vein, not important in itself, but indicating the proximity of a better one. 2. The first, or the principal, editorial article in a newspaper; a leading or main editorial article. 3. (Print.) (a) A type having a dot or short row of dots upon its face. (b) pl. a row of dots, periods, or hyphens, used in tables of contents, etc., to lead the eye across a space to the right word or number. Syn. -- chief; chieftain; commander. See Chief.", @@ -43494,12 +38285,10 @@ "leagued": null, "leagues": "1. A measure of length or distance, varying in different countries from about 2.4 to 4.6 English statute miles of 5.280 feet each, and used (as a land measure) chiefly on the continent of Europe, and in the Spanish parts of America. The marine league of England and the United States is equal to three marine, or geographical, miles of 6080 feet each. Note: The English land league is equal to three English statute miles. The Spanish and French leagues vary in each country according to usage and the kind of measurement to which they are applied. The Dutch and German leagues contain about four geographical miles, or about 4.6 English statute miles. 2. A stone erected near a public road to mark the distance of a league. [Obs.]\n\nAn alliance or combination of two or more nations, parties, or persons, for the accomplishment of a purpose which requires a continued course of action, as for mutual defense, or for furtherance of commercial, religious, or political interests, etc. And let there be 'Twixt us and them no league, nor amity. Denham. Note: A league may be offensive or defensive, or both; offensive, when the parties agree to unite in attacking a common enemy; defensive, when they agree to a mutual defense of each other against an enemy. The Holy League, an alliance of Roman Catholics formed in 1576 by influence of the Duke of Guise for the exclusion of Protestants from the throne of France. -- Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant,2. -- The land league, an association, organized in Dublin in 1879, to promote the interests of the Irish tenantry, its avowed objects being to secure fixity of tenure fair rent, and free sale of the tenants' interest. It was declared illegal by Parliament, but vigorous prosecutions have failed to suppress it. Syn. -- Alliance; confederacy; confederation; coalition; combination; compact; coöperation.\n\nTo unite in a league or confederacy; to combine for mutual support; to confederate South.\n\nTo join in a league; to cause to combine for a joint purpose; to combine; to unite; as, common interests will league heterogeneous elements.", "leaguing": null, - "leah": null, "leak": "1. A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a leak in a gas pipe. \"One leak will sink a ship.\" Bunyan. 2. The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture; as, the leak gained on the ship's pumps. To spring a leak, to open or crack so as to let in water; to begin to let in water; as, the ship sprung a leak.\n\nLeaky. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To let water or other fluid in or out through a hole, crevice, etc.; as, the cask leaks; the roof leaks; the boat leaks. 2. To enter or escape, as a fluid, through a hole, crevice, etc. ; to pass gradually into, or out of, something; -- usually with in or out. To leak out, to be divulged gradually or clandestinely; to become public; as, the facts leaked out.", "leakage": "1. A leaking; also, the quantity that enters or issues by leaking. 2. (Com.) An allowance of a certain rate per cent for the leaking of casks, or waste of liquors by leaking.", "leakages": "1. A leaking; also, the quantity that enters or issues by leaking. 2. (Com.) An allowance of a certain rate per cent for the leaking of casks, or waste of liquors by leaking.", "leaked": null, - "leakey": null, "leakier": null, "leakiest": null, "leakiness": "The quality of being leaky.", @@ -43507,15 +38296,11 @@ "leaks": "1. A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a leak in a gas pipe. \"One leak will sink a ship.\" Bunyan. 2. The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture; as, the leak gained on the ship's pumps. To spring a leak, to open or crack so as to let in water; to begin to let in water; as, the ship sprung a leak.\n\nLeaky. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To let water or other fluid in or out through a hole, crevice, etc.; as, the cask leaks; the roof leaks; the boat leaks. 2. To enter or escape, as a fluid, through a hole, crevice, etc. ; to pass gradually into, or out of, something; -- usually with in or out. To leak out, to be divulged gradually or clandestinely; to become public; as, the facts leaked out.", "leaky": "1. Permitting water or other fluid to leak in or out; as, a leaky roof or cask. 2. Apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not close. [Colloq.]", "lean": "To conceal. [Obs.] Ray.\n\n1. To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating; as, she leaned out at the window; a leaning column. \"He leant forward.\" Dickens. 2. To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; -- with to, toward, etc. They delight rather to lean to their old customs. Spenser. 3. To rest or rely, for support, comfort, and the like; -- with on, upon, or against. He leaned not on his fathers but himself. Tennyson.\n\nTo cause to lean; to incline; to support or rest. Mrs. Browning. His fainting limbs against an oak he leant. Dryden.\n\n1. Wanting flesh; destitute of or deficient in fat; not plump; meager; thin; lank; as, a lean body; a lean cattle. 2. Wanting fullness, richness, sufficiency, or productiveness; deficient in quality or contents; slender; scant; barren; bare; mean; -- used literally and figuratively; as, the lean harvest; a lean purse; a lean discourse; lean wages. \"No lean wardrobe.\" Shak. Their lean and fiashy songs. Milton. What the land is, whether it be fat or lean. Num. xiii. 20. Out of my lean and low ability I'll lend you something. Shak. 3. (Typog.) Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; -- opposed to fat; as lean copy, matter, or type. Syn. -- slender; spare; thin; meager; lank; skinny; gaunt.\n\n1. That part of flesh which consist principally of muscle without the fat. The fat was so white and the lean was so ruddy. Goldsmith. 2. (Typog.) Unremunerative copy or work.", - "leander": null, "leaned": null, "leaner": null, "leanest": null, "leaning": "The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; as, a leaning towards Calvinism.", "leanings": "The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; as, a leaning towards Calvinism.", - "leann": null, - "leanna": null, - "leanne": null, "leanness": "The condition or quality of being lean.", "leans": "To conceal. [Obs.] Ray.\n\n1. To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating; as, she leaned out at the window; a leaning column. \"He leant forward.\" Dickens. 2. To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; -- with to, toward, etc. They delight rather to lean to their old customs. Spenser. 3. To rest or rely, for support, comfort, and the like; -- with on, upon, or against. He leaned not on his fathers but himself. Tennyson.\n\nTo cause to lean; to incline; to support or rest. Mrs. Browning. His fainting limbs against an oak he leant. Dryden.\n\n1. Wanting flesh; destitute of or deficient in fat; not plump; meager; thin; lank; as, a lean body; a lean cattle. 2. Wanting fullness, richness, sufficiency, or productiveness; deficient in quality or contents; slender; scant; barren; bare; mean; -- used literally and figuratively; as, the lean harvest; a lean purse; a lean discourse; lean wages. \"No lean wardrobe.\" Shak. Their lean and fiashy songs. Milton. What the land is, whether it be fat or lean. Num. xiii. 20. Out of my lean and low ability I'll lend you something. Shak. 3. (Typog.) Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; -- opposed to fat; as lean copy, matter, or type. Syn. -- slender; spare; thin; meager; lank; skinny; gaunt.\n\n1. That part of flesh which consist principally of muscle without the fat. The fat was so white and the lean was so ruddy. Goldsmith. 2. (Typog.) Unremunerative copy or work.", "leap": "1. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. A weel or wicker trap for fish. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To spring clear of the ground, with the feet; to jump; to vault; as, a man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a horse. Bacon. Leap in with me into this angry flood. Shak. 2. To spring or move suddenly, as by a jump or by jumps; to bound; to move swiftly. Also Fig. My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky. Wordsworth.\n\n1. To pass over by a leap or jump; as, to leap a wall, or a ditch. 2. To copulate with (a female beast); to cover. 3. To cause to leap; as, to leap a horse across a ditch.\n\n1. The act of leaping, or the space passed by leaping; a jump; a spring; a bound. Wickedness comes on by degrees, . . . and sudden leaps from one extreme to another are unnatural. L'Estrange. Changes of tone may proceed either by leaps or glides. H. Sweet. 2. Copulation with, or coverture of, a female beast. 3. (Mining) A fault. 4. (Mus.) A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially by a long one, or by one including several other and intermediate intervals.", @@ -43529,8 +38314,6 @@ "leaping": "from Leap, to jump. Leaping house, a brothel. [Obs.] Shak. -- Leaping pole, a pole used in some games of leaping. -- Leaping spider (Zoöl.), a jumping spider; one of the Saltigradæ.", "leaps": "1. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. A weel or wicker trap for fish. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To spring clear of the ground, with the feet; to jump; to vault; as, a man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a horse. Bacon. Leap in with me into this angry flood. Shak. 2. To spring or move suddenly, as by a jump or by jumps; to bound; to move swiftly. Also Fig. My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky. Wordsworth.\n\n1. To pass over by a leap or jump; as, to leap a wall, or a ditch. 2. To copulate with (a female beast); to cover. 3. To cause to leap; as, to leap a horse across a ditch.\n\n1. The act of leaping, or the space passed by leaping; a jump; a spring; a bound. Wickedness comes on by degrees, . . . and sudden leaps from one extreme to another are unnatural. L'Estrange. Changes of tone may proceed either by leaps or glides. H. Sweet. 2. Copulation with, or coverture of, a female beast. 3. (Mining) A fault. 4. (Mus.) A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially by a long one, or by one including several other and intermediate intervals.", "leapt": null, - "lear": "To learn. See Lere, to learn. [Obs.]\n\nLore; lesson. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nSee Leer, a. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nAn annealing oven. See Leer, n.", - "learjet": null, "learn": "1. To gain knowledge or information of; to ascertain by inquiry, study, or investigation; to receive instruction concerning; to fix in the mind; to acquire understanding of, or skill; as, to learn the way; to learn a lesson; to learn dancing; to learn to skate; to learn the violin; to learn the truth about something. \"Learn to do well.\" Is. i. 17. Now learn a parable of the fig tree. Matt. xxiv. 32. 2. To communicate knowledge to; to teach. [Obs.] Hast thou not learned me how To make perfumes Shak. Note: Learn formerly had also the sense of teach, in accordance with the analogy of the French and other languages, and hence we find it with this sense in Shakespeare, Spenser, and other old writers. This usage has now passed away. To learn is to receive instruction, and to teach is to give instruction. He who is taught learns, not he who teaches.\n\nTo acquire knowledge or skill; to make progress in acquiring knowledge or skill; to receive information or instruction; as, this child learns quickly. Take my yoke upon you and learn of me. Matt. xi. 29. To learn by heart. See By heart, under Heart. -- To learn by rote, to memorize by repetition without exercise of the understanding.", "learnability": null, "learnable": "Such as can be learned.", @@ -43540,7 +38323,6 @@ "learners": "One who learns; a scholar.", "learning": "1. The acquisition of knowledge or skill; as, the learning of languages; the learning of telegraphy. 2. The knowledge or skill received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science; as, he is a man of great learning. Book learning. See under Book. Syn. -- Literature; erudition; lore; scholarship; science; letters. See Literature.", "learns": "1. To gain knowledge or information of; to ascertain by inquiry, study, or investigation; to receive instruction concerning; to fix in the mind; to acquire understanding of, or skill; as, to learn the way; to learn a lesson; to learn dancing; to learn to skate; to learn the violin; to learn the truth about something. \"Learn to do well.\" Is. i. 17. Now learn a parable of the fig tree. Matt. xxiv. 32. 2. To communicate knowledge to; to teach. [Obs.] Hast thou not learned me how To make perfumes Shak. Note: Learn formerly had also the sense of teach, in accordance with the analogy of the French and other languages, and hence we find it with this sense in Shakespeare, Spenser, and other old writers. This usage has now passed away. To learn is to receive instruction, and to teach is to give instruction. He who is taught learns, not he who teaches.\n\nTo acquire knowledge or skill; to make progress in acquiring knowledge or skill; to receive information or instruction; as, this child learns quickly. Take my yoke upon you and learn of me. Matt. xi. 29. To learn by heart. See By heart, under Heart. -- To learn by rote, to memorize by repetition without exercise of the understanding.", - "leary": null, "leas": "(a) A measure of yarn; for linen, 300 yards; for cotton, 120 yards; a lay. (b) A set of warp threads carried by a loop of the heddle.\n\nA meadow or sward land; a grassy field. \"Plow-torn leas.\" Shak. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.", "lease": "To gather what harvesters have left behind; to glean. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\n1. To grant to another by lease the possession of, as of lands, tenements, and hereditaments; to let; to demise; as, a landowner leases a farm to a tenant; -- sometimes with out. There were some [houses] that were leased out for three lives. Addison. 2. To hold under a lease; to take lease of; as, a tenant leases his land from the owner.\n\n1. A demise or letting of lands, tenements, or hereditaments to another for life, for a term of years, or at will, or for any less interest than that which the lessor has in the property, usually for a specified rent or compensation. 2. The contract for such letting. 3. Any tenure by grant or permission; the time for which such a tenure holds good; allotted time. Our high-placed Macbeth Shall live the lease of nature. Shak. Lease and release a mode of conveyance of freehold estates, formerly common in England and in New York. its place is now supplied by a simple deed of grant. Burrill. Warren's Blackstone.", "leaseback": null, @@ -43572,16 +38354,11 @@ "leavened": null, "leavening": "1. The act of making light, or causing to ferment, by means of leaven. 2. That which leavens or makes light. Bacon.", "leavens": "1. Any substance that produces, or is designed to produce, fermentation, as in dough or liquids; esp., a portion of fermenting dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough, produces a general change in the mass, and renders it light; yeast; barm. 2. Anything which makes a general assimilating (especially a corrupting) change in the mass. Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. Luke xii. 1.\n\n1. To make light by the action of leaven; to cause to ferment. A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. 1 Cor. v. 6. 2. To imbue; to infect; to vitiate. With these and the like deceivable doctrines, he leavens also his prayer. Milton.", - "leavenworth": null, "leaver": "One who leaves, or withdraws.", "leavers": "One who leaves, or withdraws.", "leaves": "pl. of Leaf.", "leaving": null, "leavings": "1. Things left; remnants; relics. 2. Refuse; offal.", - "lebanese": null, - "lebanon": null, - "lebesgue": null, - "leblanc": null, "lech": "To lick. [Obs.]", "leched": null, "lecher": "A man given to lewdness; one addicted, in an excessive degree, to the indulgence of sexual desire, or to illicit commerce with women.\n\nTo practice lewdness.", @@ -43604,8 +38381,6 @@ "lectureships": "The office of a lecturer.", "lecturing": null, "led": "of Lead. Led captain. An obsequious follower or attendant. [Obs.] Swift. -- Led horse, a sumpter horse, or a spare horse, that is led along.", - "leda": null, - "lederberg": null, "ledge": "1. A shelf on which articles may be laid; also, that which resembles such a shelf in form or use, as a projecting ridge or part, or a molding or edge in joinery. 2. A shelf, ridge, or reef, of rocks. 3. A layer or stratum. The lowest ledge or row should be of stone. Sir H. Wotton. 4. (Mining) A lode; a limited mass of rock bearing valuable mineral. 5. (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber to support the deck, placed athwartship between beams.", "ledger": "1. A book in which a summary of accounts is laid up or preserved; the final book of record in business transactions, in which all debits and credits from the journal, etc., are placed under appropriate heads. [Written also leger.] 2. (Arch.) (a) A large flat stone, esp. one laid over a tomb. Oxf. Gloss. (b) A horizontal piece of timber secured to the uprights and supporting floor timbers, a staircase, scaffolding, or the like. It differs from an intertie in being intended to carry weight. [Written also ligger.] Ledger bait, fishing bait attached to a floating line fastened to the bank of a stream, pond, etc. Walton. J. H. Walsh. -- Ledger line. See Leger line, under 3d Leger, a. -- Ledger wall (Mining), the wall under a vein; the foot wall. Raymond.", "ledgers": "1. A book in which a summary of accounts is laid up or preserved; the final book of record in business transactions, in which all debits and credits from the journal, etc., are placed under appropriate heads. [Written also leger.] 2. (Arch.) (a) A large flat stone, esp. one laid over a tomb. Oxf. Gloss. (b) A horizontal piece of timber secured to the uprights and supporting floor timbers, a staircase, scaffolding, or the like. It differs from an intertie in being intended to carry weight. [Written also ligger.] Ledger bait, fishing bait attached to a floating line fastened to the bank of a stream, pond, etc. Walton. J. H. Walsh. -- Ledger line. See Leger line, under 3d Leger, a. -- Ledger wall (Mining), the wall under a vein; the foot wall. Raymond.", @@ -43615,7 +38390,6 @@ "leeched": null, "leeches": null, "leeching": null, - "leeds": "A caldron; a copper kettle. [Obs.] \"A furnace of a leed.\" Chaucer.", "leek": "A plant of the genus Allium (A. Porrum), having broadly linear succulent leaves rising from a loose oblong cylindrical bulb. The flavor is stronger than that of the common onion. Wild leek , in America, a plant (Allium tricoccum) with a cluster of ovoid bulbs and large oblong elliptical leaves.", "leeks": "A plant of the genus Allium (A. Porrum), having broadly linear succulent leaves rising from a loose oblong cylindrical bulb. The flavor is stronger than that of the common onion. Wild leek , in America, a plant (Allium tricoccum) with a cluster of ovoid bulbs and large oblong elliptical leaves.", "leer": "To learn. [Obs.] See Lere, to learn.\n\nEmpty; destitute; wanting; as: (a) Empty of contents. \"A leer stomach.\" Gifford. (b) Destitute of a rider; and hence, led, not ridden; as, a leer horse. B. Jonson. (c) Wanting sense or seriousness; trifling; trivolous; as, leer words.\n\nAn oven in which glassware is annealed.\n\n1. The cheek. [Obs.] Holinshed. 2. complexion; aspect; appearance. [Obs.] A Rosalind of a better leer than you. Shak. 3. A distorted expression of the face, or an indirect glance of the eye, conveying a sinister or immodest suggestion. With jealous leer malign Eyed them askance. Milton. She gives the leer of invitation. Shak. Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer. Pope.\n\nTo look with a leer; to look askance with a suggestive expression, as of hatred, contempt, lust, etc. ; to cast a sidelong lustful or malign look. I will leer him as a'comes by. Shak. The priest, above his book, Leering at his neighbor's wife. Tennyson.\n\nTo entice with a leer, or leers; as, to leer a man to ruin. Dryden.", @@ -43627,8 +38401,6 @@ "leers": "To learn. [Obs.] See Lere, to learn.\n\nEmpty; destitute; wanting; as: (a) Empty of contents. \"A leer stomach.\" Gifford. (b) Destitute of a rider; and hence, led, not ridden; as, a leer horse. B. Jonson. (c) Wanting sense or seriousness; trifling; trivolous; as, leer words.\n\nAn oven in which glassware is annealed.\n\n1. The cheek. [Obs.] Holinshed. 2. complexion; aspect; appearance. [Obs.] A Rosalind of a better leer than you. Shak. 3. A distorted expression of the face, or an indirect glance of the eye, conveying a sinister or immodest suggestion. With jealous leer malign Eyed them askance. Milton. She gives the leer of invitation. Shak. Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer. Pope.\n\nTo look with a leer; to look askance with a suggestive expression, as of hatred, contempt, lust, etc. ; to cast a sidelong lustful or malign look. I will leer him as a'comes by. Shak. The priest, above his book, Leering at his neighbor's wife. Tennyson.\n\nTo entice with a leer, or leers; as, to leer a man to ruin. Dryden.", "leery": null, "lees": "Dregs. See 2d Lee.\n\nA leash. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "leesburg": null, - "leeuwenhoek": null, "leeward": "Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the part or side toward which the wind blows; -- opposed to windward; as, a leeward berth; a leeward ship. -- n. The lee side; the lee. -- adv. Toward the lee.", "leewards": "Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the part or side toward which the wind blows; -- opposed to windward; as, a leeward berth; a leeward ship. -- n. The lee side; the lee. -- adv. Toward the lee.", "leeway": "The lateral movement of a ship to the leeward of her course; drift.", @@ -43675,9 +38447,7 @@ "legend": "1. That which is appointed to be read; especially, a chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins, and in the refectories of religious houses. 2. A story respecting saints; especially, one of a marvelous nature. Addison. 3. Any wonderful story coming down from the past, but not verifiable by historical record; a myth; a fable. And in this legend all that glorious deed. Read, whilst you arm you. Fairfax. 4. An inscription, motto, or title, esp. one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon an heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration. Golden legend. See under Golden.\n\nTo tell or narrate, as a legend. Bp. Hall.", "legendarily": null, "legendary": "Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends; consisting of legends; like a legend; fabulous. \"Legendary writers.\" Bp. Lloyd. Legendary stories of nurses and old women. Bourne.\n\n1. A book of legends; a tale or parrative. Read the Countess of Pembroke's \"Arcadia,\" a gallant legendary full of pleasurable accidents. James I. 2. One who relates legends. Bp. Lavington.", - "legendre": null, "legends": "1. That which is appointed to be read; especially, a chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins, and in the refectories of religious houses. 2. A story respecting saints; especially, one of a marvelous nature. Addison. 3. Any wonderful story coming down from the past, but not verifiable by historical record; a myth; a fable. And in this legend all that glorious deed. Read, whilst you arm you. Fairfax. 4. An inscription, motto, or title, esp. one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon an heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration. Golden legend. See under Golden.\n\nTo tell or narrate, as a legend. Bp. Hall.", - "leger": "1. Anything that lies in a place; that which, or one who, remains in a place. [Obs.] 2. A minister or ambassador resident at a court or seat of government. [Written also lieger, leiger.] [Obs.] Sir Edward Carne, the queen's leger at Rome. Fuller. 3. A ledger.\n\nLying or remaining in a place; hence, resident; as, leger ambassador.\n\nLight; slender; slim; trivial. [Obs. except in special phrases.] Bacon. Leger line (Mus.), a line added above or below the staff to extend its compass; -- called also added line.", "legerdemain": "Sleight of hand; a trick of sleight of hand; hence, any artful deception or trick. He of legierdemayne the mysteries did know. Spenser. The tricks and legerdemain by which men impose upon their own souls. South.", "legged": "Having (such or so many) legs; -- used in composition; as, a long-legged man; a two-legged animal.", "leggier": null, @@ -43727,8 +38497,6 @@ "legless": "Not having a leg.", "legman": null, "legmen": null, - "lego": null, - "legree": null, "legroom": null, "legrooms": null, "legs": "1. A limb or member of an animal used for supporting the body, and in running, climbing, and swimming; esp., that part of the limb between the knee and foot. 2. That which resembles a leg in form or use; especially, any long and slender support on which any object rests; as, the leg of a table; the leg of pair of compasses or dividers. 3. The part of any article of clothing which covers the leg; as, the leg of a stocking or of a pair of trousers. 4. A bow, esp. in the phrase to make a leg; probably from drawing the leg backward in bowing. [Obs.] He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks for a favor he never received. Fuller. 5. A disreputable sporting character; a blackleg. [Slang, Eng.] 6. (Naut.) The course and distance made by a vessel on one tack or between tacks. 7. (Steam Boiler) An extension of the boiler downward, in the form of a narrow space between vertical plates, sometimes nearly surrounding the furnace and ash pit, and serving to support the boiler; -- called also water leg. 8. (Grain Elevator) The case containing the lower part of the belt which carries the buckets. 9. (Cricket) A fielder whose position is on the outside, a little in rear of the batter. A good leg (Naut.), a course sailed on a tack which is near the desired course. -- Leg bail, escape from custody by flight. [Slang] -- Legs of an hyperbola (or other curve) (Geom.), the branches of the curve which extend outward indefinitely. -- Legs of a triangle, the sides of a triangle; -- a name seldom used unless one of the sides is first distinguished by some appropriate term; as, the hypothenuse and two legs of a right-angled triangle. On one's legs, standing to speak. -- One's last legs. See under Last. -- To have legs (Naut.), to have speed. -- To stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to be independent.\n\nTo use as a leg, with it as object: (a) To bow. [Obs.] (b) To run [Low]", @@ -43738,16 +38506,7 @@ "legwarmer": null, "legwarmers": null, "legwork": null, - "lehman": null, "lei": null, - "leibniz": null, - "leicester": null, - "leicesters": null, - "leiden": null, - "leif": null, - "leigh": null, - "leila": null, - "leipzig": null, "leis": null, "leisure": "1. Freedom from occupation or business; vacant time; time free from employment. The desire of leisure is much more natural than of business and care. Sir W. Temple. 2. Time at one's command, free from engagement; convenient opportunity; hence, convenience; ease. He sighed, and had no leisure more to say. Dryden. At leisure. (a) Free from occupation; not busy. (b) In a leisurely manner; at a convenient time.\n\nUnemployed; as, leisure hours.", "leisured": "Having leisure. \"The leisured classes.\" Gladstone.", @@ -43758,10 +38517,6 @@ "leitmotifs": "See Leading motive, under Leading, a.", "leitmotiv": null, "leitmotivs": null, - "lela": null, - "leland": null, - "lelia": null, - "lemaitre": null, "lemma": "A preliminary or auxiliary proposition demonstrated or accepted for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition, as in mathematics or logic.", "lemmas": "A preliminary or auxiliary proposition demonstrated or accepted for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition, as in mathematics or logic.", "lemme": null, @@ -43773,13 +38528,8 @@ "lemongrass": null, "lemons": "1. (Bot.) An oval or roundish fruit resembling the orange, and containing a pulp usually intensely acid. It is produced by a tropical tree of the genus Citrus,the common fruit known in commerce being that of the species C. Limonum or C. Medica (var. Limonum). There are many varieties of the fruit, some of which are sweet. 2. The tree which bears lemons; the lemon tree. Lemon grass (Bot.), a fragrant East Indian grass (Andropogon Shoenanthus, and perhaps other allied species), which yields the grass oil used in perfumery. -- Lemon sole (Zoöl.), a yellow European sole (Solea aurantiaca). -- Salts of lemon (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, inappropriately named, as it consists of an acid potassium oxalate and contains no citric acid, which is the characteristic acid of lemon; -- called also salis of sorrel. It is used in removing ink stains. See Oxalic acid, under Oxalic. [Colloq.]", "lemony": null, - "lemuel": null, "lemur": "One of a family (Lemuridæ) of nocturnal mammals allied to the monkeys, but of small size, and having a sharp and foxlike muzzle, and large eyes. They feed upon birds, insects, and fruit, and are mostly natives of Madagascar and the neighboring islands, one genus (Galago) occurring in Africa. The slow lemur or kukang of the East Indies is Nycticebus tardigradus. See Galago, Indris, and Colugo.", - "lemuria": "A hypothetical land, or continent, supposed by some to have existed formerly in the Indian Ocean, of which Madagascar is a remnant. Herschel.", "lemurs": "One of a family (Lemuridæ) of nocturnal mammals allied to the monkeys, but of small size, and having a sharp and foxlike muzzle, and large eyes. They feed upon birds, insects, and fruit, and are mostly natives of Madagascar and the neighboring islands, one genus (Galago) occurring in Africa. The slow lemur or kukang of the East Indies is Nycticebus tardigradus. See Galago, Indris, and Colugo.", - "len": null, - "lena": "A procuress. J. Webster.", - "lenard": null, "lend": "1. To allow the custody and use of, on condition of the return of the same; to grant the temporary use of; as, to lend a book; -- opposed to borrow. Give me that ring. I'll lend it thee, my dear, but have no power To give it from me. Shak. 2. To allow the possession and use of, on condition of the return of an equivalent in kind; as, to lend money or some article of food. Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy victuals for increase. Levit. xxv. 37. 3. To afford; to grant or furnish in general; as, to lend assistance; to lend one's name or influence. Cato, lend me for a while thy patience. Addison. Mountain lines and distant horizons lend space and largeness to his compositions. J. A. Symonds. 4. To let for hire or compensation; as, to lend a horse or gig. Note: This use of the word is rare in the United States, except with reference to money. To lend a hand, to give assistance; to help. [Colloq.] -- To lend an ear or one's ears, to give attention.", "lender": "One who lends. The borrower is servant to the lender. Prov. xxii. 7.", "lenders": "One who lends. The borrower is servant to the lender. Prov. xxii. 7.", @@ -43801,51 +38551,22 @@ "leniency": "The quality or state of being lenient; lenity; clemency.", "lenient": "1. Relaxing; emollient; softening; assuasive; -- some \"Lenient of grief.\" Milton. Of relax the fibers, are lenient, balsamic. Arbuthnot. Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand. Pope. 2. Mild; clement; merciful; not rigorous or severe; as, a lenient disposition; a lenient judge or sentence.\n\nA lenitive; an emollient.", "leniently": "In a lenient manner.", - "lenin": null, - "leningrad": null, - "leninism": null, - "leninist": null, "lenitive": "Having the quality of softening or mitigating, as pain or acrimony; assuasive; emollient.\n\n1. (Med.) (a) A medicine or application that has the quality of easing pain or protecting from the action of irritants. (b) A mild purgative; a laxative. 2. That which softens or mitigates; that which tends to allay passion, excitement, or pain; a palliative. There is one sweet Lenitive at least for evils, which Nature holds out; so I took it kindly at her hands, and fell asleep. Sterne.", - "lennon": null, - "lenny": null, - "leno": "A light open cotton fabric used for window curtains.", - "lenoir": null, - "lenora": null, - "lenore": null, "lens": "A piece of glass, or other transparent substance, ground with two opposite regular surfaces, either both curved, or one curved and the other plane, and commonly used, either singly or combined, in optical instruments, for changing the direction of rays of light, and thus magnifying objects, or otherwise modifying vision. In practice, the curved surfaces are usually spherical, though rarely cylindrical, or of some other figure. Lenses Note: Of spherical lenses, there are six varieties, as shown in section in the figures herewith given: viz., a plano-concave; b double-concave; c plano-convex; d double-convex; converging concavo- convex, or converging meniscus; f diverging concavo-convex, or diverging meniscus. Crossed lens (Opt.), a double-convex lens with one radius equal to six times the other. -- Crystalline lens. (Anat.) See Eye. -- Fresnel lens (Opt.), a compound lens formed by placing around a central convex lens rings of glass so curved as to have the same focus; used, especially in lighthouses, for concentrating light in a particular direction; -- so called from the inventor. -- Multiplying lens or glass (Opt.), a lens one side of which is plane and the other convex, but made up of a number of plane faces inclined to one another, each of which presents a separate image of the object viewed through it, so that the object is, as it were, multiplied. -- Polyzonal lens. See Polyzonal.", "lenses": null, "lent": "imp. & p. p. of Lend.\n\nA fast of forty days, beginning with Ash Wednesday and continuing till Easter, observed by some Christian churches as commemorative of the fast of our Savior.\n\n1. Slow; mild; gentle; as, lenter heats. [Obs.] B.Jonson. 2. (Mus.) See Lento.", - "lenten": "Lent. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the fast called Lent; used in, or suitable to, Lent; as, the Lenten season. She quenched her fury at the flood. And with a Lenten salad cooled her blood. Dryden. 2. Spare, meager; plain; somber; unostentatious; not abundant or showy. \"Lenten entertainment.\" \" Lenten answer.\" Shak. \" Lenten suit.\" Beau. & Fl. Lenten color, black or violet. F. G. Lee.", "lentil": "A leguminous plant of the genus Ervum (Ervum Lens), of small size, common in the fields in Europe. Also, its seed, which is used for food on the continent. Note: The lentil of the Scriptures probably included several other vetchlike plants. Lentil shell (Zoöl.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Ervillia, family Tellinidæ.", "lentils": "A leguminous plant of the genus Ervum (Ervum Lens), of small size, common in the fields in Europe. Also, its seed, which is used for food on the continent. Note: The lentil of the Scriptures probably included several other vetchlike plants. Lentil shell (Zoöl.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Ervillia, family Tellinidæ.", "lento": "Slow; in slow time; slowly; -- rarely written lente.", - "lents": "imp. & p. p. of Lend.\n\nA fast of forty days, beginning with Ash Wednesday and continuing till Easter, observed by some Christian churches as commemorative of the fast of our Savior.\n\n1. Slow; mild; gentle; as, lenter heats. [Obs.] B.Jonson. 2. (Mus.) See Lento.", - "leo": "1. The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac, marked thus 2. A northern constellation east of Cancer, containing the bright star Regulus at the end of the handle of the Sickle. Leo Minor, a small constellation between Leo and the Great Bear.", - "leola": null, - "leominster": null, - "leon": "A lion. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "leona": null, - "leonard": null, - "leonardo": null, - "leoncavallo": null, - "leonel": null, - "leonid": "One of the shooting stars which constitute the star shower that recurs near the fourteenth of November at intervals of about thirty- three years; so called because shooting stars appear on the heavens to move in lines directed from the constellation Leo.", - "leonidas": null, "leonine": "Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the lion; as, a leonine look; leonine repacity. -- Le\"o*nine*ly, adv. Leonine verse, a kind of verse, in which the end of the line rhymes with the middle; -- so named from Leo, or Leoninus, a Benedictine and canon of Paris in the twelfth century, who wrote largely in this measure, though he was not the inventor. The following line is an example: Gloria factorum temere conceditur horum.", - "leonor": null, "leopard": "A large, savage, carnivorous mammal (Felis leopardus). It is of a yellow or fawn color, with rings or roselike clusters of black spots along the back and sides. It is found in Southern Asia and Africa. By some the panther (Felis pardus) is regarded as a variety of leopard. Hunting leopard. See Cheetah. Leopard cat (Zoöl.) any one of several species or varieties of small, spotted cats found in Africa, Southern Asia, and the East Indies; esp., Felis Bengalensis. -- Leopard marmot. See Gopher, 2. LEOPARD'S BANE Leop\"ard's bane`. (Bot.) A name of several harmless plants, as Arnica montana, Senecio Doronicum, and Paris quadrifolia.", "leopardess": null, "leopardesses": null, "leopards": "A large, savage, carnivorous mammal (Felis leopardus). It is of a yellow or fawn color, with rings or roselike clusters of black spots along the back and sides. It is found in Southern Asia and Africa. By some the panther (Felis pardus) is regarded as a variety of leopard. Hunting leopard. See Cheetah. Leopard cat (Zoöl.) any one of several species or varieties of small, spotted cats found in Africa, Southern Asia, and the East Indies; esp., Felis Bengalensis. -- Leopard marmot. See Gopher, 2. LEOPARD'S BANE Leop\"ard's bane`. (Bot.) A name of several harmless plants, as Arnica montana, Senecio Doronicum, and Paris quadrifolia.", - "leopold": null, - "leopoldo": null, - "leos": "1. The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac, marked thus 2. A northern constellation east of Cancer, containing the bright star Regulus at the end of the handle of the Sickle. Leo Minor, a small constellation between Leo and the Great Bear.", "leotard": null, "leotards": null, "leper": "A person affected with leprosy.", "lepers": "A person affected with leprosy.", - "lepidus": null, - "lepke": null, "leprechaun": null, "leprechauns": null, "leprosy": "A cutaneous disease which first appears as blebs or as reddish, shining, slightly prominent spots, with spreading edges. These are often followed by an eruption of dark or yellowish prominent nodules, frequently producing great deformity. In one variety of the disease, anæsthesia of the skin is a prominent symptom. In addition there may be wasting of the muscles, falling out of the hair and nails, and distortion of the hands and feet with destruction of the bones and joints. It is incurable, and is probably contagious.Mycobacterium leprae, curable in most cases by therapy with a combination of antibiotics, but cases resistant to therapy are increasing. Note: The disease now called leprosy, also designated as Lepra or Lepra Arabum, and Elephantiasis Græcorum, is not the same as the leprosy of the ancients. The latter was, indeed, a generic name for many varieties of skin disease (including our modern leprosy, psoriasis, etc.), some of which, among the Hebrews, rendered a person ceremonially unclean. A variety of leprosy of the Hebrews (probably identical with modern leprosy) was characterized by the presence of smooth, shining, depressed white patches or scales, the hair on which participated in the whiteness while the skin and adjacent flesh became insensible. It was incurable disease.", @@ -43853,19 +38574,11 @@ "lepta": null, "lepton": null, "leptons": null, - "lepus": null, - "lerner": null, - "leroy": null, - "les": "A leash. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "lesa": null, "lesbian": "Of or pertaining to the island anciently called Lesbos, now Mitylene, in the Grecian Archipelago.", "lesbianism": "Unnatural sexual relations between women.", "lesbians": "Of or pertaining to the island anciently called Lesbos, now Mitylene, in the Grecian Archipelago.", "lesion": "A hurt; an injury. Specifically: (a) (Civil Law) Loss sustained from failure to fulfill a bargain or contract. Burrill. (b) (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or the texture of organs. Dunglison.", "lesions": "A hurt; an injury. Specifically: (a) (Civil Law) Loss sustained from failure to fulfill a bargain or contract. Burrill. (b) (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or the texture of organs. Dunglison.", - "lesley": null, - "leslie": null, - "lesotho": null, "less": "Unless. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nSmaller; not so large or great; not so much; shorter; inferior; as, a less quantity or number; a horse of less size or value; in less time than before. Note: The substantive which less qualifies is often omitted; as, the purse contained less (money) than ten dollars. See Less, n. Thus in less [time] than a hundred years from the coming of Augustine, all England became Christian. E. A. Freeman.\n\nNot so much; in a smaller or lower degree; as, less bright or loud; less beautiful.\n\n1. A smaller portion or quantity. The children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less. Ex. xvi. 17. 2. The inferior, younger, or smaller. The less is blessed of the better. Heb. vii. 7.\n\nTo make less; to lessen. [Obs.] Gower.", "lessee": "The person to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by lease. Blackstone.", "lessees": "The person to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by lease. Blackstone.", @@ -43873,29 +38586,20 @@ "lessened": null, "lessening": null, "lessens": "To make less; to reduce; to make smaller, or fewer; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; as, to lessen a kingdom, or a population; to lessen speed, rank, fortune. Charity . . . shall lessen his punishment. Calamy. St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it. Atterbury. Syn. -- To diminish; reduce; abate; decrease; lower; impair; weaken; degrade.\n\nTo become less; to shrink; to contract; to decrease; to be diminished; as, the apparent magnitude of objects lessens as we recede from them; his care, or his wealth, lessened. The objection lessens much, and comes to no more than this: there was one witness of no good reputation. Atterbury.", - "lesseps": null, "lesser": "Less; smaller; inferior. God made . . . the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. i. 15. Note: Lesser is used for less, now the compar. of little, in certain special instances in which its employment has become established by custom; as, Lesser Asia (i. e., Asia Minor), the lesser light, and some others; also in poetry, for the sake of the meter, and in prose where its use renders the passage more euphonious. The more my prayer, the lesser is my grace. Shak. The larger here, and there the lesser lambs. Pope. By the same reason may a man, in the state of nature, punish the lesser breaches of the law. Locke.\n\nLess. [Obs.] Shak.", - "lessie": null, "lesson": "1. Anything read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner; something, as a portion of a book, assigned to a pupil to be studied or learned at one time. 2. That which is learned or taught by an express effort; instruction derived from precept, experience, observation, or deduction; a precept; a doctrine; as, to take or give a lesson in drawing.\" A smooth and pleasing lesson.\" Milton. Emprinteth well this lesson in your mind. Chaucer. 3. A portion of Scripture read in divine service for instruction; as, here endeth the first lesson. 4. A severe lecture; reproof; rebuke; warning. She would give her a lesson for walking so late. Sir. P. Sidney. 5. (Mus.) An exercise; a composition serving an educational purpose; a study.\n\nTo teach; to instruct. Shak. To rest the weary, and to soothe the sad, Doth lesson happier men, and shame at least the bad. Byron.", "lessons": "1. Anything read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner; something, as a portion of a book, assigned to a pupil to be studied or learned at one time. 2. That which is learned or taught by an express effort; instruction derived from precept, experience, observation, or deduction; a precept; a doctrine; as, to take or give a lesson in drawing.\" A smooth and pleasing lesson.\" Milton. Emprinteth well this lesson in your mind. Chaucer. 3. A portion of Scripture read in divine service for instruction; as, here endeth the first lesson. 4. A severe lecture; reproof; rebuke; warning. She would give her a lesson for walking so late. Sir. P. Sidney. 5. (Mus.) An exercise; a composition serving an educational purpose; a study.\n\nTo teach; to instruct. Shak. To rest the weary, and to soothe the sad, Doth lesson happier men, and shame at least the bad. Byron.", "lessor": "One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Blackstone.", "lessors": "One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Blackstone.", "lest": "To listen. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.\n\nLust; desire; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nLast; least. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. For Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty. Prov. xx. 18. Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth he standeth take heed lest he fall. I Cor. x. 12. 2. That (without the negative particle); -- after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension. I feared Lest I might anger thee. Shak.", - "lester": "A dry sirocco in the Madeira Islands.", - "lestrade": null, "let": "To retard; to hinder; to impede; to oppose. [Archaic] He was so strong that no man might him let. Chaucer. He who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. 2. Thess. ii. 7. Mine ancient wound is hardly whole, And lets me from the saddle. Tennyson.\n\n1. A retarding; hindrance; obstacle; impediment; delay; -- common in the phrase without let or hindrance, but elsewhere archaic. Keats. Consider whether your doings be to the let of your salvation or not. Latimer. 2. (Lawn Tennis) A stroke in which a ball touches the top of the net in passing over.\n\n1. To leave; to relinquish; to abandon. [Obs. or Archaic, except when followed by alone or be.] He . . . prayed him his voyage for to let Chaucer. Yet neither spins nor cards, ne cares nor frets, But to her mother Nature all her care she lets. Spenser. Let me alone in choosing of my wife. Chaucer. 2. To consider; to think; to esteem. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To cause; to make; -- used with the infinitive in the active form but in the passive sense; as, let make, i. e., cause to be made; let bring, i. e., cause to be brought. [Obs.] This irous, cursed wretch Let this knight's son anon before him fetch. Chaucer. He . . . thus let do slay hem all three. Chaucer. Anon he let two coffers make. Gower. 4. To permit; to allow; to suffer; -- either affirmatively, by positive act, or negatively, by neglecting to restrain or prevent. Note: In this sense, when followed by an infinitive, the latter is commonly without the sign to; as to let us walk, i. e., to permit or suffer us to walk. Sometimes there is entire omission of the verb; as, to let [to be or to go] loose. Pharaoh said, I will let you go Ex. viii. 28. If your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. Shak. 5. To allow to be used or occupied for a compensation; to lease; to rent; to hire out; -- often with out; as, to let a farm; to let a house; to let out horses. 6. To give, grant, or assign, as a work, privilege, or contract; -- often with out; as, to let the building of a bridge; to let out the lathing and the plastering. Note: The active form of the infinitive of let, as of many other English verbs, is often used in a passive sense; as, a house to let (i. e., for letting, or to be let). This form of expression conforms to the use of the Anglo-Saxon gerund with to (dative infinitive) which was commonly so employed. See Gerund, 2. \" Your elegant house in Harley Street is to let.\" Thackeray. In the imperative mood, before the first person plural, let has a hortative force. \" Rise up, let us go.\" Mark xiv. 42. \" Let us seek out some desolate shade.\" Shak. To let alone, to leave; to withdraw from; to refrain from interfering with. -- To let blood, to cause blood to flow; to bleed. -- To let down. (a) To lower. (b) To soften in tempering; as to let down tools, cutlery, and the like. -- To let drive or fly, to discharge with violence, as a blow, an arrow, or stone. See under Drive, and Fly. -- To let in or into. (a) To permit or suffer to enter; to admit. (b) To insert, or imbed, as a piece of wood, in a recess formed in a surface for the purpose. To let loose, to remove restraint from; to permit to wander at large. -- To let off (a) To discharge; to let fly, as an arrow; to fire the charge of, as a gun. (b) To release, as from an engagement or obligation. [Colloq.] To let out. (a) To allow to go forth; as, to let out a prisoner. (b) To extend or loosen, as the folds of a garment; to enlarge; to suffer to run out, as a cord. (c) To lease; to give out for performance by contract, as a job. (d) To divulge. -- To let slide, to let go; to cease to care for. [Colloq.] \" Let the world slide.\" Shak.\n\n1. To forbear. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. To be let or leased; as, the farm lets for $500 a year. See note under Left, v. i. To let on, to tell; to tattle; to divulge something. [Low] -- To let up, to become less severe; to diminish; to cease; as, when the storm lets up. [Colloq.]", - "leta": null, "letdown": null, "letdowns": null, - "letha": null, "lethal": "One of the higher alcohols of the paraffine series obtained from spermaceti as a white crystalline solid. It is so called because it occurs in the ethereal salt of lauric acid.\n\nDeadly; mortal; fatal. \"The lethal blow.\" W. Richardson. -- Le\"thal*ly, adv.", "lethally": null, "lethargic": "Pertaining to, affected with, or resembling, lethargy; morbidly drowsy; dull; heavy. -- Le*thar\"gic*al*ly, v. -- Le*thar\"gic*al*ness, n. -- Le*thar\"gic*ness, n.", "lethargically": null, "lethargy": "1. Morbid drowsiness; continued or profound sleep, from which a person can scarcely be awaked. 2. A state of inaction or indifference. Europe lay then under a deep lethargy. Atterbury.\n\nTo lethargize. [Obs.] Shak.", - "lethe": "Death.[Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. (Class. Myth.) A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past. 2. Oblivion; a draught of oblivion; forgetfulness.", - "leticia": null, - "letitia": null, "lets": "To retard; to hinder; to impede; to oppose. [Archaic] He was so strong that no man might him let. Chaucer. He who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. 2. Thess. ii. 7. Mine ancient wound is hardly whole, And lets me from the saddle. Tennyson.\n\n1. A retarding; hindrance; obstacle; impediment; delay; -- common in the phrase without let or hindrance, but elsewhere archaic. Keats. Consider whether your doings be to the let of your salvation or not. Latimer. 2. (Lawn Tennis) A stroke in which a ball touches the top of the net in passing over.\n\n1. To leave; to relinquish; to abandon. [Obs. or Archaic, except when followed by alone or be.] He . . . prayed him his voyage for to let Chaucer. Yet neither spins nor cards, ne cares nor frets, But to her mother Nature all her care she lets. Spenser. Let me alone in choosing of my wife. Chaucer. 2. To consider; to think; to esteem. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To cause; to make; -- used with the infinitive in the active form but in the passive sense; as, let make, i. e., cause to be made; let bring, i. e., cause to be brought. [Obs.] This irous, cursed wretch Let this knight's son anon before him fetch. Chaucer. He . . . thus let do slay hem all three. Chaucer. Anon he let two coffers make. Gower. 4. To permit; to allow; to suffer; -- either affirmatively, by positive act, or negatively, by neglecting to restrain or prevent. Note: In this sense, when followed by an infinitive, the latter is commonly without the sign to; as to let us walk, i. e., to permit or suffer us to walk. Sometimes there is entire omission of the verb; as, to let [to be or to go] loose. Pharaoh said, I will let you go Ex. viii. 28. If your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. Shak. 5. To allow to be used or occupied for a compensation; to lease; to rent; to hire out; -- often with out; as, to let a farm; to let a house; to let out horses. 6. To give, grant, or assign, as a work, privilege, or contract; -- often with out; as, to let the building of a bridge; to let out the lathing and the plastering. Note: The active form of the infinitive of let, as of many other English verbs, is often used in a passive sense; as, a house to let (i. e., for letting, or to be let). This form of expression conforms to the use of the Anglo-Saxon gerund with to (dative infinitive) which was commonly so employed. See Gerund, 2. \" Your elegant house in Harley Street is to let.\" Thackeray. In the imperative mood, before the first person plural, let has a hortative force. \" Rise up, let us go.\" Mark xiv. 42. \" Let us seek out some desolate shade.\" Shak. To let alone, to leave; to withdraw from; to refrain from interfering with. -- To let blood, to cause blood to flow; to bleed. -- To let down. (a) To lower. (b) To soften in tempering; as to let down tools, cutlery, and the like. -- To let drive or fly, to discharge with violence, as a blow, an arrow, or stone. See under Drive, and Fly. -- To let in or into. (a) To permit or suffer to enter; to admit. (b) To insert, or imbed, as a piece of wood, in a recess formed in a surface for the purpose. To let loose, to remove restraint from; to permit to wander at large. -- To let off (a) To discharge; to let fly, as an arrow; to fire the charge of, as a gun. (b) To release, as from an engagement or obligation. [Colloq.] To let out. (a) To allow to go forth; as, to let out a prisoner. (b) To extend or loosen, as the folds of a garment; to enlarge; to suffer to run out, as a cord. (c) To lease; to give out for performance by contract, as a job. (d) To divulge. -- To let slide, to let go; to cease to care for. [Colloq.] \" Let the world slide.\" Shak.\n\n1. To forbear. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. To be let or leased; as, the farm lets for $500 a year. See note under Left, v. i. To let on, to tell; to tattle; to divulge something. [Low] -- To let up, to become less severe; to diminish; to cease; as, when the storm lets up. [Colloq.]", "letter": "One who lets or permits; one who lets anything for hire.\n\nOne who retards or hinders. [Archaic.]\n\n1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of written language. And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. Luke xxiii. 38. 2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle. The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural. Walsh. 3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.] None could expound what this letter meant. Chaucer. 4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact signification or requirement. We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver. Jer. Taylor. I broke the letter of it to keep the sense. Tennyson. 5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of type. Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed. Evelyn. 6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters. 7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc. -- Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept. -- Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered. -- Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed. -- Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches. -- Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of in are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn. A strange lock that opens with AMEN. Beau. & Fl. -- Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper. -- Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type. -- Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person. -- Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney, Credit, etc. -- Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts. -- Letters close or clause (Eng. Law.), letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. Burrill. -- Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc. -- Letters patent, overt, or open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England. -- Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope. -- Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor. -- Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters.\n\nTo impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; as, a book gilt and lettered.", "letterbomb": null, @@ -43908,7 +38612,6 @@ "letterhead": null, "letterheads": null, "lettering": "1. The act or business of making, or marking with, letters, as by cutting or painting. 2. The letters made; as, the lettering of a sign.", - "letterman": null, "letterpress": "Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types; -- often used of the reading matter in distinction from the illustrations. Letterpress printing, printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates.", "letters": "One who lets or permits; one who lets anything for hire.\n\nOne who retards or hinders. [Archaic.]\n\n1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of written language. And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. Luke xxiii. 38. 2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle. The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural. Walsh. 3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.] None could expound what this letter meant. Chaucer. 4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact signification or requirement. We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver. Jer. Taylor. I broke the letter of it to keep the sense. Tennyson. 5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of type. Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed. Evelyn. 6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters. 7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc. -- Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept. -- Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered. -- Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed. -- Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches. -- Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of in are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn. A strange lock that opens with AMEN. Beau. & Fl. -- Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper. -- Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type. -- Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person. -- Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney, Credit, etc. -- Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts. -- Letters close or clause (Eng. Law.), letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. Burrill. -- Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc. -- Letters patent, overt, or open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England. -- Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope. -- Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor. -- Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters.\n\nTo impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; as, a book gilt and lettered.", "letting": null, @@ -43925,7 +38628,6 @@ "leukemics": null, "leukocyte": null, "leukocytes": null, - "levant": "Rising or having risen from rest; -- said of cattle. See Couchant and levant, under Couchant.\n\n1. The countries washed by the eastern part of the Mediterranean and its contiguous waters. 2. A levanter (the wind so called).\n\nEastern. [Obs.] Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.\n\nTo run away from one's debts; to decamp. [Colloq. Eng.] Thackeray.", "levee": "1. The act of rising. \" The sun's levee.\" Gray. 2. A morning assembly or reception of visitors, -- in distinction from a soirée, or evening assembly; a matinée; hence, also, any general or somewhat miscellaneous gathering of guests, whether in the daytime or evening; as, the president's levee. Note: In England a ceremonious day reception, when attended by both ladies and gentlemen, is called a drawing-room.\n\nTo attend the levee or levees of. He levees all the great. Young.\n\nAn embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the Mississippi; sometimes, the steep bank of a river. [U. S. ]\n\nTo keep within a channel by means of levees; as, to levee a river. [U. S.]", "levees": "1. The act of rising. \" The sun's levee.\" Gray. 2. A morning assembly or reception of visitors, -- in distinction from a soirée, or evening assembly; a matinée; hence, also, any general or somewhat miscellaneous gathering of guests, whether in the daytime or evening; as, the president's levee. Note: In England a ceremonious day reception, when attended by both ladies and gentlemen, is called a drawing-room.\n\nTo attend the levee or levees of. He levees all the great. Young.\n\nAn embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the Mississippi; sometimes, the steep bank of a river. [U. S. ]\n\nTo keep within a channel by means of levees; as, to levee a river. [U. S.]", "level": "1. A line or surface to which, at every point, a vertical or plumb line is perpendicular; a line or surface which is everywhere parallel to the surface of still water; -- this is the true level, and is a curve or surface in which all points are equally distant from the center of the earth, or rather would be so if the earth were an exact sphere. 2. A horizontal line or plane; that is, a straight line or a plane which is tangent to a true level at a given point and hence parallel to the horizon at that point; -- this is the apparent level at the given point. 3. An approximately horizontal line or surface at a certain degree of altitude, or distance from the center of the earth; as, to climb from the level of the coast to the l of the plateau and then descent to the level of the valley or of the sea. After draining of the level in Northamptonshire. Sir M. Hale. Shot from the deadly level of a gun. Shak. 4. Hence, figuratively, a certain position, rank, standard, degree, quality, character, etc., conceived of as in one of several planes of different elevation. Providence, for the most part, sets us on a level. Addison. Somebody there of his own level. Swift. Be the fair level of thy actions laid As temperance wills and prudence may persuade. Prior. 5. A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level surface; as, moving fluids seek a level. When merit shall find its level. F. W. Robertson. 6. (Mech. & Surv.) (a) An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to a horizontal line. (b) A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by means of a level; as, to take a level. 7. A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in mine. Air level, a spirit level. See Spirit level (below). -- Box level, a spirit level in which a glass-covered box is used instead of a tube. -- Garpenter's level, Mason's level, either the plumb level or a straight bar of wood, in which is imbedded a small spirit level. -- Level of the sea, the imaginary level from which heights and depths are calculated, taken at a mean distance between high and low water. -- Line of levels, a connected series of measurements, by means of a level, along a given line, as of a railroad, to ascertain the profile of the ground. -- Plumb level, one in which a horizontal bar is placed in true position by means of a plumb line, to which it is at right angles. -- Spirit level, one in which the adjustment to the horizon is shown by the position of a bubble in alcohol or ether contained in a nearly horizontal glass tube, or a circular box with a glass cover. -- Surveyor's level, a telescope, with a spirit level attached, and with suitable screws, etc., for accurate adjustment, the whole mounted on a tripod, for use in leveling; -- called also leveling instrument. -- Water level, an instrument to show the level by means the surface of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe.\n\n1. Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid parts of the earth's surface; as, a level field; level ground; the level surface of a pond or lake. Ample spaces o'er the smooth And level pavement. Milton. 2. Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal; as, the telescope is now level. 3. Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by with, sometimes by to. Young boys and girls Are level now with men; the odds is gone. Shak. Everything lies level to our wish. Shak. 4. Straightforward; direct; direct; clear; open. A very plain and level account. M. Arnold. 5. Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; as, a level head; a level understanding. [Colloq.] \" A level consideration.\" Shak. 6. (Phonetics) Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection. H. Sweet. Level line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a section which is horizontal crosswise, and parallel with the rabbet of the keel lengthwise. Level surface (Physics), an equipotential surface at right angles at every point to the lines of force.\n\n1. To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; as, to level a road, a walk, or a garden. 2. To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce to a flat surface; to lower. And their proud structures level with the ground. Sandys. He levels mountains and he raises plains. Dryden. 3. To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in taking aim; to aim; to direct. Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, leveled a quarrel out of a crossbow. Stow. 4. Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; as, to level all the ranks and conditions of men. 5. To adjust or adapt to a certain level; as, to level remarks to the capacity of children. For all his mind on honor fixed is, To which he levels all his purposes. Spenser.\n\n1. To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with, something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit. [Obs.] With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding. Shak. 2. To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind, or effort, directly to an object. The foeman may with as great aim level at the edge of a penknife. Shak. The glory of God and the good of his church . . . ought to be the mark whereat we also level. Hooker. She leveled at our purposes. Shak.", @@ -43946,36 +38648,25 @@ "levered": null, "levering": null, "levers": "More agreeable; more pleasing. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be lever than. See Had as lief, under Had.\n\nBather. [Obs.] Chaucer. For lever had I die than see his deadly face. Spenser.\n\n1. (Mech.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P. respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures. 2. (Mach.) (a) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it. (b) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it. Compound lever, a machine consisting of two or more levers acting upon each other. -- Lever escapement. See Escapement. -- Lever jack. See Jack, n., 5. -- Lever watch, a watch having a vibrating lever to connect the action of the escape wheel with that of the balance. Universal lever, a machine formed by a combination of a lever with the wheel and axle, in such a manner as to convert the reciprocating motion of the lever into a continued rectilinear motion of some body to which the power is applied.", - "levesque": null, - "levi": null, "leviathan": "1. An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and mentioned on other passages of Scripture. Note: It is not certainly known what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the whale, or some sort of serpent. 2. The whale, or a great whale. Milton.", "leviathans": "1. An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and mentioned on other passages of Scripture. Note: It is not certainly known what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the whale, or some sort of serpent. 2. The whale, or a great whale. Milton.", "levied": null, "levier": "One who levees. Cartwright.", "leviers": "One who levees. Cartwright.", "levies": null, - "levine": null, - "levis": null, "levitate": "To rise, or tend to rise, as if lighter than the surrounding medium; to become buoyant; -- opposed to gravitate. Sir. J. Herschel.\n\nTo make buoyant; to cause to float in the air; as, to levitate a table. [Cant]", "levitated": null, "levitates": "To rise, or tend to rise, as if lighter than the surrounding medium; to become buoyant; -- opposed to gravitate. Sir. J. Herschel.\n\nTo make buoyant; to cause to float in the air; as, to levitate a table. [Cant]", "levitating": null, "levitation": "1. Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light. Paley. 2. The act or process of making buoyant.", - "leviticus": "The third canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the laws and regulations relating to the priests and Levites among the Hebrews, or the body of the ceremonial law.", - "levitt": null, "levity": "1. The quality of weighing less than something else of equal bulk; relative lightness, especially as shown by rising through, or floating upon, a contiguous substance; buoyancy; -- opposed to gravity. He gave the form of levity to that which ascended; to that which descended, the form of gravity. Sir. W. Raleigh. This bubble by reason of its comparative levity to the fluidity that incloses it, would ascend to the top. Bentley. 2. Lack of gravity and earnestness in deportment or character; trifling gayety; frivolity; sportiveness; vanity. \" A spirit of levity and libertinism.\" Atterbury. He never employed his omnipotence out of levity. Calamy. 3. Lack of steadiness or constancy; disposition to change; fickleness; volatility. The levity that is fatigued and disgusted with everything of which it is in possession. Burke. Syn. -- Inconstancy; thoughtlessness; unsteadiness; inconsideration; volatility; flightiness. -- Levity, Volatility, Flightiness. All these words relate to outward conduct. Levity springs from a lightness of mind which produces a disregard of the proprieties of time and place.Volatility is a degree of levity which causes the thoughts to fly from one object to another, without resting on any for a moment. Flightiness is volatility carried to an extreme which often betrays its subject into gross impropriety or weakness. Levity of deportment, of conduct, of remark; volatility of temper, of spirits; flightiness of mind or disposition.", "levy": "A name formerly given in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia to the Spanish real of one eight of a dollar (or 12\n\n1. The act of levying or collecting by authority; as, the levy of troops, taxes, etc. A levy of all the men left under sixty. Thirlwall. 2. That which is levied, as an army, force, tribute, etc. \" The Irish levies.\" Macaulay. 3. (Law) The taking or seizure of property on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution. Levy in mass Etym: [F. levée en masse], a requisition of all able-bodied men for military service.\n\n1. To raise, as a siege. [Obs.] Holland. 2. To raise; to collect; said of troops, to form into an army by enrollment, conscription. etc. Augustine . . . inflamed Ethelbert, king of Kent, to levy his power, and to war against them. Fuller. 3. To raise or collect by assessment; to exact by authority; as, to levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions. If they do this . . . my ransom, then, Will soon be levied. Shak. 4. (Law) (a) To gather or exact; as, to levy money. (b) To erect, build, or set up; to make or construct; to raise or cast up; as, to levy a mill, dike, ditch, a nuisance, etc. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. (c) To take or seize on execution; to collect by execution. To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements. Blackstone. -- To levy war, to make or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack.\n\nTo seize property, real or personal, or subject it to the operation of an execution; to make a levy; as, to levy on property; the usual mode of levying, in England, is by seizing the goods. To levy on goods and chattels, to take into custody or seize specific property in satisfaction of a writ.", "levying": null, - "lew": "Lukewarm; tepid. [Obs.] Wyclif.", "lewd": "1. Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple. [Obs.] For if priest be foul, on whom we trust, No wonder is a lewed man to rust. Chaucer. So these great clerks their little wisdom show To mock the lewd, as learn'd in this as they. Sit. J. Davies. 2. Belonging to the lower classes, or the rabble; idle and lawless; bad; vicious. [Archaic] Chaucer. But the Jews, which believed not, . . . took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, . . . and assaulted the house of Jason. Acts xvii. 5. Too lewd to work, and ready for any kind of mischief. Southey . 3. Given to the promiscuous indulgence of lust; dissolute; lustful; libidinous. Dryden. 4. Suiting, or proceeding from, lustfulness; involving unlawful sexual desire; as, lewd thoughts, conduct, or language. Syn. -- Lustful; libidinous; licentious; profligate; dissolute; sensual; unchaste; impure; lascivious; lecherous; rakish; debauched. -- Lewd\"ly, adv. -- Lewd\"ness, n.", "lewder": null, "lewdest": null, "lewdly": null, "lewdness": null, - "lewinsky": null, - "lewis": "1. An iron dovetailed tenon, made in sections, which can be fitted into a dovetail mortise; -- used in hoisting large stones, etc. 2. A kind of shears used in cropping woolen cloth. Lewis hole, a hole wider at the bottom than at the mouth, into which a lewis is fitted. De Foe.", - "lewiston": null, - "lewisville": null, "lexer": null, "lexers": null, "lexical": "Of or pertaining to a lexicon, to lexicography, or words; according or conforming to a lexicon. -- Lex\"ic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -43986,15 +38677,8 @@ "lexicography": "The art, process, or occupation of making a lexicon or dictionary; the principles which are applied in making dictionaries.", "lexicon": "A vocabulary, or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language or of a considerable number of them, with the definition of each; a dictionary; especially, a dictionary of the Greek, Hebrew, or Latin language.", "lexicons": "A vocabulary, or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language or of a considerable number of them, with the definition of each; a dictionary; especially, a dictionary of the Greek, Hebrew, or Latin language.", - "lexington": null, "lexis": null, - "lexus": null, "lg": null, - "lgbt": null, - "lhasa": null, - "lhasas": null, - "lhotse": null, - "li": "1. Chinese measure of distance, being a little more that one third of a mile. 2. A Chinese copper coin; a cash. See Cash.", "liabilities": null, "liability": "1. The state of being liable; as, the liability of an insurer; liability to accidents; liability to the law. 2. That which one is under obligation to pay, or for which one is liable. Specifically, in the pl., the sum of one's pecuniary obligations; -- opposed to assets. Limited liability. See Limited company, under Limited.", "liable": "1. Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable; as, the surety is liable for the debt of his principal. 2. Exposed to a certain contingency or casualty, more or less probable; -- with to and an infinitive or noun; as, liable to slip; liable to accident. Syn. -- Accountable; responsible; answerable; bound; subject; obnoxious; exposed. -- Liable, Subject. Liable refers to a future possible or probable happening which may not actually occur; as, horses are liable to slip; even the sagacious are liable to make mistakes. Subject refers to any actual state or condition belonging to the nature or circumstances of the person or thing spoken of, or to that which often befalls one. One whose father was subject to attacks of the gout is himself liable to have that disease. Men are constantly subject to the law, but liable to suffer by its infraction. Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. Milton. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.", @@ -44004,7 +38688,6 @@ "liaising": null, "liaison": "A union, or bond of union; an intimacy; especially, an illicit intimacy between a man and a woman.", "liaisons": "A union, or bond of union; an intimacy; especially, an illicit intimacy between a man and a woman.", - "liaoning": null, "liar": "A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies.", "liars": "A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies.", "lib": "To castrate. [Obs.]", @@ -44012,7 +38695,6 @@ "libations": "The act of pouring a liquid or liquor, usually wine, either on the ground or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity; also, the wine or liquid thus poured out. Dryden. A heathen sacrifice or libation to the earth. Bacon.", "libber": null, "libbers": null, - "libby": null, "libel": "1. A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. A libel of forsaking [divorcement]. Wyclif (Matt. v. 31). 2. Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire. 3. (Law) A malicious publication expressed either in print or in writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is indictable at common law. Note: The term, in a more extended sense, includes the publication of such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are indictable at common law. 4. (Law) The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication. 5. (Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty) A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the relief he seeks.\n\n1. To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon. Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair. Pope. 2. (Law) To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a ship or goods.\n\nTo spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against. [Obs.] What's this but libeling against the senate Shak. [He] libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne.", "libeled": null, "libeler": "One who libels. [Written also libeller.] \" Libelers of others.\" Buckkminster.", @@ -44020,7 +38702,6 @@ "libeling": null, "libelous": "Containing or involving a libel; defamatory; containing that which exposes some person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule; as, a libelous pamphlet. [Written also libellous.] -- Li\"bel*ous*ly, adv.", "libels": "1. A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. A libel of forsaking [divorcement]. Wyclif (Matt. v. 31). 2. Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire. 3. (Law) A malicious publication expressed either in print or in writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is indictable at common law. Note: The term, in a more extended sense, includes the publication of such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are indictable at common law. 4. (Law) The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication. 5. (Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty) A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the relief he seeks.\n\n1. To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon. Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair. Pope. 2. (Law) To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a ship or goods.\n\nTo spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against. [Obs.] What's this but libeling against the senate Shak. [He] libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne.", - "liberace": null, "liberal": "1. Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined; noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; as, a liberal ancestry; a liberal spirit; liberal arts or studies. \" Liberal education.\" Macaulay. \" A liberal tongue.\" Shak. 2. Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous; bounteous; open-handed; as, a liberal giver. \" Liberal of praise.\" Bacon. Infinitely good, and of his good As liberal and free as infinite. Milton. 3. Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse; as, a liberal gift; a liberal discharge of matter or of water. His wealth doth warrant a liberal dower. Shak. 4. Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal sense; free; as, a liberal translation of a classic, or a liberal construction of law or of language. 5. Not narrow or contracted in mind; not selfish; enlarged in spirit; catholic. 6. Free to excess; regardless of law or moral restraint; licentious. \" Most like a liberal villain.\" Shak. 7. Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative; friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; as, liberal thinkers; liberal Christians; the Liberal party. I confess I see nothing liberal in this \" order of thoughts,\" as Hobbes elsewhere expresses it. Hazlitt. Note: Liberal has of, sometimes with, before the thing bestowed, in before a word signifying action, and to before a person or object on which anything is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal with money; liberal in giving; liberal to the poor. The liberal arts. See under Art. -- Liberal education, education that enlarges and disciplines the mind and makes it master of its own powers, irrespective of the particular business or profession one may follow. Syn. -- Generous; bountiful; munificent; beneficent; ample; large; profuse; free. -- Liberal, Generous. Liberal is freeborn, and generous is highborn. The former is opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The latter expresses that nobleness of soul which is peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank, -- a spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoyment in consulting the feelings and happiness of others. Generosity is measured by the extent of the sacrifices it makes; liberality, by the warmth of feeling which it manifests.\n\nOne who favors greater freedom in political or religious matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. Whig.", "liberalism": "Liberal principles; the principles and methods of the liberals in politics or religion; specifically, the principles of the Liberal party.", "liberality": "1. The quality or state of being liberal; liberal disposition or practice; freedom from narrowness or prejudice; generosity; candor; charity. That liberality is but cast away Which makes us borrow what we can not pay. Denham. 2. A gift; a gratuity; -- sometimes in the plural; as, a prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities.", @@ -44040,9 +38721,6 @@ "liberation": "The act of liberating or the state of being liberated. This mode of analysis requires perfect liberation from all prejudged system. Pownall.", "liberator": "One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer.", "liberators": "One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer.", - "liberia": null, - "liberian": null, - "liberians": null, "libertarian": "Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.\n\nOne who holds to the doctrine of free will.", "libertarians": "Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.\n\nOne who holds to the doctrine of free will.", "liberties": null, @@ -44053,23 +38731,15 @@ "libidinous": "Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness; sensual; lascivious. -- Li*bid\"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Li*bid\"i*nous*ness, n. Syn. -- Lewd; lustful; lascivious; unchaste; impure; sensual; licentious; lecherous; salacious.", "libido": null, "libidos": null, - "libra": "(a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus libra in almanacs, etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio.", "librarian": "1. One who has the care or charge of a library. 2. One who copies manuscript books. [Obs.] Broome.", "librarians": "1. One who has the care or charge of a library. 2. One who copies manuscript books. [Obs.] Broome.", "librarianship": "The office of a librarian.", "libraries": null, "library": "1. A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as merchandise; as, a private library; a public library. 2. A building or apartment appropriated for holding such a collection of books. Holland.", - "libras": "(a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus libra in almanacs, etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio.", - "libreoffice": null, "librettist": "One who makes a libretto.", "librettists": "One who makes a libretto.", "libretto": "(a) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music. (b) The words themselves.", "librettos": "(a) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music. (b) The words themselves.", - "libreville": null, - "librium": null, - "libya": null, - "libyan": "Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole.", - "libyans": "Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole.", "lice": "pl. of Louse.", "license": "1. Authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; especially, a formal permission from the proper authorities to perform certain acts or to carry on a certain business, which without such permission would be illegal; a grant of permission; as, a license to preach, to practice medicine, to sell gunpowder or intoxicating liquors. To have a license and a leave at London to dwell. P. Plowman. 2. The document granting such permission. Addison. 3. Excess of liberty; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum; disregard of law or propriety. License they mean when they cry liberty. Milton. 4. That deviation from strict fact, form, or rule, in which an artist or writer indulges, assuming that it will be permitted for the sake of the advantage or effect gained; as, poetic license; grammatical license, etc. Syn. -- Leave; liberty; permission.\n\nTo permit or authorize by license; to give license to; as, to license a man to preach. Milton. Shak.", "licensed": "Having a license; permitted or authorized by license; as, a licensed victualer; a licensed traffic. Licensed victualer, one who has a license to keep an in or eating house; esp., a victualer who has a license to sell intoxicating liquors.", @@ -44084,7 +38754,6 @@ "licentiousness": null, "lichen": "1. (Bot.) One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called rock moss or tree moss. Note: A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor the Schwendener hypothesis), is that they are not autonomous plants, but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on algæ. Each lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one living at the expense of the other. See Hyphæ, and Gonidia. 2. (Med.) A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion.", "lichens": "1. (Bot.) One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called rock moss or tree moss. Note: A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor the Schwendener hypothesis), is that they are not autonomous plants, but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on algæ. Each lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one living at the expense of the other. See Hyphæ, and Gonidia. 2. (Med.) A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion.", - "lichtenstein": null, "licit": "Lawful. \"Licit establishments.\" Carlyle. -- Lic\"it*ly, adv. -- Lic\"it*ness, n.", "licitly": null, "lick": "1. To draw or pass the tongue over; as, a dog licks his master's hand. Addison. 2. To lap; to take in with the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk. Shak. To lick the dust, to be slain; to fall in battle. \"His enemies shall lick the dust.\" Ps. lxxii. 9. -- To lick into shape, to give proper form to; -- from a notion that the bear's cubs are born shapeless and subsequently formed by licking. Hudibras. -- To lick the spittle of, to fawn upon. South. -- To lick up, to take all of by licking; to devour; to consume entirely. Shak. Num. xxii. 4.\n\n1. A stroke of the tongue in licking. \"A lick at the honey pot.\" Dryden. 2. A quick and careless application of anything, as if by a stroke of the tongue, or of something which acts like a tongue; as, to put on colors with a lick of the brush. Also, a small quantity of any substance so applied. [Colloq.] A lick of court white wash. Gray. 3. A place where salt is found on the surface of the earth, to which wild animals resort to lick it up; -- often, but not always, near salt springs. [U. S.]\n\nTo strike with repeated blows for punishment; to flog; to whip or conquer, as in a pugilistic encounter. [Colloq. or Low] Carlyle. Thackeray.\n\nA slap; a quick stroke.[Colloq.] \"A lick across the face.\" Dryden.", @@ -44096,17 +38765,11 @@ "licorices": "1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza (G. glabra), the root of which abounds with a juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions. 2. The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and medicinal purposes. Licorice fern (Bot.), a name of several kinds of polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor. -- Licorice sugar. (Chem.) See Glycyrrhizin. -- Licorice weed (Bot.), the tropical plant Scapania aulcis. -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium alpinum), found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish perennial rootstock. -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) (a) The North American perennial herb Glycyrrhiza lepidota. (b) Certain broad-leaved cleavers (Galium circæzans and G. lanceolatum). (c) The leguminous climber Abrus precatorius, whose scarlet and black seeds are called black-eyed Susans. Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra).", "lid": "1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk. 2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid. Shak. Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid. Byron. 3. (Bot.) (a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses. (b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti. (c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.", "lidded": "Covered with a lid. Keats.", - "lidia": null, "lidless": "Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes; hence, sleepless; watchful. A lidless watcher of the public weal. Tennyson.", "lido": null, "lidos": null, "lids": "1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk. 2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid. Shak. Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid. Byron. 3. (Bot.) (a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses. (b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti. (c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.", "lie": "See Lye.\n\n1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive. It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road. Paley. 2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth. Dryden. 3. Anything which misleads or disappoints. Wishing this lie of life was o'er. Trench. To give the lie to. (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave him the lie. (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give the lie to his words. -- White lie, a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling. Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception. -- lie, Untruth. A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a lie. Every lie is an untruth, but not every untruth is a lie. Cf. Falsity.\n\nTo utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.\n\n1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down, when predicated of living creatures; as, the book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin. The watchful traveler . . . Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes. Dryden. 2. To be situated; to occupy a certain place; as, Ireland lies west of England; the meadows lie along the river; the ship lay in port. 3. To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not lie smooth on the wall. 4. To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist; -- with in. Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances. Collier. He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen. Locke. 5. To lodge; to sleep. Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I lay one night only. Evelyn. Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night. Dickens. 6. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest. The wind is loud and will not lie. Shak. 7. (Law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained. \"An appeal lies in this case.\" Parsons. Note: Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs lay and lie. Lay is a transitive verb, and has for its preterit laid; as, he told me to lay it down, and I laid it down. Lie is intransitive, and has for its preterit lay; as, he told me to lie down, and I lay down. Some persons blunder by using laid for the preterit of lie; as, he told me to lie down, and I laid down. So persons often say incorrectly, the ship laid at anchor; they laid by during the storm; the book was laying on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay, and not of lie. To lie along the shore (Naut.), to coast, keeping land in sight. -- To lie at the door of, to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame, etc., lies at your door. -- To lie at the heart, to be an object of affection, desire, or anxiety. Sir W. Temple. -- To lie at the mercy of, to be in the power of. -- To lie by. (a) To remain with; to be at hand; as, he has the manuscript lying by him. (b) To rest; to intermit labor; as, we lay by during the heat of the day. -- To lie hard or heavy, to press or weigh; to bear hard. -- To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young. -- To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to. \"As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.\" Rom. xii. 18. -- To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment. -- To lie in wait , to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush. -- To lie on or upon. (a) To depend on; as, his life lies on the result. (b) To bear, rest, press, or weigh on. -- To lie low, to remain in concealment or inactive. [Slang] -- To lie on hand, To lie on one's hands, to remain unsold or unused; as, the goods are still lying on his hands; they have too much time lying on their hands. -- To lie on the head of, to be imputed to. What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shak. -- To lie over. (a) To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due, as a note in bank. (b) To be deferred to some future occasion, as a resolution in a public deliberative body. -- To lie to (Naut.), to stop or delay; especially, to head as near the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. To bring to, under Bring. -- To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by. -- To lie with. (a) To lodge or sleep with. (b) To have sexual intercourse with. (c) To belong to; as, it lies with you to make amends.\n\nThe position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land or country. J. H. Newman. He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the lie of the country on the side towards Thrace. Jowett (Thucyd.).", - "lieberman": null, - "liebfraumilch": null, - "liechtenstein": null, - "liechtensteiner": null, - "liechtensteiners": null, "lied": "A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson, and the Italian canzone, all three being national. The German Lied is perhaps the most faithful reflection of the national sentiment. Grove.", "lieder": null, "lief": "Same as Lif.\n\n1. Dear; beloved. [Obs., except in poetry.] \"My liefe mother.\" Chaucer. \"My liefest liege.\" Shak. As thou art lief and dear. Tennyson. 2. Note: (Used with a form of the verb to be, and the dative of the personal pronoun.) Pleasing; agreeable; acceptable; preferable. [Obs.] See Lief, adv., and Had as lief, under Had. Full lief me were this counsel for to hide. Chaucer. Death me liefer were than such despite. Spenser. 3. Willing; disposed. [Obs.] I am not lief to gab. Chaucer. He up arose, however lief or loth. Spenser.\n\nA dear one; a sweetheart. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nGladly; willingly; freely; -- now used only in the phrases, had as lief, and would as lief; as, I had, or would, as lief go as not. All women liefest would Be sovereign of man's love. Gower. I had as lief the town crier spoke my lines. Shak. Far liefer by his dear hand had I die. Tennyson. Note: The comparative liefer with had or would, and followed by the infinitive, either with or without the sign to, signifies prefer, choose as preferable, would or had rather. In the 16th century rather was substituted for liefer in such constructions in literary English, and has continued to be generally so used. See Had as lief, Had rather, etc. , under Had.", @@ -44118,7 +38781,6 @@ "liens": "of Lie. See lain. Ps. lxviii. 13.\n\nA legal claim; a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty; a right in one to control or hold and retain the property of another until some claim of the former is paid or satisfied.", "lies": "See Lye.\n\n1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive. It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road. Paley. 2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth. Dryden. 3. Anything which misleads or disappoints. Wishing this lie of life was o'er. Trench. To give the lie to. (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave him the lie. (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give the lie to his words. -- White lie, a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling. Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception. -- lie, Untruth. A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a lie. Every lie is an untruth, but not every untruth is a lie. Cf. Falsity.\n\nTo utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.\n\n1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down, when predicated of living creatures; as, the book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin. The watchful traveler . . . Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes. Dryden. 2. To be situated; to occupy a certain place; as, Ireland lies west of England; the meadows lie along the river; the ship lay in port. 3. To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not lie smooth on the wall. 4. To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist; -- with in. Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances. Collier. He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen. Locke. 5. To lodge; to sleep. Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I lay one night only. Evelyn. Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night. Dickens. 6. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest. The wind is loud and will not lie. Shak. 7. (Law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained. \"An appeal lies in this case.\" Parsons. Note: Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs lay and lie. Lay is a transitive verb, and has for its preterit laid; as, he told me to lay it down, and I laid it down. Lie is intransitive, and has for its preterit lay; as, he told me to lie down, and I lay down. Some persons blunder by using laid for the preterit of lie; as, he told me to lie down, and I laid down. So persons often say incorrectly, the ship laid at anchor; they laid by during the storm; the book was laying on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay, and not of lie. To lie along the shore (Naut.), to coast, keeping land in sight. -- To lie at the door of, to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame, etc., lies at your door. -- To lie at the heart, to be an object of affection, desire, or anxiety. Sir W. Temple. -- To lie at the mercy of, to be in the power of. -- To lie by. (a) To remain with; to be at hand; as, he has the manuscript lying by him. (b) To rest; to intermit labor; as, we lay by during the heat of the day. -- To lie hard or heavy, to press or weigh; to bear hard. -- To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young. -- To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to. \"As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.\" Rom. xii. 18. -- To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment. -- To lie in wait , to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush. -- To lie on or upon. (a) To depend on; as, his life lies on the result. (b) To bear, rest, press, or weigh on. -- To lie low, to remain in concealment or inactive. [Slang] -- To lie on hand, To lie on one's hands, to remain unsold or unused; as, the goods are still lying on his hands; they have too much time lying on their hands. -- To lie on the head of, to be imputed to. What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shak. -- To lie over. (a) To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due, as a note in bank. (b) To be deferred to some future occasion, as a resolution in a public deliberative body. -- To lie to (Naut.), to stop or delay; especially, to head as near the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. To bring to, under Bring. -- To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by. -- To lie with. (a) To lodge or sleep with. (b) To have sexual intercourse with. (c) To belong to; as, it lies with you to make amends.\n\nThe position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land or country. J. H. Newman. He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the lie of the country on the side towards Thrace. Jowett (Thucyd.).", "lieu": "Place; room; stead; -- used only in the phrase in lieu of, that is, instead of. The plan of extortion had been adopted in lieu of the scheme of confiscation. Burke.", - "lieut": null, "lieutenancy": "1. The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant. 2. The body of lieutenants or subordinates. [Obs.] The list of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton.", "lieutenant": "1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty. The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God. Abp. Bramhall. 2. (a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain. (b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander. (c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander. Note: Lieutenant is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant-general; lieutenant colonel, or lieutenant-colonel; lieutenant governor, etc. Deputy lieutenant, the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county. [Eng.] -- Lieutenant colonel, an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel. -- Lieutenant commander, an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant. -- Lieutenant general. See in Vocabulary. -- Lieutenant governor. (a) An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor. [U. S.] (b) A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. [Eng.]", "lieutenants": "1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty. The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God. Abp. Bramhall. 2. (a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain. (b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander. (c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander. Note: Lieutenant is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant-general; lieutenant colonel, or lieutenant-colonel; lieutenant governor, etc. Deputy lieutenant, the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county. [Eng.] -- Lieutenant colonel, an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel. -- Lieutenant commander, an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant. -- Lieutenant general. See in Vocabulary. -- Lieutenant governor. (a) An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor. [U. S.] (b) A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. [Eng.]", @@ -44153,7 +38815,6 @@ "lifetimes": "The time that life continues.", "lifework": null, "lifeworks": null, - "lifo": null, "lift": "The sky; the atmosphere; the firmament. [Obs. or Scot.]\n\n1. To move in a direction opposite to that of gravitation; to raise; to elevate; to bring up from a lower place to a higher; to upheave; sometimes implying a continued support or holding in the higher place; -- said of material things; as, to lift the foot or the hand; to lift a chair or a burden. 2. To raise, elevate, exalt, improve, in rank, condition, estimation, character, etc.; -- often with up. The Roman virtues lift up mortal man. Addison. Lest, being lifted up with pride. I Tim. iii. 6. 3. To bear; to support. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. To collect, as moneys due; to raise. 5. Etym: [Perh. a different word, and akin to Goth. hliftus thief, hlifan to steal, L. clepere, Gr. Shoplifter.] To steal; to carry off by theft (esp. cattle); as, to lift a drove of cattle. Note: In old writers, lift is sometimes used for lifted. He ne'er lift up his hand but conquered. Shak. To lift up, to raise or elevate; in the Scriptures, specifically, to elevate upon the cross. John viii. 28. -- To lift up the eyes. To look up; to raise the eyes, as in prayer. Ps. cxxi. 1. -- To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one's relief. Ps. lxxiv. 3. -- To lift up the hand. (a) To take an oath. Gen. xiv. 22. (b) To pray. Ps. xxviii. 2. (c) To engage in duty. Heb. xii. 12. -- To lift up the hand against, to rebel against; to assault; to attack; to injure; to oppress. Job xxxi. 21. -- To lift up one's head, to cause one to be exalted or to rejoice. Gen. xl. 13. Luke xxi. 28. -- To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence or unkindness. John xiii.18. -- To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out. Gen. xxi. 16.\n\n1. To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing. Strained by lifting at a weight too heavy. Locke. 2. To rise; to become or appear raised or elevated; as, the fog lifts; the land lifts to a ship approaching it. 3. Etym: [See Lift, v. t., 5.] To live by theft. Spenser.\n\n1. Act of lifting; also, that which is lifted. 2. The space or distance through which anything is lifted; as, a long lift. Bacon. 3. Help; assistance, as by lifting; as, to give one a lift in a wagon. [Colloq.] The goat gives the fox a lift. L'Estrange. 4. That by means of which a person or thing lifts or is lifted; as: (a) A hoisting machine; an elevator; a dumb waiter. (b) An exercising machine. 5. A rise; a degree of elevation; as, the lift of a lock in canals. 6. A lift gate. See Lift gate, below. [Prov. Eng.] 7. (Naut.) A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below; -- used for raising or supporting the end of the yard. 8. (Mach.) One of the steps of a cone pulley. 9. (Shoemaking) A layer of leather in the heel. 10. (Horology) That portion of the vibration of a balance during which the impulse is given. Saunier. Dead lift. See under Dead. Swift. -- Lift bridge, a kind of drawbridge, the movable part of which is lifted, instead of being drawn aside. -- Lift gate, a gate that is opened by lifting. -- Lift hammer. See Tilt hammer. -- Lift lock, a canal lock. -- Lift pump, a lifting pump. -- Lift tenter (Windmills), a governor for regulating the speed by adjusting the sails, or for adjusting the action of grinding machinery according to the speed. -- Lift wall (Canal Lock), the cross wall at the head of the lock.", "lifted": null, "lifter": "1. One who, or that which, lifts. 2. (Founding) A tool for lifting loose sand from the mold; also, a contrivance attached to a cope, to hold the sand together when the cope is lifted.", @@ -44229,33 +38890,18 @@ "likest": null, "likewise": "In like manner; also; moreover; too. See Also. Go, and do thou likewise. Luke x. 37. For he seeth that wise men die; likewise the fool and the brutish person perish. Ps. xlix. 10.", "liking": "Looking; appearing; as, better or worse liking. See Like, to look. [Obs.] Chaucer. Why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your sort Dan. i. 10.\n\n1. The state of being pleasing; a suiting. See On liking, below. [Obs. or Prov. End.] 2. The state of being pleased with, or attracted toward, some thing or person; hence, inclination; desire; pleasure; preference; -- often with for, formerly with to; as, it is an amusement I have no liking for. If the human intellect hath once taken a liking to any doctrine, . . . it draws everything else into harmony with that doctrine, and to its support. Bacon. 3. Appearance; look; figure; state of body as to health or condition. [Archaic] I shall think the worse of fat men, as long as I have an eye to make difference of men's liking. Shak. Their young ones are in good liking. Job. xxxix. 4. On liking, on condition of being pleasing to or suiting; also, on condition of being pleased with; as, to hold a place of service on liking; to engage a servant on liking. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line . . . to be a king on liking and on sufferance Hazlitt.", - "lila": null, "lilac": "1. (Bot.) A shrub of the genus Syringa. There are six species, natives of Europe and Asia. Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac, and S. Persica, the Persian lilac, are frequently cultivated for the fragrance and beauty of their purplish or white flowers. In the British colonies various other shrubs have this name. 2. A light purplish color like that of the flower of the purplish lilac. California lilac (Bot.), a low shrub with dense clusters of purplish flowers (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus).", "lilacs": "1. (Bot.) A shrub of the genus Syringa. There are six species, natives of Europe and Asia. Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac, and S. Persica, the Persian lilac, are frequently cultivated for the fragrance and beauty of their purplish or white flowers. In the British colonies various other shrubs have this name. 2. A light purplish color like that of the flower of the purplish lilac. California lilac (Bot.), a low shrub with dense clusters of purplish flowers (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus).", - "lilia": null, - "lilian": null, - "liliana": null, "lilies": null, - "lilith": null, - "liliuokalani": null, - "lille": null, - "lillian": null, - "lillie": null, - "lilliput": null, "lilliputian": "1. One belonging to a very diminutive race described in Swift's \"Voyage to Lilliput.\" 2. Hence: A person or thing of very small size.\n\n1. Of or having to the imaginary island of Lilliput described by Swift, or to its inhabitants. 2. Hence: Of very small size; diminutive; dwarfed.", - "lilliputians": "1. One belonging to a very diminutive race described in Swift's \"Voyage to Lilliput.\" 2. Hence: A person or thing of very small size.\n\n1. Of or having to the imaginary island of Lilliput described by Swift, or to its inhabitants. 2. Hence: Of very small size; diminutive; dwarfed.", - "lilly": null, "lilo": null, - "lilongwe": null, "lilos": null, "lilt": "1. To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop. [Prov. Eng.] Wordsworth. 2. To sing cheerfully. [Scot.]\n\nTo utter with spirit, animation, or gayety; to sing with spirit and liveliness. A classic lecture, rich in sentiment, With scraps of thundrous epic lilted out By violet-hooded doctors. Tennyson.\n\n1. Animated, brisk motion; spirited rhythm; sprightliness. The movement, the lilt, and the subtle charm of the verse. F. Harrison. 2. A lively song or dance; a cheerful tune. The housewife went about her work, or spun at her wheel, with a lilt upon her lips. J. C. Shairp.", "lilted": null, "lilting": null, "lilts": "1. To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop. [Prov. Eng.] Wordsworth. 2. To sing cheerfully. [Scot.]\n\nTo utter with spirit, animation, or gayety; to sing with spirit and liveliness. A classic lecture, rich in sentiment, With scraps of thundrous epic lilted out By violet-hooded doctors. Tennyson.\n\n1. Animated, brisk motion; spirited rhythm; sprightliness. The movement, the lilt, and the subtle charm of the verse. F. Harrison. 2. A lively song or dance; a cheerful tune. The housewife went about her work, or spun at her wheel, with a lilt upon her lips. J. C. Shairp.", "lily": "1. (Bot.) A plant and flower of the genus Lilium, endogenous bulbous plants, having a regular perianth of six colored pieces, six stamens, and a superior three-celled ovary. Note: There are nearly fifty species, all found in the North Temperate zone. Lilium candidum and L. longiflorum are the common white lilies of gardens; L. Philadelphicum is the wild red lily of the Atlantic States. L. Chalcedonicum is supposed to be the \"lily of the field\" in our Lord's parable; L. auratum is the great gold-banded lily of Japan. 2. (Bot.) A name given to handsome flowering plants of several genera, having some resemblance in color or form to a true lily, as Pancratium, Crinum, Amaryllis, Nerine, etc. 3. That end of a compass needle which should point to the north; -- so called as often ornamented with the figure of a lily or fleur-de- lis. But sailing further, it veers its lily to the west. Sir T. Browne. African lily (Bot.), the blue-flowered Agapanthus umbellatus. -- Atamasco lily (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zephyranthes (Z. Atamasco), having a white and pink funnelform perianth, with six petal-like divisions resembling those of a lily. Gray. -- Blackberry lily (Bot.), the Pardanthus Chinensis, the black seeds of which form a dense like a blackberry. -- Bourbon lily (Bot.), Lilium candidum. See Illust. -- Butterfly lily. (Bot.) Same as Mariposa lily, in the Vocabulary. -- Lily daffodil (Bot.), a plant of the genus Narcissus, and its flower. -- Lily encrinite (Paleon.), a fossil encrinite, esp. Encrinus liliiformis. See Encrinite. -- Lily hyacinth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hyacinthus. -- Lily iron, a kind of harpoon with a detachable head of peculiar shape, used in capturing swordfish. -- Lily of the valley (Bot.), a low perennial herb (Convallaria majalis), having a raceme of nodding, fragrant, white flowers. -- Lily pad, the large floating leaf of the water lily. [U. S.] Lowell. -- Tiger lily (Bot.), Lilium tigrinum, the sepals of which are blotched with black. -- Turk's-cap lily (Bot.) Lilium Martagon, a red lily with recurved sepals; also, the similar American lily, L. superbum. -- Water lily (Bot.), the Nymphæa, a plant with floating roundish leaves, and large flowers having many petals, usually white, but sometimes pink, red, blue, or yellow. [See Illust. of Nymphæa.]", - "lima": "The capital city of Peru, in South America. Lima bean. (Bot.) (a) A variety of climbing or pole bean (Phaseolus lunatus), which has very large flattish seeds. (b) The seed of this plant, much used for food. -- Lima wood (Bot.), the beautiful dark wood of the South American tree Cæsalpinia echinata.", "limb": "1. A part of a tree which extends from the trunk and separates into branches and twigs; a large branch. 2. An arm or a leg of a human being; a leg, arm, or wing of an animal. A second Hector for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his strong-knit limbs. Shak. 3. A thing or person regarded as a part or member of, or attachment to, something else. Shak. That little limb of the devil has cheated the gallows. Sir W. Scott. 4. An elementary piece of the mechanism of a lock. Limb of the law, a lawyer or an officer of the law. [Colloq.] Landor.\n\n1. To supply with limbs. [R.] Milton. 2. To dismember; to tear off the limbs of.\n\nA border or edge, in certain special uses. (a) (Bot.) The border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corolla, or of a petal, or sepal; blade. (b) (Astron.) The border or edge of the disk of a heavenly body, especially of the sun and moon. (c) The graduated margin of an arc or circle, in an instrument for measuring angles.", - "limbaugh": null, "limber": "1. pl. The shafts or thills of a wagon or carriage. [Prov. Eng.] 2. (Mil.) The detachable fore part of a gun carriage, consisting of two wheels, an axle, and a shaft to which the horses are attached. On top is an ammunition box upon which the cannoneers sit. 3. pl. (Naut.) Gutters or conduits on each side of the keelson to afford a passage for water to the pump well. Limber boards (Naut.), short pieces of plank forming part of the lining of a ship's floor immediately above the timbers, so as to prevent the limbers from becoming clogged. -- Limber box or chest (Mil.), a box on the limber for carrying ammunition. -- Limber rope, Limber chain or Limber clearer (Naut.), a rope or chain passing through the limbers of a ship, by which they may be cleared of dirt that chokes them. Totten. -- Limber strake (Shipbuilding), the first course of inside planking next the keelson.\n\nTo attach to the limber; as, to limber a gun. To limber up, to change a gun carriage into a four-wheeled vehicle by attaching the limber.\n\nEasily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding. Milton. The bargeman that doth row with long and limber oar. Turbervile.\n\nTo cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant. Richardson.", "limbered": null, "limbering": null, @@ -44265,7 +38911,6 @@ "limbo": "1. (Scholastic Theol.) An extramundane region where certain classes of souls were supposed to await the judgment. As far from help as Limbo is from bliss. Shak. A Limbo large and broad, since called The Paradise of fools. Milton. Note: The limbus patrum was considered as a place for the souls of good men who lived before the coming of our Savior. The limbus infantium was said to be a similar place for the souls of unbaptized infants. To these was added, in the popular belief, the limbus fatuorum, or fool's paradise, regarded as a receptacle of all vanity and nonsense. 2. Hence: Any real or imaginary place of restraint or confinement; a prison; as, to put a man in limbo. 3. (Anat.) A border or margin; as, the limbus of the cornea. Etym: Jamaican E limba to bend, fr. E. limber (1950)]. Often performed at celebrations, such as weddings. (1950-1996)", "limbos": "1. (Scholastic Theol.) An extramundane region where certain classes of souls were supposed to await the judgment. As far from help as Limbo is from bliss. Shak. A Limbo large and broad, since called The Paradise of fools. Milton. Note: The limbus patrum was considered as a place for the souls of good men who lived before the coming of our Savior. The limbus infantium was said to be a similar place for the souls of unbaptized infants. To these was added, in the popular belief, the limbus fatuorum, or fool's paradise, regarded as a receptacle of all vanity and nonsense. 2. Hence: Any real or imaginary place of restraint or confinement; a prison; as, to put a man in limbo. 3. (Anat.) A border or margin; as, the limbus of the cornea. Etym: Jamaican E limba to bend, fr. E. limber (1950)]. Often performed at celebrations, such as weddings. (1950-1996)", "limbs": "1. A part of a tree which extends from the trunk and separates into branches and twigs; a large branch. 2. An arm or a leg of a human being; a leg, arm, or wing of an animal. A second Hector for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his strong-knit limbs. Shak. 3. A thing or person regarded as a part or member of, or attachment to, something else. Shak. That little limb of the devil has cheated the gallows. Sir W. Scott. 4. An elementary piece of the mechanism of a lock. Limb of the law, a lawyer or an officer of the law. [Colloq.] Landor.\n\n1. To supply with limbs. [R.] Milton. 2. To dismember; to tear off the limbs of.\n\nA border or edge, in certain special uses. (a) (Bot.) The border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corolla, or of a petal, or sepal; blade. (b) (Astron.) The border or edge of the disk of a heavenly body, especially of the sun and moon. (c) The graduated margin of an arc or circle, in an instrument for measuring angles.", - "limburger": "A soft cheese made in the Belgian province of Limburg (Limbourg), and usually not eaten until the curing has developed a peculiar and, to most people, unpleasant odor.", "lime": "A thong by which a dog is led; a leash. Halliwell.\n\nThe linden tree. See Linden.\n\nA fruit allied to the lemon, but much smaller; also, the tree which bears it. There are two kinds; Citrus Medica, var. acida which is intensely sour, and the sweet lime (C. Medica, var. Limetta) which is only slightly sour.\n\n1. Birdlime. Like the lime That foolish birds are caught with. Wordsworth. 2. (Chem.) Oxide of calcium; the white or gray, caustic substance, usually called quicklime, obtained by calcining limestone or shells, the heat driving off carbon dioxide and leaving lime. It develops great heat when treated with water, forming slacked lime, and is an essential ingredient of cement, plastering, mortar, etc.CaO Note: Lime is the principal constituent of limestone, marble, chalk, bones, shells, etc. Caustic lime, calcium hydrate or slacked lime; also, in a less technical sense, calcium oxide or quicklime. -- Lime burner, one who burns limestone, shells, etc., to make lime. -- Lime light. See Calcium light under Calcium. -- Lime pit, a limestone quarry. -- Lime rod, Lime twig, a twig smeared with birdlime; hence, that which catches; a snare. Chaucer.\n\n1. To smear with a viscous substance, as birdlime. These twigs, in time, will come to be limed. L'Estrange. 2. To entangle; to insnare. We had limed ourselves With open eyes, and we must take the chance. Tennyson. 3. To treat with lime, or oxide or hydrate of calcium; to manure with lime; as, to lime hides for removing the hair; to lime sails in order to whiten them. Land may be improved by draining, marling, and liming. Sir J. Child. 4. To cement. \"Who gave his blood to lime the stones together.\" Shak.", "limeade": null, "limeades": null, @@ -44297,9 +38942,7 @@ "limning": "The act, process, or art of one who limns; the picture or decoration so produced. Adorned with illumination which we now call limning. Wood.", "limns": "1. To draw or paint; especially, to represent in an artistic way with pencil or brush. Let a painter carelessly limn out a million of faces, and you shall find them all different. Sir T. Browne. 2. To illumine, as books or parchments, with ornamental figures, letters, or borders.", "limo": null, - "limoges": "A city of Southern France. Limoges enamel, a kind of enamel ware in which the enamel is applied to the whole surface of a metal plaque, vase, or the like, and painted in enamel colors. The art was brought to a high degree of perfection in Limoges in the 16th century. -- Limoges ware. (a) Articles decorated with Limoges enamel. (b) Articles of porcelain, etc., manufactured at Limoges.", "limos": null, - "limousin": null, "limousine": "An automobile body with seats and permanent top like a coupé, and with the top projecting over the driver and a projecting front; also, an automobile with such a body.", "limousines": "An automobile body with seats and permanent top like a coupé, and with the top projecting over the driver and a projecting front; also, an automobile with such a body.", "limp": "To halt; to walk lamely. Also used figuratively. Shak.\n\nA halt; the act of limping.\n\nA scraper for removing poor ore or refuse from the sieve.\n\n1. Flaccid; flabby, as flesh. Walton. 2. Lacking stiffness; flimsy; as, a limp cravat.", @@ -44315,24 +38958,13 @@ "limping": null, "limply": null, "limpness": "The quality or state of being limp.", - "limpopo": null, "limps": "To halt; to walk lamely. Also used figuratively. Shak.\n\nA halt; the act of limping.\n\nA scraper for removing poor ore or refuse from the sieve.\n\n1. Flaccid; flabby, as flesh. Walton. 2. Lacking stiffness; flimsy; as, a limp cravat.", "limy": "1. Smeared with, or consisting of, lime; viscous. \"Limy snares.' Spenser. 2. Containing lime; as, a limy soil. 3. Resembling lime; having the qualities of lime.", - "lin": "To yield; to stop; to cease. [Obs. or Scot.] Marsion.\n\n1. A pool or collection of water, particularly one above or below a fall of water. 2. A waterfall, or cataract; as, a roaring lin. 3. A steep ravine. Note: Written also linn and lyn.", - "lina": null, "linage": "See Lineage. [Obs.] Holland.", "linchpin": "A pin used to prevent the wheel of a vehicle from sliding off the axletree.", "linchpins": "A pin used to prevent the wheel of a vehicle from sliding off the axletree.", - "lincoln": null, - "lincolns": null, - "lind": "The linden. See Linden. Chaucer.", - "linda": null, - "lindbergh": null, "linden": "(a) A handsome tree (Tilia Europæa), having cymes of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves. The tree is common in Europe. (b) In America, the basswood, or Tilia Americana.", "lindens": "(a) A handsome tree (Tilia Europæa), having cymes of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves. The tree is common in Europe. (b) In America, the basswood, or Tilia Americana.", - "lindsay": null, - "lindsey": null, - "lindy": null, "line": "1. Flax; linen. [Obs.] \"Garments made of line.\" Spenser. 2. The longer and fiber of flax.\n\n1. To cover the inner surface of; as, to line a cloak with silk or fur; to line a box with paper or tin. The inside lined with rich carnation silk. W. Browne. 2. To put something in the inside of; to fill; to supply, as a purse with money. The charge amounteth very high for any one man's purse, except lined beyond ordinary, to reach unto. Carew. Till coffee has her stomach lined. Swift. 3. To place persons or things along the side of for security or defense; to strengthen by adding; to fortify; as, to line works with soldiers. Line and new repair our towns of war With men of courage and with means defendant. Shak. 4. To impregnate; -- applied to brute animals. Creech. Lined gold, gold foil having a lining of another metal.\n\n1. linen thread or string; a slender, strong cord; also, a cord of any thickness; a rope; a hawser; as, a fishing line; a line for snaring birds; a clothesline; a towline. Who so layeth lines for to latch fowls. Piers Plowman. 2. A more or less threadlike mark of pen, pencil, or graver; any long mark; as, a chalk line. 3. The course followed by anything in motion; hence, a road or route; as, the arrow descended in a curved line; the place is remote from lines of travel. 4. Direction; as, the line sight or vision. 5. A row of letters, words, etc., written or printed; esp., a row of words extending across a page or column. 6. A short letter; a note; as, a line from a friend. 7. (Poet.) A verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet, according to the measure. In the preceding line Ulysses speaks of Nausicaa. Broome. 8. Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy; method of argument; department of industry, trade, or intellectual activity. He is uncommonly powerful in his own line, but it is not the line of a first-rate man. Coleridge. 9. (Math.) That which has length, but not breadth or thickness. 10. The exterior limit of a figure, plat, or territory; boundary; contour; outline. Eden stretched her line From Auran eastward to the royal towers Of great Seleucia. Milton. 11. A threadlike crease marking the face or the hand; hence, characteristic mark. Though on his brow were graven lines austere. Byron. He tipples palmistry, and dines On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleveland. 12. Lineament; feature; figure. \"The lines of my boy's face.\" Shak. 13. A straight row; a continued series or rank; as, a line of houses, or of soldiers; a line of barriers. Unite thy forces and attack their lines. Dryden. 14. A series or succession of ancestors or descand ants of a given person; a family or race; as, the ascending or descending line; the line of descent; the male line; a line of kings. Of his lineage am I, and his offspring By very line, as of the stock real. Chaucer. 15. A connected series of public conveyances, and hence, an established arrangement for forwarding merchandise, etc. ; as, a line of stages; an express line. 16. (Geog.) (a) A circle of latitude or of longitude, as represented on a map. (b) The equator; -- usually called the line, or equinoctial line; as, to cross the line. 17. A long tape, or a narrow ribbon of steel, etc., marked with subdivisions, as feet and inches, for measuring; a tapeline. 18. (Script.) (a) A measuring line or cord. He marketh it out with a line. Is. xliv. 13. (b) That which was measured by a line, as a field or any piece of land set apart; hence, allotted place of abode. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yes. I have a goodly heritage. Ps. xvi. 6. (c) Instruction; doctrine. Their line is gone out through all the earth. Ps. xix. 4. 19. (Mach.) The proper relative position or adjustment of parts, not as to design or proportion, but with reference to smooth working; as, the engine is in line or out of line or out of line. 20. The track and roadbed of a railway; railroad. 21. (Mil.) (a) A row of men who are abreast of one another, whether side by side or some distance apart; -- opposed to column. (b) The regular infantry of an army, as distinguished from militia, guards, volunteer corps, cavalry, artillery, etc. 22. (Fort.) (a) A trench or rampart. (b) pl. Dispositions made to cover extended positions, and presenting a front in but one direction to an enemy. 23. pl. (Shipbuilding) form of a vessel as shown by the outlines of vertical, horizontal, and obique sections. 24. (Mus.) One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed. 25. (Stock Exchange) A number of shares taken by a jobber. 26. (Trade) A series of various qualities and values of the same general class of articles; as, a full line of hosiery; a line of merinos, etc. McElrath. 27. The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, or the whole of a system of telegraph wires under one management and name. 28. pl. The reins with which a horse is guided by his driver. [U. S.] 29. A measure of length; one twelfth of an inch. Hard lines, hard lot. C. Kingsley. [See Def. 18.] -- Line breeding (Stockbreeding), breeding by a certain family line of descent, especially in the selection of the dam or mother. -- Line conch (Zoöl.), a spiral marine shell (Fasciolaria distans), of Florida and the West Indies. It is marked by narrow, dark, revolving lines. -- Line engraving. (a) Engraving in which the effects are produced by lines of different width and closeness, cut with the burin upon copper or similar material; also, a plate so engraved. (b) A picture produced by printing from such an engraving. -- Line of battle. (a) (Mil Tactics) The position of troops drawn up in their usual order without any determined maneuver. (b) (Naval) The line or arrangement formed by vessels of war in an engagement. -- Line of battle ship. See Ship of the line, below. -- Line of beauty (Fine Arts),an abstract line supposed to be beautiful in itself and absolutely; -- differently represented by different authors, often as a kind of elongated S (like the one drawn by Hogarth). -- Line of centers. (Mach.) (a) A line joining two centers, or fulcra, as of wheels or levers. (b) A line which determines a dead center. See Dead center, under Dead. -- Line of dip (Geol.), a line in the plane of a stratum, or part of a stratum, perpendicular to its intersection with a horizontal plane; the line of greatest inclination of a stratum to the horizon. -- Line of fire (Mil.), the direction of fire. -- Line of force (Physics), any line in a space in which forces are acting, so drawn that at every point of the line its tangent is the direction of the resultant of all the forces. It cuts at right angles every equipotential surface which it meets. Specifically (Magnetism), a line in proximity to a magnet so drawn that any point in it is tangential with the direction of a short compass needle held at that point. Faraday. -- Line of life (Palmistry), a line on the inside of the hand, curving about the base of the thumb, supposed to indicate, by its form or position, the length of a person's life. -- Line of lines. See Gunter's line. -- Line of march. (Mil.) (a) Arrangement of troops for marching. (b) Course or direction taken by an army or body of troops in marching. -- Line of operations, that portion of a theater of war which an army passes over in attaining its object. H. W. Halleck. -- Line of sight (Firearms), the line which passes through the front and rear sight, at any elevation, when they are sighted at an object. -- Line tub (Naut.), a tub in which the line carried by a whaleboat is coiled. -- Mason and Dixon's line, the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, as run before the Revolution (1764-1767) by two English astronomers named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. In an extended sense, the line between the free and the slave States. -- On the line, on a level with the eye of the spectator; -- said of a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures. -- Right line a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures. -- Right line, a straight line; the shortest line that can be drawn between two points. -- Ship of the line, formerly, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle; a vessel superior to a frigate; usually, a seventy-four, or three-decker; -- called also line of battle ship. Totten. -- To cross the line, to cross the equator, as a vessel at sea. -- To give a person line, to allow him more or less liberty until it is convenient to stop or check him, like a hooked fish that swims away with the line. -- Water line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a horizontal section of a vessel, as when floating in the water.\n\n1. To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; as, to line a copy book. He had a healthy color in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety. Dickens. 2. To represent by lines; to delineate; to portray. [R.] \"Pictures fairest lined.\" Shak. 3. To read or repeat line by line; as, to line out a hymn. This custom of reading or lining, or, as it was frequently called \"deaconing' the hymn or psalm in the churches, was brought about partly from necessity. N. D. Gould. 4. To form into a line; to align; as, to line troops. To line bees, to track wild bees to their nest by following their line of flight. -- To line up (Mach.), to put in alignment; to put in correct adjustment for smooth running. See 3d Line, 19.", "lineage": "Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage. Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet. Spenser.", "lineages": "Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage. Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet. Spenser.", @@ -44393,12 +39025,10 @@ "links": "A tract of ground laid out for the game of golf; a golfing green. A second links has recently been opened at Prestwick, and another at Troon, on the same coast. P. P. Alexander.", "linkup": null, "linkups": null, - "linnaeus": null, "linnet": "Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera Linota, Acanthis, and allied genera, esp. the common European species (L. cannabina), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also gray linnet, red linnet, rose linnet, brown linnet, lintie, lintwhite, gorse thatcher, linnet finch, and greater redpoll. The American redpoll linnet (Acanthis linaria) often has the crown and throat rosy. See Redpoll, and Twite. Green linnet (Zoöl.), the European green finch.", "linnets": "Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera Linota, Acanthis, and allied genera, esp. the common European species (L. cannabina), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also gray linnet, red linnet, rose linnet, brown linnet, lintie, lintwhite, gorse thatcher, linnet finch, and greater redpoll. The American redpoll linnet (Acanthis linaria) often has the crown and throat rosy. See Redpoll, and Twite. Green linnet (Zoöl.), the European green finch.", "lino": null, "linoleum": "1. Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the purposes to which India rubber has been applied. 2. A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed with ground cork on a canvas backing.", - "linotype": "(a) A kind of typesetting machine which produces castings, each of which corresponds to a line of separate types. By pressing upon keys like those of a typewriter the matrices for one line are properly arranged; the stereotype, or slug, is then cast and planed, and the matrices are returned to their proper places, the whole process being automatic. (b) The slug produced by the machine, or matter composed in such lines. --Lin\"o*typ`ist (#), n.", "linseed": "The seeds of flax, from which linseed oil is obtained. [Written also lintseed.] Linseed cake, the solid mass or cake which remains when oil is expressed. -- Linseed meal, linseed cake reduced to powder. -- Linseed oil, oil obtained by pressure from flaxseed.", "lint": "1. Flax. 2. Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down, fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics. Lint doctor (Calico-printing Mach.), a scraper to remove lint from a printing cylinder.", "linted": null, @@ -44407,15 +39037,9 @@ "lintier": null, "lintiest": null, "linting": null, - "linton": null, "lints": "1. Flax. 2. Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down, fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics. Lint doctor (Calico-printing Mach.), a scraper to remove lint from a printing cylinder.", "linty": null, - "linus": null, - "linux": null, - "linuxes": null, - "linwood": null, "lion": "1. (Zoöl.) A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail. The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker, and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called the maneless lion, the male has only a slight mane. 2. (Astron.) A sign and a constellation; Leo. 3. An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time. Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man. Prof. Wilson. American lion (Zoöl.), the puma or cougar. -- Lion ant (Zoöl.), the ant-lion. -- Lion dog (Zoöl.), a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually clipped to resemble a lion's mane. -- Lion lizard (Zoöl.), the basilisk. -- Lion's share, all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; -- from Æsop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey.", - "lionel": "The whelp of a lioness; a young lion.", "lioness": "A female lion.", "lionesses": null, "lionhearted": null, @@ -44428,23 +39052,18 @@ "lip": "1. One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. Thine own lips testify against thee. Jeb xv. 6. 2. An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel. 3. The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger. 4. (Bot.) (a) One of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corolla. (b) The odd and peculiar petal in the Orchis family. See Orchidaceous. 5. (Zoöl.) One of the edges of the aperture of a univalve shell. Lip bit, a pod auger. See Auger. -- Lip comfort, comfort that is given with words only. -- Lip comforter, one who comforts with words only. -- Lip labor, unfelt or insincere speech; hypocrisy. Bale. -- Lip reading, the catching of the words or meaning of one speaking by watching the motion of his lips without hearing his voice. Carpenter. -- Lip salve, a salve for sore lips. -- Lip service, expression by the lips of obedience and devotion without the performance of acts suitable to such sentiments. -- Lip wisdom, wise talk without practice, or unsupported by experience. -- Lip work. (a) Talk. (b) Kissing. [Humorous] B. Jonson. -- Lip make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt. Shak. -- To shoot out the lip (Script.), to show contempt by protruding the lip.\n\n1. To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss. The bubble on the wine which breaks Before you lip the glass. Praed. A hand that kings Have lipped and trembled kissing. Shak. 2. To utter; to speak. [R.] Keats.\n\nTo clip; to trim. [Obs.] Holland.", "lipid": null, "lipids": null, - "lipizzaner": null, "liposuction": null, "lipped": "1. Having a lip or lips; having a raised or rounded edge resembling the lip; -- often used in composition; as, thick-lipped, thin-lipped, etc. 2. (Bot.) Labiate.", - "lippi": null, - "lippmann": null, "lippy": null, "lipread": null, "lipreader": null, "lipreading": null, "lipreads": null, "lips": "1. One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. Thine own lips testify against thee. Jeb xv. 6. 2. An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel. 3. The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger. 4. (Bot.) (a) One of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corolla. (b) The odd and peculiar petal in the Orchis family. See Orchidaceous. 5. (Zoöl.) One of the edges of the aperture of a univalve shell. Lip bit, a pod auger. See Auger. -- Lip comfort, comfort that is given with words only. -- Lip comforter, one who comforts with words only. -- Lip labor, unfelt or insincere speech; hypocrisy. Bale. -- Lip reading, the catching of the words or meaning of one speaking by watching the motion of his lips without hearing his voice. Carpenter. -- Lip salve, a salve for sore lips. -- Lip service, expression by the lips of obedience and devotion without the performance of acts suitable to such sentiments. -- Lip wisdom, wise talk without practice, or unsupported by experience. -- Lip work. (a) Talk. (b) Kissing. [Humorous] B. Jonson. -- Lip make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt. Shak. -- To shoot out the lip (Script.), to show contempt by protruding the lip.\n\n1. To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss. The bubble on the wine which breaks Before you lip the glass. Praed. A hand that kings Have lipped and trembled kissing. Shak. 2. To utter; to speak. [R.] Keats.\n\nTo clip; to trim. [Obs.] Holland.", - "lipscomb": null, "lipstick": null, "lipsticked": null, "lipsticking": null, "lipsticks": null, - "lipton": null, "liq": null, "liquefaction": "1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; especially, the conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat. 2. The state of being liquid. 3. (Chem. Physics) The act, process, or method, of reducing a gas or vapor to a liquid by cold or pressure; as, the liquefaction of oxygen or hydrogen.", "liquefied": null, @@ -44476,8 +39095,6 @@ "liquors": "1. Any liquid substance, as water, milk, blood, sap, juice, or the like. 2. Specifically, alcoholic or spirituous fluid, either distilled or fermented, as brandy, wine, whisky, beer, etc. 3. (Pharm.) A solution of a medicinal substance in water; -- distinguished from tincture and aqua. Note: The U. S. Pharmacopoeia includes, in this class of preparations, all aqueous solutions without sugar, in which the substance acted on is wholly soluble in water, excluding those in which the dissolved matter is gaseous or very volatile, as in the aquæ or waters. U. S. Disp. Labarraque's liquor (Old Chem.), a solution of an alkaline hypochlorite, as sodium hypochlorite, used in bleaching and as a disinfectant. -- Liquor of flints, or Liquor silicum (Old Chem.), soluble glass; - - so called because formerly made from powdered flints. See Soluble glass, under Glass. -- Liquor of Libavius. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Liquor sanguinis (, (Physiol.), the blood plasma. -- Liquor thief, a tube for taking samples of liquor from a cask through the bung hole. -- To be in liquor, to be intoxicated.\n\n1. To supply with liquor. [R.] 2. To grease. [Obs.] Bacon. Liquor fishermen's boots. Shak.", "lira": "An Italian coin equivalent in value to the French franc.", "lire": null, - "lisa": null, - "lisbon": "A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon, in Portugal.", "lisle": "A city of France celebrated for certain manufactures. Lisle glove, a fine summer glove, made of Lisle thread. -- Lisle lace, a fine handmade lace, made at Lisle. -- Lisle thread, a hard twisted cotton thread, originally produced at Lisle.", "lisp": "1. To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z the sound of th; -- a defect common among children. 2. To speak with imperfect articulation; to mispronounce, as a child learning to talk. As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame, I lisped in numbers came. Pope. 3. To speak hesitatingly with a low voice, as if afraid. Lest when my lisping, guilty tongue should halt. Drayton.\n\n1. To pronounce with a lisp. 2. To utter with imperfect articulation; to express with words pronounced imperfectly or indistinctly, as a child speaks; hence, to express by the use of simple, childlike language. To speak unto them after their own capacity, and to lispe words unto them according as the babes and children of that age might sound them again. Tyndale. 3. To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or confidentially; as, to lisp treason.\n\nThe habit or act of lisping. See Lisp, v. i., 1. I overheard her answer, with a very pretty lisp, \"O! Strephon, you are a dangerous creature.\" Tatler.", "lisped": null, @@ -44485,7 +39102,6 @@ "lispers": "One who lisps.", "lisping": null, "lisps": "1. To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z the sound of th; -- a defect common among children. 2. To speak with imperfect articulation; to mispronounce, as a child learning to talk. As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame, I lisped in numbers came. Pope. 3. To speak hesitatingly with a low voice, as if afraid. Lest when my lisping, guilty tongue should halt. Drayton.\n\n1. To pronounce with a lisp. 2. To utter with imperfect articulation; to express with words pronounced imperfectly or indistinctly, as a child speaks; hence, to express by the use of simple, childlike language. To speak unto them after their own capacity, and to lispe words unto them according as the babes and children of that age might sound them again. Tyndale. 3. To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or confidentially; as, to lisp treason.\n\nThe habit or act of lisping. See Lisp, v. i., 1. I overheard her answer, with a very pretty lisp, \"O! Strephon, you are a dangerous creature.\" Tatler.", - "lissajous": null, "lissome": "1. Limber; supple; flexible; lithe; lithesome. Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand. Tennyson. 2. Light; nimble; active. Halliwell. -- Lis\"some*ness, n.", "list": "A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, in the plural (lists), the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Chaucer. In measured lists to toss the weighty lance. Pope. To enter the lists, to accept a challenge, or engage in contest.\n\nTo inclose for combat; as, to list a field.\n\nTo hearken; to attend; to listen. [Obs. except in poetry.] Stand close, and list to him. Shak.\n\nTo listen or hearken to. Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain, If with too credent ear you list his songs. Shak.\n\n1. To desire or choose; to please. The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii. 8. Them that add to the Word of God what them listeth. Hooker. Let other men think of your devices as they list. Whitgift. 2. (Naut.) To lean; to incline; as, the ship lists to port.\n\n1. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Naut.) An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to starboard.\n\n1. A strip forming the woven border or selvedge of cloth, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it; hence, a strip of cloth; a fillet. \" Gartered with a red and blue list. \" Shak. 2. A limit or boundary; a border. The very list, the very utmost bound, Of all our fortunes. Shak. 3. The lobe of the ear; the ear itself. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. A stripe. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 5. A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate. He was the ablest emperor of all the list. Bacon. 6. (Arch.) A little square molding; a fillet; -- called also listel. 7. (Carp.) A narrow strip of wood, esp. sapwood, cut from the edge of a plank or board. 8. (Rope Making) A piece of woolen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a workman. 9. (Tin-plate Manuf.) (a) The first thin coat of tin. (b) A wirelike rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated. Civil list (Great Britain & U.S.), the civil officers of government, as judges, ambassadors, secretaries, etc. Hence, the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers. More recently, the civil list, in England, embraces only the expenses of the reigning monarch's household. Free list. (a) A list of articles admitted to a country free of duty. (b) A list of persons admitted to any entertainment, as a theater or opera, without payment, or to whom a periodical, or the like, is furnished without cost. Syn. -- Roll; catalogue; register; inventory; schedule. -- List, Boll, Catalogue, Register, Inventory, Schedule. Alist is properly a simple series of names, etc., in a brief form, such as might naturally be entered in a narrow strip of paper. A roll was originally a list containing the names of persons belonging to a public body (as Parliament, etc.), which was rolled up and laid aside among its archives. A catalogue is a list of persons or things arranged in order, and usually containing some description of the same, more or less extended. A register is designed for record or preservation. An inventory is a list of articles, found on hand in a store of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or under similar circumstances. A schedule is a formal list or inventory prepared for legal or business purposes.\n\n1. To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colors, or form a border. Sir H. Wotton. 2. To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as, to list a door; to stripe as if with list. The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom. Tennyson. 3. To enroll; to place or register in a list. Listed among the upper serving men. Milton. 4. To engage, as a soldier; to enlist. I will list you for my soldier. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Carp.) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; as, to list a board. To list a stock (Stock Exchange), to put it in the list of stocks called at the meeting of the board.\n\nTo engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.", "listed": null, @@ -44496,17 +39112,13 @@ "listeners": "One who listens; a hearkener.", "listening": null, "listens": "1. To give close attention with the purpose of hearing; to give ear; to hearken; to attend. When we have occasion to listen, and give a more particular attention to same sound, the tympanum is drawn to a more than ordinary tension. Holder. 2. To give heed; to yield to advice; to follow admonition; to obey. Listen to me, and by me be ruled. Tennyson. To listen after, to take an interest in. [Obs.] Soldiers note forts, armories, and magazines; scholars listen after libraries, disputations, and professors. Fuller. Syn. -- To attend; hearken. See Attend.\n\nTo attend to. [Obs.] Shak.", - "lister": "A spear armed with three or more prongs, for striking fish. [Scotland]\n\nOne who makes a list or roll.\n\nSame as Leister.", "listeria": null, - "listerine": null, "listing": "1. The act or process of one who lists (in any sense of the verb); as, the listing of a door; the listing of a stock at the Stock Exchange. 2. The selvedge of cloth; list. 3. (Carp.) The sapwood cut from the edge of a board. 4. (Agric.) The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in the culture of beets and some garden crops. [Local, U. S.]", "listings": "1. The act or process of one who lists (in any sense of the verb); as, the listing of a door; the listing of a stock at the Stock Exchange. 2. The selvedge of cloth; list. 3. (Carp.) The sapwood cut from the edge of a board. 4. (Agric.) The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in the culture of beets and some garden crops. [Local, U. S.]", "listless": "Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. \" A listless unconcern.\" Thomson. Benumbed with cold, and listless of their gain. Dryden. I was listless, and desponding. Swift. Syn. -- Heedless; careless; indifferent; vacant; uninterested; languid; spiritless; supine; indolent. -- List\"less*ly, adv. -- List\"less*ness, n.", "listlessly": null, "listlessness": null, - "liston": null, "lists": "A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, in the plural (lists), the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Chaucer. In measured lists to toss the weighty lance. Pope. To enter the lists, to accept a challenge, or engage in contest.\n\nTo inclose for combat; as, to list a field.\n\nTo hearken; to attend; to listen. [Obs. except in poetry.] Stand close, and list to him. Shak.\n\nTo listen or hearken to. Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain, If with too credent ear you list his songs. Shak.\n\n1. To desire or choose; to please. The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii. 8. Them that add to the Word of God what them listeth. Hooker. Let other men think of your devices as they list. Whitgift. 2. (Naut.) To lean; to incline; as, the ship lists to port.\n\n1. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Naut.) An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to starboard.\n\n1. A strip forming the woven border or selvedge of cloth, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it; hence, a strip of cloth; a fillet. \" Gartered with a red and blue list. \" Shak. 2. A limit or boundary; a border. The very list, the very utmost bound, Of all our fortunes. Shak. 3. The lobe of the ear; the ear itself. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. A stripe. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 5. A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate. He was the ablest emperor of all the list. Bacon. 6. (Arch.) A little square molding; a fillet; -- called also listel. 7. (Carp.) A narrow strip of wood, esp. sapwood, cut from the edge of a plank or board. 8. (Rope Making) A piece of woolen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a workman. 9. (Tin-plate Manuf.) (a) The first thin coat of tin. (b) A wirelike rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated. Civil list (Great Britain & U.S.), the civil officers of government, as judges, ambassadors, secretaries, etc. Hence, the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers. More recently, the civil list, in England, embraces only the expenses of the reigning monarch's household. Free list. (a) A list of articles admitted to a country free of duty. (b) A list of persons admitted to any entertainment, as a theater or opera, without payment, or to whom a periodical, or the like, is furnished without cost. Syn. -- Roll; catalogue; register; inventory; schedule. -- List, Boll, Catalogue, Register, Inventory, Schedule. Alist is properly a simple series of names, etc., in a brief form, such as might naturally be entered in a narrow strip of paper. A roll was originally a list containing the names of persons belonging to a public body (as Parliament, etc.), which was rolled up and laid aside among its archives. A catalogue is a list of persons or things arranged in order, and usually containing some description of the same, more or less extended. A register is designed for record or preservation. An inventory is a list of articles, found on hand in a store of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or under similar circumstances. A schedule is a formal list or inventory prepared for legal or business purposes.\n\n1. To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colors, or form a border. Sir H. Wotton. 2. To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as, to list a door; to stripe as if with list. The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom. Tennyson. 3. To enroll; to place or register in a list. Listed among the upper serving men. Milton. 4. To engage, as a soldier; to enlist. I will list you for my soldier. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Carp.) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; as, to list a board. To list a stock (Stock Exchange), to put it in the list of stocks called at the meeting of the board.\n\nTo engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.", - "liszt": null, "lit": ", a form of the imp. & p. p. of Light.", "litanies": null, "litany": "A solemn form of supplication in the public worship of various churches, in which the clergy and congregation join, the former leading and the latter responding in alternate sentences. It is usually of a penitential character. Supplications . . . for the appeasing of God's wrath were of the Greek church termed litanies, and rogations of the Latin. Hooker.", @@ -44545,9 +39157,6 @@ "lithography": "The art or process of putting designs or writing, with a greasy material, on stone, and of producing printed impressions therefrom. The process depends, in the main, upon the antipathy between grease and water, which prevents a printing ink containing oil from adhering to wetted parts of the stone not covered by the design. See Lithographic limestone, under Lithographic.", "lithosphere": "(a) The solid earth as distinguished from its fluid envelopes, the hydrosphere and atmosphere. (b) The outer part of the solid earth, the portion undergoing change through the gradual transfer of material by volcanic eruption, the circulation of underground water, and the process of erosion and deposition. It is, therefore, regarded as a third mobile envelope comparable with the hydrosphere and atmosphere.", "lithospheres": "(a) The solid earth as distinguished from its fluid envelopes, the hydrosphere and atmosphere. (b) The outer part of the solid earth, the portion undergoing change through the gradual transfer of material by volcanic eruption, the circulation of underground water, and the process of erosion and deposition. It is, therefore, regarded as a third mobile envelope comparable with the hydrosphere and atmosphere.", - "lithuania": null, - "lithuanian": "Of or pertaining to Lithuania (formerly a principality united with Poland, but now Russian and Prussian territory).\n\nA native, or one of the people, of Lithuania; also, the language of the Lithuanian people.", - "lithuanians": "Of or pertaining to Lithuania (formerly a principality united with Poland, but now Russian and Prussian territory).\n\nA native, or one of the people, of Lithuania; also, the language of the Lithuanian people.", "litigant": "Disposed to litigate; contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit; as, the parties litigant. Ayliffe.\n\nA person engaged in a lawsuit.", "litigants": "Disposed to litigate; contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit; as, the parties litigant. Ayliffe.\n\nA person engaged in a lawsuit.", "litigate": "To make the subject of a lawsuit; to contest in law; to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and judicial debate in a court; as, to litigate a cause.\n\nTo carry on a suit by judicial process.", @@ -44575,7 +39184,6 @@ "littleness": "The state or quality of being little; as, littleness of size, thought, duration, power, etc. Syn. -- Smallness; slightness; inconsiderableness; narrowness; insignificance; meanness; penuriousness.", "littler": null, "littlest": null, - "litton": null, "littoral": "1. Of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea. 2. (Biol.) Inhabiting the seashore, esp. the zone between high-water and low-water mark.", "littorals": "1. Of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea. 2. (Biol.) Inhabiting the seashore, esp. the zone between high-water and low-water mark.", "liturgical": "Pertaining to, of or the nature of, a liturgy; of or pertaining to public prayer and worship. T. Warton.", @@ -44604,10 +39212,6 @@ "liveried": "Wearing a livery. See Livery, 3. The liveried servants wait. Parnell.", "liveries": null, "liverish": null, - "livermore": null, - "liverpool": null, - "liverpudlian": null, - "liverpudlians": null, "livers": "1. One who, or that which, lives. And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior. 2. A resident; a dweller; as, a liver in Brooklyn. 3. One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed by an adjective); as, a free liver. Fast liver, one who lives in an extravagant and dissipated way. -- Free liver, Good liver, one given to the pleasures of the table. -- Loose liver, a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life.\n\nA very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates. Note: Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side. See Bile, Digestive, and Glycogen. The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of cæcal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates. Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering. -- Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown. -- Liver shark (Zoöl.), a very large shark (Cetorhinus maximus), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also basking shark, bone shark, hoemother, homer, and sailfish. -- Liver spots, yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma.\n\nThe glossy ibis (Ibis falcinellus); -- said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool.", "liverwort": "1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also squirrel cups. 2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond. Note: From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticæ) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiaceæ. See Illust. of Hepatica.", "liverworts": "1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also squirrel cups. 2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond. Note: From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticæ) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiaceæ. See Illust. of Hepatica.", @@ -44619,33 +39223,16 @@ "livest": null, "livestock": null, "liveware": null, - "livia": null, "livid": "Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion. Cowper. There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon.", "lividly": null, "living": "1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature. 2. Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle. \" Living hope. \" Wyclif. 3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living spring; -- opposed to stagnant. 4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. \" Living light.\" Shak. 5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live. Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden. Living force. See Vis viva, under Vis. -- Living gale (Naut.), a heavy gale. Living rock or stone, rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. \" I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the living rock.\" Moore. -- The living, those who are alive, or one who is alive.\n\n1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence. \"Health and living.\" Shak. 2. Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest living. \" A vicious living.\" Chaucer. 3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate. She can spin for her living. Shak. He divided unto them his living. Luke xv. 12. 4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably. There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases. L' Estrange. 5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives. [Eng.] He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay. Livng room, the room most used by the family.", "livings": "1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature. 2. Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle. \" Living hope. \" Wyclif. 3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living spring; -- opposed to stagnant. 4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. \" Living light.\" Shak. 5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live. Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden. Living force. See Vis viva, under Vis. -- Living gale (Naut.), a heavy gale. Living rock or stone, rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. \" I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the living rock.\" Moore. -- The living, those who are alive, or one who is alive.\n\n1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence. \"Health and living.\" Shak. 2. Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest living. \" A vicious living.\" Chaucer. 3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate. She can spin for her living. Shak. He divided unto them his living. Luke xv. 12. 4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably. There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases. L' Estrange. 5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives. [Eng.] He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay. Livng room, the room most used by the family.", - "livingston": null, - "livingstone": null, - "livonia": null, - "livy": null, - "liz": null, - "liza": "The American white mullet (Mugil curema).", "lizard": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria. Note: Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See Amphisbæna, Chameleon, Gecko, Gila monster, Horned toad, Iguana, and Dragon, 6. 2. (Naut.) A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends. R. H. Dana, Ir. 3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field. Lizard fish (Zoöl.), a marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus, or Saurus, esp. S. foetens of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also sand pike. -- Lizard snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake (Eutænia sirtalis). -- Lizard stone (Min.), a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes. LIZARD'S TAIL Liz\"ard's tail`. (Bot.) A perennial plant of the genus Saururus (S. cernuus), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name. Gray.", "lizards": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria. Note: Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See Amphisbæna, Chameleon, Gecko, Gila monster, Horned toad, Iguana, and Dragon, 6. 2. (Naut.) A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends. R. H. Dana, Ir. 3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field. Lizard fish (Zoöl.), a marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus, or Saurus, esp. S. foetens of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also sand pike. -- Lizard snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake (Eutænia sirtalis). -- Lizard stone (Min.), a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes. LIZARD'S TAIL Liz\"ard's tail`. (Bot.) A perennial plant of the genus Saururus (S. cernuus), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name. Gray.", - "lizzie": null, - "lizzy": null, - "ljubljana": null, - "ll": null, "llama": "A South American ruminant (Auchenia llama), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes.", "llamas": "A South American ruminant (Auchenia llama), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes.", "llano": "An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish America] LLOYD'S Lloyd's, n. 1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping. 2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also Lloyd's Rooms. Note: The name is derived from Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association. Lloyd's agents, persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests. -- Lloyd's list, a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C. -- Lloyd's register, a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly.", "llanos": "An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish America] LLOYD'S Lloyd's, n. 1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping. 2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also Lloyd's Rooms. Note: The name is derived from Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association. Lloyd's agents, persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests. -- Lloyd's list, a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C. -- Lloyd's register, a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly.", - "llb": null, - "lld": null, - "llewellyn": null, - "lloyd": null, - "ln": null, - "lng": null, "lo": "Look; see; behold; observe. \" Lo, here is Christ.\" Matt. xxiv. 23. \" Lo, we turn to the Gentiles.\" Acts xiii. 46.", "load": "1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load. He might such a load To town with his ass carry. Gower. 2. The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way; the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute a cargo; lading. 3. That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; as, a load of care. \" A . . . load of guilt.\" Ray. \" Our life's a load.\" Dryden. 4. A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article measured; as, a load of wood; a load of hay; specifically, five quarters. 5. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder. 6. Weight or violence of blows. [Obs.] Milton. 7. (Mach.) The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when working. Load line, or Load water line (Naut.), the line on the outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the water when loaded. Syn. -- Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See Burden.\n\n1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon. I strive all in vain to load the cart. Gascoigne. I have loaden me with many spoils. Shak. Those honors deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house. Shak. 2. To adulterate or drug; as, to load wine. [Cant] 3. To magnetize.[Obs.] Prior. Loaded dice, dice with one side made heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will come up oftenest.", "loadable": null, @@ -44686,7 +39273,6 @@ "loathsomeness": null, "loaves": "pl. of Loaf.", "lob": "1. A dull, heavy person. \" Country lobs.\" Gauden. 2. Something thick and heavy.\n\nTo let fall heavily or lazily. And their poor jades Lob down their heads. Shak. To lob a ball (Lawn Tennis), to strike a ball so as to send it up into the air.\n\nSee Cob, v. t.\n\nThe European pollock.", - "lobachevsky": null, "lobar": "Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe or lobes.", "lobbed": null, "lobber": null, @@ -44732,18 +39318,14 @@ "locators": "One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim. [U.S.]", "locavore": null, "locavores": null, - "lochinvar": null, "loci": null, "lock": "A tuft of hair; a flock or small quantity of wool, hay, or other like substance; a tress or ringlet of hair. These gray locks, the pursuivants of death. Shak.\n\n1. Anything that fastens; specifically, a fastening, as for a door, a lid, a trunk, a drawer, and the like, in which a bolt is moved by a key so as to hold or to release the thing fastened. 2. A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable. Albemarle Street closed by a lock of carriages. De Quincey. 3. A place from which egress is prevented, as by a lock. Dryden. 4. The barrier or works which confine the water of a stream or canal. 5. An inclosure in a canal with gates at each end, used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one level to another; -- called also lift lock. 6. That part or apparatus of a firearm by which the charge is exploded; as, a matchlock, flintlock, percussion lock, etc. 7. A device for keeping a wheel from turning. 8. A grapple in wrestling. Milton. Detector lock, a lock containing a contrivance for showing whether it as has been tampered with. -- Lock bay (Canals), the body of water in a lock chamber. -- Lock chamber, the inclosed space between the gates of a canal lock. -- Lock nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Lock plate, a plate to which the mechanism of a gunlock is attached. -- Lock rail (Arch.), in ordinary paneled doors, the rail nearest the lock. Lock rand (Masonry), a range of bond stone. Knight. -- Mortise lock, a door lock inserted in a mortise. -- Rim lock, a lock fastened to the face of a door, thus differing from a mortise lock.\n\n1. To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to prevent free movement of; as, to lock a door, a carriage wheel, a river, etc. 2. To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by fastening the lock or locks of; -- often with up; as, to lock or lock up, a house, jail, room, trunk. etc. 3. To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as with, locks; to confine, or to shut in or out -- often with up; as, to lock one's self in a room; to lock up the prisoners; to lock up one's silver; to lock intruders out of the house; to lock money into a vault; to lock a child in one's arms; to lock a secret in one's breast. 4. To link together; to clasp closely; as, to lock arms. \" Lock hand in hand.\" Shak. 5. (Canals) To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a boat) in a lock. 6. (Fencing) To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm around it, to disarm him.\n\nTo become fast, as by means of a lock or by interlacing; as, the door locks close. When it locked none might through it pass. Spenser. To lock into, to fit or slide into; as, they lock into each other. Boyle.", "lockable": null, - "locke": null, - "lockean": null, "locked": null, "locker": "1. One who, or that which, locks. 2. A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship, that may be closed with a lock. Chain locker (Naut.), a compartment in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables. -- Davy Jones's locker, or Davy's locker. See Davy Jones. -- Shot locker, a compartment where shot are deposited. Totten.", "lockers": "1. One who, or that which, locks. 2. A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship, that may be closed with a lock. Chain locker (Naut.), a compartment in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables. -- Davy Jones's locker, or Davy's locker. See Davy Jones. -- Shot locker, a compartment where shot are deposited. Totten.", "locket": "1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament. 2. A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually suspended from a necklace or watch chain.", "lockets": "1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament. 2. A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually suspended from a necklace or watch chain.", - "lockheed": null, "locking": null, "lockjaw": "A contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; a variety of tetanus.", "lockout": "The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of wages.", @@ -44754,7 +39336,6 @@ "lockstep": null, "lockup": "A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a watchhouse.", "lockups": "A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a watchhouse.", - "lockwood": null, "loco": "A direction in written or printed music to return to the proper pitch after having played an octave higher.\n\nA plant (Astragalus Hornii) growing in the Southwestern United States, which is said to poison horses and cattle, first making them insane. The name is also given vaguely to several other species of the same genus. Called also loco weed.", "locomotion": "1. The act of moving from place to place. \" Animal locomotion.\" Milton. 2. The power of moving from place to place, characteristic of the higher animals and some of the lower forms of plant life.", "locomotive": "1. Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change place; as, a locomotive animal. 2. Used in producing motion; as, the locomotive organs of an animal.\n\nA locomotive engine; a self-propelling wheel carriage, especially one which bears a steam boiler and one or more steam engines which communicate motion to the wheels and thus propel the carriage, -- used to convey goods or passengers, or to draw wagons, railroad cars, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Consolidation locomotive, a locomotive having four pairs of connected drivers. -- Locomotive car, a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a dummy engine. [U.S.] -- Locomotive engine. Same as Locomotive, above. -- Mogul locomotive. See Mogul.", @@ -44782,11 +39363,6 @@ "lodges": "1. A shelter in which one may rest; as: (a) A shed; a rude cabin; a hut; as, an Indian's lodge. Chaucer. Their lodges and their tentis up they gan bigge [to build]. Robert of Brunne. O for a lodge in some vast wilderness! Cowper. (b) A small dwelling house, as for a gamekeeper or gatekeeper of an estate. Shak. (c) A den or cave. (d) The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic lodge. (c) The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college. 2. (Mining) The space at the mouth of a level next the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; -- called also platt. Raymond. 3. A collection of objects lodged together. The Maldives, a famous lodge of islands. De Foe. 4. A family of North American Indians, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge, -- as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons; as, the tribe consists of about two hundred lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals. Lodge gate, a park gate, or entrance gate, near the lodge. See Lodge, n., 1 (b).\n\n1. To rest or remain a lodge house, or other shelter; to rest; to stay; to abide; esp., to sleep at night; as, to lodge in York Street. Chaucer. Stay and lodge by me this night. Shak. Something holy lodges in that breast. Milton . 2. To fall or lie down, as grass or grain, when overgrown or beaten down by the wind. Mortimer. 3. To come to a rest; to stop and remain; as, the bullet lodged in the bark of a tree.\n\n1. To give shelter or rest to; especially, to furnish a sleeping place for; to harbor; to shelter; hence, to receive; to hold. Every house was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden. The memory can lodge a greater stone of images that all the senses can present at one time. Cheyne. 2. To drive to shelter; to track to covert. The deer is lodged; I have tracked her to her covert. Addison. 3. To deposit for keeping or preservation; as, the men lodged their arms in the arsenal. 4. To cause to stop or rest in; to implant. He lodged an arrow in a tender breast. Addison. 5. To lay down; to prostrate. Though bladed corn be lodged, and trees blown down. Shak. To lodge an information, to enter a formal complaint.", "lodging": "1. The act of one who, or that which, lodges. 2. A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning. Gower. Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope. 3. Abiding place; harbor; cover. Fair bosom . . . the lodging of delight. Spenser. Lodging house, a house where lodgings are provided and let. -- Lodging room, a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room.", "lodgings": "1. The act of one who, or that which, lodges. 2. A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning. Gower. Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope. 3. Abiding place; harbor; cover. Fair bosom . . . the lodging of delight. Spenser. Lodging house, a house where lodgings are provided and let. -- Lodging room, a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room.", - "lodi": null, - "lodz": null, - "loewe": null, - "loewi": null, - "loews": null, "loft": "That which is lifted up; an elevation. Hence, especially: (a) The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the uppermost story. (b) A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; as, an organ loft. (c) A floor or room placed above another; a story. Eutychus . . . fell down from the third loft. Acts xx. 9. On loft, aloft; on high. Cf. Onloft. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nLofty; proud. [R. & Obs.] Surrey.", "lofted": null, "loftier": null, @@ -44797,7 +39373,6 @@ "lofts": "That which is lifted up; an elevation. Hence, especially: (a) The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the uppermost story. (b) A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; as, an organ loft. (c) A floor or room placed above another; a story. Eutychus . . . fell down from the third loft. Acts xx. 9. On loft, aloft; on high. Cf. Onloft. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nLofty; proud. [R. & Obs.] Surrey.", "lofty": "1. Lifted high up; having great height; towering; high. See lofty Lebanon his head advance. Pope. 2. Fig.: Elevated in character, rank, dignity, spirit, bearing, language, etc.; exalted; noble; stately; characterized by pride; haughty. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. Lofty and sour to them that loved him not. Shak. Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. Milton. Syn. -- Tall; high; exalted; dignified; stately; majestic; sublime; proud; haughty. See Tall.", "log": "A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills. W. H. Ward.\n\n1. A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or sawing. 2. Etym: [Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. log, lock, Dan. log, Sw. logg.] (Naut.) An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through the water. Note: The common log consists of the log-chip, or logship, often exclusively called the log, and the log line, the former being commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is divided into equal spaces, called knots, each bearing the same proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a fly, which are registered on a dial plate. 3. Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or voyage; a log slate; a log book. 4. A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to the performance of machinery during a given time. 5. (Mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave. Log board (Naut.), a board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead. -- Log book, or Logbook (Naut.), a book in which is entered the daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log board. Log cabin, Log house, a cabin or house made of logs. -- Log canoe, a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single log. -- Log glass (Naut.), a small sandglass used to time the running out of the log line. -- Log line (Naut.), a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d Log, n., 2. -- Log perch (Zoöl.), an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (Percina caprodes); -- called also hogfish and rockfish. -- Log reel (Naut.), the reel on which the log line is wound. -- Log slate. (Naut.) See Log board (above). -- Rough log (Naut.), a first draught of a record of the cruise or voyage. -- Smooth log (Naut.), a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the government. -- To heave the log (Naut.), to cast the log-chip into the water; also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log.\n\n, To enter in a ship's log book; as, to log the miles run. J. F. Cooper.\n\n1. To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for timber; to get out logs. [U.S.] 2. To move to and fro; to rock. [Obs.]", - "logan": "A rocking or balanced stone. Gwill.", "loganberries": null, "loganberry": null, "logarithm": "One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division. Note: The relation of logarithms to common numbers is that of numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus 0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms 1 10 100 1000 10,000 Numbers in geometrical progression Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number, called the base, must be raised in order to produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because 102 = 100, and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because 103 = 1,000. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between a logarithm and the number ten. -- Binary logarithms. See under Binary. -- Common logarithms, or Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of which the base is 10; -- so called from Henry Briggs, who invented them. -- Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities, one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are of great service in many astronomical computations. -- Hyperbolic, or Napierian, logarithms, those logarithms (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is 2.7182818; -- so called from Napier, the inventor of logarithms. -- Logistic or Proportionallogarithms., See under Logistic.", @@ -44844,32 +39419,24 @@ "logrolling": "1. (Logging) The act or process of rolling logs from the place where they were felled to the stream which floats them to the sawmill or to market. In this labor neighboring camps of loggers combine to assist each other in turn. Longfellow. [U.S.] 2. Hence: A combining to assist another in consideration of receiving assistance in return; -- sometimes used of a disreputable mode of accomplishing political schemes or ends. [Cant, U.S.]", "logs": "A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills. W. H. Ward.\n\n1. A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or sawing. 2. Etym: [Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. log, lock, Dan. log, Sw. logg.] (Naut.) An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through the water. Note: The common log consists of the log-chip, or logship, often exclusively called the log, and the log line, the former being commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is divided into equal spaces, called knots, each bearing the same proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a fly, which are registered on a dial plate. 3. Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or voyage; a log slate; a log book. 4. A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to the performance of machinery during a given time. 5. (Mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave. Log board (Naut.), a board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead. -- Log book, or Logbook (Naut.), a book in which is entered the daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log board. Log cabin, Log house, a cabin or house made of logs. -- Log canoe, a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single log. -- Log glass (Naut.), a small sandglass used to time the running out of the log line. -- Log line (Naut.), a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d Log, n., 2. -- Log perch (Zoöl.), an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (Percina caprodes); -- called also hogfish and rockfish. -- Log reel (Naut.), the reel on which the log line is wound. -- Log slate. (Naut.) See Log board (above). -- Rough log (Naut.), a first draught of a record of the cruise or voyage. -- Smooth log (Naut.), a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the government. -- To heave the log (Naut.), to cast the log-chip into the water; also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log.\n\n, To enter in a ship's log book; as, to log the miles run. J. F. Cooper.\n\n1. To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for timber; to get out logs. [U.S.] 2. To move to and fro; to rock. [Obs.]", "logy": "Heavy or dull in respect to motion or thought; as, a logy horse. [U.S.] Porcupines are . . . logy, sluggish creatures. C. H. Merriam.", - "lohengrin": null, "loin": "That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See Illust. of Beef.", "loincloth": null, "loincloths": null, "loins": "That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See Illust. of Beef.", - "loire": null, - "lois": null, "loiter": "1. To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind. Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak. If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace. Rogers. 2. To wander as an idle vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry.", "loitered": null, "loiterer": "1. One who loiters; an idler. 2. An idle vagrant; a tramp. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.", "loiterers": "1. One who loiters; an idler. 2. An idle vagrant; a tramp. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.", "loitering": null, "loiters": "1. To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind. Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak. If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace. Rogers. 2. To wander as an idle vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry.", - "loki": "The evil deity, the author of all calamities and mischief, answering to the African of the Persians.", - "lola": null, "lolcat": null, "lolcats": null, - "lolita": null, "loll": "1. To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lean; to throw one's self down; to lie at ease. Void of care, he lolls supine in state. Dryden. 2. To hand extended from the mouth, as the tongue of an ox or a log when heated with labor or exertion. The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue, lay fawning at thy feet. Dryden . 3. To let the tongue hang from the mouth, as an ox, dog, or other animal, when heated by labor; as, the ox stood lolling in the furrow.\n\nTo let hang from the mouth, as the tongue. Fierce tigers couched around and lolled their fawning tongues. Dryden.", - "lollard": "(a) One of a sect of early reformers in Germany. (b) One of the followers of Wyclif in England. [Called also Loller.] By Lollards all know the Wyclifities are meant, so called from Walter Lollardus, one of their teachers in Germany. Fuller.", "lolled": null, "lollies": null, "lolling": null, "lollipop": "A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth. Thackeray.", "lollipops": "A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth. Thackeray.", - "lollobrigida": null, "lollop": "To move heavily; to lounge or idle; to loll. [Law.] Charles Reade.", "lolloped": null, "lolloping": null, @@ -44880,15 +39447,6 @@ "lollygagged": null, "lollygagging": null, "lollygags": null, - "lombard": "Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Lombardy. 2. A money lender or banker; -- so called because the business of banking was first carried on in London by Lombards. 3. Same as Lombard-house. A Lombard unto this day signifying a bank for usury or pawns. Fuller. 4. (Mil.) A form of cannon formerly in use. Prescott. Lombard Street, the principal street in London for banks and the offices of note brokers; hence, the money market and interest of London.", - "lombardi": null, - "lombardy": null, - "lome": null, - "lompoc": null, - "lon": null, - "london": "The capital city of England. London paste (Med.), a paste made of caustic soda and unslacked lime; -- used as a caustic to destroy tumors and other morbid enlargements. -- London pride. (Bot.) (a) A garden name for Saxifraga umbrosa, a hardy perennial herbaceous plant, a native of high lands in Great Britain. (b) A name anciently given to the Sweet William. Dr. Prior. -- London rocket (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (Sisymbrium Irio) which sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1667.", - "londoner": "A native or inhabitant of London. Shak.", - "londoners": "A native or inhabitant of London. Shak.", "lone": "A lane. See Loanin. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from lack of companionship; lonely; as, a lone traveler or watcher. When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared, And the lone wanderer with my presence cheered. Shenstone. 2. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. [Archaic] Queen Elizabeth being a lone woman. Collection of Records (1642). A hundred mark is a long one for a poor lone woman to bear. Shak. 3. Being apart from other things of the kind; being by itself; also, apart from human dwellings and resort; as, a lone house. \" A lone isle.\" Pope. By a lone well a lonelier column rears. Byron. 4. Unfrequented by human beings; solitary. Thus vanish scepters, coronets, and balls, And leave you on lone woods, or empty walls. Pope.", "lonelier": null, "loneliest": null, @@ -44908,7 +39466,6 @@ "longer": "One who longs for anything.", "longest": null, "longevity": "Long duration of life; length of life. The instances of longevity are chiefly amongst the abstemious. Arbuthnot.", - "longfellow": null, "longhair": null, "longhairs": null, "longhand": "The written characters used in the common method of writing; -- opposed to shorthand.", @@ -44924,20 +39481,15 @@ "longitudes": "1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; -- distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense. Sir H. Wotton. The longitude of their cloaks. Sir. W. Scott. Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense. Cowper. 2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that of New York is 74º or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich. 3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of Capella is 79º. Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly body as seen from the earth. -- Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body, as seen from the sun's center. -- Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and the data in regard to which are used in observations for finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.", "longitudinal": "1. Of or pertaining to longitude or length; as, longitudinal distance. 2. Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse; as, the longitudinal diameter of a body. Cheyne.\n\nA railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail.", "longitudinally": "In the direction of length.", - "longmont": null, "longs": "1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted; extended; as, a long line; -- opposed to short, and distinguished from broad or wide. 2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book. 3. Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration; lingering; as, long hours of watching. 4. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away. The we may us reserve both fresh and strong Against the tournament, which is not long. Spenser. 5. Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; as, a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc. 6. Far-reaching; extensive. \" Long views.\" Burke. 7. (Phonetics) Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in utterance; -- said of vowels and syllables. See Short, a., 13, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 22, 30. Note: Long is used as a prefix in a large number of compound adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as, long-armed, long- beaked, long-haired, long-horned, long-necked, long-sleeved, long- tailed, long- worded, etc. In the long run, in the whole course of things taken together; in the ultimate result; eventually. -- Long clam (Zoöl.), the common clam (Mya arenaria) of the Northern United States and Canada; -- called also soft-shell clam and long- neck clam. See Mya. -- Long cloth, a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality. -- Long clothes, clothes worn by a young infant, extending below the feet. -- Long division. (Math.) See Division. -- Long dozen, one more than a dozen; thirteen. -- Long home, the grave. -- Long measure, Long mater. See under Measure, Meter. -- Long Parliament (Eng. Hist.), the Parliament which assembled Nov. 3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653. -- Long price, the full retail price. -- Long purple (Bot.), a plant with purple flowers, supposed to be the Orchis mascula. Dr. Prior. -- Long suit (Whist), a suit of which one holds originally more than three cards. R. A. Proctor. -- Long tom. (a) A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock of a vessel. (b) A long trough for washing auriferous earth. [Western U.S.] (c) (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse. -- Long wall (Coal Mining), a working in which the whole seam is removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work progresses, except where passages are needed. -- Of long, a long time. [Obs.] Fairfax. -- To be, or go, long of the market, To be on the long side of the market, etc. (Stock Exchange), to hold stock for a rise in price, or to have a contract under which one can demand stock on or before a certain day at a stipulated price; -- opposed to short in such phrases as, to be short of stock, to sell short, etc. [Cant] See Short. -- To have a long head, to have a farseeing or sagacious mind.\n\n1. (Mus.) A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve. 2. (Phonetics) A long sound, syllable, or vowel. 3. The longest dimension; the greatest extent; -- in the phrase, the long and the short of it, that is, the sum and substance of it. Addison.\n\n1. To a great extent in apace; as, a long drawn out line. 2. To a great extent in time; during a long time. They that tarry long at the wine. Prov. xxiii. 30. When the trumpet soundeth long. Ex. xix. 13. 3. At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as, not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome; long after the Conquest. 4. Through the whole extent or duration. The bird of dawning singeth all night long. Shak. 5. Through an extent of time, more or less; -- only in question; as, how long will you be gone\n\nBy means of; by the fault of; because of. [Obs.] See Along of, under 3d Along.\n\n1. To feel a strong or morbid desire or craving; to wish for something with eagerness; -- followed by an infinitive, or by after or for. I long to see you. Rom. i. 11. I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. 40. I have longed for thy salvation. Ps. cxix. 174. Nicomedes, longing for herrings, was supplied with fresh ones . . . at a great distance from the sea. Arbuthnot. 2. To belong; -- used with to, unto, or for. [Obs.] The labor which that longeth unto me. Chaucer.", "longshoreman": "One of a class of laborers employed about the wharves of a seaport, especially in loading and unloading vessels.", "longshoremen": null, "longsighted": null, "longstanding": null, - "longstreet": null, "longtime": null, - "longueuil": null, "longueur": null, "longueurs": null, - "longview": null, "longways": "Lengthwise. Addison.", - "lonnie": null, "loo": "(a) An old game played with five, or three, cards dealt to each player from a full pack. When five cards are used the highest card is the knave of clubs or (if so agreed upon) the knave of trumps; -- formerly called lanterloo. (b) A modification of the game of \"all fours\" in which the players replenish their hands after each round by drawing each a card from the pack. Loo table, a round table adapted for a circle of persons playing loo.\n\nTo beat in the game of loo by winning every trick. [Written also lu.] Goldsmith.", "loofah": null, "loofahs": null, @@ -44995,7 +39547,6 @@ "lope": "of Leap. [Obs.] And, laughing, lope into a tree. Spenser.\n\n1. To leap; to dance. [Prov. Eng.] \"He that lopes on the ropes.\" Middleton. 2. To move with a lope, as a horse. [U.S.]\n\n1. A leap; a long step. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An easy gait, consisting of long running strides or leaps. [U.S.] The mustang goes rollicking ahead, with the eternal lope, . . . a mixture of two or three gaits, as easy as the motions of a crade. T. B. Thorpe.", "loped": null, "lopes": "of Leap. [Obs.] And, laughing, lope into a tree. Spenser.\n\n1. To leap; to dance. [Prov. Eng.] \"He that lopes on the ropes.\" Middleton. 2. To move with a lope, as a horse. [U.S.]\n\n1. A leap; a long step. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An easy gait, consisting of long running strides or leaps. [U.S.] The mustang goes rollicking ahead, with the eternal lope, . . . a mixture of two or three gaits, as easy as the motions of a crade. T. B. Thorpe.", - "lopez": null, "loping": null, "lopped": null, "lopping": "A cutting off, as of branches; that which is cut off; leavings. The loppings made from that stock whilst it stood. Burke.", @@ -45007,9 +39558,6 @@ "loquaciously": "In a loquacious manner.", "loquaciousness": "Loquacity.", "loquacity": "The habit or practice of talking continually or excessively; inclination to talk too much; talkativeness; garrulity. Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity by fits. Arbuthnot.", - "lora": null, - "lorain": null, - "loraine": null, "lord": "A hump-backed person; -- so called sportively. [Eng.] Richardson (Dict.).\n\n1. One who has power and authority; a master; a ruler; a governor; a prince; a proprietor, as of a manor. But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion. Shak. Man over men He made not lord. Milton. 2. A titled nobleman., whether a peer of the realm or not; a bishop, as a member of the House of Lords; by courtesy; the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest son of an earl; in a restricted sense, a boron, as opposed to noblemen of higher rank. [Eng.] 3. A title bestowed on the persons above named; and also, for honor, on certain official persons; as, lord advocate, lord chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief justice, etc. [Eng.] 4. A husband. \"My lord being old also.\" Gen. xviii. 12. Thou worthy lord Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee. Shak. 5. (Feudal Law) One of whom a fee or estate is held; the male owner of feudal land; as, the lord of the soil; the lord of the manor. 6. The Supreme Being; Jehovah. Note: When Lord, in the Old Testament, is printed in small capitals, it is usually equivalent to Jehovah, and might, with more propriety, be so rendered. 7. The Savior; Jesus Christ. House of Lords, one of the constituent parts of the British Parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual and temporal. -- Lord high chancellor, Lord high constable, etc. See Chancellor, Constable, etc. -- Lord justice clerk, the second in rank of the two highest judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland. -- Lord justice general, or Lord president, the highest in rank of the judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland. -- Lord keeper, an ancient officer of the English crown, who had the custody of the king's great seal, with authority to affix it to public documents. The office is now merged in that of the chancellor. -- Lord lieutenant, a representative of British royalty: the lord lieutenant of Ireland being the representative of royalty there, and exercising supreme administrative authority; the lord lieutenant of a county being a deputy to manage its military concerns, and also to nominate to the chancellor the justices of the peace for that county. -- Lord of misrule, the master of the revels at Christmas in a nobleman's or other great house. Eng. Cyc. -- Lords spiritual, the archbishops and bishops who have seats in the House of Lords. -- Lords temporal, the peers of England; also, sixteen representative peers of Scotland, and twenty-eight representatives of the Irish peerage. -- Our lord, Jesus Christ; the Savior. -- The Lord's Day, Sunday; the Christian Sabbath, on which the Lord Jesus rose from the dead. -- The Lord's Prayer, the prayer which Jesus taught his disciples. Matt. vi. 9-13. -- The Lord's Supper. (a) The paschal supper partaken of by Jesus the night before his crucifixion. (b) The sacrament of the eucharist; the holy communion. -- The Lord's Table. (a) The altar or table from which the sacrament is dispensed. (b) The sacrament itself.\n\n1. To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord. [R.] Shak. 2. To rule or preside over as a lord. [R.]\n\nTo play the lord; to domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway; -- sometimes with over; and sometimes with it in the manner of a transitive verb. The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss. Spenser. I see them lording it in London streets. Shak. And lorded over them whom now they serve. Milton.", "lorded": null, "lording": "1. The son of a lord; a person of noble lineage. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A little lord; a lordling; a lord, in contempt or ridicule. [Obs.] Swift. Note: In the plural, a common ancient mode of address equivalent to \"Sirs\" or \"My masters.\" Therefore, lordings all, I you beseech. Chaucer.", @@ -45021,29 +39569,13 @@ "lordship": "1. The state or condition of being a lord; hence (with his or your), a title applied to a lord (except an archbishop or duke, who is called Grace) or a judge (in Great Britain), etc. 2. Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor. What lands and lordships for their owner know My quondam barber. Dryden. 3. Dominion; power; authority. They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them. Mark x. 42.", "lordships": "1. The state or condition of being a lord; hence (with his or your), a title applied to a lord (except an archbishop or duke, who is called Grace) or a judge (in Great Britain), etc. 2. Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor. What lands and lordships for their owner know My quondam barber. Dryden. 3. Dominion; power; authority. They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them. Mark x. 42.", "lore": "(a) The space between the eye and bill, in birds, and the corresponding region in reptiles and fishes. (b) The anterior portion of the cheeks of insects.\n\nLost. Neither of them she found where she them lore. Spenser.\n\n1. That which is or may be learned or known; the knowledge gained from tradition, books, or experience; often, the whole body of knowledge possessed by a people or class of people, or pertaining to a particular subject; as, the lore of the Egyptians; priestly lore; legal lore; folklore. \"The lore of war.\" Fairfax. His fair offspring, nursed in princely lore. Milton. 2. That which is taught; hence, instruction; wisdom; advice; counsel. Chaucer. If please ye, listen to my lore. Spenser. 3. Workmanship. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "lorelei": null, - "loren": "of Lose. Chaucer.", - "lorena": null, - "lorene": null, - "lorentz": null, - "lorentzian": null, - "lorenz": null, - "lorenzo": null, - "loretta": null, "lorgnette": "An opera glass; pl. elaborate double eyeglasses.", "lorgnettes": "An opera glass; pl. elaborate double eyeglasses.", - "lori": "Same as Lory.", - "lorie": null, "loris": "Any one of several species of small lemurs of the genus Stenops. They have long, slender limbs and large eyes, and are arboreal in their habits. The slender loris (S. gracilis), of Ceylon, in one of the best known species. [Written also lori.]", "lorises": null, "lorn": "1. Lost; undone; ruined. [Archaic] If thou readest, thou art lorn. Sir W. Scott. 2. Forsaken; abandoned; solitary; bereft; as, a lone, lorn woman.", - "lorna": null, - "lorraine": null, - "lorre": null, - "lorrie": "A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting baggage, as at railway stations.", "lorries": "A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting baggage, as at railway stations.", "lorry": "A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting baggage, as at railway stations.", - "los": "Praise. See Loos. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "lose": "1. To part with unintentionally or unwillingly, as by accident, misfortune, negligence, penalty, forfeit, etc.; to be deprived of; as, to lose money from one's purse or pocket, or in business or gaming; to lose an arm or a leg by amputation; to lose men in battle. Fair Venus wept the sad disaster Of having lost her favorite dove. Prior. 2. To cease to have; to possess no longer; to suffer diminution of; as, to lose one's relish for anything; to lose one's health. If the salt hath lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted Matt. v. 13. 3. Not to employ; to employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste; to squander; as, to lose a day; to lose the benefits of instruction. The unhappy have but hours, and these they lose. Dryden. 4. To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to and; to go astray from; as, to lose one's way. He hath lost his fellows. Shak 5. To ruin; to destroy; as destroy; as, the ship was lost on the ledge. The woman that deliberates is lost. Addison. 6. To be deprived of the view of; to cease to see or know the whereabouts of; as, he lost his companion in the crowd. Like following life thro' creatures you dissect, You lose it in the moment you detect. Pope . 7. To fail to obtain or enjoy; to fail to gain or win; hence, to fail to catch with the mind or senses; to miss; as, I lost a part of what he said. He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. x. 42. I fought the battle bravely which I lost, And lost it but to Macedonians. Dryden. 8. To cause to part with; to deprive of. [R.] How should you go about to lose him a wife he loves with so much passion Sir W. Temple. 9. To prevent from gaining or obtaining. O false heart ! thou hadst almost betrayed me to eternal flames, and lost me this glory. Baxter. To lose ground, to fall behind; to suffer gradual loss or disadvantage. -- To lose heart, to lose courage; to become timid. \"The mutineers lost heart.\" Macaulay. -- To lose one's head, to be thrown off one's balance; to lose the use of one's good sense or judgment. In the excitement of such a discovery, many scholars lost their heads. Whitney. -- To lose one's self. (a) To forget or mistake the bearing of surrounding objects; as, to lose one's self in a great city. (b) To have the perceptive and rational power temporarily suspended; as, we lose ourselves in sleep. -- To lose sight of. (a) To cease to see; as, to lose sight of the land. (b) To overlook; to forget; to fail to perceive; as, he lost sight of the issue.\n\nTo suffer loss, disadvantage, or defeat; to be worse off, esp. as the result of any kind of contest. We 'll . . . hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too, Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out. Shak.", "loser": "One who loses. South.", "losers": "One who loses. South.", @@ -45055,19 +39587,14 @@ "lossless": "Free from loss. [Obs.] Milton.", "lost": "1. Parted with unwillingly or unintentionally; not to be found; missing; as, a lost book or sheep. 2. Parted with; no longer held or possessed; as, a lost limb; lost honor. 3. Not employed or enjoyed; thrown away; employed ineffectually; wasted; squandered; as, a lost day; a lost opportunity or benefit. 5. Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way; bewildered; perplexed; as, a child lost in the woods; a stranger lost in London. 6. Ruined or destroyed, either physically or morally; past help or hope; as, a ship lost at sea; a woman lost to virtue; a lost soul. 7. Hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; alienated; insensible; as, lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor. 8. Not perceptible to the senses; no longer visible; as, an island lost in a fog; a person lost in a crowd. 9. Occupied with, or under the influence of, something, so as to be insensible of external things; as, to be lost in thought. Lost motion (Mach.), the difference between the motion of a driver and that of a follower, due to the yielding of parts or looseness of joints.", "lot": "1. That which happens without human design or forethought; chance; accident; hazard; fortune; fate. But save my life, which lot before your foot doth lay. Spenser. 2. Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will; as, to cast or draw lots. The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Prov. xvi. 33. If we draw lots, he speeds. Shak. 3. The part, or fate, which falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without his planning. O visions ill foreseen! Each day's lot's Enough to bear. Milton. He was but born to try The lot of man -- to suffer and to die. Pope. 4. A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively; as, a lot of stationery; -- colloquially, sometimes of people; as, a sorry lot; a bad lot. I, this winter, met with a very large lot of English heads, chiefly of the reign of James I. Walpole. 5. A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field; as, a building lot in a city. The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York. Kent. 6. A large quantity or number; a great deal; as, to spend a lot of money; lots of people think so. [Colloq.] He wrote to her . . . he might be detained in London by a lot of business. W. Black. 7. A prize in a lottery. [Obs.] Evelyn. To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast lots, to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined. -- To draw lots, to determine an event, or make a decision, by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer. -- To pay scot and lot, to pay taxes according to one's ability. See Scot.\n\nTo allot; to sort; to portion. [R.] To lot on or upon, to count or reckon upon; to expect with pleasure. [Colloq. U. S.]", - "lothario": "A gay seducer of women; a libertine.", - "lotharios": "A gay seducer of women; a libertine.", "lotion": "1. A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair. 2. A liquid preparation for bathing the skin, or an injured or diseased part, either for a medicinal purpose, or for improving its appearance.", "lotions": "1. A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair. 2. A liquid preparation for bathing the skin, or an injured or diseased part, either for a medicinal purpose, or for improving its appearance.", "lots": "1. That which happens without human design or forethought; chance; accident; hazard; fortune; fate. But save my life, which lot before your foot doth lay. Spenser. 2. Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will; as, to cast or draw lots. The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Prov. xvi. 33. If we draw lots, he speeds. Shak. 3. The part, or fate, which falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without his planning. O visions ill foreseen! Each day's lot's Enough to bear. Milton. He was but born to try The lot of man -- to suffer and to die. Pope. 4. A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively; as, a lot of stationery; -- colloquially, sometimes of people; as, a sorry lot; a bad lot. I, this winter, met with a very large lot of English heads, chiefly of the reign of James I. Walpole. 5. A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field; as, a building lot in a city. The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York. Kent. 6. A large quantity or number; a great deal; as, to spend a lot of money; lots of people think so. [Colloq.] He wrote to her . . . he might be detained in London by a lot of business. W. Black. 7. A prize in a lottery. [Obs.] Evelyn. To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast lots, to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined. -- To draw lots, to determine an event, or make a decision, by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer. -- To pay scot and lot, to pay taxes according to one's ability. See Scot.\n\nTo allot; to sort; to portion. [R.] To lot on or upon, to count or reckon upon; to expect with pleasure. [Colloq. U. S.]", - "lott": null, "lotteries": null, "lottery": "1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance; esp., a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, and the rest of tickets are blanks. Fig. : An affair of chance. Note: The laws of the United States and of most of the States make lotteries illegal. 2. Allotment; thing allotted. [Obs.] Shak.", - "lottie": null, "lotto": "A game of chance, played with cards, on which are inscribed numbers, and any contrivance (as a wheel containing numbered balls) for determining a set of numbers by chance. The player holding a card having on it the set of numbers drawn from the wheel takes the stakes after a certain percentage of them has been deducted for the dealer. A variety of lotto is called keno. [Often written loto.]", "lotus": "1. (Bot.) (a) A name of several kinds of water lilies; as Nelumbium speciosum, used in religious ceremonies, anciently in Egypt, and to this day in Asia; Nelumbium luteum, the American lotus; and Nymphæa Lotus and N. cærulea, the respectively white-flowered and blue-flowered lotus of modern Egypt, which, with Nelumbium speciosum, are figured on its ancient monuments. (b) The lotus of the lotuseaters, probably a tree found in Northern Africa, Sicily, Portugal, and Spain (Zizyphus Lotus), the fruit of which is mildly sweet. It was fabled by the ancients to make strangers who ate of it forget their native country, or lose all desire to return to it. (c) The lote, or nettle tree. See Lote. (d) A genus (Lotus) of leguminous plants much resembling clover. [Written also lotos.] European lotus, a small tree (Diospyros Lotus) of Southern Europe and Asia; also, its rather large bluish black berry, which is called also the date plum. 2. (Arch.) An ornament much used in Egyptian architecture, generally asserted to have been suggested by the Egyptian water lily.", "lotuses": null, - "lou": null, "louche": null, "loud": "1. Having, making, or being a strong or great sound; noisy; striking the ear with great force; as, a loud cry; loud thunder. They were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. Luke xxiii. 23. 2. Clamorous; boisterous. She is loud and stubborn. Prov. vii. 11. 3. Emphatic; impressive; urgent; as, a loud call for united effort. [Colloq.] 4. Ostentatious; likely to attract attention; gaudy; as, a loud style of dress; loud colors. [Slang] Syn. -- Noisy; boisterous; vociferous; clamorous; obstreperous; turbulent; blustering; vehement.\n\nWith loudness; loudly. To speak loud in public assemblies. Addison.", "louder": null, @@ -45081,19 +39608,8 @@ "loudness": "The quality or state of being loud.", "loudspeaker": null, "loudspeakers": null, - "louella": null, "lough": "A loch or lake; -- so spelt in Ireland.\n\nof Laugh. Chaucer. LOUIS D'OR Lou\"is d'or`. Etym: [F., gold louis.] Formerly, a gold coin of France nominally worth twenty shillings sterling, but of varying value; -- first struck in 1640.", "loughs": "A loch or lake; -- so spelt in Ireland.\n\nof Laugh. Chaucer. LOUIS D'OR Lou\"is d'or`. Etym: [F., gold louis.] Formerly, a gold coin of France nominally worth twenty shillings sterling, but of varying value; -- first struck in 1640.", - "louie": null, - "louis": null, - "louisa": null, - "louise": null, - "louisiana": null, - "louisianan": null, - "louisianans": null, - "louisianian": null, - "louisianians": null, - "louisville": null, "lounge": "To spend time lazily, whether lolling or idly sauntering; to pass time indolently; to stand, sit, or recline, in an indolent manner. We lounge over the sciences, dawdle through literature, yawn over politics. J. Hannay.\n\n1. An idle gait or stroll; the state of reclining indolently; a place of lounging. She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's whose shop lounge. Miss Edgeworth. 2. A piece of furniture resembling a sofa, upon which one may lie or recline.", "lounged": null, "lounger": "One who lounges; ar idler.", @@ -45101,7 +39617,6 @@ "lounges": "To spend time lazily, whether lolling or idly sauntering; to pass time indolently; to stand, sit, or recline, in an indolent manner. We lounge over the sciences, dawdle through literature, yawn over politics. J. Hannay.\n\n1. An idle gait or stroll; the state of reclining indolently; a place of lounging. She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's whose shop lounge. Miss Edgeworth. 2. A piece of furniture resembling a sofa, upon which one may lie or recline.", "lounging": null, "lour": "An Asiatic sardine (Clupea Neohowii), valued for its oil.", - "lourdes": null, "loured": null, "louring": null, "lours": "An Asiatic sardine (Clupea Neohowii), valued for its oil.", @@ -45122,7 +39637,6 @@ "louver": "A small lantern. See Lantern, 2 (a) [Written also lover, loover, lovery, and luffer.] Louver boards or boarding, the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc. -- Louver work, slatted work.", "louvered": null, "louvers": "A small lantern. See Lantern, 2 (a) [Written also lover, loover, lovery, and luffer.] Louver boards or boarding, the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc. -- Louver work, slatted work.", - "louvre": "A small lantern. See Lantern, 2 (a) [Written also lover, loover, lovery, and luffer.] Louver boards or boarding, the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc. -- Louver work, slatted work.", "lovable": "Having qualities that excite, or are fitted to excite, love; worthy of love. Elaine the fair, Elaine the lovable, Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat. Tennyson.", "lovableness": null, "lovably": null, @@ -45130,9 +39644,7 @@ "lovebird": null, "lovebirds": null, "lovechild": null, - "lovecraft": null, "loved": null, - "lovelace": null, "loveless": "1. Void of love; void of tenderness or kindness. Milton. Shelton. 2. Not attracting love; unattractive. These are ill-favored to see to; and yet, asloveless as they be, they are not without some medicinable virtues. Holland.", "lovelier": null, "lovelies": null, @@ -45156,17 +39668,13 @@ "lowbrow": null, "lowbrows": null, "lowdown": null, - "lowe": null, "lowed": null, - "lowell": null, - "lowenbrau": null, "lower": "Compar. of Low, a.\n\n1. To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down; as, to lower a bucket into a well; to lower a sail or a boat; sometimes, to pull down; as, to lower a flag. Lowered softly with a threefold cord of love Down to a silent grave. Tennyson. 2. To reduce the height of; as, to lower a fence or wall; to lower a chimney or turret. 3. To depress as to direction; as, to lower the aim of a gun; to make less elevated as to object; as, to lower one's ambition, aspirations, or hopes. 4. To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of; as, to lower the temperature of anything; to lower one's vitality; to lower distilled liquors. 5. To bring down; to humble; as, to lower one's pride. 6. To reduce in value, amount, etc. ; as, to lower the price of goods, the rate of interest, etc.\n\nTo fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease; as, the river lowered as rapidly as it rose.\n\n1. To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; to be covered with dark and threatening clouds, as the sky; to show threatening signs of approach, as a tempest. All the clouds that lowered upon our house. Shak. 2. To frown; to look sullen. But sullen discontent sat lowering on her face. Dryden.\n\n1. Cloudiness; gloominess. 2. A frowning; sullenness.", "lowercase": null, "lowered": null, "lowering": "Dark and threatening; gloomy; sullen; as, lowering clouds or sky.", "lowermost": "Lowest.", "lowers": "Compar. of Low, a.\n\n1. To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down; as, to lower a bucket into a well; to lower a sail or a boat; sometimes, to pull down; as, to lower a flag. Lowered softly with a threefold cord of love Down to a silent grave. Tennyson. 2. To reduce the height of; as, to lower a fence or wall; to lower a chimney or turret. 3. To depress as to direction; as, to lower the aim of a gun; to make less elevated as to object; as, to lower one's ambition, aspirations, or hopes. 4. To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of; as, to lower the temperature of anything; to lower one's vitality; to lower distilled liquors. 5. To bring down; to humble; as, to lower one's pride. 6. To reduce in value, amount, etc. ; as, to lower the price of goods, the rate of interest, etc.\n\nTo fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease; as, the river lowered as rapidly as it rose.\n\n1. To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; to be covered with dark and threatening clouds, as the sky; to show threatening signs of approach, as a tempest. All the clouds that lowered upon our house. Shak. 2. To frown; to look sullen. But sullen discontent sat lowering on her face. Dryden.\n\n1. Cloudiness; gloominess. 2. A frowning; sullenness.", - "lowery": "Cloudy; gloomy; lowering; as, a lowery sky; lowery weather.", "lowest": null, "lowing": "The calling sound made by cows and other bovine animals.", "lowish": "Somewhat low. [Colloq.] Richardson.", @@ -45192,31 +39700,15 @@ "loyally": "In a loyal manner; faithfully.", "loyalties": null, "loyalty": "The state or quality of being loyal; fidelity to a superior, or to duty, love, etc. He had such loyalty to the king as the law required. Clarendon. Not withstanding all the subtle bait With which those Amazons his love still craved, To his one love his loyalty he saved. Spenser. Note: \"Loyalty . . . expresses, properly, that fidelity which one owes according to law, and does not necessarily include that attachment to the royal person, which, happily, we in England have been able further to throw into the word.\" Trench. Syn. -- Allegiance; fealty. See Allegiance.", - "loyang": null, - "loyd": null, - "loyola": null, "lozenge": "1. (Her.) (a) A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. Fusil. (b) A form of the escutcheon used by women instead of the shield which is used by men. 2. A figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles; a rhomb. 3. Anything in the form of lozenge. 4. A small cake of sugar and starch, flavored, and often medicated. -- originally in the form of a lozenge. Lozenge coach, the coach of a dowager, having her coat of arms painted on a lozenge. [Obs.] Walpole. -- Lozenge-molding (Arch.), a kind of molding, used in Norman architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments.", "lozenges": "1. (Her.) (a) A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. Fusil. (b) A form of the escutcheon used by women instead of the shield which is used by men. 2. A figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles; a rhomb. 3. Anything in the form of lozenge. 4. A small cake of sugar and starch, flavored, and often medicated. -- originally in the form of a lozenge. Lozenge coach, the coach of a dowager, having her coat of arms painted on a lozenge. [Obs.] Walpole. -- Lozenge-molding (Arch.), a kind of molding, used in Norman architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments.", - "lp": null, - "lpg": null, - "lpn": null, - "lpns": null, - "lr": null, "ls": "1. L is the twelfth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It is usually called a semivowel or liquid. Its form and value are from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek letter being from the Phoenician, and the ultimate origin prob. Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to r and u; as in pilgrim, peregrine, couch (fr. collocare), aubura (fr. LL. alburnus). Note: At the end of monosyllables containing a single vowel, it is often doubled, as in fall, full, bell; but not after digraphs, as in foul, fool, prowl, growl, foal. In English words, the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, and l is preceded by a voice glide, as in able, eagle, pronounced a''b'l, ''g'l. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 241. 2. As a numeral, L stands for fifty in the English, as in the Latin language. For 50 the Romans used the Chalcidian chi, I. Taylor (The Alphabet).\n\n1. An extension at right angles to the length of a main building, giving to the ground plan a form resembling the letter L; sometimes less properly applied to a narrower, or lower, extension in the direction of the length of the main building; a wing. [Written also ell.] 2. (Mech.) A short right-angled pipe fitting, used in connecting two pipes at right angles. [Written also ell.]", - "lsat": null, - "lsd": null, - "lt": null, "ltd": null, - "lu": "See Loo.", - "luanda": null, - "luann": null, "luau": null, "luaus": null, - "lubavitcher": null, "lubber": "A heavy, clumsy, or awkward fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown. Lingering lubbers lose many a penny. Tusser. Land lubber, a name given in contempt by sailors to a person who lives on land. -- Lubber grasshopper (Zoöl.), a large, stout, clumsy grasshopper; esp., Brachystola magna, from the Rocky Mountain plains, and Romalea microptera, which is injurious to orange trees in Florida. -- Lubber's hole (Naut.), a hole in the floor of the \"top,\" next the mast, through which sailors may go aloft without going over the rim by the futtock shrouds. It is considered by seamen as only fit to be used by lubbers. Totten. -- Lubber's line, point, or mark, a line or point in the compass case indicating the head of the ship, and consequently the course which the ship is steering.", "lubberly": "Like a lubber; clumsy. A great lubberly boy. Shak.\n\nClumsily; awkwardly. Dryden.", "lubbers": "A heavy, clumsy, or awkward fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown. Lingering lubbers lose many a penny. Tusser. Land lubber, a name given in contempt by sailors to a person who lives on land. -- Lubber grasshopper (Zoöl.), a large, stout, clumsy grasshopper; esp., Brachystola magna, from the Rocky Mountain plains, and Romalea microptera, which is injurious to orange trees in Florida. -- Lubber's hole (Naut.), a hole in the floor of the \"top,\" next the mast, through which sailors may go aloft without going over the rim by the futtock shrouds. It is considered by seamen as only fit to be used by lubbers. Totten. -- Lubber's line, point, or mark, a line or point in the compass case indicating the head of the ship, and consequently the course which the ship is steering.", - "lubbock": null, "lube": null, "lubed": null, "lubes": null, @@ -45233,25 +39725,10 @@ "lubricious": null, "lubriciously": null, "lubricity": "1. Smoothness; freedom from friction; also, property, which diminishes friction; as, the lubricity of oil. Ray. 2. Slipperiness; instability; as, the lubricity of fortune. L'Estrange. 3. Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness; lewdness; lechery; incontinency. Sir T. Herbert. As if wantonness and lubricity were essential to that poem. Dryden.", - "lubumbashi": null, - "lucas": null, - "luce": "A pike when full grown. Halliwell.", - "lucia": null, - "lucian": null, - "luciano": null, "lucid": "1. Shining; bright; resplendent; as, the lucid orbs of heaven. Lucid, like a glowworm. Sir I. Newton. A court compact of lucid marbles. Tennyson. 2. Clear; transparent. \" Lucid streams.\" Milton. 3. Presenting a clear view; easily understood; clear. A lucid and interesting abstract of the debate. Macaulay. 4. Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened or confused by delirium or madness; marked by the regular operations of reason; as, a lucid interval. Syn. -- Luminous; bright; clear; transparent; sane; reasonable. See Luminous.", "lucidity": "The quality or state of being lucid.", "lucidly": "In a lucid manner.", "lucidness": "The quality of being lucid; lucidity.", - "lucien": null, - "lucifer": "1. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; -- applied in Isaiah by a metaphor to a king of Babylon. How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning ! how art thou cut down to the ground which didst weaken the nations ! Is. xiv. 12. Tertullian and Gregory the Great understood this passage of Isaiah in reference to the fall of Satan; in consequence of which the name Lucifer has since been applied to, Satan. Kitto. 2. Hence, Satan. How wretched Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors! . . . When he falls, he falls like Lucifer, Never to hope again. Shak. 3. A match made of a sliver of wood tipped with a combustible substance, and ignited by friction; -- called also lucifer match, and locofoco. See Locofoco. 4. (Zoöl.) A genus of free-swimming macruran Crustacea, having a slender body and long appendages.", - "lucile": null, - "lucille": null, - "lucinda": null, - "lucio": null, - "lucite": null, - "lucites": null, - "lucius": null, "luck": "That which happens to a person; an event, good or ill, affecting one's interests or happiness, and which is deemed casual; a course or series of such events regarded as occurring by chance; chance; hap; fate; fortune; often, one's habitual or characteristic fortune; as, good, bad, ill, or hard luck. Luck is often used for good luck; as, luck is better than skill. If thou dost play with him at any game, Thou art sure to lose; and of that natural luck, He beats thee 'gainst the odds. Shak. Luck penny, a small sum given back for luck to one who pays money. [Prov. Eng.] -- To be is luck, to receive some good, or to meet with some success, in an unexpected manner, or as the result of circumstances beyond one's control; to be fortunate.", "lucked": null, "luckier": null, @@ -45260,39 +39737,27 @@ "luckiness": "1. The state or quality of being lucky; as, the luckiness of a man or of an event. 2. Good fortune; favorable issue or event. Locke.", "lucking": null, "luckless": "Being without luck; unpropitious; unfortunate; unlucky; meeting with ill success or bad fortune; as, a luckless gamester; a luckless maid. Prayers made and granted in a luckless hour. Dryden. -- Luck\"less*ly, adv. -- Lock\"less*ness, n.", - "lucknow": null, "lucks": "That which happens to a person; an event, good or ill, affecting one's interests or happiness, and which is deemed casual; a course or series of such events regarded as occurring by chance; chance; hap; fate; fortune; often, one's habitual or characteristic fortune; as, good, bad, ill, or hard luck. Luck is often used for good luck; as, luck is better than skill. If thou dost play with him at any game, Thou art sure to lose; and of that natural luck, He beats thee 'gainst the odds. Shak. Luck penny, a small sum given back for luck to one who pays money. [Prov. Eng.] -- To be is luck, to receive some good, or to meet with some success, in an unexpected manner, or as the result of circumstances beyond one's control; to be fortunate.", "lucky": "1. Favored by luck; fortunate; meeting with good success or good fortune; -- said of persons; as, a lucky adventurer. \" Lucky wight.\" Spenser. 2. Producing, or resulting in, good by chance, or unexpectedly; favorable; auspicious; fortunate; as, a lucky mistake; a lucky cast; a lucky hour. We doubt not of a fair and lucky war. Shak. Syn. -- Successful; fortunate; prosperous; auspicious.", "lucrative": "1. Yielding lucre; gainful; profitable; making increase of money or goods; as, a lucrative business or office. The trade of merchandise being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate. Bacon. 2. Greedy of gain [Obs.] Such diligence as the most part of our lucrative lawyers do use, in deferring and prolonging of matters and actions from term to term. Latimer.", "lucratively": "In a lucrative manner.", "lucrativeness": null, "lucre": "Gain in money or goods; profit; riches; -- often in an ill sense. The lust of lucre and the dread of death. Pope.", - "lucretia": null, - "lucretius": null, "lucubrate": "To study by candlelight or a lamp; to study by night.\n\nTo elaborate, perfect, or compose, by night study or by laborious endeavor.", "lucubrated": null, "lucubrates": "To study by candlelight or a lamp; to study by night.\n\nTo elaborate, perfect, or compose, by night study or by laborious endeavor.", "lucubrating": null, "lucubration": "1. The act of lucubrating, or studying by candlelight; nocturnal study; meditation. After long lucubration I have hit upon such an expedient. Goldsmith. 2. That which is composed by night; that which is produced by meditation in retirement; hence (loosely) any literary composition. Thy lucubrations have been perused by several of our friends. Tatler.", - "lucy": null, - "luddite": "One of a number of riotous persons in England, who for six years (1811-17) tried to prevent the use of labor-saving machinery by breaking it, burning factories, etc.; -- so called from Ned Lud, a half-witted man who some years previously had broken stocking frames. J. & H. Smith. H. Martineau.", - "luddites": "One of a number of riotous persons in England, who for six years (1811-17) tried to prevent the use of labor-saving machinery by breaking it, burning factories, etc.; -- so called from Ned Lud, a half-witted man who some years previously had broken stocking frames. J. & H. Smith. H. Martineau.", - "ludhiana": null, "ludicrous": "Adapted to excite laughter, without scorn or contempt; sportive. Broome. A chapter upon German rhetoric would be in the same ludicrous predicament as Van Troil's chapter on the snakes of Iceland, which delivers its business in one summary sentence, announcing, that snakes in Iceland -- there are none. De Quincey. Syn. -- Laughable; sportive; burlesque; comic; droll; ridiculous. -- Ludicrous, Laughable, Ridiculous. We speak of a thing as ludicrous when it tends to produce laughter; as laughable when the impression is somewhat stronger; as ridiculous when more or less contempt is mingled with the merriment created. -- Lu\"di*crous*ly, adv. -- Lu\"di*crous*ness, n.", "ludicrously": null, "ludicrousness": null, "ludo": null, - "ludwig": null, - "luella": null, "luff": "(a) The side of a ship toward the wind. (b) The act of sailing a ship close to the wind. (c) The roundest part of a ship's bow. (d) The forward or weather leech of a sail, especially of the jib, spanker, and other fore-and-aft sails. Luff tackle, a purchase composed of a double and single block and fall, used for various purposes. Totten. -- Luff upon luff, a luff tackle attached to the fall of another luff tackle. R. H. Dana, Jr.\n\nTo turn the head of a vessel toward the wind; to sail nearer the wind; to turn the tiller so as to make the vessel sail nearer the wind. To luff round, or To luff alee, to make the extreme of this movement, for the purpose of throwing the ship's head into the wind.", "luffed": null, "luffing": null, "luffs": "(a) The side of a ship toward the wind. (b) The act of sailing a ship close to the wind. (c) The roundest part of a ship's bow. (d) The forward or weather leech of a sail, especially of the jib, spanker, and other fore-and-aft sails. Luff tackle, a purchase composed of a double and single block and fall, used for various purposes. Totten. -- Luff upon luff, a luff tackle attached to the fall of another luff tackle. R. H. Dana, Jr.\n\nTo turn the head of a vessel toward the wind; to sail nearer the wind; to turn the tiller so as to make the vessel sail nearer the wind. To luff round, or To luff alee, to make the extreme of this movement, for the purpose of throwing the ship's head into the wind.", - "lufthansa": null, - "luftwaffe": null, "lug": "1. The ear, or its lobe. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 2. That which projects like an ear, esp. that by which anything is supported, carried, or grasped, or to which a support is fastened; an ear; as, the lugs of a kettle; the lugs of a founder's flask; the lug (handle) of a jug. 3. (Mach.) A projecting piece to which anything, as a rod, is attached, or against which anything, as a wedge or key, bears, or through which a bolt passes, etc. 4. (Harness) The leather loop or ear by which a shaft is held up. 5. (Zoöl.) The lugworm. Lug bolt (Mach.), a bolt terminating in a long, flat extension which takes the place of a head; a strap bolt.\n\nTo pull with force; to haul; to drag along; to carry with difficulty, as something heavy or cumbersome. Dryden. They must divide the image among them, and so lug off every one his share. Collier.\n\nTo move slowly and heavily.\n\n1. The act of lugging; as, a hard lug; that which is lugged; as, the pack is a heavy lug.[Colloq.] 2. Anything which moves slowly. [Obs.] Ascham.\n\n1. A rod or pole. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. A measure of length, being 16 [Obs.] \" Eight lugs of ground.\" Spenser. Chimney lug, or Lug pole, a pole on which a kettle is hung over the fire, either in a chimney or in the open air. [Local, U.S.] Whittier.", "luge": null, - "luger": null, "luges": null, "luggage": "That which is lugged; anything cumbrous and heavy to be carried; especially, a traveler's trunks, baggage, etc., or their contents. I am gathering up my luggage, and preparing for my journey. Swift. What do you mean, To dote thus on such luggage! Shak. Syn. -- Plunder; baggage. Luggage van, a vehicle for carrying luggage; a railway car, or compartment of a car, for carrying luggage. [Eng.]", "lugged": null, @@ -45301,28 +39766,21 @@ "lugging": null, "lughole": null, "lugholes": null, - "lugosi": null, "lugs": "1. The ear, or its lobe. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 2. That which projects like an ear, esp. that by which anything is supported, carried, or grasped, or to which a support is fastened; an ear; as, the lugs of a kettle; the lugs of a founder's flask; the lug (handle) of a jug. 3. (Mach.) A projecting piece to which anything, as a rod, is attached, or against which anything, as a wedge or key, bears, or through which a bolt passes, etc. 4. (Harness) The leather loop or ear by which a shaft is held up. 5. (Zoöl.) The lugworm. Lug bolt (Mach.), a bolt terminating in a long, flat extension which takes the place of a head; a strap bolt.\n\nTo pull with force; to haul; to drag along; to carry with difficulty, as something heavy or cumbersome. Dryden. They must divide the image among them, and so lug off every one his share. Collier.\n\nTo move slowly and heavily.\n\n1. The act of lugging; as, a hard lug; that which is lugged; as, the pack is a heavy lug.[Colloq.] 2. Anything which moves slowly. [Obs.] Ascham.\n\n1. A rod or pole. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. A measure of length, being 16 [Obs.] \" Eight lugs of ground.\" Spenser. Chimney lug, or Lug pole, a pole on which a kettle is hung over the fire, either in a chimney or in the open air. [Local, U.S.] Whittier.", "lugsail": "A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast and is raised or lowered with the sail. Totten.", "lugsails": "A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast and is raised or lowered with the sail. Totten.", "lugubrious": "Mournful; indicating sorrow, often ridiculously or feignedly; doleful; woful; pitiable; as, a whining tone and a lugubrious look. Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality. Hawthorne. -- Lu*gu\"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Lu*gu\"bri*ous*ness, n.", "lugubriously": null, "lugubriousness": null, - "luigi": null, - "luis": null, - "luisa": null, - "luke": "Moderately warm; not hot; tepid. -- Luke\"ness, n. [Obs.] Nine penn'orth o'brandy and water luke. Dickens.", "lukewarm": "Moderately warm; neither cold nor hot; tepid; not ardent; not zealous; cool; indifferent. \" Lukewarm blood.\" Spenser. \" Lukewarm patriots.\" Addison. An obedience so lukewarm and languishing that it merits not the name of passion. Dryden. -- Luce\"warm`ly, adv. -- Luce\"warm`ness, n.", "lukewarmly": null, "lukewarmness": null, - "lula": null, "lull": "To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm; to soothe; to quiet. \" To lull him soft asleep.\" Spenser. Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie, To lull the daughters of necessity. Milton.\n\nTo become gradually calm; to subside; to cease or abate for a time; as, the storm lulls.\n\n1. The power or quality of soothing; that which soothes; a lullaby. [R.] Young. 2. A temporary cessation of storm or confusion.", "lullabies": null, "lullaby": "1. A song to quiet babes or lull them to sleep; that which quiets. Shak. 2. Hence: Good night; good-by. [Obs.] Shak.", "lulled": null, "lulling": null, "lulls": "To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm; to soothe; to quiet. \" To lull him soft asleep.\" Spenser. Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie, To lull the daughters of necessity. Milton.\n\nTo become gradually calm; to subside; to cease or abate for a time; as, the storm lulls.\n\n1. The power or quality of soothing; that which soothes; a lullaby. [R.] Young. 2. A temporary cessation of storm or confusion.", - "lully": null, "lulu": null, "lulus": null, "lumbago": "A rheumatic pain in the loins and the small of the back.", @@ -45340,7 +39798,6 @@ "lumberyard": null, "lumberyards": null, "lumen": "1. (Photom.) (a) A unit of illumination, being the amount of illumination of a unit area of spherical surface, due to a light of unit intensity placed at the center of the sphere. (b) A unit of light flux, being the flux through one square meter of surface the illumination of which is uniform and of unit brightness. 2. (Biol.) An opening, space, or cavity, esp. a tubular cavity; a vacuole.", - "lumiere": null, "luminaries": null, "luminary": "1. Any body that gives light, especially one of the heavenly bodies. \" Radiant luminary.\" Skelton. Where the great luminary . . . Dispenses light from far. Milton. 2. One who illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind; as, Newton was a distinguished luminary.", "luminescence": "1. (Physics) Any emission of light not ascribable directly to incandescence, and therefore occurring at low temperatures, as in phosphorescence and fluorescence or other luminous radiation resulting from vital processes, chemical action, friction, solution, or the influence of light or of ultraviolet or cathode rays, etc. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The faculty or power of voluntarily producing light, as in the firefly and glowworm. (b) The light thus produced; luminosity; phosphorescence.", @@ -45363,7 +39820,6 @@ "lumpish": "Like a lump; inert; gross; heavy; dull; spiritless. \" Lumpish, heavy, melancholy.\" Shak. -- Lump\"ish*ly, adv. -- Lump\"ish*ness, n.", "lumps": "1. A small mass of matter of irregular shape; an irregular or shapeless mass; as, a lump of coal; a lump of iron ore. \" A lump of cheese.\" Piers Plowman. \" This lump of clay.\" Shak. 2. A mass or aggregation of things. 3. (Firearms) A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel. In the lump, In a lump, the whole together; in gross. They may buy them in the lump. Addison. -- Lump coal, coal in large lumps; -- the largest size brought from the mine. -- Lump sum, a gross sum without a specification of items; as, to award a lump sum in satisfaction of all claims and damages.\n\n1. To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without distinction of particulars. The expenses ought to be lumped together. Ayliffe. 2. To take in the gross; to speak of collectively. Not forgetting all others, . . . whom for brevity, but out of no resentment you, I lump all together. Sterne. 3. To get along with as one can, although displeased; as, if he does n't like it, he can lump it. [Law]", "lumpy": "Full of lumps, or small compact masses.", - "luna": "1. The moon. 2. (Alchemy) Silver. Luna cornea (Old Chem.), horn silver, or fused silver chloride, a tough, brown, translucent mass; -- so called from its resemblance to horn. Luna moth (Zoöl.), a very large and beautiful American moth (Actias luna). Its wings are delicate light green, with a stripe of purple along the front edge of the anterior wings, the other margins being edged with pale yellow. Each wing has a lunate spot surrounded by rings of light yellow, blue, and black. The caterpillar commonly feeds on the hickory, sassafras, and maple.", "lunacies": null, "lunacy": "1. Insanity or madness; properly, the kind of insanity which is broken by intervals of reason, -- formerly supposed to be influenced by the changes of the moon; any form of unsoundness of mind, except idiocy; mental derangement or alienation. Brande. Burrill. Your kindred shuns your house As beaten hence by your strange lunacy. Shak. 2. A morbid suspension of good sense or judgment, as through fanaticism. Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Derangement; craziness; mania. See Insanity.", "lunar": "1. Of or pertaining to the moon; as, lunar observations. 2. Resembling the moon; orbed. Dryden. 3. Measured by the revolutions of the moon; as, a lunar month. 4. Influenced by the moon, as in growth, character, or properties; as, lunar herbs. Bacon. Lunar caustic (Med. Chem.), silver nitrate prepared to be used as a cautery; -- so named because silver was called luna by the ancient alchemists. -- Lunar cycle. Same as Metonic cycle. See under Cycle. -- Lunar distance, the angular distance of the moon from the sun, a star, or a planet, employed for determining longitude by the lunar method. -- Lunar method, the method of finding a ship's longitude by comparing the local time of taking (by means of a sextant or circle) a given lunar distance, with the Greenwich time corresponding to the same distance as ascertained from a nautical almanac, the difference of these times being the longitude. -- Lunar month. See Month. -- Lunar observation, an observation of a lunar distance by means of a sextant or circle, with the altitudes of the bodies, and the time, for the purpose of computing the longitude. -- Lunar tables. (a) (Astron.) Tables of the moon's motions, arranged for computing the moon's true place at any time past or future. (b) (Navigation) Tables for correcting an observed lunar distance on account of refraction and parallax. -- Lunar year, the period of twelve lunar months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, and 34.38 seconds.\n\n1. (Astron.) A lunar distance. 2. (Anat.) The middle bone of the proximal series of the carpus; -- called also semilunar, and intermedium.", @@ -45395,8 +39851,6 @@ "lungs": "An organ for aërial respiration; -- commonly in the plural. My lungs began to crow like chanticleer. Shak. Note: In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the esophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive saclike character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. See Respiration. Lung fever (Med.), pneumonia. -- Lung flower (Bot.), a species of gentian (G. Pneumonanthe). -- Lung lichen (Bot.), tree lungwort. See under Lungwort. Lung sac (Zoöl.), one of the breathing organs of spiders and snails.", "lunkhead": null, "lunkheads": null, - "lupe": null, - "lupercalia": "A feast of the Romans in honor of Lupercus, or Pan.", "lupine": "A leguminous plant of the genus Lupinus, especially L. albus, the seeds of which have been used for food from ancient times. The common species of the Eastern United States is L. perennis. There are many species in California.\n\nWolfish; ravenous. Gauden.", "lupines": "A leguminous plant of the genus Lupinus, especially L. albus, the seeds of which have been used for food from ancient times. The common species of the Eastern United States is L. perennis. There are many species in California.\n\nWolfish; ravenous. Gauden.", "lupus": "1. (Med.) A cutaneous disease occurring under two distinct forms. Note: Lupus erythematosus is characterized by an eruption of red patches, which become incrusted, leaving superficial scars. L. vulgaris is marked by the development of nodules which often ulcerate deeply and produce great deformity. Formerly the latter was often confounded with cancer, and some varieties of cancer were included under Lupus. 2. (Astron.) The Wolf, a constellation situated south of Scorpio.", @@ -45408,7 +39862,6 @@ "lured": null, "lures": "1. A contrivance somewhat resembling a bird, and often baited with raw meat; -- used by falconers in recalling hawks. Shak. 2. Any enticement; that which invites by the prospect of advantage or pleasure; a decoy. Milton. 3. (Hat Making) A velvet smoothing brush. Knight.\n\nTo draw to the lure; hence, to allure or invite by means of anything that promises pleasure or advantage; to entice; to attract. I am not lured with love. Piers Plowman. And various science lures the learned eye. Gay.\n\nTo recall a hawk or other animal.", "lurgy": null, - "luria": null, "lurid": "1. Pale yellow; ghastly pale; wan; gloomy; dismal. Fierce o'er their beauty blazed the lurid flame. Thomson. Wrapped in drifts of lurid smoke On the misty river tide. Tennyson. 2. (Bot.) Having a brown color tonged with red, as of flame seen through smoke. 3. (Zoöl.) Of a color tinged with purple, yellow, and gray.", "luridly": null, "luridness": null, @@ -45419,7 +39872,6 @@ "lurkers": "1. One who lurks. 2. A small fishing boat. [Prov. Eng.]", "lurking": null, "lurks": "1. To lie hid; to lie in wait. Like wild beasts, lurking in loathsome den. Spenser. Let us . . . lurk privily for the innocent. Prov. i. 11. 2. To keep out of sight. The defendant lurks and wanders about in Berks. Blackstone.", - "lusaka": null, "luscious": "1. Sweet; delicious; very grateful to the taste; toothsome; excessively sweet or rich. And raisins keep their luscious, native taste. Dryden. 2. Cloying; fulsome. He had a tedious, luscious way of talking. Jeffrey. 3. Gratifying a depraved sense; obscene. [R.] Steele. -- Lus\"cious*ly, adv. -- Lus\"cious*ness, n.", "lusciously": null, "lusciousness": null, @@ -45429,7 +39881,6 @@ "lushest": null, "lushly": null, "lushness": null, - "lusitania": null, "lust": "1. Pleasure [Obs.] \" Lust and jollity.\" Chaucer. 2. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] For little lust had she to talk of aught. Spenser. My lust to devotion is little. Bp. Hall. 3. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy; -- in a had sense; as, the lust of gain. The lust of reigning. Milton. 4. Licentious craving; sexual appetite. Milton. 5. Hence: Virility; vigor; active power. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\n1. To list; to like. [Obs.] Chaucer. \" Do so if thou lust. \" Latimer. Note: In earlier usage lust was impersonal. In the water vessel he it cast When that him luste. Chaucer. 2. To have an eager, passionate, and especially an inordinate or sinful desire, as for the gratification of the sexual appetite or of covetousness; -- often with after. Whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deut. xii. 15. Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. Matt. v. 28. The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy. James iv. 5.", "lusted": null, "luster": "One who lusts.\n\nA period of five years; a lustrum. Both of us have closed the tenth luster. Bolingbroke.\n\n1. Brilliancy; splendor; brightness; glitter. The right mark and very true luster of the diamond. Sir T. More. The scorching sun was mounted high, In all its luster, to the noonday sky. Addison. Note: There is a tendency to limit the use of luster, in this sense, to the brightness of things which do not shine with their own light, or at least do not blaze or glow with heat. One speaks of the luster of a diamond, or of silk, or even of the stars, but not often now of the luster of the sun, a coal of fire, or the like. 2. Renown; splendor; distinction; glory. His ancestors continued about four hundred years, rather without obscurity than with any great luster. Sir H. Wotton. 3. A candlestick, chandelier, girandole, or the like, generally of an ornamental character. Pope. 4. (Min.) The appearance of the surface of a mineral as affected by, or dependent upon, peculiarities of its reflecting qualities. Note: The principal kinds of luster recognized are: metallic, adamantine, vitreous, resinous, greasy, pearly, and silky. With respect to intensity, luster is characterized as splendent, shining, glistening, glimmering, and dull. 5. A substance which imparts luster to a surface, as plumbago and some of the glazes. 6. A fabric of wool and cotton with a lustrous surface, -- used for women's dresses. Luster ware, earthenware decorated by applying to the glazing metallic oxides, which acquire brilliancy in the process of baking.\n\nTo make lustrous. [R. & Poetic] Flooded and lustered with her loosened gold. Lowell.", @@ -45452,17 +39903,7 @@ "lutenists": "Same as Lutanist.", "lutes": "1. (Chem.) A cement of clay or other tenacious infusible substance for sealing joints in apparatus, or the mouths of vessels or tubes, or for coating the bodies of retorts, etc., when exposed to heat; -- called also luting. 2. A packing ring, as of rubber, for fruit jars, etc. 3. (Brick Making) A straight-edged piece of wood for striking off superfluous clay from mold.\n\nTo close or seal with lute; as, to lute on the cover of a crucible; to lute a joint.\n\nA stringed instrument formerly much in use. It consists of four parts, namely, the table or front, the body, having nine or ten ribs or \"sides,\" arranged like the divisions of a melon, the neck, which has nine or ten frets or divisions, and the head, or cross, in which the screws for tuning are inserted. The strings are struck with the right hand, and with the left the stops are pressed.\n\nTo sound, as a lute. Piers Plowman. Keats.\n\nTo play on a lute, or as on a lute. Knaves are men That lute and flute fantastic tenderness. Tennyson.", "lutetium": null, - "luther": null, - "lutheran": "Of or pertaining to Luther; adhering to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church.\n\nOne who accepts or adheres to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church.", - "lutheranism": "The doctrines taught by Luther or held by the Lutheran Church.", - "lutheranisms": "The doctrines taught by Luther or held by the Lutheran Church.", - "lutherans": "Of or pertaining to Luther; adhering to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church.\n\nOne who accepts or adheres to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church.", - "luvs": null, "lux": "To put out of joint; to luxate. [Obs.]", - "luxembourg": null, - "luxembourger": null, - "luxembourgers": null, - "luxembourgian": null, "luxuriance": "The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth; excessive abundance produced by rank growth. \"Tropical luxuriance.\" B. Taylor.", "luxuriant": "Exuberant in growth; rank; excessive; very abundant; as, a luxuriant growth of grass; luxuriant foliage. Prune the luxuriant, the uncouth refine. Pope. Luxuriant flower (Bot.), one in which the floral envelopes are overdeveloped at the expense of the essential organs.", "luxuriantly": "In a luxuriant manner.", @@ -45476,27 +39917,12 @@ "luxuriously": null, "luxuriousness": null, "luxury": "1. A free indulgence in costly food, dress, furniture, or anything expensive which gratifies the appetites or tastes. Riches expose a man to pride and luxury. Spectator. 2. Anything which pleases the senses, and is also costly, or difficult to obtain; an expensive rarity; as, silks, jewels, and rare fruits are luxuries; in some countries ice is a great luxury. He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and, by laying on it earth, furnished out a kind of luxury for a hermit. Addison. 3. Lechery; lust. [Obs.] Shak. Luxury is in wine and drunkenness. Chaucer. 4. Luxuriance; exuberance. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. -- Voluptuousness; epicurism; effeminacy; sensuality; lasciviousness; dainty; delicacy; gratification.", - "luz": "A bone of the human body which was supposed by certain Rabbinical writers to be indestructible. Its location was a matter of dispute. Brande & C.", - "luzon": null, - "lvn": null, - "lvov": null, - "lyallpur": null, "lyceum": "1. A place of exercise with covered walks, in the suburbs of Athens, where Aristotle taught philosophy. 2. A house or apartment appropriated to instruction by lectures or disquisitions. 3. A higher school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the university. 4. An association for debate and literary improvement.", "lyceums": "1. A place of exercise with covered walks, in the suburbs of Athens, where Aristotle taught philosophy. 2. A house or apartment appropriated to instruction by lectures or disquisitions. 3. A higher school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the university. 4. An association for debate and literary improvement.", "lychgate": null, "lychgates": null, - "lycra": null, - "lycurgus": null, - "lydia": null, - "lydian": "Of or pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants; hence, soft; effeminate; -- said especially of one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, the music in which was of a soft, pathetic, or voluptuous character. Softly sweet in Lydian measures, Soon he soothed his soul to pleasures. Dryden. Lydian stone, a flint slate used by the ancients to try gold and silver; a touchstone. See Basanite.", - "lydians": "Of or pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants; hence, soft; effeminate; -- said especially of one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, the music in which was of a soft, pathetic, or voluptuous character. Softly sweet in Lydian measures, Soon he soothed his soul to pleasures. Dryden. Lydian stone, a flint slate used by the ancients to try gold and silver; a touchstone. See Basanite.", "lye": "A strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium salts, obtained by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap, etc.\n\nA short side line, connected with the main line; a turn-out; a siding. [Eng.]\n\nA falsehood. [Obs.] See Lie.", - "lyell": null, "lying": "of Lie, to tell a falsehood.\n\nof Lie, to be supported horizontally. Lying panel (Arch.), a panel in which the grain of the wood is horizontal. [R.] -- Lying to (Naut.), having the sails so disposed as to counteract each other.", - "lyle": null, - "lyly": null, - "lyman": null, - "lyme": null, "lymph": "1. A spring of water; hence, water, or a pure, transparent liquid like water. A fountain bubbled up, whose lymph serene Nothing of earthly mixture might distain. Trench. 2. (Anat.) An alkaline colorless fluid, contained in the lymphatic vessels, coagulable like blood, but free from red blood corpuscles. It is absorbed from the various tissues and organs of the body, and is finally discharged by the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts into the great veins near the heart. 3. (Med.) A fibrinous material exuded from the blood vessels in inflammation. In the process of healing it is either absorbed, or is converted into connective tissue binding the inflamed surfaces together. Lymph corpuscles (Anat.), finely granular nucleated cells, identical with the colorless blood corpuscles, present in the lymph and chyle. -- Lymph duct (Anat.), a lymphatic. -- Lymph heart. See Note under Heart, n., 1.", "lymphatic": "pertaining to, containing, or conveying lymph. 2. Madly enthusiastic; frantic. [Obs.] \" Lymphatic rapture. \" Sir T. Herbert. Etym: [See Lymphate.] Lymphatic gland (Anat.), one of the solid glandlike bodies connected with the lymphatics or the lacteals; -- called also lymphatic ganglion, and conglobate gland. -- Lymphatic temperament (Old Physiol.), a temperament in which the lymphatic system seems to predominate, that is, a system in which the complexion lacks color and the tissues seem to be of loose texture; hence, a temperament lacking energy, inactive, indisposed to exertion or excitement. See Temperament.\n\n1. (Anat.) One of the lymphatic or absorbent vessels, which carry lymph and discharge it into the veins; lymph duct; lymphatic duct. 2. A mad enthusiast; a lunatic. [Obs.]", "lymphatics": "pertaining to, containing, or conveying lymph. 2. Madly enthusiastic; frantic. [Obs.] \" Lymphatic rapture. \" Sir T. Herbert. Etym: [See Lymphate.] Lymphatic gland (Anat.), one of the solid glandlike bodies connected with the lymphatics or the lacteals; -- called also lymphatic ganglion, and conglobate gland. -- Lymphatic temperament (Old Physiol.), a temperament in which the lymphatic system seems to predominate, that is, a system in which the complexion lacks color and the tissues seem to be of loose texture; hence, a temperament lacking energy, inactive, indisposed to exertion or excitement. See Temperament.\n\n1. (Anat.) One of the lymphatic or absorbent vessels, which carry lymph and discharge it into the veins; lymph duct; lymphatic duct. 2. A mad enthusiast; a lunatic. [Obs.]", @@ -45506,24 +39932,14 @@ "lymphoma": "A tumor having a structure resembling that of a lymphatic gland; -- called also lymphadenoma. Malignant lymphoma, a fatal disease characterized by the formation in various parts of the body of new growths resembling lymphatic glands in structure.", "lymphomas": "A tumor having a structure resembling that of a lymphatic gland; -- called also lymphadenoma. Malignant lymphoma, a fatal disease characterized by the formation in various parts of the body of new growths resembling lymphatic glands in structure.", "lynch": "To inflict punishment upon, especially death, without the forms of law, as when a mob captures and hangs a suspected person. See Lynch law.", - "lynchburg": null, "lynched": null, "lyncher": "One who assists in lynching.", "lynchers": "One who assists in lynching.", "lynches": null, "lynching": null, "lynchings": null, - "lynda": null, - "lyndon": null, - "lynette": null, - "lynn": null, - "lynne": null, - "lynnette": null, "lynx": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of feline animals of the genus Felis, and subgenus Lynx. They have a short tail, and usually a pencil of hair on the tip of the ears. Note: Among the well-known species are the European lynx (Felis borealis); the Canada lynx or loup-cervier (F. Canadensis); the bay lynx of America (F. rufa), and its western spotted variety (var. maculata); and the pardine lynx (F. pardina) of Southern Europe. 2. (Astron.) One of the northern constellations.", "lynxes": null, - "lyon": null, - "lyons": null, - "lyra": "1. (Astron.) A northern constellation, the Harp, containing a white star of the first magnitude, called Alpha Lyræ, or Vega. 2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the ventral surface of the fornix of the brain; -- so called from the arrangement of the lines with which it is marked in the human brain.", "lyre": "1. (Mus.) A stringed instrument of music; a kind of harp much used by the ancients, as an accompaniment to poetry. Note: The lyre was the peculiar instrument of Apollo, the tutelary god of music and poetry. It gave name to the species of verse called lyric, to which it originally furnished an accompaniment 2. (Astron.) One of the constellations; Lyra. See Lyra. Lyre bat (Zoöl.), a small bat (Megaderma lyra), inhabiting India and Ceylon. It is remarkable for the enormous size and curious shape of the nose membrane and ears. -- Lyre turtle (Zoöl.), the leatherback.", "lyrebird": null, "lyrebirds": null, @@ -45535,17 +39951,10 @@ "lyricist": null, "lyricists": null, "lyrics": "1. Of or pertaining to a lyre or harp. 2. Fitted to be sung to the lyre; hence, also, appropriate for song; -- said especially of poetry which expresses the individual emotions of the poet. \"Sweet lyric song.\" Milton.\n\n1. A lyric poem; a lyrical composition. 2. A composer of lyric poems. [R.] Addison. 3. A verse of the kind usually employed in lyric poetry; -- used chiefly in the plural. 4. pl. The words of a song.", - "lysenko": null, - "lysistrata": null, - "lysol": null, "lysosomal": null, "lysosomes": null, - "lyx": null, "m": "1. M, the thirteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant, and from the manner of its formation, is called the labio- nasal consonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 178-180, 242. The letter M came into English from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek letter being further derived from the Phonician, and ultimately, it is believed, from the Egyptian. Etymologically M is related to n, in lime, linden; emmet, ant; also to b. M is readily followed by b and p. the position of the lips in the formation of both letters being the same. The relation of b and m is the same as that of d and t to n. and that of g and k to ng. 2. As a numeral, M stands for one thousand, both in English and Latin.\n\n1. (Print.) A quadrat, the face or top of which is a perfect square; also, the size of such a square in any given size of type, used as the unit of measurement for that type: 500 m's of pica would be a piece of matter whose length and breadth in pica m's multiplied together produce that number. [Written also em.] 2. (law) A brand or stigma, having the shape of an M, formerly impressed on one convicted of manslaughter and admitted to the benefit of clergy. M roof (Arch.), a kind of roof formed by the junction of two common roofs with a valley between them, so that the section resembles the letter M.", "ma": "1. A child's word for mother. 2. [Hind.] In Oriental countries, a respectful form of address given to a woman; mother. Balfour (Cyc. of India).\n\nBut; -- used in cautionary phrases; as, \"Vivace, ma non troppo presto\" (i. e., lively, but not too quick). Moore (Encyc. of Music).", - "maalox": null, - "mabel": null, - "mable": null, "mac": "A prefix, in names of Scotch origin, signifying son.", "macabre": null, "macadam": null, @@ -45555,28 +39964,16 @@ "macadamized": null, "macadamizes": "To cover, as a road, or street, with small, broken stones, so as to form a smooth, hard, convex surface.", "macadamizing": null, - "macao": "A macaw.", "macaque": "Any one of several species of short-tailed monkeys of the genus Macacus; as, M. maurus, the moor macaque of the East Indies.", "macaques": "Any one of several species of short-tailed monkeys of the genus Macacus; as, M. maurus, the moor macaque of the East Indies.", "macaroni": "1. Long slender tubes made of a paste chiefly of wheat flour, and used as an article of food; Italian or Genoese paste. A paste similarly prepared is largely used as food in Persia, India, and China, but is not commonly made tubular like the Italian macaroni. Balfour (Cyc. of India). 2. A medley; something droll or extravagant. 3. A sort of droll or fool. [Obs.] Addison. 4. A finical person; a fop; -- applied especially to English fops of about 1775. Goldsmith. 5. pl. (U. S. Hist.) The designation of a body of Maryland soldiers in the Revolutionary War, distinguished by a rich uniform. W. Irving.", "macaronis": "1. Long slender tubes made of a paste chiefly of wheat flour, and used as an article of food; Italian or Genoese paste. A paste similarly prepared is largely used as food in Persia, India, and China, but is not commonly made tubular like the Italian macaroni. Balfour (Cyc. of India). 2. A medley; something droll or extravagant. 3. A sort of droll or fool. [Obs.] Addison. 4. A finical person; a fop; -- applied especially to English fops of about 1775. Goldsmith. 5. pl. (U. S. Hist.) The designation of a body of Maryland soldiers in the Revolutionary War, distinguished by a rich uniform. W. Irving.", "macaroon": "1. A small cake, composed chiefly of the white of eggs, almonds, and sugar. 2. A finical fellow, or macaroni. [Obs.]", "macaroons": "1. A small cake, composed chiefly of the white of eggs, almonds, and sugar. 2. A finical fellow, or macaroni. [Obs.]", - "macarthur": null, - "macaulay": null, "macaw": "Any parrot of the genus Sittace, or Macrocercus. About eighteen species are known, all of them American. They are large and have a very long tail, a strong hooked bill, and a naked space around the eyes. The voice is harsh, and the colors are brilliant and strongly contrasted. Macaw bush (Bot.), a West Indian name for a prickly kind of nightshade (Solanum mammosum). --Macaw palm, Macaw tree (Bot.), a tropical American palm (Acrocomia fusiformis and other species) having a prickly stem and pinnately divided leaves. Its nut yields a yellow butter, with the perfume of violets, which is used in making violet soap. Called also grugru palm.", "macaws": "Any parrot of the genus Sittace, or Macrocercus. About eighteen species are known, all of them American. They are large and have a very long tail, a strong hooked bill, and a naked space around the eyes. The voice is harsh, and the colors are brilliant and strongly contrasted. Macaw bush (Bot.), a West Indian name for a prickly kind of nightshade (Solanum mammosum). --Macaw palm, Macaw tree (Bot.), a tropical American palm (Acrocomia fusiformis and other species) having a prickly stem and pinnately divided leaves. Its nut yields a yellow butter, with the perfume of violets, which is used in making violet soap. Called also grugru palm.", - "macbeth": null, - "macbride": null, - "maccabees": "1. The name given in later times to the Asmonæans, a family of Jewish patriots, who headed a religious revolt in the reign of Antiochus IV., 168-161 B. C., which led to a period of freedom for Israel. Schaff-Herzog. 2. The name of two ancient historical books, which give accounts of Jewish affairs in or about the time of the Maccabean princes, and which are received as canonical books in the Roman Catholic Church, but are included in the Apocrypha by Protestants. Also applied to three books, two of which are found in some MSS. of the Septuagint.", - "maccabeus": null, - "macdonald": null, "mace": "A money of account in China equal to one tenth of a tael; also, a weight of 57.98 grains. S. W. Williams.\n\nA kind of spice; the aril which partly covers nutmegs. See Nutmeg. Note: Red mace is the aril of Myristica tingens, and white mace that of M. Otoba, -- East Indian trees of the same genus with the nutmeg tree.\n\n1. A heavy staff or club of metal; a spiked club; -- used as weapon in war before the general use of firearms, especially in the Middle Ages, for breaking metal armor. Chaucer. Death with his mace petrific . . . smote. Milton. 2. Hence: A staff borne by, or carried before, a magistrate as an ensign of his authority. \"Swayed the royal mace.\" Wordsworth. 3. An officer who carries a mace as an emblem of authority. Macaulay. 4. A knobbed mallet used by curriers in dressing leather to make it supple. 5. (Billiards) A rod for playing billiards, having one end suited to resting on the table and pushed with one hand. Mace bearer, an officer who carries a mace before person in authority.", "maced": null, - "macedon": null, - "macedonia": null, - "macedonian": "Belonging, or relating, to Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Macedonia.\n\nOne of a certain religious sect, followers of Macedonius, Bishop of Constantinople, in the fourth century, who held that the Holy Ghost was a creature, like the angels, and a servant of the Father and the Son.", - "macedonians": "Belonging, or relating, to Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Macedonia.\n\nOne of a certain religious sect, followers of Macedonius, Bishop of Constantinople, in the fourth century, who held that the Holy Ghost was a creature, like the angels, and a servant of the Father and the Son.", "macerate": "1. To make lean; to cause to waste away. [Obs. or R.] Harvey. 2. To subdue the appetites of by poor and scanty diet; to mortify. Baker. 3. To soften by steeping in a liquid, with or without heat; to wear away or separate the parts of by steeping; as, to macerate animal or vegetable fiber.", "macerated": null, "macerates": "1. To make lean; to cause to waste away. [Obs. or R.] Harvey. 2. To subdue the appetites of by poor and scanty diet; to mortify. Baker. 3. To soften by steeping in a liquid, with or without heat; to wear away or separate the parts of by steeping; as, to macerate animal or vegetable fiber.", @@ -45586,8 +39983,6 @@ "mach": null, "machete": "A large heavy knife resembling a broadsword, often two or three feet in length, -- used by the inhabitants of Spanish America as a hatchet to cut their way through thickets, and for various other purposes. J. Stevens.", "machetes": "A large heavy knife resembling a broadsword, often two or three feet in length, -- used by the inhabitants of Spanish America as a hatchet to cut their way through thickets, and for various other purposes. J. Stevens.", - "machiavelli": null, - "machiavellian": null, "machinable": null, "machinate": "To plan; to contrive; esp., to form a scheme with the purpose of doing harm; to contrive artfully; to plot. \"How long will you machinate!\" Sandys.\n\nTo contrive, as a plot; to plot; as, to machinate evil.", "machinated": null, @@ -45604,21 +39999,13 @@ "machinists": "1. A constrictor of machines and engines; one versed in the principles of machines. 2. One skilled in the use of machine tools. 3. A person employed to shift scenery in a theater.", "machismo": null, "macho": "The striped mullet of California (Mugil cephalus, or Mexicanus).", - "macias": null, "macing": null, - "macintosh": "Same as Mackintosh.", - "mack": null, - "mackenzie": null, "mackerel": "A pimp; also, a bawd. [Obs.] Halliwell.\n\nAny species of the genus Scomber, and of several related genera. They are finely formed and very active oceanic fishes. Most of them are highly prized for food. Note: The common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), which inhabits both sides of the North Atlantic, is one of the most important food fishes. It is mottled with green and blue. The Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus), of the American coast, is covered with bright yellow circular spots. Bull mackerel, Chub mackerel. (Zoöl.) See under Chub. -- Frigate mackerel. See under Frigate. -- Horse mackerel . See under Horse. -- Mackerel bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck; -- so called because it arrives in England at the time when mackerel are in season. -- Mackerel cock (Zoöl.), the Manx shearwater; -- so called because it precedes the appearance of the mackerel on the east coast of Ireland. -- Mackerel guide. (Zoöl.) See Garfish (a). -- Mackerel gull (Zoöl.) any one of several species of gull which feed upon or follow mackerel, as the kittiwake. -- Mackerel midge (Zoöl.), a very small oceanic gadoid fish of the North Atlantic. It is about an inch and a half long and has four barbels on the upper jaw. It is now considered the young of the genus Onos, or Motella. -- Mackerel plow, an instrument for creasing the sides of lean mackerel to improve their appearance. Knight. -- Mackerel shark (Zoöl.), the porbeagle. -- Mackerel sky, or Mackerel-back sky, a sky flecked with small white clouds; a cirro-cumulus. See Cloud. Mackerel sky and mare's-tails Make tall ships carry low sails. Old Rhyme.", "mackerels": "A pimp; also, a bawd. [Obs.] Halliwell.\n\nAny species of the genus Scomber, and of several related genera. They are finely formed and very active oceanic fishes. Most of them are highly prized for food. Note: The common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), which inhabits both sides of the North Atlantic, is one of the most important food fishes. It is mottled with green and blue. The Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus), of the American coast, is covered with bright yellow circular spots. Bull mackerel, Chub mackerel. (Zoöl.) See under Chub. -- Frigate mackerel. See under Frigate. -- Horse mackerel . See under Horse. -- Mackerel bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck; -- so called because it arrives in England at the time when mackerel are in season. -- Mackerel cock (Zoöl.), the Manx shearwater; -- so called because it precedes the appearance of the mackerel on the east coast of Ireland. -- Mackerel guide. (Zoöl.) See Garfish (a). -- Mackerel gull (Zoöl.) any one of several species of gull which feed upon or follow mackerel, as the kittiwake. -- Mackerel midge (Zoöl.), a very small oceanic gadoid fish of the North Atlantic. It is about an inch and a half long and has four barbels on the upper jaw. It is now considered the young of the genus Onos, or Motella. -- Mackerel plow, an instrument for creasing the sides of lean mackerel to improve their appearance. Knight. -- Mackerel shark (Zoöl.), the porbeagle. -- Mackerel sky, or Mackerel-back sky, a sky flecked with small white clouds; a cirro-cumulus. See Cloud. Mackerel sky and mare's-tails Make tall ships carry low sails. Old Rhyme.", - "mackinac": null, "mackinaw": "A thick blanket formerly in common use in the western part of the United States.", "mackinaws": "A thick blanket formerly in common use in the western part of the United States.", "mackintosh": "A waterproof outer garment; -- so called from the name of the inventor.", "mackintoshes": null, - "macleish": null, - "macmillan": null, - "macon": null, "macrame": null, "macro": null, "macrobiotic": "Long-lived. Dunglison.", @@ -45635,12 +40022,7 @@ "macros": null, "macroscopic": "Visible to the unassisted eye; -- as opposed to microscopic. -- Mac`ro*scop\"ic*al*ly, adv.", "macs": "A prefix, in names of Scotch origin, signifying son.", - "macumba": null, - "macy": null, "mad": "of Made. Chaucer.\n\n1. Disordered in intellect; crazy; insane. I have heard my grandsire say full oft, Extremity of griefs would make men mad. Shak. 2. Excited beyond self-control or the restraint of reason; inflamed by violent or uncontrollable desire, passion, or appetite; as, to be mad with terror, lust, or hatred; mad against political reform. It is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols. Jer. 1. 88. And being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities. Acts xxvi. 11. 3. Proceeding from, or indicating, madness; expressing distraction; prompted by infatuation, fury, or extreme rashness. \"Mad demeanor.\" Milton. Mad wars destroy in one year the works of many years of peace. Franklin. The mad promise of Cleon was fulfilled. Jowett (Thucyd.). 4. Extravagant; immoderate. \"Be mad and merry.\" Shak. \"Fetching mad bounds.\" Shak. 5. Furious with rage, terror, or disease; -- said of the lower animals; as, a mad bull; esp., having hydrophobia; rabid; as, a mad dog. 6. Angry; out of patience; vexed; as, to get mad at a person. [Colloq.] 7. Having impaired polarity; -- applied to a compass needle. [Colloq.] Like mad, like a mad person; in a furious manner; as, to run like mad. L'Estrange. -- To run mad. (a) To become wild with excitement. (b) To run wildly about under the influence of hydrophobia; to become affected with hydrophobia. -- To run mad after, to pursue under the influence of infatuation or immoderate desire. \"The world is running mad after farce.\" Dryden.\n\nTo make mad or furious; to madden. Had I but seen thy picture in this plight, It would have madded me. Shak.\n\nTo be mad; to go mad; to rave. See Madding. [Archaic] Chaucer. Festus said with great voice, Paul thou maddest. Wyclif (Acts).\n\nAn earthworm. [Written also made.]", - "madagascan": null, - "madagascans": null, - "madagascar": null, "madam": "A gentlewoman; -- an appellation or courteous form of address given to a lady, especially an elderly or a married lady; -- much used in the address, at the beginning of a letter, to a woman. The corresponding word in addressing a man is Sir.", "madame": "My lady; -- a French title formerly given to ladies of quality; now, in France, given to all married women. Chaucer.", "madams": "A gentlewoman; -- an appellation or courteous form of address given to a lady, especially an elderly or a married lady; -- much used in the address, at the beginning of a letter, to a woman. The corresponding word in addressing a man is Sir.", @@ -45655,26 +40037,15 @@ "madders": "A plant of the Rubia (R. tinctorum). The root is much used in dyeing red, and formerly was used in medicine. It is cultivated in France and Holland. See Rubiaceous. Note: Madder is sometimes used in forming pigments, as lakes, etc., which receive their names from their colors; as. madder yellow. Field madder, an annual European weed (Sherardia arvensis) resembling madder. -- Indian madder , the East Indian Rubia cordifolia, used in the East for dyeing; -- called also munjeet. -- Wild madder, Rubia peregrina of Europe; also the Galium Mollugo, a kind of bedstraw.", "maddest": null, "madding": "Affected with madness; raging; furious. -- Mad\"ding*ly, adv. [Archaic] Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray. The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged. Milton.", - "maddox": null, "made": "See Mad, n.\n\nof Make.\n\nArtificially produced; pieced together; formed by filling in; as, made ground; a made mast, in distinction from one consisting of a single spar. Made up. (a) Complete; perfect. \"A made up villain.\" Shak. (b) Falsely devised; fabricated; as, a made up story. (c) Artificial; as, a made up figure or complexion.", - "madeira": "A rich wine made on the Island of Madeira. A cup of Madeira, and a cold capon's leg. Shak. Madeira nut (Bot.), the European walnut; the nut of the Juglans regia.", - "madeiras": "A rich wine made on the Island of Madeira. A cup of Madeira, and a cold capon's leg. Shak. Madeira nut (Bot.), the European walnut; the nut of the Juglans regia.", - "madeleine": null, - "madeline": null, - "madelyn": null, "mademoiselle": "1. A French title of courtesy given to a girl or an unmarried lady, equivalent to the English Miss. Goldsmith. 2. (Zoöl.) A marine food fish (Sciæna chrysura), of the Southern United States; -- called also yellowtail, and silver perch.", "mademoiselles": "1. A French title of courtesy given to a girl or an unmarried lady, equivalent to the English Miss. Goldsmith. 2. (Zoöl.) A marine food fish (Sciæna chrysura), of the Southern United States; -- called also yellowtail, and silver perch.", - "madera": null, - "madge": "(a) The barn owl. (b) The magpie.", "madhouse": "A house where insane persons are confined; an insane asylum; a bedlam.", "madhouses": "A house where insane persons are confined; an insane asylum; a bedlam.", - "madison": null, "madly": "In a mad manner; without reason or understanding; wildly.", "madman": "A man who is mad; lunatic; a crazy person. When a man mistakes his thoughts for person and things, he is mad. A madman is properly so defined. Coleridge.", "madmen": null, "madness": "1. The condition of being mad; insanity; lunacy. 2. Frenzy; ungovernable rage; extreme folly. Syn. -- Insanity; distraction; derangement; craziness; lunacy; mania; frenzy; franticness; rage; aberration; alienation; monomania. See Insanity.", - "madonna": "1. My lady; -- a term of address in Italian formerly used as the equivalent of Madame, but for which Signora is now substituted. Sometimes introduced into English. Shak. 2. [pl. Madonnas (naz).] A picture of the Virgin Mary (usually with the babe). The Italian painters are noted for drawing the Madonnas by their own wives or mistresses. Rymer.", - "madonnas": "1. My lady; -- a term of address in Italian formerly used as the equivalent of Madame, but for which Signora is now substituted. Sometimes introduced into English. Shak. 2. [pl. Madonnas (naz).] A picture of the Virgin Mary (usually with the babe). The Italian painters are noted for drawing the Madonnas by their own wives or mistresses. Rymer.", "madras": "A large silk-and-cotton kerchief, usually of bright colors, such as those often used by negroes for turbans. A black woman in blue cotton gown, red-and-yellow madras turban . . . crouched against the wall. G. W. Cable.", "madrasa": null, "madrasah": null, @@ -45683,19 +40054,15 @@ "madrases": null, "madrassa": null, "madrassas": null, - "madrid": null, "madrigal": "1. A little amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral poem, containing some tender and delicate, though simple, thought. Whose artful strains have oft delayed The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. Milton. 2. (Mus.) An unaccompanied polyphonic song, in four, five, or more parts, set to secular words, but full of counterpoint and imitation, and adhering to the old church modes. Unlike the freer glee, it is best sung with several voices on a part. See Glee.", "madrigals": "1. A little amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral poem, containing some tender and delicate, though simple, thought. Whose artful strains have oft delayed The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. Milton. 2. (Mus.) An unaccompanied polyphonic song, in four, five, or more parts, set to secular words, but full of counterpoint and imitation, and adhering to the old church modes. Unlike the freer glee, it is best sung with several voices on a part. See Glee.", "mads": "of Made. Chaucer.\n\n1. Disordered in intellect; crazy; insane. I have heard my grandsire say full oft, Extremity of griefs would make men mad. Shak. 2. Excited beyond self-control or the restraint of reason; inflamed by violent or uncontrollable desire, passion, or appetite; as, to be mad with terror, lust, or hatred; mad against political reform. It is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols. Jer. 1. 88. And being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities. Acts xxvi. 11. 3. Proceeding from, or indicating, madness; expressing distraction; prompted by infatuation, fury, or extreme rashness. \"Mad demeanor.\" Milton. Mad wars destroy in one year the works of many years of peace. Franklin. The mad promise of Cleon was fulfilled. Jowett (Thucyd.). 4. Extravagant; immoderate. \"Be mad and merry.\" Shak. \"Fetching mad bounds.\" Shak. 5. Furious with rage, terror, or disease; -- said of the lower animals; as, a mad bull; esp., having hydrophobia; rabid; as, a mad dog. 6. Angry; out of patience; vexed; as, to get mad at a person. [Colloq.] 7. Having impaired polarity; -- applied to a compass needle. [Colloq.] Like mad, like a mad person; in a furious manner; as, to run like mad. L'Estrange. -- To run mad. (a) To become wild with excitement. (b) To run wildly about under the influence of hydrophobia; to become affected with hydrophobia. -- To run mad after, to pursue under the influence of infatuation or immoderate desire. \"The world is running mad after farce.\" Dryden.\n\nTo make mad or furious; to madden. Had I but seen thy picture in this plight, It would have madded me. Shak.\n\nTo be mad; to go mad; to rave. See Madding. [Archaic] Chaucer. Festus said with great voice, Paul thou maddest. Wyclif (Acts).\n\nAn earthworm. [Written also made.]", - "madurai": null, "madwoman": null, "madwomen": null, - "mae": null, "maelstrom": "1. A celebrated whirlpool on the coast of Norway. 2. Also Fig. ; as, a maelstrom of vice.", "maelstroms": "1. A celebrated whirlpool on the coast of Norway. 2. Also Fig. ; as, a maelstrom of vice.", "maestro": "A master in any art, especially in music; a composer.", "maestros": "A master in any art, especially in music; a composer.", - "maeterlinck": null, "mafia": "A secret society which organized in Sicily as a political organization, but is now widespread among Italians, and is used to further or protect private interests, reputedly by illegal methods.", "mafias": "A secret society which organized in Sicily as a political organization, but is now widespread among Italians, and is used to further or protect private interests, reputedly by illegal methods.", "mafiosi": null, @@ -45703,18 +40070,12 @@ "mag": null, "magazine": "1. A receptacle in which anything is stored, especially military stores, as ammunition, arms, provisions, etc. \"Armories and magazines.\" Milton. 2. The building or room in which the supply of powder is kept in a fortification or a ship. 3. A chamber in a gun for holding a number of cartridges to be fed automatically to the piece. 4. A pamphlet published periodically containing miscellaneous papers or compositions. Magazine dress, clothing made chiefly of woolen, without anything metallic about it, to be worn in a powder magazine. -- Magazine gun, a portable firearm, as a rifle, with a chamber carrying cartridges which are brought automatically into position for firing. -- Magazine stove, a stove having a chamber for holding fuel which is supplied to the fire by some self-feeding process, as in the common base-burner.\n\nTo store in, or as in, a magazine; to store up for use.", "magazines": "1. A receptacle in which anything is stored, especially military stores, as ammunition, arms, provisions, etc. \"Armories and magazines.\" Milton. 2. The building or room in which the supply of powder is kept in a fortification or a ship. 3. A chamber in a gun for holding a number of cartridges to be fed automatically to the piece. 4. A pamphlet published periodically containing miscellaneous papers or compositions. Magazine dress, clothing made chiefly of woolen, without anything metallic about it, to be worn in a powder magazine. -- Magazine gun, a portable firearm, as a rifle, with a chamber carrying cartridges which are brought automatically into position for firing. -- Magazine stove, a stove having a chamber for holding fuel which is supplied to the fire by some self-feeding process, as in the common base-burner.\n\nTo store in, or as in, a magazine; to store up for use.", - "magdalena": null, - "magdalene": null, "mage": "A magician. [Archaic] Spenser. Tennyson.", - "magellan": null, - "magellanic": "Of or pertaining to, or named from, Magellan, the navigator. Magellenic clouds (Astron.), three conspicuous nebulæ near the south pole, resembling thin white clouds.", "magenta": "An aniline dye obtained as an amorphous substance having a green bronze surface color, which dissolves to a shade of red; also, the color; -- so called from Magenta, in Italy, in allusion to the battle fought there about the time the dye was discovered. Called also fuchsine, roseïne, etc.", "mages": "A magician. [Archaic] Spenser. Tennyson.", - "maggie": null, "maggot": "1. (Zoöl.) The footless larva of any fly. See Larval. 2. A whim; an odd fancy. Hudibras. Tennyson.", "maggots": "1. (Zoöl.) The footless larva of any fly. See Larval. 2. A whim; an odd fancy. Hudibras. Tennyson.", "maggoty": "1. Infested with maggots. 2. Full of whims; capricious. Norris.", - "maghreb": null, "magi": "A caste of priests, philosophers, and magicians, among the ancient Persians; hence, any holy men or sages of the East. The inspired Magi from the Orient came. Sandys.", "magic": "A comprehensive name for all of the pretended arts which claim to produce effects by the assistance of supernatural beings, or departed spirits, or by a mastery of secret forces in nature attained by a study of occult science, including enchantment, conjuration, witchcraft, sorcery, necromancy, incantation, etc. An appearance made by some magic. Chaucer. Celestial magic, a supposed supernatural power which gave to spirits a kind of dominion over the planets, and to the planets an influence over men. -- Natural magic, the art of employing the powers of nature to produce effects apparently supernatural. -- Superstitious, or Geotic, magic, the invocation of devils or demons, involving the supposition of some tacit or express agreement between them and human beings. Syn. -- Sorcery; witchcraft; necromancy; conjuration; enchantment.\n\n1. Pertaining to the hidden wisdom supposed to be possessed by the Magi; relating to the occult powers of nature, and the producing of effects by their agency. 2. Performed by, or proceeding from, occult and superhuman agencies; done by, or seemingly done by, enchantment or sorcery. Hence: Seemingly requiring more than human power; imposing or startling in performance; producing effects which seem supernatural or very extraordinary; having extraordinary properties; as, a magic lantern; a magic square or circle. The painter's magic skill. Cowper. Note: Although with certain words magic is used more than magical, -- as, magic circle, magic square, magic wand, -- we may in general say magic or magical; as, a magic or magical effect; a magic or magical influence, etc. But when the adjective is predicative, magical, and not magic, is used; as, the effect was magical. Magic circle, a series of concentric circles containing the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having somewhat similar properties to the magic square. -- Magic humming bird (Zoöl.), a Mexican humming bird (Iache magica) , having white downy thing tufts. -- Magic lantern. See Lantern. -- Magic square, numbers so disposed in parallel and equal rows in the form of a square, that each row, taken vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, shall give the same sum, the same product, or an harmonical series, according as the numbers taken are in arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonical progression. -- Magic wand, a wand used by a magician in performing feats of magic.", "magical": "1. Pertaining to the hidden wisdom supposed to be possessed by the Magi; relating to the occult powers of nature, and the producing of effects by their agency. 2. Performed by, or proceeding from, occult and superhuman agencies; done by, or seemingly done by, enchantment or sorcery. Hence: Seemingly requiring more than human power; imposing or startling in performance; producing effects which seem supernatural or very extraordinary; having extraordinary properties; as, a magic lantern; a magic square or circle. The painter's magic skill. Cowper. Note: Although with certain words magic is used more than magical, -- as, magic circle, magic square, magic wand, -- we may in general say magic or magical; as, a magic or magical effect; a magic or magical influence, etc. But when the adjective is predicative, magical, and not magic, is used; as, the effect was magical. Magic circle, a series of concentric circles containing the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having somewhat similar properties to the magic square. -- Magic humming bird (Zoöl.), a Mexican humming bird (Iache magica) , having white downy thing tufts. -- Magic lantern. See Lantern. -- Magic square, numbers so disposed in parallel and equal rows in the form of a square, that each row, taken vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, shall give the same sum, the same product, or an harmonical series, according as the numbers taken are in arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonical progression. -- Magic wand, a wand used by a magician in performing feats of magic.", @@ -45724,7 +40085,6 @@ "magicked": null, "magicking": null, "magics": "A comprehensive name for all of the pretended arts which claim to produce effects by the assistance of supernatural beings, or departed spirits, or by a mastery of secret forces in nature attained by a study of occult science, including enchantment, conjuration, witchcraft, sorcery, necromancy, incantation, etc. An appearance made by some magic. Chaucer. Celestial magic, a supposed supernatural power which gave to spirits a kind of dominion over the planets, and to the planets an influence over men. -- Natural magic, the art of employing the powers of nature to produce effects apparently supernatural. -- Superstitious, or Geotic, magic, the invocation of devils or demons, involving the supposition of some tacit or express agreement between them and human beings. Syn. -- Sorcery; witchcraft; necromancy; conjuration; enchantment.\n\n1. Pertaining to the hidden wisdom supposed to be possessed by the Magi; relating to the occult powers of nature, and the producing of effects by their agency. 2. Performed by, or proceeding from, occult and superhuman agencies; done by, or seemingly done by, enchantment or sorcery. Hence: Seemingly requiring more than human power; imposing or startling in performance; producing effects which seem supernatural or very extraordinary; having extraordinary properties; as, a magic lantern; a magic square or circle. The painter's magic skill. Cowper. Note: Although with certain words magic is used more than magical, -- as, magic circle, magic square, magic wand, -- we may in general say magic or magical; as, a magic or magical effect; a magic or magical influence, etc. But when the adjective is predicative, magical, and not magic, is used; as, the effect was magical. Magic circle, a series of concentric circles containing the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having somewhat similar properties to the magic square. -- Magic humming bird (Zoöl.), a Mexican humming bird (Iache magica) , having white downy thing tufts. -- Magic lantern. See Lantern. -- Magic square, numbers so disposed in parallel and equal rows in the form of a square, that each row, taken vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, shall give the same sum, the same product, or an harmonical series, according as the numbers taken are in arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonical progression. -- Magic wand, a wand used by a magician in performing feats of magic.", - "maginot": null, "magisterial": "1. Of or pertaining to a master or magistrate, or one in authority; having the manner of a magister; official; commanding; authoritative. Hence: Overbearing; dictatorial; dogmatic. When magisterial duties from his home Her father called. Glover. We are not magisterial in opinions, nor, dictator-like, obtrude our notions on any man. Sir T. Browne. Pretenses go a great way with men that take fair words and magisterial looks for current payment. L'Estrange. 2. (Alchem. & Old Chem.) Pertaining to, produced by, or of the nature of, magistery. See Magistery, 2. Syn. -- Authoritative; stately; august; pompous; dignified; lofty; commanding; imperious; lordly; proud; haughty; domineering; despotic; dogmatical; arrogant. -- Magisterial, Dogmatical, Arrogant. One who is magisterial assumes the air of a master toward his pupils; one who is dogmatical lays down his positions in a tone of authority or dictation; one who is arrogant in sults others by an undue assumption of superiority. Those who have long been teachers sometimes acquire, unconsciously, a manner which borders too much on the magisterial, and may be unjustly construed as dogmatical, or even arrogant.", "magisterially": "In a magisterial manner.", "magistracy": "1. The office or dignity of a magistrate. Blackstone. 2. The collective body of magistrates.", @@ -45755,7 +40115,6 @@ "magnetos": null, "magnetosphere": null, "magnets": "1. The loadstone; a species of iron ore (the ferrosoferric or magnetic ore, Fe3O4) which has the property of attracting iron and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended, of pointing to the poles; -- called also natural magnet. Dinocrates began to make the arched roof of the temple of Arsinoë all of magnet, or this loadstone. Holland. Two magnets, heaven and earth, allure to bliss, The larger loadstone that, the nearer this. Dryden. 2. (Physics) A bar or mass of steel or iron to which the peculiar properties of the loadstone have been imparted; -- called, in distinction from the loadstone, an artificial magnet. Note: An artificial magnet, produced by the action of a voltaic or electrical battery, is called an electro-magnet. Field magnet (Physics & Elec.), a magnet used for producing and maintaining a magnetic field; -- used especially of the stationary or exciting magnet of a dynamo or electromotor in distinction from that of the moving portion or armature.", - "magnificat": "The song of the Virgin Mary, Luke i. 46; -- so called because it commences with this word in the Vulgate.", "magnification": "The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration. [R.]", "magnifications": "The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration. [R.]", "magnificence": "The act of doing what magnificent; the state or quality of being magnificent. Acts xix. 27. \"Then cometh magnificence.\" Chaucer. And, for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The Maker's high magnificence, who built so spacious. Milton. The noblest monuments of Roman magnificence. Eustace.", @@ -45769,7 +40128,6 @@ "magnifying": null, "magniloquence": "The quality of being magniloquent; pompous discourse; grandiloquence.", "magniloquent": "Speaking pompously; using swelling discourse; bombastic; tumid in style; grandiloquent. -- Mag*nil\"o*quent*ly, adv.", - "magnitogorsk": null, "magnitude": "1. Extent of dimensions; size; -- applied to things that have length, breath, and thickness. Conceive those particles of bodies to be so disposed amongst themselves, that the intervals of empty spaces between them may be equal in magnitude to them all. Sir I. Newton. 2. (Geom.) That which has one or more of the three dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness. 3. Anything of which greater or less can be predicated, as time, weight, force, and the like. 4. Greatness; grandeur. \"With plain, heroic magnitude of mind.\" Milton. 5. Greatness, in reference to influence or effect; importance; as, an affair of magnitude. The magnitude of his designs. Bp. Horsley. Apparent magnitude (Opt.), the angular breadth of an object viewed as measured by the angle which it subtends at the eye of the observer; - - called also apparent diameter. -- Magnitude of a star (Astron.), the rank of a star with respect to brightness. About twenty very bright stars are said to be of first magnitude, the stars of the sixth magnitude being just visible to the naked eye. Telescopic stars are classified down to the twelfth magnitude or lower. The scale of the magnitudes is quite arbitrary, but by means of photometers, the classification has been made to tenths of a magnitude.", "magnitudes": "1. Extent of dimensions; size; -- applied to things that have length, breath, and thickness. Conceive those particles of bodies to be so disposed amongst themselves, that the intervals of empty spaces between them may be equal in magnitude to them all. Sir I. Newton. 2. (Geom.) That which has one or more of the three dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness. 3. Anything of which greater or less can be predicated, as time, weight, force, and the like. 4. Greatness; grandeur. \"With plain, heroic magnitude of mind.\" Milton. 5. Greatness, in reference to influence or effect; importance; as, an affair of magnitude. The magnitude of his designs. Bp. Horsley. Apparent magnitude (Opt.), the angular breadth of an object viewed as measured by the angle which it subtends at the eye of the observer; - - called also apparent diameter. -- Magnitude of a star (Astron.), the rank of a star with respect to brightness. About twenty very bright stars are said to be of first magnitude, the stars of the sixth magnitude being just visible to the naked eye. Telescopic stars are classified down to the twelfth magnitude or lower. The scale of the magnitudes is quite arbitrary, but by means of photometers, the classification has been made to tenths of a magnitude.", "magnolia": "A genus of American and Asiatic trees, with aromatic bark and large sweet-scented whitish or reddish flowers. Note: Magnolia grandiflora has coriaceous shining leaves and very fragrant blossoms. It is common from North Carolina to Florida and Texas, and is one of the most magnificent trees of the American forest. The sweet bay (M. glauca)is a small tree found sparingly as far north as Cape Ann. Other American species are M. Umbrella, M. macrophylla, M. Fraseri, M. acuminata, and M. cordata. M. conspicua and M. purpurea are cultivated shrubs or trees from Eastern Asia. M. Campbellii, of India, has rose-colored or crimson flowers. Magnolia warbler (Zoöl.), a beautiful North American wood warbler (Dendroica maculosa). The rump and under parts are bright yellow; the breast and belly are spotted with black; the under tail coverts are white; the crown is ash.", @@ -45777,42 +40135,24 @@ "magnon": null, "magnum": "1. A large wine bottle. They passed the magnum to one another freely. Sir W. Scott . 2. (Anat.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the third metacarpal bone.", "magnums": "1. A large wine bottle. They passed the magnum to one another freely. Sir W. Scott . 2. (Anat.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the third metacarpal bone.", - "magog": null, - "magoo": null, "magpie": "Any one of numerous species of the genus Pica and related genera, allied to the jays, but having a long graduated tail. Note: The common European magpie (Pica pica, or P. caudata) is a black and white noisy and mischievous bird. It can be taught to speak. The American magpie (P. Hudsonica) is very similar. The yellow-belled magpie (P. Nuttalli) inhabits California. The blue magpie (Cyanopolius Cooki) inhabits Spain. Other allied species are found in Asia. The Tasmanian and Australian magpies are crow shrikes, as the white magpie (Gymnorhina organicum), the black magpie (Strepera fuliginosa), and the Australian magpie (Cracticus picatus). Magpie lark (Zoöl.), a common Australian bird (Grallina picata), conspicuously marked with black and white; -- called also little magpie. -- Magpie moth (Zoöl.), a black and white European geometrid moth (Abraxas grossulariata); the harlequin moth. Its larva feeds on currant and gooseberry bushes.", "magpies": "Any one of numerous species of the genus Pica and related genera, allied to the jays, but having a long graduated tail. Note: The common European magpie (Pica pica, or P. caudata) is a black and white noisy and mischievous bird. It can be taught to speak. The American magpie (P. Hudsonica) is very similar. The yellow-belled magpie (P. Nuttalli) inhabits California. The blue magpie (Cyanopolius Cooki) inhabits Spain. Other allied species are found in Asia. The Tasmanian and Australian magpies are crow shrikes, as the white magpie (Gymnorhina organicum), the black magpie (Strepera fuliginosa), and the Australian magpie (Cracticus picatus). Magpie lark (Zoöl.), a common Australian bird (Grallina picata), conspicuously marked with black and white; -- called also little magpie. -- Magpie moth (Zoöl.), a black and white European geometrid moth (Abraxas grossulariata); the harlequin moth. Its larva feeds on currant and gooseberry bushes.", - "magritte": null, "mags": null, - "magsaysay": null, "magus": null, - "magyar": "1. (Ethnol.) One of the dominant people of Hungary, allied to the Finns; a Hungarian. 2. The language of the Magyars.", - "magyars": "1. (Ethnol.) One of the dominant people of Hungary, allied to the Finns; a Hungarian. 2. The language of the Magyars.", - "mahabharata": null, "maharajah": "A sovereign prince in India; -- a title given also to other persons of high rank.", "maharajahs": "A sovereign prince in India; -- a title given also to other persons of high rank.", "maharani": null, "maharanis": null, - "maharashtra": null, "maharishi": null, "maharishis": null, "mahatma": "One of a class of sages, or \"adepts,\" reputed to have knowledge and powers of a higher order than those of ordinary men. -- Ma*hat\"ma*ism (#), n.", "mahatmas": "One of a class of sages, or \"adepts,\" reputed to have knowledge and powers of a higher order than those of ordinary men. -- Ma*hat\"ma*ism (#), n.", - "mahavira": null, - "mahayana": null, - "mahayanist": null, - "mahdi": "Among Mohammedans, the last imam or leader of the faithful. The Sunni, the largest sect of the Mohammedans, believe that he is yet to appear. Note: The title has been taken by several persons in countries where Mohammedanism prevails, -- notably by Mohammad Ahmed, who overran the Egyptian Sudan, and in 1885 captured Khartum, his soldiers killing General Gordon, an Englishman, who was then the Egyptian governor of the region.", - "mahfouz": null, - "mahican": null, - "mahicans": null, - "mahler": null, "mahoganies": null, "mahogany": "1. (Bot.) A large tree of the genus Swietenia (S. Mahogoni), found in tropical America. Note: Several other trees, with wood more or less like mahogany, are called by this name; as, African mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis), Australian mahogany (Eucalyptus marginatus), Bastard mahogany (Batonia apetala of the West Indies), Indian mahogany (Cedrela Toona of Bengal, and trees of the genera Soymida and Chukrassia), Madeira mahogany (Persea Indica), Mountain mahogany, the black or cherry birch (Betula lenta), also the several species of Cercocarpus of California and the Rocky Mountains. 2. The wood of the Swietenia Mahogoni. It is of a reddish brown color, beautifully veined, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish. It is used in the manufacture of furniture. 3. A table made of mahogany wood. [Colloq.] To be under the mahogany, to be so drunk as to have fallen under the table. [Eng.] -- To put one's legs under some one's mahogany, to dine with him. [Slang]", "mahout": "The keeper and driver of an elephant. [East Indies]", "mahouts": "The keeper and driver of an elephant. [East Indies]", - "mai": null, "maid": "1. An unmarried woman; usually, a young unmarried woman; esp., a girl; a virgin; a maiden. Would I had died a maid, And never seen thee, never borne thee son. Shak. Can a maid forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire Yet my people have forgotten me. Jer. ii. 32. 2. A man who has not had sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Christ was a maid and shapen as a man. Chaucer. 3. A female servant. Spinning amongst her maids. Shak. Note: Maid is used either adjectively or in composition, signifying female, as in maid child, maidservant. 4. (Zoöl.) The female of a ray or skate, esp. of the gray skate (Raia batis), and of the thornback (R. clavata). [Prov. Eng.] Fair maid. (Zoöl.) See under Fair, a. -- Maid of honor, a female attendant of a queen or royal princess; - - usually of noble family, and having to perform only nominal or honorary duties. -- Old maid. See under Old.", "maiden": "1. An unmarried woman; a girl or woman who has not experienced sexual intercourse; a virgin; a maid. She employed the residue of her life to repairing of highways, building of bridges, and endowing of maidens. Carew. A maiden of our century, yet most meek. Tennyson. 2. A female servant. [Obs.] 3. An instrument resembling the guillotine, formerly used in Scotland for beheading criminals. Wharton. 4. A machine for washing linen.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to a maiden, or to maidens; suitable to, or characteristic of, a virgin; as, maiden innocence. \"Amid the maiden throng.\" Addison. Have you no modesty, no maiden shame Shak. 2. Never having been married; not having had sexual intercourse; virgin; -- said usually of the woman, but sometimes of the man; as, a maiden aunt. \"A surprising old maiden lady.\" Thackeray. 3. Fresh; innocent; unpolluted; pure; hitherto unused. \"Maiden flowers.' Shak. Full bravely hast thou fleshed Thy maiden sword. Shak. 4. Used of a fortress, signifying that it has never been captured, or violated. T. Warton. Macaulay. Maiden assize (Eng. Law), an assize which there is no criminal prosecution; an assize which is unpolluted with blood. It was usual, at such an assize, for the sheriff to present the judge with a pair of white gloves. Smart. -- Maiden name, the surname of a woman before her marriage. -- Maiden pink. (Bot.) See under Pink. -- Maiden plum (Bot.), a West Indian tree (Comocladia integrifolia) with purplish drupes. The sap of the tree is glutinous, and gives a persistent black stain. -- Maiden speech, the first speech made by a person, esp. by a new member in a public body. -- Maiden tower, the tower most capable of resisting an enemy.\n\nTo act coyly like a maiden; -- with it as an indefinite object. For had I maiden'd it, as many use. Loath for to grant, but loather to refuse. Bp. Hall.", - "maidenform": null, "maidenhair": "A fern of the genus Adiantum (A. pedatum), having very slender graceful stalks. It is common in the United States, and is sometimes used in medicine. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus, as to the Venus-hair. Maiden grass, the smaller quaking grass. -- Maiden tree. See Ginkgo.", "maidenhead": "1. The state of being a maiden; maidenhood; virginity. Shak. 2. The state of being unused or uncontaminated; freshness; purity. [Obs.] The maidenhead of their credit. Sir H. Wotton. 3. The hymen, or virginal membrane.", "maidenheads": "1. The state of being a maiden; maidenhood; virginity. Shak. 2. The state of being unused or uncontaminated; freshness; purity. [Obs.] The maidenhead of their credit. Sir H. Wotton. 3. The hymen, or virginal membrane.", @@ -45822,7 +40162,6 @@ "maids": "1. An unmarried woman; usually, a young unmarried woman; esp., a girl; a virgin; a maiden. Would I had died a maid, And never seen thee, never borne thee son. Shak. Can a maid forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire Yet my people have forgotten me. Jer. ii. 32. 2. A man who has not had sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Christ was a maid and shapen as a man. Chaucer. 3. A female servant. Spinning amongst her maids. Shak. Note: Maid is used either adjectively or in composition, signifying female, as in maid child, maidservant. 4. (Zoöl.) The female of a ray or skate, esp. of the gray skate (Raia batis), and of the thornback (R. clavata). [Prov. Eng.] Fair maid. (Zoöl.) See under Fair, a. -- Maid of honor, a female attendant of a queen or royal princess; - - usually of noble family, and having to perform only nominal or honorary duties. -- Old maid. See under Old.", "maidservant": "A female servant. MAID'S HAIR Maid's\" hair`. (Bot.) The yellow bedstraw (Galium verum).", "maidservants": "A female servant. MAID'S HAIR Maid's\" hair`. (Bot.) The yellow bedstraw (Galium verum).", - "maigret": null, "mail": "A spot. [Obs.]\n\n1. A small piece of money; especially, an English silver half-penny of the time of Henry V. [Obs.] [Written also maile, and maille.] 2. Rent; tribute. [Obs., except in certain compounds and phrases, as blackmail, mails and duties, etc.] Mail and duties (Scots Law), the rents of an estate, in whatever form paid.\n\n1. A flexible fabric made of metal rings interlinked. It was used especially for defensive armor. Chaucer. Chain mail, Coat of mail. See under Chain, and Coat. 2. Hence generally, armor, or any defensive covering. 3. (Naut.) A contrivance of interlinked rings, for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and white cordage. 4. (Zoöl.) Any hard protective covering of an animal, as the scales and plates of reptiles, shell of a lobster, etc. We . . . strip the lobster of his scarlet mail. Gay.\n\n1. To arm with mail. 2. To pinion. [Obs.]\n\n1. A bag; a wallet. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. The bag or bags with the letters, papers, papers, or other matter contained therein, conveyed under public authority from one post office to another; the whole system of appliances used by government in the conveyance and delivery of mail matter. There is a mail come in to-day, with letters dated Hague. Tatler. 3. That which comes in the mail; letters, etc., received through the post office. 4. A trunk, box, or bag, in which clothing, etc., may be carried. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott. Mail bag, a bag in which mailed matter is conveyed under public authority. -- Mail boat, a boat that carries the mail. -- Mail catcher, an iron rod, or other contrivance, attached to a railroad car for catching a mail bag while the train is in motion. -- Mail guard, an officer whose duty it is to guard the public mails. [Eng.] -- Mail train, a railroad train carrying the mail.\n\nTo deliver into the custody of the postoffice officials, or place in a government letter box, for transmission by mail; to post; as, to mail a letter. [U. S.] Note: In the United States to mail and to post are both in common use; as, to mail or post a letter. In England post is the commoner usage.", "mailbag": null, "mailbags": null, @@ -45837,7 +40176,6 @@ "mailers": null, "mailing": "A farm. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", "mailings": "A farm. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", - "maillol": null, "maillot": null, "maillots": null, "mailman": null, @@ -45846,15 +40184,10 @@ "mailshot": null, "mailshots": null, "maim": "1. To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person on fighting less able either to defend himself or to annoy his adversary. By the ancient law of England he that maimed any man whereby he lost any part of his body, was sentenced to lose the like part. Blackstone. 2. To mutilate; to cripple; to injure; to disable; to impair. My late maimed limbs lack wonted might. Spenser. You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak. Syn. -- To mutilate; mangle; cripple.\n\n1. The privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, by which one is rendered less able to defend himself or to annoy his adversary. 2. The privation of any necessary part; a crippling; mutilation; injury; deprivation of something essential. See Mayhem. Surely there is more cause to fear lest the want there of be a maim than the use of it a blemish. Hooker. A noble author esteems it to be a maim in history that the acts of Parliament should not be recited. Hayward.", - "maiman": null, "maimed": null, "maiming": null, - "maimonides": null, "maims": "1. To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person on fighting less able either to defend himself or to annoy his adversary. By the ancient law of England he that maimed any man whereby he lost any part of his body, was sentenced to lose the like part. Blackstone. 2. To mutilate; to cripple; to injure; to disable; to impair. My late maimed limbs lack wonted might. Spenser. You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak. Syn. -- To mutilate; mangle; cripple.\n\n1. The privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, by which one is rendered less able to defend himself or to annoy his adversary. 2. The privation of any necessary part; a crippling; mutilation; injury; deprivation of something essential. See Mayhem. Surely there is more cause to fear lest the want there of be a maim than the use of it a blemish. Hooker. A noble author esteems it to be a maim in history that the acts of Parliament should not be recited. Hayward.", "main": "1. A hand or match at dice. Prior. Thackeray. 2. A stake played for at dice. [Obs.] Shak. 3. The largest throw in a match at dice; a throw at dice within given limits, as in the game of hazard. 4. A match at cockfighting. \"My lord would ride twenty miles . . . to see a main fought.\" Thackeray. 5. A main-hamper. [Obs.] Ainsworth.\n\n1. Strength; force; might; violent effort. [Obs., except in certain phrases.] There were in this battle of most might and main. R. of Gl. He 'gan advance, With huge force, and with importable main. Spenser. 2. The chief or principal part; the main or most important thing. [Obs., except in special uses.] Resolved to rest upon the title of Lancaster as the main, and to use the other two . . . but as supporters. Bacon. 3. Specifically: (a) The great sea, as distinguished from an arm, bay, etc. ; the high sea; the ocean. \"Struggling in the main.\" Dryden. (b) The continent, as distinguished from an island; the mainland. \"Invaded the main of Spain.\" Bacon. (c) principal duct or pipe, as distinguished from lesser ones; esp. (Engin.), a principal pipe leading to or from a reservoir; as, a fire main. Forcing main, the delivery pipe of a pump. -- For the main, or In the main, for the most part; in the greatest part. -- With might and main, or With all one's might and main, with all one's strength; with violent effort. With might and main they chased the murderous fox. Dryden.\n\n1. Very or extremely strong. [Obs.] That current with main fury ran. Daniel. 2. Vast; huge. [Obs.] \"The main abyss.\" Milton. 3. Unqualified; absolute; entire; sheer. [Obs.] \"It's a man untruth.\" Sir W. Scott. 4. Principal; chief; first in size, rank, importance, etc. Our main interest is to be happy as we can. Tillotson. 5. Important; necessary. [Obs.] That which thou aright Believest so main to our success, I bring. Milton. By main force, by mere force or sheer force; by violent effort; as, to subdue insurrection by main force. That Maine which by main force Warwick did win. Shak. -- By main strength, by sheer strength; as, to lift a heavy weight by main strength. -- Main beam (Steam Engine), working beam. -- Main boom (Naut.), the boom which extends the foot of the mainsail in a fore and aft vessel. -- Main brace. (a) (Mech.) The brace which resists the chief strain. Cf. Counter brace. (b) (Naut.) The brace attached to the main yard. -- Main center (Steam Engine), a shaft upon which a working beam or side lever swings. -- Main chance. See under Chance. -- Main couple (Arch.), the principal truss in a roof. -- Main deck (Naut.), the deck next below the spar deck; the principal deck. -- Main keel (Naut.), the principal or true keel of a vessel, as distinguished from the false keel. Syn. -- Principal; chief; leading; cardinal; capital.\n\nVery extremely; as, main heavy. \"I'm main dry.\" Foote. [Obs. or Low]", - "maine": "One of the New England States. Maine law, any law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages, esp. one resembling that enacted in the State of Maine.", - "mainer": null, - "mainers": null, "mainframe": null, "mainframes": null, "mainland": "The continent; the principal land; -- opposed to island, or peninsula. Dryden. After the two wayfarers had crossed from the peninsula to the mainland. Hawthorne.", @@ -45888,20 +40221,16 @@ "maintenance": "1. The act of maintaining; sustenance; support; defense; vindication. Whatsoever is granted to the church for God's honor and the maintenance of his service, is granted to God. South. 2. That which maintains or supports; means of sustenance; supply of necessaries and conveniences. Those of better fortune not making learning their maintenance. Swift. 3. (Crim. Law) An officious or unlawful intermeddling in a cause depending between others, by assisting either party with money or means to carry it on. See Champerty. Wharton. Cap of maintenance. See under Cap.", "maintop": "The platform about the head of the mainmast in square-rigged vessels.", "maintops": "The platform about the head of the mainmast in square-rigged vessels.", - "maisie": null, "maisonette": null, "maisonettes": null, - "maitreya": null, "maize": "A large species of American grass of the genus Zea (Z. Mays), widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; Indian corn. Also, its seed, growing on cobs, and used as food for men animals. Maize eater (Zoöl.), a South American bird of the genus Pseudoleistes, allied to the troupials. -- Maize yellow, a delicate pale yellow.", "maizes": "A large species of American grass of the genus Zea (Z. Mays), widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; Indian corn. Also, its seed, growing on cobs, and used as food for men animals. Maize eater (Zoöl.), a South American bird of the genus Pseudoleistes, allied to the troupials. -- Maize yellow, a delicate pale yellow.", - "maj": null, "majestic": "Possessing or exhibiting majesty; of august dignity, stateliness, or imposing grandeur; lofty; noble; grand. \"The majestic world.\" Shak. \"Tethys'grave majestic pace.\" Milton. The least portions must be of the epic kind; all must be grave, majestic, and sublime. Dryden . Syn. -- August; splendid; grand; sublime; magnificent; imperial; regal; pompous; stately; lofty; dignified; elevated.", "majestically": null, "majesties": null, "majesty": "The dignity and authority of sovereign power; quality or state which inspires awe or reverence; grandeur; exalted dignity, whether proceeding from rank, character, or bearing; imposing loftiness; stateliness; -- usually applied to the rank and dignity of sovereigns. The Lord reigneth; he is clothed with majesty. Ps. xciii. 1. No sovereign has ever represented the majesty of great state with more dignity and grace. Macaulay. 2. Hence, used with the possessive pronoun, the title of an emperor, king or queen; -- in this sense taking a plural; as, their majesties attended the concert. In all the public writs which he [Emperor Charles V.] now issued as King of Spain, he assumed the title of Majesty, and required it from his subjects as a mark of respect. Before that time all the monarchs of Europe were satisfied with the appellation of Highness or Grace. Robertson. 3. Dignity; elevation of manner or style. Dryden.", "majolica": "A kind of pottery, with opaque glazing and showy, which reached its greatest perfection in Italy in the 16th century. Note: The term is said to be derived from Majorca, which was an early seat of this manufacture. Heyse.", "major": "1. Greater in number, quantity, or extent; as, the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory. 2. Of greater dignity; more important. Shak. 3. Of full legal age. [Obs.] 4. (Mus.) Greater by a semitone, either in interval or in difference of pitch from another tone. Major axis (Geom.), the greater axis. See Focus, n., 2. -- Major key (Mus.), a key in which one and two, two and three, four and five, five and six and seven, make major seconds, and three and four, and seven and eight, make minor seconds. -- Major offense (Law), an offense of a greater degree which contains a lesser offense, as murder and robbery include assault. -- Major premise (Logic), that premise of a syllogism which contains the major term. -- Major scale (Mus.), the natural diatonic scale, which has semitones between the third and fourth, and seventh and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees; the scale of the major mode, of which the third is major. See Scale, and Diatonic. -- Major second (Mus.), a second between whose tones is a difference in pitch of a step. -- Major sixth (Mus.), a sixth of four steps and a half step. In major keys the third and sixth from the key tone are major. Major keys and intervals, as distinguished from minors, are more cheerful. -- Major term (Logic), that term of a syllogism which forms the predicate of the conclusion. -- Major third (Mus.), a third of two steps.\n\n1. (Mil.) An officer next in rank above a captain and next below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer. 2. (Law) A person of full age. 3. (Logic) That premise which contains the major term. It its the first proposition of a regular syllogism; as: No unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven [the major]. Every man in his natural state is unholy [minor]. Therefore, no man in his natural state is qualified for happiness in heaven [conclusion or inference]. Note: In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is called the major. 4. Etym: [LL. See Major.] A mayor. [Obs.] Bacon.", - "majorca": null, "majordomo": null, "majordomos": null, "majored": null, @@ -45915,8 +40244,6 @@ "majority": "1. The quality or condition of being major or greater; superiority. Specifically: (a) The military rank of a major. (b) The condition of being of full age, or authorized by law to manage one's own affairs. 2. The greater number; more than half; as, a majority of mankind; a majority of the votes cast. 3. Etym: [Cf. L. majores.] Ancestors; ancestry. [Obs.] 4. The amount or number by which one aggregate exceeds all other aggregates with which it is contrasted; especially, the number by which the votes for a successful candidate exceed those for all other candidates; as, he is elected by a majority of five hundred votes. See Plurality. To go over to, or To join, the majority, to die.", "majorly": null, "majors": "1. Greater in number, quantity, or extent; as, the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory. 2. Of greater dignity; more important. Shak. 3. Of full legal age. [Obs.] 4. (Mus.) Greater by a semitone, either in interval or in difference of pitch from another tone. Major axis (Geom.), the greater axis. See Focus, n., 2. -- Major key (Mus.), a key in which one and two, two and three, four and five, five and six and seven, make major seconds, and three and four, and seven and eight, make minor seconds. -- Major offense (Law), an offense of a greater degree which contains a lesser offense, as murder and robbery include assault. -- Major premise (Logic), that premise of a syllogism which contains the major term. -- Major scale (Mus.), the natural diatonic scale, which has semitones between the third and fourth, and seventh and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees; the scale of the major mode, of which the third is major. See Scale, and Diatonic. -- Major second (Mus.), a second between whose tones is a difference in pitch of a step. -- Major sixth (Mus.), a sixth of four steps and a half step. In major keys the third and sixth from the key tone are major. Major keys and intervals, as distinguished from minors, are more cheerful. -- Major term (Logic), that term of a syllogism which forms the predicate of the conclusion. -- Major third (Mus.), a third of two steps.\n\n1. (Mil.) An officer next in rank above a captain and next below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer. 2. (Law) A person of full age. 3. (Logic) That premise which contains the major term. It its the first proposition of a regular syllogism; as: No unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven [the major]. Every man in his natural state is unholy [minor]. Therefore, no man in his natural state is qualified for happiness in heaven [conclusion or inference]. Note: In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is called the major. 4. Etym: [LL. See Major.] A mayor. [Obs.] Bacon.", - "majuro": null, - "makarios": null, "make": "A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife. [Obs.] For in this world no woman is Worthy to be my make. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cause to exist; to bring into being; to form; to produce; to frame; to fashion; to create. Hence, in various specific uses or applications: (a) To form of materials; to cause to exist in a certain form; to construct; to fabricate. He . . . fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf. Ex. xxxii. 4. (b) To produce, as something artificial, unnatural, or false; -- often with up; as, to make up a story. And Art, with her contending, doth aspire To excel the natural with made delights. Spenser. (c) To bring about; to bring forward; to be the cause or agent of; to effect, do, perform, or execute; -- often used with a noun to form a phrase equivalent to the simple verb that corresponds to such noun; as, to make complaint, for to complain; to make record of, for to record; to make abode, for to abide, etc. Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. Judg. xvi. 25. Wealth maketh many friends. Prov. xix. 4. I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of the faults which I have made. Dryden. (d) To execute with the requisite formalities; as, to make a bill, note, will, deed, etc. (e) To gain, as the result of one's efforts; to get, as profit; to make acquisition of; to have accrue or happen to one; as, to make a large profit; to make an error; to make a loss; to make money. He accuseth Neptune unjustly who makes shipwreck a second time. Bacon. (f) To find, as the result of calculation or computation; to ascertain by enumeration; to find the number or amount of, by reckoning, weighing, measurement, and the like; as, he made the distance of; to travel over; as, the ship makes ten knots an hour; he made the distance in one day. (h) To put a desired or desirable condition; to cause to thrive. Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown. Dryden. 2. To cause to be or become; to put into a given state verb, or adjective; to constitute; as, to make known; to make public; to make fast. Who made thee a prince and a judge over us Ex. ii. 14. See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. Ex. vii. 1. Note: When used reflexively with an adjective, the reflexive pronoun is often omitted; as, to make merry; to make bold; to make free, etc. 3. To cause to appear to be; to constitute subjectively; to esteem, suppose, or represent. He is not that goose and ass that Valla would make him. Baker. 4. To require; to constrain; to compel; to force; to cause; to occasion; -- followed by a noun or pronoun and infinitive. Note: In the active voice the to of the infinitive is usually omitted. I will make them hear my words. Deut. iv. 10. They should be made to rise at their early hour. Locke. 5. To become; to be, or to be capable of being, changed or fashioned into; to do the part or office of; to furnish the material for; as, he will make a good musician; sweet cider makes sour vinegar; wool makes warm clothing. And old cloak makes a new jerkin. Shak. 6. To compose, as parts, ingredients, or materials; to constitute; to form; to amount to. The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea, Make but one temple for the Deity. Waller. 7. To be engaged or concerned in. [Obs.] Gomez, what makest thou here, with a whole brotherhood of city bailiffs Dryden. 8. To reach; to attain; to arrive at or in sight of. \"And make the Libyan shores.\" Dryden. They that sail in the middle can make no land of either side. Sir T. Browne. To make a bed, to prepare a bed for being slept on, or to put it in order. -- To make a card (Card Playing), to take a trick with it. -- To make account. See under Account, n. -- To make account of, to esteem; to regard. -- To make away. (a) To put out of the way; to kill; to destroy. [Obs.] If a child were crooked or deformed in body or mind, they made him away. Burton. (b) To alienate; to transfer; to make over. [Obs.] Waller. -- To make believe, to pretend; to feign; to simulate. -- To make bold, to take the liberty; to venture. -- To make the cards (Card Playing), to shuffle the pack. -- To make choice of, to take by way of preference; to choose. -- To make danger, to make experiment. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- To make default (Law), to fail to appear or answer. -- To make the doors, to shut the door. [Obs.] Make the doors upon a woman's wit, and it will out at the casement. Shak. - To make free with. See under Free, a. -- To make good. See under Good. -- To make head, to make headway. -- To make light of. See under Light, a. -- To make little of. (a) To belittle. (b) To accomplish easily. -- To make love to. See under Love, n. -- To make meat, to cure meat in the open air. [Colloq. Western U. S.] -- To make merry, to feast; to be joyful or jovial. -- To make much of, to treat with much consideration,, attention, or fondness; to value highly. -- To make no bones. See under Bone, n. -- To make no difference, to have no weight or influence; to be a matter of indifference. -- To make no doubt, to have no doubt. -- To make no matter, to have no weight or importance; to make no difference. -- To make oath (Law), to swear, as to the truth of something, in a prescribed form of law. -- To make of. (a) To understand or think concerning; as, not to know what to make of the news. (b) To pay attention to; to cherish; to esteem; to account. \"Makes she no more of me than of a slave.\" Dryden. -- To make one's law (Old Law), to adduce proof to clear one's self of a charge. -- To make out. (a) To find out; to discover; to decipher; as, to make out the meaning of a letter. (b) To prove; to establish; as, the plaintiff was unable to make out his case. (c) To make complete or exact; as, he was not able to make out the money. -- To make over, to transfer the title of; to convey; to alienate; as, he made over his estate in trust or in fee. -- To make sail. (Naut.) (a) To increase the quantity of sail already extended. (b) To set sail. -- To make shift, to manage by expedients; as, they made shift to do without it. [Colloq.]. -- To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost; to go or drift backward. -- To make strange, to act in an unfriendly manner or as if surprised; to treat as strange; as, to make strange of a request or suggestion. -- To make suit to, to endeavor to gain the favor of; to court. -- To make sure. See under Sure. -- To make up. (a) To collect into a sum or mass; as, to make up the amount of rent; to make up a bundle or package. (b) To reconcile; to compose; as, to make up a difference or quarrel. (c) To supply what is wanting in; to complete; as, a dollar is wanted to make up the stipulated sum. (d) To compose, as from ingredients or parts; to shape, prepare, or fabricate; as, to make up a mass into pills; to make up a story. He was all made up of love and charms! Addison. (e) To compensate; to make good; as, to make up a loss. (f) To adjust, or to arrange for settlement; as, to make up accounts. (g) To dress and paint for a part, as an actor; as, he was well made up. -- To make up a face, to distort the face as an expression of pain or derision. -- To make up one's mind, to reach a mental determination; to resolve. -- To make water. (a) (Naut.) To leak. (b) To urinate. -- To make way, or To make one's way. (a) To make progress; to advance. (b) To open a passage; to clear the way. -- To make words, to multiply words.\n\n1. To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to interfere; to be active; -- often in the phrase to meddle or make. [Obs.] A scurvy, jack-a-nape priest to meddle or make. Shak. 2. To proceed; to tend; to move; to go; as, he made toward home; the tiger made at the sportsmen. Note: Formerly, authors used to make on, to make forth, to make about; but these phrases are obsolete. We now say, to make at, to make away, to make for, to make off, to make toward, etc. 3. To tend; to contribute; to have effect; -- with for or against; as, it makes for his advantage. M. Arnold. Follow after the things which make for peace. Rom. xiv. 19. Considerations infinite Do make against it. Shak. 4. To increase; to augment; to accrue. 5. To compose verses; to write poetry; to versify. [Archaic] Chaucer. Tennyson. To solace him some time, as I do when I make. P. Plowman. To make as if, or To make as though, to pretend that; to make show that; to make believe (see under Make, v. t.). Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled. Josh. viii. 15. My lord of London maketh as though he were greatly displeased with me. Latimer. -- To make at, to go toward hastily, or in a hostile manner; to attack. -- To make away with. (a) To carry off. (b) To transfer or alienate; hence, to spend; to dissipate. (c) To kill; to destroy. -- To make off, to go away suddenly. -- To make out, to succeed; to be able at last; to make shift; as, he made out to reconcile the contending parties. -- To make up, to become reconciled or friendly. -- To make up for, to compensate for; to supply an equivalent for. -- To make up to. (a) To approach; as, a suspicious boat made up to us. (b) To pay addresses to; to make love to. -- To make up with, to become reconciled to. [Colloq.] -- To make with, to concur or agree with. Hooker.\n\nStructure, texture, constitution of parts; construction; shape; form. It our perfection of so frail a make As every plot can undermine and shake Dryden. On the make,bent upon making great profits; greedy of gain. [Low, U. S.]", "makeover": null, "makeovers": null, @@ -45931,10 +40258,6 @@ "makeweights": "That which is thrown into a scale to make weight; something of little account added to supply a deficiency or fill a gap.", "making": "1. The act of one who makes; workmanship; fabrication; construction; as, this is cloth of your own making; the making of peace or war was in his power. 2. Composition, or structure. 3. a poem.[Obs.] Sir J. Davies. 4. That which establishes or places in a desirable state or condition; the material of which something may be made; as, early misfortune was the making of him. 5. External appearance; from. [Obs.] Shak.", "makings": "1. The act of one who makes; workmanship; fabrication; construction; as, this is cloth of your own making; the making of peace or war was in his power. 2. Composition, or structure. 3. a poem.[Obs.] Sir J. Davies. 4. That which establishes or places in a desirable state or condition; the material of which something may be made; as, early misfortune was the making of him. 5. External appearance; from. [Obs.] Shak.", - "malabar": "A region in the western part of the Peninsula of India, between the mountains and the sea. Malabar nut (Bot.), the seed of an East Indian acanthaceous shrub, the Adhatoda Vasica, sometimes used medicinally.", - "malabo": null, - "malacca": "A town and district upon the seacoast of the Malay Peninsula. Malacca cane (Bot.), a cane obtained from a species of palm of the genus Calamus (C. Scipionum), and of a brown color, often mottled. The plant is a native of Cochin China, Sumatra, and Malays.", - "malachi": null, "malachite": "Native hydrous carbonate of copper, usually occurring in green mammillary masses with concentric fibrous structure. Note: Green malachite, or malachite proper, admits of a high polish, and is sometimes used for ornamental work. Blue malachite, or azurite, is a related species of a deep blue color. Malachite green. See Emerald green, under Green, n.", "maladies": null, "maladjusted": null, @@ -45944,38 +40267,17 @@ "maladroitly": null, "maladroitness": null, "malady": "1. Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder. The maladies of the body may prove medicines to the mind. Buckminster. 2. A moral or mental defect or disorder. Love's a malady without a cure. Dryden. Syn. -- Disorder; distemper; sickness; ailment; disease; illness. See Disease.", - "malagasy": "A native or natives of Madagascar; also (sing.), the language.", "malaise": "An indefinite feeling of uneasiness, or of being sick or ill at ease.", - "malamud": null, "malamute": null, "malamutes": null, - "malaprop": null, "malapropism": "A grotesque misuse of a word; a word so used.", "malapropisms": "A grotesque misuse of a word; a word so used.", "malaria": "1. Air infected with some noxious substance capable of engendering disease; esp., an unhealthy exhalation from certain soils, as marshy or wet lands, producing fevers; miasma. Note: The morbific agent in malaria is supposed by some to be a vegetable microbe or its spores, and by others to be a very minute animal blood parasite (an infusorian). 2. (Med.) A morbid condition produced by exhalations from decaying vegetable matter in contact with moisture, giving rise to fever and ague and many other symptoms characterized by their tendency to recur at definite and usually uniform intervals.", "malarial": "Of or pertaining, to or infected by, malaria. Malarial fever (Med.), a fever produced by malaria, and characterized by the occurrence of chills, fever, and sweating in distinct paroxysms, At intervals of definite and often uniform duration, in which these symptoms are wholly absent (intermittent fever), or only partially so (remittent fever); fever and ague; chills and fever.", "malarkey": null, "malathion": null, - "malawi": null, - "malawian": null, - "malawians": null, - "malay": "One of a race of a brown or copper complexion in the Malay Peninsula and the western islands of the Indian Archipelago.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Malays or their country. -- n. The Malay language. Malay apple (Bot.), a myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Malaccensis) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.", - "malaya": null, - "malayalam": "The name given to one the cultivated Dravidian languages, closely related to the Tamil. Yule.", - "malayan": "Of or pertaining to the Malays or their country. -- n. The Malay language. Malay apple (Bot.), a myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Malaccensis) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.", - "malayans": "Of or pertaining to the Malays or their country. -- n. The Malay language. Malay apple (Bot.), a myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Malaccensis) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.", - "malays": "One of a race of a brown or copper complexion in the Malay Peninsula and the western islands of the Indian Archipelago.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Malays or their country. -- n. The Malay language. Malay apple (Bot.), a myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Malaccensis) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.", - "malaysia": null, - "malaysian": null, - "malaysians": null, - "malcolm": null, "malcontent": "discontented; uneasy; dissatisfied; especially, dissatisfied with the government. [Written also malecontent.] The famous malcontent earl of Leicester. Milner.\n\nOne who discontented; especially, a discontented subject of a government; one who express his discontent by words or overt acts. Spenser. Berkeley.", "malcontents": "discontented; uneasy; dissatisfied; especially, dissatisfied with the government. [Written also malecontent.] The famous malcontent earl of Leicester. Milner.\n\nOne who discontented; especially, a discontented subject of a government; one who express his discontent by words or overt acts. Spenser. Berkeley.", - "maldive": null, - "maldives": null, - "maldivian": null, - "maldivians": null, - "maldonado": null, "male": "Evil; wicked; bad. [Obs.] Marston.\n\nSame as Mail, a bag. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the sex that begets or procreates young, or (in a wider sense) to the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the ova are fertilized; not female; as, male organs. 2. (Bot.) Capable of producing fertilization, but not of bearing fruit; - - said of stamens and antheridia, and of the plants, or parts of plants, which bear them. 3. Suitable to the male sex; characteristic or suggestive of a male; masculine; as, male courage. 4. Consisting of males; as, a male choir. 5. (Mech.) Adapted for entering another corresponding piece (the female piece) which is hollow and which it fits; as, a male gauge, for gauging the size or shape of a hole; a male screw, etc. Male berry (Bot.), a kind of coffee. See Pea berry. -- Male fern (Bot.), a fern of the genus Aspidium (A. Filixmas), used in medicine as an anthelmintic, esp. against the tapeworm. Aspidium marginale in America, and A. athamanticum in South Africa, are used as good substitutes for the male fern in medical practice. See Female fern, under Female. -- Male rhyme, a rhyme in which only the last syllables agree, as laid, afraid, dismayed. See Female rhyme, under Female. -- Male screw (Mech.), a screw having threads upon its exterior which enter the grooves upon the inside of a corresponding nut or female screw. -- Male thread, the thread of a male screw.\n\n1. An animal of the male sex. 2. (Bot.) A plant bearing only staminate flowers.", "malediction": "A proclaiming of evil against some one; a cursing; imprecation; a curse or execration; -- opposed to benediction. No malediction falls from his tongue. Longfellow. Syn. -- Cursing; curse; execration; imprecation; denunciation; anathema. -- Malediction, Curse, Imprecation, Execration. Malediction is the most general term, denoting bitter reproach, or wishes and predictions of evil. Curse implies the desire or threat of evil, declared upon oath or in the most solemn manner. Imprecation is literally the praying down of evil upon a person. Execration is literally a putting under the ban of excommunication, a curse which excludes from the kingdom of God. In ordinary usage, the last three words describe profane swearing, execration being the strongest.", "maledictions": "A proclaiming of evil against some one; a cursing; imprecation; a curse or execration; -- opposed to benediction. No malediction falls from his tongue. Longfellow. Syn. -- Cursing; curse; execration; imprecation; denunciation; anathema. -- Malediction, Curse, Imprecation, Execration. Malediction is the most general term, denoting bitter reproach, or wishes and predictions of evil. Curse implies the desire or threat of evil, declared upon oath or in the most solemn manner. Imprecation is literally the praying down of evil upon a person. Execration is literally a putting under the ban of excommunication, a curse which excludes from the kingdom of God. In ordinary usage, the last three words describe profane swearing, execration being the strongest.", @@ -45998,10 +40300,6 @@ "malfunctioned": null, "malfunctioning": null, "malfunctions": null, - "mali": null, - "malian": null, - "malians": null, - "malibu": null, "malice": "1. Enmity of heart; malevolence; ill will; a spirit delighting in harm or misfortune to another; a disposition to injure another; a malignant design of evil. \"Nor set down aught in malice.\" Shak. Envy, hatred, and malice are three distinct passions of the mind. Ld. Holt. 2. (Law) Any wicked or mischievous intention of the mind; a depraved inclination to mischief; an intention to vex, annoy, or injure another person, or to do a wrongful act without just cause or cause or excuse; a wanton disregard of the rights or safety of others; willfulness. Malice aforethought or prepense, malice previously and deliberately entertained. Syn. -- Spite; ill will; malevolence; grudge; pique; bitterness; animosity; malignity; maliciousness; rancor; virulence. See Spite. -- Malevolence, Malignity, Malignancy. Malice is a stronger word than malevolence, which may imply only a desire that evil may befall another, while malice desires, and perhaps intends, to bring it about. Malignity is intense and deepseated malice. It implies a natural delight in hating and wronging others. One who is malignant must be both malevolent and malicious; but a man may be malicious without being malignant. Proud tyrants who maliciously destroy And ride o'er ruins with malignant joy. Somerville. in some connections, malignity seems rather more pertinently applied to a radical depravity of nature, and malignancy to indications of this depravity, in temper and conduct in particular instances. Cogan.\n\nTo regard with extreme ill will. [Obs.]", "malicious": "1. Indulging or exercising malice; harboring ill will or enmity. I grant him bloody, . . . Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin That has a name. Shak. 2. Proceeding from hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; as, a malicious report; malicious mischief. 3. (Law) With wicked or mischievous intentions or motives; wrongful and done intentionally without just cause or excuse; as, a malicious act. Malicious abandonment, the desertion of a wife or husband without just cause. Burrill. -- Malicious mischief (Law), malicious injury to the property of another; -- an offense at common law. Wharton. -- Malicious prosecution or arrest (Law), a wanton prosecution or arrest, by regular process in a civil or criminal proceeding, without probable cause. Bouvier. Syn. -- Ill-disposed; evil-minded; mischievous; envious; malevolent; invidious; spiteful; bitter; malignant; rancorous; malign. -- Ma*li\"cious*ly, adv. -- Ma*li\"cious*ness, n.", "maliciously": null, @@ -46015,24 +40313,19 @@ "maligning": null, "malignity": "1. The state or quality of being malignant; disposition to do evil; virulent enmity; malignancy; malice; spite. 2. Virulence; deadly quality. His physicians discerned an invincible malignity in his disease. Hayward. 3. Extreme evilness of nature or influence; perniciousness; heinousness; as, the malignity of fraud. [R.] Syn. -- See Malice.", "maligns": "1. Having an evil disposition toward others; harboring violent enmity; malevolent; malicious; spiteful; -- opposed to benign. Witchcraft may be by operation of malign spirits. Bacon. 2. Unfavorable; unpropitious; pernicious; tending to injure; as, a malign aspect of planets. 3. Malignant; as, a malign ulcer. [R.] Bacon.\n\nTo treat with malice; to show hatred toward; to abuse; to wrong; to injure. [Obs.] The people practice what mischiefs and villainies they will against private men, whom they malign by stealing their goods, or murdering them. Spenser. 2. To speak great evil of; to traduce; to defame; to slander; to vilify; to asperse. To be envied and shot at; to be maligned standing, and to be despised falling. South.\n\nTo entertain malice. [Obs.]", - "malinda": null, "malinger": "To act the part of a malingerer; to feign illness or inability.", "malingered": null, "malingerer": "In the army, a soldier who feigns himself sick, or who induces or protracts an illness, in order to avoid doing his duty; hence, in general, one who shirks his duty by pretending illness or inability.", "malingerers": "In the army, a soldier who feigns himself sick, or who induces or protracts an illness, in order to avoid doing his duty; hence, in general, one who shirks his duty by pretending illness or inability.", "malingering": null, "malingers": "To act the part of a malingerer; to feign illness or inability.", - "malinowski": null, "mall": "1. A large heavy wooden beetle; a mallet for driving anything with force; a maul. Addison. 2. A heavy blow. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. An old game played with malls or mallets and balls. See Pall-mall. Cotton. 4. A place where the game of mall was played. Hence: A public walk; a level shaded walk. Part of the area was laid out in gravel walks, and planted with elms; and these convenient and frequented walks obtained the name of the City Mall. Southey.\n\nTo beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy; to bruise; to maul.\n\nFormerly, among Teutonic nations, a meeting of the notables of a state for the transaction of public business, such meeting being a modification of the ancient popular assembly. Hence: (a) A court of justice. (b) A place where justice is administered. (c) A place where public meetings are held. Councils, which had been as frequent as diets or malls, ceased. Milman.", "mallard": "1. (Zoöl.) A drake; the male of Anas boschas. 2. (Zoöl.) A large wild duck (Anas boschas) inhabiting both America and Europe. The domestic duck has descended from this species. Called also greenhead.", "mallards": "1. (Zoöl.) A drake; the male of Anas boschas. 2. (Zoöl.) A large wild duck (Anas boschas) inhabiting both America and Europe. The domestic duck has descended from this species. Called also greenhead.", - "mallarme": null, "malleability": "The quality or state of being malleable; -- opposed to friability and brittleness. Locke.", "malleable": "Capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer, or by the pressure of rollers; -- applied to metals. Malleable iron, iron that is capable of extension or of being shaped under the hammer; decarbonized cast iron. See under Iron. -- Malleable iron castings, articles cast from pig iron and made malleable by heating then for several days in the presence of some substance, as hematite, which deprives the cast iron of some of its carbon.", "mallet": "A small maul with a short handle, -- used esp. for driving a tool, as a chisel or the like; also, a light beetle with a long handle, -- used in playing croquet.", "mallets": "A small maul with a short handle, -- used esp. for driving a tool, as a chisel or the like; also, a light beetle with a long handle, -- used in playing croquet.", - "mallomars": null, - "mallory": null, "mallow": "A genus of plants (Malva) having mucilaginous qualities. See Malvaceous. Note: The flowers of the common mallow (M. sylvestris) are used in medicine. The dwarf mallow (M. rotundifolia) is a common weed, and its flattened, dick-shaped fruits are called cheeses by children. Tree mallow (M. Mauritiana and Lavatera arborea), musk mallow (M. moschata), rose mallow or hollyhock, and curled mallow (M. crispa), are less commonly seen. Indian mallow. See Abutilon. -- Jew's mallow, a plant (Corchorus olitorius) used as a pot herb by the Jews of Egypt and Syria. -- Marsh mallow. See under Marsh.", "mallows": "A genus of plants (Malva) having mucilaginous qualities. See Malvaceous. Note: The flowers of the common mallow (M. sylvestris) are used in medicine. The dwarf mallow (M. rotundifolia) is a common weed, and its flattened, dick-shaped fruits are called cheeses by children. Tree mallow (M. Mauritiana and Lavatera arborea), musk mallow (M. moschata), rose mallow or hollyhock, and curled mallow (M. crispa), are less commonly seen. Indian mallow. See Abutilon. -- Jew's mallow, a plant (Corchorus olitorius) used as a pot herb by the Jews of Egypt and Syria. -- Marsh mallow. See under Marsh.", "malls": "1. A large heavy wooden beetle; a mallet for driving anything with force; a maul. Addison. 2. A heavy blow. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. An old game played with malls or mallets and balls. See Pall-mall. Cotton. 4. A place where the game of mall was played. Hence: A public walk; a level shaded walk. Part of the area was laid out in gravel walks, and planted with elms; and these convenient and frequented walks obtained the name of the City Mall. Southey.\n\nTo beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy; to bruise; to maul.\n\nFormerly, among Teutonic nations, a meeting of the notables of a state for the transaction of public business, such meeting being a modification of the ancient popular assembly. Hence: (a) A court of justice. (b) A place where justice is administered. (c) A place where public meetings are held. Councils, which had been as frequent as diets or malls, ceased. Milman.", @@ -46040,20 +40333,11 @@ "malnutrition": "Faulty or imperfect nutrition.", "malocclusion": null, "malodorous": "Offensive to the sense of smell; ill-smelling. -- Mal*o\"dor*ous*ness. n. Carlyle. [1913 Webster]", - "malone": null, - "malory": null, - "malplaquet": null, "malpractice": "Evil practice; illegal or immoral conduct; practice contrary to established rules; specifically, the treatment of a case by a surgeon or physician in a manner which is contrary to accepted rules and productive of unfavorable results. [Written also malepractice.]", "malpractices": "Evil practice; illegal or immoral conduct; practice contrary to established rules; specifically, the treatment of a case by a surgeon or physician in a manner which is contrary to accepted rules and productive of unfavorable results. [Written also malepractice.]", - "malraux": null, "malt": "Barley or other grain, steeped in water and dried in a kiln, thus forcing germination until the saccharine principle has been evolved. It is used in brewing and in the distillation of whisky.\n\nRelating to, containing, or made with, malt. Malt liquor, an alcoholic liquor, as beer, ale, porter, etc., prepared by fermenting an infusion of malt. -- Malt dust, fine particles of malt, or of the grain used in making malt; -used as a fertilizer. \" Malt dust consists chiefly of the infant radicle separated from the grain.\" Sir H. Davy. -- Malt floor, a floor for drying malt. -- Malt house, or Malthouse, a house in which malt is made. -- Malt kiln, a heated chamber for drying malt.\n\nTo make into malt; as, to malt barley.\n\nTo become malt; also, to make grain into malt. Mortimer.", - "malta": null, "malted": null, "malteds": null, - "maltese": "Of or pertaining to Malta or to its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Malta; the people of Malta. Maltese cat (Zoöl.), a mouse-colored variety of the domestic cat. -- Maltese cross. See Illust. 5, of Cross. -- Maltese dog (Zoöl.), a breed of small terriers, having long silky white hair. The breed originated in Malta.", - "malthus": null, - "malthusian": "Of or pertaining to the political economist, the Rev. T. R. Malthus, or conforming to his views; as, Malthusian theories. Note: Malthus held that population tends to increase faster than its means of subsistence can be made to do, and hence that the lower classes must necessarily suffer more or less from lack of food, unless an increase of population be checked by prudential restraint or otherwise.\n\nA follower of Malthus.", - "malthusians": "Of or pertaining to the political economist, the Rev. T. R. Malthus, or conforming to his views; as, Malthusian theories. Note: Malthus held that population tends to increase faster than its means of subsistence can be made to do, and hence that the lower classes must necessarily suffer more or less from lack of food, unless an increase of population be checked by prudential restraint or otherwise.\n\nA follower of Malthus.", "maltier": null, "maltiest": null, "malting": "The process of making, or of becoming malt.", @@ -46075,9 +40359,6 @@ "mamboed": null, "mamboing": null, "mambos": null, - "mameluke": "One of a body of mounted soldiers recruited from slaves converted to Mohammedanism, who, during several centuries, had more or less control of the government of Egypt, until exterminated or dispersed by Mehemet Ali in 1811.", - "mamet": null, - "mamie": null, "mamma": "Mother; -- word of tenderness and familiarity. [Written also mama.] Tell tales papa and mamma. Swift.\n\nA glandular organ for secreting milk, characteristic of all mammals, but usually rudimentary in the male; a mammary gland; a breast; under; bag.", "mammal": "One of the Mammalia. Age of mammals. See under Age, n., 8.", "mammalian": "Of or pertaining to the Mammalia or mammals.", @@ -46092,7 +40373,6 @@ "mammoth": "An extinct, hairy, maned elephant (Elephas primigenius), of enormous size, remains of which are found in the northern parts of both continents. The last of the race, in Europe, were coeval with prehistoric man. Note: Several specimens have been found in Siberia preserved entire, with the flesh and hair remaining. They were imbedded in the ice cliffs at a remote period, and became exposed by the melting of the ice.\n\nResembling the mammoth in size; very large; gigantic; as, a mammoth ox.", "mammoths": "An extinct, hairy, maned elephant (Elephas primigenius), of enormous size, remains of which are found in the northern parts of both continents. The last of the race, in Europe, were coeval with prehistoric man. Note: Several specimens have been found in Siberia preserved entire, with the flesh and hair remaining. They were imbedded in the ice cliffs at a remote period, and became exposed by the melting of the ice.\n\nResembling the mammoth in size; very large; gigantic; as, a mammoth ox.", "mammy": "A child's name for mamma, mother.", - "mamore": null, "mams": "Mamma.\n\nMamma.", "man": "1. A human being; -- opposed tobeast. These men went about wide, and man found they none, But fair country, and wild beast many [a] one. R. of Glouc. The king is but a man, as I am; the violet smells to him as it doth to me. Shak. 2. Especially: An adult male person; a grown-up male person, as distinguished from a woman or a child. When I became a man, I put away childish things. I Cor. xiii. 11. Ceneus, a woman once, and once a man. Dryden. 3. The human race; mankind. And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, and let them have dominion. Gen. i. 26. The proper study of mankind is man. Pope. 4. The male portion of the human race. Woman has, in general, much stronger propensity than man to the discharge of parental duties. Cowper. 5. One possessing in a high degree the distinctive qualities of manhood; one having manly excellence of any kind. Shak. This was the noblest Roman of them all . . . the elements So mixed in him that Nature might stand up And say to all the world \"This was a man! Shak. 6. An adult male servant; also, a vassal; a subject. Like master, like man. Old Proverb. The vassal, or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered, and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his man from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honor. Blackstone. 7. A term of familiar address often implying on the part of the speaker some degree of authority, impatience, or haste; as, Come, man, we 've no time to lose ! 8. A married man; a husband; -- correlative to wife. I pronounce that they are man and wife. Book of Com. Prayer. every wife ought to answer for her man. Addison. 9. One, or any one, indefinitely; -- a modified survival of the Saxon use of man, or mon, as an indefinite pronoun. A man can not make him laugh. Shak. A man would expect to find some antiquities; but all they have to show of this nature is an old rostrum of a Roman ship. Addison. 10. One of the piece with which certain games, as chess or draughts, are played. Note: Man is often used as a prefix in composition, or as a separate adjective, its sense being usually self-explaining; as, man child, man eater or maneater, man-eating, man hater or manhater, man-hating, manhunter, man-hunting, mankiller, man-killing, man midwife, man pleaser, man servant, man-shaped, manslayer, manstealer, man- stealing, manthief, man worship, etc. Man is also used as a suffix to denote a person of the male sex having a business which pertains to the thing spoken of in the qualifying part of the compound; ashman, butterman, laundryman, lumberman, milkman, fireman, showman, waterman, woodman. Where the combination is not familiar, or where some specific meaning of the compound is to be avoided, man is used as a separate substantive in the foregoing sense; as, apple man, cloth man, coal man, hardware man, wood man (as distinguished from woodman). Man ape (Zoöl.), a anthropoid ape, as the gorilla. -- Man at arms, a designation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries for a soldier fully armed. -- Man engine, a mechanical lift for raising or lowering people through considerable distances; specifically (Mining), a contrivance by which miners ascend or descend in a shaft. It consists of a series of landings in the shaft and an equal number of shelves on a vertical rod which has an up and down motion equal to the distance between the successive landings. A man steps from a landing to a shelf and is lifted or lowered to the next landing, upon which he them steps, and so on, traveling by successive stages. -- Man Friday, a person wholly subservient to the will of another, like Robinson Crusoe's servant Friday. -- Man of straw, a puppet; one who is controlled by others; also, one who is not responsible pecuniarily. -- Man-of-the earth (Bot.), a twining plant (Ipomoea pandurata) with leaves and flowers much like those of the morning-glory, but having an immense tuberous farinaceous root. -- Man of war. (a) A warrior; a soldier. Shak. (b) (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary. -- To be one's own man, to have command of one's self; not to be subject to another.\n\n1. To supply with men; to furnish with a sufficient force or complement of men, as for management, service, defense, or the like; to guard; as, to man a ship, boat, or fort. See how the surly Warwick mans the wall ! Shak. They man their boats, and all their young men arm. Waller. 2. To furnish with strength for action; to prepare for efficiency; to fortify. \"Theodosius having manned his soul with proper reflections.\" Addison. 3. To tame, as a hawk. [R.] Shak. 4. To furnish with a servants. [Obs.] Shak. 5. To wait on as a manservant. [Obs.] Shak. Note: In \"Othello,\" V. ii. 270, the meaning is uncertain, being, perhaps: To point, to aim, or to manage. To man a yard (Naut.), to send men upon a yard, as for furling or reefing a sail. -- To man the yards (Naut.), to station men on the yards as a salute or mark of respect.", "manacle": "A handcuff; a shackle for the hand or wrist; -- usually in the plural. Doctrine unto fools is as fetters on the feet, and like manacles on the right hand. Ecclus. xxi. 19.\n\nTo put handcuffs or other fastening upon, for confining the hands; to shackle; to confine; to restrain from the use of the limbs or natural powers. Is it thus you use this monarch, to manacle and shackle him hand and foot Arbuthnot.", @@ -46112,24 +40392,12 @@ "managers": "1. One who manages; a conductor or director; as, the manager of a theater. A skillful manager of the rabble. South. 2. A person who conducts business or household affairs with economy and frugality; a good economist. A prince of great aspiring thoughts; in the main, a manager of his treasure. Sir W. Temple. 3. A contriver; an intriguer. Shak.", "manages": "The handling or government of anything, but esp. of a horse; management; administration. See Manege. [Obs.] Young men, in the conduct and manage of actions, embrace more than they can hold. Bacon. Down, down I come; like glistering Phaëthon Wanting the manage of unruly jades. Shak. The unlucky manage of this fatal brawl. Shak. Note: This word, in its limited sense of management of a horse, has been displaced by manege; in its more general meaning, by management.\n\n1. To have under control and direction; to conduct; to guide; to administer; to treat; to handle. Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be easily managed. Sir I. Newton. What wars Imanage, and what wreaths I gain. Prior. 2. Hence: Esp., to guide by careful or delicate treatment; to wield with address; to make subservient by artful conduct; to bring around cunningly to one's plans. It was so much his interest to manage his Protestant subjects. Addison . It was not her humor to manage those over whom she had gained an ascendant. Bp. Hurd. 3. To train in the manege, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or artful action. 4. To treat with care; to husband. Dryden. 5. To bring about; to contrive. Shak. Syn. -- To direct; govern; control; wield; order; contrive; concert; conduct; transact.\n\nTo direct affairs; to carry on business or affairs; to administer. Leave them to manage for thee. Dryden .", "managing": null, - "managua": null, - "manama": null, "manana": null, "mananas": null, - "manasseh": null, "manatee": "Any species of Trichechus, a genus of sirenians; -- called alsosea cow. [Written also manaty, manati.] Note: One species (Trichechus Senegalensis) inhabits the west coast of Africa; another (T. Americanus) inhabits the east coast of South America, and the West-Indies. The Florida manatee (T. latirostris) is by some considered a distinct species, by others it is thought to be a variety of T. Americanus. It sometimes becomes fifteen feet or more in length, and lives both in fresh and salt water. It is hunted for its oil and flesh.", "manatees": "Any species of Trichechus, a genus of sirenians; -- called alsosea cow. [Written also manaty, manati.] Note: One species (Trichechus Senegalensis) inhabits the west coast of Africa; another (T. Americanus) inhabits the east coast of South America, and the West-Indies. The Florida manatee (T. latirostris) is by some considered a distinct species, by others it is thought to be a variety of T. Americanus. It sometimes becomes fifteen feet or more in length, and lives both in fresh and salt water. It is hunted for its oil and flesh.", - "manchester": null, - "manchu": "Of or pertaining to Manchuria or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Manchuria; also, the language spoken by the Manchus.", - "manchuria": null, - "manchurian": null, - "manchus": "Of or pertaining to Manchuria or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Manchuria; also, the language spoken by the Manchus.", - "mancini": null, - "mancunian": null, - "mancunians": null, "mandala": null, "mandalas": null, - "mandalay": null, "mandamus": "A writ issued by a superior court and directed to some inferior tribunal, or to some corporation or person exercising authority, commanding the performance of some specified duty.", "mandamuses": null, "mandarin": "1. A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official in China and Annam. 2. (Bot.) A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (Citrus nobilis)mandarin orange; tangerine. Mandarin duck (Zoöl.), a beautiful Asiatic duck (Dendronessa galericulata), often domesticated, and regarded by the Chinese as an emblem of conjugal affection. -- Mandarin language, the spoken or colloquial language of educated people in China. -- Mandarin yellow (Chem.), an artificial aniline dyestuff used for coloring silk and wool, and regarded as a complex derivative of quinoline.", @@ -46139,28 +40407,21 @@ "mandates": "1. An official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; a commission; a judicial precept. This dream all-powerful Juno; I bear Her mighty mandates, and her words you hear. Dryden. 2. (Canon Law) A rescript of the pope, commanding an ordinary collator to put the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice in his collation. 3. (Scots Law) A contract by which one employs another to manage any business for him. By the Roman law, it must have been gratuitous. Erskine.", "mandating": null, "mandatory": "Containing a command; preceptive; directory.\n\nSame as Mandatary.", - "mandela": null, - "mandelbrot": null, - "mandeville": null, "mandible": "1. (Anat.) The bone, or principal bone, of the lower jaw; the inferior maxilla; -- also applied to either the upper or the lower jaw in the beak of birds. 2. (Zoöl.) The anterior pair of mouth organs of insects, crustaceaus, and related animals, whether adapted for biting or not. See Illust. of Diptera.", "mandibles": "1. (Anat.) The bone, or principal bone, of the lower jaw; the inferior maxilla; -- also applied to either the upper or the lower jaw in the beak of birds. 2. (Zoöl.) The anterior pair of mouth organs of insects, crustaceaus, and related animals, whether adapted for biting or not. See Illust. of Diptera.", "mandibular": "Of or pertaining to a mandible; like a mandible. -- n. The principal mandibular bone; the mandible. Mandibular arch (Anat.), the most anterior visceral arch, -- that in which the mandible is developed.", - "mandingo": null, "mandolin": "A small and beautifully shaped instrument resembling the lute.", "mandolins": "A small and beautifully shaped instrument resembling the lute.", "mandrake": "1. (Bot.) A low plant (Mandragora officinarum) of the Nightshade family, having a fleshy root, often forked, and supposed to resemble a man. It was therefore supposed to have animal life, and to cry out when pulled up. All parts of the plant are strongly narcotic. It is found in the Mediterranean region. And shrieks like mandrakes, torn out of the earth, That living mortals, hearing them, run mad. Shak. Note: The mandrake of Scripture was perhaps the same plant, but proof is wanting. 2. (Bot.) The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum). See May apple under May, and Podophyllum. [U.S.]", "mandrakes": "1. (Bot.) A low plant (Mandragora officinarum) of the Nightshade family, having a fleshy root, often forked, and supposed to resemble a man. It was therefore supposed to have animal life, and to cry out when pulled up. All parts of the plant are strongly narcotic. It is found in the Mediterranean region. And shrieks like mandrakes, torn out of the earth, That living mortals, hearing them, run mad. Shak. Note: The mandrake of Scripture was perhaps the same plant, but proof is wanting. 2. (Bot.) The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum). See May apple under May, and Podophyllum. [U.S.]", "mandrel": "(a) A bar of metal inserted in the work to shape it, or to hold it, as in a lathe, during the process of manufacture; an arbor. (b) The live spindle of a turning lathe; the revolving arbor of a circular saw. It is usually driven by a pulley. [Written also manderil.] Mandrel lathe, a lathe with a stout spindle, adapted esp. for chucking, as for forming hollow articles by turning or spinning.", - "mandrell": null, "mandrels": "(a) A bar of metal inserted in the work to shape it, or to hold it, as in a lathe, during the process of manufacture; an arbor. (b) The live spindle of a turning lathe; the revolving arbor of a circular saw. It is usually driven by a pulley. [Written also manderil.] Mandrel lathe, a lathe with a stout spindle, adapted esp. for chucking, as for forming hollow articles by turning or spinning.", "mandrill": "a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus, or Papio, mormon). The adult male has, on the sides of the nose, large, naked, grooved swellings, conspicuously striped with blue and red.", "mandrills": "a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus, or Papio, mormon). The adult male has, on the sides of the nose, large, naked, grooved swellings, conspicuously striped with blue and red.", - "mandy": null, "mane": "The long and heavy hair growing on the upper side of, or about, the neck of some quadrupedal animals, as the horse, the lion, etc. See Illust. of Horse.", "maned": "Having a mane. Maned seal (Zoöl.), the sea lion. -- Maned sheep (Zoöl.), the aoudad.", "manege": "1. Art of horsemanship, or of training horses 2. A school for teaching horsemanship, and for training horses. Chesterfield.", "manes": "The benevolent spirits of the dead, especially of dead ancestors, regarded as family deities and protectors. Hail, O ye holy manes! Dryden.", - "manet": null, "maneuver": "1. Management; dexterous movement; specif., a military or naval evolution, movement, or change of position. 2. Management with address or artful design; adroit proceeding; stratagem.\n\n1. To perform a movement or movements in military or naval tactics; to make changes in position with reference to getting advantage in attack or defense. 2. To manage with address or art; to scheme.\n\nTo change the positions of, as of troops of ships.", "maneuverability": null, "maneuverable": null, @@ -46168,7 +40429,6 @@ "maneuvering": null, "maneuverings": null, "maneuvers": "1. Management; dexterous movement; specif., a military or naval evolution, movement, or change of position. 2. Management with address or artful design; adroit proceeding; stratagem.\n\n1. To perform a movement or movements in military or naval tactics; to make changes in position with reference to getting advantage in attack or defense. 2. To manage with address or art; to scheme.\n\nTo change the positions of, as of troops of ships.", - "manfred": null, "manful": "Showing manliness, or manly spirit; hence, brave, courageous, resolute, noble. \" Manful hardiness.\" Chaucer. -- Man\"ful*ly, adv. -- Man\"ful*ness, n.", "manfully": null, "manga": null, @@ -46197,14 +40457,11 @@ "manhandled": null, "manhandles": "1. To move, or manage, by human force without mechanical aid; as, to manhandle a cannon. 2. To handle roughly; as, the captive was manhandled.", "manhandling": null, - "manhattan": null, - "manhattans": null, "manhole": "A hole through which a man may descend or creep into a drain, sewer, steam boiler, parts of machinery, etc., for cleaning or repairing.", "manholes": "A hole through which a man may descend or creep into a drain, sewer, steam boiler, parts of machinery, etc., for cleaning or repairing.", "manhood": "1. The state of being man as a human being, or man as distinguished from a child or a woman. 2. Manly quality; courage; bravery; resolution. I am ashamed That thou hast power to shake my manhood thus. Shak.", "manhunt": null, "manhunts": null, - "mani": null, "mania": "1. Violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity. Cf. Delirium. 2. Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or many people; as, the tulip mania. Mania a potu Etym: [L.], madness from drinking; delirium tremens. Syn. -- Insanity; derangement; madness; lunacy; alienation; aberration; delirium; frenzy. See Insanity.", "maniac": "Raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect; affected with mania; mad.\n\nA raving lunatic; a madman.", "maniacal": "Affected with, or characterized by, madness; maniac. -- Ma*ni\"a*cal*ly, adv.", @@ -46213,7 +40470,6 @@ "manias": "1. Violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity. Cf. Delirium. 2. Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or many people; as, the tulip mania. Mania a potu Etym: [L.], madness from drinking; delirium tremens. Syn. -- Insanity; derangement; madness; lunacy; alienation; aberration; delirium; frenzy. See Insanity.", "manic": "Of or pert. to, or characterized by, mania, or excitement.", "manically": null, - "manichean": "A believer in the doctrines of Manes, a Persian of the third century A. D., who taught a dualism in which Light is regarded as the source of Good, and Darkness as the source of Evil. The Manichæans stand as representatives of dualism pushed to its utmost development. Tylor.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Manichæans.", "manics": "Of or pert. to, or characterized by, mania, or excitement.", "manicure": "A person who makes a business of taking care of people's hands, especially their nails. [Men] who had taken good care of their hands by wearing gloves and availing themselves of the services of a manicure. Pop. Sci. Monthly.", "manicured": null, @@ -46237,7 +40493,6 @@ "manikin": "1. A little man; a dwarf; a pygmy; a manakin. 2. A model of the human body, made of papier-mache or other material, commonly in detachable pieces, for exhibiting the different parts and organs, their relative position, etc.", "manikins": "1. A little man; a dwarf; a pygmy; a manakin. 2. A model of the human body, made of papier-mache or other material, commonly in detachable pieces, for exhibiting the different parts and organs, their relative position, etc.", "manila": "Of or pertaining to Manila or Manilla, the capital of the Philippine Islands; made in, or exported from, that city. Manila cheroot or cigar, a cheroot or cigar made of tobacco grown in the Philippine Islands. -- Manila hemp, a fibrous material obtained from the Musa textilis, a plant allied to the banana, growing in the Philippine and other East India islands; -- called also by the native name abaca. From it matting, canvas, ropes, and cables are made. -- Manila paper, a durable brown or buff paper made of Manila hemp, used as a wrapping paper, and as a cheap printing and writing paper. The name is also given to inferior papers, made of other fiber.", - "manilas": "Of or pertaining to Manila or Manilla, the capital of the Philippine Islands; made in, or exported from, that city. Manila cheroot or cigar, a cheroot or cigar made of tobacco grown in the Philippine Islands. -- Manila hemp, a fibrous material obtained from the Musa textilis, a plant allied to the banana, growing in the Philippine and other East India islands; -- called also by the native name abaca. From it matting, canvas, ropes, and cables are made. -- Manila paper, a durable brown or buff paper made of Manila hemp, used as a wrapping paper, and as a cheap printing and writing paper. The name is also given to inferior papers, made of other fiber.", "manioc": "The tropical plants (Manihot utilissima, and M. Aipi), from which cassava and tapioca are prepared; also, cassava.[Written also mandioc, manihoc, manihot.]", "maniocs": "The tropical plants (Manihot utilissima, and M. Aipi), from which cassava and tapioca are prepared; also, cassava.[Written also mandioc, manihoc, manihot.]", "manipulable": null, @@ -46251,18 +40506,13 @@ "manipulatively": null, "manipulator": "One who manipulates", "manipulators": "One who manipulates", - "manitoba": null, - "manitoulin": null, - "mankato": null, "mankind": "1. The human race; man, taken collectively. The proper study of mankind is man. Pore. 2. Men, as distinguished from women; the male portion of human race. Lev. xviii. 22. 3. Human feelings; humanity. [Obs] B. Jonson.\n\nManlike; not womanly; masculine; bold; cruel. [Obs] Are women grown so mankind Must they be wooing Beau. & Fl. Be not too mankind against your wife. Chapman.", "manky": null, - "manley": null, "manlier": null, "manliest": null, "manlike": "Like man, or like a man, in form or nature; having the qualities of a man, esp. the nobler qualities; manly. \" Gentle, manlike speech.\" Testament of Love. \" A right manlike man.\" Sir P. Sidney. In glaring Chloe's manlike taste and mien. Shenstone.", "manliness": "The quality or state of being manly.", "manly": "Having qualities becoming to a man; not childish or womanish; manlike, esp. brave, courageous, resolute, noble. Let's briefly put on manly readiness. Shak. Serene and manly, hardened to sustain The load of life. Dryden. Syn. -- Bold; daring; brave; courageous; firm; undaunted; hardy; dignified; stately.\n\nIn a manly manner; with the courage and fortitude of a manly man; as, to act manly.", - "mann": null, "manna": "1. (Script.) The food supplied to the Israelites in their journey through the wilderness of Arabia; hence, divinely supplied food. Ex. xvi. 15. 2. (Bot.) A name given to lichens of the genus Lecanora, sometimes blown into heaps in the deserts of Arabia and Africa, and gathered and used as food. 3. (Bot. & Med.) A sweetish exudation in the form of pale yellow friable flakes, coming from several trees and shrubs and used in medicine as a gentle laxative, as the secretion of Fraxinus Ornus, and F. rotundifolia, the manna ashes of Southern Europe. Note: Persian manna is the secretion of the camel's thorn (see Camel's thorn, under Camel); Tamarisk manna, that of the Tamarisk mannifera, a shrub of Western Asia; Australian, manna, that of certain species of eucalyptus; Briançon manna, that of the European larch. Manna grass (Bot.), a name of several tall slender grasses of the genus Glyceria. they have long loose panicles, and grow in moist places. Nerved manna grass is Glyceria nervata, and Floating manna grass is G. flu. -- Manna insect (Zoöl), a scale insect (Gossyparia mannipara), which causes the exudation of manna from the Tamarisk tree in Arabia.", "manned": null, "mannequin": null, @@ -46273,7 +40523,6 @@ "mannerisms": "Adherence to a peculiar style or manner; a characteristic mode of action, bearing, or treatment, carried to excess, especially in literature or art. Mannerism is pardonable,and is sometimes even agreeable, when the manner, though vicious, is natural . . . . But a mannerism which does not sit easy on the mannerist, which has been adopted on principle, and which can be sustained only by constant effort, is always offensive. Macaulay.", "mannerly": "Showing good manners; civil; respectful; complaisant. What thou thinkest meet, and is most mannerly. Shak.\n\nWith good manners. Shak.", "manners": "1. Mode of action; way of performing or effecting anything; method; style; form; fashion. The nations which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the God of the land. 2 Kings xvii. 26. The temptations of prosperity insinuate themselves after a gentle, but very powerful,manner. Atterbury. 2. Characteristic mode of acting, conducting, carrying one's self, or the like; bearing; habitual style. Specifically: (a) Customary method of acting; habit. Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them. Acts xvii. 2. Air and manner are more expressive than words. Richardson. (b) pl. Carriage; behavior; deportment; also, becoming behavior; well- bred carriage and address. Good manners are made up of petty sacrifices. Emerson. (c) The style of writing or thought of an author; characteristic peculiarity of an artist. 3. Certain degree or measure; as, it is in a manner done already. The bread is in a manner common. 1 Sam. xxi.5. 4. Sort; kind; style; -- in this application sometimes having the sense of a plural, sorts or kinds. Ye tithe mint, and rue, and all manner of herbs. Luke xi. 42. I bid thee say, What manner of man art thou Coleridge. Note: In old usage, of was often omitted after manner, when employed in this sense. \"A manner Latin corrupt was her speech.\" Chaucer. By any manner of means, in any way possible; by any sort of means. -- To be taken in, or with the manner. Etym: [A corruption of to be taken in the mainor. See Mainor.] To be taken in the very act. [Obs.] See Mainor. -- To make one's manners, to make a bow or courtesy; to offer salutation. -- Manners bit, a portion left in a dish for the sake of good manners. Hallwell. Syn. -- Method; mode; custom; habit; fashion; air; look; mien; aspect; appearance. See Method.", - "mannheim": null, "manning": null, "mannish": "1. Resembling a human being in form or nature; human. Chaucer. But yet it was a figure Most like to mannish creature. Gower. 2. Resembling, suitable to, or characteristic of, a man, manlike, masculine. Chaucer. A woman impudent and mannish grown. Shak. 3. Fond of men; -- said of a woman. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Man\"nish*ly,adv. -- Man\"nish*ness, n.", "mannishly": null, @@ -46291,15 +40540,11 @@ "manse": "1. A dwelling house, generally with land attached. 2. The parsonage; a clergyman's house. [Scot.] Capital manse, the manor house, or lord's court.", "manservant": "A male servant.", "manses": "1. A dwelling house, generally with land attached. 2. The parsonage; a clergyman's house. [Scot.] Capital manse, the manor house, or lord's court.", - "mansfield": null, "mansion": "1. A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter. [Obs.] In my Father's house are many mansions. John xiv. 2. These poets near our princes sleep, And in one grave their mansions keep. Den 2. The house of the lord of a manor; a manor house; hence: Any house of considerable size or pretension. 3. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the heavens; a house. See 1st House, 8. Chaucer. 4. The place in the heavens occupied each day by the moon in its monthly revolution. [Obs.] The eight and twenty mansions That longen to the moon. Chaucer. Mansion house, the house in which one resides; specifically, in London and some other cities, the official residence of the Lord Mayor. Blackstone.\n\nTo dwell; to reside. [Obs.] Mede.", "mansions": "1. A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter. [Obs.] In my Father's house are many mansions. John xiv. 2. These poets near our princes sleep, And in one grave their mansions keep. Den 2. The house of the lord of a manor; a manor house; hence: Any house of considerable size or pretension. 3. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the heavens; a house. See 1st House, 8. Chaucer. 4. The place in the heavens occupied each day by the moon in its monthly revolution. [Obs.] The eight and twenty mansions That longen to the moon. Chaucer. Mansion house, the house in which one resides; specifically, in London and some other cities, the official residence of the Lord Mayor. Blackstone.\n\nTo dwell; to reside. [Obs.] Mede.", "manslaughter": "1. The slaying of a human being; destruction of men. Milton. 2. (Law) The unlawful killing of a man, either in negligenc", - "manson": null, "manta": "See Coleoptera and Sea devil.", "mantas": "See Coleoptera and Sea devil.", - "manteca": null, - "mantegna": null, "mantel": "The finish around a fireplace, covering the chimney-breast in front and sometimes on both sides; especially, a shelf above the fireplace, and its supports. [Written also mantle.]", "mantelpiece": "Same as Mantel.", "mantelpieces": "Same as Mantel.", @@ -46322,8 +40567,6 @@ "manual": "Of or pertaining to the hand; done or made by the hand; as, manual labor; the king's sign manual. \"Manual and ocular examination.\" Tatham. Manual alphabet. See Dactylology. -- Manual exercise (Mil.) the exercise by which soldiers are taught the use of their muskets and other arms. -- Seal manual, the impression of a seal worn on the hand as a ring. -- Sign manual. See under Sign.\n\n1. A small book, such as may be carried in the hand, or conveniently handled; a handbook; specifically, the service book of the Roman Catholic Church. This manual of laws, styled the Confessor's Laws. Sir M. Hale. 2. (Mus.) A keyboard of an organ or harmonium for the fingers, as distinguished from the pedals; a clavier, or set of keys. Moore (Encyc. of Music). 3. (Mil.) A prescribed exercise in the systematic handing of a weapon; as, the manual of arms; the manual of the sword; the manual of the piece (cannon, mortar, etc.).", "manually": "By hand.", "manuals": "Of or pertaining to the hand; done or made by the hand; as, manual labor; the king's sign manual. \"Manual and ocular examination.\" Tatham. Manual alphabet. See Dactylology. -- Manual exercise (Mil.) the exercise by which soldiers are taught the use of their muskets and other arms. -- Seal manual, the impression of a seal worn on the hand as a ring. -- Sign manual. See under Sign.\n\n1. A small book, such as may be carried in the hand, or conveniently handled; a handbook; specifically, the service book of the Roman Catholic Church. This manual of laws, styled the Confessor's Laws. Sir M. Hale. 2. (Mus.) A keyboard of an organ or harmonium for the fingers, as distinguished from the pedals; a clavier, or set of keys. Moore (Encyc. of Music). 3. (Mil.) A prescribed exercise in the systematic handing of a weapon; as, the manual of arms; the manual of the sword; the manual of the piece (cannon, mortar, etc.).", - "manuel": null, - "manuela": null, "manufacture": "1. The operation of making wares or any products by hand, by machinery, or by other agency. 2. Anything made from raw materials by the hand, by machinery, or by art, as cloths, iron utensils, shoes, machinery, saddlery, etc.\n\n1. To make (wares or other products) by hand, by machinery, or by other agency; as, to manufacture cloth, nails, glass, etc. 2. To work, as raw or partly wrought materials, into suitable forms for use; as, to manufacture wool, cotton, silk, or iron.\n\nTo be employed in manufacturing something.", "manufactured": null, "manufacturer": "One who manufactures.", @@ -46342,15 +40585,7 @@ "manuring": "The act of process of applying manure; also, the manure applied.", "manuscript": "Written with or by the hand; not printed; as, a manuscript volume.\n\n1. A literary or musical composition written with the hand, as distinguished from a printed copy. 2. Writing, as opposed to print; as, the book exists only in manuscript. Craik. Note: The word is often abbreviated to MS., plural MSS.", "manuscripts": "Written with or by the hand; not printed; as, a manuscript volume.\n\n1. A literary or musical composition written with the hand, as distinguished from a printed copy. 2. Writing, as opposed to print; as, the book exists only in manuscript. Craik. Note: The word is often abbreviated to MS., plural MSS.", - "manx": "Of or pertaining to the Isle of Man, or its inhabitants; as, the Manx language. Manx cat (Zoöl.), a breed of domestic cats having a rudimentary tail, containing only about three vertebrae. -- Manx shearwater (Zoöl.), an oceanic bird (Puffinus anglorum, or P. puffinus), called also Manx petrel, Manx puffin. It was formerly abundant in the Isle of Man.\n\nThe language of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, a dialect of the Celtic.", "many": "A retinue of servants; a household. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nConsisting of a great number; numerous; not few. Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Gen. xvii. 4. Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Cor. i. 26. Note: Many is freely prefixed to participles, forming compounds which need no special explanation; as, many-angled, many-celled, many-eyed, many-footed, many-handed, many-leaved, many-lettered, many-named, many-peopled, many-petaled, many-seeded, many-syllabled (polysyllabic), many-tongued, many-voiced, many-wived, and the like. Comparison is often expressed by many with as or so. \"As many as were willing hearted . . . brought bracelets.\" Exod. xxxv. 22. \"So many laws argue so many sins.\" Milton. Many stands with a singular substantive with a or an. Many a, a large number taken distributively; each one of many. \"For thy sake have I shed many a tear.\" Shak. \"Full many a gem of purest ray serene.\" Gray. -- Many one, many a one; many persons. BK. of Com. Prayer. -- The many, the majority; -- opposed to the few. See Many, n. -- Too many, too numerous; hence, too powerful; as, they are too many for us. L'Estrange. Syn. -- Numerous; multiplied; frequent; manifold; various; divers; sundry.\n\n1. The populace; the common people; the majority of people, or of a community. After him the rascal many ran. Spenser. 2. A large or considerable number. A many of our bodies shall no doubt Find native graves. Shak. Seeing a great many in rich gowns. Addison. It will be concluded by manythat he lived like an honest man. Fielding. Note: In this sense, many is connected immediately with another substantive (without of) to show of what the many consists; as, a good many [of] people think so. He is liable to a great many inconveniences. Tillotson.", - "mao": null, - "maoism": null, - "maoisms": null, - "maoist": null, - "maoists": null, - "maori": "One of the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand; also, the original language of New Zealand. -- a. Of or pertaining to the Maoris or to their language.", - "maoris": "One of the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand; also, the original language of New Zealand. -- a. Of or pertaining to the Maoris or to their language.", "map": "1. A representation of the surface of the earth, or of some portion of it, showing the relative position of the parts represented; -- usually on a flat surface. Also, such a representation of the celestial sphere, or of some part of it. Note: There are five principal kinds of projection used in making maps: the orthographic, the stereographic, the globuar, the conical, and the cylindrical, or Mercator's projection. See Projection. 2. Anything which represents graphically a succession of events, states, or acts; as, an historical map. Thus is his cheek the map of days outworn. Shak. Map lichen (Bot.), a lichen (Lecidea geographica.) growing on stones in curious maplike figures. Dr. Prior.\n\nTo represent by a map; -- often with out; as, to survey and map, or map out, a county. Hence, figuratively: To represent or indicate systematically and clearly; to sketch; to plan; as, to map, or map out, a journey; to map out business. I am near to the place where they should meet, if Pisanio have mapped it truly. Shak.", "maple": "A tree of the genus Acer, including about fifty species. A. saccharinum is the rock maple, or sugar maple, from the sap of which sugar is made, in the United States, in great quantities, by evaporation; the red or swamp maple is A. rubrum; the silver maple, A. dasycarpum, having fruit wooly when young; the striped maple, A. Pennsylvanium, called also moosewood. The common maple of Europe is A. campestre, the sycamore maple is A. Pseudo-platanus, and the Norway maple is A. platanoides. Note: Maple is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, maple tree, maple leaf, etc. Bird's-eye maple, Curled maple, varieties of the wood of the rock maple, in which a beautiful lustrous grain is produced by the sinuous course of the fibers. -- Maple honey, Maple molasses, or Maple sirup, maple sap boiled to the consistency of molasses. -- Maple sugar, sugar obtained from the sap of the sugar maple by evaporation.", "maples": "A tree of the genus Acer, including about fifty species. A. saccharinum is the rock maple, or sugar maple, from the sap of which sugar is made, in the United States, in great quantities, by evaporation; the red or swamp maple is A. rubrum; the silver maple, A. dasycarpum, having fruit wooly when young; the striped maple, A. Pennsylvanium, called also moosewood. The common maple of Europe is A. campestre, the sycamore maple is A. Pseudo-platanus, and the Norway maple is A. platanoides. Note: Maple is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, maple tree, maple leaf, etc. Bird's-eye maple, Curled maple, varieties of the wood of the rock maple, in which a beautiful lustrous grain is produced by the sinuous course of the fibers. -- Maple honey, Maple molasses, or Maple sirup, maple sap boiled to the consistency of molasses. -- Maple sugar, sugar obtained from the sap of the sugar maple by evaporation.", @@ -46361,23 +40596,16 @@ "mappers": null, "mapping": null, "mappings": null, - "mapplethorpe": null, "maps": "1. A representation of the surface of the earth, or of some portion of it, showing the relative position of the parts represented; -- usually on a flat surface. Also, such a representation of the celestial sphere, or of some part of it. Note: There are five principal kinds of projection used in making maps: the orthographic, the stereographic, the globuar, the conical, and the cylindrical, or Mercator's projection. See Projection. 2. Anything which represents graphically a succession of events, states, or acts; as, an historical map. Thus is his cheek the map of days outworn. Shak. Map lichen (Bot.), a lichen (Lecidea geographica.) growing on stones in curious maplike figures. Dr. Prior.\n\nTo represent by a map; -- often with out; as, to survey and map, or map out, a county. Hence, figuratively: To represent or indicate systematically and clearly; to sketch; to plan; as, to map, or map out, a journey; to map out business. I am near to the place where they should meet, if Pisanio have mapped it truly. Shak.", - "maputo": null, "mar": "A small lake. See Mere. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To make defective; to do injury to, esp. by cutting off or defacing a part; to impair; to disfigure; to deface. I pray you mar no more trees with wiring love songs in their barks. Shak. But mirth is marred, and the good cheer is lost. Dryden. Ire, envy, and despair Which marred all his borrowed visage. Milton. 2. To spoil; to ruin. \"It makes us, or it mars us.\" \"Striving to mend, to mar the subject.\" Shak.\n\nA mark or blemish made by bruising, scratching, or the like; a disfigurement.", - "mara": "The principal or ruling evil spirit. E. Arnold.\n\nA female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.\n\nThe Patagonian cavy (Dolichotis Patagonicus.)", "marabou": "1. (Zoöl.) A large stork of the genus Leptoptilos (formerly Ciconia), esp. the African species (L. crumenifer), which furnishes plumes worn as ornaments. The Asiatic species (L. dubius, or L. argala) is the adjutant. See Adjutant. [Written also marabu.] 2. One having five eighths negro blood; the offspring of a mulatto and a griffe. [Louisiana] Bartlett.", "marabous": "1. (Zoöl.) A large stork of the genus Leptoptilos (formerly Ciconia), esp. the African species (L. crumenifer), which furnishes plumes worn as ornaments. The Asiatic species (L. dubius, or L. argala) is the adjutant. See Adjutant. [Written also marabu.] 2. One having five eighths negro blood; the offspring of a mulatto and a griffe. [Louisiana] Bartlett.", "marabout": "A Mohammedan saint; especially, one who claims to work cures supernaturally.", "marabouts": "A Mohammedan saint; especially, one who claims to work cures supernaturally.", "maraca": null, - "maracaibo": null, "maracas": null, "maraschino": "A liqueur distilled from fermented cherry juice, and flavored with the pit of a variety of cherry which grows in Dalmatia.", "maraschinos": "A liqueur distilled from fermented cherry juice, and flavored with the pit of a variety of cherry which grows in Dalmatia.", - "marat": null, - "maratha": null, - "marathi": "A Sanskritic language of western India, prob. descended from the Maharastri Prakrit, spoken by the Marathas and neighboring peoples. It has an abundant literature dating from the 13th century. It has a book alphabet nearly the same as Devanagari and a cursive script translation between the Devanagari and the Gujarati.", "marathon": null, "marathoner": null, "marathoners": null, @@ -46396,12 +40624,6 @@ "marbleizing": null, "marbles": "1. A massive, compact limestone; a variety of calcite, capable of being polished and used for architectural and ornamental purposes. The color varies from white to black, being sometimes yellow, red, and green, and frequently beautifully veined or clouded. The name is also given to other rocks of like use and appearance, as serpentine or verd antique marble, and less properly to polished porphyry, granite, etc. Note: Breccia marble consists of limestone fragments cemented together. -- Ruin marble, when polished, shows forms resembling ruins, due to disseminated iron oxide. -- Shell marble contains fossil shells. -- Statuary marble is a pure, white, fine-grained kind, including Parian (from Paros) and Carrara marble. If coarsely granular it is called saccharoidal. 2. A thing made of, or resembling, marble, as a work of art, or record, in marble; or, in the plural, a collection of such works; as, the Arundel or Arundelian marbles; the Elgin marbles. 3. A little ball of marble, or of some other hard substance, used as a plaything by children; or, in the plural, a child's game played with marbles. Note: Marble is also much used in self-explaining compounds; when used figuratively in compounds it commonly means, hard, cold, destitute of compassion or feeling; as, marble-breasted, marble- faced, marble-hearted.\n\n1. Made of, or resembling, marble; as, a marble mantel; marble paper. 2. Cold; hard; unfeeling; as, a marble breast or heart.\n\nTo stain or vein like marble; to variegate in color; as, to marble the edges of a book, or the surface of paper.", "marbling": "1. The art or practice of variegating in color, in imitation of marble. 2. An intermixture of fat and lean in meat, giving it a marbled appearance. 3. pl. (Zoöl.) Distinct markings resembling the variegations of marble, as on birds and insects.", - "marc": "The refuse matter which remains after the pressure of fruit, particularly of grapes.\n\n1. A weight of various commodities, esp. of gold and silver, used in different European countries. In France and Holland it was equal to eight ounces. 2. A coin formerly current in England and Scotland, equal to thirteen shillings and four pence. 3. A German coin and money of account. See Mark.", - "marceau": null, - "marcel": null, - "marcelino": null, - "marcella": null, - "marcelo": null, "march": "The third month of the year, containing thirty-one days. The stormy March is come at last, With wind, and cloud, and changing skies. Bryant. As mad as a March Hare, an old English Saying derived from the fact that March is the rutting time of hares, when they are excitable and violent. Wright.\n\nA territorial border or frontier; a region adjacent to a boundary line; a confine; -- used chiefly in the plural, and in English history applied especially to the border land on the frontiers between England and Scotland, and England and Wales. Geneva is situated in the marches of several dominions -- France, Savoy, and Switzerland. Fuller. Lords of waste marches, kings of desolate isles. Tennyson.\n\nTo border; to be contiguous; to lie side by side. [Obs.] That was in a strange land Which marcheth upon Chimerie. Gower. To march with, to have the same boundary for a greater or less distance; -- said of an estate.\n\n1. To move with regular steps, as a soldier; to walk in a grave, deliberate, or stately manner; to advance steadily. Shak. 2. To proceed by walking in a body or in military order; as, the German army marched into France.\n\nTO cause to move with regular steps in the manner of a soldier; to cause to move in military array, or in a body, as troops; to cause to advance in a steady, regular, or stately manner; to cause to go by peremptory command, or by force. March them again in fair array. Prior.\n\n1. The act of marching; a movement of soldiers from one stopping place to another; military progress; advance of troops. These troops came to the army harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon. 2. Hence: Measured and regular advance or movement, like that of soldiers moving in order; stately or deliberate walk; steady onward movement. With solemn march Goes slow and stately by them. Shak. This happens merely because men will not bide their time, but will insist on precipitating the march of affairs. Buckle. 3. The distance passed over in marching; as, an hour's march; a march of twenty miles. 4. A piece of music designed or fitted to accompany and guide the movement of troops; a piece of music in the march form. The drums presently striking up a march. Knolles. To make a march, (Card Playing), to take all the tricks of a hand, in the game of euchre.", "marched": null, "marcher": "One who marches.\n\nThe lord or officer who defended the marches or borders of a territory.", @@ -46410,27 +40632,12 @@ "marching": ",fr. March, v. Marching money (Mil.), the additional pay of officer or soldier when his regiment is marching. -- In marching order (Mil.), equipped for a march. -- Marching regiment. (Mil.) (a) A regiment in active service. (b) In England, a regiment liable to be ordered into other quarters, at home or abroad; a regiment of the line.", "marchioness": "The wife or the widow of a marquis; a woman who has the rank and dignity of a marquis. Spelman.", "marchionesses": null, - "marci": null, - "marcia": null, - "marciano": null, - "marcie": null, - "marco": null, - "marconi": "Designating, or pert. to, Marconi's system of wireless telegraphy; as, Marconi aërial, coherer, station, system, etc.", - "marcos": null, - "marcus": null, - "marcuse": null, - "marcy": null, - "marduk": null, "mare": "The female of the horse and other equine quadrupeds.\n\nSighing, suffocative panting, intercepted utterance, with a sense of pressure across the chest, occurring during sleep; the incubus; -- obsolete, except in the compound nightmare. I will ride thee o' nights like the mare. Shak.", "mares": "The female of the horse and other equine quadrupeds.\n\nSighing, suffocative panting, intercepted utterance, with a sense of pressure across the chest, occurring during sleep; the incubus; -- obsolete, except in the compound nightmare. I will ride thee o' nights like the mare. Shak.", - "margaret": null, "margarine": "1. Artificial butter; oleomargarine. The word margarine shall mean all substances, whether compounds or otherwise, prepared in imitation of butter, and whether mixed with butter or not. Margarine Act, 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 29). 2. Margarin.", "margarita": null, "margaritas": null, - "margarito": null, "marge": "Border; margin; edge; verge. [Poetic] Tennyson. Along the river's stony marge. Wordsworth.", - "margery": null, - "margie": null, "margin": "1. A border; edge; brink; verge; as, the margin of a river or lake. 2. Specifically: The part of a page at the edge left uncovered in writing or printing. 3. (Com.) The difference between the cost and the selling price of an article. 4. Something allowed, or reserved, for that which can not be foreseen or known with certainty. 5. (Brokerage) Collateral security deposited with a broker to secure him from loss on contracts entered into by him on behalf of his principial, as in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, wheat, etc. N. Biddle. Margin draft (Masonry), a smooth cut margin on the face of hammer-dressed ashlar, adjacent to the joints. -- Margin of a course (Arch.), that part of a course, as of slates or shingles, which is not covered by the course immediately above it. See 2d Gauge. Syn. -- Border; brink; verge; brim; rim.\n\n1. To furnish with a margin. 2. To enter in the margin of a page.", "marginal": "1. Of or pertaining to a margin. 2. Written or printed in the margin; as, a marginal note or gloss.", "marginalia": "Marginal notes.", @@ -46442,32 +40649,14 @@ "marginally": "In the margin of a book.", "marginals": "1. Of or pertaining to a margin. 2. Written or printed in the margin; as, a marginal note or gloss.", "margins": "1. A border; edge; brink; verge; as, the margin of a river or lake. 2. Specifically: The part of a page at the edge left uncovered in writing or printing. 3. (Com.) The difference between the cost and the selling price of an article. 4. Something allowed, or reserved, for that which can not be foreseen or known with certainty. 5. (Brokerage) Collateral security deposited with a broker to secure him from loss on contracts entered into by him on behalf of his principial, as in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, wheat, etc. N. Biddle. Margin draft (Masonry), a smooth cut margin on the face of hammer-dressed ashlar, adjacent to the joints. -- Margin of a course (Arch.), that part of a course, as of slates or shingles, which is not covered by the course immediately above it. See 2d Gauge. Syn. -- Border; brink; verge; brim; rim.\n\n1. To furnish with a margin. 2. To enter in the margin of a page.", - "margo": null, - "margot": null, - "margret": null, - "margrethe": null, - "marguerite": "The daisy (Bellis perennis). The name is often applied also to the ox-eye daisy and to the China aster. Longfellow.", - "mari": null, "maria": null, "mariachi": null, "mariachis": null, - "mariadb": null, - "marian": "Pertaining to the Virgin Mary, or sometimes to Mary, Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII. Of all the Marian martyrs, Mr. Philpot was the best-born gentleman. Fuller. Maid Marian. See Maidmarian in the Vocabulary.", - "mariana": null, - "marianas": null, - "marianne": null, - "mariano": null, - "maribel": null, - "maricela": null, - "marie": "Marry. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "marietta": null, "marigold": "A name for several plants with golden yellow blossoms, especially the Calendula officinalis (see Calendula), and the cultivated species of Tagetes. Note: There are several yellow-flowered plants of different genera bearing this name; as, the African or French marigold of the genus Tagetes, of which several species and many varieties are found in gardens. They are mostly strong-smelling herbs from South America and Mexico: bur marigold, of the genus Bidens; corn marigold, of the genus Chrysanthemum (C. segetum, a pest in the cornfields of Italy); fig marigold, of the genus Mesembryanthemum; marsh marigold, of the genus Caltha (C. palustris), commonly known in America as the cowslip. See Marsh Marigold. Marigold window. (Arch.) See Rose window, under Rose.", "marigolds": "A name for several plants with golden yellow blossoms, especially the Calendula officinalis (see Calendula), and the cultivated species of Tagetes. Note: There are several yellow-flowered plants of different genera bearing this name; as, the African or French marigold of the genus Tagetes, of which several species and many varieties are found in gardens. They are mostly strong-smelling herbs from South America and Mexico: bur marigold, of the genus Bidens; corn marigold, of the genus Chrysanthemum (C. segetum, a pest in the cornfields of Italy); fig marigold, of the genus Mesembryanthemum; marsh marigold, of the genus Caltha (C. palustris), commonly known in America as the cowslip. See Marsh Marigold. Marigold window. (Arch.) See Rose window, under Rose.", "marijuana": null, - "marilyn": null, "marimba": "A musical istrument of percussion, consisting of bars yielding musical tones when struck. Knight.", "marimbas": "A musical istrument of percussion, consisting of bars yielding musical tones when struck. Knight.", - "marin": null, "marina": null, "marinade": "A brine or pickle containing wine and spices, for enriching the flavor of meat and fish.", "marinaded": null, @@ -46484,26 +40673,13 @@ "mariner": "One whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships; a seaman or sailor. Chaucer. Mariner's compass. See under Compass.", "mariners": "One whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships; a seaman or sailor. Chaucer. Mariner's compass. See under Compass.", "marines": "1. Of or pertaining to the sea; having to do with the ocean, or with navigation or naval affairs; nautical; as, marine productions or bodies; marine shells; a marine engine. 2. (Geol.) Formed by the action of the currents or waves of the sea; as, marine deposits. Marine acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. [Obs.] -- Marine barometer. See under Barometer. -- Marine corps, a corps formed of the officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, and musicants of marines. -- Marine engine (Mech.), a steam engine for propelling a vessel. -- Marine glue. See under Glue. -- Marine insurance, insurance against the perils of the sea, including also risks of fire, piracy, and barratry. -- Marine interest, interest at any rate agreed on for money lent upon respondentia and bottomry bonds. -- Marine law. See under Law. -- Marine league, three geographical miles. -- Marine metal, an alloy of lead, antimony, and mercury, made for sheathing ships. Mc Elrath. -- Marine soap, cocoanut oil soap; -- so called because, being quite soluble in salt water, it is much used on shipboard. -- Marine store, a store where old canvas, ropes, etc., are bought and sold; a junk shop. [Eng.]\n\n1. A solider serving on shipboard; a sea soldier; one of a body of troops trained to do duty in the navy. 2. The sum of naval affairs; naval economy; the department of navigation and sea forces; the collective shipping of a country; as, the mercantile marine. 3. A picture representing some marine subject. Tell that to the marines, an expression of disbelief, the marines being regarded by sailors as credulous. [Colloq.]", - "mario": null, - "marion": null, "marionette": "1. A puppet moved by strings, as in a puppet show. 2. (Zoöl.) The buffel duck. MARIOTTE'S LAW Ma`ri*otte's law`. (Physics.) See Boyle's law, under Law.", "marionettes": "1. A puppet moved by strings, as in a puppet show. 2. (Zoöl.) The buffel duck. MARIOTTE'S LAW Ma`ri*otte's law`. (Physics.) See Boyle's law, under Law.", - "maris": null, - "marisa": null, - "marisol": null, - "marissa": null, - "maritain": null, "marital": "Of or pertaining to a husband; as, marital rights, duties, authority. \"Marital affection.\" Ayliffe.", "maritally": null, "maritime": "1. Bordering on, or situated near, the ocean; connected with the sea by site, interest, or power; having shipping and commerce or a navy; as, maritime states. \"A maritime town.\" Addison. 2. Of or pertaining to the ocean; marine; pertaining to navigation and naval affairs, or to shipping and commerce by sea. \"Maritime service.\" Sir H. Wotton. Maritime law. See Law. -- Maritime loan, a loan secured by bottomry or respodentia bonds. -- Martime nations, nations having seaports, and using the sea more or less for war or commerce.", - "maritza": null, - "mariupol": null, - "marius": null, "marjoram": "A genus of mintlike plants (Origanum) comprising about twenty- five species. The sweet marjoram (O. Majorana) is pecularly aromatic and fragrant, and much used in cookery. The wild marjoram of Europe and America is O. vulgare, far less fragrant than the other.", - "marjorie": null, - "marjory": null, "mark": "A license of reprisals. See Marque.\n\n1. An old weight and coin. See Marc. \"Lend me a mark.\" Chaucer. 2. The unit of monetary account of the German Empire, equal to 23.8 cents of United States money; the equivalent of one hundred pfennigs. Also, a silver coin of this value.\n\n1. A visible sign or impression made or left upon anything; esp., a line, point, stamp, figure, or the like, drawn or impressed, so as to attract the attention and convey some information or intimation; a token; a trace. The Lord set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him. Gen. iv. 15. 2. Specifically: (a) A character or device put on an article of merchandise by the maker to show by whom it was made; a trade-mark. (b) A character (usually a cross) made as a substitute for a signature by one who can not write. The mark of the artisan is found upon the most ancient fabrics that have come to light. Knight. 3. A fixed object serving for guidance, as of a ship, a traveler, a surveyor, etc.; as, a seamark, a landmark. 4. A trace, dot, line, imprint, or discoloration, although not regarded as a token or sign; a scratch, scar, stain, etc.; as, this pencil makes a fine mark. I have some marks of yours upon my pate. Shak. 5. An evidence of presence, agency, or influence; a significative token; a symptom; a trace; specifically, a permanent impression of one's activity or character. The confusion of tongues was a mark of separation. Bacon. 6. That toward which a missile is directed; a thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach. France was a fairer mark to shoot at than Ireland. Davies. Whate'er the motive, pleasure is the mark. Young. 7. Attention, regard, or respect. As much in mock as mark. Shak. 8. Limit or standard of action or fact; as, to be within the mark; to come up to the mark. 9. Badge or sign of honor, rank, or official station. In the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the Senate. Shak. 10. Preëminence; high position; as, particians of mark; a fellow of no mark. 11. (Logic) A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential. 12. A number or other character used in registring; as, examination marks; a mark for tardiness. 13. Image; likeness; hence, those formed in one's image; children; descendants. [Obs.] \"All the mark of Adam.\" Chaucer. 14. (Naut.) One of the bits of leather or colored bunting which are placed upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. The unmarked fathoms are called \"deeps.\" A man of mark, a conspicuous or eminent man. -- To make one's mark. (a) To sign, as a letter or other writing, by making a cross or other mark. (b) To make a distinct or lasting impression on the public mind, or on affairs; to gain distinction. Syn. -- Impress; impression; stamp; print; trace; vestige; track; characteristic; evidence; proof; token; badge; indication; symptom.\n\n1. To put a mark upon; to affix a significant mark to; to make recognizable by a mark; as, to mark a box or bale of merchandise; to mark clothing. 2. To be a mark upon; to designate; to indicate; -- used literally and figuratively; as, this monument marks the spot where Wolfe died; his courage and energy marked him for a leader. 3. To leave a trace, scratch, scar, or other mark, upon, or any evidence of action; as, a pencil marks paper; his hobnails marked the floor. 4. To keep account of; to enumerate and register; as, to mark the points in a game of billiards or cards. 5. To notice or observe; to give attention to; to take note of; to remark; to heed; to regard. \"Mark the perfect man.\" Ps. xxxvii. 37. To mark out. (a) To designate, as by a mark; to select; as, the ringleaders were marked out for punishment. (b) To obliterate or cancel with a mark; as, to mark out an item in an account. -- To mark time (Mil.), to keep the time of a marching step by moving the legs alternately without advancing. Syn. -- To note; remark; notice; observe; regard; heed; show; evince; indicate; point out; betoken; denote; characterize; stamp; imprint; impress; brand.\n\nTo take particular notice; to observe critically; to note; to remark. Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh maschief. 1 Kings xx. 7.", - "markab": null, "markdown": null, "markdowns": null, "marked": "Designated or distinguished by, or as by, a mark; hence; noticeable; conspicuous; as, a marked card; a marked coin; a marked instance. -- Mark\"ed*ly, adv. J. S. Mill. A marked man, a man who is noted by a community, or by a part of it, as, for excellence or depravity; -- usually with an unfavorable suggestion.", @@ -46522,12 +40698,10 @@ "marketplace": null, "marketplaces": null, "markets": "1. A meeting together of people, at a stated time and place, for the purpose of traffic (as in cattle, provisions, wares, etc.) by private purchase and sale, and not by auction; as, a market is held in the town every week. He is wit's peddler; and retails his wares At wakes, and wassails, meetings, markets, fairs. Shak. Three women and a goose make a market. Old Saying. 2. A public place (as an open space in a town) or a large building, where a market is held; a market place or market house; esp., a place where provisions are sold. There is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool. John v. 2. 3. An opportunity for selling anything; demand, as shown by price offered or obtainable; a town, region, or country, where the demand exists; as, to find a market for one's wares; there is no market for woolen cloths in that region; India is a market for English goods. There is a third thing to be considered: how a market can be created for produce, or how production can be limited to the capacities of the market. J. S. Mill. 4. Exchange, or purchase and sale; traffic; as, a dull market; a slow market. 5. The price for which a thing is sold in a market; market price. Hence: Value; worth. What is a man If his chief good and market of his time Be but to sleep and feed Shak. 6. (Eng. Law) The privelege granted to a town of having a public market. Note: Market is often used adjectively, or in forming compounds of obvious meaning; as, market basket, market day, market folk, market house, marketman, market place, market price, market rate, market wagon, market woman, and the like. Market beater, a swaggering bully; a noisy braggart. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Market bell, a bell rung to give notice that buying and selling in a market may begin. [Eng.] Shak. -- Market cross, a cross set up where a market is held. Shak. -- Market garden, a garden in which vegetables are raised for market. -- Market gardening, the raising of vegetables for market. -- Market place, an open square or place in a town where markets or public sales are held. -- Market town, a town that has the privilege of a stated public market.\n\nTo deal in a market; to buy or sell; to make bargains for provisions or goods.\n\nTo expose for sale in a market; to traffic in; to sell in a market, and in an extended sense, to sell in any manner; as, most of the farmes have marketed their crops. Industrious merchants meet, and market there The world's collected wealth. Southey.", - "markham": null, "marking": "The act of one who, or that which, marks; the mark or marks made; arrangement or disposition of marks or coloring; as, the marking of a bird's plumage. Marking ink, indelible ink, because used in marking linen. -- Marking nut (Bot.), the nut of the Semecarpus Anacardium, an East Indian tree. The shell of the nut yields a blackish resinous juice used for marking cotton cloth, and an oil prepared from it is used for rheumatism.", "markings": "The act of one who, or that which, marks; the mark or marks made; arrangement or disposition of marks or coloring; as, the marking of a bird's plumage. Marking ink, indelible ink, because used in marking linen. -- Marking nut (Bot.), the nut of the Semecarpus Anacardium, an East Indian tree. The shell of the nut yields a blackish resinous juice used for marking cotton cloth, and an oil prepared from it is used for rheumatism.", "markka": null, "markkaa": null, - "markov": null, "marks": "A license of reprisals. See Marque.\n\n1. An old weight and coin. See Marc. \"Lend me a mark.\" Chaucer. 2. The unit of monetary account of the German Empire, equal to 23.8 cents of United States money; the equivalent of one hundred pfennigs. Also, a silver coin of this value.\n\n1. A visible sign or impression made or left upon anything; esp., a line, point, stamp, figure, or the like, drawn or impressed, so as to attract the attention and convey some information or intimation; a token; a trace. The Lord set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him. Gen. iv. 15. 2. Specifically: (a) A character or device put on an article of merchandise by the maker to show by whom it was made; a trade-mark. (b) A character (usually a cross) made as a substitute for a signature by one who can not write. The mark of the artisan is found upon the most ancient fabrics that have come to light. Knight. 3. A fixed object serving for guidance, as of a ship, a traveler, a surveyor, etc.; as, a seamark, a landmark. 4. A trace, dot, line, imprint, or discoloration, although not regarded as a token or sign; a scratch, scar, stain, etc.; as, this pencil makes a fine mark. I have some marks of yours upon my pate. Shak. 5. An evidence of presence, agency, or influence; a significative token; a symptom; a trace; specifically, a permanent impression of one's activity or character. The confusion of tongues was a mark of separation. Bacon. 6. That toward which a missile is directed; a thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach. France was a fairer mark to shoot at than Ireland. Davies. Whate'er the motive, pleasure is the mark. Young. 7. Attention, regard, or respect. As much in mock as mark. Shak. 8. Limit or standard of action or fact; as, to be within the mark; to come up to the mark. 9. Badge or sign of honor, rank, or official station. In the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the Senate. Shak. 10. Preëminence; high position; as, particians of mark; a fellow of no mark. 11. (Logic) A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential. 12. A number or other character used in registring; as, examination marks; a mark for tardiness. 13. Image; likeness; hence, those formed in one's image; children; descendants. [Obs.] \"All the mark of Adam.\" Chaucer. 14. (Naut.) One of the bits of leather or colored bunting which are placed upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. The unmarked fathoms are called \"deeps.\" A man of mark, a conspicuous or eminent man. -- To make one's mark. (a) To sign, as a letter or other writing, by making a cross or other mark. (b) To make a distinct or lasting impression on the public mind, or on affairs; to gain distinction. Syn. -- Impress; impression; stamp; print; trace; vestige; track; characteristic; evidence; proof; token; badge; indication; symptom.\n\n1. To put a mark upon; to affix a significant mark to; to make recognizable by a mark; as, to mark a box or bale of merchandise; to mark clothing. 2. To be a mark upon; to designate; to indicate; -- used literally and figuratively; as, this monument marks the spot where Wolfe died; his courage and energy marked him for a leader. 3. To leave a trace, scratch, scar, or other mark, upon, or any evidence of action; as, a pencil marks paper; his hobnails marked the floor. 4. To keep account of; to enumerate and register; as, to mark the points in a game of billiards or cards. 5. To notice or observe; to give attention to; to take note of; to remark; to heed; to regard. \"Mark the perfect man.\" Ps. xxxvii. 37. To mark out. (a) To designate, as by a mark; to select; as, the ringleaders were marked out for punishment. (b) To obliterate or cancel with a mark; as, to mark out an item in an account. -- To mark time (Mil.), to keep the time of a marching step by moving the legs alternately without advancing. Syn. -- To note; remark; notice; observe; regard; heed; show; evince; indicate; point out; betoken; denote; characterize; stamp; imprint; impress; brand.\n\nTo take particular notice; to observe critically; to note; to remark. Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh maschief. 1 Kings xx. 7.", "marksman": "1. One skillful to hit a mark with a missile; one who shoots well. 2. (Law) One who makes his mark, instead of writing his name, in signing documents. Burrill.", "marksmanship": "Skill of a marksman.", @@ -46535,47 +40709,31 @@ "markup": null, "markups": null, "marl": "To cover, as part of a rope, with marline, marking a pecular hitch at each turn to prevent unwinding. Marling spike. (Naut.) See under Marline.\n\nA mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and sand, in very varivble proportions, and accordingly designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy. See Greensand.\n\nTo overspread or manure with marl; as, to marl a field.", - "marla": null, - "marlboro": null, - "marlborough": null, - "marlene": null, - "marley": null, "marlin": "The American great marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa). Applied also to the red-breasted godwit (Limosa hæmatica). Hook-billed marlin, a curlew.", "marlinespike": null, "marlinespikes": null, "marlins": "The American great marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa). Applied also to the red-breasted godwit (Limosa hæmatica). Hook-billed marlin, a curlew.", - "marlon": null, - "marlowe": null, "marmalade": "A preserve or confection made of the pulp of fruit, as the quince, pear, apple, orange, etc., boiled with sugar, and brought to a jamlike consistence. Marmalade tree (Bot.), a sapotaceous tree (Lucuma mammosa) of the West Indies and Tropical America. It has large obovate leaves and an egg-shaped fruit from three to five inches long, containing a pleasant-flavored pulp and a single large seed. The fruit is called marmalade, or natural marmalade, from its consistency and flavor.", - "marmara": null, "marmoreal": "Pertaining to, or resembling, marble; made of marble.", "marmoset": "Any one of numerous species of small South American monkeys of the genera Hapale and Midas, family Hapalidæ. They have long soft fur, and a hairy, nonprehensile tail. They are often kept as pets. Called also squirrel monkey.", "marmosets": "Any one of numerous species of small South American monkeys of the genera Hapale and Midas, family Hapalidæ. They have long soft fur, and a hairy, nonprehensile tail. They are often kept as pets. Called also squirrel monkey.", "marmot": "1. (Zoöl.) Any rodent of the genus Arctomys. The common European marmot (A. marmotta) is about the size of a rabbit, and inhabits the higher regions of the Alps and Pyrenees. The bobac is another European species. The common American species (A. monax) is the woodchuck. 2. Any one of several species of ground squirrels or gophers of the genus Spermophilus; also, the prairie dog. Marmot squirrel (Zoöl.), a ground squirrel or spermophile. -- Prairie marmot. See Prairie dog.", "marmots": "1. (Zoöl.) Any rodent of the genus Arctomys. The common European marmot (A. marmotta) is about the size of a rabbit, and inhabits the higher regions of the Alps and Pyrenees. The bobac is another European species. The common American species (A. monax) is the woodchuck. 2. Any one of several species of ground squirrels or gophers of the genus Spermophilus; also, the prairie dog. Marmot squirrel (Zoöl.), a ground squirrel or spermophile. -- Prairie marmot. See Prairie dog.", - "marne": null, - "maronite": "One of a body of nominal Christians, who speak the Arabic language, and reside on Mount Lebanon and in different parts of Syria. They take their name from one Maron of the 6th century.", "maroon": "In the West Indies and Guiana, a fugitive slave, or a free negro, living in the mountains.\n\nTo put (a person) ashore on a desolate island or coast and leave him to his fate. Marooning party, a social excursion party that sojourns several days on the shore or in some retired place; a prolonged picnic. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett.\n\nHaving the color called maroon. See 4th Maroon. Maroon lake, lake prepared from madder, and distinguished for its transparency and the depth and durability of its color.\n\n1. A brownish or dull red of any description, esp. of a scarlet cast rather than approaching crimson or purple. 2. An explosive shell. See Marron, 3.", "marooned": null, "marooning": null, "maroons": "In the West Indies and Guiana, a fugitive slave, or a free negro, living in the mountains.\n\nTo put (a person) ashore on a desolate island or coast and leave him to his fate. Marooning party, a social excursion party that sojourns several days on the shore or in some retired place; a prolonged picnic. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett.\n\nHaving the color called maroon. See 4th Maroon. Maroon lake, lake prepared from madder, and distinguished for its transparency and the depth and durability of its color.\n\n1. A brownish or dull red of any description, esp. of a scarlet cast rather than approaching crimson or purple. 2. An explosive shell. See Marron, 3.", - "marple": null, "marque": "A license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction, or boundary of a country, for the purpose of making reprisals. Letters of marque, Letters of marque and reprisal, a license or extraordinary commission granted by a government to a private person to fit out a privateer or armed ship to cruise at sea and make prize of the enemy's ships and merchandise. The ship so commissioned is sometimes called a letter of marque.", "marquee": "A large field tent; esp., one adapted to the use of an officer of high rank. [Written also markee.]", "marquees": "A large field tent; esp., one adapted to the use of an officer of high rank. [Written also markee.]", "marques": "A license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction, or boundary of a country, for the purpose of making reprisals. Letters of marque, Letters of marque and reprisal, a license or extraordinary commission granted by a government to a private person to fit out a privateer or armed ship to cruise at sea and make prize of the enemy's ships and merchandise. The ship so commissioned is sometimes called a letter of marque.", - "marquesas": null, "marquess": "A marquis. Lady marquess, a marchioness. [Obs.] Shak.", "marquesses": null, "marquetry": "Inlaid work; work inlaid with pieces of wood, shells, ivory, and the like, of several colors.", - "marquette": null, - "marquez": null, "marquis": "A nobleman in England, France, and Germany, of a rank next below that of duke. Originally, the marquis was an officer whose duty was to guard the marches or frontiers of the kingdom. The office has ceased, and the name is now a mere title conferred by patent.", "marquise": "The wife of a marquis; a marchioness.", "marquises": "The wife of a marquis; a marchioness.", "marquisette": null, - "marquita": null, - "marrakesh": null, "marred": null, "marriage": "1. The act of marrying, or the state of being married; legal union of a man and a woman for life, as husband and wife; wedlock; matrimony. Marriage is honorable in all. Heb. xiii. 4. 2. The marriage vow or contract. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A feast made on the occasion of a marriage. The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king which made a marriage for his son. Matt. xxii. 2. 4. Any intimate or close union. Marriage brokage. (a) The business of bringing about marriages. (b) The payment made or demanded for the procurement of a marriage. -- Marriage favors, knots of white ribbons, or bunches of white flowers, worn at weddings. -- Marriage settlement (Law), a settlement of property in view, and in consideration, of marriage. Syn. -- Matrimony; wedlock; wedding; nuptials. -- Marriage, Matrimony, Wedlock. Marriage is properly the act which unites the two parties, and matrimony the state into which they enter. Marriage is, however, often used for the state as well as the act. Wedlock is the old Anglo-Saxon term for matrimony.", "marriageability": "The quality or state of being marriageable.", @@ -46585,23 +40743,15 @@ "marrieds": "1. Being in the state of matrimony; wedded; as, a married man or woman. 2. Of or pertaining to marriage; connubial; as, the married state.", "marries": null, "marring": null, - "marriott": null, "marrow": "1. (Anat.) The tissue which fills the cavities of most bones; the medulla. In the larger cavities it is commonly very fatty, but in the smaller cavities it is much less fatty, and red or reddish in color. 2. The essence; the best part. It takes from our achievements . . . The pith and marrow of our attribute. Shak. 3. Etym: [OE. maru, maro; -- perh. a different word; cf. Gael. maraon together.] One of a pair; a match; a companion; an intimate associate. [Scot.] Chopping and changing I can not commend, With thief or his marrow, for fear of ill end. Tusser. Marrow squash (Bot.), a name given to several varieties of squash, esp. to the Boston marrow, an ovoid fruit, pointed at both ends, and with reddish yellow flesh, and to the vegetable marrow, a variety of an ovoid form, and having a soft texture and fine grain resembling marrow. -- Spinal marrow. (Anat.) See Spinal cord, under Spinal.\n\nTo fill with, or as with, marrow of fat; to glut.", "marrows": "1. (Anat.) The tissue which fills the cavities of most bones; the medulla. In the larger cavities it is commonly very fatty, but in the smaller cavities it is much less fatty, and red or reddish in color. 2. The essence; the best part. It takes from our achievements . . . The pith and marrow of our attribute. Shak. 3. Etym: [OE. maru, maro; -- perh. a different word; cf. Gael. maraon together.] One of a pair; a match; a companion; an intimate associate. [Scot.] Chopping and changing I can not commend, With thief or his marrow, for fear of ill end. Tusser. Marrow squash (Bot.), a name given to several varieties of squash, esp. to the Boston marrow, an ovoid fruit, pointed at both ends, and with reddish yellow flesh, and to the vegetable marrow, a variety of an ovoid form, and having a soft texture and fine grain resembling marrow. -- Spinal marrow. (Anat.) See Spinal cord, under Spinal.\n\nTo fill with, or as with, marrow of fat; to glut.", "marry": "1. To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to perform the ceremony of joining, as a man and a woman, for life; to constitute (a man and a woman) husband and wife according to the laws or customs of the place. Tell him that he shall marry the couple himself. Gay. 2. To join according to law, (a man) to a woman as his wife, or (a woman) to a man as her husband. See the Note to def. 4. A woman who had been married to her twenty-fifth husband, and being now a widow, was prohibited to marry. Evelyn. 3. To dispose of in wedlock; to give away as wife. Mæcenas took the liberty to tell him [Augustus] that he must either marry his daughter [Julia] to Agrippa, or take away his life. Bacon. 4. To take for husband or wife. See the Note below. Note: We say, a man is married to or marries a woman; or, a woman is married to or marries a man. Both of these uses are equally well authorized; but given in marriage is said only of the woman. They got him [the Duke of Monmouth] . . . to declare in writing, that the last king [Charles II.] told him he was never married to his mother. Bp. Lloyd. 5. Figuratively, to unite in the closest and most endearing relation. Turn, O backsliding children, saith the Lord; for I am married unto you. Jer. iii. 14. To marry ropes. (Naut.) (a) To place two ropes along side of each other so that they may be grasped and hauled on at the same time. (b) To join two ropes end to end so that both will pass through a block. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\nTo enter into the conjugal or connubial state; to take a husband or a wife. I will, therefore, that the younger women marry. 1 Tim. v. 14. Marrrying man, a man disposed to marry. [Colloq.]\n\nIndeed ! in truth ! -- a term of asseveration said to have been derived from the practice of swearing by the Virgin Mary. [Obs.] Shak.", "marrying": null, "mars": "1. (Rom. Myth.) The god of war and husbandry. 2. (Astron.) One of the planets of the solar system, the fourth in order from the sun, or the next beyond the earth, having a diameter of about 4,200 miles, a period of 687 days, and a mean distance of 141,000,000 miles. It is conspicuous for the redness of its light. 3. (Alchemy) The metallic element iron, the symbol of which was the same as that of the planet Mars. [Archaic] Chaucer. Mars brown, a bright, somewhat yellowish, brown.", - "marsala": "A kind of wine exported from Marsala in Sicily.", - "marseillaise": "Of or pertaining to Marseilles, in France, or to its inhabitants. Marseillaise hymn, or The Marseillaise, the national anthem of France, popularly so called. It was composed in 1792, by Rouget de l'Isle, an officer then stationed at Strasburg. In Paris it was sung for the first time by the band of men who came from Marseilles to aid in the revolution of August 10, 1792; whence the name.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Marseilles.", - "marseillaises": "Of or pertaining to Marseilles, in France, or to its inhabitants. Marseillaise hymn, or The Marseillaise, the national anthem of France, popularly so called. It was composed in 1792, by Rouget de l'Isle, an officer then stationed at Strasburg. In Paris it was sung for the first time by the band of men who came from Marseilles to aid in the revolution of August 10, 1792; whence the name.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Marseilles.", - "marseilles": "A general term for certain kinds of fabrics, which are formed of two series of threads interlacing each other, thus forming double cloth, quilted in the loom; -- so named because first made in Marseilles, France.", - "marses": null, "marsh": "A tract of soft wet land, commonly covered partially or wholly with water; a fen; a swamp; a morass. [Written also marish.] Marsh asphodel (Bot.), a plant (Nartheeium ossifragum) with linear equitant leaves, and a raceme of small white flowers; -- called also bog asphodel. -- Marsh cinquefoil (Bot.), a plant (Potentilla palustris) having purple flowers, and found growing in marshy places; marsh five- finger. -- Marsh elder. (Bot.) (a) The guelder-rose or cranberry tree (Viburnum Opulus). (b) In the United States, a composite shrub growing in salt marshes (Iva frutescens). -- Marsh five-finger. (Bot.) See Marsh cinquefoil (above). -- Marsh gas. (Chem.) See under Gas. -- Marsh grass (Bot.), a genus (Spartina) of coarse grasses growing in marshes; -- called also cord grass. The tall S. cynosuroides is not good for hay unless cut very young. The low S. juncea is a common component of salt hay. -- Marsh harrier (Zoöl.), a European hawk or harrier (Circus æruginosus); -- called also marsh hawk, moor hawk, moor buzzard, puttock. -- Marsh hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A hawk or harrier (Circus cyaneus), native of both America and Europe. The adults are bluish slate above, with a white rump. Called also hen harrier, and mouse hawk. (b) The marsh harrier. -- Marsh hen (Zoöl.), a rail; esp., Rallus elegans of fresh-water marshes, and R. longirostris of salt-water marshes. -- Marsh mallow (Bot.), a plant of the genus Althæa ( A. officinalis) common in marshes near the seashore, and whose root is much used in medicine as a demulcent. -- Marsh marigold. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Marsh pennywort (Bot.), any plant of the umbelliferous genus Hydrocotyle; low herbs with roundish leaves, growing in wet places; - - called also water pennywort. -- Marsh quail (Zoöl.), the meadow lark. -- Marsh rosemary (Bot.), a plant of the genus Statice (S. Limonium), common in salt marshes. Its root is powerfully astringent, and is sometimes used in medicine. Called also sea lavender. -- Marsh samphire (Bot.), a plant (Salicornia herbacea) found along seacoasts. See Glasswort. -- Marsh St. John's-wort (Bot.), an American herb (Elodes Virginica) with small opposite leaves and flesh-colored flowers. -- Marsh tea. (Bot.). Same as Labrador tea. -- Marsh trefoil. (Bot.) Same as Buckbean. -- Marsh wren (Zoöl.), any species of small American wrens of the genus Cistothorus, and allied genera. They chiefly inhabit salt marshes.", - "marsha": null, "marshal": "1. Originally, an officer who had the care of horses; a groom. [Obs.] 2. An officer of high rank, charged with the arrangement of ceremonies, the conduct of operations, or the like; as, specifically: (a) One who goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide entertainment; a harbinger; a pursuivant. (b) One who regulates rank and order at a feast or any other assembly, directs the order of procession, and the like. (c) The chief officer of arms, whose duty it was, in ancient times, to regulate combats in the lists. Johnson. (d) (France) The highest military officer. In other countries of Europe a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called field marshal. (e) (Am. Law) A ministerial officer, appointed for each judicial district of the United States, to execute the process of the courts of the United States, and perform various duties, similar to those of a sheriff. The name is also sometimes applied to certain police officers of a city. Earl marshal of England, the eighth officer of state; an honorary title, and personal, until made hereditary in the family of the Duke of Norfolk. During a vacancy in the office of high constable, the earl marshal has jurisdiction in the court of chivalry. Brande & C. -- Earl marshal of Scotland, an officer who had command of the cavalry under the constable. This office was held by the family of Keith, but forfeited by rebellion in 1715. -- Knight marshal, or Marshal of the King's house, formerly, in England, the marshal of the king's house, who was authorized to hear and determine all pleas of the Crown, to punish faults committed within the verge, etc. His court was called the Court of Marshalsea. -- Marshal of the Queen's Bench, formerly the title of the officer who had the custody of the Queen's bench prison in Southwark. Mozley & W.\n\n1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a suitable manner; as, to marshal troops or an army. And marshaling the heroes of his name As, in their order, next to light they came. Dryden. 2. To direct, guide, or lead. Thou marshalest me the way that I was going. Shak. 3. (Her.) To dispose in due order, as the different quarterings on an escutcheon, or the different crests when several belong to an achievement.", "marshaled": null, "marshaling": "1. The act of arranging in due order. 2. (Her.) The arrangement of an escutcheon to exhibit the alliances of the owner. Marshaling of assets (Law), the arranging or ranking of assets in due order of administration.", - "marshall": null, "marshals": "1. Originally, an officer who had the care of horses; a groom. [Obs.] 2. An officer of high rank, charged with the arrangement of ceremonies, the conduct of operations, or the like; as, specifically: (a) One who goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide entertainment; a harbinger; a pursuivant. (b) One who regulates rank and order at a feast or any other assembly, directs the order of procession, and the like. (c) The chief officer of arms, whose duty it was, in ancient times, to regulate combats in the lists. Johnson. (d) (France) The highest military officer. In other countries of Europe a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called field marshal. (e) (Am. Law) A ministerial officer, appointed for each judicial district of the United States, to execute the process of the courts of the United States, and perform various duties, similar to those of a sheriff. The name is also sometimes applied to certain police officers of a city. Earl marshal of England, the eighth officer of state; an honorary title, and personal, until made hereditary in the family of the Duke of Norfolk. During a vacancy in the office of high constable, the earl marshal has jurisdiction in the court of chivalry. Brande & C. -- Earl marshal of Scotland, an officer who had command of the cavalry under the constable. This office was held by the family of Keith, but forfeited by rebellion in 1715. -- Knight marshal, or Marshal of the King's house, formerly, in England, the marshal of the king's house, who was authorized to hear and determine all pleas of the Crown, to punish faults committed within the verge, etc. His court was called the Court of Marshalsea. -- Marshal of the Queen's Bench, formerly the title of the officer who had the custody of the Queen's bench prison in Southwark. Mozley & W.\n\n1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a suitable manner; as, to marshal troops or an army. And marshaling the heroes of his name As, in their order, next to light they came. Dryden. 2. To direct, guide, or lead. Thou marshalest me the way that I was going. Shak. 3. (Her.) To dispose in due order, as the different quarterings on an escutcheon, or the different crests when several belong to an achievement.", "marshes": null, "marshier": null, @@ -46614,64 +40764,36 @@ "marsupial": "1. (Zoöl.) Having a pouch for carrying the immature young; of or pertaining to the Marsupialia. 2. (Anat. & Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a marsupium; as, the marsupial bones. Marsupial frog. (Zoöl.) See Nototrema.\n\nOne of the Marsupialia.", "marsupials": "1. (Zoöl.) Having a pouch for carrying the immature young; of or pertaining to the Marsupialia. 2. (Anat. & Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a marsupium; as, the marsupial bones. Marsupial frog. (Zoöl.) See Nototrema.\n\nOne of the Marsupialia.", "mart": "1. A market. Where has commerce such a mart . . . as London Cowper. 2. A bargain. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo buy or sell in, or as in, a mart. [Obs.] To sell and mart your officer for gold To undeservers. Shak.\n\nTo traffic. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. The god Mars. [Obs.] 2. Battle; contest. [Obs.] Fairfax.", - "marta": null, - "martel": "To make a blow with, or as with, a hammer. [Obs.] Spenser.", "marten": "A bird. See Martin.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several fur-bearing carnivores of the genus Mustela, closely allied to the sable. Among the more important species are the European beech, or stone, marten (Mustela foina); the pine marten (M. martes); and the American marten, or sable (M. Americana), which some zoölogists consider only a variety of the Russian sable. 2. The fur of the marten, used for hats, muffs, etc.", "martens": "A bird. See Martin.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several fur-bearing carnivores of the genus Mustela, closely allied to the sable. Among the more important species are the European beech, or stone, marten (Mustela foina); the pine marten (M. martes); and the American marten, or sable (M. Americana), which some zoölogists consider only a variety of the Russian sable. 2. The fur of the marten, used for hats, muffs, etc.", "martensite": null, - "martha": null, "martial": "1. Of, pertaining to, or suited for, war; military; as, martial music; a martial appearance. \"Martial equipage.\" Milton. 2. Practiced in, or inclined to, war; warlike; brave. But peaceful kings, o'er martial people set, Each other's poise and counterbalance are. Dryden. 3. Belonging to war, or to an army and navy; -- opposed to civil; as, martial law; a court-martial. 4. Pertaining to, or resembling, the god, or the planet, Mars. Sir T. Browne. 5. (Old Chem. & Old Med.) Pertaining to, or containing, iron; chalybeate; as, martial preparations. [Archaic] Martial flowers (Med.), a reddish crystalline salt of iron; the ammonio-chloride of iron. [Obs.] -- Martial law, the law administered by the military power of a government when it has superseded the civil authority in time of war, or when the civil authorities are unable to enforce the laws. It is distinguished from military law, the latter being the code of rules for the regulation of the army and navy alone, either in peace or in war. Syn. -- Martial, Warlike. Martial refers more to war in action, its array, its attendants, etc.; as, martial music, a martial appearance, a martial array, courts-martial, etc. Warlike describes the feeling or temper which leads to war, and the adjuncts of war; as, a warlike nation, warlike indication, etc. The two words are often used without discrimination.", "martially": "In a martial manner.", "martian": "Of or pertaining to Mars, the Roman god of war, or to the planet bearing his name; martial.\n\nAn inhabitant of the planet Mars. Du Maurier.", "martians": "Of or pertaining to Mars, the Roman god of war, or to the planet bearing his name; martial.\n\nAn inhabitant of the planet Mars. Du Maurier.", "martin": "A perforated stone-faced runner for grinding.\n\nOne of several species of swallows, usually having the tail less deeply forked than the tail of the common swallows. [Written also marten.] Note: The American purple martin, or bee martin (Progne subis, or purpurea), and the European house, or window, martin (Hirundo, or Chelidon, urbica), are the best known species. Bank martin. (a) The bank swallow. See under Bank. (b) The fairy martin. See under Fairy. -- Bee martin. (a) The purple martin. (b) The kingbird. -- Sand martin, the bank swallow.", - "martina": null, "martinet": "In military language, a strict disciplinarian; in general, one who lays stress on a rigid adherence to the details of discipline, or to forms and fixed methods. [Hence, the word is commonly employed in a depreciatory sense.]\n\nThe martin.", "martinets": "In military language, a strict disciplinarian; in general, one who lays stress on a rigid adherence to the details of discipline, or to forms and fixed methods. [Hence, the word is commonly employed in a depreciatory sense.]\n\nThe martin.", - "martinez": null, "martingale": "1. A strap fastened to a horse's girth, passing between his fore legs, and fastened to the bit, or now more commonly ending in two rings, through which the reins pass. It is intended to hold down the head of the horse, and prevent him from rearing. 2. (Naut.) A lower stay of rope or chain for the jib boom or flying jib boom, fastened to, or reeved through, the dolphin striker. Also, the dolphin striker itself. 3. (Gambling) The act of doubling, at each stake, that which has been lost on the preceding stake; also, the sum so risked; -- metaphorically derived from the bifurcation of the martingale of a harness. [Cant] Thackeray.", "martingales": "1. A strap fastened to a horse's girth, passing between his fore legs, and fastened to the bit, or now more commonly ending in two rings, through which the reins pass. It is intended to hold down the head of the horse, and prevent him from rearing. 2. (Naut.) A lower stay of rope or chain for the jib boom or flying jib boom, fastened to, or reeved through, the dolphin striker. Also, the dolphin striker itself. 3. (Gambling) The act of doubling, at each stake, that which has been lost on the preceding stake; also, the sum so risked; -- metaphorically derived from the bifurcation of the martingale of a harness. [Cant] Thackeray.", "martini": null, - "martinique": null, "martinis": null, "martins": "A perforated stone-faced runner for grinding.\n\nOne of several species of swallows, usually having the tail less deeply forked than the tail of the common swallows. [Written also marten.] Note: The American purple martin, or bee martin (Progne subis, or purpurea), and the European house, or window, martin (Hirundo, or Chelidon, urbica), are the best known species. Bank martin. (a) The bank swallow. See under Bank. (b) The fairy martin. See under Fairy. -- Bee martin. (a) The purple martin. (b) The kingbird. -- Sand martin, the bank swallow.", "marts": "1. A market. Where has commerce such a mart . . . as London Cowper. 2. A bargain. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo buy or sell in, or as in, a mart. [Obs.] To sell and mart your officer for gold To undeservers. Shak.\n\nTo traffic. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. The god Mars. [Obs.] 2. Battle; contest. [Obs.] Fairfax.", - "marty": null, "martyr": "1. One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel; one who is put to death for his religion; as, Stephen was the first Christian martyr. Chaucer. To be a martyr, signifies only to witness the truth of Christ; but the witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with persecution, that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness by death South. 2. Hence, one who sacrifices his life, his station, or what is of great value to him, for the sake of principle, or to sustain a cause. Then if thou fall'st, O Cromwell, Thou fall'st a blessed martyr ! Shak.\n\n1. To put to death for adhering to some belief, esp. Christianity; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession. Bp. Pearson. 2. To persecute; to torment; to torture. Chaucer. The lovely Amoret, whose gentle heart Thou martyrest with sorrow and with smart. Spenser. Racked with sciatics, martyred with the stone. Pope.", "martyrdom": "1. The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any cause. Bacon. I came from martyrdom unto this peace. Longfellow. 2. Affliction; torment; torture. Chaucer.", "martyred": null, "martyring": null, "martyrs": "1. One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel; one who is put to death for his religion; as, Stephen was the first Christian martyr. Chaucer. To be a martyr, signifies only to witness the truth of Christ; but the witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with persecution, that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness by death South. 2. Hence, one who sacrifices his life, his station, or what is of great value to him, for the sake of principle, or to sustain a cause. Then if thou fall'st, O Cromwell, Thou fall'st a blessed martyr ! Shak.\n\n1. To put to death for adhering to some belief, esp. Christianity; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession. Bp. Pearson. 2. To persecute; to torment; to torture. Chaucer. The lovely Amoret, whose gentle heart Thou martyrest with sorrow and with smart. Spenser. Racked with sciatics, martyred with the stone. Pope.", - "marva": null, "marvel": "1. That which causes wonder; a prodigy; a miracle. I will do marvels such as have not been done. Ex. xxxiv. 10. Nature's sweet marvel undefiled. Emerson. 2. Wonder. [R.] \"Use lessens marvel.\" Sir W. Scott. Marvel of Peru. (Bot.) See Four-o'clock.\n\nTo be struck with surprise, astonishment, or wonder; to wonder. Marvel not, my brethren, if the world hate you. 1 john iii. 13.\n\n1. To marvel at. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. To cause to marvel, or be surprised; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] But much now me marveleth. Rich. the Redeless.", "marveled": null, "marveling": null, - "marvell": null, "marvelous": "1. Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful. This is the Lord's doing; it is marvelous in our eyes. Ps. cxiii. 23. 2. Partaking of the character of miracle, or superna The marvelous fable includes whatever is supernatural, and especially the machines of the gods. Pope. The marvelous, that which exceeds natural power, or is preternatural; that which is wonderful; -- opposed to the probable. Syn. -- Wonderful; astonishing; surprising; strange; improbable; incredible. -- Marvelous, Wonderful. We speak of a thing as wonderful when it awakens our surprise and admiration; as marvelous when it is so much out of the ordinary course of things as to seem nearly or quite incredible.", "marvelously": "In a marvelous manner; wonderfully; strangely.", "marvels": "1. That which causes wonder; a prodigy; a miracle. I will do marvels such as have not been done. Ex. xxxiv. 10. Nature's sweet marvel undefiled. Emerson. 2. Wonder. [R.] \"Use lessens marvel.\" Sir W. Scott. Marvel of Peru. (Bot.) See Four-o'clock.\n\nTo be struck with surprise, astonishment, or wonder; to wonder. Marvel not, my brethren, if the world hate you. 1 john iii. 13.\n\n1. To marvel at. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. To cause to marvel, or be surprised; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] But much now me marveleth. Rich. the Redeless.", - "marvin": null, - "marx": null, - "marxian": null, - "marxism": null, - "marxisms": null, - "marxist": null, - "marxists": null, - "mary": "Marrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nSee Marry. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "maryann": null, - "maryanne": null, - "maryellen": null, - "maryland": null, - "marylander": null, - "marylou": null, - "marysville": null, "marzipan": null, "mas": "1. A child's word for mother. 2. [Hind.] In Oriental countries, a respectful form of address given to a woman; mother. Balfour (Cyc. of India).\n\nBut; -- used in cautionary phrases; as, \"Vivace, ma non troppo presto\" (i. e., lively, but not too quick). Moore (Encyc. of Music).", - "masada": null, - "masai": null, - "masaryk": null, "masc": null, - "mascagni": null, "mascara": null, "mascaraed": null, "mascaraing": null, @@ -46681,17 +40803,13 @@ "masculine": "1. Of the male sex; not female. Thy masculine children, that is to say, thy sons. Chaucer. 2. Having the qualities of a man; suitable to, or characteristic of, a man; virile; not feminine or effeminate; strong; robust. That lady, after her husband's death, held the reins with a masculine energy. Hallam. 3. Belonging to males; appropriated to, or used by, males. [R.] \"A masculine church.\" Fuller. 4. (Gram.) Having the inflections of, or construed with, words pertaining especially to male beings, as distinguished from feminine and neuter. See Gender. -- Mas\"cu*line*ly, adv. -- Mas\"cu*line*ness, n.", "masculines": "1. Of the male sex; not female. Thy masculine children, that is to say, thy sons. Chaucer. 2. Having the qualities of a man; suitable to, or characteristic of, a man; virile; not feminine or effeminate; strong; robust. That lady, after her husband's death, held the reins with a masculine energy. Hallam. 3. Belonging to males; appropriated to, or used by, males. [R.] \"A masculine church.\" Fuller. 4. (Gram.) Having the inflections of, or construed with, words pertaining especially to male beings, as distinguished from feminine and neuter. See Gender. -- Mas\"cu*line*ly, adv. -- Mas\"cu*line*ness, n.", "masculinity": "The state or quality of being masculine; masculineness.", - "masefield": null, "maser": "Same as Mazer.", - "maserati": null, "masers": "Same as Mazer.", - "maseru": null, "mash": "A mesh. [Obs.]\n\n1. A mass of mixed ingredients reduced to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure; a mass of anything in a soft pulpy state. Specifically (Brewing), ground or bruised malt, or meal of rye, wheat, corn, or other grain (or a mixture of malt and meal) steeped and stirred in hot water for making the wort. 2. A mixture of meal or bran and water fed to animals. 3. A mess; trouble. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Mash tun, a large tub used in making mash and wort.\n\nTo convert into a mash; to reduce to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure; to bruise; to crush; as, to mash apples in a mill, or potatoes with a pestle. Specifically (Brewing), to convert, as malt, or malt and meal, into the mash which makes wort. Mashing tub, a tub for making the mash in breweries and distilleries; -- called also mash tun, and mash vat.", "mashed": null, "masher": "1. One who, or that which, mashes; also (Brewing), a machine for making mash. 2. A charmer of women. [Slang] London Punch.", "mashers": "1. One who, or that which, mashes; also (Brewing), a machine for making mash. 2. A charmer of women. [Slang] London Punch.", "mashes": null, - "mashhad": null, "mashing": null, "mashup": null, "mashups": null, @@ -46708,7 +40826,6 @@ "masochists": null, "mason": "1. One whose occupation is to build with stone or brick; also, one who prepares stone for building purposes. 2. A member of the fraternity of Freemasons. See Freemason. Mason bee (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of solitary bees of the genus Osmia. They construct curious nests of hardened mud and sand. -- Mason moth (Zoöl.), any moth whose larva constructs an earthen cocoon under the soil. -- Mason shell (Zoöl.), a marine univalve shell of the genus Phorus; -- so called because it cements other shells and pebbles upon its own shell; a carrier shell. -- Mason wasp (Zoöl.), any wasp that constructs its nest, or brood cells, of hardened mud. The female fills the cells with insects or spiders, paralyzed by a sting, and thus provides food for its larvæ\n\nTo build stonework or brickwork about, under, in, over, etc.; to construct by masons; -- with a prepositional suffix; as, to mason up a well or terrace; to mason in a kettle or boiler.", "masonic": "Of or pertaining to Freemasons or to their craft or mysteries.", - "masonite": null, "masonry": "1. The art or occupation of a mason. 2. The work or performance of a mason; as, good or bad masonry; skillful masonry. 3. That which is built by a mason; anything constructed of the materials used by masons, such as stone, brick, tiles, or the like. Dry masonry is applied to structures made without mortar. 4. The craft, institution, or mysteries of Freemasons; freemasonry.", "masons": "1. One whose occupation is to build with stone or brick; also, one who prepares stone for building purposes. 2. A member of the fraternity of Freemasons. See Freemason. Mason bee (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of solitary bees of the genus Osmia. They construct curious nests of hardened mud and sand. -- Mason moth (Zoöl.), any moth whose larva constructs an earthen cocoon under the soil. -- Mason shell (Zoöl.), a marine univalve shell of the genus Phorus; -- so called because it cements other shells and pebbles upon its own shell; a carrier shell. -- Mason wasp (Zoöl.), any wasp that constructs its nest, or brood cells, of hardened mud. The female fills the cells with insects or spiders, paralyzed by a sting, and thus provides food for its larvæ\n\nTo build stonework or brickwork about, under, in, over, etc.; to construct by masons; -- with a prepositional suffix; as, to mason up a well or terrace; to mason in a kettle or boiler.", "masque": "A mask; a masquerade.", @@ -46720,7 +40837,6 @@ "masquerading": null, "masques": "A mask; a masquerade.", "mass": "1. (R. C. Ch.) The sacrifice in the sacrament of the Eucharist, or the consecration and oblation of the host. 2. (Mus.) The portions of the Mass usually set to music, considered as a musical composition; -- namely, the Kyrie, the Gloria, the Credo, the Sanctus, and the Agnus Dei, besides sometimes an Offertory and the Benedictus. Canon of the Mass. See Canon. -- High Mass, Mass with incense, music, the assistance of a deacon, subdeacon, etc. -- Low Mass, Mass which is said by the priest through-out, without music. -- Mass bell, the sanctus bell. See Sanctus. -- Mass book, the missal or Roman Catholic service book.\n\nTo celebrate Mass. [Obs.] Hooker.\n\n1. A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size; as, a mass of ore, metal, sand, or water. If it were not for these principles, the bodies of the earth, planets, comets, sun, and all things in them, would grow cold and freeze, and become inactive masses. Sir I. Newton. A deep mass of continual sea is slower stirred To rage. Savile. 2. (Phar.) A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills; as, blue mass. 3. A large quantity; a sum. All the mass of gold that comes into Spain. Sir W. Raleigh. He had spent a huge mass of treasure. Sir J. Davies. 4. Bulk; magnitude; body; size. This army of such mass and charge. Shak. 5. The principal part; the main body. Night closed upon the pursuit, and aided the mass of the fugitives in their escape. Jowett (Thucyd.). 6. (Physics) The quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume. Note: Mass and weight are often used, in a general way, as interchangeable terms, since the weight of a body is proportional to its mass (under the same or equal gravitative forces), and the mass is usually ascertained from the weight. Yet the two ideas, mass and weight, are quite distinct. Mass is the quantity of matter in a body; weight is the comparative force with which it tends towards the center of the earth. A mass of sugar and a mass of lead are assumed to be equal when they show an equal weight by balancing each other in the scales. Blue mass. See under Blue. -- Mass center (Geom.), the center of gravity of a triangle. -- Mass copper, native copper in a large mass. -- Mass meeting, a large or general assembly of people, usually a meeting having some relation to politics. -- The masses, the great body of the people, as contrasted with the higher classes; the populace.\n\nTo form or collect into a mass; to form into a collective body; to bring together into masses; to assemble. But mass them together and they are terrible indeed. Coleridge.", - "massachusetts": null, "massacre": "1. The killing of a considerable number of human beings under circumstances of atrocity or cruelty, or contrary to the usages of civilized people; as, the massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day. 2. Murder. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Massacre, Butchery, Carnage. Massacre denotes the promiscuous slaughter of many who can not make resistance, or much resistance. Butchery refers to cold-blooded cruelty in the killing of men as if they were brute beasts. Carnage points to slaughter as producing the heaped-up bodies of the slain. I'll find a day to massacre them all, And raze their faction and their family. Shak. If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds, Brhold this pattern of thy butcheries. Shak. Such a scent I draw Of carnage, prey innumerable ! Milton.\n\nTo kill in considerable numbers where much resistance can not be made; to kill with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and contrary to the usages of nations; to butcher; to slaughter; -- limited to the killing of human beings. If James should be pleased to massacre them all, as Maximian had massacred the Theban legion. Macaulay.", "massacred": null, "massacres": "1. The killing of a considerable number of human beings under circumstances of atrocity or cruelty, or contrary to the usages of civilized people; as, the massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day. 2. Murder. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Massacre, Butchery, Carnage. Massacre denotes the promiscuous slaughter of many who can not make resistance, or much resistance. Butchery refers to cold-blooded cruelty in the killing of men as if they were brute beasts. Carnage points to slaughter as producing the heaped-up bodies of the slain. I'll find a day to massacre them all, And raze their faction and their family. Shak. If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds, Brhold this pattern of thy butcheries. Shak. Such a scent I draw Of carnage, prey innumerable ! Milton.\n\nTo kill in considerable numbers where much resistance can not be made; to kill with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and contrary to the usages of nations; to butcher; to slaughter; -- limited to the killing of human beings. If James should be pleased to massacre them all, as Maximian had massacred the Theban legion. Macaulay.", @@ -46729,15 +40845,12 @@ "massaged": null, "massages": "A rubbing or kneading of the body, especially when performed as a hygienic or remedial measure.", "massaging": null, - "massasoit": null, "massed": null, - "massenet": null, "masses": "A stroke made with the cue held vertically.", "masseur": "One who performs massage.", "masseurs": "One who performs massage.", "masseuse": "One who performs massage.", "masseuses": "One who performs massage.", - "massey": null, "massif": null, "massifs": null, "massing": null, @@ -46749,7 +40862,6 @@ "mastectomy": null, "masted": "Furnished with a mast or masts; -- chiefly in composition; as, a three-masted schooner.", "master": "A vessel having (so many) masts; -- used only in compounds; as, a two-master.\n\n1. A male person having another living being so far subject to his will, that he can, in the main, control his or its actions; -- formerly used with much more extensive application than now. (a) The employer of a servant. (b) The owner of a slave. (c) The person to whom an apprentice is articled. (d) A sovereign, prince, or feudal noble; a chief, or one exercising similar authority. (e) The head of a household. (f) The male head of a school or college. (g) A male teacher. (h) The director of a number of persons performing a ceremony or sharing a feast. (i) The owner of a docile brute, -- especially a dog or horse. (j) The controller of a familiar spirit or other supernatural being. 2. One who uses, or controls at will, anything inanimate; as, to be master of one's time. Shak. Master of a hundred thousand drachms. Addison. We are masters of the sea. Jowett (Thucyd. ). 3. One who has attained great skill in the use or application of anything; as, a master of oratorical art. Great masters of ridicule. Maccaulay. No care is taken to improve young men in their own language, that they may thoroughly understand and be masters of it. Locke. 4. A title given by courtesy, now commonly pronounced mìster, except when given to boys; -- sometimes written Mister, but usually abbreviated to Mr. 5. A young gentleman; a lad, or small boy. Where there are little masters and misses in a house, they are impediments to the diversions of the servants. Swift. 6. (Naut.) The commander of a merchant vessel; -- usually called captain. Also, a commissioned officer in the navy ranking next above ensign and below lieutenant; formerly, an officer on a man-of-war who had immediate charge, under the commander, of sailing the vessel. 7. A person holding an office of authority among the Freemasons, esp. the presiding officer; also, a person holding a similar office in other civic societies. Little masters, certain German engravers of the 16th century, so called from the extreme smallness of their prints. -- Master in chancery, an officer of courts of equity, who acts as an assistant to the chancellor or judge, by inquiring into various matters referred to him, and reporting thereon to the court. -- Master of arts, one who takes the second degree at a university; also, the degree or title itself, indicated by the abbreviation M. A., or A. M. -- Master of the horse, the third great officer in the British court, having the management of the royal stables, etc. In ceremonial cavalcades he rides next to the sovereign. -- Master of the rolls, in England, an officer who has charge of the rolls and patents that pass the great seal, and of the records of the chancery, and acts as assistant judge of the court. Bouvier. Wharton. -- Past master, one who has held the office of master in a lodge of Freemasons or in a society similarly organized. -- The old masters, distinguished painters who preceded modern painters; especially, the celebrated painters of the 16th and 17th centuries. -- To be master of one's self, to have entire self-control; not to be governed by passion. -- To be one's own master, to be at liberty to act as one chooses without dictation from anybody. Note: Master, signifying chief, principal, masterly, superior, thoroughly skilled, etc., is often used adjiectively or in compounds; as, master builder or master-builder, master chord or master-chord, master mason or master-mason, master workman or master-workman, master mechanic, master mind, master spirit, master passion, etc. Throughout the city by the master gate. Chaucer. Master joint (Geol.), a quarryman's term for the more prominent and extended joints traversing a rock mass. -- Master key, a key adapted to open several locks differing somewhat from each other; figuratively, a rule or principle of general application in solving difficulties. -- Master lode (Mining), the principal vein of ore. -- Master mariner, an experienced and skilled seaman who is certified to be competent to command a merchant vessel. -- Master sinew (Far.), a large sinew that surrounds the hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone by a hollow place, where the windgalls are usually seated. -- Master singer. See Mastersinger. -- Master stroke, a capital performance; a masterly achievement; a consummate action; as, a master stroke of policy. -- Master tap (Mech.), a tap for forming the thread in a screw cutting die. -- Master touch. (a) The touch or skill of a master. Pope. (b) Some part of a performance which exhibits very skillful work or treatment. \"Some master touches of this admirable piece.\" Tatler. -- Master work, the most important work accomplished by a skilled person, as in architecture, literature, etc.; also, a work which shows the skill of a master; a masterpiece. -- Master workman, a man specially skilled in any art, handicraft, or trade, or who is an overseer, foreman, or employer.\n\n1. To become the master of; to subject to one's will, control, or authority; to conquer; to overpower; to subdue. Obstinacy and willful neglects must be mastered, even though it cost blows. Locke. 2. To gain the command of, so as to understand or apply; to become an adept in; as, to master a science. 3. To own; to posses. [Obs.] The wealth That the world masters. Shak.\n\nTo be skillful; to excel. [Obs.]", - "mastercard": null, "masterclass": null, "masterclasses": null, "mastered": null, @@ -46841,20 +40953,10 @@ "mathematician": "One versed in mathematics.", "mathematicians": "One versed in mathematics.", "mathematics": "That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of the methods by which, in accordance with these relations, quantities sought are deducible from other quantities known or supposed; the science of spatial and quantitative relations. Note: Mathematics embraces three departments, namely: 1. Arithmetic. 2. Geometry, including Trigonometry and Conic Sections. 3. Analysis, in which letters are used, including Algebra, Analytical Geometry, and Calculus. Each of these divisions is divided into pure or abstract, which considers magnitude or quantity abstractly, without relation to matter; and mixed or applied, which treats of magnitude as subsisting in material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with physical considerations.", - "mather": "See Madder.", - "matheson": null, - "mathew": null, - "mathews": null, - "mathewson": null, - "mathias": null, - "mathis": null, - "matilda": null, "matinee": "A reception, or a musical or dramatic entertainment, held in the daytime. See SoirÉe.", "matinees": "A reception, or a musical or dramatic entertainment, held in the daytime. See SoirÉe.", "mating": null, "matins": "A French mastiff.\n\n1. Morning. [Obs.] Shak. 2. pl. Etym: [F. matines. See Etymol. above.] Morning worship or service; morning prayers or songs. The winged choristers began To chirp their matins. Cleveland. 3. Time of morning service; the first canonical hour in the Roman Catholic Church.\n\nOf or pertaining to the morning, or to matins; used in the morning; matutinal.", - "matisse": null, - "matlab": null, "matriarch": "The mother and ruler of a family or of her descendants; a ruler by maternal right.", "matriarchal": "Of or pertaining to a matriarch; governed by a matriarch.", "matriarchies": null, @@ -46876,20 +40978,13 @@ "matronly": "1. Advanced in years; elderly. 2. Like, or befitting, a matron; grave; sedate.", "matrons": "1. A wife or a widow, especially, one who has borne children; a woman of staid or motherly manners. Your wives, your daughters, Your matrons, and your maids. Shak. Grave from her cradle, insomuch that she was a matron before she was a mother. Fuller. 2. A housekeeper; esp., a woman who manages the domestic economy of a public instution; a head nurse in a hospital; as, the matron of a school or hospital. Jury of matrons (Law), a jury of experienced women called to determine the question of pregnancy when set up in bar of execution, and for other cognate purposes.", "mats": "A name given by coppersmiths to an alloy of copper, tin, iron, etc., usually called white metal. [Written also matt.]\n\nCast down; dejected; overthrown; slain. [Obs.] When he saw them so piteous and so maat. Chaucer.\n\n1. A fabric of sedge, rushes, flags, husks, straw, hemp, or similar material, used for wiping and cleaning shoes at the door, for covering the floor of a hall or room, and for other purposes. 2. Any similar fabric for various uses, as for covering plant houses, putting beneath dishes or lamps on a table, securing rigging from friction, and the like. 3. Anything growing thickly, or closely interwoven, so as to resemble a mat in form or texture; as, a mat of weeds; a mat of hair. 4. An ornamental border made of paper, pasterboard, metal, etc., put under the glass which covers a framed picture; as, the mat of a daguerreotype. Mat grass. (Bot.) (a) A low, tufted, European grass (Nardus stricta). (b) Same as Matweed. -- Mat rush (Bot.), a kind of rush (Scirpus lacustris) used in England for making mats.\n\n1. To cover or lay with mats. Evelyn. 2. To twist, twine, or felt together; to interweave into, or like, a mat; to entangle. And o'er his eyebrows hung his matted hair. Dryden.\n\nTo grow thick together; to become interwoven or felted together like a mat.", - "matt": "See Matte. Knight.", "matte": "1. (Metallurgy) A partly reduced copper sulphide, obtained by alternately roasting and melting copper ore in separating the metal from associated iron ores, and called coarse metal, fine metal, etc., according to the grade of fineness. On the exterior it is dark brown or black, but on a fresh surface is yellow or bronzy in color. 2. A dead or dull finish, as in gilding where the gold leaf is not burnished, or in painting where the surface is purposely deprived of gloss.", "matted": "Having a dull surface; unburnished; as, matted gold leaf or gilding. Matted glass, glass ornamented with figures on a dull ground.\n\n1. Covered with a mat or mats; as, a matted floor. 2. Tangled closely together; having its parts adhering closely together; as, matted hair.", - "mattel": null, "matter": "1. That of which anything is composed; constituent substance; material; the material or substantial part of anything; the constituent elements of conception; that into which a notion may be analyzed; the essence; the pith; the embodiment. He is the matter of virtue. B. Jonson. 2. That of which the sensible universe and all existent bodies are composed; anything which has extension, occupies space, or is perceptible by the senses; body; substance. Note: Matter is usually divided by philosophical writers into three kinds or classes: solid, liquid, and aëriform. Solid substances are those whose parts firmly cohere and resist impression, as wood or stone. Liquids have free motion among their parts, and easily yield to impression, as water and wine. Aëriform substances are elastic fluids, called vapors and gases, as air and oxygen gas. 3. That with regard to, or about which, anything takes place or is done; the thing aimed at, treated of, or treated; subject of action, discussion, consideration, feeling, complaint, legal action, or the like; theme. \"If the matter should be tried by duel.\" Bacon. Son of God, Savior of men ! Thy name Shall be the copious matter of my song. Milton. Every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge. Ex. xviii. 22. 4. That which one has to treat, or with which one has to do; concern; affair; business. To help the matter, the alchemists call in many vanities out of astrology. Bacon. Some young female seems to have carried matters so far, that she is ripe for asking advice. Spectator. 5. Affair worthy of account; thing of consequence; importance; significance; moment; -- chiefly in the phrases what matter no matter, and the like. A prophet some, and some a poet, cry; No matter which, so neither of them lie. Dryden. 6. Inducing cause or occasion, especially of anything disagreeable or distressing; difficulty; trouble. And this is the matter why interpreters upon that passage in Hosea will not consent it to be a true story, that the prophet took a harlot to wife. Milton. 7. Amount; quantity; portion; space; -- often indefinite. Away he goes, . . . a matter of seven miles. L' Estrange. I have thoughts to tarry a small matter. Congreve. No small matter of British forces were commanded over sea the year before. Mi lton. 8. Substance excreted from living animal bodies; that which is thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil, or abscess; pus; purulent substance. 9. (Metaph.) That which is permanent, or is supposed to be given, and in or upon which changes are effected by psychological or physical processes and relations; -- opposed to form. Mansel. 10. (Print.) Written manuscript, or anything to be set in type; copy; also, type set up and ready to be used, or which has been used, in printing. Dead matter (Print.), type which has been used, or which is not to be used, in printing, and is ready for distribution. -- Live matter (Print.), type set up, but not yet printed from. -- Matter in bar, Matter of fact. See under Bar, and Fact. -- Matter of record, anything recorded. -- Upon the matter, or Upon the whole matter, considering the whole; taking all things into view. Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, upon the whole matter, equal in foot. Clarendon.\n\n1. To be of importance; to import; to signify. It matters not how they were called. Locke. 2. To form pus or matter, as an abscess; to maturate. [R.] \"Each slight sore mattereth.\" Sir P. Sidney.\n\nTo regard as important; to take account of; to care for. [Obs.] He did not matter cold nor hunger. H. Brooke.", "mattered": null, - "matterhorn": null, "mattering": null, "matters": "1. That of which anything is composed; constituent substance; material; the material or substantial part of anything; the constituent elements of conception; that into which a notion may be analyzed; the essence; the pith; the embodiment. He is the matter of virtue. B. Jonson. 2. That of which the sensible universe and all existent bodies are composed; anything which has extension, occupies space, or is perceptible by the senses; body; substance. Note: Matter is usually divided by philosophical writers into three kinds or classes: solid, liquid, and aëriform. Solid substances are those whose parts firmly cohere and resist impression, as wood or stone. Liquids have free motion among their parts, and easily yield to impression, as water and wine. Aëriform substances are elastic fluids, called vapors and gases, as air and oxygen gas. 3. That with regard to, or about which, anything takes place or is done; the thing aimed at, treated of, or treated; subject of action, discussion, consideration, feeling, complaint, legal action, or the like; theme. \"If the matter should be tried by duel.\" Bacon. Son of God, Savior of men ! Thy name Shall be the copious matter of my song. Milton. Every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge. Ex. xviii. 22. 4. That which one has to treat, or with which one has to do; concern; affair; business. To help the matter, the alchemists call in many vanities out of astrology. Bacon. Some young female seems to have carried matters so far, that she is ripe for asking advice. Spectator. 5. Affair worthy of account; thing of consequence; importance; significance; moment; -- chiefly in the phrases what matter no matter, and the like. A prophet some, and some a poet, cry; No matter which, so neither of them lie. Dryden. 6. Inducing cause or occasion, especially of anything disagreeable or distressing; difficulty; trouble. And this is the matter why interpreters upon that passage in Hosea will not consent it to be a true story, that the prophet took a harlot to wife. Milton. 7. Amount; quantity; portion; space; -- often indefinite. Away he goes, . . . a matter of seven miles. L' Estrange. I have thoughts to tarry a small matter. Congreve. No small matter of British forces were commanded over sea the year before. Mi lton. 8. Substance excreted from living animal bodies; that which is thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil, or abscess; pus; purulent substance. 9. (Metaph.) That which is permanent, or is supposed to be given, and in or upon which changes are effected by psychological or physical processes and relations; -- opposed to form. Mansel. 10. (Print.) Written manuscript, or anything to be set in type; copy; also, type set up and ready to be used, or which has been used, in printing. Dead matter (Print.), type which has been used, or which is not to be used, in printing, and is ready for distribution. -- Live matter (Print.), type set up, but not yet printed from. -- Matter in bar, Matter of fact. See under Bar, and Fact. -- Matter of record, anything recorded. -- Upon the matter, or Upon the whole matter, considering the whole; taking all things into view. Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, upon the whole matter, equal in foot. Clarendon.\n\n1. To be of importance; to import; to signify. It matters not how they were called. Locke. 2. To form pus or matter, as an abscess; to maturate. [R.] \"Each slight sore mattereth.\" Sir P. Sidney.\n\nTo regard as important; to take account of; to care for. [Obs.] He did not matter cold nor hunger. H. Brooke.", "mattes": "1. (Metallurgy) A partly reduced copper sulphide, obtained by alternately roasting and melting copper ore in separating the metal from associated iron ores, and called coarse metal, fine metal, etc., according to the grade of fineness. On the exterior it is dark brown or black, but on a fresh surface is yellow or bronzy in color. 2. A dead or dull finish, as in gilding where the gold leaf is not burnished, or in painting where the surface is purposely deprived of gloss.", - "matthew": null, - "matthews": null, - "matthias": null, - "mattie": null, "matting": "1. The act of interweaving or tangling together so as to make a mat; the process of becoming matted. 2. Mats, in general, or collectively; mat work; a matlike fabric, for use in covering floors, packing articles, and the like; a kind of carpeting made of straw, etc. 3. Materials for mats. 4. An ornamental border. See 3d Mat, 4.\n\nA dull, lusterless surface in certain of the arts, as gilding, metal work, glassmaking, etc.", "mattock": "An implement for digging and grubbing. The head has two long steel blades, one like an adz and the other like a narrow ax or the point of a pickax. 'T is you must dig with mattock and with spade. Shak.", "mattocks": "An implement for digging and grubbing. The head has two long steel blades, one like an adz and the other like a narrow ax or the point of a pickax. 'T is you must dig with mattock and with spade. Shak.", @@ -46915,13 +41010,8 @@ "matzos": null, "matzot": null, "matzoth": "A cake of unleavened bread eaten by the Jews at the feast of the Passover.", - "maud": "A gray plaid; -- used by shepherds in Scotland.", - "maude": null, "maudlin": "1. Tearful; easily moved to tears; exciting to tears; excessively sentimental; weak and silly. \"Maudlin eyes.\" Dryden. \"Maudlin eloquence.\" Roscommon. \"A maudlin poetess.\" Pope. \"Maudlin crowd.\" Southey. 2. Drunk, or somewhat drunk; fuddled; given to drunkenness. Maudlin Clarence in his malmsey butt. Byron.\n\nAn aromatic composite herb, the costmary; also, the South European Achillea Ageratum, a kind of yarrow.", - "maugham": null, - "maui": null, "maul": "A heavy wooden hammer or beetle. [Written also mall.]\n\n1. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudgel; to wound in a coarse manner. Meek modern faith to murder, hack, and maul. Pope. 2. To injure greatly; to do much harm to. It mauls not only the person misrepreseted, but him also to whom he is misrepresented. South.", - "mauldin": null, "mauled": null, "mauler": null, "maulers": null, @@ -46931,23 +41021,6 @@ "maundered": null, "maundering": null, "maunders": "1. To beg. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Beau. & Fl. 2. To mutter; to mumble; to grumble; to speak indistinctly or disconnectedly; to talk incoherently. He was ever maundering by the how that he met a party of scarlet devils. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo utter in a grumbling manner; to mutter.\n\nA beggar. [Obs.]", - "maupassant": null, - "maura": null, - "maureen": null, - "mauriac": null, - "maurice": null, - "mauricio": null, - "maurine": null, - "mauritania": null, - "mauritanian": null, - "mauritanians": null, - "mauritian": null, - "mauritians": null, - "mauritius": null, - "mauro": null, - "maurois": null, - "mauryan": null, - "mauser": null, "mausoleum": "A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral monument.", "mausoleums": "A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral monument.", "mauve": "A color of a delicate purple, violet, or lilac. Mauve aniline (Chem.), a dyestuff produced artificially by the oxidation of commercial aniline, and the first discovered of the so-called coal- tar, or aniline, dyes. It consists of the sulphate of mauveïne, and is a dark brown or bronze amorphous powder, which dissolves to a beatiful purple color. Called also aniline purple, violine, etc.", @@ -46955,7 +41028,6 @@ "mavens": null, "maverick": "In the southwestern part of the united States, a bullock or heifer that has not been branded, and is unclaimed or wild; -- said to be from Maverick, the name of a cattle owner in Texas who naglected to brand his cattle.", "mavericks": "In the southwestern part of the united States, a bullock or heifer that has not been branded, and is unclaimed or wild; -- said to be from Maverick, the name of a cattle owner in Texas who naglected to brand his cattle.", - "mavis": "The European throstle or song thrush (Turdus musicus).", "maw": "A gull.\n\n1. A stomach; the receptacle into which food is taken by swallowing; in birds, the craw; -- now used only of the lower animals, exept humorously or in contempt. Chaucer. Bellies and maws of living creatures. Bacon. 2. Appetite; inclination. [Obs.] Unless you had more maw to do me good. Beau. & Fl. Fish maw. (Zoöl.) See under Fish.\n\nAn old game at cards. Sir A. Weldon.", "mawkish": "1. Apt to cause satiety or loathing; nauseous; disgusting. So sweetly mawkish', and so smoothly dull. Pope. 2. Easily disgusted; squeamish; sentimentally fastidious. J. H. Newman.", "mawkishly": "In a mawkish way.", @@ -46972,7 +41044,6 @@ "maxima": null, "maximal": null, "maximally": null, - "maximilian": "A gold coin of Bavaria, of the value of about 13s. 6d. sterling, or about three dollars and a quarter.", "maximization": "The act or process of increasing to the highest degree. Bentham.", "maximize": "To increase to the highest degree. Bentham.", "maximized": null, @@ -46981,27 +41052,18 @@ "maxims": "1. An established principle or proposition; a condensed proposition of important practical truth; an axiom of practical wisdom; an adage; a proverb; an aphorism. 'T is their maxim, Love is love's reward. Dryden. 2. (Mus.) The longest note formerly used, equal to two longs, or four breves; a large. Syn. -- Axiom; aphorism; apothegm; adage; proverb; saying. See Axiom.", "maximum": "The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to Ant: minimum. Good legislation is the art of conducting a nation to the maximum of happiness, and the minimum of misery. P. Colquhoun. Maximum thermometer, a thermometer that registers the highest degree of temperature attained in a given time, or since its last adjustment.\n\nGreatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure; maximum heat.", "maximums": "The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to Ant: minimum. Good legislation is the art of conducting a nation to the maximum of happiness, and the minimum of misery. P. Colquhoun. Maximum thermometer, a thermometer that registers the highest degree of temperature attained in a given time, or since its last adjustment.\n\nGreatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure; maximum heat.", - "maxine": null, "maxing": null, "maxis": null, - "maxwell": null, "may": "An auxiliary verb qualifyng the meaning of another verb, by expressing: (a) Ability, competency, or possibility; -- now oftener expressed by can. How may a man, said he, with idle speech, Be won to spoil the castle of his health ! Spenser. For what he [the king] may do is of two kinds; what he may do as just, and what he may do as possible. Bacon. For of all sad words of tongue or pen The saddest are these: \"It might have been.\" Whittier. (b) Liberty; permission; allowance. Thou mayst be no longer steward. Luke xvi. 2. (c) Contingency or liability; possibility or probability. Though what he learns he speaks, and may advance Some general maxims, or be right by chance. Pope. (d) Modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to soften a question or remark. How old may Phillis be, you ask. Prior. (e) Desire or wish, as in prayer, imprecation, benediction, and the like. \"May you live happily.\" Dryden. May be, and It may be, are used as equivalent to possibly, perhaps, by chance, peradventure. See 1st Maybe.\n\nA maiden. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The fifth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Chaucer. 2. The early part or springtime of life. His May of youth, and bloom of lustihood. Shak. 3. (Bot.) The flowers of the hawthorn; -- so called from their time of blossoming; also, the hawthorn. The palm and may make country houses gay. Nash. Plumes that micked the may. Tennyson. 4. The merrymaking of May Day. Tennyson. Italian may (Bot.), a shrubby species of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia) with many clusters of small white flowers along the slender branches. -- May apple (Bot.), the fruit of an American plant (Podophyllum peltatum). Also, the plant itself (popularly called mandrake), which has two lobed leaves, and bears a single egg-shaped fruit at the forking. The root and leaves, used in medicine, are powerfully drastic. -- May beetle, May bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of large lamellicorn beetles that appear in the winged state in May. They belong to Melolontha, and allied genera. Called also June beetle. -- May Day, the first day of May; -- celebrated in the rustic parts of England by the crowning of a May queen with a garland, and by dancing about a May pole. -- May dew, the morning dew of the first day of May, to which magical properties were attributed. -- May flower (Bot.), a plant that flowers in May; also, its blossom. See Mayflower, in the vocabulary. -- May fly (Zoöl.), any species of Ephemera, and allied genera; -- so called because the mature flies of many species appear in May. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral. -- May game, any May-day sport. -- May lady, the queen or lady of May, in old May games. -- May lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). -- May pole. See Maypole in the Vocabulary. -- May queen, a girl or young woman crowned queen in the sports of May Day. -- May thorn, the hawthorn.", - "maya": "The name for the doctrine of the unreality of matter, called, in English, idealism; hence, nothingness; vanity; illusion.", - "mayan": "1. Designating, or pertaining to, an American Indian linguistic stock occupying the Mexican States of Veracruz, Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatan, together with a part of Guatemala and a part of Salvador. The Mayan peoples are dark, short, and brachycephallic, and at the time of the discovery had attained a higher grade of culture than any other American people. They cultivated a variety of crops, were expert in the manufacture and dyeing of cotton fabrics, used cacao as a medium of exchange, and were workers of gold, silver, and copper. Their architecture comprised elaborately carved temples and places, and they possessed a superior calendar, and a developed system of hieroglyphic writing, with records said to go back to about 700 a. d. 2. Of or pertaining to the Mayas.", - "mayans": "1. Designating, or pertaining to, an American Indian linguistic stock occupying the Mexican States of Veracruz, Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatan, together with a part of Guatemala and a part of Salvador. The Mayan peoples are dark, short, and brachycephallic, and at the time of the discovery had attained a higher grade of culture than any other American people. They cultivated a variety of crops, were expert in the manufacture and dyeing of cotton fabrics, used cacao as a medium of exchange, and were workers of gold, silver, and copper. Their architecture comprised elaborately carved temples and places, and they possessed a superior calendar, and a developed system of hieroglyphic writing, with records said to go back to about 700 a. d. 2. Of or pertaining to the Mayas.", - "mayas": "The name for the doctrine of the unreality of matter, called, in English, idealism; hence, nothingness; vanity; illusion.", "maybe": "Perhaps; possibly; peradventure. Maybe the amorous count solicits her. Shak. In a liberal and, maybe, somewhat reckless way. Tylor.\n\nPossible; probable, but not sure. [R.] Then add those maybe years thou hast to live. Driden.\n\nPossibility; uncertainty. [R.] What they offer is mere maybe and shift. Creech.", "maybes": "Perhaps; possibly; peradventure. Maybe the amorous count solicits her. Shak. In a liberal and, maybe, somewhat reckless way. Tylor.\n\nPossible; probable, but not sure. [R.] Then add those maybe years thou hast to live. Driden.\n\nPossibility; uncertainty. [R.] What they offer is mere maybe and shift. Creech.", "mayday": null, "maydays": null, - "mayer": null, - "mayfair": null, "mayflies": null, "mayflower": "In England, the hawthorn; in New England, the trailing arbutus (see Arbutus); also, the blossom of these plants.", "mayflowers": "In England, the hawthorn; in New England, the trailing arbutus (see Arbutus); also, the blossom of these plants.", "mayfly": null, "mayhem": "The maiming of a person by depriving him of the use of any of his members which are necessary for defense or protection. See Maim.", - "maynard": null, "mayo": null, "mayonnaise": "A sauce compounded of raw yolks of eggs beaten up with olive oil to the consistency of a sirup, and seasoned with vinegar, pepper, salt, etc.; -- used in dressing salads, fish, etc. Also, a dish dressed with this sauce.", "mayor": "The chief magistrate of a city or borough; the chief officer of a municipal corporation. In some American cities there is a city court of which the major is chief judge.", @@ -47012,88 +41074,18 @@ "mayors": "The chief magistrate of a city or borough; the chief officer of a municipal corporation. In some American cities there is a city court of which the major is chief judge.", "maypole": "A tall pole erected in an open place and wreathed with flowers, about which the rustic May-day sports were had.", "maypoles": "A tall pole erected in an open place and wreathed with flowers, about which the rustic May-day sports were had.", - "mayra": null, - "mays": "An auxiliary verb qualifyng the meaning of another verb, by expressing: (a) Ability, competency, or possibility; -- now oftener expressed by can. How may a man, said he, with idle speech, Be won to spoil the castle of his health ! Spenser. For what he [the king] may do is of two kinds; what he may do as just, and what he may do as possible. Bacon. For of all sad words of tongue or pen The saddest are these: \"It might have been.\" Whittier. (b) Liberty; permission; allowance. Thou mayst be no longer steward. Luke xvi. 2. (c) Contingency or liability; possibility or probability. Though what he learns he speaks, and may advance Some general maxims, or be right by chance. Pope. (d) Modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to soften a question or remark. How old may Phillis be, you ask. Prior. (e) Desire or wish, as in prayer, imprecation, benediction, and the like. \"May you live happily.\" Dryden. May be, and It may be, are used as equivalent to possibly, perhaps, by chance, peradventure. See 1st Maybe.\n\nA maiden. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The fifth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. Chaucer. 2. The early part or springtime of life. His May of youth, and bloom of lustihood. Shak. 3. (Bot.) The flowers of the hawthorn; -- so called from their time of blossoming; also, the hawthorn. The palm and may make country houses gay. Nash. Plumes that micked the may. Tennyson. 4. The merrymaking of May Day. Tennyson. Italian may (Bot.), a shrubby species of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia) with many clusters of small white flowers along the slender branches. -- May apple (Bot.), the fruit of an American plant (Podophyllum peltatum). Also, the plant itself (popularly called mandrake), which has two lobed leaves, and bears a single egg-shaped fruit at the forking. The root and leaves, used in medicine, are powerfully drastic. -- May beetle, May bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of large lamellicorn beetles that appear in the winged state in May. They belong to Melolontha, and allied genera. Called also June beetle. -- May Day, the first day of May; -- celebrated in the rustic parts of England by the crowning of a May queen with a garland, and by dancing about a May pole. -- May dew, the morning dew of the first day of May, to which magical properties were attributed. -- May flower (Bot.), a plant that flowers in May; also, its blossom. See Mayflower, in the vocabulary. -- May fly (Zoöl.), any species of Ephemera, and allied genera; -- so called because the mature flies of many species appear in May. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral. -- May game, any May-day sport. -- May lady, the queen or lady of May, in old May games. -- May lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). -- May pole. See Maypole in the Vocabulary. -- May queen, a girl or young woman crowned queen in the sports of May Day. -- May thorn, the hawthorn.", "mayst": null, - "maytag": null, - "mazama": "A goatlike antelope (Haplocerus montanus) which inhabits the Rocky Mountains, frequenting the highest parts; -- called also mountain goat.", - "mazarin": null, - "mazatlan": null, - "mazda": null, "maze": "1. A wild fancy; a confused notion. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Confusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty; state of bewilderment. 3. A confusing and baffling network, as of paths or passages; an intricacy; a labyrinth. \"Quaint mazes on the wanton green.\" Shak. Or down the tempting maze of Shawford brook. Wordaworth. The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled with mazes, and perplexed with error. Addison. Syn. -- Labyrinth; intricacy. See Labyrinth.\n\nTo perplex greatly; to bewilder; to astonish and confuse; to amaze. South.\n\nTo be bewildered. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "mazes": "1. A wild fancy; a confused notion. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Confusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty; state of bewilderment. 3. A confusing and baffling network, as of paths or passages; an intricacy; a labyrinth. \"Quaint mazes on the wanton green.\" Shak. Or down the tempting maze of Shawford brook. Wordaworth. The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled with mazes, and perplexed with error. Addison. Syn. -- Labyrinth; intricacy. See Labyrinth.\n\nTo perplex greatly; to bewilder; to astonish and confuse; to amaze. South.\n\nTo be bewildered. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "mazola": null, "mazurka": "A Polish dance, or the music which accompanies it, usually in 3-4 or 3-8 measure, with a strong accent on the second beat.", "mazurkas": "A Polish dance, or the music which accompanies it, usually in 3-4 or 3-8 measure, with a strong accent on the second beat.", - "mazzini": null, - "mb": null, - "mba": null, - "mbabane": null, - "mbini": null, - "mc": null, - "mcadam": null, - "mcallen": null, - "mcbride": null, - "mccain": null, - "mccall": null, - "mccarthy": null, - "mccarthyism": null, - "mccartney": null, - "mccarty": null, - "mcclain": null, - "mcclellan": null, - "mcclure": null, - "mcconnell": null, - "mccormick": null, - "mccoy": null, - "mccray": null, - "mccullough": null, - "mcdaniel": null, - "mcdonald": null, - "mcdonnell": null, - "mcdowell": null, - "mcenroe": null, - "mcfadden": null, - "mcfarland": null, - "mcgee": null, - "mcgovern": null, - "mcgowan": null, - "mcguffey": null, - "mcguire": null, - "mchenry": null, - "mci": null, - "mcintosh": null, - "mcintyre": null, - "mcjob": null, - "mckay": null, - "mckee": null, - "mckenzie": null, - "mckinley": null, - "mckinney": null, - "mcknight": null, - "mclaughlin": null, - "mclean": null, - "mcleod": null, - "mcluhan": null, - "mcmahon": null, - "mcmillan": null, - "mcnamara": null, - "mcnaughton": null, - "mcneil": null, - "mcpherson": null, - "mcqueen": null, - "mcveigh": null, - "md": null, "mdse": null, - "mdt": null, "me": "One. See Men, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe person speaking, regarded as an object; myself; a pronoun of the first person used as the objective and dative case of the pronoum I; as, he struck me; he gave me the money, or he gave the money to me; he got me a hat, or he got a hat for me. Note: In methinks, me is properly in the dative case, and the verb is impersonal, the construction being, it appears to me. In early use me was often placed before forms of the verb to be with an adjective; as, me were lief. Me rather had my heart might frrl your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak.", "mead": "1. A fermented drink made of water and honey with malt, yeast, etc.; metheglin; hydromel. Chaucer. 2. A drink composed of sirup of sarsaparilla or other flavoring extract, and water. It is sometimes charged with carbonic acid gas. [U. S.]\n\nA meadow. A mede All full of freshe flowers, white and reede. Chaucer. To fertile vales and dewy meads My weary, wandering steps he leads. Addison.", - "meade": null, "meadow": "1. A tract of low or level land producing grass which is mown for hay; any field on which grass is grown for hay. 2. Low land covered with coarse grass or rank herbage near rives and in marshy places by the sea; as, the salt meadows near Newark Bay.\n\nOf or pertaining to a meadow; of the nature of a meadow; produced, growing, or living in, a meadow. \"Fat meadow ground.\" Milton. Note: For many names of plants compounded with meadow, see the particular word in the Vocabulary. Meadow beauty. (Bot.) Same as Deergrass. -- Meadow foxtail (Bot.), a valuable pasture grass (Alopecurus pratensis) resembling timothy, but with softer spikes. -- Meadow grass (Bot.), a name given to several grasses of the genus Poa, common in meadows, and of great value for nay and for pasture. See Grass. -- Meadow hay, a coarse grass, or true sedge, growing in uncultivated swamp or river meadow; -- used as fodder or bedding for cattle, packing for ice, etc. [Local, U. S.] -- Meadow hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The American bittern. See Stake-driver. (b) The American coot (Fulica). (c) The clapper rail. -- Meadow lark (Zoöl.), any species of Sturnella, a genus of American birds allied to the starlings. The common species (S. magna) has a yellow breast with a black crescent. -- Meadow mouse (Zoöl.), any mouse of the genus Arvicola, as the common American species A. riparia; -- called also field mouse, and field vole. -- Meadow mussel (Zoöl.), an American ribbed mussel (Modiola plicatula), very abundant in salt marshes. -- Meadow ore (Min.), bog-iron ore , a kind of limonite. -- Meadow parsnip. (Bot.) See under Parsnip. -- Meadow pink. (Bot.) See under Pink. -- Meadow pipit (Zoöl.), a small singing bird of the genus Anthus, as A. pratensis, of Europe. -- Meadow rue (Bot.), a delicate early plant, of the genus Thalictrum, having compound leaves and numerous white flowers. There are many species. -- Meadow saffron. (Bot.) See under Saffron. -- Meadow sage. (Bot.) See under Sage. -- Meadow saxifrage (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant of Europe (Silaus pratensis), somewhat resembling fennel. -- Meadow snipe (Zoöl.), the common or jack snipe.", "meadowlark": null, "meadowlarks": null, "meadows": "1. A tract of low or level land producing grass which is mown for hay; any field on which grass is grown for hay. 2. Low land covered with coarse grass or rank herbage near rives and in marshy places by the sea; as, the salt meadows near Newark Bay.\n\nOf or pertaining to a meadow; of the nature of a meadow; produced, growing, or living in, a meadow. \"Fat meadow ground.\" Milton. Note: For many names of plants compounded with meadow, see the particular word in the Vocabulary. Meadow beauty. (Bot.) Same as Deergrass. -- Meadow foxtail (Bot.), a valuable pasture grass (Alopecurus pratensis) resembling timothy, but with softer spikes. -- Meadow grass (Bot.), a name given to several grasses of the genus Poa, common in meadows, and of great value for nay and for pasture. See Grass. -- Meadow hay, a coarse grass, or true sedge, growing in uncultivated swamp or river meadow; -- used as fodder or bedding for cattle, packing for ice, etc. [Local, U. S.] -- Meadow hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The American bittern. See Stake-driver. (b) The American coot (Fulica). (c) The clapper rail. -- Meadow lark (Zoöl.), any species of Sturnella, a genus of American birds allied to the starlings. The common species (S. magna) has a yellow breast with a black crescent. -- Meadow mouse (Zoöl.), any mouse of the genus Arvicola, as the common American species A. riparia; -- called also field mouse, and field vole. -- Meadow mussel (Zoöl.), an American ribbed mussel (Modiola plicatula), very abundant in salt marshes. -- Meadow ore (Min.), bog-iron ore , a kind of limonite. -- Meadow parsnip. (Bot.) See under Parsnip. -- Meadow pink. (Bot.) See under Pink. -- Meadow pipit (Zoöl.), a small singing bird of the genus Anthus, as A. pratensis, of Europe. -- Meadow rue (Bot.), a delicate early plant, of the genus Thalictrum, having compound leaves and numerous white flowers. There are many species. -- Meadow saffron. (Bot.) See under Saffron. -- Meadow sage. (Bot.) See under Sage. -- Meadow saxifrage (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant of Europe (Silaus pratensis), somewhat resembling fennel. -- Meadow snipe (Zoöl.), the common or jack snipe.", - "meagan": null, "meager": "1. Destitue of, or having little, flesh; lean. Meager were his looks; Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. Shak. 2. Destitute of richness, fertility, strength, or the like; defective in quantity, or poor in quality; poor; barren; scanty in ideas; wanting strength of diction or affluence of imagery. \"Meager soil.\" Dryden. Of secular habits and meager religious belief. I. Taylor. His education had been but meager. Motley. 3. (Min.) Dry and harsh to the touch, as chalk. Syn. -- Thin; lean; lank; gaunt; starved; hungry; poor; emaciated; scanty; barren.\n\nTo make lean. [Obs.]", "meagerly": "Poorly; thinly.", "meagerness": "The state or quality of being meager; leanness; scantiness; barrenness.", @@ -47183,7 +41175,6 @@ "medallion": "1. A large medal or memorial coin. 2. A circular or oval (or, sometimes, square) tablet bearing a figure or figures represented in relief.", "medallions": "1. A large medal or memorial coin. 2. A circular or oval (or, sometimes, square) tablet bearing a figure or figures represented in relief.", "medals": "A piece of metal in the form of a coin, struck with a device, and intended to preserve the remembrance of a notable event or an illustrious person, or to serve as a reward.\n\nTo honor or reward with a medal. \"Medaled by the king.\" Thackeray.", - "medan": null, "meddle": "1. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.] More to know Did never meddle with my thoughts. Shak. 2. To interest or engage one's self; to have to do; -- [Obs.] Barrow. Study to be quiet, and to meddle with your own business. Tyndale. 3. To interest or engage one's self unnecessarily or impertinently, to interfere or busy one's self improperly with another's affairs; specifically, to handle or distrub another's property without permission; -- often followed by with or in. Why shouldst thou meddle to thy hurt 2 Kings xiv. 10. The civil lawyers . . . have meddled in a matter that belongs not to them. Locke. To meddle and make, to intrude one's self into another person's concerns. [Archaic] Shak. Syn. -- To interpose; interfere; intermeddle.\n\nTo mix; to mingle. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"Wine meddled with gall.\" Wyclif (Matt. xxvii. 34).", "meddled": null, "meddler": "One who meddles; one who interferes or busies himself with things in which he has no concern; an officious person; a busybody.", @@ -47191,9 +41182,6 @@ "meddles": "1. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.] More to know Did never meddle with my thoughts. Shak. 2. To interest or engage one's self; to have to do; -- [Obs.] Barrow. Study to be quiet, and to meddle with your own business. Tyndale. 3. To interest or engage one's self unnecessarily or impertinently, to interfere or busy one's self improperly with another's affairs; specifically, to handle or distrub another's property without permission; -- often followed by with or in. Why shouldst thou meddle to thy hurt 2 Kings xiv. 10. The civil lawyers . . . have meddled in a matter that belongs not to them. Locke. To meddle and make, to intrude one's self into another person's concerns. [Archaic] Shak. Syn. -- To interpose; interfere; intermeddle.\n\nTo mix; to mingle. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"Wine meddled with gall.\" Wyclif (Matt. xxvii. 34).", "meddlesome": "Given to meddling; apt to interpose in the affairs of others; officiously intrusive. -- Med\"dle*some*ness, n.", "meddling": "Meddlesome. Macaulay.", - "medea": null, - "medellin": null, - "medford": null, "media": "pl. of Medium.\n\nOne of the sonant mutes b, d, g (b, d, g), in Greek, or of their equivalents in other languages, so named as intermediate between the tenues, p, t, k (p, t, k), and the aspiratæ (aspirates) f, th, x (ph or f, th, ch). Also called middle mute, or medial, and sometimes soft mute.", "medial": "Of or pertaining to a mean or average; mean; as, medial alligation.\n\nSee 2d Media.", "medially": null, @@ -47209,20 +41197,17 @@ "mediators": "One who mediates; especially, one who interposes between parties at variance for the purpose of reconciling them; hence, an intercessor. For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus. 1 Tim. ii. 5.", "medic": "A leguminous plant of the genus Medicago. The black medic is the Medicago lupulina; the purple medic, or lucern, is M. sativa.\n\nMedical. [R.]", "medicaid": null, - "medicaids": null, "medical": "1. Of, pertaining to, or having to do with, the art of healing disease, or the science of medicine; as, the medical profession; medical services; a medical dictionary; medical jurisprudence. 2. Containing medicine; used in medicine; medicinal; as, the medical properties of a plant.", "medically": "In a medical manner; with reference to healing, or to the principles of the healing art.", "medicals": "1. Of, pertaining to, or having to do with, the art of healing disease, or the science of medicine; as, the medical profession; medical services; a medical dictionary; medical jurisprudence. 2. Containing medicine; used in medicine; medicinal; as, the medical properties of a plant.", "medicament": "Anything used for healing diseases or wounds; a medicine; a healing application.", "medicare": null, - "medicares": null, "medicate": "1. To tincture or impregnate with anything medicinal; to drug. \"Medicated waters.\" Arbuthnot. 2. To treat with medicine.", "medicated": null, "medicates": "1. To tincture or impregnate with anything medicinal; to drug. \"Medicated waters.\" Arbuthnot. 2. To treat with medicine.", "medicating": null, "medication": "The act or process of medicating.", "medications": "The act or process of medicating.", - "medici": null, "medicinal": "1. Having curative or palliative properties; used for the cure or alleviation of bodily disorders; as, medicinal tinctures, plants, or springs. Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees Their medicinal gum. Shak. 2. Of or pertaining to medicine; medical.", "medicinally": "In a medicinal manner.", "medicine": "1. The science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease. 2. Any substance administered in the treatment of disease; a remedial agent; a remedy; physic. By medicine, life may be prolonged. Shak. 3. A philter or love potion. [Obs.] Shak. 4. Etym: [F. médecin.] A physician. [Obs.] Shak. Medicine bag, a charm; -- so called among the North American Indians, or in works relating to them. -- Medicine man (among the North American Indians), a person who professes to cure sickness, drive away evil spirits, and regulate the weather by the arts of magic. -- Medicine seal, a small gem or paste engraved with reversed characters, to serve as a seal. Such seals were used by Roman physicians to stamp the names of their medicines.\n\nTo give medicine to; to affect as a medicine does; to remedy; to cure. \"Medicine thee to that sweet sleep.\" Shak.", @@ -47233,7 +41218,6 @@ "medieval": "Same as Medi, Medi, etc.", "medievalist": "Same as Medi, Medi, etc.", "medievalists": "Same as Medi, Medi, etc.", - "medina": null, "mediocre": "Of a middle quality; of but a moderate or low degree of excellence; indifferent; ordinary. \" A very mediocre poet.\" Pope.\n\n1. A mediocre person. [R.] 2. A young monk who was excused from performing a portion of a monk's duties. Shipley.", "mediocrities": null, "mediocrity": "1. The quality of being mediocre; a middle state or degree; a moderate degree or rate. \"A mediocrity of success.\" Bacon. 2. Moderation; temperance. [Obs.] Hooker.", @@ -47245,8 +41229,6 @@ "meditations": "1. The act of meditating; close or continued thought; the turning or revolving of a subject in the mind; serious contemplation; reflection; musing. Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in thy sight. Ps. xix. 14. 2. Thought; -- without regard to kind. [Obs.] With wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love. Shak.", "meditative": "Disposed to meditate, or to meditation; as, a meditative man; a meditative mood. -- Med\"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Med\"i*ta*tive*ness, n.", "meditatively": null, - "mediterranean": "1. Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, with land; as, the Mediterranean Sea, between Europe and Africa. 2. Inland; remote from the ocean. [Obs.] Cities, as well mediterranean as maritime. Holland. 3. Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea; as, Mediterranean trade; a Mediterranean voyage.", - "mediterraneans": "1. Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, with land; as, the Mediterranean Sea, between Europe and Africa. 2. Inland; remote from the ocean. [Obs.] Cities, as well mediterranean as maritime. Holland. 3. Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea; as, Mediterranean trade; a Mediterranean voyage.", "medium": "1. That which lies in the middle, or between other things; intervening body or quantity. Hence, specifically: (a) Middle place or degree; mean. The just medium . . . lies between pride and abjection. L'Estrange. (b) (Math.) See Mean. (c) (Logic) The mean or middle term of a syllogism; that by which the extremes are brought into connection. 2. A substance through which an effect is transmitted from one thing to another; as, air is the common medium of sound. Hence: The condition upon which any event or action occurs; necessary means of motion or action; that through or by which anything is accomplished, conveyed, or carried on; specifically, in animal magnetism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being is said to be manifested and transmitted. Whether any other liquors, being made mediums, cause a diversity of sound from water, it may be tried. Bacon. I must bring together All these extremes; and must remove all mediums. Denham. 3. An average. [R.] A medium of six years of war, and six years of peace. Burke. 4. A trade name for printing and writing paper of certain sizes. See Paper. 5. (Paint.) The liquid vehicle with which dry colors are ground and prepared for application. Circulating medium, a current medium of exchange, whether coin, bank notes, or government notes. -- Ethereal medium (Physics), the ether. -- Medium of exchange, that which is used for effecting an exchange of commodities -- money or current representatives of money.\n\nHaving a middle position or degree; mean; intermediate; medial; as, a horse of medium size; a decoction of medium strength.", "mediums": "1. That which lies in the middle, or between other things; intervening body or quantity. Hence, specifically: (a) Middle place or degree; mean. The just medium . . . lies between pride and abjection. L'Estrange. (b) (Math.) See Mean. (c) (Logic) The mean or middle term of a syllogism; that by which the extremes are brought into connection. 2. A substance through which an effect is transmitted from one thing to another; as, air is the common medium of sound. Hence: The condition upon which any event or action occurs; necessary means of motion or action; that through or by which anything is accomplished, conveyed, or carried on; specifically, in animal magnetism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being is said to be manifested and transmitted. Whether any other liquors, being made mediums, cause a diversity of sound from water, it may be tried. Bacon. I must bring together All these extremes; and must remove all mediums. Denham. 3. An average. [R.] A medium of six years of war, and six years of peace. Burke. 4. A trade name for printing and writing paper of certain sizes. See Paper. 5. (Paint.) The liquid vehicle with which dry colors are ground and prepared for application. Circulating medium, a current medium of exchange, whether coin, bank notes, or government notes. -- Ethereal medium (Physics), the ether. -- Medium of exchange, that which is used for effecting an exchange of commodities -- money or current representatives of money.\n\nHaving a middle position or degree; mean; intermediate; medial; as, a horse of medium size; a decoction of medium strength.", "medley": "1. A mixture; a mingled and confused mass of ingredients, usually inharmonious; a jumble; a hodgepodge; -- often used contemptuously. This medley of philosophy and war. Addison. Love is a medley of endearments, jars, Suspicions, reconcilements, wars. W. Walsh. 2. The confusion of a hand to hand battle; a brisk, hand to hand engagement; a mêlée. [Obs.] Holland. 3. (Mus.) A composition of passages detached from several different compositions; a potpourri. Note: Medley is usually applied to vocal, potpourri to instrumental, compositions. 4. A cloth of mixed colors. Fuller.\n\n1. Mixed; of mixed material or color. [Obs.] \"A medlè coat.\" Chaucer. 2. Mingled; confused. Dryden.", @@ -47299,7 +41281,6 @@ "megalopolises": null, "megameter": "1. An instrument for determining longitude by observation of the stars. 2. A micrometer. [R.] Knight.\n\nIn the metric system, one million meters, or one thousand kilometers.", "megameters": "1. An instrument for determining longitude by observation of the stars. 2. A micrometer. [R.] Knight.\n\nIn the metric system, one million meters, or one thousand kilometers.", - "megan": null, "megapascal": null, "megapascals": null, "megaphone": "A device to magnify sound, or direct it in a given direction in a greater volume, as a very large funnel used as an ear trumpet or as a speaking trumpet.", @@ -47314,58 +41295,35 @@ "megatons": null, "megawatt": null, "megawatts": null, - "meghan": null, - "mego": null, - "megos": null, "megs": null, "meh": null, - "meier": null, - "meighen": null, - "meiji": null, "meiosis": "Diminution; a species of hyperbole, representing a thing as being less than it really is.", "meiotic": null, - "meir": null, - "mejia": null, - "mekong": null, - "mel": null, "melamine": "A strong nitrogenous base, C3H6N6, produced from several cyanogen compounds, and obtained as a white crystalline substance, -- formerly supposed to be produced by the decomposition of melam. Called also cyanuramide.", "melancholia": "A kind of mental unsoundness characterized by extreme depression of spirits, ill-grounded fears, delusions, and brooding over one particular subject or train of ideas.", "melancholic": "Given to melancholy; depressed; melancholy; dejected; unhappy. Just as the melancholic eye Sees fleets and armies in the sky. Prior.\n\n1. One affected with a gloomy state of mind. J. Spenser. 2. A gloomy state of mind; melancholy. Clarendon.", "melancholics": "Given to melancholy; depressed; melancholy; dejected; unhappy. Just as the melancholic eye Sees fleets and armies in the sky. Prior.\n\n1. One affected with a gloomy state of mind. J. Spenser. 2. A gloomy state of mind; melancholy. Clarendon.", "melancholy": "1. Depression of spirits; a gloomy state continuing a considerable time; deep dejection; gloominess. Shak. 2. Great and continued depression of spirits, amounting to mental unsoundness; melancholia. 3. Pensive maditation; serious thoughtfulness. [Obs.] \"Hail, divinest Melancholy !\" Milton. 4. Ill nature. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Depressed in spirits; dejected; gloomy dismal. Shak. 2. Producing great evil and grief; causing dejection; calamitous; afflictive; as, a melancholy event. 3. Somewhat deranged in mind; having the jugment impaired. [Obs.] Bp. Reynolds. 4. Favorable to meditation; somber. A pretty, melancholy seat, well wooded and watered. Evelin. Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; dispirited; low-spirited; downhearted; unhappy; hypochondriac; disconsolate; heavy, doleful; dismal; calamitous; afflictive.", - "melanesia": null, - "melanesian": "Of or pertaining to Melanesia.", "melange": "A mixture; a medley.", "melanges": "A mixture; a medley.", - "melanie": null, "melanin": "A black pigment found in the pigment-bearing cells of the skin (particularly in the skin of the negro), in the epithelial cells of the external layer of the retina (then called fuscin), in the outer layer of the choroid, and elsewhere. It is supposed to be derived from the decomposition of hemoglobin.", "melanoma": "(a) A tumor containing dark pigment. (b) Development of dark-pigmented tumors.", "melanomas": "(a) A tumor containing dark pigment. (b) Development of dark-pigmented tumors.", - "melba": null, - "melbourne": null, - "melchior": null, - "melchizedek": null, "meld": "In the game of pinochle, to declare or announce for a score; as, to meld a sequence.\n\nAny combination or score which may be declared, or melded, in pinochle.", "melded": null, "melding": null, "melds": "In the game of pinochle, to declare or announce for a score; as, to meld a sequence.\n\nAny combination or score which may be declared, or melded, in pinochle.", "melee": "A fight in which the combatants are mingled", "melees": "A fight in which the combatants are mingled", - "melendez": null, - "melinda": null, "meliorate": "To make better; to improve; to ameliorate; to soften; to make more tolerable. Nature by art we nobly meliorate. Denham. The pure and bening light of revelation has had a meliorating influence on mankind. Washington.\n\nTo grow better.", "meliorated": null, "meliorates": "To make better; to improve; to ameliorate; to soften; to make more tolerable. Nature by art we nobly meliorate. Denham. The pure and bening light of revelation has had a meliorating influence on mankind. Washington.\n\nTo grow better.", "meliorating": null, "melioration": "The act or operation of meliorating, or the state of being meliorated; improvement. Bacon.", "meliorative": null, - "melisa": null, - "melisande": null, - "melissa": "A genus of labiate herbs, including the balm, or bee balm (Melissa officinalis).", "mellifluous": "Flowing as with honey; smooth; flowing sweetly or smoothly; as, a mellifluous voice. -- Mel*lif\"lu*ous*ly, adv.", "mellifluously": null, "mellifluousness": null, - "mellon": null, "mellow": "1. Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp; as, a mellow apple. 2. Hence: (a) Easily worked or penetrated; not hard or rigid; as, a mellow soil. \"Mellow glebe.\" Drayton (b) Not coarse, rough, or harsh; subdued; soft; rich; delicate; -- said of sound, color, flavor, style, etc. \"The mellow horn.\" Wordsworth. \"The mellow-tasted Burgundy.\" Thomson. The tender flush whose mellow stain imbues Heaven with all freaks of light. Percival. 3. Well matured; softened by years; genial; jovial. May health return to mellow age. Wordsworth. As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever followed a hound. W. Irving. 4. Warmed by liquor; slightly intoxicated. Addison.\n\nTo make mellow. Shak. If the Weather prove frosty to mellow it [the ground], they do not plow it again till April. Mortimer. The fervor of early feeling is tempered and mellowed by the ripeness of age. J. C. Shairp.\n\nTo become mellow; as, ripe fruit soon mellows. \"Prosperity begins to mellow.\" Shak.", "mellowed": null, "mellower": null, @@ -47388,17 +41346,12 @@ "melody": "1. A sweet or agreeable succession of sounds. Lulled with sound of sweetest melody. Shak. 2. (Mus.) A rhythmical succession of single tones, ranging for the most part within a given key, and so related together as to form a musical whole, having the unity of what is technically called a musical thought, at once pleasing to the ear and characteristic in expression. Note: Melody consists in a succession of single tones; harmony is a consonance or agreement of tones, also a succession of consonant musical combinations or chords. 3. The air or tune of a musical piece. Syn. -- See Harmony.", "melon": "1. (Bot.) The juicy fruit of certain cucurbitaceous plants, as the muskmelon, watermelon, and citron melon; also, the plant that produces the fruit. 2. (Zoöl.) A large, ornamental, marine, univalve shell of the genus Melo. Melon beetle (Zoöl.), a small leaf beetle (Diabrotiea vittata), which damages the leaves of melon vines. -- Melon cactus, Melon thistle. (a) (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants (Melocactus) having a fleshy and usually globose stem with the surface divided into spiny longitudinal ridges, and bearing at the top a prickly and woolly crown in which the small pink flowers are half concealed. M. communis, from the West Indies, is often cultivated, and sometimes called Turk's cap. (b) The related genus Mamillaria, in which the stem is tubercled rather than ribbed, and the flowers sometimes large. See Illust. under Cactus.", "melons": "1. (Bot.) The juicy fruit of certain cucurbitaceous plants, as the muskmelon, watermelon, and citron melon; also, the plant that produces the fruit. 2. (Zoöl.) A large, ornamental, marine, univalve shell of the genus Melo. Melon beetle (Zoöl.), a small leaf beetle (Diabrotiea vittata), which damages the leaves of melon vines. -- Melon cactus, Melon thistle. (a) (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants (Melocactus) having a fleshy and usually globose stem with the surface divided into spiny longitudinal ridges, and bearing at the top a prickly and woolly crown in which the small pink flowers are half concealed. M. communis, from the West Indies, is often cultivated, and sometimes called Turk's cap. (b) The related genus Mamillaria, in which the stem is tubercled rather than ribbed, and the flowers sometimes large. See Illust. under Cactus.", - "melpomene": "1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse of tragedy. 2. (Astron.) The eighteenth asteroid.", "melt": "See 2d Milt.\n\n1. To reduce from a solid to a liquid state, as by heat; to liquefy; as, to mell wax, tallow, or lead; to melt ice or snow. 2. Hence: To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax; to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken. Thou would'st have . . . melted down thy youth. Shak. For pity melts the mind to love. Dryden. Syn. -- To liquefy; fuse; thaw; mollify; soften.\n\n1. To be changed from a solid to a liquid state under the influence of heat; as, butter and wax melt at moderate temperatures. 2. To dissolve; as, sugar melts in the mouth. 3. Hence: To be softened; to become tender, mild, or gentle; also, to be weakened or subdued, as by fear. My soul melteth for heaviness. Ps. cxix. 28. Melting with tenderness and kind compassion. Shak. 4. To lose distinct form or outline; to blend. The soft, green, rounded hills, with their flowing outlines, overlapping and melting into each other. J. C. Shairp. 5. To disappear by being dispersed or dissipated; as, the fog melts away. Shak.", "meltdown": null, "meltdowns": null, "melted": null, "melting": "Liquefaction; the act of causing (something) to melt, or the process of becoming melted. Melting point (Chem.), the degree of temperature at which a solid substance melts or fuses; as, the melting point of ice is 0º Centigrade or 32º Fahr., that of urea is 132º Centigrade. -- Melting pot, a vessel in which anything is melted; a crucible.\n\nCausing to melt; becoming melted; -- used literally or figuratively; as, a melting heat; a melting appeal; a melting mood. -- Melt\"ing*ly, adv.", - "melton": "A kind of stout woolen cloth with unfinished face and without raised nap. A commoner variety has a cotton warp.", "melts": "See 2d Milt.\n\n1. To reduce from a solid to a liquid state, as by heat; to liquefy; as, to mell wax, tallow, or lead; to melt ice or snow. 2. Hence: To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax; to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken. Thou would'st have . . . melted down thy youth. Shak. For pity melts the mind to love. Dryden. Syn. -- To liquefy; fuse; thaw; mollify; soften.\n\n1. To be changed from a solid to a liquid state under the influence of heat; as, butter and wax melt at moderate temperatures. 2. To dissolve; as, sugar melts in the mouth. 3. Hence: To be softened; to become tender, mild, or gentle; also, to be weakened or subdued, as by fear. My soul melteth for heaviness. Ps. cxix. 28. Melting with tenderness and kind compassion. Shak. 4. To lose distinct form or outline; to blend. The soft, green, rounded hills, with their flowing outlines, overlapping and melting into each other. J. C. Shairp. 5. To disappear by being dispersed or dissipated; as, the fog melts away. Shak.", - "melva": null, - "melville": null, - "melvin": null, "member": "To remember; to cause to remember; to mention. [Obs.]\n\n1. (Anat.) A part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an organ; a limb. We have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office. Rom. xii. 4. 2. Hence, a part of a whole; an independent constituent of a body; as: (a) A part of a discourse or of a period or sentence; a clause; a part of a verse. (b) (Math.) Either of the two parts of an algebraic equation, connected by the sign of equality. (c) (Engin.) Any essential part, as a post, tie rod, strut, etc., of a framed structure, as a bridge truss. (d) (Arch.) Any part of a building, whether constructional, as a pier, column, lintel, or the like, or decorative, as a molding, or group of moldings. (e) One of the persons composing a society, community, or the like; an individual forming part of an association; as, a member of the society of Friends. Compression member, Tension member (Engin.), a member, as a rod, brace, etc., which is subjected to compression or tension, respectively.", "members": "To remember; to cause to remember; to mention. [Obs.]\n\n1. (Anat.) A part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an organ; a limb. We have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office. Rom. xii. 4. 2. Hence, a part of a whole; an independent constituent of a body; as: (a) A part of a discourse or of a period or sentence; a clause; a part of a verse. (b) (Math.) Either of the two parts of an algebraic equation, connected by the sign of equality. (c) (Engin.) Any essential part, as a post, tie rod, strut, etc., of a framed structure, as a bridge truss. (d) (Arch.) Any part of a building, whether constructional, as a pier, column, lintel, or the like, or decorative, as a molding, or group of moldings. (e) One of the persons composing a society, community, or the like; an individual forming part of an association; as, a member of the society of Friends. Compression member, Tension member (Engin.), a member, as a rod, brace, etc., which is subjected to compression or tension, respectively.", "membership": "1. The state of being a member. 2. The collective body of members, as of a society.", @@ -47406,12 +41359,10 @@ "membrane": "A thin layer or fold of tissue, usually supported by a fibrous network, serving to cover or line some part or organ, and often secreting or absorbing certain fluids. Note: The term is also often applied to the thin, expanded parts, of various texture, both in animals and vegetables. Adventitious membrane, a membrane connecting parts not usually connected, or of a different texture from the ordinary connection; as, the membrane of a cicatrix. -- Jacob's membrane. See under Retina. -- Mucous membranes (Anat.), the membranes lining passages and cavities which communicate with the exterior, as well as ducts and receptacles of secretion, and habitually secreting mucus. -- Schneiderian membrane. (Anat.) See Schneiderian. -- Serous membranes (Anat.) , the membranes, like the peritoneum and pleura, which line, or lie in, cavities having no obvious outlet, and secrete a serous fluid.", "membranes": "A thin layer or fold of tissue, usually supported by a fibrous network, serving to cover or line some part or organ, and often secreting or absorbing certain fluids. Note: The term is also often applied to the thin, expanded parts, of various texture, both in animals and vegetables. Adventitious membrane, a membrane connecting parts not usually connected, or of a different texture from the ordinary connection; as, the membrane of a cicatrix. -- Jacob's membrane. See under Retina. -- Mucous membranes (Anat.), the membranes lining passages and cavities which communicate with the exterior, as well as ducts and receptacles of secretion, and habitually secreting mucus. -- Schneiderian membrane. (Anat.) See Schneiderian. -- Serous membranes (Anat.) , the membranes, like the peritoneum and pleura, which line, or lie in, cavities having no obvious outlet, and secrete a serous fluid.", "membranous": "1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, membrane; as, a membranous covering or lining. 2. (Bot.) Membranaceous. Membranous croup (Med.), true croup. See Croup.", - "memcached": null, "meme": null, "memento": "A hint, suggestion, token, or memorial, to awaken memory; that which reminds or recalls to memory; a souvenir. Seasonable mementos may be useful. Bacon.", "mementos": "A hint, suggestion, token, or memorial, to awaken memory; that which reminds or recalls to memory; a souvenir. Seasonable mementos may be useful. Bacon.", "memes": null, - "memling": null, "memo": null, "memoir": "1. A memorial account; a history composed from personal experience and memory; an account of transactions or events (usually written in familiar style) as they are remembered by the writer. See History, 2. 2. A memorial of any individual; a biography; often, a biography written without special regard to method and completeness. 3. An account of something deemed noteworthy; an essay; a record of investigations of any subject; the journals and proceedings of a society.", "memoirs": "1. A memorial account; a history composed from personal experience and memory; an account of transactions or events (usually written in familiar style) as they are remembered by the writer. See History, 2. 2. A memorial of any individual; a biography; often, a biography written without special regard to method and completeness. 3. An account of something deemed noteworthy; an essay; a record of investigations of any subject; the journals and proceedings of a society.", @@ -47435,7 +41386,6 @@ "memorizing": null, "memory": "1. The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of previous thoughts, impressions, or events. Memory is the purveyor of reason. Rambler. 2. The reach and positiveness with which a person can remember; the strength and trustworthiness of one's power to reach and represent or to recall the past; as, his memory was never wrong. 3. The actual and distinct retention and recognition of past ideas in the mind; remembrance; as, in memory of youth; memories of foreign lands. 4. The time within which past events can be or are remembered; as, within the memory of man. And what, before thy memory, was done From the begining. Milton. 5. Something, or an aggregate of things, remembered; hence, character, conduct, etc., as preserved in remembrance, history, or tradition; posthumous fame; as, the war became only a memory. The memory of the just is blessed. Prov. x. 7. That ever-living man of memory, Henry the Fifth. Shak. The Nonconformists . . . have, as a body, always venerated her [Elizabeth's] memory. Macaulay. 6. A memorial. [Obs.] These weeds are memories of those worser hours. Shak. Syn. -- Memory, Remembrance, Recollection, Reminiscence. Memory is the generic term, denoting the power by which we reproduce past impressions. Remembrance is an exercise of that power when things occur spontaneously to our thoughts. In recollection we make a distinct effort to collect again, or call back, what we know has been formerly in the mind. Reminiscence is intermediate between remembrance and recollection, being a conscious process of recalling past occurrences, but without that full and varied reference to particular things which characterizes recollection. \"When an idea again recurs without the operation of the like object on the external sensory, it is remembrance; if it be sought after by the mind, and with pain and endeavor found, and brought again into view, it is recollection.\" Locke. To draw to memory, to put on record; to record. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.", "memos": null, - "memphis": null, "memsahib": null, "memsahibs": null, "men": "pl. of Man.\n\nA man; one; -- used with a verb in the singular, and corresponding to the present indefinite one or they. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Men moot give silver to the poure triars. Chaucer. A privy thief, men clepeth death. Chaucer.", @@ -47448,59 +41398,35 @@ "menagerie": "1. A piace where animals are kept and trained. 2. A collection of wild or exotic animals, kept for exhibition.", "menageries": "1. A piace where animals are kept and trained. 2. A collection of wild or exotic animals, kept for exhibition.", "menages": "See Manage.\n\nA collection of animals; a menagerie. [Obs.] Addison.", - "menander": null, - "mencius": null, - "mencken": null, "mend": "1. To repair, as anything that is torn, broken, defaced, decayed, or the like; to restore from partial decay, injury, or defacement; to patch up; to put in shape or order again; to re-create; as, to mend a garment or a machine. 2. To alter for the better; to set right; to reform; hence, to quicken; as, to mend one's manners or pace. The best service they could do the state was to mend the lives of the persons who composed it. Sir W. Temple. 3. To help, to advance, to further; to add to. Though in some lands the grass is but short, yet it mends garden herbs and fruit. Mortimer. You mend the jewel by the wearing it. Shak. Syn. -- To improve; help; better; emend; amend; correct; rectify; reform.\n\nTo grow better; to advance to a better state; to become improved. Shak.", "mendacious": "1. Given to deception or falsehood; lying; as, a mendacious person. 2. False; counterfeit; containing falsehood; as, a mendacious statement. -- Men*da\"cious*ly, adv. -- Men*da\"cious*ness, n.", "mendaciously": null, "mendacity": "1. The quality or state of being mendacious; a habit of lying. Macaulay. 2. A falsehood; a lie. Sir T. Browne. Syn. -- Lying; deceit; untruth; falsehood.", "mended": null, - "mendel": null, - "mendeleev": null, "mendelevium": null, - "mendelian": "Pert. to Mendel, or to Mendel's law. -- Men*de\"li*an*ism (#), Men*del\"ism (#), n.", - "mendelssohn": null, "mender": "One who mends or repairs.", "menders": "One who mends or repairs.", - "mendez": null, "mendicancy": "The condition of being mendicant; beggary; begging. Burke.", "mendicant": "Practicing beggary; begging; living on alms; as, mendicant friars. Mendicant orders (R. C. Ch.), certain monastic orders which are forbidden to acquire landed property and are required to be supported by alms, esp. the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Carmelites, and the Augustinians.\n\nA beggar; esp., one who makes a business of begging; specifically, a begging friar.", "mendicants": "Practicing beggary; begging; living on alms; as, mendicant friars. Mendicant orders (R. C. Ch.), certain monastic orders which are forbidden to acquire landed property and are required to be supported by alms, esp. the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Carmelites, and the Augustinians.\n\nA beggar; esp., one who makes a business of begging; specifically, a begging friar.", "mending": null, - "mendocino": null, - "mendoza": null, "mends": "See Amends. [Obs.] Shak.", - "menelaus": null, - "menelik": null, - "menes": null, "menfolk": null, "menfolks": null, - "mengzi": null, "menhaden": "An American marine fish of the Herring familt (Brevoortia tyrannus), chiefly valuable for its oil and as a component of fertilizers; -- called also mossbunker, bony fish, chebog, pogy, hardhead, whitefish, etc.", "menial": "1. Belonging to a retinue or train of servants; performing servile office; serving. Two menial dogs before their master pressed. Dryden. 2. Pertaining to servants, esp. domestic servants; servile; low; mean. \" Menial offices.\" Swift.\n\n1. A domestic servant or retainer, esp. one of humble rank; one employed in low or servile offices. 2. A person of a servile character or disposition. MENIERE'S DISEASE Mé`nière's\" dis*ease\". (Med.) A disease characterized by deafness and vertigo, resulting in incoördination of movement. It is supposed to depend upon a morbid condition of the semicircular canals of the internal ear. Named after Ménière, a French physician.", "menially": null, "menials": "1. Belonging to a retinue or train of servants; performing servile office; serving. Two menial dogs before their master pressed. Dryden. 2. Pertaining to servants, esp. domestic servants; servile; low; mean. \" Menial offices.\" Swift.\n\n1. A domestic servant or retainer, esp. one of humble rank; one employed in low or servile offices. 2. A person of a servile character or disposition. MENIERE'S DISEASE Mé`nière's\" dis*ease\". (Med.) A disease characterized by deafness and vertigo, resulting in incoördination of movement. It is supposed to depend upon a morbid condition of the semicircular canals of the internal ear. Named after Ménière, a French physician.", - "menifee": null, "meningeal": "Of or pertaining to the meninges.", "meninges": "The three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord; the pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid membrane.", "meningitis": "Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. Cerebro-spinal meningitis. See under Cerebro-spinal.", "meninx": null, "menisci": null, "meniscus": "1. A crescent. 2. (Opt.) A lens convex on one side and concave on the other. 3. (Anat.) An interarticular synovial cartilage or membrane; esp., one of the intervertebral synovial disks in some parts of the vertebral column of birds. Converging meniscus, Diverging meniscus. See Lens.", - "menkalinan": null, - "menkar": null, - "menkent": null, - "mennen": null, - "mennonite": "One of a small denomination of Christians, so called from Menno Simons of Friesland, their founder. They believe that the New Testament is the only rule of faith, that there is no original sin, that infants should not be baptized, and that Christians ought not to take oath, hold office, or render military service.", - "mennonites": "One of a small denomination of Christians, so called from Menno Simons of Friesland, their founder. They believe that the New Testament is the only rule of faith, that there is no original sin, that infants should not be baptized, and that Christians ought not to take oath, hold office, or render military service.", - "menominee": null, "menopausal": null, "menopause": "The period of natural cessation of menstruation. See Change of life, under Change.", "menorah": null, "menorahs": null, - "menotti": null, - "mensa": null, "mensch": null, "mensches": null, "menservants": null, @@ -47522,7 +41448,6 @@ "mentally": "In the mind; in thought or meditation; intellectually; in idea.", "menthol": "A white, crystalline, aromatic substance resembling camphor, extracted from oil of peppermint (Mentha); -- called also mint camphor or peppermint camphor.", "mentholated": null, - "mentholatum": null, "mention": "A speaking or notice of anything, -- usually in a brief or cursory manner. Used especially in the phrase to make mention of. I will make mention of thy righteousness. Ps. lxxi. 16. And sleep in dull, cold marble, where no mention Of me more must be heard of. Shak.\n\nTo make mention of; to speak briefly of; to name. I will mention the loving-kindnesses of the Lord. Is. lxiii. 7.", "mentioned": null, "mentioning": null, @@ -47533,22 +41458,13 @@ "mentors": "A wise and faithful counselor or monitor.", "mentorship": null, "menu": "The details of a banquet; a bill of fare.", - "menuhin": null, "menus": "The details of a banquet; a bill of fare.", - "menzies": null, "meow": "See 6th and 7th Mew.", "meowed": null, "meowing": null, "meows": "See 6th and 7th Mew.", - "mephisto": null, - "mephistopheles": null, - "merak": null, - "mercado": null, "mercantile": "Of or pertaining to merchants, or the business of merchants; having to do with trade, or the buying and selling of commodities; commercial. The expedition of the Argonauts was partly mercantile, partly military. Arbuthnot. Mercantile agency, an agency for procuring information of the standing and credit of merchants in different parts of the country, for the use of dealers who sell to them. -- Mercantile marine, the persons and vessels employed in commerce, taken collectively. -- Mercantile paper, the notes or acceptances given by merchants for goods bought, or received on consignment; drafts on merchants for goods sold or consigned. McElrath. Syn. -- Mercantile, Commercial. Commercial is the wider term, being sometimes used to embrace mercantile. In their stricter use, commercial relates to the shipping, freighting, forwarding, and other business connected with the commerce of a country (whether external or internal), that is, the exchange of commodities; while mercantile applies to the sale of merchandise and goods when brought to market. As the two employments are to some extent intermingled, the two words are often interchanged.", "mercantilism": null, - "mercator": null, - "merced": null, - "mercedes": null, "mercenaries": null, "mercenary": "1. Acting for reward; serving for pay; paid; hired; hireling; venal; as, mercenary soldiers. 2. Hence: Moved by considerations of pay or profit; greedy of gain; sordid; selfish. Shak. For God forbid I should my papers blot With mercenary lines, with servile pen. Daniel. Syn. -- See Venal.\n\nOne who is hired; a hireling; especially, a soldier hired into foreign service. Milman.", "mercer": "Originally, a dealer in any kind of goods or wares; now restricted to a dealer in textile fabrics, as silks or woolens. [Eng.]", @@ -47568,23 +41484,18 @@ "merchantman": "1. A merchant. [Obs.] Matt. xiii. 45. 2. A trading vessel; a ship employed in the transportation of goods, as, distinguished from a man-of-war.", "merchantmen": null, "merchants": "1. One who traffics on a large scale, especially with foreign countries; a trafficker; a trader. Others, like merchants, venture trade abroad. Shak. 2. A trading vessel; a merchantman. [Obs.] Shak. 3. One who keeps a store or shop for the sale of goods; a shopkeeper. [U. S. & Scot.]\n\nOf, pertaining to, or employed in, trade or merchandise; as, the merchant service. Merchant bar, Merchant iron or steel, certain common sizes of wrought iron and steel bars. -- Merchant service, the mercantile marine of a country. Am. Cyc. -- Merchant ship, a ship employed in commerce. -- Merchant tailor, a tailor who keeps and sells materials for the garments which he makes.\n\nTo be a merchant; to trade. [Obs.]", - "mercia": null, "mercies": null, "merciful": "1. Full of mercy; having or exercising mercy; disposed to pity and spare offenders; unwilling to punish. The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious. Ex. xxxiv. 6. Be merciful, great duke, to men of mold. Shak. 2. Unwilling to give pain; compassionate. A merciful man will be merciful to his beast. Old Proverb. Syn. -- Compassionate; tender; humane; gracious; kind; mild; clement; benignant. -- Mer\"ci*ful*ly, adv. -- Mer\"ci*ful*ness, n.", "mercifully": null, "merciless": "Destitute of mercy; cruel; unsparing; -- said of animate beings, and also, figuratively, of things; as, a merciless tyrant; merciless waves. The foe is merciless, and will not pity. Shak. Syn. -- Cruel; unmerciful; remorseless; ruthless; pitiless; barbarous; savage. -- Mer\"ci*less*ly, adv. -- Mer\"ci*less*ness, n.", "mercilessly": null, "mercilessness": null, - "merck": null, "mercurial": "1. Having the qualities fabled to belong to the god Mercury; swift; active; sprightly; fickle; volatile; changeable; as, a mercurial youth; a mercurial temperament. A mercurial man Who fluttered over all things like a fan. Byron. 2. Having the form or image of Mercury; -- applied to ancient guideposts. [Obs.] Chillingworth. 3. Of or pertaining to Mercury as the god of trade; hence, money- making; crafty. The mercurial wand of commerce. J. Q. Adams. 4. Of or pertaining to, or containing, mercury; as, mercurial preparations, barometer. See Mercury, 2. 5. (Med.) Caused by the use of mercury; as, mercurial sore mouth.\n\n1. A person having mercurial qualities. Bacon. 2. (Med.) A preparation containing mercury.", "mercurially": "In a mercurial manner.", "mercuric": "Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mercury; containing mercury; -- said of those compounds of mercury into which this element enters in its lowest proportion. Mercuric chloride, corrosive sublimate. See Corrosive.", - "mercuries": null, - "mercurochrome": null, "mercury": "1. (Rom. Myth.) A Latin god of commerce and gain; -- treated by the poets as identical with the Greek Hermes, messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and god of eloquence. 2. (Chem.) A metallic element mostly obtained by reduction from cinnabar, one of its ores. It is a heavy, opaque, glistening liquid (commonly called quicksilver), and is used in barometers, thermometers, ect. Specific gravity 13.6. Symbol Hg (Hydrargyrum). Atomic weight 199.8. Mercury has a molecule which consists of only one atom. It was named by the alchemists after the god Mercury, and designated by his symbol, mercury. Note: Mercury forms alloys, called amalgams, with many metals, and is thus used in applying tin foil to the backs of mirrors, and in extracting gold and silver from their ores. It is poisonous, and is used in medicine in the free state as in blue pill, and in its compounds as calomel, corrosive sublimate, etc. It is the only metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures, and it solidifies at about -39º Centigrade to a soft, malleable, ductile metal. 3. (Astron.) One of the planets of the solar system, being the one nearest the sun, from which its mean distance is about 36,000,000 miles. Its period is 88 days, and its diameter 3,000 miles. 4. A carrier of tidings; a newsboy; a messenger; hence, also, a newspaper. Sir J. Stephen. \"The monthly Mercuries.\" Macaulay. 5. Sprightly or mercurial quality; spirit; mutability; fickleness. [Obs.] He was so full of mercury that he could not fix long in any friendship, or to any design. Bp. Burnet. 6. (Bot.) A plant (Mercurialis annua), of the Spurge family, the leaves of which are sometimes used for spinach, in Europe. Note: The name is also applied, in the United States, to certain climbing plants, some of which are poisonous to the skin, esp. to the Rhus Toxicodendron, or poison ivy. Dog's mercury (Bot.), Mercurialis perennis, a perennial plant differing from M. annua by having the leaves sessile. -- English mercury (Bot.), a kind of goosefoot formerly used as a pot herb; -- called Good King Henry. -- Horn mercury (Min.), a mineral chloride of mercury, having a semitranslucent, hornlike appearance.\n\nTo wash with a preparation of mercury. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "mercy": "1. Forbearance to inflict harm under circumstances of provocation, when one has the power to inflict it; compassionate treatment of an offender or adversary; clemency. Examples of justice must be made for terror to some; examples of mercy for comfort to others. Bacon. 2. Compassionate treatment of the unfortunate and helpless; sometimes, favor, beneficence. Luke x. 37. 3. Disposition to exercise compassion or favor; pity; compassion; willingness to spare or to help. In whom mercy lacketh and is not founden. Sir T. Elyot. 4. A blessing regarded as a manifestation of compassion or favor. The Father of mercies and the God of all comfort. 2 Cor. i. 3. Mercy seat (Bib.), the golden cover or lid of the Ark of the Covenant. See Ark, 2. -- Sisters of Mercy (R. C. Ch.),a religious order founded in Dublin in the year 1827. Communities of the same name have since been established in various American cities. The duties of those belonging to the order are, to attend lying-in hospitals, to superintend the education of girls, and protect decent women out of employment, to visit prisoners and the sick, and to attend persons condemned to death. -- To be at the mercy of, to be wholly in the power of. Syn. -- See Grace.", "mere": "A pool or lake. Drayton. Tennyson.\n\nA boundary. Bacon.\n\nTo divide, limit, or bound. [Obs.] Which meared her rule with Africa. Spenser.\n\nA mare. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Unmixed; pure; entire; absolute; unqualified. Then entered they the mere, main sea. Chapman. The sorrows of this world would be mere and unmixed. Jer. Taylor. 2. Only this, and nothing else; such, and no more; simple; bare; as, a mere boy; a mere form. From mere success nothing can be concluded in favor of any nation. Atterbury.", - "meredith": null, "merely": "1. Purely; unmixedly; absolutely. Ulysses was to force forth his access, Though merely naked. Chapman. 2. Not otherwise than; simply; barely; only. Prize not your life for other ends Than merely to obige your friends. Swift. Syn. -- Solely; simply; purely; barely; scarcely.", "meres": "A pool or lake. Drayton. Tennyson.\n\nA boundary. Bacon.\n\nTo divide, limit, or bound. [Obs.] Which meared her rule with Africa. Spenser.\n\nA mare. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Unmixed; pure; entire; absolute; unqualified. Then entered they the mere, main sea. Chapman. The sorrows of this world would be mere and unmixed. Jer. Taylor. 2. Only this, and nothing else; such, and no more; simple; bare; as, a mere boy; a mere form. From mere success nothing can be concluded in favor of any nation. Atterbury.", "merest": null, @@ -47616,34 +41527,21 @@ "meritoriously": null, "meritoriousness": null, "merits": "1. The quality or state of deserving well or ill; desert. Here may men see how sin hath his merit. Chaucer. Be it known, that we, the greatest, are misthought For things that others do; and when we fall, We answer other's merits in our name. Shak. 2. Esp. in a good sense: The quality or state of deserving well; worth; excellence. Reputation is ... oft got without merit, and lost without deserving. Shak. To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known, And every author's merit, but his own. Pope. 3. Reward deserved; any mark or token of excellence or approbation; as, his teacher gave him ten merits. Those laurel groves, the merits of thy youth. Prior.\n\n1. To earn by service or performance; to have a right to claim as reward; to deserve; sometimes, to deserve in a bad sense; as, to merit punishment. \"This kindness merits thanks.\" Shak. 2. To reward. [R. & Obs.] Chapman.\n\nTo acquire desert; to gain value; to receive benefit; to profit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", - "merle": "The European blackbird. See Blackbird. Drayton.", - "merlin": "A small European falcon (Falco lithofalco, or F. æsalon).", - "merlot": null, "mermaid": "A fabled marine creature, typically represented as having the upper part like that of a woman, and the lower like a fish; a sea nymph, sea woman, or woman fish. Note: Chaucer uses this word as equivalent to the siren of the ancients. Mermaid fish (Zoöl.) the angel fish (Squatina). -- Mermaid's glove (Zoöl.), a British branched sponge somewhat resembling a glove. -- Mermaid's head (Zoöl.), a European spatangoid sea urchin (Echinocardium cordatum) having some resemblance to a skull. -- Mermaid weed (Bot.), an aquatic herb with dentate or pectinate leaves (Proserpinaca palustris and P. pectinacea).", "mermaids": "A fabled marine creature, typically represented as having the upper part like that of a woman, and the lower like a fish; a sea nymph, sea woman, or woman fish. Note: Chaucer uses this word as equivalent to the siren of the ancients. Mermaid fish (Zoöl.) the angel fish (Squatina). -- Mermaid's glove (Zoöl.), a British branched sponge somewhat resembling a glove. -- Mermaid's head (Zoöl.), a European spatangoid sea urchin (Echinocardium cordatum) having some resemblance to a skull. -- Mermaid weed (Bot.), an aquatic herb with dentate or pectinate leaves (Proserpinaca palustris and P. pectinacea).", "merman": "The male corresponding to mermaid; a sea man, or man fish.", "mermen": null, - "merovingian": "Of or pertaining to the first Frankish dynasty in Gaul or France. -- n. One of the kings of this dynasty.", - "merriam": null, - "merrick": null, "merrier": null, "merriest": null, - "merrill": null, "merrily": "In a merry manner; with mirth; with gayety and laughter; jovially. See Mirth, and Merry. Merrily sing, and sport, and play. Granville.", - "merrimack": null, "merriment": "Gayety, with laughter; mirth; frolic. \"Follies and light merriment.\" Spenser. Methought it was the sound Of riot and ill-managed merriment. Milton.", "merriness": "The quality or state of being merry; merriment; mirth; gayety, with laughter.", - "merritt": null, "merry": "1. Laughingly gay; overflowing with good humor and good spirits; jovial; inclined to laughter or play ; sportive. They drank, and were merry with him. Gen. xliii. 34. I am never merry when I hear sweet music. Shak. 2. Cheerful; joyous; not sad; happy. Is any merry Jas. v. 13. 3. Causing laughter, mirth, gladness, or delight; as, merry jest. \"Merry wind and weather.\" Spenser. Merry dancers. See under Dancer. -- Merry men, followers; retainers. [Obs.] His merie men commanded he To make him bothe game and glee. Chaucer. -- To make merry, to be jovial; to indulge in hilarity; to feast with mirth. Judg. ix. 27. Syn. -- Cheerful; blithe; lively; sprightly; vivacious; gleeful; joyous; mirthful; jocund; sportive; hilarious.\n\nA kind of wild red cherry.", "merrymaker": "One who makes merriment or indulges in conviviality; a jovial comrade.", "merrymakers": "One who makes merriment or indulges in conviviality; a jovial comrade.", "merrymaking": "Making or producing mirth; convivial; jolly.\n\nThe act of making merry; conviviality; merriment; jollity. Wordsworth.", - "merthiolate": null, - "merton": null, - "mervin": null, "mes": "One. See Men, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe person speaking, regarded as an object; myself; a pronoun of the first person used as the objective and dative case of the pronoum I; as, he struck me; he gave me the money, or he gave the money to me; he got me a hat, or he got a hat for me. Note: In methinks, me is properly in the dative case, and the verb is impersonal, the construction being, it appears to me. In early use me was often placed before forms of the verb to be with an adjective; as, me were lief. Me rather had my heart might frrl your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak.", "mesa": "A high tableland; a plateau on a hill. [Southwestern U.S.] Bartlett.", - "mesabi": null, "mesas": "A high tableland; a plateau on a hill. [Southwestern U.S.] Bartlett.", "mescal": "A distilled liquor prepared in Mexico from a species of agave. See Agave.", "mescalin": null, @@ -47655,7 +41553,6 @@ "meshed": "Mashed; brewed. [Obs.] Shak.", "meshes": null, "meshing": null, - "mesmer": null, "mesmeric": "Of, pertaining to, or induced by, mesmerism; as, mesmeric sleep.", "mesmerism": "The art of inducing an extraordinary or abnormal state of the nervous system, in which the actor claims to control the actions, and communicate directly with the mind, of the recipient. See Animal magnetism, under Magnetism.", "mesmerize": "To bring into a state of mesmeric sleep.", @@ -47664,16 +41561,12 @@ "mesmerizers": "One who mesmerizes.", "mesmerizes": "To bring into a state of mesmeric sleep.", "mesmerizing": null, - "mesolithic": null, "mesomorph": null, "mesomorphs": null, "meson": "The mesial plane dividing the body of an animal into similar right and left halves. The line in which it meets the dorsal surface has been called the dorsimeson, and the corresponding ventral edge the ventrimeson. B. G. Wilder.", "mesons": "The mesial plane dividing the body of an animal into similar right and left halves. The line in which it meets the dorsal surface has been called the dorsimeson, and the corresponding ventral edge the ventrimeson. B. G. Wilder.", - "mesopotamia": null, - "mesopotamian": null, "mesosphere": null, "mesospheres": null, - "mesozoic": "Belonging, or relating, to the secondary or reptilian age, or the era between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic. See Chart of Geology.\n\nThe Mesozoic age or formation.", "mesquite": "A name for two trees of the southwestern part of North America, the honey mesquite, and screw-pod mesquite. Honey mesquite. See Algaroba (b). -- Screw-pod mesquite, a smaller tree (Prosopis pubescens), having spiral pods used as fodder and sometimes as food by the Indians. -- Mesquite grass, a rich native grass in Western Texas (Bouteloua oligostachya, and other species); -- so called from its growing in company with the mesquite tree; -- called also muskit grass, grama grass.", "mesquites": "A name for two trees of the southwestern part of North America, the honey mesquite, and screw-pod mesquite. Honey mesquite. See Algaroba (b). -- Screw-pod mesquite, a smaller tree (Prosopis pubescens), having spiral pods used as fodder and sometimes as food by the Indians. -- Mesquite grass, a rich native grass in Western Texas (Bouteloua oligostachya, and other species); -- so called from its growing in company with the mesquite tree; -- called also muskit grass, grama grass.", "mess": "Mass; church service. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A quantity of food set on a table at one time; provision of food for a person or party for one meal; as, a mess of pottage; also, the food given to a beast at one time. At their savory dinner set Of herbs and other country messes. Milton. 2. A number of persons who eat together, and for whom food is prepared in common; especially, persons in the military or naval service who eat at the same table; as, the wardroom mess. Shak. 3. A set of four; -- from the old practice of dividing companies into sets of four at dinner. [Obs.] Latimer. 4. The milk given by a cow at one milking. [U.S.] 5. Etym: [Perh. corrupt. fr. OE. mesh for mash: cf. muss.] A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding; as, he made a mess of it. [Colloq.]\n\nTo take meals with a mess; to belong to a mess; to eat (with others); as, I mess with the wardroom officers. Marryat.\n\nTo supply with a mess.", @@ -47685,9 +41578,7 @@ "messeigneurs": null, "messenger": "1. One who bears a message; the bearer of a verbal or written communication, notice, or invitation, from one person to another, or to a public body; specifically, an office servant who bears messages. 2. One who, or that which, foreshows, or foretells. Yon gray lines That fret the clouds are messengers of day. Shak. 3. (Naut.) A hawser passed round the capstan, and having its two ends lashed together to form an endless rope or chain; -- formerly used for heaving in the cable. 4. (Law) A person appointed to perform certain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolvent laws, such as to take charge og the estate of the bankrupt or insolvent. Bouvier. Tomlins. Syn. -- Carrier; intelligencer; courier; harbinger; forerunner; precursor; herald. Messenger bird, the secretary bird, from its swiftness.", "messengers": "1. One who bears a message; the bearer of a verbal or written communication, notice, or invitation, from one person to another, or to a public body; specifically, an office servant who bears messages. 2. One who, or that which, foreshows, or foretells. Yon gray lines That fret the clouds are messengers of day. Shak. 3. (Naut.) A hawser passed round the capstan, and having its two ends lashed together to form an endless rope or chain; -- formerly used for heaving in the cable. 4. (Law) A person appointed to perform certain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolvent laws, such as to take charge og the estate of the bankrupt or insolvent. Bouvier. Tomlins. Syn. -- Carrier; intelligencer; courier; harbinger; forerunner; precursor; herald. Messenger bird, the secretary bird, from its swiftness.", - "messerschmidt": null, "messes": null, - "messiaen": null, "messiah": "The expected king and deliverer of the Hebrews; the Savior; Christ. And told them the Messiah now was born. Milton.", "messiahs": "The expected king and deliverer of the Hebrews; the Savior; Christ. And told them the Messiah now was born. Milton.", "messianic": "Of or relating to the Messiah; as, the Messianic office or character.", @@ -47724,7 +41615,6 @@ "metalanguages": null, "metaled": null, "metallic": "1. Of or pertaining to a metal; of the nature of metal; resembling metal; as, a metallic appearance; a metallic alloy. 2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, the essential and implied properties of a metal, as contrasted with a nonmetal or metalloid; basic; antacid; positive. Metallic iron, iron in the state of the metal, as distinquished from its ores, as magnetic iron. -- Metallic paper, paper covered with a thin solution of lime, whiting, and size. When written upon with a pewter or brass pencil, the lines can hardly be effaced. -- Metallic tinking (Med.), a sound heard in the chest, when a cavity communicating with the air passages contains both air and liquid.", - "metallica": null, "metallurgic": "Of or pertaining to metallurgy.", "metallurgical": "Of or pertaining to metallurgy.", "metallurgist": "One who works in metals, or prepares them for use; one who is skilled in metallurgy.", @@ -47742,7 +41632,6 @@ "metamorphoses": "To change into a different form; to transform; to transmute. And earth was metamorphosed into man. Dryden.\n\nSame as Metamorphosis.", "metamorphosing": null, "metamorphosis": "1. Change of form, or structure; transformation. 2. (Biol.) A change in the form or function of a living organism, by a natural process of growth or development; as, the metamorphosis of the yolk into the embryo, of a tadpole into a frog, or of a bud into a blossom. Especially, that form of sexual reproduction in which an embryo undergoes a series of marked changes of external form, as the chrysalis stage, pupa stage, etc., in insects. In these intermediate stages sexual reproduction is usually impossible, but they ultimately pass into final and sexually developed forms, from the union of which organisms are produced which pass through the same cycle of changes. See Transformation. 3. (Physiol.) The change of material of one kind into another through the agency of the living organism; metabolism. Vegetable metamorphosis (Bot.), the doctrine that flowers are homologous with leaf buds, and that the floral organs are transformed leaves.", - "metamucil": null, "metaphor": "The transference of the relation between one set of objects to another set for the purpose of brief explanation; a compressed simile; e. g., the ship plows the sea. Abbott & Seeley. \"All the world's a stage.\" Shak. Note: The statement, \"that man is a fox,\" is a metaphor; but \"that man is like a fox,\" is a simile, similitude, or comparison.", "metaphoric": "Of or pertaining to metaphor; comprising a metaphor; not literal; figurative; tropical; as, a metaphorical expression; a metaphorical sense. -- Met`a*phor\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Met`a*phor\"ic*al*ness, n.", "metaphorical": "Of or pertaining to metaphor; comprising a metaphor; not literal; figurative; tropical; as, a metaphorical expression; a metaphorical sense. -- Met`a*phor\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Met`a*phor\"ic*al*ness, n.", @@ -47797,10 +41686,6 @@ "methodical": "1. Arranged with regard to method; disposed in a suitable manner, or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical observation; as, the methodical arrangement of arguments; a methodical treatise. \"Methodical regularity.\" Addison. 2. Proceeding with regard to method; systematic. \"Aristotle, strict, methodic, and orderly.\" Harris. 3. Of or pertaining to the ancient school of physicians called methodists. Johnson. -- Me*thod\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Me*thod\"ic*al*ness, n.", "methodically": null, "methodicalness": null, - "methodism": "The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect called Methodists. Bp. Warburton.", - "methodisms": "The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect called Methodists. Bp. Warburton.", - "methodist": "1. One who observes method. [Obs.] 2. One of an ancient school of physicians who rejected observation and founded their practice on reasoning and theory. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. (Theol.) One of a sect of Christians, the outgrowth of a small association called the \"Holy Club,\" formed at Oxford University, A.D. 1729, of which the most conspicuous members were John Wesley and his brother Charles; -- originally so called from the methodical strictness of members of the club in all religious duties. 4. A person of strict piety; one who lives in the exact observance of religious duties; -- sometimes so called in contempt or ridicule.\n\nOf or pertaining to the sect of Methodists; as, Methodist hymns; a Methodist elder.", - "methodists": "1. One who observes method. [Obs.] 2. One of an ancient school of physicians who rejected observation and founded their practice on reasoning and theory. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. (Theol.) One of a sect of Christians, the outgrowth of a small association called the \"Holy Club,\" formed at Oxford University, A.D. 1729, of which the most conspicuous members were John Wesley and his brother Charles; -- originally so called from the methodical strictness of members of the club in all religious duties. 4. A person of strict piety; one who lives in the exact observance of religious duties; -- sometimes so called in contempt or ridicule.\n\nOf or pertaining to the sect of Methodists; as, Methodist hymns; a Methodist elder.", "methodological": "Of or pertaining to methodology.", "methodologically": null, "methodologies": null, @@ -47809,7 +41694,6 @@ "methotrexate": null, "methought": "of Methinks.", "meths": "See Meathe. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "methuselah": null, "methyl": "A hydrocarbon radical, CH3, not existing alone but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written also methule, methyle, etc.] Methyl alcohol (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by the distillation of wood, and hence called wood spirit; -- called also methol, carbinol, etc. -- Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline gas, CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted ammonias. -- Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3, obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; -- called also methyl oxide. -- Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n. -- Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin. -- Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.", "meticulous": "Timid; fearful. -- Me*tic\"u*lous*ly, adv.", "meticulously": null, @@ -47837,10 +41721,8 @@ "metropolises": null, "metropolitan": "1. Of or pertaining to the capital or principal city of a country; as, metropolitan luxury. 2. (Eccl.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a metropolitan or the presiding bishop of a country or province, his office, or his dignity; as, metropolitan authority. \"Bishops metropolitan.\" Sir T. More.\n\n1. The superior or presiding bishop of a country or province. 2. (Lat. Church.) An archbishop. 3. (Gr. Church) A bishop whose see is civil metropolis. His rank is intermediate between that of an archbishop and a patriarch. Hook.", "metros": null, - "metternich": null, "mettle": "Substance or quality of temperament; spirit, esp. as regards honor, courage, fortitude, ardor, etc.; disposition; -- usually in a good sense. A certain critical hour which shall... try what mettle his heart is made of. South. Gentlemen of brave mettle. Shak. The winged courser, like a generous horse, Shows most true mettle when you check his course. Pope. To put one one's mettle, to cause or incite one to use one's best efforts.", "mettlesome": "Full of spirit; possessing constitutional ardor; fiery; as, a mettlesome horse. -- Met\"tle*some*ly, adv. -- Met\"tle*some*ness, n.", - "meuse": null, "mew": "A gull, esp. the common British species (Larus canus); called also sea mew, maa, mar, mow, and cobb.\n\nTo shed or cast; to change; to molt; as, the hawk mewed his feathers. Nine times the moon had mewed her horns. Dryden.\n\nTo cast the feathers; to molt; hence, to change; to put on a new appearance. Now everything doth mew, And shifts his rustic winter robe. Turbervile.\n\n1. A cage for hawks while mewing; a coop for fattening fowls; hence, any inclosure; a place of confinement or shelter; -- in the latter sense usually in the plural. Full many a fat partrich had he in mewe. Chaucer. Forthcoming from her darksome mew. Spenser. Violets in their secret mews. Wordsworth. 2. A stable or range of stables for horses; -- compound used in the plural, and so called from the royal stables in London, built on the site of the king's mews for hawks.\n\nTo shut up; to inclose; to confine, as in a cage or other inclosure. More pity that the eagle should be mewed. Shak. Close mewed in their sedans, for fear of air. Dryden.\n\nTo cry as a cat. [Written also meaw, meow.] Shak.\n\nThe common cry of a cat. Shak.", "mewed": null, "mewing": null, @@ -47849,63 +41731,25 @@ "mewling": null, "mewls": "To cry, as a young child; to squall. [Written also meawl.] Shak.", "mews": "An alley where there are stables; a narrow passage; a confined place. [Eng.] Mr. Turveydrop's great room... was built out into a mews at the back. Dickens.", - "mex": null, - "mexicali": null, - "mexican": "Of or pertaining to Mexico or its people. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Mexico. Mexican poppy (Bot.), a tropical American herb of the Poppy family (Argemone Mexicana) with much the look of a thistle, but having large yellow or white blossoms. -- Mexican tea (Bot.), an aromatic kind of pigweed from tropical America (Chenopodium ambrosioides).", - "mexicans": "Of or pertaining to Mexico or its people. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Mexico. Mexican poppy (Bot.), a tropical American herb of the Poppy family (Argemone Mexicana) with much the look of a thistle, but having large yellow or white blossoms. -- Mexican tea (Bot.), an aromatic kind of pigweed from tropical America (Chenopodium ambrosioides).", - "mexico": null, - "meyer": null, - "meyerbeer": null, - "meyers": null, "mezzanine": "(a) Same as Entresol. (b) A partial story which is not on the same level with the story of the main part of the edifice, as of a back building, where the floors are on a level with landings of the staircase of the main house.", "mezzanines": "(a) Same as Entresol. (b) A partial story which is not on the same level with the story of the main part of the edifice, as of a back building, where the floors are on a level with landings of the staircase of the main house.", "mezzo": "Mean; not extreme.", "mezzos": "Mean; not extreme.", - "mfa": null, "mfg": null, "mfr": null, "mfrs": null, - "mfume": null, "mg": null, - "mgm": null, "mgr": null, - "mhz": null, "mi": "A syllable applied to the third tone of the scale of C, i. e., to E, in European solmization, but to the third tone of any scale in the American system.", - "mia": null, - "miami": null, - "miamis": "A tribe of Indians that formerly occupied the country between the Wabash and Maumee rivers.", - "miaplacidus": null, "miasma": "Infectious particles or germs floating in the air; air made noxious by the presence of such particles or germs; noxious effluvia; malaria.", "miasmas": "Infectious particles or germs floating in the air; air made noxious by the presence of such particles or germs; noxious effluvia; malaria.", "mic": null, "mica": "The name of a group of minerals characterized by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic. They differ widely in composition, and vary in color from pale brown or yellow to green or black. The transparent forms are used in lanterns, the doors of stoves, etc., being popularly called isinglass. Formerly called also cat-silver, and glimmer. Note: The important species of the mica group are: muscovite, common or potash mica, pale brown or green, often silvery, including damourite (also called hydromica); biotite, iron-magnesia mica, dark brown, green, or black; lepidomelane, iron, mica, black; phlogopite, magnesia mica, colorless, yellow, brown; lepidolite, lithia mica, rose-red, lilac. Mica (usually muscovite, also biotite) is an essential constituent of granite, gneiss, and mica slate; biotite is common in many eruptive rocks; phlogopite in crystalline limestone and serpentine. Mica diorite (Min.), an eruptive rock allied to diorite but containing mica (biotite) instead of hornblende. -- Mica powder, a kind of dynamite containing fine scales of mica. -- Mica schist, Mica slate (Geol.), a schistose rock, consisting of mica and quartz with, usually, some feldspar.", - "micah": null, - "micawber": null, "mice": "pl of Mouse.", - "mich": "To lie hid; to skulk; to act, or carry one's self, sneakingly. [Obs. or Colloq.] [Written also meach and meech.] Spenser.", - "michael": null, - "michaelmas": "The feat of the archangel Michael, a church festival, celebrated on the 29th of September. Hence, colloquially, autumn. Michaelmas daisy. (Bot.) See under Daisy.", - "michaelmases": null, - "micheal": null, - "michel": null, - "michelangelo": null, - "michele": null, - "michelin": null, - "michelle": null, - "michelob": null, - "michelson": null, - "michigan": null, - "michigander": null, - "michiganders": null, - "michiganite": null, "mick": null, "mickey": null, "mickeys": null, - "mickie": null, "micks": null, - "micky": null, - "micmac": null, - "micmacs": "A tribe of Indians inhabiting Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. [Written also Mikmaks.]", "micro": null, "microaggression": null, "microaggressions": null, @@ -47960,8 +41804,6 @@ "micrometer": "An instrument, used with a telescope or microscope, for measuring minute distances, or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend minute angles. The measurement given directly is that of the image of the object formed at the focus of the object glass. Circular, or Ring, micrometer, a metallic ring fixed in the focus of the object glass of a telescope, and used to determine differences of right ascension and declination between stars by observations of the times at which the stars cross the inner or outer periphery of the ring. -- Double image micrometer, a micrometer in which two images of an object are formed in the field, usually by the two halves of a bisected lens which are movable along their line of section by a screw, and distances are determined by the number of screw revolutions necessary to bring the points to be measured into optical coincidence. When the two images are formed by a bisected objects glass, it is called a divided-object-glass micrometer, and when the instrument is large and equatorially mounted, it is known as a heliometer. -- Double refraction micrometer, a species of double image micrometer, in which the two images are formed by the double refraction of rock crystal. -- Filar, or Bifilar, micrometer. See under Bifilar. -- Micrometer caliper or gauge (Mech.), a caliper or gauge with a micrometer screw, for measuring dimensions with great accuracy. -- Micrometer head, the head of a micrometer screw. -- Micrometer microscope, a compound microscope combined with a filar micrometer, used chiefly for reading and subdividing the divisions of large astronomical and geodetical instruments. -- Micrometer screw, a screw with a graduated head used in some forms of micrometers. -- Position micrometer. See under Position. -- Scale, or Linear, micrometer, a minute and very delicately graduated scale of equal parts used in the field of a telescope or microscope, for measuring distances by direct comparison.", "micrometers": "An instrument, used with a telescope or microscope, for measuring minute distances, or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend minute angles. The measurement given directly is that of the image of the object formed at the focus of the object glass. Circular, or Ring, micrometer, a metallic ring fixed in the focus of the object glass of a telescope, and used to determine differences of right ascension and declination between stars by observations of the times at which the stars cross the inner or outer periphery of the ring. -- Double image micrometer, a micrometer in which two images of an object are formed in the field, usually by the two halves of a bisected lens which are movable along their line of section by a screw, and distances are determined by the number of screw revolutions necessary to bring the points to be measured into optical coincidence. When the two images are formed by a bisected objects glass, it is called a divided-object-glass micrometer, and when the instrument is large and equatorially mounted, it is known as a heliometer. -- Double refraction micrometer, a species of double image micrometer, in which the two images are formed by the double refraction of rock crystal. -- Filar, or Bifilar, micrometer. See under Bifilar. -- Micrometer caliper or gauge (Mech.), a caliper or gauge with a micrometer screw, for measuring dimensions with great accuracy. -- Micrometer head, the head of a micrometer screw. -- Micrometer microscope, a compound microscope combined with a filar micrometer, used chiefly for reading and subdividing the divisions of large astronomical and geodetical instruments. -- Micrometer screw, a screw with a graduated head used in some forms of micrometers. -- Position micrometer. See under Position. -- Scale, or Linear, micrometer, a minute and very delicately graduated scale of equal parts used in the field of a telescope or microscope, for measuring distances by direct comparison.", "micron": "A measure of length; the thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter.", - "micronesia": null, - "micronesian": "Of or pertaining to Micronesia, a collective designation of the islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, embracing the Marshall and Gilbert groups, the Ladrones, the Carolines, etc.", "microns": "A measure of length; the thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter.", "microorganism": "Any microscopic form of life; -- particularly applied to bacteria and similar organisms, esp. such are supposed to cause infectious diseases.", "microorganisms": "Any microscopic form of life; -- particularly applied to bacteria and similar organisms, esp. such are supposed to cause infectious diseases.", @@ -47979,7 +41821,6 @@ "microscopy": "The use of the microscope; investigation with the microscope.", "microsecond": null, "microseconds": null, - "microsoft": null, "microsurgery": null, "microwavable": null, "microwave": null, @@ -47990,7 +41831,6 @@ "mics": null, "mid": "1. Denoting the middle part; as, in mid ocean. No more the mounting larks, while Daphne sings, Shall list'ning in mid air suspend their wings. Pope. 2. Occupying a middle position; middle; as, the mid finger; the mid hour of night. 3. (Phon.) Made with a somewhat elevated position of some certain part of the tongue, in relation to the palate; midway between the high and the low; -- said of certain vowel sounds; as, a (ale), ê (êll), o (old). See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11. Note: Mid is much used as a prefix, or combining form, denoting the middle or middle part of a thing; as, mid-air, mid-channel, mid-age, midday, midland, etc. Also, specifically, in geometry, to denote a circle inscribed in a triangle (a midcircle), or relation to such a circle; as, mid-center, midradius.\n\nMiddle. [Obs.] About the mid of night come to my tent. Shak.\n\nSee Amid.", "midair": null, - "midas": "A genus of longeared South American monkeys, including numerous species of marmosets. See Marmoset. MIDAS'S EAR Mi\"das's ear\". Etym: [See Midas.] (Zoöl.) A pulmonate mollusk (Auricula, or Ellobium, aurismidæ); -- so called from resemblance to a human ear.", "midday": "The middle part of the day; noon.\n\nOf or pertaining to noon; meridional; as, the midday sun.", "midden": "1. A dunghill. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An accumulation of refuse about a dwelling place; especially, an accumulation of shells or of cinders, bones, and other refuse on the supposed site of the dwelling places of prehistoric tribes, -- as on the shores of the Baltic Sea and in many other places. See Kitchen middens.", "middens": "1. A dunghill. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An accumulation of refuse about a dwelling place; especially, an accumulation of shells or of cinders, bones, and other refuse on the supposed site of the dwelling places of prehistoric tribes, -- as on the shores of the Baltic Sea and in many other places. See Kitchen middens.", @@ -48002,14 +41842,10 @@ "middlemen": null, "middlemost": "Being in the middle, or nearest the middle; midmost.", "middles": "1. Equally distant from the extreme either of a number of things or of one thing; mean; medial; as, the middle house in a row; a middle rank or station in life; flowers of middle summer; men of middle age. 2. Intermediate; intervening. Will, seeking good, finds many middle ends. Sir J. Davies. Note: Middle is sometimes used in the formation of selfexplaining compounds; as, middle-sized, middle-witted. Middle Ages, the period of time intervening between the decline of the Roman Empire and the revival of letters. Hallam regards it as beginning with the sixth and ending with the fifteenth century. -- Middle class, in England, people who have an intermediate position between the aristocracy and the artisan class. It includes professional men, bankers, merchants, and small landed proprietors The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold. -- Middle distance. (Paint.) See Middle-ground. -- Middle English. See English, n., 2. -- Middle Kingdom, China. -- Middle oil (Chem.), that part of the distillate obtained from coal tar which passes over between 170º and 230º Centigrade; -- distinguished from the light, and the heavy or dead, oil. -- Middle passage, in the slave trade, that part of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the West Indies. -- Middle post. (Arch.) Same as King-post. -- Middle States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; which, at the time of the formation of the Union, occupied a middle position between the Eastern States (or New England) and the Southern States. [U.S.] -- Middle term (Logic), that term of a syllogism with which the two extremes are separately compared, and by means of which they are brought together in the conclusion. Brande. -- Middle tint (Paint.), a subdued or neutral tint. Fairholt. -- Middle voice. (Gram.) See under Voice. -- Middle watch, the period from midnight to four A. M.; also, the men on watch during that time. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Middle weight, a pugilist, boxer, or wrestler classed as of medium weight, i. e., over 140 and not over 160 lbs., in distinction from those classed as light weights, heavy weights, etc.\n\nThe point or part equally distant from the extremities or exterior limits, as of a line, a surface, or a solid; an intervening point or part in space, time, or order of series; the midst; central portion; specif., the waist. Chaucer. \"The middle of the land.\" Judg. ix. 37. In this, as in most questions of state, there is a middle. Burke. Syn. -- See Midst.", - "middleton": null, - "middletown": null, "middleweight": null, "middleweights": null, "middling": "Of middle rank, state, size, or quality; about equally distant from the extremes; medium; moderate; mediocre; ordinary. \"A town of but middling size.\" Hallam. Plainly furnished, as beseemed the middling circumstances of its inhabitants. Hawthorne. -- Mid\"dling*ly, adv. -- Mid\"dling*ness, n.", "middy": "A colloquial abbreviation of midshipman.", - "mideast": null, - "mideastern": null, "midfield": null, "midfielder": null, "midfielders": null, @@ -48046,9 +41882,6 @@ "midways": "The middle of the way or distance; a middle way or course. Shak. Paths indirect, or in the midway faint. Milton.\n\nBeing in the middle of the way or distance; as, the midway air. Shak.\n\nIn the middle of the way or distance; half way. \"She met his glance midway.\" Dryden.", "midweek": "The middle of the week. Also used adjectively.", "midweeks": "The middle of the week. Also used adjectively.", - "midwest": null, - "midwestern": null, - "midwesterner": null, "midwife": "A woman who assists other women in childbirth; a female practitioner of the obstetric art.\n\nTo assist in childbirth.\n\nTo perform the office of midwife.", "midwifed": null, "midwiferies": null, @@ -48065,7 +41898,6 @@ "miffed": null, "miffing": null, "miffs": "A petty falling out; a tiff; a quarrel; offense. Fielding.\n\nTo offend slightly. [Colloq.]", - "mig": null, "might": "imp. of May. Etym: [AS. meahte, mihte.]\n\nForce or power of any kind, whether of body or mind; energy or intensity of purpose, feeling, or action; means or resources to effect an object; strength; force; power; ability; capacity. What so strong, But wanting rest, will also want of might Spenser. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. Deut. vi. 5. With might and main. See under 2d Main.", "mightier": null, "mightiest": null, @@ -48085,21 +41917,15 @@ "migration": "The act of migrating.", "migrations": "The act of migrating.", "migratory": "1. Removing regularly or occasionally from one region or climate to another; as, migratory birds. 2. Hence, roving; wandering; nomad; as, migratory habits; a migratory life. Migratory locust (Zoöl.) See Locust. -- Migratory thrush (Zoöl.), the American robin. See Robin.", - "miguel": null, "mikado": "The popular designation of the hereditary sovereign of Japan.", "mikados": "The popular designation of the hereditary sovereign of Japan.", "mike": null, "miked": null, "mikes": null, - "mikhail": null, "miking": null, - "mikoyan": null, "mil": null, "miladies": null, "milady": "Lit., my lady; hence (as used on the Continent), an English noblewoman or gentlewoman.", - "milagros": null, - "milan": null, - "milanese": "Of or pertaining to Milan in Italy, or to its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Milan; people of Milan.", "milch": "1. Giving milk; -- now applied only to beasts. \"Milch camels.\" Gen. xxxii. \"Milch kine.\" Shak. 2. Tender; pitiful; weeping. [Obs.] Shak.", "mild": "Gentle; pleasant; kind; soft; bland; clement; hence, moderate in degree or quality; -- the opposite of harsh, severe, irritating, violent, disagreeable, etc.; -- applied to persons and things; as, a mild disposition; a mild eye; a mild air; a mild medicine; a mild insanity. The rosy morn resigns her light And milder glory to the noon. Waller. Adore him as a mild and merciful Being. Rogers. Mild, or Low, steel, steel that has but little carbon in it and is not readily hardened. Syn. -- Soft; gentle; bland; calm; tranquil; soothing; pleasant; placid; meek; kind; tender; indulgent; clement; mollifying; lenitive; assuasive. See Gentle.", "milder": null, @@ -48110,7 +41936,6 @@ "mildews": "A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.\n\nTo taint with mildew. He... mildews the white wheat. Shak.\n\nTo become tainted with mildew.", "mildly": "In a mild manner.", "mildness": "The quality or state of being mild; as, mildness of temper; the mildness of the winter.", - "mildred": null, "mile": "A certain measure of distance, being equivalent in England and the United States to 320 poles or rods, or 5,280 feet. Note: The distance called a mile varies greatly in different countries. Its length in yards is, in Norway, 12,182; in Brunswick, 11,816; in Sweden, 11,660; in Hungary, 9,139; in Switzerland, 8,548; in Austria, 8,297; in Prussia, 8,238; in Poland, 8,100; in Italy, 2,025; in England and the United States, 1,760; in Spain, 1,552; in the Netherlands, 1,094. Geographical, or Nautical mile, one sixtieth of a degree of a great circle of the earth, or 6080.27 feet. -- Mile run. Same as Train mile. See under Train. -- Roman mile, a thousand paces, equal to 1,614 yards English measure. -- Statute mile, a mile conforming to statute, that is, in England and the United States, a mile of 5,280 feet, as distinguished from any other mile.", "mileage": "1. An allowance for traveling expenses at a certain rate per mile. 2. Aggregate length or distance in miles; esp., the sum of lengths of tracks or wires of a railroad company, telegraph company, etc. [Written also milage.] Constructive mileage, a mileage allowed for journeys supposed to be made, but not actually made. Bartlett.", "mileages": "1. An allowance for traveling expenses at a certain rate per mile. 2. Aggregate length or distance in miles; esp., the sum of lengths of tracks or wires of a railroad company, telegraph company, etc. [Written also milage.] Constructive mileage, a mileage allowed for journeys supposed to be made, but not actually made. Bartlett.", @@ -48122,7 +41947,6 @@ "milestone": "A stone serving the same purpose as a milepost.", "milestones": "A stone serving the same purpose as a milepost.", "milf": null, - "milford": null, "milfs": null, "milieu": "Environment. The intellectual and moral milieu created by multitudes of self- centered, cultivated personalities. J. A. Symonds. It is one of the great outstanding facts of his progressive relation to the elements of his social milieu. J. M. Baldwin.", "milieus": "Environment. The intellectual and moral milieu created by multitudes of self- centered, cultivated personalities. J. A. Symonds. It is one of the great outstanding facts of his progressive relation to the elements of his social milieu. J. M. Baldwin.", @@ -48151,7 +41975,6 @@ "militias": "1. In the widest sense, the whole military force of a nation, including both those engaged in military service as a business, and those competent and available for such service; specifically, the body of citizens enrolled for military instruction and discipline, but not subject to be called into actual service except in emergencies. The king's captains and soldiers fight his battles, and yet... the power of the militia is he. Jer. Taylor. 2. Military service; warfare. [Obs.] Baxter.", "milk": "1. (Physiol.) A white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young, consisting of minute globules of fat suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, milk sugar, and inorganic salts. \"White as morne milk.\" Chaucer. 2. (Bot.) A kind of juice or sap, usually white in color, found in certain plants; latex. See Latex. 3. An emulsion made by bruising seeds; as, the milk of almonds, produced by pounding almonds with sugar and water. 4. (Zoöl.) The ripe, undischarged spat of an oyster. Condensed milk. See under Condense, v. t. -- Milk crust (Med.), vesicular eczema occurring on the face and scalp of nursing infants. See Eczema. -- Milk fever. (a) (Med.) A fever which accompanies or precedes the first lactation. It is usually transitory. (b) (Vet. Surg.) A form puerperal peritonitis in cattle; also, a variety of meningitis occurring in cows after calving. -- Milk glass, glass having a milky appearance. -- Milk knot (Med.), a hard lump forming in the breast of a nursing woman, due to obstruction to the flow of milk and congestion of the mammary glands. -- Milk leg (Med.), a swollen condition of the leg, usually in puerperal women, caused by an inflammation of veins, and characterized by a white appearance occasioned by an accumulation of serum and sometimes of pus in the cellular tissue. -- Milk meats, food made from milk, as butter and cheese. [Obs.] Bailey. -- Milk mirror. Same as Escutcheon, 2. -- Milk molar (Anat.), one of the deciduous molar teeth which are shed and replaced by the premolars. -- Milk of lime (Chem.), a watery emulsion of calcium hydrate, produced by macerating quicklime in water. -- Milk parsley (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Peucedanum palustre) of Europe and Asia, having a milky juice. -- Milk pea (Bot.), a genus (Galactia) of leguminous and, usually, twining plants. -- Milk sickness (Med.), a peculiar malignant disease, occurring in some parts of the Western United States, and affecting certain kinds of farm stock (esp. cows), and persons who make use of the meat or dairy products of infected cattle. Its chief symptoms in man are uncontrollable vomiting, obstinate constipation, pain, and muscular tremors. Its origin in cattle has been variously ascribed to the presence of certain plants in their food, and to polluted drinking water. -- Milk snake (Zoöl.), a harmless American snake (Ophibolus triangulus, or O. eximius). It is variously marked with white, gray, and red. Called also milk adder, chicken snake, house snake, etc. -- Milk sugar. (Physiol. Chem.) See Lactose, and Sugar of milk (below). -- Milk thistle (Bot.), an esculent European thistle (Silybum marianum), having the veins of its leaves of a milky whiteness. -- Milk thrush. (Med.) See Thrush. -- Milk tooth (Anat.), one of the temporary first set of teeth in young mammals; in man there are twenty. -- Milk tree (Bot.), a tree yielding a milky juice, as the cow tree of South America (Brosimum Galactodendron), and the Euphorbia balsamifera of the Canaries, the milk of both of which is wholesome food. -- Milk vessel (Bot.), a special cell in the inner bark of a plant, or a series of cells, in which the milky juice is contained. See Latex. -- Rock milk. See Agaric mineral, under Agaric. -- Sugar of milk. The sugar characteristic of milk; a hard white crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained by evaporation of the whey of milk. It is used in pellets and powder as a vehicle for homeopathic medicines, and as an article of diet. See Lactose.\n\n1. To draw or press milk from the breasts or udder of, by the hand or mouth; to withdraw the milk of. \"Milking the kine.\" Gay. I have given suck, and know How tender 't is to love the babe that milks me. Shak. 2. To draw from the breasts or udder; to extract, as milk; as, to milk wholesome milk from healthy cows. 3. To draw anything from, as if by milking; to compel to yield profit or advantage; to plunder. Tyndale. They [the lawyers] milk an unfortunate estate as regularly as a dairyman does his stock. London Spectator. To milk the street, to squeeze the smaller operators in stocks and extract a profit from them, by alternately raising and depressing prices within a short range; -- said of the large dealers. [Cant] -- To milk a telegram, to use for one's own advantage the contents of a telegram belonging to another person. [Cant]\n\nTo draw or to yield milk.", "milked": null, - "milken": "Consisting of milk. [Obs.]", "milker": "1. One who milks; also, a mechanical apparatus for milking cows. 2. A cow or other animal that gives milk.", "milkers": "1. One who milks; also, a mechanical apparatus for milking cows. 2. A cow or other animal that gives milk.", "milkier": null, @@ -48172,8 +41995,6 @@ "milky": "1. Consisting of, or containing, milk. Pails high foaming with a milky flood. Pope. 2. Like, or somewhat like, milk; whitish and turbid; as, the water is milky. \"Milky juice.\" Arbuthnot. 3. Yielding milk. \"Milky mothers.\" Roscommon. 4. Mild; tame; spiritless. Has friendship such a faint and milky heart Shak. Milky Way. (Astron.) See Galaxy, 1.", "mill": "A money of account of the United States, having the value of the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a dollar.\n\n1. A machine for grinding or commuting any substance, as grain, by rubbing and crushing it between two hard, rough, or intented surfaces; as, a gristmill, a coffee mill; a bone mill. 2. A machine used for expelling the juice, sap, etc., from vegetable tissues by pressure, or by pressure in combination with a grinding, or cutting process; as, a cider mill; a cane mill. 3. A machine for grinding and polishing; as, a lapidary mill. 4. A common name for various machines which produce a manufactured product, or change the form of a raw material by the continuous repetition of some simple action; as, a sawmill; a stamping mill, etc. 5. A building or collection of buildings with machinery by which the processes of manufacturing are carried on; as, a cotton mill; a powder mill; a rolling mill. 6. (Die Sinking) A hardened steel roller having a design in relief, used for imprinting a reversed copy of the design in a softer metal, as copper. 7. (Mining) (a) An excavation in rock, transverse to the workings, from which material for filling is obtained. (b) A passage underground through which ore is shot. 8. A milling cutter. See Illust. under Milling. 9. A pugilistic. [Cant] R. D. Blackmore. Edge mill, Flint mill, etc. See under Edge, Flint, etc. -- Mill bar (Iron Works), a rough bar rolled or drawn directly from a bloom or puddle bar for conversion into merchant iron in the mill. -- Mill cinder, slag from a puddling furnace. -- Mill head, the head of water employed to turn the wheel of a mill. -- Mill pick, a pick for dressing millstones. -- Mill pond, a pond that supplies the water for a mill. -- Mill race, the canal in which water is conveyed to a mill wheel, or the current of water which drives the wheel. -- Mill tail, the water which flows from a mill wheel after turning it, or the channel in which the water flows. -- Mill tooth, a grinder or molar tooth. -- Mill wheel, the water wheel that drives the machinery of a mill. -- Roller mill, a mill in which flour or meal is made by crushing grain between rollers. -- Stamp mill (Mining), a mill in which ore is crushed by stamps. -- To go through the mill, to experience the suffering or discipline necessary to bring one to a certain degree of knowledge or skill, or to a certain mental state.\n\n1. To reduce to fine particles, or to small pieces, in a mill; to grind; to comminute. 2. To shape, finish, or transform by passing through a machine; specifically, to shape or dress, as metal, by means of a rotary cutter. 3. To make a raised border around the edges of, or to cut fine grooves or indentations across the edges of, as of a coin, or a screw head; also, to stamp in a coining press; to coin. 4. To pass through a fulling mill; to full, as cloth. 5. To beat with the fists. [Cant] Thackeray. 6. To roll into bars, as steel. To mill chocolate, to make it frothy, as by churning.\n\nTo swim under water; -- said of air-breathing creatures.", "millage": null, - "millard": null, - "millay": null, "milled": "Having been subjected to some process of milling. Milled cloth, cloth that has been beaten in a fulling mill. -- Milled lead, lead rolled into sheets.", "millennia": null, "millennial": "Of or pertaining to the millennium, or to a thousand years; as, a millennial period; millennial happiness.", @@ -48186,11 +42007,8 @@ "milliards": "A thousand millions; -- called also billion. See Billion.", "millibar": null, "millibars": null, - "millicent": null, - "millie": null, "milligram": "A measure of weight, in the metric system, being the thousandth part of a gram, equal to the weight of a cubic millimeter of water, or .01543 of a grain avoirdupois.", "milligrams": "A measure of weight, in the metric system, being the thousandth part of a gram, equal to the weight of a cubic millimeter of water, or .01543 of a grain avoirdupois.", - "millikan": null, "milliliter": "A measure of capacity in the metric system, containing the thousandth part of a liter. It is a cubic centimeter, and is equal to .061 of an English cubic inch, or to .0338 of an American fluid ounce.", "milliliters": "A measure of capacity in the metric system, containing the thousandth part of a liter. It is a cubic centimeter, and is equal to .061 of an English cubic inch, or to .0338 of an American fluid ounce.", "millimeter": "A lineal measure in the metric system, containing the thousandth part of a meter; equal to .03937 of an inch. See 3d Meter.", @@ -48223,24 +42041,15 @@ "millstreams": null, "millwright": "A mechanic whose occupation is to build mills, or to set up their machinery.", "millwrights": "A mechanic whose occupation is to build mills, or to set up their machinery.", - "milne": null, - "milo": null, "milometer": null, "milometers": null, - "milosevic": null, "milquetoast": null, "milquetoasts": null, "mils": null, "milt": "The spleen.\n\n(a) The spermatic fluid of fishes. (b) The testes, or spermaries, of fishes when filled with spermatozoa.\n\nTo impregnate (the roe of a fish) with milt.", "milted": null, - "miltiades": null, "milting": null, - "milton": null, - "miltonian": "Miltonic. Lowell.", - "miltonic": "Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Milton, or his writings; as, Miltonic prose.", - "miltown": null, "milts": "The spleen.\n\n(a) The spermatic fluid of fishes. (b) The testes, or spermaries, of fishes when filled with spermatozoa.\n\nTo impregnate (the roe of a fish) with milt.", - "milwaukee": null, "mime": "1. A kind of drama in which real persons and events were generally represented in a ridiculous manner. 2. An actor in such representations.\n\nTo mimic. [Obs.] -- Mim\"er, n.", "mimed": null, "mimeograph": "An autographic stencil copying device invented by Edison.", @@ -48249,7 +42058,6 @@ "mimeographs": "An autographic stencil copying device invented by Edison.", "mimes": "1. A kind of drama in which real persons and events were generally represented in a ridiculous manner. 2. An actor in such representations.\n\nTo mimic. [Obs.] -- Mim\"er, n.", "mimetic": "1. Apt to imitate; given to mimicry; imitative. 2. (Biol.) Characterized by mimicry; -- applied to animals and plants; as, mimetic species; mimetic organisms. See Mimicry.", - "mimi": null, "mimic": "1. Imitative; mimetic. Oft, in her absence, mimic fancy wakes To imitate her. Milton. Man is, of all creatures, the most mimical. W. Wotton. 2. Consisting of, or formed by, imitation; imitated; as, mimic gestures. \"Mimic hootings.\" Wordsworth. 3. (Min.) Imitative; characterized by resemblance to other forms; -- applied to crystals which by twinning resemble simple forms of a higher grade of symmetry. Note: Mimic often implies something droll or ludicrous, and is less dignified than imitative. Mimic beetle (Zoöl.), a beetle that feigns death when disturbed, esp. the species of Hister and allied genera.\n\nOne who imitates or mimics, especially one who does so for sport; a copyist; a buffoon. Burke.\n\n1. To imitate or ape for sport; to ridicule by imitation. The walk, the words, the gesture, could supply, The habit mimic, and the mien belie. Dryden. 2. (Biol.) To assume a resemblance to (some other organism of a totally different nature, or some surrounding object), as a means of protection or advantage. Syn. -- To ape; imitate; counterfeit; mock.", "mimicked": null, "mimicker": "1. One who mimics; a mimic. 2. (Zoöl.) An animal which imitates something else, in form or habits.", @@ -48262,7 +42070,6 @@ "mimosa": "A genus of leguminous plants, containing many species, and including the sensitive plants (Mimosa sensitiva, and M. pudica). Note: The term mimosa is also applied in commerce to several kinds bark imported from Australia, and used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark. Tomlinson.", "mimosas": "A genus of leguminous plants, containing many species, and including the sensitive plants (Mimosa sensitiva, and M. pudica). Note: The term mimosa is also applied in commerce to several kinds bark imported from Australia, and used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark. Tomlinson.", "min": null, - "minamoto": null, "minaret": "A slender, lofty tower attached to a mosque and surrounded by one or more projecting balconies, from which the summon to prayer is cried by the muezzin.", "minarets": "A slender, lofty tower attached to a mosque and surrounded by one or more projecting balconies, from which the summon to prayer is cried by the muezzin.", "minatory": "Threatening; menacing. Bacon.", @@ -48274,7 +42081,6 @@ "minces": "1. To cut into very small pieces; to chop fine; to hash; as, to mince meat. Bacon. 2. To suppress or weaken the force of; to extenuate; to palliate; to tell by degrees, instead of directly and frankly; to clip, as words or expressions; to utter half and keep back half of. I know no ways to mince it in love, but directly to say -- \"I love you.\" Shak. Siren, now mince the sin, And mollify damnation with a phrase. Dryden. If, to mince his meaning, I had either omitted some part of what he said, or taken from the strength of his expression, I certainly had wronged him. Dryden. 3. To affect; to make a parade of. [R.] Shak.\n\n1. To walk with short steps; to walk in a prim, affected manner. The daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton eyes,... mincing as they go. Is. iii. 16. I 'll... turn two mincing steps Into a manly stride. Shak. 2. To act or talk with affected nicety; to affect delicacy in manner.\n\nA short, precise step; an affected manner.", "mincing": "That minces; characterized by primness or affected nicety.", "mind": "1. The intellectual or rational faculty in man; the understanding; the intellect; the power that conceives, judges, or reasons; also, the entire spiritual nature; the soul; -- often in distinction from the body. By the mind of man we understand that in him which thinks, remembers, reasons, wills. Reid. What we mean by mind is simply that which perceives, thinks, feels, wills, and desires. Sir W. Hamilton. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. Rom. xiv. 5. The mind shall banquet, though the body pine. Shak. 2. The state, at any given time, of the faculties of thinking, willing, choosing, and the like; psychical activity or state; as: (a) Opinion; judgment; belief. A fool uttereth all his mind. Prov. xxix. 11. Being so hard to me that brought your mind, I fear she'll prove as hard to you in telling her mind. Shak. (b) Choice; inclination; liking; intent; will. If it be your minds, then let none go forth. 2 Kings ix. 15. (c) Courage; spirit. Chapman. 3. Memory; remembrance; recollection; as, to have or keep in mind, to call to mind, to put in mind, etc. To have a mind or great mind, to be inclined or strongly inclined in purpose; -- used with an infinitive. \"Sir Roger de Coverly... told me that he had a great mind to see the new tragedy with me.\" Addison. -- To lose one's mind, to become insane, or imbecile. -- To make up one's mind, to come to an opinion or decision; to determine. -- To put in mind, to remind. \"Regard us simply as putting you in mind of what you already know to be good policy.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ).\n\n1. To fix the mind or thoughts on; to regard with attention; to treat as of consequence; to consider; to heed; to mark; to note. \"Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate.\" Rom. xii. 16. My lord, you nod: you do not mind the play. Shak. 2. To occupy one's self with; to employ one's self about; to attend to; as, to mind one's business. Bidding him be a good child, and mind his book. Addison. 3. To obey; as, to mind parents; the dog minds his master. 4. To have in mind; to purpose. Beaconsfield. I mind to tell him plainly what I think. Shak. 5. To put in mind; to remind. [Archaic] M. Arnold. He minded them of the mutability of all earthly things. Fuller. I do thee wrong to mind thee of it. Shak. Never mind, do not regard it; it is of no consequence; no matter. Syn. -- To notice; mark; regard; obey. See Attend.\n\nTo give attention or heed; to obey; as, the dog minds well.", - "mindanao": null, "mindbogglingly": null, "minded": "Disposed; inclined; having a mind. Joseph... was minded to put her away privily. Matt. i. 19. If men were minded to live virtuously. Tillotson. Note: Minded is much used in composition; as, high-minded, feeble- minded, sober-minded, double-minded.", "mindedness": null, @@ -48287,11 +42093,9 @@ "mindless": "1. Not indued with mind or intellectual powers; stupid; unthinking. 2. Unmindful; inattentive; heedless; careless. Cursed Athens, mindless of thy worth. Shak.", "mindlessly": null, "mindlessness": null, - "mindoro": null, "minds": "1. The intellectual or rational faculty in man; the understanding; the intellect; the power that conceives, judges, or reasons; also, the entire spiritual nature; the soul; -- often in distinction from the body. By the mind of man we understand that in him which thinks, remembers, reasons, wills. Reid. What we mean by mind is simply that which perceives, thinks, feels, wills, and desires. Sir W. Hamilton. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. Rom. xiv. 5. The mind shall banquet, though the body pine. Shak. 2. The state, at any given time, of the faculties of thinking, willing, choosing, and the like; psychical activity or state; as: (a) Opinion; judgment; belief. A fool uttereth all his mind. Prov. xxix. 11. Being so hard to me that brought your mind, I fear she'll prove as hard to you in telling her mind. Shak. (b) Choice; inclination; liking; intent; will. If it be your minds, then let none go forth. 2 Kings ix. 15. (c) Courage; spirit. Chapman. 3. Memory; remembrance; recollection; as, to have or keep in mind, to call to mind, to put in mind, etc. To have a mind or great mind, to be inclined or strongly inclined in purpose; -- used with an infinitive. \"Sir Roger de Coverly... told me that he had a great mind to see the new tragedy with me.\" Addison. -- To lose one's mind, to become insane, or imbecile. -- To make up one's mind, to come to an opinion or decision; to determine. -- To put in mind, to remind. \"Regard us simply as putting you in mind of what you already know to be good policy.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ).\n\n1. To fix the mind or thoughts on; to regard with attention; to treat as of consequence; to consider; to heed; to mark; to note. \"Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate.\" Rom. xii. 16. My lord, you nod: you do not mind the play. Shak. 2. To occupy one's self with; to employ one's self about; to attend to; as, to mind one's business. Bidding him be a good child, and mind his book. Addison. 3. To obey; as, to mind parents; the dog minds his master. 4. To have in mind; to purpose. Beaconsfield. I mind to tell him plainly what I think. Shak. 5. To put in mind; to remind. [Archaic] M. Arnold. He minded them of the mutability of all earthly things. Fuller. I do thee wrong to mind thee of it. Shak. Never mind, do not regard it; it is of no consequence; no matter. Syn. -- To notice; mark; regard; obey. See Attend.\n\nTo give attention or heed; to obey; as, the dog minds well.", "mindset": null, "mindsets": null, - "mindy": null, "mine": "See Mien. [Obs.]\n\nBelonging to me; my. Used as a pronominal to me; my. Used as a pronominal adjective in the predicate; as, \"Vengeance is mine; I will repay.\" Rom. xii. 19. Also, in the old style, used attributively, instead of my, before a noun beginning with a vowel. I kept myself from mine iniquity. Ps. xviii. 23. Note: Mine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood; as, his son is in the army, mine in the navy. When a man deceives me once, says the Italian proverb, it is his fault; when twice, it is mine. Bp. Horne. This title honors me and mine. Shak. She shall have me and mine. Shak.\n\n1. To dig a mine or pit in the earth; to get ore, metals, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth; to dig in the earth for minerals; to dig a passage or cavity under anything in order to overthrow it by explosives or otherwise. 2. To form subterraneous tunnel or hole; to form a burrow or lodge in the earth; as, the mining cony.\n\n1. To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of; to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret means. They mined the walls. Hayward. Too lazy to cut down these immense trees, the spoilers... had mined them, and placed a quantity of gunpowder in the cavity. Sir W. Scott. 2. To dig into, for ore or metal. Lead veins have been traced... but they have not been mined. Ure. 3. To get, as metals, out of the earth by digging. The principal ore mined there is the bituminous cinnabar. Ure.\n\n1. A subterranean cavity or passage; especially: (a) A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores, precious stones, coal, or other mineral substances are taken by digging; -- distinguished from the pits from which stones for architectural purposes are taken, and which are called quarries. (b) (Mil.) A cavity or tunnel made under a fortification or other work, for the purpose of blowing up the superstructure with some explosive agent. 2. Any place where ore, metals, or precious stones are got by digging or washing the soil; as, a placer mine.gold mine 3. Fig.: A rich source of wealth or other good. Shak. Mine dial, a form of magnetic compass used by miners. -- Mine pig, pig iron made wholly from ore; in distinction from cinder pig, which is made from ore mixed with forge or mill cinder. Raymond.", "mined": null, "minefield": null, @@ -48304,17 +42108,14 @@ "mineralogy": "1. The science which treats of minerals, and teaches how to describe, distinguish, and classify them. 2. A treatise or book on this science.", "minerals": "1. An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple minerals or aggregates of minerals. 2. A mine. [Obs.] Shak. 3. Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most general classification of things into three kingdoms (animal, vegetable, and mineral).\n\n1. Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of minerals; as, a mineral substance. 2. Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters. Mineral acids (Chem.), inorganic acids, as sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, acids, etc., as distinguished from the organic acids. -- Mineral blue, the name usually given to azurite, when reduced to an impalpable powder for coloring purposes. -- Mineral candle, a candle made of paraffine. -- Mineral caoutchouc, an elastic mineral pitch, a variety of bitumen, resembling caoutchouc in elasticity and softness. See Caoutchouc, and Elaterite. -- Mineral chameleon (Chem.) See Chameleon mineral, under Chameleon. -- Mineral charcoal. See under Charcoal. -- Mineral cotton. See Mineral wool (below). -- Mineral green, a green carbonate of copper; malachite. -- Mineral kingdom (Nat. Sci.), that one of the three grand divisions of nature which embraces all inorganic objects, as distinguished from plants or animals. -- Mineral oil. See Naphtha, and Petroleum. -- Mineral paint, a pigment made chiefly of some natural mineral substance, as red or yellow iron ocher. -- Mineral patch. See Bitumen, and Asphalt. -- Mineral right, the right of taking minerals from land. -- Mineral salt (Chem.), a salt of a mineral acid. -- Mineral tallow, a familiar name for hatchettite, from its fatty or spermaceti-like appearance. -- Mineral water. See under Water. -- Mineral wax. See Ozocerite. -- Mineral wool, a fibrous wool-like material, made by blowing a powerful jet of air or steam through melted slag. It is a poor conductor of heat.", "miners": "1. One who mines; a digger for metals, etc.; one engaged in the business of getting ore, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth; one who digs military mines; as, armies have sappers and miners. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any of numerous insects which, in the larval state, excavate galleries in the parenchyma of leaves. They are mostly minute moths and dipterous flies. (b) The chattering, or garrulous, honey eater of Australia (Myzantha garrula). Miner's elbow (Med.), a swelling on the black of the elbow due to inflammation of the bursa over the olecranon; -- so called because of frequent occurrence in miners. -- Miner's inch, in hydraulic mining, the amount of water flowing under a given pressure in a given time through a hole one inch in diameter. It is a unit for measuring the quantity of water supplied.", - "minerva": "The goddess of wisdom, of war, of the arts and sciences, of poetry, and of spinning and weaving; -- identified with the Grecian Pallas Athene.", "mines": "See Mien. [Obs.]\n\nBelonging to me; my. Used as a pronominal to me; my. Used as a pronominal adjective in the predicate; as, \"Vengeance is mine; I will repay.\" Rom. xii. 19. Also, in the old style, used attributively, instead of my, before a noun beginning with a vowel. I kept myself from mine iniquity. Ps. xviii. 23. Note: Mine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood; as, his son is in the army, mine in the navy. When a man deceives me once, says the Italian proverb, it is his fault; when twice, it is mine. Bp. Horne. This title honors me and mine. Shak. She shall have me and mine. Shak.\n\n1. To dig a mine or pit in the earth; to get ore, metals, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth; to dig in the earth for minerals; to dig a passage or cavity under anything in order to overthrow it by explosives or otherwise. 2. To form subterraneous tunnel or hole; to form a burrow or lodge in the earth; as, the mining cony.\n\n1. To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of; to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret means. They mined the walls. Hayward. Too lazy to cut down these immense trees, the spoilers... had mined them, and placed a quantity of gunpowder in the cavity. Sir W. Scott. 2. To dig into, for ore or metal. Lead veins have been traced... but they have not been mined. Ure. 3. To get, as metals, out of the earth by digging. The principal ore mined there is the bituminous cinnabar. Ure.\n\n1. A subterranean cavity or passage; especially: (a) A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores, precious stones, coal, or other mineral substances are taken by digging; -- distinguished from the pits from which stones for architectural purposes are taken, and which are called quarries. (b) (Mil.) A cavity or tunnel made under a fortification or other work, for the purpose of blowing up the superstructure with some explosive agent. 2. Any place where ore, metals, or precious stones are got by digging or washing the soil; as, a placer mine.gold mine 3. Fig.: A rich source of wealth or other good. Shak. Mine dial, a form of magnetic compass used by miners. -- Mine pig, pig iron made wholly from ore; in distinction from cinder pig, which is made from ore mixed with forge or mill cinder. Raymond.", "minestrone": null, "minesweeper": null, "minesweepers": null, - "ming": null, "mingle": "1. To mix; intermix; to combine or join, as an individual or part, with other parts, but commonly so as to be distinguishable in the product; to confuse; to confound. There was... fire mingled with the hail. Ex. ix. 24. 2. To associate or unite in society or by ties of relationship; to cause or allow to intermarry; to intermarry. The holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands. Ezra ix. 2. 3. To deprive of purity by mixture; to contaminate. A mingled, imperfect virtue. Rogers. 4. To put together; to join. [Obs.] Shak. 5. To make or prepare by mixing the ingredients of. [He] proceeded to mingle another draught. Hawthorne.\n\nTo become mixed or blended.\n\nA mixture. [Obs.] Dryden.", "mingled": null, "mingles": "1. To mix; intermix; to combine or join, as an individual or part, with other parts, but commonly so as to be distinguishable in the product; to confuse; to confound. There was... fire mingled with the hail. Ex. ix. 24. 2. To associate or unite in society or by ties of relationship; to cause or allow to intermarry; to intermarry. The holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands. Ezra ix. 2. 3. To deprive of purity by mixture; to contaminate. A mingled, imperfect virtue. Rogers. 4. To put together; to join. [Obs.] Shak. 5. To make or prepare by mixing the ingredients of. [He] proceeded to mingle another draught. Hawthorne.\n\nTo become mixed or blended.\n\nA mixture. [Obs.] Dryden.", "mingling": null, - "mingus": null, "mingy": null, "mini": null, "miniature": "1. Originally, a painting in colors such as those in mediæval manuscripts; in modern times, any very small painting, especially a portrait. 2. Greatly diminished size or form; reduced scale. 3. Lettering in red; rubric distinction. [Obs.] 4. A particular feature or trait. [Obs.] Massinger.\n\nBeing on a small; much reduced from the reality; as, a miniature copy.\n\nTo represent or depict in a small compass, or on a small scale.", @@ -48376,32 +42177,17 @@ "minivans": null, "mink": "A carnivorous mammal of the genus Putorius, allied to the weasel. The European mink is Putorius lutreola. The common American mink (P. vison) varies from yellowish brown to black. Its fur is highly valued. Called also minx, nurik, and vison.", "minks": "A carnivorous mammal of the genus Putorius, allied to the weasel. The European mink is Putorius lutreola. The common American mink (P. vison) varies from yellowish brown to black. Its fur is highly valued. Called also minx, nurik, and vison.", - "minn": null, - "minneapolis": null, - "minnelli": null, "minnesinger": "A love-singer; specifically, one of a class of German poets and musicians who flourished from about the middle of the twelfth to the middle of the fourteenth century. They were chiefly of noble birth, and made love and beauty the subjects of their verses.", "minnesingers": "A love-singer; specifically, one of a class of German poets and musicians who flourished from about the middle of the twelfth to the middle of the fourteenth century. They were chiefly of noble birth, and made love and beauty the subjects of their verses.", - "minnesota": null, - "minnesotan": null, - "minnesotans": null, - "minnie": null, "minnow": "1. (Zoöl.) A small European fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Phoxinus lævis, formerly Leuciscus phoxinus); sometimes applied also to the young of larger kinds; -- called also minim and minny. The name is also applied to several allied American species, of the genera Phoxinus, Notropis, or Minnilus, and Rhinichthys. 2. (Zoöl.) Any of numerous small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus, and related genera. They live both in fresh and in salt water. Called also killifish, minny, and mummichog.mummichog", "minnows": "1. (Zoöl.) A small European fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Phoxinus lævis, formerly Leuciscus phoxinus); sometimes applied also to the young of larger kinds; -- called also minim and minny. The name is also applied to several allied American species, of the genera Phoxinus, Notropis, or Minnilus, and Rhinichthys. 2. (Zoöl.) Any of numerous small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus, and related genera. They live both in fresh and in salt water. Called also killifish, minny, and mummichog.mummichog", - "minoan": null, - "minoans": null, - "minolta": null, "minor": "1. Inferior in bulk, degree, importance, etc.; less; smaller; of little account; as, minor divisions of a body. 2. (Mus.) Less by a semitone in interval or difference of pitch; as, a minor third. Asia Minor (Geog.), the Lesser Asia; that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine, or Black Sea, on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south. -- Minor mode (Mus.), that mode, or scale, in which the third and sixth are minor, -- much used for mournful and solemn subjects. -- Minor orders (Eccl.), the rank of persons employed in ecclesiastical offices who are not in holy orders, as doorkeepers, acolytes, etc. -- Minor scale (Mus.) The form of the minor scale is various. The strictly correct form has the third and sixth minor, with a semitone between the seventh and eighth, which involves an augmented second interval, or three semitones, between the sixth and seventh, as, 6/F, 7/G#, 8/A. But, for melodic purposes, both the sixth and the seventh are sometimes made major in the ascending, and minor in the descending, scale, thus: --See Major. -- Minor term of syllogism (Logic), the subject of the conclusion.\n\n1. A person of either sex who has not attained the age at which full civil rights are accorded; an infant; in England and the United States, one under twenty-one years of age. Note: In hereditary monarchies, the minority of a sovereign ends at an earlier age than of a subject. The minority of a sovereign of Great Britain ends upon the completion of the eighteenth year of his age. 2. (Logic) The minor term, that is, the subject of the conclusion; also, the minor premise, that is, that premise which contains the minor term; in hypothetical syllogisms, the categorical premise. It is the second proposition of a regular syllogism, as in the following: Every act of injustice partakes of meanness; to take money from another by gaming is an act of injustice; therefore, the taking of money from another by gaming partakes of meanness. 3. A Minorite; a Franciscan friar.", "minored": null, "minoring": null, "minorities": null, "minority": "1. The state of being a minor, or under age. 2. State of being less or small. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 3. The smaller number; -- opposed to Ant: majority; as, the minority must be ruled by the majority.", "minors": "1. Inferior in bulk, degree, importance, etc.; less; smaller; of little account; as, minor divisions of a body. 2. (Mus.) Less by a semitone in interval or difference of pitch; as, a minor third. Asia Minor (Geog.), the Lesser Asia; that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine, or Black Sea, on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south. -- Minor mode (Mus.), that mode, or scale, in which the third and sixth are minor, -- much used for mournful and solemn subjects. -- Minor orders (Eccl.), the rank of persons employed in ecclesiastical offices who are not in holy orders, as doorkeepers, acolytes, etc. -- Minor scale (Mus.) The form of the minor scale is various. The strictly correct form has the third and sixth minor, with a semitone between the seventh and eighth, which involves an augmented second interval, or three semitones, between the sixth and seventh, as, 6/F, 7/G#, 8/A. But, for melodic purposes, both the sixth and the seventh are sometimes made major in the ascending, and minor in the descending, scale, thus: --See Major. -- Minor term of syllogism (Logic), the subject of the conclusion.\n\n1. A person of either sex who has not attained the age at which full civil rights are accorded; an infant; in England and the United States, one under twenty-one years of age. Note: In hereditary monarchies, the minority of a sovereign ends at an earlier age than of a subject. The minority of a sovereign of Great Britain ends upon the completion of the eighteenth year of his age. 2. (Logic) The minor term, that is, the subject of the conclusion; also, the minor premise, that is, that premise which contains the minor term; in hypothetical syllogisms, the categorical premise. It is the second proposition of a regular syllogism, as in the following: Every act of injustice partakes of meanness; to take money from another by gaming is an act of injustice; therefore, the taking of money from another by gaming partakes of meanness. 3. A Minorite; a Franciscan friar.", - "minos": "A king and lawgiver of Crete, fabled to be the son of Jupiter and Europa. After death he was made a judge in the Lower Regions.", - "minot": null, - "minotaur": "A fabled monster, half man and half bull, confined in the labyrinth constructed by Dædalus in Crete.", "minoxidil": null, - "minsk": null, - "minsky": null, "minster": "A church of a monastery. The name is often retained and applied to the church after the monastery has ceased to exist (as Beverly Minster, Southwell Minster, etc.), and is also improperly used for any large church. Minster house, the official house in which the canons of a cathedral live in common or in rotation. Shipley.", "minsters": "A church of a monastery. The name is often retained and applied to the church after the monastery has ceased to exist (as Beverly Minster, Southwell Minster, etc.), and is also improperly used for any large church. Minster house, the official house in which the canons of a cathedral live in common or in rotation. Shipley.", "minstrel": "In the Middle Ages, one of an order of men who subsisted by the arts of poetry and music, and sang verses to the accompaniment of a harp or other instrument; in modern times, a poet; a bard; a singer and harper; a musician. Chaucer.", @@ -48409,7 +42195,6 @@ "minstrelsy": "1. The arts and occupation of minstrels; the singing and playing of a minstrel. 2. Musical instruments. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A collective body of minstrels, or musicians; also, a collective body of minstrels' songs. Chaucer. \"The minstrelsy of heaven.\" Milton.", "mint": "The name of several aromatic labiate plants, mostly of the genus Mentha, yielding odoriferous essential oils by distillation. See Mentha. Note: Corn mint is Mentha arvensis. -- Horsemint is M. sylvestris, and in the United States Monarda punctata, which differs from the true mints in several respects. -- Mountain mint is any species of the related genus Pycnanthemum, common in North America. -- Peppermint is M. piperita. -- Spearmint is M. viridis. -- Water mint is M. aquatica. Mint camphor. (Chem.) See Menthol. -- Mint julep. See Julep. -- Mint sauce, a sauce flavored with spearmint, for meats.\n\n1. A place where money is coined by public authority. 2. Hence: Any place regarded as a source of unlimited supply; the supply itself. A mint of phrases in his brain. Shak.\n\n1. To make by stamping, as money; to coin; to make and stamp into money. 2. To invent; to forge; to fabricate; to fashion. Titles... of such natures as may be easily minted. Bacon. Minting mill, a coining press.", "mintage": "1. The coin, or other production, made in a mint. Stamped in clay, a heavenly mintage. Sterling. 2. The duty paid to the mint for coining.", - "mintaka": null, "minted": null, "minter": "One who mints.", "minters": "One who mints.", @@ -48422,7 +42207,6 @@ "minuends": "The number from which another number is to be subtracted.", "minuet": "1. A slow graceful dance consisting of a coupee, a high step, and a balance. 2. (Mus.) A tune or air to regulate the movements of the dance so called; a movement in suites, sonatas, symphonies, etc., having the dance form, and commonly in 3-4, sometimes 3-8, measure.", "minuets": "1. A slow graceful dance consisting of a coupee, a high step, and a balance. 2. (Mus.) A tune or air to regulate the movements of the dance so called; a movement in suites, sonatas, symphonies, etc., having the dance form, and commonly in 3-4, sometimes 3-8, measure.", - "minuit": null, "minus": "Less; requiring to be subtracted; negative; as, a minus quantity. Minus sign (Math.), the sign [-] denoting minus, or less, prefixed to negative quantities, or quantities to be subtracted. See Negative sign, under Negative.", "minuscule": "1. Any very small, minute object. 2. A small Roman letter which is neither capital nor uncial; a manuscript written in such letters. -- a. Of the size and style of minuscules; written in minuscules. These minuscule letters are cursive forms of the earlier uncials. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).", "minuscules": "1. Any very small, minute object. 2. A small Roman letter which is neither capital nor uncial; a manuscript written in such letters. -- a. Of the size and style of minuscules; written in minuscules. These minuscule letters are cursive forms of the earlier uncials. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).", @@ -48441,28 +42225,18 @@ "minuting": null, "minx": "1. A pert or a wanton girl. Shak. 2. A she puppy; a pet dog. [Obs.] Udall.\n\nThe mink; -- called also minx otter. [Obs.]", "minxes": null, - "miocene": "Of or pertaining to the middle division of the Tertiary. -- n. The Miocene period. See Chart of Geology.", - "mips": null, - "mir": "A Russian village community. D. M. Wallace.\n\nSame as Emir.", - "mira": "A remarkable variable star in the constellation Cetus (o Ceti).", - "mirabeau": null, - "mirach": null, "miracle": "1. A wonder or wonderful thing. That miracle and queen of genus. Shak. 2. Specifically: An event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature; a supernatural event, or one transcending the ordinary laws by which the universe is governed. They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Mark vi. 52. 3. A miracle play. 4. A story or legend abounding in miracles. [Obs.] When said was all this miracle. Chaucer. Miracle monger, an impostor who pretends to work miracles. -- Miracle play, one of the old dramatic entertainments founded on legends of saints and martyrs or (see 2d Mystery, 2) on events related in the Bible.\n\nTo make wonderful. [Obs.] Shak.", "miracles": "1. A wonder or wonderful thing. That miracle and queen of genus. Shak. 2. Specifically: An event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature; a supernatural event, or one transcending the ordinary laws by which the universe is governed. They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Mark vi. 52. 3. A miracle play. 4. A story or legend abounding in miracles. [Obs.] When said was all this miracle. Chaucer. Miracle monger, an impostor who pretends to work miracles. -- Miracle play, one of the old dramatic entertainments founded on legends of saints and martyrs or (see 2d Mystery, 2) on events related in the Bible.\n\nTo make wonderful. [Obs.] Shak.", "miraculous": "1. Of the nature of a miracle; performed by supernatural power; effected by the direct agency of almighty power, and not by natural causes. 2. Supernatural; wonderful. 3. Wonder-working. \"The miraculous harp.\" Shak. -- Mi*rac\"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Mi*rac\"u*lous*ness, n.", "miraculously": null, "mirage": "An optical effect, sometimes seen on the ocean, but more frequently in deserts, due to total reflection of light at the surface common to two strata of air differently heated. The reflected image is seen, commonly in an inverted position, while the real object may or may not be in sight. When the surface is horizontal, and below the eye, the appearance is that of a sheet of water in which the object is seen reflected; when the reflecting surface is above the eye, the image is seen projected against the sky. The fata Morgana and looming are species of mirage. By the mirage uplifted the land floats vague in the ether, Ships and the shadows of ships hang in the motionless air. Longfellow.", "mirages": "An optical effect, sometimes seen on the ocean, but more frequently in deserts, due to total reflection of light at the surface common to two strata of air differently heated. The reflected image is seen, commonly in an inverted position, while the real object may or may not be in sight. When the surface is horizontal, and below the eye, the appearance is that of a sheet of water in which the object is seen reflected; when the reflecting surface is above the eye, the image is seen projected against the sky. The fata Morgana and looming are species of mirage. By the mirage uplifted the land floats vague in the ether, Ships and the shadows of ships hang in the motionless air. Longfellow.", - "miranda": null, "mire": "An ant. [Obs.] See Pismire.\n\nDeep mud; wet, spongy earth. Chaucer. He his rider from the lofty steed Would have cast down and trod in dirty mire. Spenser. Mire crow (Zoöl.), the pewit, or laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.] -- Mire drum, the European bittern. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To cause or permit to stick fast in mire; to plunge or fix in mud; as, to mire a horse or wagon. 2. To soil with mud or foul matter. Smirched thus and mired with infamy. Shak.\n\nTo stick in mire. Shak.", "mired": null, "mires": "An ant. [Obs.] See Pismire.\n\nDeep mud; wet, spongy earth. Chaucer. He his rider from the lofty steed Would have cast down and trod in dirty mire. Spenser. Mire crow (Zoöl.), the pewit, or laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.] -- Mire drum, the European bittern. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To cause or permit to stick fast in mire; to plunge or fix in mud; as, to mire a horse or wagon. 2. To soil with mud or foul matter. Smirched thus and mired with infamy. Shak.\n\nTo stick in mire. Shak.", - "mirfak": null, - "miriam": null, "mirier": null, "miriest": null, "miring": null, - "miro": null, "mirror": "1. A looking-glass or a speculum; any glass or polished substance that forms images by the reflection of rays of light. And in her hand she held a mirror bright, Wherein her face she often viewèd fair. Spenser. 2. That which gives a true representation, or in which a true image may be seen; hence, a pattern; an exemplar. She is mirour of all courtesy. Chaucer. O goddess, heavenly bright, Mirror of grace and majesty divine. Spenser. 3. (Zoöl.) See Speculum. Mirror carp (Zoöl.), a domesticated variety of the carp, having only three or fur rows of very large scales side. -- Mirror plate. (a) A flat glass mirror without a frame. (b) Flat glass used for making mirrors. -- Mirror writing, a manner or form of backward writing, making manuscript resembling in slant and order of letters the reflection of ordinary writing in a mirror. The substitution of this manner of writing for the common manner is a symptom of some kinds of nervous disease.\n\nTo reflect, as in a mirror.", "mirrored": null, "mirroring": null, @@ -48473,9 +42247,7 @@ "mirthfulness": null, "mirthless": "Without mirth. -- Mirth\"less*ness, n.", "mirthlessly": null, - "mirv": null, "miry": "Abounding with deep mud; full of mire; muddy; as, a miry road.", - "mirzam": null, "misaddress": null, "misaddressed": null, "misaddresses": null, @@ -48678,7 +42450,6 @@ "misjudging": null, "misjudgment": "A wrong or unjust judgment.", "misjudgments": "A wrong or unjust judgment.", - "miskito": null, "mislabel": null, "mislabeled": null, "mislabeling": null, @@ -48783,16 +42554,8 @@ "missioner": "A missionary; an envoy; one who conducts a mission. See Mission, n., 6. \"Like mighty missioner you come.\" Dryden.", "missioners": "A missionary; an envoy; one who conducts a mission. See Mission, n., 6. \"Like mighty missioner you come.\" Dryden.", "missions": "1. The act of sending, or the state of being sent; a being sent or delegated by authority, with certain powers for transacting business; comission. Whose glorious deeds, but in these fields of late, Made emulous missions' mongst the gods themselves. Shak. 2. That with which a messenger or agent is charged; an errand; business or duty on which one is sent; a commission. How to begin, how to accomplish best His end of being on earth, and mission high. Milton. 3. Persons sent; any number of persons appointed to perform any service; a delegation; an embassy. In these ships there should be a mission of three of the fellows or brethren of Solomon's house. Bacon. 4. An assotiation or organization of missionaries; a station or residence of missionaries. 5. An organization for worship and work, dependent on one or more churches. 6. A course of extraordinary sermons and services at a particular place and time for the special purpose of quickening the faith and zeal participants, and of converting unbelievers. Addis & Arnold. 7. Dismission; discharge from service. [Obs.] Mission school. (a) A school connected with a mission and conducted by missionaries. (b) A school for the religious instruction of children not having regular church privileges. Syn. -- Message; errand; commission; deputation.\n\nTo send on a mission. [Mostly used in the form of the past participle.] Keats.", - "mississauga": null, - "mississippi": null, - "mississippian": null, - "mississippians": null, "missive": "1. Specially sent; intended or prepared to be sent; as, a letter missive. Ayliffe. 2. Missile. \"The missive weapons fly.\" Dryden. Letters missive, letters conveying the permission, comand, or advice of a superior authority, as a sovereign. They are addressed and sent to some certain person or persons, and are distinguished from letters patent, which are addressed to the public.\n\n1. That which is sent; a writing containing a message. 2. One who is sent; a messenger. [Obs.] Shak.", "missives": "1. Specially sent; intended or prepared to be sent; as, a letter missive. Ayliffe. 2. Missile. \"The missive weapons fly.\" Dryden. Letters missive, letters conveying the permission, comand, or advice of a superior authority, as a sovereign. They are addressed and sent to some certain person or persons, and are distinguished from letters patent, which are addressed to the public.\n\n1. That which is sent; a writing containing a message. 2. One who is sent; a messenger. [Obs.] Shak.", - "missoula": null, - "missouri": null, - "missourian": null, - "missourians": null, "misspeak": "To err in speaking.\n\nTo utter wrongly.", "misspeaking": null, "misspeaks": "To err in speaking.\n\nTo utter wrongly.", @@ -48817,7 +42580,6 @@ "missteps": "A wrong step; an error of conduct.\n\nTo take a wrong step; to go astray.", "missus": null, "missuses": null, - "missy": "See Misy.\n\nAn affectionate, or contemptuous, form of miss; a young girl; a miss. -- a. Like a miss, or girl.", "mist": "1. Visible watery vapor suspended in the atmosphere, at or near the surface of the earth; fog. 2. Coarse, watery vapor, floating or falling in visible particles, approaching the form of rain; as, Scotch mist. 3. Hence, anything which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision. His passion cast a mist before his sense. Dryden. Mist flower (Bot.), a composite plant (Eupatorium coelestinum), having heart-shaped leaves, and corymbs of lavender-blue flowers. It is found in the Western and Southern United States.\n\nTo cloud; to cover with mist; to dim. Shak.\n\nTo rain in very fine drops; as, it mists.", "mistakable": "Liable to be mistaken; capable of being misconceived. Sir T. Browne.", "mistake": "1. To take or choose wrongly. [Obs. or R.] Shak. 2. To take in a wrong sense; to misunderstand misapprehend, or misconceive; as, to mistake a remark; to mistake one's meaning. Locke. My father's purposes have been mistook. Shak. 3. To substitute in thought or perception; as, to mistake one person for another. A man may mistake the love of virtue for the practice of it. Johnson. 4. To have a wrong idea of in respect of character, qualities, etc.; to misjudge. Mistake me not so much, To think my poverty is treacherous. Shak.\n\nTo err in knowledge, perception, opinion, or judgment; to commit an unintentional error. Servants mistake, and sometimes occasion misunderstanding among friends. Swift.\n\n1. An apprehending wrongly; a misconception; a misunderstanding; a fault in opinion or judgment; an unintentional error of conduct. Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all possibility of mistake. Tillotson. 2. (Law) Misconception, error, which when non-negligent may be ground for rescinding a contract, or for refusing to perform it. No mistake, surely; without fail; as, it will happen at the appointed time, and no mistake. [Low] Syn. -- Blunder; error; bull. See Blunder.", @@ -48825,7 +42587,6 @@ "mistakenly": "By mistake. Goldsmith.", "mistakes": "1. To take or choose wrongly. [Obs. or R.] Shak. 2. To take in a wrong sense; to misunderstand misapprehend, or misconceive; as, to mistake a remark; to mistake one's meaning. Locke. My father's purposes have been mistook. Shak. 3. To substitute in thought or perception; as, to mistake one person for another. A man may mistake the love of virtue for the practice of it. Johnson. 4. To have a wrong idea of in respect of character, qualities, etc.; to misjudge. Mistake me not so much, To think my poverty is treacherous. Shak.\n\nTo err in knowledge, perception, opinion, or judgment; to commit an unintentional error. Servants mistake, and sometimes occasion misunderstanding among friends. Swift.\n\n1. An apprehending wrongly; a misconception; a misunderstanding; a fault in opinion or judgment; an unintentional error of conduct. Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all possibility of mistake. Tillotson. 2. (Law) Misconception, error, which when non-negligent may be ground for rescinding a contract, or for refusing to perform it. No mistake, surely; without fail; as, it will happen at the appointed time, and no mistake. [Low] Syn. -- Blunder; error; bull. See Blunder.", "mistaking": "An error; a mistake. Shak.", - "mistassini": null, "misted": null, "mister": "A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a man or youth. It is usually written in the abbreviated form Mr. To call your name, inquire your where, Or whet you think of Mister Some-one's book, Or Mister Other's marriage or decease. Mrs. Browning.\n\nTo address or mention by the title Mr.; as, he mistered me in a formal way. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A trade, art, or occupation. [Obs.] In youth he learned had a good mester. Chaucer. 2. Manner; kind; sort. [Obs.] Spenser. But telleth me what mester men ye be. Chaucer. 3. Need; necessity. [Obs.] Rom. of R.\n\nTo be needful or of use. [Obs.] As for my name, it mistereth not to tell. Spenser.", "misters": "A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a man or youth. It is usually written in the abbreviated form Mr. To call your name, inquire your where, Or whet you think of Mister Some-one's book, Or Mister Other's marriage or decease. Mrs. Browning.\n\nTo address or mention by the title Mr.; as, he mistered me in a formal way. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A trade, art, or occupation. [Obs.] In youth he learned had a good mester. Chaucer. 2. Manner; kind; sort. [Obs.] Spenser. But telleth me what mester men ye be. Chaucer. 3. Need; necessity. [Obs.] Rom. of R.\n\nTo be needful or of use. [Obs.] As for my name, it mistereth not to tell. Spenser.", @@ -48872,19 +42633,12 @@ "misused": null, "misuses": "1. To treat or use improperly; to use to a bad purpose; to misapply; as, to misuse one's talents. South. The sweet poison of misused wine. Milton. 2. To abuse; to treat ill. O, she misused me past the endurance of a block. Shak. Syn. -- To maltreat; abuse; misemploy; misapply.\n\n1. Wrong use; misapplication; erroneous or improper use. Words little suspected for any such misuse. Locke. 2. Violence, or its effects. [Obs.] Shak.", "misusing": null, - "mit": null, - "mitch": null, - "mitchel": null, - "mitchell": null, "mite": "1. (Zoöl.) A minute arachnid, of the order Acarina, of which there are many species; as, the cheese mite, sugar mite, harvest mite, etc. See Acarina. 2. Etym: [D. mijt; prob. the same word.] A small coin formerly circulated in England, rated at about a third of a farthing. The name is also applied to a small coin used in Palestine in the time of Christ. Two mites, which make a farthing. Mark xii. 49. 3. A small weight; one twentieth of a grain. 4. Anything very small; a minute object; a very little quantity or particle. For in effect they be not worth a myte. Chaucer.", "miter": "1. A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a lofty cap with two points or peaks. Fairholt. 2. The surface forming the beveled end or edge of a piece where a miter joint is made; also, a joint formed or a junction effected by two beveled ends or edges; a miter joint. 3. (Numis.) A sort of base money or coin. Miter box (Carp. & Print.), an apparatus for guiding a handsaw at the proper angle in making a miter joint; esp., a wooden or metal trough with vertical kerfs in its upright sides, for guides. -- Miter dovetail (Carp.), a kind of dovetail for a miter joint in which there is only one joint line visible, and that at the angle. -- Miter gauge (Carp.), a gauge for determining the angle of a miter. -- Miter joint, a joint formed by pieces matched and united upon a line bisecting the angle of junction, as by the beveled ends of two pieces of molding or brass rule, etc. The term is used especially when the pieces form a right angle. See Miter, 2. -- Miter shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells of the genus Mitra. -- Miter square (Carp.), a bevel with an immovable arm at an angle of 45º, for striking lines on stuff to be mitered; also, a square with an arm adjustable to any angle. -- Miter wheels, a pair of bevel gears, of equal diameter, adapted for working together, usually with their axes at right angles.\n\n1. To place a miter upon; to adorn with a miter. \"Mitered locks.\" Milton. 2. To match together, as two pieces of molding or brass rule on a line bisecting the angle of junction; to bevel the ends or edges of, for the purpose of matching together at an angle.\n\nTo meet and match together, as two pieces of molding, on a line bisecting the angle of junction.", "mitered": null, "mitering": null, "miters": "1. A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a lofty cap with two points or peaks. Fairholt. 2. The surface forming the beveled end or edge of a piece where a miter joint is made; also, a joint formed or a junction effected by two beveled ends or edges; a miter joint. 3. (Numis.) A sort of base money or coin. Miter box (Carp. & Print.), an apparatus for guiding a handsaw at the proper angle in making a miter joint; esp., a wooden or metal trough with vertical kerfs in its upright sides, for guides. -- Miter dovetail (Carp.), a kind of dovetail for a miter joint in which there is only one joint line visible, and that at the angle. -- Miter gauge (Carp.), a gauge for determining the angle of a miter. -- Miter joint, a joint formed by pieces matched and united upon a line bisecting the angle of junction, as by the beveled ends of two pieces of molding or brass rule, etc. The term is used especially when the pieces form a right angle. See Miter, 2. -- Miter shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells of the genus Mitra. -- Miter square (Carp.), a bevel with an immovable arm at an angle of 45º, for striking lines on stuff to be mitered; also, a square with an arm adjustable to any angle. -- Miter wheels, a pair of bevel gears, of equal diameter, adapted for working together, usually with their axes at right angles.\n\n1. To place a miter upon; to adorn with a miter. \"Mitered locks.\" Milton. 2. To match together, as two pieces of molding or brass rule on a line bisecting the angle of junction; to bevel the ends or edges of, for the purpose of matching together at an angle.\n\nTo meet and match together, as two pieces of molding, on a line bisecting the angle of junction.", "mites": "1. (Zoöl.) A minute arachnid, of the order Acarina, of which there are many species; as, the cheese mite, sugar mite, harvest mite, etc. See Acarina. 2. Etym: [D. mijt; prob. the same word.] A small coin formerly circulated in England, rated at about a third of a farthing. The name is also applied to a small coin used in Palestine in the time of Christ. Two mites, which make a farthing. Mark xii. 49. 3. A small weight; one twentieth of a grain. 4. Anything very small; a minute object; a very little quantity or particle. For in effect they be not worth a myte. Chaucer.", - "mitford": null, - "mithra": null, - "mithridates": "An antidote against poison, or a composition in form of an electuary, supposed to serve either as a remedy or a preservative against poison; an alexipharmic; -- so called from King Mithridates, its reputed inventor. [Love is] a drop of the true elixir; no mithridate so effectual against the infection of vice. Southey.", "mitigate": "1. To make less severe, intense, harsh, rigorous, painful, etc.; to soften; to meliorate; to alleviate; to diminish; to lessen; as, to mitigate heat or cold; to mitigate grief. 2. To make mild and accessible; to mollify; -- applied to persons. [Obs.] This opinion ... mitigated kings into companions. Burke. Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; allay. See Alleviate.", "mitigated": null, "mitigates": "1. To make less severe, intense, harsh, rigorous, painful, etc.; to soften; to meliorate; to alleviate; to diminish; to lessen; as, to mitigate heat or cold; to mitigate grief. 2. To make mild and accessible; to mollify; -- applied to persons. [Obs.] This opinion ... mitigated kings into companions. Burke. Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; allay. See Alleviate.", @@ -48897,14 +42651,10 @@ "mitosis": "See Karyokinesis.", "mitotic": "Of or pertaining to mitosis; karyokinetic; as, mitotic cell division; -- opposed to amitotic. --Mi*tot\"ic*al*ly (#), adv.", "mitral": "Pertaining to a miter; resembling a miter; as, the mitral valve between the left auricle and left ventricle of the heart.", - "mitsubishi": null, "mitt": "A mitten; also, a covering for the wrist and hand and not for the fingers.", "mitten": "1. A covering for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or injury. It differs from a glove in not having a separate sheath for each finger. Chaucer. 2. A cover for the wrist and forearm. To give the mitten to, to dismiss as a lover; to reject the suit of. [Colloq.] -- To handle without mittens, to treat roughly; to handle without gloves. [Colloq.]", "mittens": "1. A covering for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or injury. It differs from a glove in not having a separate sheath for each finger. Chaucer. 2. A cover for the wrist and forearm. To give the mitten to, to dismiss as a lover; to reject the suit of. [Colloq.] -- To handle without mittens, to treat roughly; to handle without gloves. [Colloq.]", - "mitterrand": null, "mitts": "A mitten; also, a covering for the wrist and hand and not for the fingers.", - "mitty": "The stormy petrel. [Prov. Eng.]", - "mitzi": null, "mitzvah": null, "mix": "1. To cause a promiscuous interpenetration of the parts of, as of two or more substances with each other, or of one substance with others; to unite or blend into one mass or compound, as by stirring together; to mingle; to blend; as, to mix flour and salt; to mix wines. Fair persuasions mixed with sugared words. Shak. 2. To unite with in company; to join; to associate. Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people. Hos. vii. 8. 3. To form by mingling; to produce by the stirring together of ingredients; to compound of different parts. Hast thou no poison mixed Shak. I have chosen an argument mixed of religious and civil considerations. Bacon.\n\n1. To become united into a compound; to be blended promiscuously together. 2. To associate; to mingle. He had mixed Again in fancied safety with his kind. Byron.", "mixable": "Capable of being mixed.", @@ -48913,27 +42663,19 @@ "mixers": "One who, or that which, mixes.", "mixes": null, "mixing": null, - "mixtec": null, "mixture": "1. The act of mixing, or the state of being mixed; as, made by a mixture of ingredients. Hooker. 2. That which results from mixing different ingredients together; a compound; as, to drink a mixture of molasses and water; -- also, a medley. There is also a mixture of good and evil wisely distributed by God, to serve the ends of his providence. Atterbury. 3. An ingredient entering into a mixed mass; an additional ingredient. Cicero doubts whether it were possible for a community to exist that had not a prevailing mixture of piety in its constitution. Addison. 4. (Med.) A kind of liquid medicine made up of many ingredients; esp., as opposed to solution, a liquid preparation in which the solid ingredients are not completely dissolved. 5. (Physics & Chem.) A mass of two or more ingredients, the particles of which are separable, independent, and uncompounded with each other, no matter how thoroughly and finely commingled; -- contrasted with a compound; thus, gunpowder is a mechanical mixture of carbon, sulphur, and niter. 6. (Mus.) An organ stop, comprising from two to five ranges of pipes, used only in combination with the foundation and compound stops; -- called also furniture stop. It consists of high harmonics, or overtones, of the ground tone. Syn. -- Union; admixture; intermixture; medley.", "mixtures": "1. The act of mixing, or the state of being mixed; as, made by a mixture of ingredients. Hooker. 2. That which results from mixing different ingredients together; a compound; as, to drink a mixture of molasses and water; -- also, a medley. There is also a mixture of good and evil wisely distributed by God, to serve the ends of his providence. Atterbury. 3. An ingredient entering into a mixed mass; an additional ingredient. Cicero doubts whether it were possible for a community to exist that had not a prevailing mixture of piety in its constitution. Addison. 4. (Med.) A kind of liquid medicine made up of many ingredients; esp., as opposed to solution, a liquid preparation in which the solid ingredients are not completely dissolved. 5. (Physics & Chem.) A mass of two or more ingredients, the particles of which are separable, independent, and uncompounded with each other, no matter how thoroughly and finely commingled; -- contrasted with a compound; thus, gunpowder is a mechanical mixture of carbon, sulphur, and niter. 6. (Mus.) An organ stop, comprising from two to five ranges of pipes, used only in combination with the foundation and compound stops; -- called also furniture stop. It consists of high harmonics, or overtones, of the ground tone. Syn. -- Union; admixture; intermixture; medley.", - "mizar": null, "mizzen": "Hindmost; nearest the stern; as, the mizzen shrouds, sails, etc.\n\nThe hindmost of the fore and aft sails of a three-masted vessel; also, the spanker.", "mizzenmast": "The hindmost mast of a three-masted vessel, or of a yawl-rigged vessel.", "mizzenmasts": "The hindmost mast of a three-masted vessel, or of a yawl-rigged vessel.", "mizzens": "Hindmost; nearest the stern; as, the mizzen shrouds, sails, etc.\n\nThe hindmost of the fore and aft sails of a three-masted vessel; also, the spanker.", - "mk": null, "mkay": null, "mks": null, "ml": null, - "mlle": null, "mm": null, - "mme": null, - "mmes": null, - "mn": null, "mnemonic": "Assisting in memory.", "mnemonically": null, "mnemonics": "The art of memory; a system of precepts and rules intended to assist the memory; artificial memory.", - "mnemosyne": "The goddess of memory and the mother of the Muses.", "mo": "More; -- usually, more in number. [Obs.] An hundred thousand mo. Chaucer. Likely to find mo to commend than to imitate it. Fuller.", "moan": "1. To make a low prolonged sound of grief or pain, whether articulate or not; to groan softly and continuously. Unpitied and unheard, where misery moans. Thomson. Let there bechance him pitiful mischances, To make him moan. Shak. 2. To emit a sound like moan; -- said of things inanimate; as, the wind moans.\n\n1. To bewail audibly; to lament. Ye floods, ye woods, ye echoes, moan My dear Columbo, dead and gone. Prior. 2. To afflict; to distress. [Obs.] Which infinitely moans me. Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. A low prolonged sound, articulate or not, indicative of pain or of grief; a low groan. Sullen moans, hollow groans. Pope. 2. A low mournful or murmuring sound; -- of things. Rippling waters made a pleasant moan. Byron.", "moaned": null, @@ -48947,7 +42689,6 @@ "mob": "A mobcap. Goldsmith.\n\nTo wrap up in, or cover with, a cowl. [R.]\n\n1. The lower classes of a community; the populace, or the lowest part of it. A cluster of mob were making themselves merry with their betters. Addison. 2. Hence: A throgn; a rabble; esp., an unlawful or riotous assembly; a disorderly crowd. The mob of gentlemen who wrote with ease. Pope. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob. Madison. Confused by brainless mobs. Tennyson. Mob law, law administered by the mob; lynch law. -- Swell mob, well dressed thieves and swindlers, regarded collectively. [Slang] Dickens.\n\nTo crowd about, as a mob, and attack or annoy; as, to mob a house or a person.", "mobbed": null, "mobbing": null, - "mobil": null, "mobile": "1. Capable of being moved; not fixed in place or condition; movable. \"Fixed or else mobile.\" Skelton. 2. Characterized by an extreme degree of fluidity; moving or flowing with great freedom; as, benzine and mercury are mobile liquids; -- opposed to viscous, viscoidal, or oily. 3. Easily moved in feeling, purpose, or direction; excitable; changeable; fickle. Testament of Love. The quick and mobile curiosity of her disposition. Hawthorne. 4. Changing in appearance and expression under the influence of the mind; as, mobile features. 5. (Physiol.) Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of spontaneous movement.\n\nThe mob; the populace. [Obs.] \"The unthinking mobile.\" South.", "mobiles": "1. Capable of being moved; not fixed in place or condition; movable. \"Fixed or else mobile.\" Skelton. 2. Characterized by an extreme degree of fluidity; moving or flowing with great freedom; as, benzine and mercury are mobile liquids; -- opposed to viscous, viscoidal, or oily. 3. Easily moved in feeling, purpose, or direction; excitable; changeable; fickle. Testament of Love. The quick and mobile curiosity of her disposition. Hawthorne. 4. Changing in appearance and expression under the influence of the mind; as, mobile features. 5. (Physiol.) Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of spontaneous movement.\n\nThe mob; the populace. [Obs.] \"The unthinking mobile.\" South.", "mobility": "1. The quality or state of being mobile; as, the mobility of a liquid, of an army, of the populace, of features, of a muscle. Sir T. Browne. 2. The mob; the lower classes. [Humorous] Dryden.", @@ -48962,7 +42703,6 @@ "mobs": "A mobcap. Goldsmith.\n\nTo wrap up in, or cover with, a cowl. [R.]\n\n1. The lower classes of a community; the populace, or the lowest part of it. A cluster of mob were making themselves merry with their betters. Addison. 2. Hence: A throgn; a rabble; esp., an unlawful or riotous assembly; a disorderly crowd. The mob of gentlemen who wrote with ease. Pope. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob. Madison. Confused by brainless mobs. Tennyson. Mob law, law administered by the mob; lynch law. -- Swell mob, well dressed thieves and swindlers, regarded collectively. [Slang] Dickens.\n\nTo crowd about, as a mob, and attack or annoy; as, to mob a house or a person.", "mobster": null, "mobsters": null, - "mobutu": null, "moccasin": "1. A shoe made of deerskin, or other soft leather, the sole and upper part being one piece. It is the customary shoe worn by the American Indians. 2. (Zoöl.) A poisonous snake of the Southern United States. The water moccasin (Ancistrodon piscivorus) is usually found in or near water. Above, it is olive brown, barred with black; beneath, it is brownish yellow, mottled with darker. The upland moccasin is Ancistrodon atrofuscus. They resemble rattlesnakes, but are without rattles. Moccasin flower (Bot.), a species of lady's slipper (Cypripedium acaule) found in North America. The lower petal is two inches long, and forms a rose-colored moccasin-shaped pouch. It grows in rich woods under coniferous trees.", "moccasins": "1. A shoe made of deerskin, or other soft leather, the sole and upper part being one piece. It is the customary shoe worn by the American Indians. 2. (Zoöl.) A poisonous snake of the Southern United States. The water moccasin (Ancistrodon piscivorus) is usually found in or near water. Above, it is olive brown, barred with black; beneath, it is brownish yellow, mottled with darker. The upland moccasin is Ancistrodon atrofuscus. They resemble rattlesnakes, but are without rattles. Moccasin flower (Bot.), a species of lady's slipper (Cypripedium acaule) found in North America. The lower petal is two inches long, and forms a rose-colored moccasin-shaped pouch. It grows in rich woods under coniferous trees.", "mocha": "1. A seaport town of Arabia, on the Red Sea. 2. A variety of coffee brought from Mocha. 3. An Abyssinian weight, equivalent to a Troy grain. Mocha stone (Min.), moss agate.", @@ -49023,7 +42763,6 @@ "modes": "1. Manner of doing or being; method; form; fashion; custom; way; style; as, the mode of speaking; the mode of dressing. The duty of itself being resolved on, the mode of doing it may easily be found. Jer. Taylor. A table richly spread in regal mode. Milton. 2. Prevailing popular custom; fashion, especially in the phrase the mode. The easy, apathetic graces of a man of the mode. Macaulay. 3. Variety; gradation; degree. Pope. 4. (Metaph.) Any combination of qualities or relations, considered apart from the substance to which they belong, and treated as entities; more generally, condition, or state of being; manner or form of arrangement or manifestation; form, as opposed to matter. Modes I call such complex ideas, which, however compounded, contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as dependencies on, or affections of, substances. Locke. 5. (Logic) The form in which the proposition connects the predicate and subject, whether by simple, contingent, or necessary assertion; the form of the syllogism, as determined by the quantity and quality of the constituent proposition; mood. 6. (Gram.) Same as Mood. 7. (Mus.) The scale as affected by the various positions in it of the minor intervals; as, the Dorian mode, the Ionic mode, etc., of ancient Greek music. Note: In modern music, only the major and the minor mode, of whatever key, are recognized. 8. A kind of silk. See Alamode, n. Syn. -- Method; manner. See Method.", "modest": "1. Restraining within due limits of propriety; not forward, bold, boastful, or presumptious; rather retiring than pushing one's self forward; not obstructive; as, a modest youth; a modest man. 2. Observing the proprieties of the sex; not unwomanly in act or bearing; free from undue familiarity, indecency, or lewdness; decent in speech and demeanor; -- said of a woman. Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest wife. Shak. The blushing beauties of a modest maid. Dryden. 3. Evincing modestly in the actor, author, or speaker; not showing presumption; not excessive or extreme; moderate; as, a modest request; modest joy. Syn. -- Reserved; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy; decent; becoming; chaste; virtuous.", "modestly": "In a modest manner.", - "modesto": null, "modesty": "1. The quality or state of being modest; that lowly temper which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and importance; absence of self-assertion, arrogance, and presumption; humility respecting one's own merit. 2. Natural delicacy or shame regarding personal charms and the sexual relation; purity of thought and manners; due regard for propriety in speech or action. Her blush is guiltiness, not modesty. Shak. Modesty piece, a narrow piece of lace worn by women over the bosom. [Obs.] Addison. Syn. -- Bashfulness; humility; diffidence; shyness. See Bashfulness, and Humility.", "modicum": "A little; a small quantity; a measured simply. \"Modicums of wit.\" Shak. Her usual modicum of beer and punch. Thackeray.", "modicums": "A little; a small quantity; a measured simply. \"Modicums of wit.\" Shak. Her usual modicum of beer and punch. Thackeray.", @@ -49036,7 +42775,6 @@ "modifies": null, "modify": "1. To change somewhat the form or qualities of; to alter somewhat; as, to modify a contrivance adapted to some mechanical purpose; to modify the terms of a contract. 2. To limit or reduce in extent or degree; to moderate; to qualify; to lower. Of his grace He modifies his first severe decree. Dryden.", "modifying": null, - "modigliani": null, "modish": "According to the mode, or customary manner; conformed to the fashion; fashionable; hence, conventional; as, a modish dress; a modish feast. Dryden. \"Modish forms of address.\" Barrow. -- Mod\"ish*ly, adv. -- Mod\"ish*ness, n.", "modishly": null, "modishness": null, @@ -49055,27 +42793,10 @@ "modules": "1. A model or measure. 2. (Arch.) The size of some one part, as the diameter of semi-diameter of the base of a shaft, taken as a unit of measure by which the proportions of the other parts of the composition are regulated. Generally, for columns, the semi-diameter is taken, and divided into a certain number of parts, called minutes (see Minute), though often the diameter is taken, and any dimension is said to be so many modules and minutes in height, breadth, or projection.\n\nTo model; also, to modulate. [Obs.] Sandys. Drayton.", "modulo": null, "modulus": "A quantity or coefficient, or constant, which expresses the measure of some specified force, property, or quality, as of elasticity, strength, efficiency, etc.; a parameter. Modulus of a machine, a formula expressing the work which a given machine can perform under the conditions involved in its construction; the relation between the work done upon a machine by the moving power, and that yielded at the working points, either constantly, if its motion be uniform, or in the interval of time which it occupies in passing from any given velocity to the same velocity again, if its motion be variable; -- called also the efficiency of the machine. Mosley. Rankine. -- Modulus of a system of logarithms (Math.), a number by which all the Napierian logarithms must be multiplied to obtain the logarithms in another system. -- Modulus of elasticity. (a) The measure of the elastic force of any substance, expressed by the ratio of a stress on a given unit of the substance to the accompanying distortion, or strain. (b) An expression of the force (usually in terms of the height in feet or weight in pounds of a column of the same body) which would be necessary to elongate a prismatic body of a transverse section equal to a given unit, as a square inch or foot, to double, or to compress it to half, its original length, were that degree of elongation or compression possible, or within the limits of elasticity; -- called also Young's modulus. -- Modulus of rupture, the measure of the force necessary to break a given substance across, as a beam, expressed by eighteen times the load which is required to break a bar of one inch square, supported flatwise at two points one foot apart, and loaded in the middle between the points of support. Rankine.", - "moe": "A wry face or mouth; a mow. [Obs.]\n\nTo make faces; to mow. [Obs.]\n\nMore. See Mo. [Obs.] \"Sing no more ditties, sing no moe.\" Shak.", - "moet": null, - "mogadishu": null, "moggy": null, "mogul": "1. A person of the Mongolian race. 2. (Railroad) A heavy locomotive for freight traffic, having three pairs of connected driving wheels and a two-wheeled truck. Great, or Grand, Mogul, the sovereign of the empire founded in Hindostan by the Mongols under Baber in the sixteenth century. Hence, a very important personage; a lord; -- sometimes only mogul. Dryden.", "moguls": "1. A person of the Mongolian race. 2. (Railroad) A heavy locomotive for freight traffic, having three pairs of connected driving wheels and a two-wheeled truck. Great, or Grand, Mogul, the sovereign of the empire founded in Hindostan by the Mongols under Baber in the sixteenth century. Hence, a very important personage; a lord; -- sometimes only mogul. Dryden.", - "mohacs": null, "mohair": "The long silky hair or wool of the Angora goat of Asia Minor; also, a fabric made from this material, or an imitation of such fabric.", - "mohamed": null, - "mohammad": null, - "mohammedan": "Of or pertaining to Mohammed, or the religion and institutions founded by Mohammed. [Written also Mahometan, Mahomedan, Muhammadan, etc.]\n\nA follower of Mohammed, the founder of Islamism; one who professes Mohammedanism or Islamism.", - "mohammedanism": "The religion, or doctrines and precepts, of Mohammed, contained in the Koran; Islamism.", - "mohammedanisms": "The religion, or doctrines and precepts, of Mohammed, contained in the Koran; Islamism.", - "mohammedans": "Of or pertaining to Mohammed, or the religion and institutions founded by Mohammed. [Written also Mahometan, Mahomedan, Muhammadan, etc.]\n\nA follower of Mohammed, the founder of Islamism; one who professes Mohammedanism or Islamism.", - "mohave": null, - "mohaves": null, - "mohawk": "1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of Indians who formed part of the Five Nations. They formerly inhabited the valley of the Mohawk River. 2. One of certain ruffians who infested the streets of London in the time of Addison, and took the name from the Mohawk Indians. [Slang] Spectator. Macaulay.", - "mohawks": "1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of Indians who formed part of the Five Nations. They formerly inhabited the valley of the Mohawk River. 2. One of certain ruffians who infested the streets of London in the time of Addison, and took the name from the Mohawk Indians. [Slang] Spectator. Macaulay.", - "mohegan": null, - "moho": "A gallinule (Notornis Mantelli) formerly inhabiting New Zealand, but now supposed to be extinct. It was incapable of flight. See Notornis.", - "mohorovicic": null, "moi": null, "moieties": null, "moiety": "1. One of two equal parts; a half; as, a moiety of an estate, of goods, or of profits; the moiety of a jury, or of a nation. Shak. The more beautiful moiety of his majesty's subject. Addison. 2. An indefinite part; a small part. Shak.", @@ -49083,11 +42804,8 @@ "moiled": null, "moiling": null, "moils": "To daub; to make dirty; to soil; to defile. Thou ... doest thy mind in dirty pleasures moil. Spenser.\n\nTo soil one's self with severe labor; to work with painful effort; to labor; to toil; to drudge. Moil not too much under ground. Bacon. Now he must moil and drudge for one he loathes. Dryden.\n\nA spot; a defilement. The moil of death upon them. Mrs. Browning.", - "moira": "The deity who assigns to every man his lot.", "moire": "1. Originally, a fine textile fabric made of the hair of an Asiatic goat; afterwards, any textile fabric to which a watered appearance is given in the process of calendering. 2. A watered, clouded, or frosted appearance produced upon either textile fabrics or metallic surfaces. Moire antique, a superior kind of thick moire.", "moires": "1. Originally, a fine textile fabric made of the hair of an Asiatic goat; afterwards, any textile fabric to which a watered appearance is given in the process of calendering. 2. A watered, clouded, or frosted appearance produced upon either textile fabrics or metallic surfaces. Moire antique, a superior kind of thick moire.", - "moises": null, - "moiseyev": null, "moist": "1. Moderately wet; damp; humid; not dry; as, a moist atmosphere or air. \"Moist eyes.\" Shak. 2. Fresh, or new. [Obs.] \"Shoes full moist and new.\" \"A draught of moist and corny ale.\" Chaucer.\n\nTo moisten. [Obs.] Shak.", "moisten": "1. To make damp; to wet in a small degree. A pipe a little moistened on the inside. Bacon. 2. To soften by making moist; to make tender. It moistened not his executioner's heart with any pity. Fuller.", "moistened": null, @@ -49106,14 +42824,10 @@ "moisturizers": null, "moisturizes": null, "moisturizing": null, - "mojave": null, - "mojaves": null, "molar": "Of or pertaining to a mass of matter; -- said of the properties or motions of masses, as distinguished from those of molecules or atoms. Carpenter.\n\nHaving power to grind; grinding; as, the molar teeth; also, of or pertaining to the molar teeth. Bacon.\n\nAny one of the teeth back of the incisors and canines. The molar which replace the deciduous or milk teeth are designated as premolars, and those which are not preceded by deciduous teeth are sometimes called true molars. See Tooth.", "molars": "Of or pertaining to a mass of matter; -- said of the properties or motions of masses, as distinguished from those of molecules or atoms. Carpenter.\n\nHaving power to grind; grinding; as, the molar teeth; also, of or pertaining to the molar teeth. Bacon.\n\nAny one of the teeth back of the incisors and canines. The molar which replace the deciduous or milk teeth are designated as premolars, and those which are not preceded by deciduous teeth are sometimes called true molars. See Tooth.", "molasses": "The thick, brown or dark colored, viscid, uncrystallizable sirup which drains from sugar, in the process of manufacture; any thick, viscid, sweet sirup made from vegetable juice or sap, as of the sorghum or maple. See Treacle.", "mold": "A spot; a blemish; a mole. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. 2. Earthy material; the matter of which anything is formed; composing substance; material. The etherial mold, Incapable of stain. Milton. Nature formed me of her softest mold. Addison.\n\nTo cover with mold or soil. [R.]\n\nA growth of minute fungi of various kinds, esp. those of the great groups Hyphomycetes, and Physomycetes, forming on damp or decaying organic matter. Note: The common blue mold of cheese, the brick-red cheese mold, and the scarlet or orange strata which grow on tubers or roots stored up for use, when commencing to decay, are familiar examples. M. J. Berkley.\n\nTo cause to become moldy; to cause mold to grow upon.\n\nTo become moldy; to be covered or filled, in whole or in part, with a mold.\n\n1. The matrix, or cavity, in which anything is shaped, and from which it takes its form; also, the body or mass containing the cavity; as, a sand mold; a jelly mold. Milton. 2. That on which, or in accordance with which, anything is modeled or formed; anything which serves to regulate the size, form, etc., as the pattern or templet used by a shipbuilder, carpenter, or mason. The glass of fashion and the mold of form. Shak. 3. Cast; form; shape; character. Crowned with an architrave of antique mold. Pope. 4. (Arch.) A group of moldings; as, the arch mold of a porch or doorway; the pier mold of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts. 5. (Anat.) A fontanel. 6. (Paper Making) A frame with a wire cloth bottom, on which the pump is drained to form a sheet, in making paper by hand.\n\n1. To form into a particular shape; to shape; to model; to fashion. He forgeth and moldeth metals. Sir M. Hale. Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay To mold me man Milton. 2. To ornament by molding or carving the material of; as, a molded window jamb. 3. To knead; as, to mold dough or bread. 4. (Founding) To form a mold of, as in sand, in which a casting may be made.", - "moldavia": null, - "moldavian": null, "moldboard": "1. A curved plate of iron (originally of wood) back of the share of a plow, which turns over the earth in plowing. 2. (Founding) A follow board.", "moldboards": "1. A curved plate of iron (originally of wood) back of the share of a plow, which turns over the earth in plowing. 2. (Founding) A follow board.", "molded": null, @@ -49126,8 +42840,6 @@ "moldiness": "The state of being moldy.", "molding": "1. The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds; the art or occupation of a molder. 2. Anything cast in a mold, or which appears to be so, as grooved or ornamental bars of wood or metal. 3. (Arch.) A plane, or curved, narrow surface, either sunk or projecting, used for decoration by means of the lights and shades upon its surface. Moldings vary greatly in pattern, and are generally used in groups, the different members of each group projecting or retreating, one beyond another. See Cable, n., 3, and Crenelated molding, under Crenelate, v. t.\n\nUsed in making a mold or moldings; used in shaping anything according to a pattern. Molding, or Moulding, board. (a) See Follow board, under Follow, v. t. (b) A board on which bread or pastry is kneaded and shaped. -- Molding, or Moulding, machine. (a) (Woodworking) A planing machine for making moldings. (b) (Founding) A machine to assist in making molds for castings. -- Molding, or Moulding, mill, a mill for shaping timber. -- Molding, or Moulding, sand (Founding), a kind of sand containing clay, used in making molds.", "moldings": "1. The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds; the art or occupation of a molder. 2. Anything cast in a mold, or which appears to be so, as grooved or ornamental bars of wood or metal. 3. (Arch.) A plane, or curved, narrow surface, either sunk or projecting, used for decoration by means of the lights and shades upon its surface. Moldings vary greatly in pattern, and are generally used in groups, the different members of each group projecting or retreating, one beyond another. See Cable, n., 3, and Crenelated molding, under Crenelate, v. t.\n\nUsed in making a mold or moldings; used in shaping anything according to a pattern. Molding, or Moulding, board. (a) See Follow board, under Follow, v. t. (b) A board on which bread or pastry is kneaded and shaped. -- Molding, or Moulding, machine. (a) (Woodworking) A planing machine for making moldings. (b) (Founding) A machine to assist in making molds for castings. -- Molding, or Moulding, mill, a mill for shaping timber. -- Molding, or Moulding, sand (Founding), a kind of sand containing clay, used in making molds.", - "moldova": null, - "moldovan": null, "molds": "A spot; a blemish; a mole. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. 2. Earthy material; the matter of which anything is formed; composing substance; material. The etherial mold, Incapable of stain. Milton. Nature formed me of her softest mold. Addison.\n\nTo cover with mold or soil. [R.]\n\nA growth of minute fungi of various kinds, esp. those of the great groups Hyphomycetes, and Physomycetes, forming on damp or decaying organic matter. Note: The common blue mold of cheese, the brick-red cheese mold, and the scarlet or orange strata which grow on tubers or roots stored up for use, when commencing to decay, are familiar examples. M. J. Berkley.\n\nTo cause to become moldy; to cause mold to grow upon.\n\nTo become moldy; to be covered or filled, in whole or in part, with a mold.\n\n1. The matrix, or cavity, in which anything is shaped, and from which it takes its form; also, the body or mass containing the cavity; as, a sand mold; a jelly mold. Milton. 2. That on which, or in accordance with which, anything is modeled or formed; anything which serves to regulate the size, form, etc., as the pattern or templet used by a shipbuilder, carpenter, or mason. The glass of fashion and the mold of form. Shak. 3. Cast; form; shape; character. Crowned with an architrave of antique mold. Pope. 4. (Arch.) A group of moldings; as, the arch mold of a porch or doorway; the pier mold of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts. 5. (Anat.) A fontanel. 6. (Paper Making) A frame with a wire cloth bottom, on which the pump is drained to form a sheet, in making paper by hand.\n\n1. To form into a particular shape; to shape; to model; to fashion. He forgeth and moldeth metals. Sir M. Hale. Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay To mold me man Milton. 2. To ornament by molding or carving the material of; as, a molded window jamb. 3. To knead; as, to mold dough or bread. 4. (Founding) To form a mold of, as in sand, in which a casting may be made.", "moldy": "Overgrown with, or containing, mold; as, moldy cheese or bread.", "mole": "1. A spot; a stain; a mark which discolors or disfigures. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. A spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body; esp., a spot which is dark-colored, from which commonly issue one or more hairs.\n\nA mass of fleshy or other more or less solid matter generated in the uterus.\n\nA mound or massive work formed of masonry or large stones, etc., laid in the sea, often extended either in a right line or an arc of a circle before a port which it serves to defend from the violence of the waves, thus protecting ships in a harbor; also, sometimes, the harbor itself. Brande & C.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Any insectivore of the family Talpidæ. They have minute eyes and ears, soft fur, and very large and strong fore feet. Note: The common European mole, or moldwarp (Talpa Europæa), is noted for its extensive burrows. The common American mole, or shrew mole (Scalops aquaticus), and star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) have similar habits. Note: In the Scriptures, the name is applied to two unindentified animals, perhaps the chameleon and mole rat. 2. A plow of peculiar construction, for forming underground drains. [U.S.] Duck mole. See under Duck. -- Golden mole. See Chrysochlore. -- Mole cricket (Zoöl.), an orthopterous insect of the genus Gryllotalpa, which excavates subterranean galleries, and throws up mounds of earth resembling those of the mole. It is said to do damage by injuring the roots of plants. The common European species (Gryllotalpa vulgaris), and the American (G. borealis), are the best known. -- Mole rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World rodents of the genera Spalax, Georychus, and several allied genera. They are molelike in appearance and habits, and their eyes are small or rudimentary. -- Mole shrew (Zoöl.), any one of several species of short-tailed American shrews of the genus Blarina, esp. B. brevicauda. -- Water mole, the duck mole.\n\n1. To form holes in, as a mole; to burrow; to excavate; as, to mole the earth. 2. To clear of molehills. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.", @@ -49146,10 +42858,7 @@ "molesters": "One who molests.", "molesting": null, "molests": "To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy; to interfere with; to vex. They have molested the church with needless opposition. Hooker. Syn. -- To trouble; disturb; incommode; inconvenience; annoy; vex; tease.\n\nMolestation. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "moliere": null, - "molina": null, "moll": "Minor; in the minor mode; as, A moll, that is, A minor.", - "mollie": null, "mollies": null, "mollification": "The act of mollifying, or the state of being mollified; a softening. Chaucer.", "mollified": null, @@ -49165,10 +42874,6 @@ "mollycoddled": null, "mollycoddles": null, "mollycoddling": null, - "molnar": null, - "moloch": "1. (Script.) The fire god of the Ammonites in Canaan, to whom human sacrifices were offered; Molech. Also applied figuratively. 2. (Zoöl.) A spiny Australian lizard (Moloch horridus). The horns on the head and numerous spines on the body give it a most formidable appearance.", - "molokai": null, - "molotov": null, "molt": "of Melt. Chaucer. Spenser.\n\nTo shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, or the like, as an animal or a bird. Bacon.\n\nTo cast, as the hair, skin, feathers, or the like; to shed.\n\nThe act or process of changing the feathers, hair, skin, etc.; molting.", "molted": null, "molten": "1. Melted; being in a state of fusion, esp. when the liquid state is produced by a high degree of heat; as, molten iron. 2. Made by melting and casting the substance or metal of which the thing is formed; as, a molten image.", @@ -49176,10 +42881,8 @@ "molters": null, "molting": null, "molts": "of Melt. Chaucer. Spenser.\n\nTo shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, or the like, as an animal or a bird. Bacon.\n\nTo cast, as the hair, skin, feathers, or the like; to shed.\n\nThe act or process of changing the feathers, hair, skin, etc.; molting.", - "moluccas": null, "molybdenum": "A rare element of the chromium group, occurring in nature in the minerals molybdenite and wulfenite, and when reduced obtained as a hard, silver-white, difficulty fusible metal. Symbol Mo. Atomic weight 95.9.", "mom": null, - "mombasa": null, "moment": "1. A minute portion of time; a point of time; an instant; as, at thet very moment. In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye. 1 Cor. xv. 52. 2. Impulsive power; force; momentum. The moments or quantities of motion in bodies. Berkley. Touch, with lightest moment of impulse, His free will. Milton. 3. Importance, as in influence or effect; consequence; weight or value; consideration. Matters of great moment. Shak. It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far less moment and consequence of us than the others. Bentley. 4. An essential element; a deciding point, fact, or consideration; an essential or influential circumstance. 5. (Math.) An infinitesimal change in a varying quantity; an increment or decrement. [Obs.] 6. (Mech.) Tendency, or measure of tendency, to produce motion, esp. motion about a fixed point or axis. Moment of a couple (Mech.), the product of either of its forces into the perpendicular distance between them. -- Moment of a force. (Mech.) (a) With respect to a point, the product of the intensity of the force into the perpendicular distance from the point to the line of direction of the force. (b) With respect to a line, the product of that component of the force which is perpendicular to the plane passing through the line and the point of application of the force, into the shortest distance between the line and this point. (c) With respect to a plane that is parallel to the force, the product of the force into the perpendicular distance of its point of application from the plane. -- Moment of inertia, of a rotating body, the sum of the mass of each particle of matter of the body into the square of its distance from the axis of rotation; -- called also moment of rotation and moment of the mass. -- Statical moment, the product of a force into its leverage; the same as moment of a force with respect to a point, line, etc. -- Virtual moment. See under Virtual. Syn. -- Instant; twinkling; consequence; weight; force; value; consideration; signification; avail.", "momenta": null, "momentarily": "Every moment; from moment to moment. Shenstone.", @@ -49193,10 +42896,6 @@ "mommies": null, "mommy": null, "moms": null, - "mon": null, - "mona": "A small, handsome, long-tailed West American monkey (Cercopithecus mona). The body is dark olive, with a spot of white on the haunches.", - "monacan": null, - "monaco": null, "monad": "1. An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible. 2. (Philos. of Leibnitz) The elementary and indestructible units which were conceived of as endowed with the power to produce all the changes they undergo, and thus determine all physical and spiritual phenomena. 3. (Zoöl.) One of the smallest flangellate Infusoria; esp., the species of the genus Monas, and allied genera. 4. (Biol.) A simple, minute organism; a primary cell, germ, or plastid. 5. (Chem.) An atom or radical whose valence is one, or which can combine with, be replaced by, or exchanged for, one atom of hydrogen. Monad deme (Biol.), in tectology, a unit of the first order of individuality.", "monarch": "1. A sole or supreme ruler; a sovereign; the highest ruler; an emperor, king, queen, prince, or chief. He who reigns Monarch in heaven, ... upheld by old repute. Milton. 2. One superior to all others of the same kind; as, an oak is called the monarch of the forest. 3. A patron deity or presiding genius. Come, thou, monarch of the vine, Plumpy Bacchus. Shak. 4. (Zoöl.) A very large red and black butterfly (Danais Plexippus); -- called also milkweed butterfly.\n\nSuperior to others; preëminent; supreme; ruling. \"Monarch savage.\" Pope.", "monarchic": "Of or pertaining to a monarch, or to monarchy. Burke. -- Mo*nar\"chic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -49216,15 +42915,6 @@ "monasticism": "The monastic life, system, or condition. Milman.", "monastics": "A monk.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to monasteries, or to their occupants, rules, etc., as, monastic institutions or rules. 2. Secluded from temporal concerns and devoted to religion; recluse. \"A life monastic.\" Denham.", "monaural": null, - "mondale": null, - "monday": "The second day of the week; the day following Sunday.", - "mondays": "The second day of the week; the day following Sunday.", - "mondrian": null, - "monegasque": null, - "monegasques": null, - "monera": "The lowest division of rhizopods, including those which resemble the amoebas, but are destitute of a nucleus.", - "monessen": null, - "monet": null, "monetarily": null, "monetarism": null, "monetarist": null, @@ -49251,12 +42941,7 @@ "mongered": null, "mongering": null, "mongers": "1. A trader; a dealer; -- now used chiefly in composition; as, fishmonger, ironmonger, newsmonger. 2. A small merchant vessel. [Obs.] Blount.\n\nTo deal in; to make merchandise of; to traffic in; -- used chiefly of discreditable traffic.", - "mongodb": null, "mongol": "One of the Mongols. -- a. Of or pertaining to Mongolia or the Mongols.", - "mongolia": null, - "mongolian": "Of or pertaining to Mongolia or the Mongols. -- n. One of the Mongols.", - "mongolians": "One of the great races of man, including the greater part of the inhabitants of China, Japan, and the interior of Asia, with branches in Northern Europe and other parts of the world. By some American Indians are considered a branch of the Mongols. In a more restricted sense, the inhabitants of Mongolia and adjacent countries, including the Burats and the Kalmuks.", - "mongolic": "See Mongolian.", "mongolism": null, "mongoloid": "Resembling a Mongol or the Mongols; having race characteristics, such as color, hair, and features, like those of the Mongols. Huxley.", "mongoloids": "Resembling a Mongol or the Mongols; having race characteristics, such as color, hair, and features, like those of the Mongols. Huxley.", @@ -49265,11 +42950,9 @@ "mongooses": "A species of ichneumon (Herpestes griseus), native of India. Applied also to other allied species, as the African banded mongoose (Crossarchus fasciatus). [Written also mungoose, mungoos, mungous.]", "mongrel": "The progeny resulting from a cross between two breeds, as of domestic animals; anything of mixed breed. Drayton.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Not of a pure breed. 2. Of mixed kinds; as, mongrel language.", "mongrels": "The progeny resulting from a cross between two breeds, as of domestic animals; anything of mixed breed. Drayton.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Not of a pure breed. 2. Of mixed kinds; as, mongrel language.", - "monica": null, "monies": null, "moniker": null, "monikers": null, - "monique": null, "monism": "1. (Metaph.) That doctrine which refers all phenomena to a single ultimate constituent or agent; -- the opposite of dualism. Note: The doctrine has been held in three generic forms: matter and its phenomena have been explained as a modification of mind, involving an idealistic monism; or mind has been explained by and resolved into matter, giving a materialistic monism; or, thirdly, matter, mind, and their phenomena have been held to be manifestations or modifications of some one substance, like the substance of Spinoza, or a supposed unknown something of some evolutionists, which is capable of an objective and subjective aspect. 2. (Biol.) See Monogenesis, 1.", "monist": "A believer in monism.", "monists": "A believer in monism.", @@ -49291,7 +42974,6 @@ "monks": "1. A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the world, and devotes himself to religion; one of a religious community of men inhabiting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of chastity, obedience, and poverty. \"A monk out of his cloister.\" Chaucer. Monks in some respects agree with regulars, as in the substantial vows of religion; but in other respects monks and regulars differ; for that regulars, vows excepted, are not tied up to so strict a rule of life as monks are. Ayliffe. 2. (Print.) A blotch or spot of ink on a printed page, caused by the ink not being properly distributed. It is distinguished from a friar, or white spot caused by a deficiency of ink. 3. A piece of tinder made of agaric, used in firing the powder hose or train of a mine. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) A South American monkey (Pithecia monachus); also applied to other species, as Cebus xanthocephalus. (b) The European bullfinch. Monk bat (Zoöl.), a South American and West Indian bat (Molossus nasutus); -- so called because the males live in communities by themselves. -- Monk bird(Zoöl.), the friar bird. -- Monk seal (Zoöl.), a species of seal (Monachus albiventer) inhabiting the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic. -- Monk's rhubarb (Bot.), a kind of dock; -- also called patience (Rumex Patientia).", "monkshood": "A plant of the genus Aconitum; aconite. See Aconite. MONK'S SEAM Monk's\" seam`. (Naut.) An extra middle seam made at the junction of two breadths of canvas, ordinarily joined by only two rows of stitches.", "monkshoods": "A plant of the genus Aconitum; aconite. See Aconite. MONK'S SEAM Monk's\" seam`. (Naut.) An extra middle seam made at the junction of two breadths of canvas, ordinarily joined by only two rows of stitches.", - "monmouth": null, "mono": "The black howler of Central America (Mycetes villosus).", "monochromatic": "Consisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color only. Monochromatic lamp (Opt.),a lamp whose flame yields rays of some one homogenous light. It is of great importance in optical experiments.", "monochrome": "A painting or drawing in a single color; a picture made with a single color.", @@ -49335,7 +43017,6 @@ "monomaniacs": "A person affected by monomania.\n\nAffected with monomania, or partial derangement of intellect; caused by, or resulting from, monomania; as, a monomaniacal delusion.", "monomer": null, "monomers": null, - "monongahela": null, "mononucleosis": null, "monophonic": "Single-voiced; having but one part; as, a monophonic composition; -- opposed to Ant: polyphonic.", "monoplane": null, @@ -49372,10 +43053,6 @@ "monounsaturated": null, "monoxide": "An oxide containing one atom of oxygen in each molecule; as, barium monoxide.", "monoxides": "An oxide containing one atom of oxygen in each molecule; as, barium monoxide.", - "monroe": null, - "monrovia": null, - "mons": null, - "monsanto": null, "monseigneur": "My lord; -- a title in France of a person of high birth or rank; as, Monseigneur the Prince, or Monseigneur the Archibishop. It was given, specifically, to the dauphin, before the Revolution of 1789. (Abbrev. Mgr.) MONSEL'S SALT Mon\"sel's salt`. (Med.) A basic sulphate of iron; -- so named from Monsel, a Frenchman. MONSEL'S SOLUTION Mon\"sel's so*lu\"tion. Etym: [See Monsel's salt.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of Monsel's salt, having valuable styptic properties.", "monsieur": "1. The common title of civility in France in speaking to, or of, a man; Mr. or Sir. [Represented by the abbreviation M. or Mons. in the singular, and by MM. or Messrs. in the plural.] 2. The oldest brother of the king of France. 3. A Frenchman. [Contemptuous] Shak.", "monsignor": null, @@ -49391,44 +43068,17 @@ "monstrosity": "The state of being monstrous, or out of the common order of nature; that which is monstrous; a monster. South. A monstrosity never changes the name or affects the immutability of a species. Adanson (Trans. ).", "monstrous": "1. Marvelous; strange. [Obs.] 2. Having the qualities of a monster; deviating greatly from the natural form or character; abnormal; as, a monstrous birth. Locke. He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to love ... is unnatural and monstrous in his affections. Jer. Taylor. 3. Extraordinary in a way to excite wonder, dislike, apprehension, etc.; -- said of size, appearance, color, sound, etc.; as, a monstrous height; a monstrous ox; a monstrous story. 4. Extraordinary on account of ugliness, viciousness, or wickedness; hateful; horrible; dreadful. So bad a death argues a monstrous life. Shak. 5. Abounding in monsters. [R.] Where thou, perhaps, under the whelming tide Visitest the bottom of the monstrous world. Milton.\n\nExceedingly; very; very much. \"A monstrous thick oil on the top.\" Bacon. And will be monstrous witty on the poor. Dryden.", "monstrously": "In a monstrous manner; unnaturally; extraordinarily; as, monstrously wicked. \"Who with his wife is monstrously in love.\" Dryden.", - "mont": "Mountain.", "montage": null, "montages": null, - "montague": null, - "montaigne": "A mountain. [Obs.]", - "montana": null, - "montanan": null, - "montanans": null, - "montcalm": null, - "monte": "A favorite gambling game among Spaniards, played with dice or cards.", - "montenegrin": null, - "montenegro": null, - "monterey": null, - "monterrey": null, - "montesquieu": null, - "montessori": null, - "monteverdi": null, - "montevideo": null, - "montezuma": null, - "montgolfier": "A balloon which ascends by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire; a fire balloon; -- so called from two brothers, Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier, of France, who first constructed and sent up a fire balloon.", - "montgomery": null, "month": "One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided; the twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the length of a synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the name. In popular use, a period of four weeks is often called a month. Note: In the common law, a month is a lunar month, or twenty-eight days, unless otherwise expressed. Blackstone. In the United States the rule of the common law is generally cahanged, and a month is declared to mean a calendar month. Cooley's Blackstone. A month mind. (a) A strong or abnormal desire. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A celebration made in remembrance of a deceased person a month after death. Strype. -- Calendar months, the months as adjusted in the common or Gregorian calendar; April, June, September, and November, containing 30 days, and the rest 31, except February, which, in common years, has 28, and in leap years 29. -- Lunar month, the period of one revolution of the moon, particularly a synodical revolution; but several kinds are distinguished, as the synodical month, or period from one new moon to the next, in mean length 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 2.87 s.; the nodical month, or time of revolution from one node to the same again, in length 27 d. 5 h. 5 m. 36 s.; the sidereal, or time of revolution from a star to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 11.5 s.; the anomalistic, or time of revolution from perigee to perigee again, in length 27 d. 13 h. 18 m. 37.4 s.; and the tropical, or time of passing from any point of the ecliptic to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 4.7 s. -- Solar month, the time in which the sun passes through one sign of the zodiac, in mean length 30 d. 10 h. 29 m. 4.1 s.", "monthlies": null, "monthly": "1. Continued a month, or a performed in a month; as, the monthly revolution of the moon. 2. Done, happening, payable, published, etc., once a month, or every month; as, a monthly visit; monthly charges; a monthly installment; a monthly magazine. Monthly nurse, a nurse who serves for a month or some short time, esp. one which attends women after childbirth.\n\nA publication which appears regularly once a month.\n\n1. Once a month; in every month; as, the moon changes monthly. Shak. 2. As if under the influence of the moon; in the manner of a lunatic. [Obs.] Middleton.", "months": "One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided; the twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the length of a synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the name. In popular use, a period of four weeks is often called a month. Note: In the common law, a month is a lunar month, or twenty-eight days, unless otherwise expressed. Blackstone. In the United States the rule of the common law is generally cahanged, and a month is declared to mean a calendar month. Cooley's Blackstone. A month mind. (a) A strong or abnormal desire. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A celebration made in remembrance of a deceased person a month after death. Strype. -- Calendar months, the months as adjusted in the common or Gregorian calendar; April, June, September, and November, containing 30 days, and the rest 31, except February, which, in common years, has 28, and in leap years 29. -- Lunar month, the period of one revolution of the moon, particularly a synodical revolution; but several kinds are distinguished, as the synodical month, or period from one new moon to the next, in mean length 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 2.87 s.; the nodical month, or time of revolution from one node to the same again, in length 27 d. 5 h. 5 m. 36 s.; the sidereal, or time of revolution from a star to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 11.5 s.; the anomalistic, or time of revolution from perigee to perigee again, in length 27 d. 13 h. 18 m. 37.4 s.; and the tropical, or time of passing from any point of the ecliptic to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 4.7 s. -- Solar month, the time in which the sun passes through one sign of the zodiac, in mean length 30 d. 10 h. 29 m. 4.1 s.", - "monticello": null, - "montoya": null, - "montpelier": null, - "montrachet": null, - "montreal": null, - "montserrat": null, - "monty": null, "monument": "1. Something which stands, or remains, to keep in remembrance what is past; a memorial. Of ancient British art A pleasing monument. Philips. Our bruised arms hung up for monuments. Shak. 2. A building, pillar, stone, or the like, erected to preserve the remembrance of a person, event, action, etc.; as, the Washington monument; the Bunker Hill monument. Also, a tomb, with memorial inscriptions. On your family's old monument Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all rites That appertain unto a burial. Shak. 3. A stone or other permanent object, serving to indicate a limit or to mark a boundary. 4. A saying, deed, or example, worthy of record. Acts and Monuments of these latter and perilous days. Foxe. Syn. -- Memorial; remembrance; tomb; cenotaph.", "monumental": "1. Of, pertaining to, or suitable for, a monument; as, a monumental inscription. 2. Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory. \"Of pine, or monumental oak.\" Milton. A work outlasting monumental brass. Pope.", "monumentally": "1. By way of memorial. 2. By means of monuments.", "monuments": "1. Something which stands, or remains, to keep in remembrance what is past; a memorial. Of ancient British art A pleasing monument. Philips. Our bruised arms hung up for monuments. Shak. 2. A building, pillar, stone, or the like, erected to preserve the remembrance of a person, event, action, etc.; as, the Washington monument; the Bunker Hill monument. Also, a tomb, with memorial inscriptions. On your family's old monument Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all rites That appertain unto a burial. Shak. 3. A stone or other permanent object, serving to indicate a limit or to mark a boundary. 4. A saying, deed, or example, worthy of record. Acts and Monuments of these latter and perilous days. Foxe. Syn. -- Memorial; remembrance; tomb; cenotaph.", "moo": "See Mo. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo make the noise of a cow; to low; -- child's word.\n\nThe lowing of a cow.", - "mooc": null, "mooch": null, "mooched": null, "moocher": null, @@ -49443,13 +43093,11 @@ "moods": "1. Manner; style; mode; logical form; musical style; manner of action or being. See Mode which is the preferable form). 2. (Gram.) Manner of conceiving and expressing action or being, as positive, possible, hypothetical, etc., without regard to other accidents, such as time, person, number, etc.; as, the indicative mood; the infinitive mood; the subjunctive mood. Same as Mode.\n\nTemper of mind; temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feeling; humor; as, a melancholy mood; a suppliant mood. Till at the last aslaked was mood. Chaucer. Fortune is merry, And in this mood will give us anything. Shak. The desperate recklessness of her mood. Hawthorne.", "moody": "1. Subject to varying moods, especially to states of mind which are unamiable or depressed. 2. Hence: Out of humor; peevish; angry; fretful; also, abstracted and pensive; sad; gloomy; melancholy. \"Every peevish, moody malcontent.\" Rowe. Arouse thee from thy moody dream! Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- Gloomy; pensive; sad; fretful; capricious.", "mooed": null, - "moog": null, "mooing": null, "moon": "1. The celestial orb which revolves round the earth; the satellite of the earth; a secondary planet, whose light, borrowed from the sun, is reflected to the earth, and serves to dispel the darkness of night. The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles, its mean distance from the earth is 240,000 miles, and its mass is one eightieth that of the earth. See Lunar month, under Month. The crescent moon, the diadem of night. Cowper. 2. A secondary planet, or satellite, revolving about any member of the solar system; as, the moons of Jupiter or Saturn. 3. The time occupied by the moon in making one revolution in her orbit; a month. Shak. 4. (Fort.) A crescentlike outwork. See Half-moon. Moon blindness. (a) (Far.) A kind of ophthalmia liable to recur at intervals of three or four weeks. (b) (Med.) Hemeralopia. -- Moon dial, a dial used to indicate time by moonlight. -- Moon face, a round face like a full moon. -- Moon madness, lunacy. [Poetic] -- Moon month, a lunar month. -- Moon trefoil (Bot.), a shrubby species of medic (Medicago arborea). See Medic. -- Moon year, a lunar year, consisting of lunar months, being sometimes twelve and sometimes thirteen.\n\nTo expose to the rays of the moon. If they have it to be exceeding white indeed, they seethe it yet once more, after it hath been thus sunned and mooned. Holland.\n\nTo act if moonstruck; to wander or gaze about in an abstracted manner. Elsley was mooning down the river by himself. C. Kingsley.", "moonbeam": "A ray of light from the moon.", "moonbeams": "A ray of light from the moon.", "mooned": "Of or resembling the moon; symbolized by the moon. \"Sharpening in mooned horns.\" \"Mooned Ashtaroth.\" Milton.", - "mooney": null, "mooning": null, "moonless": "Being without a moon or moonlight.", "moonlight": "The light of the moon. -- a. Occurring during or by moonlight; characterized by moonlight.", @@ -49474,13 +43122,11 @@ "moonwalk": null, "moonwalks": null, "moor": "1. One of a mixed race inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli, chiefly along the coast and in towns. 2. (Hist.) Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have adopted the Mohammedan religion. \"In Spanish history the terms Moors, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous.\" Internat. Cyc.\n\n1. An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath. In her girlish age she kept sheep on the moor. Carew. 2. A game preserve consisting of moorland. Moor buzzard (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Moor coal (Geol.), a friable variety of lignite. -- Moor cock (Zoöl.), the male of the moor fowl or red grouse of Europe. -- Moor coot. (Zoöl.) See Gallinule. -- Moor fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European ptarmigan, or red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus). (b) The European heath grouse. See under Heath. -- Moor game. (Zoöl.) Same as Moor fowl (above). -- Moor grass (Bot.), a tufted perennial grass (Sesleria cærulea), found in mountain pastures of Europe. -- Moor hawk (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier. -- Moor hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The female of the moor fowl. (b) A gallinule, esp. the European species. See Gallinule. (c) An Australian rail (Tribonyx ventralis). -- Moor monkey (Zoöl.), the black macaque of Borneo (Macacus maurus). -- Moor titling (Zoöl.), the European stonechat (Pratinocola rubicola).\n\n1. (Naut.) To fix or secure, as a vessel, in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with cables or chains; as, the vessel was moored in the stream; they moored the boat to the wharf. 2. Fig.: To secure, or fix firmly. Brougham.\n\nTo cast anchor; to become fast. On oozy ground his galleys moor. Dryden.", - "moore": null, "moored": null, "moorhen": null, "moorhens": null, "mooring": "1. The act of confining a ship to a particular place, by means of anchors or fastenings. 2. That which serves to confine a ship to a place, as anchors, cables, bridles, etc. 3. pl. The place or condition of a ship thus confined. And the tossed bark in moorings swings. Moore. Mooring block (Naut.), a heavy block of cast iron sometimes used as an anchor for mooring vessels.", "moorings": "1. The act of confining a ship to a particular place, by means of anchors or fastenings. 2. That which serves to confine a ship to a place, as anchors, cables, bridles, etc. 3. pl. The place or condition of a ship thus confined. And the tossed bark in moorings swings. Moore. Mooring block (Naut.), a heavy block of cast iron sometimes used as an anchor for mooring vessels.", - "moorish": "Having the characteristics of a moor or heath. \"Moorish fens.\" Thomson.\n\nOf or pertaining to Morocco or the Moors; in the style of the Moors. Moorish architecture, the style developed by the Moors in the later Middle Ages, esp. in Spain, in which the arch had the form of a horseshoe, and the ornamentation admitted no representation of animal life. It has many points of resemblance to the Arabian and Persian styles, but should be distinguished from them. See Illust. under Moresque.", "moorland": "Land consisting of a moor or moors.", "moorlands": "Land consisting of a moor or moors.", "moors": "1. One of a mixed race inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli, chiefly along the coast and in towns. 2. (Hist.) Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have adopted the Mohammedan religion. \"In Spanish history the terms Moors, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous.\" Internat. Cyc.\n\n1. An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath. In her girlish age she kept sheep on the moor. Carew. 2. A game preserve consisting of moorland. Moor buzzard (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Moor coal (Geol.), a friable variety of lignite. -- Moor cock (Zoöl.), the male of the moor fowl or red grouse of Europe. -- Moor coot. (Zoöl.) See Gallinule. -- Moor fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European ptarmigan, or red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus). (b) The European heath grouse. See under Heath. -- Moor game. (Zoöl.) Same as Moor fowl (above). -- Moor grass (Bot.), a tufted perennial grass (Sesleria cærulea), found in mountain pastures of Europe. -- Moor hawk (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier. -- Moor hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The female of the moor fowl. (b) A gallinule, esp. the European species. See Gallinule. (c) An Australian rail (Tribonyx ventralis). -- Moor monkey (Zoöl.), the black macaque of Borneo (Macacus maurus). -- Moor titling (Zoöl.), the European stonechat (Pratinocola rubicola).\n\n1. (Naut.) To fix or secure, as a vessel, in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with cables or chains; as, the vessel was moored in the stream; they moored the boat to the wharf. 2. Fig.: To secure, or fix firmly. Brougham.\n\nTo cast anchor; to become fast. On oozy ground his galleys moor. Dryden.", @@ -49511,7 +43157,6 @@ "moraines": "An accumulation of earth and stones carried forward and deposited by a glacier. Lyell. Note: If the moranie is at the extremity of the glacier it is a terminal moranie; if at the side, a lateral moranie; if parallel to the side on the central portion of the glacier, a medial moranie. See Illust. of Glacier. In the last case it is formed by the union of the lateral moranies of the branches of the glacier. A ground moranie is one beneath the mass of ice.", "moral": "1. Relating to duty or obligation; pertaining to those intentions and actions of which right and wrong, virtue and vice, are predicated, or to the rules by which such intentions and actions ought to be directed; relating to the practice, manners, or conduct of men as social beings in relation to each other, as respects right and wrong, so far as they are properly subject to rules. Keep at the least within the compass of moral actions, which have in them vice or virtue. Hooker. Mankind is broken loose from moral bands. Dryden. She had wandered without rule or guidance in a moral wilderness. Hawthorne. 2. Conformed to accepted rules of right; acting in conformity with such rules; virtuous; just; as, a moral man. Used sometimes in distinction from religious; as, a moral rather than a religious life. The wiser and more moral part of mankind. Sir M. Hale. 3. Capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by a sense of right; subject to the law of duty. A moral agent is a being capable of those actions that have a moral quality, and which can properly be denominated good or evil in a moral sense. J. Edwards. 4. Acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral arguments; moral considerations. Sometimes opposed to material and physical; as, moral pressure or support. 5. Supported by reason or probability; practically sufficient; -- opposed to legal or demonstrable; as, a moral evidence; a moral certainty. 6. Serving to teach or convey a moral; as, a moral lesson; moral tales. Moral agent, a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong. -- Moral certainty, a very high degree or probability, although not demonstrable as a certainty; a probability of so high a degree that it can be confidently acted upon in the affairs of life; as, there is a moral certainty of his guilt. -- Moral insanity, insanity, so called, of the moral system; badness alleged to be irresponsible. -- Moral philosophy, the science of duty; the science which treats of the nature and condition of man as a moral being, of the duties which result from his moral relations, and the reasons on which they are founded. -- Moral play, an allegorical play; a morality. [Obs.] -- Moral sense, the power of moral judgment and feeling; the capacity to perceive what is right or wrong in moral conduct, and to approve or disapprove, independently of education or the knowledge of any positive rule or law. -- Moral theology, theology applied to morals; practical theology; casuistry.\n\n1. The doctrine or practice of the duties of life; manner of living as regards right and wrong; conduct; behavior; -- usually in the plural. Corrupt in their morals as vice could make them. South. 2. The inner meaning or significance of a fable, a narrative, an occurrence, an experience, etc.; the practical lesson which anything is designed or fitted to teach; the doctrine meant to be inculcated by a fiction; a maxim. Thus may we gather honey from the weed, And make a moral of the devil himself. Shak. To point a moral, or adorn a tale. Johnson. We protest against the principle that the world of pure comedy is one into which no moral enters. Macaulay. 3. A morality play. See Morality, 5.\n\nTo moralize. [Obs.] Shak.", "morale": "The moral condition, or the condition in other respects, so far as it is affected by, or dependent upon, moral considerations, such as zeal, spirit, hope, and confidence; mental state, as of a body of men, an army, and the like.", - "morales": "The moral condition, or the condition in other respects, so far as it is affected by, or dependent upon, moral considerations, such as zeal, spirit, hope, and confidence; mental state, as of a body of men, an army, and the like.", "moralism": "A maxim or saying embodying a moral truth. Farrar.", "moralist": "1. One who moralizes; one who teaches or animadverts upon the duties of life; a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate moral duties. Addison. 2. One who practices moral duties; a person who lives in conformity with moral rules; one of correct deportment and dealings with his fellow-creatures; -- sometimes used in contradistinction to one whose life is controlled by religious motives. The love (in the moralist of virtue, but in the Christian) of God himself. Hammond.", "moralistic": null, @@ -49528,13 +43173,10 @@ "moralizing": null, "morally": "1. In a moral or ethical sense; according to the rules of morality. By good, good morally so called, \"bonum honestum\" ought chiefly to be understood. South. 2. According to moral rules; virtuously. \"To live morally.\" Dryden. 3. In moral qualities; in disposition and character; as, one who physically and morally endures hardships. 4. In a manner calculated to serve as the basis of action; according to the usual course of things and human judgment; according to reason and probability. It is morally impossible for an hypocrite to keep himself long upon his guard. L'Estrange.", "morals": "1. Relating to duty or obligation; pertaining to those intentions and actions of which right and wrong, virtue and vice, are predicated, or to the rules by which such intentions and actions ought to be directed; relating to the practice, manners, or conduct of men as social beings in relation to each other, as respects right and wrong, so far as they are properly subject to rules. Keep at the least within the compass of moral actions, which have in them vice or virtue. Hooker. Mankind is broken loose from moral bands. Dryden. She had wandered without rule or guidance in a moral wilderness. Hawthorne. 2. Conformed to accepted rules of right; acting in conformity with such rules; virtuous; just; as, a moral man. Used sometimes in distinction from religious; as, a moral rather than a religious life. The wiser and more moral part of mankind. Sir M. Hale. 3. Capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by a sense of right; subject to the law of duty. A moral agent is a being capable of those actions that have a moral quality, and which can properly be denominated good or evil in a moral sense. J. Edwards. 4. Acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral arguments; moral considerations. Sometimes opposed to material and physical; as, moral pressure or support. 5. Supported by reason or probability; practically sufficient; -- opposed to legal or demonstrable; as, a moral evidence; a moral certainty. 6. Serving to teach or convey a moral; as, a moral lesson; moral tales. Moral agent, a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong. -- Moral certainty, a very high degree or probability, although not demonstrable as a certainty; a probability of so high a degree that it can be confidently acted upon in the affairs of life; as, there is a moral certainty of his guilt. -- Moral insanity, insanity, so called, of the moral system; badness alleged to be irresponsible. -- Moral philosophy, the science of duty; the science which treats of the nature and condition of man as a moral being, of the duties which result from his moral relations, and the reasons on which they are founded. -- Moral play, an allegorical play; a morality. [Obs.] -- Moral sense, the power of moral judgment and feeling; the capacity to perceive what is right or wrong in moral conduct, and to approve or disapprove, independently of education or the knowledge of any positive rule or law. -- Moral theology, theology applied to morals; practical theology; casuistry.\n\n1. The doctrine or practice of the duties of life; manner of living as regards right and wrong; conduct; behavior; -- usually in the plural. Corrupt in their morals as vice could make them. South. 2. The inner meaning or significance of a fable, a narrative, an occurrence, an experience, etc.; the practical lesson which anything is designed or fitted to teach; the doctrine meant to be inculcated by a fiction; a maxim. Thus may we gather honey from the weed, And make a moral of the devil himself. Shak. To point a moral, or adorn a tale. Johnson. We protest against the principle that the world of pure comedy is one into which no moral enters. Macaulay. 3. A morality play. See Morality, 5.\n\nTo moralize. [Obs.] Shak.", - "moran": null, "morass": "A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen. Morass ore. (Min.) See Bog ore, under Bog.", "morasses": null, "moratorium": "A period during which an obligor has a legal right to delay meeting an obligation, esp. such a period granted, as to a bank, by a moratory law.", "moratoriums": "A period during which an obligor has a legal right to delay meeting an obligation, esp. such a period granted, as to a bank, by a moratory law.", - "moravia": null, - "moravian": "Of or pertaining to Moravia, or to the United Brethren. See Moravian, n.\n\nOne of a religious sect called the United Brethern (an offshoot of the Hussites in Bohemia), which formed a separate church of Moravia, a northern district of Austria, about the middle of the 15th century. After being nearly extirpated by persecution, the society, under the name of The Renewed Church of the United Brethren, was reëstablished in 1722-35 on the estates of Count Zinzendorf in Saxony. Called also Herrnhuter.", "moray": "A muræna.", "morays": "A muræna.", "morbid": "1. Not sound and healthful; induced by a diseased or abnormal condition; diseased; sickly; as, morbid humors; a morbid constitution; a morbid state of the juices of a plant. \"Her sick and morbid heart.\" Hawthorne. 2. Of or pertaining to disease or diseased parts; as, morbid anatomy. Syn. -- Diseased; sickly; sick. -- Morbid, Diseased. Morbid is sometimes used interchangeably with diseased, but is commonly applied, in a somewhat technical sense, to cases of a prolonged nature; as, a morbid condition of the nervous system; a morbid sensibility, etc.", @@ -49545,39 +43187,21 @@ "mordant": "1. Biting; caustic; sarcastic; keen; severe. 2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing) Serving to fix colors.\n\n1. Any corroding substance used in etching. 2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing) Any substance, as alum or copperas, which, having a twofold attraction for organic fibers and coloring matter, serves as a bond of union, and thus gives fixity to, or bites in, the dyes. 3. (Gilding) Any sticky matter by which the gold leaf is made to adhere.\n\nTo subject to the action of, or imbue with, a mordant; as, to mordant goods for dyeing.", "mordantly": "In the manner of a mordant.", "mordants": "1. Biting; caustic; sarcastic; keen; severe. 2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing) Serving to fix colors.\n\n1. Any corroding substance used in etching. 2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing) Any substance, as alum or copperas, which, having a twofold attraction for organic fibers and coloring matter, serves as a bond of union, and thus gives fixity to, or bites in, the dyes. 3. (Gilding) Any sticky matter by which the gold leaf is made to adhere.\n\nTo subject to the action of, or imbue with, a mordant; as, to mordant goods for dyeing.", - "mordred": null, "more": "A hill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nA root. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Greater; superior; increased; as: (a) Greater in quality, amount, degree, quality, and the like; with the singular. He gat more money. Chaucer. If we procure not to ourselves more woe. Milton. Note: More, in this sense, was formerly used in connection with some other qualifying word, -- a, the, this, their, etc., -- which now requires the substitution of greater, further, or the like, for more. Whilst sisters nine, which dwell on Parnasse height, Do make them music for their more delight. Spenser. The more part knew not wherefore they were come together. Acts xix. 32. Wrong not that wrong with a more contempt. Shak. (b) Greater in number; exceeding in numbers; -- with the plural. The people of the children of Israel are more and mighter than we. Ex. i. 9. 2. Additional; other; as, he wept because there were no more words to conquer. With open arms received one poet more. Pope.\n\n1. A greater quantity, amount, or number; that which exceeds or surpasses in any way what it is compared with. And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less. Ex. xvi. 17. 2. That which is in addition; something other and further; an additional or greater amount. They that would have more and more can never have enough. L'Estrange. O! That pang where more than madness lies. Byron. Any more. (a) Anything or something additional or further; as, I do not need any more. (b) Adverbially: Further; beyond a certain time; as, do not think any more about it. -- No more, not anything more; nothing in addition. -- The more and less, the high and low. [Obs.] Shak. \"All cried, both less and more.\" Chaucer.\n\n1. In a greater quantity; in or to a greater extent or degree. (a) With a verb or participle. Admiring more The riches of Heaven's pavement. Milton. (b) With an adjective or adverb (instead of the suffix -er) to form the comparative degree; as, more durable; more active; more sweetly. Happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon. Note: Double comparatives were common among writers of the Elizabeth period, and for some time later; as, more brighter; more dearer. The duke of Milan And his more braver daughter. Shak. 2. In addition; further; besides; again. Yet once more, Oye laurels, and once more, Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere, I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton. More and more, with continual increase. \"Amon trespassed more and more.\" 2 Chron. xxxiii. 23. -- The more, to a greater degree; by an added quantity; for a reason already specified. -- The more -- the more, by how much more -- by so much more. \"The more he praised in himself, the more he seems to suspect that in very deed it was not in him.\" Milton. -- To be no more, to have ceased to be; as, Cassius is no more; Troy is no more. Those oracles which set the world in flames, Nor ceased to burn till kingdoms were no more. Byron.\n\nTo make more; to increase. [Obs.] Gower.", "moreish": null, "morel": "An edible fungus (Morchella esculenta), the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium. It is used as food, and for flavoring sauces. [Written also moril.]\n\n1. Nightshade; -- so called from its blackish purple berries. [Written also morelle.] 2. A kind of cherry. See Morello. Great morel, the deadly nightshade. -- Petty morel, the black nightshade. See Nightshade.", "morels": "An edible fungus (Morchella esculenta), the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium. It is used as food, and for flavoring sauces. [Written also moril.]\n\n1. Nightshade; -- so called from its blackish purple berries. [Written also morelle.] 2. A kind of cherry. See Morello. Great morel, the deadly nightshade. -- Petty morel, the black nightshade. See Nightshade.", - "moreno": null, "moreover": "Beyond what has been said; further; besides; in addition; furthermore; also; likewise. Moreover, he hath left you all his walks. Shak. Syn. -- Besides, Moreover. Of the two words, moreover is the stronger and is properly used in solemn discourse, or when what is added is important to be considered. See Besides.", "mores": "Customs; habits; esp., customs conformity to which is more or less obligatory; customary law.", - "morgan": "One of a celebrated breed of American trotting horses; -- so called from the name of the stud from which the breed originated in Vermont.", - "morgans": "One of a celebrated breed of American trotting horses; -- so called from the name of the stud from which the breed originated in Vermont.", - "morgantown": null, "morgue": "A place where the bodies of persons found dead are exposed, that they may be identified, or claimed by their friends; a deadhouse.", "morgues": "A place where the bodies of persons found dead are exposed, that they may be identified, or claimed by their friends; a deadhouse.", - "moriarty": null, "moribund": "In a dying state; dying; at the point of death. The patient was comatose and moribund. Copland.\n\nA dying person. [R.]", - "morin": "A yellow crystalline substance of acid properties extracted from fustic (Maclura tinctoria, formerly called Morus tinctoria); -- called also moric acid.", - "morison": null, - "morita": null, - "morley": null, - "mormon": "(a) A genus of sea birds, having a large, thick bill; the puffin. (b) The mandrill.\n\nOne of a sect in the United States, followers of Joseph Smith, who professed to have found an addition to the Bible, engraved on golden plates, called the Book of Mormon, first published in 1830. The Mormons believe in polygamy, and their hierarchy of apostles, etc., has control of civil and religious matters. Note: The Mormons call their religious organization The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its head claims to receive revelations of God's will, and to have certain supernatural powers.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Mormons; as, the Mormon religion; Mormon practices.", - "mormonism": "The doctrine, system, and practices of the Mormons.", - "mormonisms": "The doctrine, system, and practices of the Mormons.", - "mormons": "(a) A genus of sea birds, having a large, thick bill; the puffin. (b) The mandrill.\n\nOne of a sect in the United States, followers of Joseph Smith, who professed to have found an addition to the Bible, engraved on golden plates, called the Book of Mormon, first published in 1830. The Mormons believe in polygamy, and their hierarchy of apostles, etc., has control of civil and religious matters. Note: The Mormons call their religious organization The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its head claims to receive revelations of God's will, and to have certain supernatural powers.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Mormons; as, the Mormon religion; Mormon practices.", "morn": "The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. From morn To noun he fell, from noon to dewy eve. Milton.", "morning": "Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in the early part of the day; as, morning dew; morning light; morning service. She looks as clear As morning roses newly washed with dew. Shak. Morning gown, a gown worn in the morning before one is dressed for the day. -- Morning gun, a gun fired at the first stroke of reveille at military posts. -- Morning sickness (Med.), nausea and vomiting, usually occurring in the morning; -- a common sign of pregnancy. -- Morning star. (a) Any one of the planets (Venus, Jupiter, Mars, or Saturn) when it precedes the sun in rising, esp. Venus. Cf. Evening star, Evening. (b) Satan. See Lucifer. Since he miscalled the morning star, Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far. Byron. (c) A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes, either attached to a staff or suspended from one by a chain. -- Morning watch (Naut.), the watch between four A. M. and eight A. M..", "mornings": "Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in the early part of the day; as, morning dew; morning light; morning service. She looks as clear As morning roses newly washed with dew. Shak. Morning gown, a gown worn in the morning before one is dressed for the day. -- Morning gun, a gun fired at the first stroke of reveille at military posts. -- Morning sickness (Med.), nausea and vomiting, usually occurring in the morning; -- a common sign of pregnancy. -- Morning star. (a) Any one of the planets (Venus, Jupiter, Mars, or Saturn) when it precedes the sun in rising, esp. Venus. Cf. Evening star, Evening. (b) Satan. See Lucifer. Since he miscalled the morning star, Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far. Byron. (c) A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes, either attached to a staff or suspended from one by a chain. -- Morning watch (Naut.), the watch between four A. M. and eight A. M..", "morns": "The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. From morn To noun he fell, from noon to dewy eve. Milton.", - "moro": "A small abscess or tumor having a resemblance to a mulberry. Dunglison.", - "moroccan": "Of or pertaining to Morocco, or its inhabitants.", - "moroccans": "Of or pertaining to Morocco, or its inhabitants.", "morocco": "A fine kind of leather, prepared commonly from goatskin (though an inferior kind is made of sheepskin), and tanned with sumac and dyed of various colors; -- said to have been first made by the Moors.", "moron": "A person whose intellectual development proceeds normally up to about the eighth year of age and is then arrested so that there is little or no further development.\n\nAn inferior olive size having a woody pulp and a large clingstone pit, growing in the mountainous and high-valley districts around the city of Moron, in Spain.", - "moroni": null, "moronic": null, "moronically": null, "morons": "A person whose intellectual development proceeds normally up to about the eighth year of age and is then arrested so that there is little or no further development.\n\nAn inferior olive size having a woody pulp and a large clingstone pit, growing in the mountainous and high-valley districts around the city of Moron, in Spain.", @@ -49589,23 +43213,16 @@ "morpheme": null, "morphemes": null, "morphemic": null, - "morpheus": "The god of dreams.", "morphia": "Morphine.", "morphine": "A bitter white crystalline alkaloid found in opium, possessing strong narcotic properties, and much used as an anodyne; -- called also morphia, and morphina.", "morphing": null, "morphological": "Of, pertaining to, or according to, the principles of morphology. -- Mor`pho*log\"ic*al*ly, adv.", "morphology": "That branch of biology which deals with the structure of animals and plants, treating of the forms of organs and describing their varieties, homologies, and metamorphoses. See Tectology, and Promorphology.", "morphs": null, - "morphy": null, - "morris": "1. A Moorish dance, usually performed by a single dancer, who accompanies the dance with castanets. 2. A dance formerly common in England, often performed in pagenats, processions, and May games. The dancers, grotesquely dressed and ornamented, took the parts of Robin Hood, Maidmarian, and other fictious characters. 3. An old game played with counters, or men, which are placed angles of a figure drawn on a board or on the ground; also, the board or ground on which the game is played. The nine-men's morris is filled up with mud. Shak. Note: The figure consists of three concentric squares, with lines from the angles of the outer one to those of the inner, and from the middle of each side of the outer square to that of the inner. The game is played by two persons with nine or twelve pieces each (hence called nine-men's morris or twelve-men's morris). The pieces are placed alternately, and each player endeavors to prevent his opponent from making a straight row of three. Should either succeed in making a row, he may take up one of his opponent's pieces, and he who takes off all of his opponent's pieces wins the game.\n\nA marine fish having a very slender, flat, transparent body. It is now generally believed to be the young of the conger eel or some allied fish.", - "morrison": null, - "morristown": null, "morrow": "1. Morning. [Obs.] \"White as morrow's milk.\" Bp. Hall. We loved he by the morwe a sop in wine. Chaucer. 2. The next following day; the day subsequent to any day specified or understood. Lev. vii. 16. Till this stormy night is gone, And the eternal morrow dawn. Crashaw. 3. The day following the present; to-morrow. Good morrow, good morning; -- a form of salutation. -- To morrow. See To-morrow in the Vocabulary.", "morrows": "1. Morning. [Obs.] \"White as morrow's milk.\" Bp. Hall. We loved he by the morwe a sop in wine. Chaucer. 2. The next following day; the day subsequent to any day specified or understood. Lev. vii. 16. Till this stormy night is gone, And the eternal morrow dawn. Crashaw. 3. The day following the present; to-morrow. Good morrow, good morning; -- a form of salutation. -- To morrow. See To-morrow in the Vocabulary.", - "morse": "The walrus. See Walrus.\n\nA clasp for fastening garments in front. Fairholt.", "morsel": "1. A little bite or bit of food. Chaucer. Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired digestion. South. 2. A small quantity; a little piece; a fragment.", "morsels": "1. A little bite or bit of food. Chaucer. Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired digestion. South. 2. A small quantity; a little piece; a fragment.", - "mort": "A great quantity or number. [Prov. Eng.] There was a mort of merrymaking. Dickens.\n\nA woman; a female. [Cant] Male gypsies all, not a mort among them. B. Jonson.\n\nA salmon in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. Death; esp., the death of game in the chase. 2. A note or series of notes sounded on a horn at the death of game. The sportsman then sounded a treble mort. Sir W. Scott. 3. The skin of a sheep or lamb that has died of disease. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Mort cloth, the pall spread over a coffin; black cloth indicative or mourning; funeral hangings. Carlyle. -- Mort stone, a large stone by the wayside on which the bearers rest a coffin. [Eng.] H. Taylor.", "mortal": "1. Subject to death; destined to die; as, man is mortal. 2. Destructive to life; causing or occasioning death; terminating life; exposing to or deserving death; deadly; as, a mortal wound; a mortal sin. 3. Fatally vulnerable; vital. Last of all, against himself he turns his sword, but missing the mortal place, with his poniard finishes the work. Milton. 4. Of or pertaining to the time of death. Safe in the hand of one disposing Power, Or in the natal or the mortal hour. Pope. 5. Affecting as if with power to kill; deathly. The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright. Dryden. 6. Human; belonging to man, who is mortal; as, mortal wit or knowledge; mortal power. The voice of God To mortal ear is dreadful. Milton. 7. Very painful or tedious; wearisome; as, a sermon lasting two mortal hours. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott. Mortal foe, Mortal enemy, an inveterate, desperate, or implacable enemy; a foe bent on one's destruction.\n\nA being subject to death; a human being; man. \"Warn poor mortals left behind.\" Tickell.", "mortality": "1. The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying. When I saw her die, I then did think on your mortality. Carew. 2. Human life; the life of a mortal being. From this instant There 's nothing serious in mortality. Shak. 3. Those who are, or that which is, mortal; the human cace; humanity; human nature. Take these tears, mortality's relief. Pope. 4. Death; destruction. Shak. 5. The whole sum or number of deaths in a given time or a given community; also, the proportion of deaths to population, or to a specific number of the population; death rate; as, a time of great, or low, mortality; the mortality among the settlers was alarming. Bill of mortality. See under Bill. -- Law of mortality, a mathematical relation between the numbers living at different ages, so that from a given large number of persons alive at one age, it can be computed what number are likely to survive a given number of years. -- Table of mortality, a table exhibiting the average relative number of persons who survive, or who have died, at the end of each year of life, out of a given number supposed to have been born at the same time.", "mortally": "1. In a mortal manner; so as to cause death; as, mortally wounded. 2. In the manner of a mortal or of mortal beings. I was mortally brought forth. Shak. 3. In an extreme degree; to the point of dying or causing death; desperately; as, mortally jealous. Adrian mortally envied poets, painters, and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein to excel. Bacon.", @@ -49631,21 +43248,15 @@ "mortifies": null, "mortify": "1. To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of; to produce gangrene in. 2. To destroy the active powers or essential qualities of; to change by chemical action. [Obs.] Chaucer. Quicksilver is mortified with turpentine. Bacon. He mortified pearls in vinegar. Hakewill. 3. To deaden by religious or other discipline, as the carnal affections, bodily appetites, or worldly desires; to bring into subjection; to abase; to humble. With fasting mortified, worn out with tears. Harte. Mortify thy learned lust. Prior. Mortify, rherefore, your members which are upon the earth. Col. iii. 5. 4. To affect with vexation, chagrin, or humiliation; to humble; to depress. The news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly mortified our expectations. Evelyn. How often is the ambitious man mortified with the very praises he receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought! Addison.\n\n1. To lose vitality and organic structure, as flesh of a living body; to gangrene. 2. To practice penance from religious motives; to deaden desires by religious discipline. This makes him ... give alms of all that he hath, watch, fast, and mortify. Law. 3. To be subdued; to decay, as appetites, desires, etc.", "mortifying": "1. Tending to mortify; affected by, or having symptoms of, mortification; as, a mortifying wound; mortifying flesh. 2. Subduing the appetites, desires, etc.; as, mortifying penances. 3. Tending to humble or abase; humiliating; as, a mortifying repulse.", - "mortimer": null, "mortise": "A cavity cut into a piece of timber, or other material, to receive something (as the end of another piece) made to fit it, and called a tenon. Mortise and tenon (Carp.), made with a mortise and tenon; joined or united by means of a mortise and tenon; -- used adjectively. -- Mortise joint, a joint made by a mortise and tenon. -- Mortise lock. See under Lock. -- Mortise wheel, a cast-iron wheel, with wooden clogs inserted in mortises on its face or edge; -- also called mortise gear, and core gear.\n\n1. To cut or make a mortisein. 2. To join or fasten by a tenon and mortise; as, to mortise a beam into a post, or a joist into a girder.", "mortised": null, "mortises": "A cavity cut into a piece of timber, or other material, to receive something (as the end of another piece) made to fit it, and called a tenon. Mortise and tenon (Carp.), made with a mortise and tenon; joined or united by means of a mortise and tenon; -- used adjectively. -- Mortise joint, a joint made by a mortise and tenon. -- Mortise lock. See under Lock. -- Mortise wheel, a cast-iron wheel, with wooden clogs inserted in mortises on its face or edge; -- also called mortise gear, and core gear.\n\n1. To cut or make a mortisein. 2. To join or fasten by a tenon and mortise; as, to mortise a beam into a post, or a joist into a girder.", "mortising": null, - "morton": null, "mortuaries": null, "mortuary": "1. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot, a customary gift claimed by, and due to, the minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. It seems to have been originally a voluntary bequest or donation, intended to make amends for any failure in the payment of tithes of which the deceased had been guilty. 2. A burial place; a place for the dead. 3. A place for the reception of the dead before burial; a deadhouse; a morgue.\n\nOf or pertaining to the dead; as, mortuary monuments. Mortuary urn, an urn for holding the ashes of the dead.", "mos": "sing. of Mores.", "mosaic": "1. (Fine Arts) A surface decoration made by inlaying in patterns small pieces of variously colored glass, stone, or other material; -- called also mosaic work. 2. A picture or design made in mosaic; an article decorated in mosaic.\n\nOf or pertaining to the style of work called mosaic; formed by uniting pieces of different colors; variegated; tessellated; also, composed of various materials or ingredients. A very beautiful mosaic pavement. Addison. Florentine mosaic. See under Florentine. -- Mosaic gold. (a) See Ormolu. -- (b) Stannic sulphide, SnS2, obtained as a yellow scaly crystalline powder, and used as a pigment in bronzing and gilding wood and metal work. It was called by the alchemists aurum musivum, or aurum mosaicum. Called also bronze powder. -- Mosaic work. See Mosaic, n.\n\nOf or pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites, or established through his agency; as, the Mosaic law, rites, or institutions.", "mosaics": "1. (Fine Arts) A surface decoration made by inlaying in patterns small pieces of variously colored glass, stone, or other material; -- called also mosaic work. 2. A picture or design made in mosaic; an article decorated in mosaic.\n\nOf or pertaining to the style of work called mosaic; formed by uniting pieces of different colors; variegated; tessellated; also, composed of various materials or ingredients. A very beautiful mosaic pavement. Addison. Florentine mosaic. See under Florentine. -- Mosaic gold. (a) See Ormolu. -- (b) Stannic sulphide, SnS2, obtained as a yellow scaly crystalline powder, and used as a pigment in bronzing and gilding wood and metal work. It was called by the alchemists aurum musivum, or aurum mosaicum. Called also bronze powder. -- Mosaic work. See Mosaic, n.\n\nOf or pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites, or established through his agency; as, the Mosaic law, rites, or institutions.", - "moscow": null, - "moseley": null, - "moselle": "A light wine, usually white, produced in the vicinity of the river Moselle.", - "moses": "A large flatboat, used in the West Indies for taking freight from shore to ship.", "mosey": "To go, or move (in a certain manner); -- usually with out, off, along, etc. [Colloq.] E. N. Wescott.", "moseyed": null, "moseying": null, @@ -49654,7 +43265,6 @@ "moshed": null, "moshes": null, "moshing": null, - "mosley": null, "mosque": "A Mohammedan church or place of religious worship. [Written also mosk.]", "mosques": "A Mohammedan church or place of religious worship. [Written also mosk.]", "mosquito": "Any one of various species of gnats of the genus Culex and allied genera. The females have a proboscis containing, within the sheathlike labium, six fine, sharp, needlelike organs with which they puncture the skin of man and animals to suck the blood. These bites, when numerous, cause, in many persons, considerable irritation and swelling, with some pain. The larvæ and pupæ, called wigglers, are aquatic. [Written also musquito.] Mosquito bar, Mosquito net, a net or curtain for excluding mosquitoes, -- used for beds and windows. -- Mosquito fleet, a fleet of small vessels. -- Mosquito hawk (Zoöl.), a dragon fly; -- so called because it captures and feeds upon mosquitoes. -- Mosquito netting, a loosely-woven gauzelike fabric for making mosquito bars.", @@ -49668,7 +43278,6 @@ "mossy": "1. Overgrown with moss; abounding with or edged with moss; as, mossy trees; mossy streams. Old trees are more mossy far than young. Bacon. 2. Resembling moss; as, mossy green.", "most": "1. Consisting of the greatest number or quantity; greater in number or quantity than all the rest; nearly all. \"Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness.\" Prov. xx. 6. The cities wherein most of his mighty works were done. Matt. xi. 20. 2. Greatest in degree; as, he has the most need of it. \"In the moste pride.\" Chaucer. 3. Highest in rank; greatest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Note: Most is used as a noun, the words part, portion, quantity, etc., being omitted, and has the following meanings: 1. The greatest value, number, or part; preponderating portion; highest or chief part. 2. The utmost; greatest possible amount, degree, or result; especially in the phrases to make the most of, at the most, at most. A quarter of a year or some months at the most. Bacon. A covetous man makes the most of what he has. L'Estrange. For the most part, in reference to the larger part of a thing, or to the majority of the persons, instances, or things referred to; as, human beings, for the most part, are superstitious; the view, for the most part, was pleasing. -- Most an end, generally. See An end, under End, n. [Obs.] \"She sleeps most an end.\" Massinger.\n\nIn the greatest or highest degree. Those nearest to this king, and most his favorites, were courtiers and prelates. Milton. Note: Placed before an adjective or adverb, most is used to form the superlative degree, being equivalent to the termination -est; as, most vile, most wicked; most illustrious; most rapidly. Formerly, and until after the Elizabethan period of our literature, the use of the double superlative was common. See More, adv. The most unkindest cut of all. Shak. The most straitest sect of our religion. Acts xxvi. 5.", "mostly": "For the greatest part; for the most part; chiefly; in the main.", - "mosul": null, "mot": "May; must; might. He moot as well say one word as another Chaucer. The wordes mote be cousin to the deed. Chaucer. Men moot [i.e., one only] give silver to the poore freres. Chaucer. So mote it be, so be it; amen; -- a phrase in some rituals, as that of the Freemasons.\n\n1. A word; hence, a motto; a device. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Tarquin's eye may read the mot afar. Shak. 2. A pithy or witty saying; a witticism. [A Gallicism] Here and there turns up a ... savage mot. N. Brit. Rev. 3. A note or brief strain on a bugle. Sir W. Scott.", "mote": "See 1st Mot. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A meeting of persons for discussion; as, a wardmote in the city of London. 2. A body of persons who meet for discussion, esp. about the management of affairs; as, a folkmote. 3. A place of meeting for discussion. Mote bell, the bell rung to summon to a mote. [Obs.]\n\nThe flourish sounded on a horn by a huntsman. See Mot, n., 3, and Mort. Chaucer.\n\nA small particle, as of floating dust; anything proverbially small; a speck. The little motes in the sun do ever stir, though there be no wind. Bacon. We are motes in the midst of generations. Landor.", "motel": null, @@ -49757,14 +43366,10 @@ "motormen": null, "motormouth": null, "motormouths": null, - "motorola": null, "motors": "1. One who, or that which, imparts motion; a source of mechanical power. 2. (Mach.) A prime mover; a machine by means of which a source of power, as steam, moving water, electricity, etc., is made available for doing mechanical work.\n\nCausing or setting up motion; pertaining to organs of motion; - - applied especially in physiology to those nerves or nerve fibers which only convey impressions from a nerve center to muscles, thereby causing motion.", "motorway": null, "motorways": null, - "motown": null, - "motrin": null, "mots": "May; must; might. He moot as well say one word as another Chaucer. The wordes mote be cousin to the deed. Chaucer. Men moot [i.e., one only] give silver to the poore freres. Chaucer. So mote it be, so be it; amen; -- a phrase in some rituals, as that of the Freemasons.\n\n1. A word; hence, a motto; a device. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Tarquin's eye may read the mot afar. Shak. 2. A pithy or witty saying; a witticism. [A Gallicism] Here and there turns up a ... savage mot. N. Brit. Rev. 3. A note or brief strain on a bugle. Sir W. Scott.", - "mott": null, "mottle": "To mark with spots of different color, or shades of color, as if stained; to spot; to maculate.\n\nA mottled appearance.", "mottled": "Marked with spots of different colors; variegated; spotted; as, mottled wood. \"The mottled meadows.\" Drayton.", "mottles": "To mark with spots of different color, or shades of color, as if stained; to spot; to maculate.\n\nA mottled appearance.", @@ -49773,7 +43378,6 @@ "mottoes": null, "moue": null, "moues": null, - "moulton": null, "mound": "A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross; -- called also globe.\n\nAn artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embarkment thrown up for defense; a bulwark; a rampart; also, a natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll. To thrid the thickets or to leap the mounds. Dryden. Mound bird. (Zoöl.) Same as Mound maker (below). -- Mound builders (Ethnol.), the tribe, or tribes, of North American aborigines who built, in former times, extensive mounds of earth, esp. in the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Formerly they were supposed to have preceded the Indians, but later investigations go to show that they were, in general, identical with the tribes that occupied the country when discovered by Europeans. -- Mound maker (Zoöl.), any one of the megapodes. -- Shell mound, a mound of refuse shells, collected by aborigines who subsisted largely on shellfish. See Midden, and Kitchen middens.\n\nTo fortify or inclose with a mound.", "mounded": null, "mounding": null, @@ -49791,14 +43395,11 @@ "mountainsides": null, "mountaintop": null, "mountaintops": null, - "mountbatten": null, "mountebank": "1. One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends medicines which he pretends are infalliable remedies; a quack doctor. Such is the weakness and easy credulity of men, that a mountebank ... is preferred before an able physician. Whitlock. 2. Any boastful or false pretender; a charlatan; a quack. Nothing so impossible in nature but mountebanks will undertake. Arbuthnot.\n\nTo cheat by boasting and false pretenses; to gull. [R.] Shak.\n\nTo play the mountebank.", "mountebanks": "1. One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends medicines which he pretends are infalliable remedies; a quack doctor. Such is the weakness and easy credulity of men, that a mountebank ... is preferred before an able physician. Whitlock. 2. Any boastful or false pretender; a charlatan; a quack. Nothing so impossible in nature but mountebanks will undertake. Arbuthnot.\n\nTo cheat by boasting and false pretenses; to gull. [R.] Shak.\n\nTo play the mountebank.", "mounted": "1. Seated or serving on horseback or similarly; as, mounted police; mounted infantry. 2. Placed on a suitable support, or fixed in a setting; as, a mounted gun; a mounted map; a mounted gem.", "mounter": "1. One who mounts. 2. An animal mounted; a monture. [Obs.]", "mounters": "1. One who mounts. 2. An animal mounted; a monture. [Obs.]", - "mountie": null, - "mounties": null, "mounting": "1. The act of one that mounts. 2. That by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to advantage; equipment; embellishment; setting; as, the mounting of a sword or diamond.", "mountings": "1. The act of one that mounts. 2. That by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to advantage; equipment; embellishment; setting; as, the mounting of a sword or diamond.", "mounts": "1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the common surface of the surrounding land; a mountain; a high hill; -- used always instead of mountain, when put before a proper name; as, Mount Washington; otherwise, chiefly in poetry. 2. A bulwark for offense or defense; a mound. [Obs.] Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against Jerusalem. Jer. vi. 6. 3. Etym: [See Mont de piété.] A bank; a fund. Mount of piety. See Mont de piété.\n\n1. To rise on high; to go up; to be upraised or uplifted; to tower aloft; to ascend; -- often with up. Though Babylon should mount up to heaven. Jer. li. 53. The fire of trees and houses mounts on high. Cowley. 2. To get up on anything, as a platform or scaffold; especially, to seat one's self on a horse for riding. 3. To attain in value; to amount. Bring then these blessings to a strict account, Make fair deductions, see to what they mount. Pope.\n\n1. To get upon; to ascend; to climb. Shall we mount again the rural throne Dryden. 2. To place one's self on, as a horse or other animal, or anything that one sits upon; to bestride. 3. To cause to mount; to put on horseback; to furnish with animals for riding; to furnish with horses. \"To mount the Trojan troop.\" Dryden. 4. Hence: To put upon anything that sustains and fits for use, as a gun on a carriage, a map or picture on cloth or paper; to prepare for being worn or otherwise used, as a diamond by setting, or a sword blade by adding the hilt, scabbard, etc. 5. To raise aloft; to lift on high. What power is it which mounts my love so high Shak. Note: A fort or ship is said to mount cannon, when it has them arranged for use in or about it. To mount guard (Mil.), to go on guard; to march on guard; to do duty as a guard. -- To mount a play, to prepare and arrange the scenery, furniture, etc., used in the play.\n\nThat upon which a person or thing is mounted, as: (a) A horse. She had so good a seat and hand, she might be trusted with any mount. G. Eliot. (b) The cardboard or cloth on which a drawing, photograph, or the like is mounted; a mounting.", @@ -49830,10 +43431,8 @@ "moussed": null, "mousses": "A frozen dessert of a frothy texture, made of sweetened and flavored whipped cream, sometimes with the addition of egg yolks and gelatin. Mousse differs from ice cream in being beaten before -- not during -- the freezing process.", "moussing": null, - "moussorgsky": null, "mousy": "Infested with mice; smelling of mice.", "mouth": "1. The opening through which an animal receives food; the aperture between the jaws or between the lips; also, the cavity, containing the tongue and teeth, between the lips and the pharynx; the buccal cavity. 2. Hence: An opening affording entrance or exit; orifice; aperture; as: (a) The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged or discharged; as, the mouth of a jar or pitcher; the mouth of the lacteal vessels, etc. (b) The opening or entrance of any cavity, as a cave, pit, well, or den. (c) The opening of a piece of ordnance, through which it is discharged. (d) The opening through which the waters of a river or any stream are discharged. (e) The entrance into a harbor. 3. (Saddlery) The crosspiece of a bridle bit, which enters the mouth of an animal. 4. A principal speaker; one who utters the common opinion; a mouthpiece. Every coffeehouse has some particular statesman belonging to it, who is the mouth of the street where he lives. Addison. 5. Cry; voice. [Obs.] Dryden. 6. Speech; language; testimony. That in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. Matt. xviii. 16. 7. A wry face; a grimace; a mow. Counterfeit sad looks, Make mouths upon me when I turn my back. Shak. Down in the mouth, chapfallen; of dejected countenance; depressed; discouraged. [Obs. or Colloq.] -- Mouth friend, one who professes friendship insincerely. Shak. -- Mouth glass, a small mirror for inspecting the mouth or teeth. -- Mouth honor, honor given in words, but not felt. Shak. -- Mouth organ. (Mus.) (a) Pan's pipes. See Pandean. (b) An harmonicon. -- Mouth pipe, an organ pipe with a lip or plate to cut the escaping air and make a sound. -- To stop the mouth, to silence or be silent; to put to shame; to confound. The mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped. Ps. lxiii. 11. Whose mouths must be stopped. Titus i. 11.\n\n1. To take into the mouth; to seize or grind with the mouth or teeth; to chew; to devour. Dryden. 2. To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; to speak in a strained or unnaturally sonorous manner. \"Mouthing big phrases.\" Hare. Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes. Tennyson. 3. To form or cleanse with the mouth; to lick, as a bear her cub. Sir T. Browne. 4. To make mouths at. [R.] R. Blair.\n\n1. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate; to rant. I'll bellow out for Rome, and for my country, And mouth at Cæsar, till I shake the senate. Addison. 2. To put mouth to mouth; to kiss. [R.] Shak. 3. To make grimaces, esp. in ridicule or contempt. Well I know, when I am gone, How she mouths behind my back. Tennyson.", - "mouthe": null, "mouthed": "1. Furnished with a mouth. 2. Having a mouth of a particular kind; using the mouth, speech, or voice in a particular way; -- used only in composition; as, wide- mouthed; hard-mouthed; foul-mouthed; mealy-mouthed.", "mouthfeel": null, "mouthful": "1. As much as is usually put into the mouth at one time. 2. Hence, a small quantity.", @@ -49869,36 +43468,18 @@ "mowed": null, "mower": "One who, or that which, mows; a mowing machine; as, a lawn mower.", "mowers": "One who, or that which, mows; a mowing machine; as, a lawn mower.", - "mowgli": null, "mowing": "1. The act of one who, or the operation of that which, mows. 2. Land from which grass is cut; meadow land. Mowing machine, an agricultural machine armed with knives or blades for cutting standing grass, etc. It is drawn by a horse or horses, or propelled by steam.", "mows": "A wry face. \"Make mows at him.\" Shak.\n\nTo make mouths. Nodding, becking, and mowing. Tyndale.\n\nSame as Mew, a gull.\n\nMay; can. \"Thou mow now escapen.\" [Obs.] Chaucer. Our walles mowe not make hem resistence. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cut down, as grass, with a scythe or machine. 2. To cut the grass from; as, to mow a meadow. 3. To cut down; to cause to fall in rows or masses, as in mowing grass; -- with down; as, a discharge of grapeshot mows down whole ranks of men.\n\nTo cut grass, etc., with a scythe, or with a machine; to cut grass for hay.\n\n1. A heap or mass of hay or of sheaves of grain stowed in a barn. 2. The place in a barn where hay or grain in the sheaf is stowed.\n\nTo lay, as hay or sheaves of grain, in a heap or mass in a barn; to pile and stow away.", "moxie": "1. energy; pep. 2. courage, determination. 3. Know-how, expertise. MW10.", - "mozambican": null, - "mozambicans": null, - "mozambique": null, - "mozart": null, - "mozilla": null, "mozzarella": null, "mp": null, - "mpeg": null, "mpg": null, "mph": null, - "mr": null, - "mri": null, - "mrs": null, "ms": "1. M, the thirteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant, and from the manner of its formation, is called the labio- nasal consonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 178-180, 242. The letter M came into English from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek letter being further derived from the Phonician, and ultimately, it is believed, from the Egyptian. Etymologically M is related to n, in lime, linden; emmet, ant; also to b. M is readily followed by b and p. the position of the lips in the formation of both letters being the same. The relation of b and m is the same as that of d and t to n. and that of g and k to ng. 2. As a numeral, M stands for one thousand, both in English and Latin.\n\n1. (Print.) A quadrat, the face or top of which is a perfect square; also, the size of such a square in any given size of type, used as the unit of measurement for that type: 500 m's of pica would be a piece of matter whose length and breadth in pica m's multiplied together produce that number. [Written also em.] 2. (law) A brand or stigma, having the shape of an M, formerly impressed on one convicted of manslaughter and admitted to the benefit of clergy. M roof (Arch.), a kind of roof formed by the junction of two common roofs with a valley between them, so that the section resembles the letter M.", - "mses": null, - "msg": null, - "msgr": null, - "mst": null, - "msw": null, "mt": null, "mtg": null, "mtge": null, - "mtv": null, "mu": null, - "muawiya": null, - "mubarak": null, "much": "1. Great in quantity; long in duration; as, much rain has fallen; much time. Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather but little in. Deut. xxviii. 38. 2. Many in number. [Archaic] Edom came out against him with much people. Num. xx. 20. 3. High in rank or position. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A great quantity; a great deal; also, an indefinite quantity; as, you have as much as I. He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex. xvi. 18. Note: Muchin this sense can be regarded as an adjective qualifying a word unexpressed, and may, therefore, be modified by as, so, too, very. 2. A thing uncommon, wonderful, or noticeable; something considerable. And [he] thought not much to clothe his enemies. Milton. To make much of, to treat as something of especial value or worth.\n\nTo a great degree or extent; greatly; abundantly; far; nearly. \"Much suffering heroes.\" Pope. Thou art much mightier than we. Gen. xxvi. 16. Excellent speech becometh not a fool, much less do lying lips a prince. Prov. xvii. 7. Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong Life much. Milton. All left the world much as they found it. Sir W. Temple.", "mucilage": "1. (Bot. Chem.) A gummy or gelatinous substance produced in certain plants by the action of water on the cell wall, as in the seeds of quinces, of flax, etc. 2. An aqueous solution of gum, or of substances allied to it; as, medicinal mucilage; mucilage for fastening envelopes.", "mucilaginous": "1. Partaking of the nature of, or resembling, mucilage; moist, soft, and viscid; slimy; ropy; as, a mucilaginous liquid. 2. Of, pertaining to, or secreting, mucilage; as, the mucilaginous glands. 3. Soluble in water, but not in alcohol; yielding mucilage; as, mucilaginous gums or plants. -- Mu`ci*lag\"i*nous*ness, n.", @@ -49946,9 +43527,7 @@ "mudslinger": null, "mudslingers": null, "mudslinging": null, - "mueller": null, "muenster": null, - "muensters": null, "muesli": null, "muezzin": "A Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer. [Written also mouezzin, mueddin, and muwazzin.]", "muezzins": "A Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer. [Written also mouezzin, mueddin, and muwazzin.]", @@ -49967,7 +43546,6 @@ "mufti": "An official expounder of Mohammedan law.\n\nCitizen's dress when worn by a naval or military officer; -- a term derived from the British service in India. [Colloq. Eng.]", "muftis": "An official expounder of Mohammedan law.\n\nCitizen's dress when worn by a naval or military officer; -- a term derived from the British service in India. [Colloq. Eng.]", "mug": "1. A kind of earthen or metal drinking cup, with a handle, -- usually cylindrical and without a lip. 2. The face or mouth. [Slang] Thackeray.", - "mugabe": null, "mugful": null, "mugfuls": null, "mugged": null, @@ -49987,14 +43565,7 @@ "mugshots": null, "mugwump": "A bolter from the Republican party in the national election of 1884; an Independent. [Political Cant, U.S.]", "mugwumps": "A bolter from the Republican party in the national election of 1884; an Independent. [Political Cant, U.S.]", - "muhammad": null, - "muhammadan": "Mohammedan.", - "muhammadanism": "Mohammedanism.", - "muhammadanisms": "Mohammedanism.", - "muhammadans": "Mohammedan.", - "muir": null, "mujaheddin": null, - "mujib": null, "mukluk": null, "mukluks": null, "mulatto": "The offspring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman by a negro, -- usually of a brownish yellow complexion.", @@ -50009,7 +43580,6 @@ "mulcted": null, "mulcting": null, "mulcts": "1. A fine or penalty, esp. a pecuniary punishment or penalty. 2. A blemish or defect. [Obs.] Syn. -- Amercement; forfeit; forfeiture; penalty.\n\n1. To punish for an offense or misdemeanor by imposing a fine or forfeiture, esp. a pecuniary fine; to fine. 2. Hence, to deprive of; to withhold by way of punishment or discipline. [Obs.]", - "mulder": null, "mule": "1. (Zoöl.) A hybrid animal; specifically, one generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes a horse and a she-ass. See Hinny. Note: Mules are much used as draught animals. They are hardy, and proverbial for stubbornness. 2. (Bot.) A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species with the pollen or fecundating dust of another; -- called also hybrid. 3. A very stubborn person. 4. A machine, used in factories, for spinning cotton, wool, etc., into yarn or thread and winding it into cops; -- called also jenny and mule-jenny. Mule armadillo (Zoöl.), a long-eared armadillo (Tatusia hybrida), native of Buenos Ayres; -- called also mulita. See Illust. under Armadillo. -- Mule deer (Zoöl.), a large deer (Cervus, or Cariacus, macrotis) of the Western United States. The name refers to its long ears. -- Mule pulley (Mach.), an idle pulley for guiding a belt which transmits motion between shafts that are not parallel. -- Mule twist, cotton yarn in cops, as spun on a mule; -- in distinction from yarn spun on a throstle frame.", "mules": "1. (Zoöl.) A hybrid animal; specifically, one generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes a horse and a she-ass. See Hinny. Note: Mules are much used as draught animals. They are hardy, and proverbial for stubbornness. 2. (Bot.) A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species with the pollen or fecundating dust of another; -- called also hybrid. 3. A very stubborn person. 4. A machine, used in factories, for spinning cotton, wool, etc., into yarn or thread and winding it into cops; -- called also jenny and mule-jenny. Mule armadillo (Zoöl.), a long-eared armadillo (Tatusia hybrida), native of Buenos Ayres; -- called also mulita. See Illust. under Armadillo. -- Mule deer (Zoöl.), a large deer (Cervus, or Cariacus, macrotis) of the Western United States. The name refers to its long ears. -- Mule pulley (Mach.), an idle pulley for guiding a belt which transmits motion between shafts that are not parallel. -- Mule twist, cotton yarn in cops, as spun on a mule; -- in distinction from yarn spun on a throstle frame.", "muleskinner": null, @@ -50024,27 +43594,20 @@ "mullahs": "See Mollah.", "mulled": null, "mullein": "Any plant of the genus Verbascum. They are tall herbs having coarse leaves, and large flowers in dense spikes. The common species, with densely woolly leaves, is Verbascum Thapsus. Moth mullein. See under Moth. -- Mullein foxglove, an American herb (Seymeria macrophylla) with coarse leaves and yellow tubular flowers with a spreading border. -- Petty mullein, the cowslip. Dr. Prior.", - "mullen": "See Mullein.", - "muller": "1. One who, or that which, mulls. 2. A vessel in which wine, etc., is mulled over a fire.\n\nA stone or thick lump of glass, or kind of pestle, flat at the bottom, used for grinding pigments or drugs, etc., upon a slab of similar material.", "mullet": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous fishes of the genus Mugil; -- called also gray mullets. They are found on the coasts of both continents, and are highly esteemed as food. Among the most valuable species are Mugil capito of Europe, and M. cephalus which occurs both on the European and American coasts. 2. (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Mullus, or family Mullidæ; called also red mullet, and surmullet, esp. the plain surmullet (Mullus barbatus), and the striped surmullet (M. surmulletus) of Southern Europe. The former is the mullet of the Romans. It is noted for the brilliancy of its colors. See Surmullet. French mullet. See Ladyfish (a).\n\nA star, usually five pointed and pierced; -- when used as a difference it indicates the third son.\n\nSmall pinchers for curling the hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "mullets": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous fishes of the genus Mugil; -- called also gray mullets. They are found on the coasts of both continents, and are highly esteemed as food. Among the most valuable species are Mugil capito of Europe, and M. cephalus which occurs both on the European and American coasts. 2. (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Mullus, or family Mullidæ; called also red mullet, and surmullet, esp. the plain surmullet (Mullus barbatus), and the striped surmullet (M. surmulletus) of Southern Europe. The former is the mullet of the Romans. It is noted for the brilliancy of its colors. See Surmullet. French mullet. See Ladyfish (a).\n\nA star, usually five pointed and pierced; -- when used as a difference it indicates the third son.\n\nSmall pinchers for curling the hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "mulligan": null, "mulligans": null, "mulligatawny": "See Mullagatawny.", - "mullikan": null, "mulling": null, - "mullins": null, "mullion": "(a) A slender bar or pier which forms the division between the lights of windows, screens, etc. (b) An upright member of a framing. See Stile.\n\nTo furnish with mullions; to divide by mullions.", "mullioned": null, "mullions": "(a) A slender bar or pier which forms the division between the lights of windows, screens, etc. (b) An upright member of a framing. See Stile.\n\nTo furnish with mullions; to divide by mullions.", "mulls": "A thin, soft kind of muslin.\n\n1. A promontory; as, the Mull of Cantyre. [Scot.] 2. A snuffbox made of the small end of a horn.\n\nDirt; rubbish. [Obs.] Gower.\n\nTo powder; to pulverize. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate; -- usually with over; as, to mull over a thought or a problem. [Colloq. U.S.]\n\nAn inferior kind of madder prepared from the smaller roots or the peelings and refuse of the larger.\n\n1. To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine. New cider, mulled with ginger warm. Gay. 2. To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt. Shak.", - "mulroney": null, - "multan": null, "multi": null, "multicellular": "Consisting of, or having, many cells or more than one cell.", "multichannel": null, "multicolored": null, - "multics": null, "multicultural": null, "multiculturalism": null, "multidimensional": null, @@ -50111,7 +43674,6 @@ "multivitamins": null, "multiyear": null, "mum": "Silent; not speaking. Thackeray. The citizens are mum, and speak not a word. Shak.\n\nBe silent! Hush! Mum, then, and no more. Shak.\n\nSilence. [R.] Hudibras.\n\nA sort of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany. Addison. The clamorous crowd is hushed with mugs of mum. Pope.", - "mumbai": null, "mumble": "1. To speak with the lips partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words in a grumbling indistinct manner, indicating discontent or displeasure; to mutter. Peace, you mumbling fool. Shak. A wrinkled hag, with age grown double, Picking dry sticks, and mumbling to herself. Otway. 2. To chew something gently with closed lips.\n\n1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. Bp. Hall. 2. To chew or bite gently, as one without teeth. Gums unarmed, to mumble meat in vain. Dryden. 3. To suppress, or utter imperfectly.", "mumbled": null, "mumbler": "One who mumbles.", @@ -50119,7 +43681,6 @@ "mumbles": "1. To speak with the lips partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words in a grumbling indistinct manner, indicating discontent or displeasure; to mutter. Peace, you mumbling fool. Shak. A wrinkled hag, with age grown double, Picking dry sticks, and mumbling to herself. Otway. 2. To chew something gently with closed lips.\n\n1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. Bp. Hall. 2. To chew or bite gently, as one without teeth. Gums unarmed, to mumble meat in vain. Dryden. 3. To suppress, or utter imperfectly.", "mumbletypeg": null, "mumbling": "Low; indistinct; inarticulate. -- Mum\"bling*ly, adv.", - "mumford": null, "mummer": "One who mumms, or makes diversion in disguise; a masker; a buffon. Jugglers and dancers, antics, mummers. Milton.", "mummers": "One who mumms, or makes diversion in disguise; a masker; a buffon. Jugglers and dancers, antics, mummers. Milton.", "mummery": "1. Masking; frolic in disguise; buffoonery. The mummery of foreign strollers. Fenton. 2. Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and parade or ceremonies. Bacon.", @@ -50135,13 +43696,11 @@ "munch": "To chew with a grinding, crunching sound, as a beast chews provender; to chew deliberately or in large mouthfuls. [Formerly written also maunch and mounch.] I could munch your good dry oats. Shak.", "munched": null, "munches": null, - "munchhausen": null, "munchie": null, "munchies": null, "munching": null, "munchkin": null, "munchkins": null, - "muncie": null, "mundane": "Of or pertaining to the world; worldly; earthly; terrestrial; as, the mundane sphere. -- Mun\"dane*ly, adv. The defilement of mundane passions. I. Taylor.", "mundanely": null, "mundanes": "Of or pertaining to the world; worldly; earthly; terrestrial; as, the mundane sphere. -- Mun\"dane*ly, adv. The defilement of mundane passions. I. Taylor.", @@ -50149,7 +43708,6 @@ "munged": null, "munging": null, "mungs": "Green gram, a kind of pulse (Phaseolus Mungo), grown for food in British India. Balfour (Cyc. of India).", - "munich": null, "municipal": "1. Of or pertaining to a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government; as, municipal rights; municipal officers. 2. Of or pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation. Municipal law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state. Blackstone.", "municipalities": null, "municipality": "A municipal district; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.", @@ -50162,18 +43720,10 @@ "munitioned": null, "munitioning": null, "munitions": "1. Fortification; stronghold. [Obs.] His place of defense shall be the munitions of rocks. Is. xxxiii. 16. 2. Whatever materials are used in war for drfense or for annoying an enemy; ammunition; also, stores and provisions; military stores of all kinds. The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.", - "munoz": null, - "munro": null, - "munster": null, - "muppet": null, "mural": "1. Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on, or against, a wall; as, a mural quadrant. \"Mural breach.\" Milton. \"Mural fruit.\" Evelyn. 2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice. Mural circle (Astron.), a graduated circle, in the plane of the meridian, attached permanently to a perpendicular wall; -- used for measuring arcs of the meridian. See Circle, n., 3. -- Mural crown (Rom. Antiq.), a golden crown, or circle of gold indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place, and there lodged a standard.", "muralist": null, "muralists": null, "murals": "1. Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on, or against, a wall; as, a mural quadrant. \"Mural breach.\" Milton. \"Mural fruit.\" Evelyn. 2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice. Mural circle (Astron.), a graduated circle, in the plane of the meridian, attached permanently to a perpendicular wall; -- used for measuring arcs of the meridian. See Circle, n., 3. -- Mural crown (Rom. Antiq.), a golden crown, or circle of gold indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place, and there lodged a standard.", - "murasaki": null, - "murat": null, - "murchison": null, - "murcia": null, "murder": "The offense of killing a human being with malice prepense or aforethought, express or implied; intentional and unlawful homicide. \"Mordre will out.\" Chaucer. The killing of their children had, in the account of God, the guilt of murder, as the offering them to idols had the guilt of idolatry. Locke. Slaughter grows murder when it goes too far. Dryden. Note: Murder in the second degree, in most jurisdictions, is a malicious homicide committed without a specific intention to take life. Wharton.\n\n1. To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being) willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See Murder, n. 2. To destroy; to put an end to. [Canst thou] murder thy breath in middle of a word Shak. 3. To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to mangle; as, to murder the king's English. Syn. -- To kill; assassinate; slay. See Kill.", "murdered": null, "murderer": "1. One guilty of murder; a person who, in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice. 2. A small cannon, formerly used for clearing a ship's decks of boarders; -- called also murdering piece. [Obs.]", @@ -50184,11 +43734,6 @@ "murderous": "Of or pertaining to murder; characterized by, or causing, murder or bloodshed; having the purpose or quality of murder; bloody; sanguinary; as, the murderous king; murderous rapine; murderous intent; a murderous assault. \"Murderous coward.\" Shak. -- Mur\"der*ous*ly, adv. Syn. -- Bloody; sanguinary; bloodguilty; bloodthirsty; fell; savage; cruel.", "murderously": null, "murders": "The offense of killing a human being with malice prepense or aforethought, express or implied; intentional and unlawful homicide. \"Mordre will out.\" Chaucer. The killing of their children had, in the account of God, the guilt of murder, as the offering them to idols had the guilt of idolatry. Locke. Slaughter grows murder when it goes too far. Dryden. Note: Murder in the second degree, in most jurisdictions, is a malicious homicide committed without a specific intention to take life. Wharton.\n\n1. To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being) willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See Murder, n. 2. To destroy; to put an end to. [Canst thou] murder thy breath in middle of a word Shak. 3. To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to mangle; as, to murder the king's English. Syn. -- To kill; assassinate; slay. See Kill.", - "murdoch": null, - "murfreesboro": null, - "muriel": null, - "murillo": null, - "murine": "Pertaining to a family of rodents (Muridæ), of which the mouse is the type.\n\nOne of a tribe of rodents, of which the mouse is the type.", "murk": "Dark; murky. He can not see through the mantle murk. J. R. Drake.\n\nDarkness; mirk. [Archaic] Shak.\n\nThe refuse of fruit, after the juice has been expressed; marc.", "murkier": null, "murkiest": null, @@ -50196,7 +43741,6 @@ "murkiness": "The state of being murky.", "murks": "Dark; murky. He can not see through the mantle murk. J. R. Drake.\n\nDarkness; mirk. [Archaic] Shak.\n\nThe refuse of fruit, after the juice has been expressed; marc.", "murky": "Dark; obscure; gloomy. \"The murkiest den.\" Shak. A murky deep lowering o'er our heads. Addison.", - "murmansk": null, "murmur": "1. A low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water. 2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice. Chaucer. Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs. Dryden.\n\n1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, distant waves, or the wind in a forest. They murmured as doth a swarm of bees. Chaucer. 2. To utter complaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to feel or express dissatisfaction or discontent; to grumble; -- often with at or against. \"His disciples murmured at it.\" John vi. 61. And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron. Num. xiv. 2. Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured. 1 Cor. x. 10.\n\nTo utter or give forth in low or indistinct words or sounds; as, to murmur tales. Shak. The people murmured such things concerning him. John vii. 32.", "murmured": null, "murmurer": "One who murmurs.", @@ -50205,12 +43749,7 @@ "murmurings": "Uttering murmurs; making low sounds; complaining. -- Mur\"mur*ing*ly, adv.", "murmurous": "Attended with murmurs; exciting murmurs or complaint; murmuring. [Archaic or Poetic] The lime, a summer home of murmurous wings. Tennyson.", "murmurs": "1. A low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water. 2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice. Chaucer. Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs. Dryden.\n\n1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, distant waves, or the wind in a forest. They murmured as doth a swarm of bees. Chaucer. 2. To utter complaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to feel or express dissatisfaction or discontent; to grumble; -- often with at or against. \"His disciples murmured at it.\" John vi. 61. And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron. Num. xiv. 2. Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured. 1 Cor. x. 10.\n\nTo utter or give forth in low or indistinct words or sounds; as, to murmur tales. Shak. The people murmured such things concerning him. John vii. 32.", - "murphy": "A potato. [Humorous] Thackeray.", "murrain": "An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Bacon. A murrain on you, may you be afflicted with a pestilent disease. Shak.\n\nHaving, or afflicted with, murrain.", - "murray": null, - "murrieta": null, - "murrow": null, - "murrumbidgee": null, "mus": "A genus of small rodents, including the common mouse and rat.", "muscat": "A name given to several varieties of Old World grapes, differing in color, size, etc., but all having a somewhat musky flavor. The muscat of Alexandria is a large oval grape of a pale amber color. [Written also muskat.]", "muscatel": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, or derived from, a muscat grapes or similar grapes; a muscatel grapes; muscatel wine, etc.\n\n1. A common name for several varieties of rich sweet wine, made in Italy, Spain, and France. 2. pl. Finest raisins, dried on the vine; \"sun raisins.\" [Variously written moscatel, muscadel, etc.]", @@ -50224,8 +43763,6 @@ "muscles": "1. (Anat.) (a) An organ which, by its contraction, produces motion. See Illust. of Muscles of the Human Body, in Appendix. (b) The contractile tissue of which muscles are largely made up. Note: Muscles are of two kinds, striated and nonstriated. The striated muscles, which, in most of the higher animals, constitute the principal part of the flesh, exclusive of the fat, are mostly under the control of the will, or voluntary, and are made up of great numbers of elongated fibres bound together into bundles and inclosed in a sheath of connective tissue, the perimysium. Each fiber is inclosed in a delicate membrane (the sarcolemma), is made up of alternate segments of lighter and darker material which give it a transversely striated appearance, and contains, scattered through its substance, protoplasmic nuclei, the so-called muscle corpuscles. The nonstriated muscles are involuntary. They constitute a large part of the walls of the alimentary canal, blood vessels, uterus, and bladder, and are found also in the iris, skin, etc. They are made up of greatly elongated cells, usually grouped in bundles or sheets. 2. Muscular strength or development; as, to show one's muscle by lifting a heavy weight. [Colloq.] 3. Etym: [AS. muscle, L. musculus a muscle, mussel. See above.] (Zoöl.) See Mussel. Muscle curve (Physiol.), contraction curve of a muscle; a myogram; the curve inscribed, upon a prepared surface, by means of a myograph when acted upon by a contracting muscle. The character of the curve represents the extent of the contraction.", "muscling": "Exhibition or representation of the muscles. [R.] A good piece, the painters say, must have good muscling, as well as coloring and drapery. Shaftesbury.", "muscly": null, - "muscovite": "1. A native or inhabitant of Muscovy or ancient Russia; hence, a Russian. 2. (Min.) Common potash mica. See Mica.", - "muscovy": null, "muscular": "1. Of or pertaining to a muscle, or to a system of muscles; consisting of, or constituting, a muscle or muscles; as, muscular fiber. Great muscular strength, accompanied by much awkwardness. Macaulay. 2. Performed by, or dependent on, a muscle or the muscles. \"The muscular motion.\" Arbuthnot. 3. Well furnished with muscles; having well-developed muscles; brawny; hence, strong; powerful; vigorous; as, a muscular body or arm. Muscular Christian, one who believes in a part of religious duty to maintain a healthful and vigorous physical state. T. Hughes. -- Muscular CHristianity. (a) The practice and opinion of those Christians who believe that it is a part of religious duty to maintain a vigorous condition of the body, and who therefore approve of athletic sports and exercises as conductive to good health, good morals, and right feelings in religious matters. T. Hughes. (b) An active, robust, and cheerful Christian life, as opposed to a meditative and gloomy one. C. Kingsley. -- Muscular excitability (Physiol.), that property in virtue of which a muscle shortens, when it is stimulated; irritability. -- Muscular sense (Physiol.), muscular sensibility; the sense by which we obtain knowledge of the condition of our muscles and to what extent they are contracted, also of the position of the various parts of our bodies and the resistance offering by external objects.", "muscularity": "The state or quality of being muscular. Grew.", "muscularly": "In a muscular manner.", @@ -50239,7 +43776,6 @@ "museum": "A repository or a collection of natural, scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art. Museum beetle, Museum pest. (Zoöl.) See Anthrenus.", "museums": "A repository or a collection of natural, scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art. Museum beetle, Museum pest. (Zoöl.) See Anthrenus.", "mush": "Meal (esp. Indian meal) boiled in water; hasty pudding; supawn. [U.S.]\n\nTo notch, cut, or indent, as cloth, with a stamp.", - "musharraf": null, "mushed": null, "musher": null, "mushers": null, @@ -50253,7 +43789,6 @@ "mushrooming": null, "mushrooms": "1. (Bot.) (a) An edible fungus (Agaricus campestris), having a white stalk which bears a convex or oven flattish expanded portion called the pileus. This is whitish and silky or somewhat scaly above, and bears on the under side radiating gills which are at first flesh-colored, but gradually become brown. The plant grows in rich pastures and is proverbial for rapidity of growth and shortness of duration. It has a pleasant smell, and is largely used as food. It is also cultivated from spawn. (b) Any large fungus, especially one of the genus Agaricus; a toadstool. Several species are edible; but many are very poisonous. 2. One who rises suddenly from a low condition in life; an upstart. Bacon.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to mushrooms; as, mushroom catchup. 2. Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth and shortness of duration; short-lived; ephemerial; as, mushroom cities. Mushroom anchor, an anchor shaped like a mushroom, capable of grasping the ground in whatever way it falls. -- Mushroom coral (Zoöl.), any coral of the genus Fungia. See Fungia. -- Mushroom spawn (Bot.), the mycelium, or primary filamentous growth, of the mushroom; also, cakes of earth and manure containing this growth, which are used for propagation of the mushroom.", "mushy": "Soft like mush; figuratively, good-naturedly weak and effusive; weakly sentimental. She 's not mushy, but her heart is tender. G. Eliot.", - "musial": null, "music": "1. The science and the art of tones, or musical sounds, i.e., sounds of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and synchronous vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of tension; the science of harmonical tones which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependences, and relations of tones to each other; the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear. Note: Not all sounds are tones. Sounds may be unmusical and yet please the ear. Music deals with tones, and with no other sounds. See Tone. 2. (a) Melody; a rhythmical and otherwise agreeable succession of tones. (b) Harmony; an accordant combination of simultaneous tones. 3. The written and printed notation of a musical composition; the score. 4. Love of music; capacity of enjoying music. The man that hath ni music in himself Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak. 5. (Zoöl.) A more or less musical sound made by many of the lower animals. See Stridulation. Magic music, a game in which a person is guided in finding a hidden article, or in doing a specific art required, by music which is made more loud or rapid as he approaches success, and slower as he recedes. Tennyson. -- Music box. See Musical box, under Musical. -- Music hall, a place for public musical entertainments. -- Music loft, a gallery for musicians, as in a dancing room or a church. -- Music of the spheres, the harmony supposed to be produced by the accordant movement of the celestial spheres. -- Music paper, paper ruled with the musical staff, for the use of composers and copyists. -- Music pen, a pen for ruling at one time the five lines of the musical staff. -- Music shell (Zoöl.), a handsomely colored marine gastropod shell (Voluta musica) found in the East Indies; -- so called because the color markings often resemble printed music. Sometimes applied to other shells similarly marked. -- To face the music, to meet any disagreeable necessity without flinching. [Colloq. or Slang]", "musical": "Of or pertaining to music; having the qualities of music; or the power of producing music; devoted to music; melodious; harmonious; as, musical proportion; a musical voice; musical instruments; a musical sentence; musical persons. Musical, or Music, box, a box or case containing apparatus moved by clockwork so as to play certain tunes automatically. -- Musical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which utters sounds under water, as the drumfish, grunt, gizzard shad, etc. -- Musical glasses, glass goblets or bowls so tuned and arranged that when struck, or rubbed, they produce musical notes. CF. Harmonica, 1.\n\n1. Music. [Obs.] To fetch home May with their musical. Spenser. 2. A social entertainment of which music is the leading feature; a musical party. [Colloq.]", "musicale": "A social musical party. [Colloq.]", @@ -50275,7 +43810,6 @@ "musings": null, "musk": "1. A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of the consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind the navel of the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter taste, but is specially remarkable for its powerful and enduring odor. It is used in medicine as a stimulant antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions of various other animals, having a similar odor. 2. (Zoöl.) The musk deer. See Musk deer (below). 3. The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat similar. 4. (Bot.) (a) The musk plant (Mimulus moschatus). (b) A plant of the genus Erodium (E. moschatum); -- called also musky heron's-bill. (c) A plant of the genus Muscari; grape hyacinth. Musk beaver (Zoöl.), muskrat (1). -- Musk beetle (Zoöl.), a European longicorn beetle (Aromia moschata), having an agreeable odor resembling that of attar of roses. -- Musk cat. See Bondar. -- Musk cattle (Zoöl.), musk oxen. See Musk ox (below). -- Musk deer (Zoöl.), a small hornless deer (Moschus moschiferus), which inhabits the elevated parts of Central Asia. The upper canine teeth of the male are developed into sharp tusks, curved downward. The male has scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish below. The pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil and napu. -- Musk duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The Muscovy duck. (b) An Australian duck (Biziura lobata). -- Musk lorikeet (Zoöl.), the Pacific lorikeet (Glossopsitta australis) of Australia. -- Musk mallow (Bot.), a name of two malvaceous plants: (a) A species of mallow (Malva moschata), the foliage of which has a faint musky smell. (b) An Asiatic shrub. See Abelmosk. -- Musk orchis (Bot.), a European plant of the Orchis family (Herminium Minorchis); -- so called from its peculiar scent. -- Musk ox (Zoöl.), an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant (Ovibos moschatus), now existing only in America, but found fossil in Europe and Asia. It is covered with a thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and with long dark hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred pounds. -- Musk parakeet. (Zoöl.) Same as Musk lorikeet (above). -- Musk pear (Bot.), a fragrant kind of pear much resembling the Seckel pear. -- Musk plant (Bot.), the Mimulus moschatus, a plant found in Western North America, often cultivated, and having a strong musky odor. -- Musk root (Bot.), the name of several roots with a strong odor, as that of the nard (Nardostachys Jatamansi) and of a species of Angelica. -- Musk rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa moschata), having peculiarly fragrant white blossoms. -- Musk seed (Bot.), the seed of a plant of the Mallow family (Hibiscus moschatus), used in perfumery and in flavoring. See Abelmosk. -- Musk sheep (Zoöl.), the musk ox. -- Musk shrew (Zoöl.), a shrew (Sorex murinus), found in India. It has a powerful odor of musk. Called also sondeli, and mondjourou. -- Musk thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Carduus nutans), having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling strongly of musk. -- Musk tortoise, Musk turtle (Zoöl.), a small American fresh-water tortoise (Armochelys, or Ozotheca, odorata), which has a distinct odor of musk; -- called also stinkpot.\n\nTo perfume with musk.", "muskeg": null, - "muskegon": null, "muskegs": null, "muskellunge": "A large American pike (Esox nobilitor) found in the Great Lakes, and other Northern lakes, and in the St. Lawrence River. It is valued as a food fish. [Written also maskallonge, maskinonge, muskallonge, muskellonge, and muskelunjeh.]", "muskellunges": "A large American pike (Esox nobilitor) found in the Great Lakes, and other Northern lakes, and in the St. Lawrence River. It is valued as a food fish. [Written also maskallonge, maskinonge, muskallonge, muskellonge, and muskelunjeh.]", @@ -50291,14 +43825,11 @@ "muskiness": "The quality or state of being musky; the scent of musk.", "muskmelon": "The fruit of a cucubritaceous plant (Cicumis Melo), having a peculiar aromatic flavor, and cultivated in many varieties, the principal sorts being the cantaloupe, of oval form and yellowish flesh, and the smaller nutmeg melon with greenish flesh. See Illust. of Melon.", "muskmelons": "The fruit of a cucubritaceous plant (Cicumis Melo), having a peculiar aromatic flavor, and cultivated in many varieties, the principal sorts being the cantaloupe, of oval form and yellowish flesh, and the smaller nutmeg melon with greenish flesh. See Illust. of Melon.", - "muskogee": null, "muskox": null, "muskoxen": null, "muskrat": "1. (Zoöl.) A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent (Fiber zibethicus). It resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but the tail is compressed, the bind feet are webbed, and the ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called also musquash, musk beaver, and ondatra. 2. (Zoöl.) The musk shrew. 3. (Zoöl.) The desman.", "muskrats": "1. (Zoöl.) A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent (Fiber zibethicus). It resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but the tail is compressed, the bind feet are webbed, and the ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called also musquash, musk beaver, and ondatra. 2. (Zoöl.) The musk shrew. 3. (Zoöl.) The desman.", "musky": "Having an odor of musk, or somewhat the like. Milton.", - "muslim": "See Moslem.", - "muslims": "See Moslem.", "muslin": "A thin cotton, white, dyed, or printed. The name is also applied to coarser and heavier cotton goods; as, shirting and sheeting muslins. Muslin cambric. See Cambric. -- Muslin delaine, a light woolen fabric for women's dresses. See Delaine. [Written also mousseline de laine.]", "muss": "A scramble, as when small objects are thrown down, to be taken by those who can seize them; a confused struggle. Shak.\n\nA state of confusion or disorder; -- prob. variant of mess, but influenced by muss, a scramble. [Colloq. U.S.]\n\nTo disarrange, as clothing; to rumple. [Colloq. U.S.]\n\nA term of endearment. [Obs.] See Mouse. B. Jonson.", "mussed": null, @@ -50308,8 +43839,6 @@ "mussier": null, "mussiest": null, "mussing": null, - "mussolini": null, - "mussorgsky": null, "mussy": "Disarranged; rumpled. [Colloq. U.S.]", "must": "1. To be obliged; to be necessitated; -- expressing either physical or moral necessity; as, a man must eat for nourishment; we must submit to the laws. 2. To be morally required; to be necessary or essential to a certain quality, character, end, or result; as, he must reconsider the matter; he must have been insane. Likewise must the deacons be grave. 1 Tim. iii. 8. Morover, he [a bishop] must have a good report of them which are without. 1 Tim. iii. 7. Note: The principal verb, if easy supplied by the mind, was formerly often omitted when must was used; as, I must away. \"I must to Coventry.\" Shak.\n\n1. The expressed juice of the grape, or other fruit, before fermentation. \"These men ben full of must.\" Wyclif (Acts ii. 13. ). No fermenting must fills ... the deep vats. Longfellow. 2. Etym: [Cf. Musty.] Mustiness.\n\nTo make musty; to become musty.", "mustache": "1. That part of the beard which grows on the upper lip; hair left growing above the mouth. 2. (Zoöl.) A West African monkey (Cercopithecus cephus). It has yellow whiskers, and a triangular blue mark on the nose. 3. (Zoöl.) Any conspicuous stripe of color on the side of the head, beneath the eye of a bird.", @@ -50371,7 +43900,6 @@ "mutinously": null, "mutiny": "1. Insurrection against constituted authority, particularly military or naval authority; concerted revolt against the rules of discipline or the lawful commands of a superior officer; hence, generally, forcible resistance to rightful authority; insubordination. In every mutiny against the discipline of the college, he was the ringleader. Macaulay. 2. Violent commotion; tumult; strife. [Obs.] o raise a mutiny betwixt yourselves. Shak. Mutiny act (Law), an English statute reënacted annually to punish mutiny and desertion. Wharton. Syn. -- See Insurrection.\n\n1. To rise against, or refuse to obey, lawful authority in military or naval service; to excite, or to be guilty of, mutiny or mutinous conduct; to revolt against one's superior officer, or any rightful authority. 2. To fall into strifle; to quarrel. [Obs.] Shak.", "mutinying": null, - "mutsuhito": null, "mutt": null, "mutter": "1. To utter words indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; esp., to utter indistinct complains or angry expressions; to grumble; to growl. Wizards that peep, and that mutter. Is. viii. 19. Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare, And mutter to himself. Dryden. 2. To sound with a low, rumbling noise. Thick lightings flash, the muttering thunder rolls. Pope.\n\nTo utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low voice; as, to mutter threats. Shak.\n\nRepressing or obscure utterance.", "muttered": null, @@ -50397,20 +43925,11 @@ "muzzles": "1. The projecting mouth and nose of a quadruped, as of a horse; a snout. 2. The mouth of a thing; the end for entrance or discharge; as, the muzzle of a gun. 3. A fastening or covering (as a band or cage) for the mouth of an animal, to prevent eating or vicious biting. With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound Dryden. Muzzle sight. (Gun.) See Dispart, n., 2.\n\n1. To bind the mouth of; to fasten the mouth of, so as to prevent biting or eating; hence, figuratively, to bind; to sheathe; to restrain from speech or action. \"My dagger muzzled.\" Shak. Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. Deut. xxv. 4. 2. To fondle with the closed mouth. [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\nTo bring the mouth or muzzle near. The bear muzzles and smels to him. L'Estrange.", "muzzling": null, "muzzy": "Absent-minded; dazed; muddled; stupid. The whole company stared at me with a whimsical, muzzy look, like men whose senses were a little obfuscated by beer rather then wine. W. Irving.", - "mvp": null, - "mw": null, "my": "Of or belonging to me; -- used always attributively; as, my body; my book; -- mine is used in the predicate; as, the book is mine. See Mine.", - "myanmar": null, - "mycenae": null, - "mycenaean": null, "mycologist": "One who is versed in, or who studies, mycology.", "mycologists": "One who is versed in, or who studies, mycology.", "mycology": "That branch of botanical science which relates to the musgrooms and other fungi.", "myelitis": "Inflammation of the spinal marrow or its membranes.", - "myers": null, - "mylar": null, - "mylars": null, - "myles": null, "myna": "Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera Acridotheres, Sturnopastor, Sturnia, Gracula, and allied genera. In habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often caged and taught to talk. See Hill myna, under Hill, and Mino bird. [Spelt also mynah.]", "mynas": "Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera Acridotheres, Sturnopastor, Sturnia, Gracula, and allied genera. In habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often caged and taught to talk. See Hill myna, under Hill, and Mino bird. [Spelt also mynah.]", "myocardial": null, @@ -50418,23 +43937,15 @@ "myopia": "Nearsightedness; shortsightedness; a condition of the eye in which the rays from distant object are brought to a focus before they reach the retina, and hence form an indistinct image; while the rays from very near objects are normally converged so as to produce a distinct image. It is corrected by the use of a concave lens.", "myopic": "Pertaining to, or affected with, or characterized by, myopia; nearsighted. Myopic astigmatism, a condition in which the eye is affected with myopia in one meridian only.", "myopically": null, - "myra": null, - "myrdal": null, "myriad": "1. The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things. 2. An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large number.\n\nConsisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; as, myriad stars.", "myriads": "1. The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things. 2. An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large number.\n\nConsisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; as, myriad stars.", "myrmidon": "1. One of a fierce tribe or troop who accompained Achilles, their king, to the Trojan war. 2. A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes cruel orders of a superior without protest or pity; -- sometimes applied to bailiffs, constables, etc. Thackeray. With unabated ardor the vindictive man of law and his myrmidons pressed forward. W. H. Ainsworth.", "myrmidons": "1. One of a fierce tribe or troop who accompained Achilles, their king, to the Trojan war. 2. A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes cruel orders of a superior without protest or pity; -- sometimes applied to bailiffs, constables, etc. Thackeray. With unabated ardor the vindictive man of law and his myrmidons pressed forward. W. H. Ainsworth.", - "myrna": null, - "myron": null, "myrrh": "A gum resin, usually of a yellowish brown or amber color, of an aromatic odor, and a bitter, slightly pungent taste. It is valued for its odor and for its medicinal properties. It exuds from the bark of a shrub of Abyssinia and Arabia, the Balsamodendron Myrrha. The myrrh of the Bible is supposed to have been partly the gum above named, and partly the exudation of species of Cistus, or rockrose. False myrrh. See the Note under Bdellium.", "myrtle": "A species of the genus Myrtus, especially Myrtus communis. The common myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close, full head, thickly covered with ovate or lanceolate evergreen leaves. It has solitary axillary white or rosy flowers, followed by black several-seeded berries. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. The flowers, leaves, and berries are used variously in perfumery and as a condiment, and the beautifully mottled wood is used in turning. Note: The name is also popularly but wrongly applied in America to two creeping plants, the blue-flowered periwinkle and the yellow- flowered moneywort. In the West Indies several myrtaceous shrubs are called myrtle. Bog myrtle, the sweet gale. -- Crape myrtle. See under Crape. -- Myrtle warbler (Zoöl.), a North American wood warbler (Dendroica coronata); -- called also myrtle bird, yellow-rumped warbler, and yellow-crowned warbler. -- Myrtle wax. (Bot.) See Bayberry tallow, under Bayberry. -- Sand myrtle, a low, branching evergreen shrub (Leiophyllum buxifolium), growing in New Jersey and southward. -- Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera). See Bayberry.", "myrtles": "A species of the genus Myrtus, especially Myrtus communis. The common myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close, full head, thickly covered with ovate or lanceolate evergreen leaves. It has solitary axillary white or rosy flowers, followed by black several-seeded berries. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. The flowers, leaves, and berries are used variously in perfumery and as a condiment, and the beautifully mottled wood is used in turning. Note: The name is also popularly but wrongly applied in America to two creeping plants, the blue-flowered periwinkle and the yellow- flowered moneywort. In the West Indies several myrtaceous shrubs are called myrtle. Bog myrtle, the sweet gale. -- Crape myrtle. See under Crape. -- Myrtle warbler (Zoöl.), a North American wood warbler (Dendroica coronata); -- called also myrtle bird, yellow-rumped warbler, and yellow-crowned warbler. -- Myrtle wax. (Bot.) See Bayberry tallow, under Bayberry. -- Sand myrtle, a low, branching evergreen shrub (Leiophyllum buxifolium), growing in New Jersey and southward. -- Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera). See Bayberry.", "mys": "Of or belonging to me; -- used always attributively; as, my body; my book; -- mine is used in the predicate; as, the book is mine. See Mine.", "myself": "I or me in person; -- used for emphasis, my own self or person; as I myself will do it; I have done it myself; -- used also instead of me, as the object of the first person of a reflexive verb, without emphasis; as, I will defend myself.", - "mysore": null, - "myspace": null, - "mysql": null, - "myst": null, "mysteries": null, "mysterious": "Of or pertaining to mystery; containing a mystery; difficult or impossible to understand; obscure not revealed or explained; enigmatical; incomprehensible. God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied, Thought in mysterious terms. Milton. Syn. -- Obscure; secret; occult; dark; mystic; cabalistic; enigmatical; unintelligible; incomprehensible.", "mysteriously": "In a mysterious manner.", @@ -50466,17 +43977,13 @@ "myths": "1. A story of great but unknown age which originally embodied a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; an ancient legend of a god, a hero, the origin of a race, etc.; a wonder story of prehistoric origin; a popular fable which is, or has been, received as historical. 2. A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual existence is not verifiable. As for Mrs. Primmins's bones, they had been myths these twenty years. Ld. Lytton. Myth history, history made of, or mixed with, myths.", "myxomatosis": null, "n": "N, the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the dentinasal or linguanasal consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard in ran, done; but when immediately followed in the same word by the sound of g hard or k (as in single, sink, conquer), it usually represents the same sound as the digraph ng in sing, bring, etc. This is a simple but related sound, and is called the gutturo-nasal consonent. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 243-246. The letter N came into English through the Latin and Greek from the Phoenician, which probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is etymologically most closely related to M. See M.\n\nA measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en.", - "na": "No, not. See No. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "naacp": null, "naan": null, "naans": null, "nab": "1. The summit of an eminence. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Firearms) The cock of a gunlock. Knight. 3. (Locksmithing) The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot. Knight.\n\nTo catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly. [Colloq.] Smollett.", "nabbed": null, "nabbing": null, - "nabisco": null, "nabob": "1. A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the ancient Mogul empire. 2. One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches: hence, any man of great wealth. \" A bilious old nabob.\" Macaulay.", "nabobs": "1. A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the ancient Mogul empire. 2. One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches: hence, any man of great wealth. \" A bilious old nabob.\" Macaulay.", - "nabokov": null, "nabs": "1. The summit of an eminence. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Firearms) The cock of a gunlock. Knight. 3. (Locksmithing) The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot. Knight.\n\nTo catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly. [Colloq.] Smollett.", "nacelle": "1. A small boat. [Obs.] 2. The basket suspended from a balloon; hence, the framework forming the body of a dirigible balloon, and containing the machinery, passengers, etc. 3. A boatlike, inclosed body of an aëroplane.", "nacelles": "1. A small boat. [Obs.] 2. The basket suspended from a balloon; hence, the framework forming the body of a dirigible balloon, and containing the machinery, passengers, etc. 3. A boatlike, inclosed body of an aëroplane.", @@ -50484,31 +43991,20 @@ "nachos": null, "nacre": "A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. [Written also nacker and naker.] See Pearl, and Mother-of-pearl.", "nacreous": "Consisting of, or resembling, nacre; pearly.", - "nader": null, - "nadia": null, - "nadine": null, "nadir": "1. That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand. 2. The lowest point; the time of greatest depression. The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe. Hallam. Nadir of the sun (Astron.), the axis of the conical shadow projected by the earth. Crabb.", "nadirs": "1. That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand. 2. The lowest point; the time of greatest depression. The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe. Hallam. Nadir of the sun (Astron.), the axis of the conical shadow projected by the earth. Crabb.", "nae": null, "naff": null, "naffer": null, "naffest": null, - "nafta": null, "nag": "1. A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse. 2. A paramour; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret pertinaciously. [Colloq.] \"She never nagged.\" J. Ingelow.", - "nagasaki": null, "nagged": null, "nagger": null, "naggers": null, "nagging": "Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; as, a nagging toothache. [Colloq.]", - "nagoya": null, - "nagpur": null, "nags": "1. A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse. 2. A paramour; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret pertinaciously. [Colloq.] \"She never nagged.\" J. Ingelow.", "nagware": null, - "nagy": null, "nah": null, - "nahuatl": null, - "nahuatls": null, - "nahum": null, "naiad": "1. (Myth.) A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain. 2. (Zoöl.) Any species of a tribe (Naiades) of freshwater bivalves, including Unio, Anodonta, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel. 3. (Zoöl) One of a group of butterflies. See Nymph. 4. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Naiadaceæ, such as eelgrass, pondweed, etc.", "naiads": "1. (Myth.) A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain. 2. (Zoöl.) Any species of a tribe (Naiades) of freshwater bivalves, including Unio, Anodonta, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel. 3. (Zoöl) One of a group of butterflies. See Nymph. 4. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Naiadaceæ, such as eelgrass, pondweed, etc.", "naif": "1. Having a true natural luster without being cut; -- applied by jewelers to a precious stone. 2. Naïve; as, a naïf remark. London Spectator.", @@ -50519,10 +44015,6 @@ "nailed": null, "nailing": null, "nails": "1. (Anat.) the horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers and toes of man and many apes. His nayles like a briddes claws were. Chaucer. Note: The nails are strictly homologous with hoofs and claws. When compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called talons or claws, and the animal bearing them is said to be unguiculate; when they incase the extremities of the digits they are called hoofs, and the animal is ungulate. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera. (b) The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied birds. 3. A slender, pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, used for fastening pieces of wood or other material together, by being driven into or through them. Note: The different sorts of nails are named either from the use to which they are applied, from their shape, from their size, or from some other characteristic, as shingle, floor, ship-carpenters', and horseshoe nails, roseheads, diamonds, fourpenny, tenpenny (see Penny), chiselpointed, cut, wrought, or wire nails, etc. 4. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the sixteenth of a yard. Nail ball (Ordnance), a round projectile with an iron bolt protruding to prevent it from turning in the gun. -- Nail plate, iron in plates from which cut nails are made. -- On the nail, in hand; on the spot; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail. \"You shall have ten thousand pounds on the nail.\" Beaconsfield. -- To hit the nail on the head, to hit most effectively; to do or say a thing in the right way.\n\n1. To fasten with a nail or nails; to close up or secure by means of nails; as, to nail boards to the beams. He is now dead, and nailed in his chest. Chaucer. 2. To stud or boss with nails, or as with nails. The rivets of your arms were nailed with gold. Dryden. 3. To fasten, as with a nail; to bind or hold, as to a bargain or to acquiescence in an argument or assertion; hence, to catch; to trap. When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I nailed them. Goldsmith. 4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Crabb. To nail a lie or an assertion, etc., to detect and expose it, so as to put a stop to its currency; -- an expression probably derived from the former practice of shopkeepers, who were accustomed to nail bad or counterfeit pieces of money to the counter.", - "naipaul": null, - "nair": null, - "nairobi": null, - "naismith": null, "naive": "Having native or unaffected simplicity; ingenuous; artless; frank; as, naïve manners; a naïve person; naïve and unsophisticated remarks.", "naively": "In a naïve manner.", "naiver": null, @@ -50532,8 +44024,6 @@ "naked": "1. Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; as, a naked body; a naked limb; a naked sword. 2. Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed; defenseless. Thy power is full naked. Chaucer. Behold my bosom naked to your swords. Addison. 3. Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of sustenance, etc.; destitute; unaided; bare. Patriots who had exposed themselves for the public, and whom they say now left naked. Milton. 4. Without addition, exaggeration, or excuses; not concealed or disguised; open to view; manifest; plain. The truth appears so naked on my side, That any purblind eye may find it out. Shak. All things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we to do. Heb. iv. 13. 5. Mere; simple; plain. The very naked name of love. Shak. 6. (Bot.) Without pubescence; as, a naked leaf or stem; bare, or not covered by the customary parts, as a flower without a perianth, a stem without leaves, seeds without a pericarp, buds without bud scales. 7. (Mus.) Not having the full complement of tones; -- said of a chord of only two tones, which requires a third tone to be sounded with them to make the combination pleasing to the ear; as, a naked fourth or fifth. Naked bed, a bed the occupant of which is naked, no night linen being worn in ancient times. Shak. -- Naked eye, the eye alone, unaided by glasses, or by telescope, microscope, or the like. -- Naked-eyed medusa. (Zoöl.) See Hydromedusa. -- Naked flooring (Carp.), the timberwork which supports a floor. Gwilt. -- Naked mollusk (Zoöl.), a nudibranch. -- Naked wood (Bot.), a large rhamnaceous tree (Colibrina reclinata) of Southern Florida and the West Indies, having a hard and heavy heartwood, which takes a fine polish. C. S. Sargent. Syn. -- Nude; bare; denuded; uncovered; unclothed; exposed; unarmed; plain; defenseless.", "nakedly": "In a naked manner; without covering or disguise; manifestly; simply; barely.", "nakedness": "1. The condition of being naked. 2. (Script.) The privy parts; the genitals. Ham ... saw the nakedness of his father. Gen. ix. 22.", - "nam": "Am not. [Obs.]\n\nof Nim. Chaucer.", - "namath": null, "name": "1. The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a class. Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. Gen. ii. 19. What's in a name That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shak. 2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or thing, on account of a character or acts. His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Is. ix. 6. 3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation; distinction. What men of name resort to him Shak. Far above ... every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come. Eph. i. 21. I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom. 1 Macc. iii. 14. He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin. Deut. xxii. 19. The king's army ...had left no good name behind. Clarendon. 4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family. The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his name, came every day to pay their feigned civilities. Motley. 5. A person, an individual. [Poetic] They list with women each degenerate name. Dryden. Christian name. (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as distinguished from surname; baptismal name. (b) A given name, whether received at baptism or not. -- Given name. See under Given. -- In name, in profession, or by title only; not in reality; as, a friend in name. -- In the name of. (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. \" I charge you in the duke's name to obey me.\" Shak. (b) In the represented or assumed character of. \" I'll to him again in name of Brook.\" Shak. -- Name plate, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon it, as a sign; a doorplate. -- Pen name, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de plume. Bayard Taylor. -- Proper name (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person, place, or thing. -- To call names, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by reproachful appellations. -- To take a name in vain, to use a name lightly or profanely; to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. Ex. xx. 7. Syn. -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet. -- Name, Appellation, Title, Denomination. Name is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term, used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of Bedford, Paul the Apostle, etc. Denomination is to particular bodies what appellation is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, etc.\n\n1. To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to denominate; to style; to call. She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv. 21. Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named. Milton. 2. To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to by distinctive title; to mention. None named thee but to praise. Halleck. Old Yew, which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead. Tennyson. 3. To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate; to specify; to appoint; as, to name a day for the wedding. Whom late you have named for consul. Shak. 4. (House of Commons) To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of reprimand. Syn. -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate; nominate.", "nameable": null, "named": null, @@ -50545,52 +44035,31 @@ "names": "1. The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a class. Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. Gen. ii. 19. What's in a name That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shak. 2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or thing, on account of a character or acts. His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Is. ix. 6. 3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation; distinction. What men of name resort to him Shak. Far above ... every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come. Eph. i. 21. I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom. 1 Macc. iii. 14. He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin. Deut. xxii. 19. The king's army ...had left no good name behind. Clarendon. 4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family. The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his name, came every day to pay their feigned civilities. Motley. 5. A person, an individual. [Poetic] They list with women each degenerate name. Dryden. Christian name. (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as distinguished from surname; baptismal name. (b) A given name, whether received at baptism or not. -- Given name. See under Given. -- In name, in profession, or by title only; not in reality; as, a friend in name. -- In the name of. (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. \" I charge you in the duke's name to obey me.\" Shak. (b) In the represented or assumed character of. \" I'll to him again in name of Brook.\" Shak. -- Name plate, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon it, as a sign; a doorplate. -- Pen name, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de plume. Bayard Taylor. -- Proper name (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person, place, or thing. -- To call names, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by reproachful appellations. -- To take a name in vain, to use a name lightly or profanely; to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. Ex. xx. 7. Syn. -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet. -- Name, Appellation, Title, Denomination. Name is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term, used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of Bedford, Paul the Apostle, etc. Denomination is to particular bodies what appellation is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, etc.\n\n1. To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to denominate; to style; to call. She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv. 21. Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named. Milton. 2. To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to by distinctive title; to mention. None named thee but to praise. Halleck. Old Yew, which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead. Tennyson. 3. To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate; to specify; to appoint; as, to name a day for the wedding. Whom late you have named for consul. Shak. 4. (House of Commons) To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of reprimand. Syn. -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate; nominate.", "namesake": "One that has the same name as another; especially, one called after, or named out of regard to, another.", "namesakes": "One that has the same name as another; especially, one called after, or named out of regard to, another.", - "namibia": null, - "namibian": null, - "namibians": null, "naming": null, - "nampa": null, - "nan": "Anan. [Prov. Eng.]", - "nanak": null, - "nanchang": null, - "nancy": null, - "nanette": null, - "nanjing": null, - "nannie": null, "nannies": null, "nanny": "A diminutive of Ann or Anne, the proper name. Nanny goat, a female goat. [Colloq.]", "nanobot": null, "nanobots": null, "nanometer": null, "nanometers": null, - "nanook": null, "nanosecond": null, "nanoseconds": null, "nanotechnologies": null, "nanotechnology": null, "nanotube": null, - "nansen": null, - "nantes": null, - "nantucket": null, - "naomi": null, "nap": "1. To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze. Chaucer. 2. To be in a careless, secure state. Wyclif. I took thee napping, unprepared. Hudibras.\n\nA short sleep; a doze; a siesta. Cowper.\n\n1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; -- as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth. 2. pl. The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. Knight.\n\nTo raise, or put, a nap on.", - "napa": null, "napalm": null, "napalmed": null, "napalming": null, "napalms": null, "nape": "The back part of the neck. Spenser.", "napes": "The back part of the neck. Spenser.", - "naphtali": null, "naphtha": "1. (Chem.) The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc. 2. (Chem.) One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal (obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc. Note: This term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of ethyl. Watts. Naphtha vitrioli Etym: [NL., naphtha of vitriol] (Old Chem.), common ethyl ether; -- formerly called sulphuric ether. See Ether.", "naphthalene": "A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline. Naphthalene red (Chem.), a dyestuff obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called also magdala red. -- Naphthalene yellow (Chem.), a yellow dyestuff obtained from certain nitro derivatives of naphthol.", - "napier": null, "napkin": "1. A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table. 2. A handkerchief. [Obs.] Shak. Napkin pattern. See Linen scroll, under Linen. -- Napkin ring, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to inclose a table napkin.", "napkins": "1. A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table. 2. A handkerchief. [Obs.] Shak. Napkin pattern. See Linen scroll, under Linen. -- Napkin ring, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to inclose a table napkin.", - "naples": null, "napless": "Without nap; threadbare. Shak.", "napoleon": "A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.", - "napoleonic": "Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or having the qualities of, Napoleon I. Lowell.", "napoleons": "A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.", "napped": null, "napper": null, @@ -50601,7 +44070,6 @@ "napping": "1. The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth. 2. (Hat Making) A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat body. Knight.", "nappy": "1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; as, to feel nappy. 2. Tending to cause sleepiness; serving to make sleepy; strong; heady; as, nappy ale. [Obs.] Wyatt.\n\nHaving a nap or pile; downy; shaggy. Holland.\n\nA round earthen dish, with a flat bottom and sloping sides. [Written also nappie.]", "naps": "1. To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze. Chaucer. 2. To be in a careless, secure state. Wyclif. I took thee napping, unprepared. Hudibras.\n\nA short sleep; a doze; a siesta. Cowper.\n\n1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; -- as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth. 2. pl. The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. Knight.\n\nTo raise, or put, a nap on.", - "napster": null, "narc": null, "narcissism": null, "narcissist": null, @@ -50622,10 +44090,6 @@ "narcs": null, "nark": null, "narky": null, - "narmada": null, - "narnia": null, - "narraganset": null, - "narragansett": null, "narrate": "To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or transaction; to give an account of. Syn. -- To relate; recount; detail; describe.", "narrated": null, "narrates": "To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or transaction; to give an account of. Syn. -- To relate; recount; detail; describe.", @@ -50647,7 +44111,6 @@ "narwhal": "An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.", "narwhals": "An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.", "nary": null, - "nasa": null, "nasal": "1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose. 2. (Phon.) Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance. Nasal bones (Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals. -- Nasal index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100.\n\n1. An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through both the nose and the mouth simultaneously. 2. (Med.) A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. [Archaic] 3. (Anc. Armor) Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard. 4. (Anat.) One of the nasal bones. 5. (Zoöl.) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.", "nasality": "The quality or state of being nasal.", "nasalization": "The act of nasalizing, or the state of being nasalized.", @@ -50657,15 +44120,8 @@ "nasalizing": null, "nasally": "In a nasal manner; by the nose.", "nasals": "1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose. 2. (Phon.) Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance. Nasal bones (Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals. -- Nasal index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100.\n\n1. An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through both the nose and the mouth simultaneously. 2. (Med.) A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. [Archaic] 3. (Anc. Armor) Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard. 4. (Anat.) One of the nasal bones. 5. (Zoöl.) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.", - "nascar": null, "nascence": null, "nascent": "1. Commencing, or in process of development; beginning to exist or to grow; coming into being; as, a nascent germ. Nascent passions and anxieties. Berkley. 2. (Chem.) Evolving; being evolved or produced. Nascent state (Chem.), the supposed instantaneous or momentary state of an uncombined atom or radical just separated from one compound acid, and not yet united with another, -- a hypothetical condition implying peculiarly active chemical properties; as, hydrogen in the nascent state is a strong reducer.", - "nasdaq": null, - "nash": "Firm; stiff; hard; also, chilly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "nashua": null, - "nashville": null, - "nassau": null, - "nasser": null, "nastier": null, "nastiest": null, "nastily": "In a nasty manner.", @@ -50673,17 +44129,8 @@ "nasturtium": "1. (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Tropæolum, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and including the common Indian cress (Tropæolum majus), the canary-bird flower (T. peregrinum), and about thirty more species, all natives of South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves and flowers are sometimes used in salads.", "nasturtiums": "1. (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Tropæolum, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and including the common Indian cress (Tropæolum majus), the canary-bird flower (T. peregrinum), and about thirty more species, all natives of South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves and flowers are sometimes used in salads.", "nasty": "1. Offensively filthy; very dirty, foul, or defiled; disgusting; nauseous. 2. Hence, loosely: Offensive; disagreeable; unpropitious; wet; drizzling; as, a nasty rain, day, sky. 3. Characterized by obcenity; indecent; indelicate; gross; filthy. Syn. -- Nasty, Filthy, Foul, Dirty. Anything nasty is usually wet or damp as well as filthy or dirty, and disgusts by its stickness or odor; but filthy and foul imply that a thing is filled or covered with offensive matter, while dirty describes it as defiled or sullied with dirt of any kind; as, filthy clothing, foul vapors, etc.", - "nat": "Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nNot at; nor at. [Obs.] haucer.", "natal": "1. Of or pertaining to one's birth; accompying or dating from one's birth; native. Princes' children took names from their natal places. Camden. Propitious star, whose sacred power Presided o'er the monarch's natal hour. Prior. 2. (Actrol.) Presiding over nativity; as, natal Jove. Syn. -- Native, natural. See Native.", - "natalia": null, - "natalie": null, - "natasha": null, "natch": "The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump. Natch bone, the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef.", - "natchez": "A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the survivors joined the Creek Confederacy.", - "nate": null, - "nathan": null, - "nathaniel": null, - "nathans": null, "nation": "1. (Ethnol.) A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock. All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues. Rev. vii. 9. 2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own. A nation is the unity of a people. Coleridge. Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation. F. S. Key. 3. Family; lineage. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. (a) One of the divisions of university students in a classification according to nativity, formerly common in Europe. (b) (Scotch Universities) One of the four divisions (named from the parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to their nativity. 5. A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation of herbs. Sterne. Five nations. See under Five. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International, and Law. Syn. -- people; race. See People.", "national": "1. Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; as, a national government, language, dress, custom, calamity, etc. 2. Attached to one's own country or nation. National anthem, a popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation; as, \"God save the King\" is called the national anthem of England. -- National bank, the official common name of a class of banking corporations established under the laws of the United States. -- National flag. See under Flag. -- National guard, a body of militia, or a local military organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United States. -- National salute, a salute consisting of as many guns as there are States in the Union. [U.S.]", "nationalism": "1. The state of being national; national attachment; nationality. 2. An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation. 3. National independence; the principles of the Nationalists.", @@ -50709,7 +44156,6 @@ "nativities": null, "nativity": "1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. Chaucer. I have served him from the hour of my nativity. Shak. Thou hast left ... the land of thy nativity. Ruth ii. 11. These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame. Milton. 2. (Fine Arts) A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born. 3. (Astrol.) A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a horoscope. The Nativity, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas day. -- To cast, or calculate, one's nativity (Astrol.), to find out and represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's birth.", "natl": null, - "nato": null, "natter": "To find fault; to be peevish. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]", "nattered": null, "nattering": null, @@ -50737,7 +44183,6 @@ "naturism": "The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent.", "naturist": "One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism. Boyle.", "naturists": "One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism. Boyle.", - "naugahyde": null, "naught": "1. Nothing. [Written also nought.] Doth Job fear God for naught Job i. 9. 2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher. To set at naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. \"Ye have set at naught all my counsel.\" Prov. i. 25.\n\nIn no degree; not at all. Chaucer. To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax.\n\n1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless. It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer. Prov. xx. 14. Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else. Shak. Things naught and things indifferent. Hooker. 2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.] No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller.", "naughtier": null, "naughtiest": null, @@ -50745,7 +44190,6 @@ "naughtiness": "The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness. I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart. 1 Sam. xvii. 28.", "naughts": "1. Nothing. [Written also nought.] Doth Job fear God for naught Job i. 9. 2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher. To set at naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. \"Ye have set at naught all my counsel.\" Prov. i. 25.\n\nIn no degree; not at all. Chaucer. To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax.\n\n1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless. It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer. Prov. xx. 14. Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else. Shak. Things naught and things indifferent. Hooker. 2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.] No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller.", "naughty": "1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] [Men] that needy be and naughty, help them with thy goods. Piers Plowman. 2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.] The other basket had very naughty figs. Jer. xxiv. 2. 3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic] So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shak. 4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child. Note: This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure.", - "nauru": null, "nausea": "Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.", "nauseam": null, "nauseate": "To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.\n\n1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust. 2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe. The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods. Blackmore.", @@ -50760,12 +44204,7 @@ "nautically": "In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affais.", "nautilus": "1. (Zoöl.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata. Note: The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined. 2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and Paper nautilus, under Paper. 3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.", "nautiluses": null, - "navajo": null, - "navajoes": "A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.", - "navajos": null, "naval": "Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc. Naval brigade, a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land. -- Naval officer. (a) An officer in the navy. (b) A high officer in some United States customhouses. -- Naval tactics, the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets. Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime. -- Naval, Nautical. Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical, to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval, as opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or instruction, nautical calculations, a nautical almanac, etc.", - "navarre": null, - "navarro": null, "nave": "1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob. 2. The navel. [Obs.] hak.\n\nThe middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.", "navel": "1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus.belly button in humans 2. The central part or point of anything; the middle. Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells. Milton. 3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage. Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril.", "navels": "1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus.belly button in humans 2. The central part or point of anything; the middle. Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells. Milton. 3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage. Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril.", @@ -50781,7 +44220,6 @@ "navigational": null, "navigator": "One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator.", "navigators": "One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator.", - "navratilova": null, "navvies": null, "navvy": "Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc. [Eng.]", "navy": "1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. \"The navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir.\" 1 kings x. 11. 2. The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; as, the navy of Italy. 3. The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as, he belongs to the navy. Navy bean. see Bean. -- Navy yard, a place set apart as a shore station for the use of the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews.", @@ -50789,28 +44227,9 @@ "nays": "1. No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by no. See Yes. And eke when I say \"ye,\" ne say not \"nay.\" Chaucer. I tell you nay; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish. Luke xiii. 3. And now do they thrust us out privily nay, verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out. Acts xvi. 37. He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay. Old Prov. Note: Before the time of Henry VIII. nay was used to answer simple questions, and no was used when the form of the question involved a negative expression; nay was the simple form, no the emphatic. Skeat. 2. Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase. Note: Nay in this sense may be interchanged with yea. \"Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom's heir.\" Shak.\n\n1. Denial; refusal. 2. a negative vote; one who votes in the negative. It is no nay, there is no denying it. [Obs.] haucer.\n\nTo refuse. [Obs.] Holinshed.", "naysayer": null, "naysayers": null, - "nazarene": "1. A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain heresies.", - "nazareth": null, - "nazca": null, - "nazi": null, - "nazis": null, - "nazism": null, - "nazisms": null, - "nb": null, - "nba": null, - "nbc": null, - "nbs": null, - "nc": null, - "ncaa": null, - "nco": null, - "nd": null, - "ndjamena": null, - "ne": "Not; never. [Obs.] He never yet no villany ne said. Chaucer. Note: Ne was formerly used as the universal adverb of negation, and survives in certain compounds, as never (= ne ever) and none (= ne one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the Vocabulary, as nad, nam, nil. See Negative, 2.\n\nNor. [Obs.] Shak. No niggard ne no fool. Chaucer. Ne . . . ne, neither . . . nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "neal": "To anneal. [R.] Chaucer.\n\nTo be tempered by heat. [R.] Bacon.", "neanderthal": "Of, pertaining to, or named from, the Neanderthal, a valley in the Rhine Province, in which were found parts of a skeleton of an early type of man. The skull is characterized by extreme dolichocephaly, flat, retreating forehead, with closed frontal sutures, and enormous superciliary ridges. The cranial capacity is estimated at about 1,220 cubic centimeters, being about midway between that of the Pithecanthropus and modern man. Hence, designating the Neanderthal race, or man, a species supposed to have been widespread in paleolithic Europe.", "neanderthals": "Of, pertaining to, or named from, the Neanderthal, a valley in the Rhine Province, in which were found parts of a skeleton of an early type of man. The skull is characterized by extreme dolichocephaly, flat, retreating forehead, with closed frontal sutures, and enormous superciliary ridges. The cranial capacity is estimated at about 1,220 cubic centimeters, being about midway between that of the Pithecanthropus and modern man. Hence, designating the Neanderthal race, or man, a species supposed to have been widespread in paleolithic Europe.", "neap": "The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals. [U.S.]\n\nLow. Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to spring tides.\n\nA neap tide. High springs and dead neaps. Harkwill.", - "neapolitan": "Of of pertaining to Maples in Italy. -- n. A native or citizen of Naples.", "neaps": "The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals. [U.S.]\n\nLow. Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to spring tides.\n\nA neap tide. High springs and dead neaps. Harkwill.", "near": "1. At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh. My wife! my traitress! let her not come near me. Milton. 2. Nearly; almost; well-nigh. \"Near twenty years ago.\" Shak. \"Near a fortnight ago.\" Addison. Near about the yearly value of the land. Locke. 3. Closely; intimately. Shak. Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region. -- To come near to, to want but little of; to approximate to. \"Such a sum he found would go near to ruin him.\" Addison. -- Near the wind (Naut.), close to the wind; closehauled.\n\n1. Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh. \"As one near death.\" Shak. He served great Hector, and was ever near, Not with his trumpet only, but his spear. Dryden. 2. Closely connected or related. She is thy father's near kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 12. 3. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend. 4. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; as, a version near to the original. 5. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a near escape. 6. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. See Off side, under Off, a. 7. Immediate; direct; close; short. \"The nearest way.\" Milton. 8. Close-fisted; parsimonious. [Obs. or Low, Eng.] Note: Near may properly be followed by to before the thing approached'; but more frequently to is omitted, and the adjective or the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the word nigh. Syn. -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready; intimate; dear.\n\nAdjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed near the land. See the Note under near, a.\n\nTo approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land.\n\nTo draw near; to approach. A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared, and neared. Coleridge.", "nearby": null, @@ -50836,12 +44255,6 @@ "neath": null, "neatly": "In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.", "neatness": "The state or quality of being neat.", - "neb": "The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak.", - "nebr": null, - "nebraska": null, - "nebraskan": null, - "nebraskans": null, - "nebuchadnezzar": null, "nebula": "1. (Astron.) A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebulæ are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope. 2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]", "nebulae": null, "nebular": "Of or pertaining to nebulæ; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula. Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.", @@ -50890,7 +44303,6 @@ "nectar": "1. (Myth. & Poetic) The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage. 2. (Bot.) A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.", "nectarine": "Nectareous. [R.] Milton.\n\nA smooth-skinned variety of peach. Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba.", "nectarines": "Nectareous. [R.] Milton.\n\nA smooth-skinned variety of peach. Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba.", - "ned": null, "nee": "Born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth; as, Madame de Staël, née Necker.", "need": "1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want. And the city had no need of the sun. Rev. xxi. 23. I have no need to beg. Shak. Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy. Jer. Taylor. 2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution. Chaucer. Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes. Shak. 3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury. -- Need, Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of aid or relief.\n\nTo be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief. Other creatures all day long Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest. Milton. Note: With another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. \"And the lender need not fear he shall be injured.\" Anacharsis (Trans. ).\n\nTo be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer. When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. Locke.\n\nOf necessity. See Needs. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "needed": null, @@ -50916,7 +44328,6 @@ "nefarious": "Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile. Syn. -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See Iniquitous. -- Ne*fa\"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Ne*fa\"ri*ous*ness, n.", "nefariously": null, "nefariousness": null, - "nefertiti": null, "neg": null, "negate": null, "negated": null, @@ -50932,7 +44343,6 @@ "negativing": null, "negativism": null, "negativity": "The quality or state of being negative.", - "negev": null, "neglect": "1. Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to disregard; to slight; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay debts. I hope My absence doth neglect no great designs. Shak. This, my long suffering and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste. Milton. 2. To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight; as, to neglect strangers. Syn. -- To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See Slight.\n\n1. Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or heed anything; culpable disregard; as, neglect of business, of health, of economy. To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton. 2. Omission if attention or civilities; slight; as, neglect of strangers. 3. Habitual carelessness; negligence. Age breeds neglect in all. Denham. 4. The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected. Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect. Prior. Syn. -- Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness; indifference. See Negligence.", "neglected": null, "neglectful": "Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive; indifferent. Pope. A cold and neglectful countenance. Locke. Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not entirely neglectful of it. Arbuthnot. -- Neg*lect\"ful*ly, adv. -- Neg*lect\"ful*ness, n.", @@ -50957,17 +44367,9 @@ "negotiations": "1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. etc. 2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. [Obs.] Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' negotiation in the East Indies. Evelyn. 3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties, composing difference, etc.; as, the negotiations at Ghent. An important negotiation with foreign powers. Macaulay.", "negotiator": "One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.", "negotiators": "One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.", - "negress": "A black woman; a female negro.", - "negresses": null, "negritude": null, "negro": "A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.\n\nof or pertaining to negroes; black. Negro bug (Zoöl.), a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor. -- negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West Indies. see Durra. McElrath. -- Negro fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous fly (Psila rosæ) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also carrot fly. -- Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath. -- Negro monkey (Zoöl.), the moor monkey.", - "negroes": null, "negroid": "1. Characteristic of the negro. 2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro.", - "negroids": "1. Characteristic of the negro. 2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro.", - "negros": "A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.\n\nof or pertaining to negroes; black. Negro bug (Zoöl.), a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor. -- negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West Indies. see Durra. McElrath. -- Negro fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous fly (Psila rosæ) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also carrot fly. -- Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath. -- Negro monkey (Zoöl.), the moor monkey.", - "neh": null, - "nehemiah": null, - "nehru": null, "neigh": "1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny. 2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.] Neighed at his nakedness. Beau. & Fl.\n\nThe cry of a horse; a whinny.", "neighbor": "1. A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off. Chaucer. Masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbors. Shak. 2. One who is near in sympathy or confidence. Buckingham No more shall be the neighbor to my counsel. Shak. 3. One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of the human race; a fellow being. Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves Luke x. 36. The gospel allows no such term as \"stranger;\" makes every man my neighbor. South.\n\nNear to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring. \"The neighbor cities.\" Jer. l. 40. \"The neighbor room.\" Shak.\n\n1. To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to. Leisurely ascending hills that neighbor the shore. Sandys. 2. To associate intimately with. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near. [Obs.] A copse that neighbors by. Shak.", "neighbored": null, @@ -50980,21 +44382,13 @@ "neighed": null, "neighing": null, "neighs": "1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny. 2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.] Neighed at his nakedness. Beau. & Fl.\n\nThe cry of a horse; a whinny.", - "neil": null, "neither": "Not either; not the one or the other. Which of them shall I take Both one or neither Neither can be enjoyed, If both remain alive. Shak. He neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak.\n\nnot either; generally used to introduce the first of two or more coördinate clauses of which those that follow begin with nor. Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king. 1 Kings xxii. 31. Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me. Milton. When she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell, nor give, nor lose it. Shak. Note: Neither was formerly often used where we now use nor. \"For neither circumcision, neither uncircumcision is anything at all.\" Tyndale. \"Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it.\" Gen. iii. 3. Neither is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause to enforce a foregoing negative (nor, not, no). \"He is very tall, but not too tall neither.\" Addison. \" `I care not for his thrust' `No, nor I neither.'\" Shak. Not so neither, by no means. [Obs.] Shak.", - "nelda": null, - "nell": null, - "nellie": null, - "nelly": null, - "nelsen": null, "nelson": null, "nelsons": null, "nematode": "Same as Nematoid.", "nematodes": "Same as Nematoid.", - "nembutal": null, "nemeses": null, "nemesis": "The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance. This is that ancient doctrine of nemesis who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offense go unchastised. Emerson.", - "neo": null, "neoclassic": "Belonging to, or designating, the modern revival of classical, esp. Greco-Roman, taste and manner of work in architecture, etc.", "neoclassical": null, "neoclassicism": null, @@ -51007,7 +44401,6 @@ "neoconservatives": null, "neocortex": null, "neodymium": "An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8.", - "neogene": null, "neolithic": "Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone. The Neolithic era includes the latter half of the \"Stone age;\" the human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or \"crannogs,\" of the British Isles, belong to this era. Lubbock.", "neologism": "1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense. Mrs. Browning. 2. A new word, phrase, or expression. 3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.", "neologisms": "1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense. Mrs. Browning. 2. A new word, phrase, or expression. 3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.", @@ -51022,10 +44415,6 @@ "neoplasms": "A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action.", "neoplastic": "of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia.", "neoprene": null, - "nepal": null, - "nepalese": null, - "nepali": null, - "nepalis": null, "nepenthe": "A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and sorrow; -- by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence, anything soothing and comforting. Lulled with the sweet nepenthe of a court. Pope. Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe. Poe.", "nephew": "1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.] But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren,]. 1 Tim. v. 4. If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers. Jer. Taylor. 2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak. 3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Chaucer.", "nephews": "1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.] But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren,]. 1 Tim. v. 4. If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers. Jer. Taylor. 2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak. 3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Chaucer.", @@ -51037,17 +44426,12 @@ "nepotist": "One who practices nepotism.", "nepotistic": null, "nepotists": "One who practices nepotism.", - "neptune": "1. (Rom. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter. 2. (Astron.) The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years. Neptune powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin, -- used in blasting. -- Neptune's cup (Zoöl.), a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge (Thalassema Neptuni).", "neptunium": "A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain indentification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite. Hermann.", "nerd": null, "nerdier": null, "nerdiest": null, "nerds": null, "nerdy": null, - "nereid": "1. (Class. Myth.) A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish. 2. (Zoöl.) Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar annelids of other families.", - "nerf": null, - "nero": "A Roman emperor notorius for debauchery and barbarous cruelty; hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant. -- Ne*ro\"ni*an, a.", - "neruda": null, "nerve": "1. (Anat.) One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body. Note: An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium) and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework (the epineurium) containing blood vessels and lymphatics. 2. A sinew or a tendon. Pope. 3. Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control; constitutional vigor. he led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm. Milton. 4. Steadiness and firmness of mind; self-command in personal danger, or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck; resolution. 5. Audacity; assurance. [Slang] 6. (Bot.) One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf, especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of the leaf. 7. (Zoöl.) One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects. Nerve cell (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are connected; a ganglion cell. -- Nerve fiber (Anat.), one of the fibers of which nerves are made up. These fibers are either medullated or nonmedullated. in both kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike axis cylinder which is continuous the whole length of the fiber. -- Nerve stretching (Med.), the operation of stretching a nerve in order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.\n\nTo give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; as, fear nerved his arm.", "nerved": "1. Having nerves of a special character; as, weak-nerved. 2. (Bot.) Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins. Gray.", "nerveless": "1. Destitute of nerves. 2. Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak; powerless. A kingless people for a nerveless state. Byron. Awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream. Hawthorne.", @@ -51062,8 +44446,6 @@ "nervously": "In a nervous manner.", "nervousness": "State or quality of being nervous.", "nervy": "Strong; sinewy. \"His nervy knees.\" Keats.", - "nescafe": null, - "nesselrode": null, "nest": "1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young. The birds of the air have nests. Matt. viii. 20. 2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared. Bentley. 3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors; a nest of bugs. A little cottage, like some poor man's nest. Spenser. 4. (Geol.) An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock. 5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger. 6. (Mech.) A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively. Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras.\n\nTo build and occupy a nest. The king of birds nested within his leaves. Howell.\n\nTo put into a nest; to form a nest for. From him who nested himself into the chief power. South.", "nested": null, "nesting": null, @@ -51072,28 +44454,20 @@ "nestles": "1. To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [Obs.] The kingfisher ... nestles in hollow banks. L'Estrange. 2. To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter. Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came. Bacon. 3. To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; as, a child nestles.\n\nTo house, as in a nest. 2. To cherish, as a bird her young.", "nestling": "1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman. 2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nNewly hatched; being yet in the nest.", "nestlings": "1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman. 2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nNewly hatched; being yet in the nest.", - "nestor": "A genus of parrots with gray heads. of New Zeland and papua, allied to the cockatoos. See Kaka.", - "nestorius": null, "nests": "1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young. The birds of the air have nests. Matt. viii. 20. 2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared. Bentley. 3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors; a nest of bugs. A little cottage, like some poor man's nest. Spenser. 4. (Geol.) An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock. 5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger. 6. (Mech.) A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively. Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras.\n\nTo build and occupy a nest. The king of birds nested within his leaves. Howell.\n\nTo put into a nest; to form a nest for. From him who nested himself into the chief power. South.", "net": "1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc. 2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding. A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet. Prov. xxix. 5. In the church's net there are fishes good or bad. Jer. Taylor. 3. Anything wrought or woven in meshes; as, a net for the hair; a mosquito net; a tennis net. 4. (Geom.) A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves, which are connected at certain points and related to each other by some specified law.\n\n1. To make into a net; to make n the style of network; as, to net silk. 2. To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile. And now I am here, netted and in the toils. Sir W. Scott. 3. To inclose or cover with a net; as, to net a tree.\n\nTo form network or netting; to knit.\n\n1. Without spot; pure; shining. [Obs.] Her breast all naked as net ivory. Spenser. 2. Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; as, net wine, etc. [R.] 3. Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc; as, net profit; net income; net weight, etc. [Less properly written nett.] Net tonnage (Naut.), the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew, machinery, etc.\n\nTo produce or gain as clear profit; as, he netted a thousand dollars by the operation.", "netball": null, "netbook": null, "netbooks": null, - "netflix": null, "nether": "Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper. 'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires. Milton. This darksome nether world her light Doth dim with horror and deformity. Spenser. All my nether shape thus grew transformed. Milton.", - "netherlander": null, - "netherlanders": null, - "netherlands": null, "nethermost": "Lowest; as, the nethermost abyss. Milton.", "netherworld": null, "netiquette": null, "netiquettes": null, "nets": "1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc. 2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding. A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet. Prov. xxix. 5. In the church's net there are fishes good or bad. Jer. Taylor. 3. Anything wrought or woven in meshes; as, a net for the hair; a mosquito net; a tennis net. 4. (Geom.) A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves, which are connected at certain points and related to each other by some specified law.\n\n1. To make into a net; to make n the style of network; as, to net silk. 2. To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile. And now I am here, netted and in the toils. Sir W. Scott. 3. To inclose or cover with a net; as, to net a tree.\n\nTo form network or netting; to knit.\n\n1. Without spot; pure; shining. [Obs.] Her breast all naked as net ivory. Spenser. 2. Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; as, net wine, etc. [R.] 3. Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc; as, net profit; net income; net weight, etc. [Less properly written nett.] Net tonnage (Naut.), the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew, machinery, etc.\n\nTo produce or gain as clear profit; as, he netted a thousand dollars by the operation.", - "netscape": null, "netted": null, "netter": null, "netters": null, - "nettie": null, "netting": "1. The act or process of making nets or network, or of forming meshes, as for fancywork, fishing nets, etc. 2. A piece of network; any fabric, made of cords, threads, wires, or the like, crossing one another with open spaces between. 3. (Naut.) A network of ropes used for various purposes, as for holding the hammocks when not in use, also for stowing sails, and for hoisting from the gunwale to the rigging to hinder an enemy from boarding. Totten. Netting needle, a kind of slender shuttle used in netting. See Needle, n., 3.\n\nUrine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "nettle": "A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. chamædryoides in the Southern, United States. the common European species, U. urens and U. dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is the Roman nettle of England. Note: The term nettle has been given to many plants related to, or to some way resembling, the true nettle; as: Australian nettle, a stinging tree or shrub of the genus Laportea (as L. gigas and L. moroides); -- also called nettle tree. -- Bee nettle, Hemp nettle, a species of Galeopsis. See under Hemp. -- Blind nettle, Dead nettle, a harmless species of Lamium. -- False nettle (Bæhmeria cylindrica), a plant common in the United States, and related to the true nettles. -- Hedge nettle, a species of Stachys. See under Hedge. -- Horse nettle (Solanum Carolinense). See under Horse. -- nettle tree. (a) Same as Hackberry. (b) See Australian nettle (above). -- Spurge nettle, a stinging American herb of the Spurge family (Jatropha urens). -- Wood nettle, a plant (Laportea Canadensis) which stings severely, and is related to the true nettles. Nettle cloth, a kind of thick cotton stuff, japanned, and used as a substitute for leather for various purposes. -- Nettle rash (Med.), an eruptive disease resembling the effects of whipping with nettles. -- Sea nettle (Zoöl.), a medusa.\n\nTo fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to cause to experience sensations of displeasure or uneasiness not amounting to violent anger. The princes were so nettled at the scandal of this affront, that every man took it to himself. L'Estrange.", "nettled": null, @@ -51104,7 +44478,6 @@ "networked": null, "networking": null, "networks": "1. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other at certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the crossings, thus leaving spaces or meshes between them. 2. Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing like the fabric of a net; as, a network of veins; a network of railroads.", - "netzahualcoyotl": null, "neural": "relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; -- opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as ventral. Cf. Hemal. Neural arch (Anat.), the cartilaginous or bony arch on the dorsal side of the centrum of the vertebra in a segment of the spinal skeleton, usually inclosing a segment of the spinal cord.", "neuralgia": "A disease, the chief symptom of which is a very acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which follows the course of a nervous branch, extends to its ramifications, and seems therefore to be seated in the nerve. It seems to be independent of any structural lesion. Dunglison.", "neuralgic": "of or pertaining to, or having the character of, neuralgia; as, a neuralgic headache.", @@ -51159,27 +44532,16 @@ "neutrinos": null, "neutron": null, "neutrons": null, - "nev": null, - "neva": null, - "nevada": null, - "nevadan": null, - "nevadans": null, - "nevadian": null, "never": "1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time, whether past, present, or future. Shak. Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. Pope. 2. In no degree; not in the least; not. Whosoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another man's head, and yet see never the worse. South. And he answered him to never a word. Matt. xxvii. 14. Note: Never is much used in composition with present participles to form adjectives, as in never-ceasing, never-dying, never-ending, never-fading, never-failing, etc., retaining its usual signification. Never a deal, not a bit. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Never so, as never before; more than at any other time, or in any other circumstances; especially; particularly; -- now often expressed or replaced by ever so. Ask me never so much dower and gift. Gen. xxxiv. 12. A fear of battery, ... though never so well grounded, is no duress. Blackstone.", "nevermore": "Never again; at no time hereafter. Testament of Love. Tyndale. Where springtime of the Hesperides Begins, but endeth nevermore. Longfellow.", "nevertheless": "Not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet. No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous; nevertheless, afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness. Heb. xii. 11. Syn. -- However; at least; yet; still. See However.", "nevi": null, - "nevis": null, - "nevsky": null, "nevus": null, "new": "1. Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; -- opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion. \"Your new wife.\" Chaucer. 2. Not before seen or known, although existing before; lately manifested; recently discovered; as, a new metal; a new planet; new scenes. 3. Newly beginning or recurring; starting anew; now commencing; different from has been; as, a new year; a new course or direction. 4. As if lately begun or made; having the state or quality of original freshness; also, changed for the better; renovated; unworn; untried; unspent; as, rest and travel made him a new man. Steadfasty purposing to lead a new life. Bk. of Com. Prayer. Men after long emaciating diets, fat, and almost new. Bacon. 5. Not of ancient extraction, or of a family of ancient descent; not previously kniwn or famous. Addison. 6. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed. New to the plow, unpracticed in the trace. Pope. 7. Fresh from anything; newly come. New from her sickness to that northern air. Dryden. New birth. See under Birth. -- New Church, or New Jerusalem Church, the church holding the doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. See Swedenborgian. -- New heart (Theol.), a heart or character changed by the power of God, so as to be governed by new and holy motives. -- New land, land ckeared and cultivated for the first time. -- New light. (Zoöl.) See Crappie. -- New moon. (a) The moon in its first quarter, or when it first appears after being invisible. (b) The day when the new moon is first seen; the first day of the lunar month, which was a holy day among the Jews. 2 Kings iv. 23. -- New Red Sandstone (Geol.), an old name for the formation immediately above the coal measures or strata, now divided into the Permian and Trias. See Sandstone. -- New style. See Style. -- New testament. See under Testament. -- New world, the land of the Western Hemisphere; -- so called because not known to the inhabitants of the Eastern Hemisphere until recent times. Syn. -- Novel; recent; fresh; modern. See Novel.\n\nNewly; recently. Chaucer. Note: New is much used in composition, adverbially, in the sense of newly, recently, to quality other words, as in new-born, new-formed, new-found, new-mown. Of new, anew. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo make new; to renew. [Obs.]", - "newark": null, "newbie": null, "newbies": null, "newborn": "Recently born. Shak.", "newborns": "Recently born. Shak.", - "newburgh": null, - "newcastle": null, "newcomer": "One who has lately come.", "newcomers": "One who has lately come.", "newel": "A novelty; a new thing. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nThe upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. See Hollow newel, under Hollow.", @@ -51188,17 +44550,12 @@ "newest": null, "newfangled": "1. Newmade; formed with the affectation of novelty. \"A newfangled nomenclature.\" Sir W. Hamilton. 2. Disposed to change; inclined to novelties; given to new theories or fashions. \"Newfangled teachers.\" 1 Tim. vi. (heading). \"Newfangled men.\" Latimer.", "newfound": null, - "newfoundland": "1. An island on the coast of British North America, famed for the fishing grounds in its vicinity. 2. A Newfoundland dog. Tennyson. Newfoundland dog (Zoöl.), a breed of large dogs, with shaggy hair, which originated in Newfoundland, noted for intelligence, docility, and swimming powers.", - "newfoundlander": null, - "newfoundlands": "1. An island on the coast of British North America, famed for the fishing grounds in its vicinity. 2. A Newfoundland dog. Tennyson. Newfoundland dog (Zoöl.), a breed of large dogs, with shaggy hair, which originated in Newfoundland, noted for intelligence, docility, and swimming powers.", "newline": null, "newlines": null, "newly": "1. Lately; recently. He rubbed it o'er with newly gathered mint. Dryden. 2. Anew; afresh; freshly. And the refined mind doth newly fashion Into a fairer form. Spenser.", "newlywed": null, "newlyweds": null, - "newman": null, "newness": "The quality or state of being new; as, the newness of a system; the newness of a scene; newness of life.", - "newport": null, "news": "1. A report of recent occurences; information of something that has lately taken place, or of something before unknown; fresh tindings; recent intelligence. Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton. 2. Something strange or newly happened. It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and rich. L'Estrange. 3. A bearer of news; a courier; a newspaper. [Obs.] There cometh a news thither with his horse. Pepys.", "newsagent": null, "newsagents": null, @@ -51210,7 +44567,6 @@ "newscasts": null, "newsdealer": null, "newsdealers": null, - "newses": null, "newsflash": null, "newsflashes": null, "newsgirl": null, @@ -51241,7 +44597,6 @@ "newsrooms": "A room where news is collected and disseminated, or periodicals sold; a reading room supplied with newspapers, magazines, etc.", "newsstand": null, "newsstands": null, - "newsweek": null, "newsweeklies": null, "newsweekly": null, "newswoman": null, @@ -51251,24 +44606,12 @@ "newsy": "Full of news; abounding in information as to current events. [Colloq.]", "newt": "Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The common British species are the crested newt (Triton cristatus) and the smooth newt (Lophinus punctatus). In America, Diemictylus viridescens is one of the most abundant species.", "newton": null, - "newtonian": "Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries. Newtonian philosophy, the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton; -- applied to the doctrine of the universe as expounded in Newton's \"Principia,\" to the modern or experimental philosophy (as opposed to the theories of Descartes and others), and, most frequently, to the mathematical theory of universal gravitation. -- Newtonian telescope (Astron.), a reflecting telescope, in which rays from the large speculum are received by a plane mirror placed diagonally in the axis, and near the open end of the tube, and thrown at right angles toward one side of the tube, where the image is formed and viewed through the eyeplace. -- Newtonian theory of light. See Note under Light.\n\nA follower of Newton.", "newtons": null, "newts": "Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The common British species are the crested newt (Triton cristatus) and the smooth newt (Lophinus punctatus). In America, Diemictylus viridescens is one of the most abundant species.", - "nexis": null, "next": "1. Nearest in place; having no similar object intervening. Chaucer. Her princely guest Was next her side; in order sat the rest. Dryden. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way. Bunyan. 2. Nearest in time; as, the next day or hour. 3. Adjoining in a series; immediately preceding or following in order. None could tell whose turn should be the next. Gay. 4. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; as, the next heir was an infant. The man is near of kin unto us, one of our next kinsmen. Ruth ii. 20. Note: Next is usually followed by to before an object, but to is sometimes omitted. In such cases next in considered by many grammarians as a preposition. Next friend (Law), one who represents an infant, a married woman, or any person who can not appear sui juris, in a suit at law.\n\nIn the time, place, or order nearest or immediately suceeding; as, this man follows next.", "nexus": "Connection; tie. Man is doubtless one by some subtile nexus ... extending from the new-born infant to the superannuated dotard. De Quincey.", "nexuses": null, - "nf": null, - "nfc": null, - "nfl": null, - "ngaliema": null, - "nguyen": null, - "nh": null, - "nhl": null, - "ni": null, "niacin": null, - "niagara": null, - "niamey": null, "nib": "1. A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong. \"The little nib or fructifying principle.\" Sir T. Browne. 2. (Zoöl.) The bill or beak of a bird; the neb. 3. The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder. 4. One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, [Prov. Eng.], the shaft of a wagon.\n\nTo furnish with a nib; to point; to mend the point of; as, to nib a pen.", "nibble": "To bite by little at a time; to seize gently with the mouth; to eat slowly or in small bits. Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep. Shak.\n\nTo bite upon something gently or cautiously; to eat a little of a thing, as by taking small bits cautiously; as, fishes nibble at the bait. Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly falls a- nibbling at one single passage. Tillotson.\n\nA small or cautious bite.", "nibbled": null, @@ -51276,16 +44619,9 @@ "nibblers": "One who, or that which, nibbles.", "nibbles": "To bite by little at a time; to seize gently with the mouth; to eat slowly or in small bits. Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep. Shak.\n\nTo bite upon something gently or cautiously; to eat a little of a thing, as by taking small bits cautiously; as, fishes nibble at the bait. Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly falls a- nibbling at one single passage. Tillotson.\n\nA small or cautious bite.", "nibbling": null, - "nibelung": null, "nibs": "1. A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong. \"The little nib or fructifying principle.\" Sir T. Browne. 2. (Zoöl.) The bill or beak of a bird; the neb. 3. The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder. 4. One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, [Prov. Eng.], the shaft of a wagon.\n\nTo furnish with a nib; to point; to mend the point of; as, to nib a pen.", - "nicaea": null, - "nicaragua": null, - "nicaraguan": null, - "nicaraguans": null, - "niccolo": null, "nice": "1. Foolish; silly; simple; ignorant; also, weak; effeminate. [Obs.] Gower. But say that we ben wise and nothing nice. Chaucer. 2. Of trifling moment; nimportant; trivial. [Obs.] The letter was not nice, but full of charge Of dear import. Shak. 3. Overscrupulous or exacting; hard to please or satisfy; fastidious in small matters. Curious not knowing, not exact but nice. Pope. And to taste Think not I shall be nice. Milton. 4. Delicate; refined; dainty; pure. Dear love, continue nice and chaste. Donne. A nice and subtile happiness. Milton. 5. Apprehending slight diffferences or delicate distinctions; distinguishing accurately or minutely; carefully discriminating; as, a nice taste or judgment. \"Our author happy in a judge so nice.\" Pope. \"Nice verbal criticism.\" Coleridge. 6. Done or made with careful labor; suited to excite admiration on account of exactness; evidencing great skill; exact; fine; finished; as, nice proportions, nice workmanship, a nice application; exactly or fastidiously discriminated; requiring close discrimination; as, a nice point of law, a nice distinction in philosophy. The difference is too nice Where ends the virtue, or begins the vice. Pope. 7. Pleasing; agreeable; gratifying; delightful; good; as, a nice party; a nice excursion; a nice person; a nice day; a nice sauce, etc. [Loosely & Colloquially] To make nice of, to be scrupulous about. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Dainty; delicate; exquisite; fine; accurate; exact; correct; precise; particular; scrupulous; punctilious; fastidious; squeamish; finical; effeminate; silly.", "nicely": "In a nice manner.", - "nicene": "Of or pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor, or to the ecumenial council held there A. D. 325. Nicene Creed (, a summary of Christian faith, composed and adopted by the Council of Nice, against Arianism, A. D. 325, altered and confirmed by the Council of Constantinople, A. D. 381, and by subsequent councils.", "niceness": "Quality or state of being nice.", "nicer": null, "nicest": null, @@ -51293,11 +44629,6 @@ "nicety": "1. The quality or state of being nice (in any of the senses of that word.). The miller smiled of her nicety. Chaucer. 2. Delicacy or exactness of perception; minuteness of observation or of discrimination; precision. 3. A delicate expression, act, mode of treatment, distinction, or the like; a minute distinction. The fineness and niceties of words. Locke. To a nicety, with great exactness or accuracy.", "niche": "A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. hence, any similar position, literal or figurative. Images defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone wherein they are placed. Evelun.", "niches": "A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. hence, any similar position, literal or figurative. Images defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone wherein they are placed. Evelun.", - "nichiren": null, - "nicholas": null, - "nichole": null, - "nichols": null, - "nicholson": null, "nick": "An evil spirit of the waters. Old Nick, the evil one; the devil. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A notch cut into something; as: (a) A score for keeping an account; a reckoning. [Obs.] (b) (Print.) A notch cut crosswise in the shank of a type, to assist a compositor in placing it properly in the stick, and in distribution. W. Savage. (c) A broken or indented place in any edge or surface; nicks in china. 2. A particular point or place considered as marked by a nick; the exact point or critical moment. To cut it off in the very nick. Howell. This nick of time is the critical occasion for the gainger of a point. L'Estrange.\n\n1. To make a nick or nicks in; to notch; to keep count of or upon by nicks; as, to nick a stick, tally, etc. 2. To mar; to deface; to make ragged, as by cutting nicks or notches in. And thence proceed to nicking sashes. Prior. The itch of his affection should not then Have nicked his captainship. Shak. 3. To suit or fit into, as by a correspondence of nicks; to tally with. Words nicking and resembling one another are applicable to different significations. Camden. 4. To hit at, or in, the nick; to touch rightly; to strike at the precise point or time. The just season of doing things must be nicked, and all accidents improved. L'Estrange. 5. To make a cross cut or cuts on the under side of (the tail of a horse, in order to make him carry ir higher).\n\nTo nickname; to style. [Obs.] For Warbeck, as you nick him, came to me. Ford.", "nicked": null, "nickel": "1. (Chem.) A bright silver-white metallic element. It is of the iron group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance. Symbol Ni. Atomic weight 58.6. Note: On account of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidation, it is used in the smaller coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys, as german silver. It is magnetic, and is very frequently accompanied by cobalt, both being found in meteoric iron. 2. A small coin made of or containing nickel; esp., a five-cent piece. [Colloq. U.S.] Nickel silver, an alloy of nickel, copper, and zinc; -- usually called german silver; called also argentan.", @@ -51309,40 +44640,22 @@ "nickering": null, "nickers": "1. One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking windows with half-pence. [Cant] Arbuthnot. 2. The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored.", "nicking": "(a) The cutting made by the hewer at the side of the face. (b) pl. Small coal produced in making the nicking.", - "nicklaus": null, "nickle": "The European woodpecker, or yaffle; -- called also nicker pecker.", "nickles": "The European woodpecker, or yaffle; -- called also nicker pecker.", "nickname": "A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity; a familiar or an opprobrious appellation.\n\nTo give a nickname to; to call by a nickname. You nickname virtue; vice you should have spoke. Shak. I altogether disclaim what has been nicknamed the doctrine of finality. Macaulay.", "nicknamed": null, "nicknames": "A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity; a familiar or an opprobrious appellation.\n\nTo give a nickname to; to call by a nickname. You nickname virtue; vice you should have spoke. Shak. I altogether disclaim what has been nicknamed the doctrine of finality. Macaulay.", "nicknaming": null, - "nickolas": null, "nicks": "An evil spirit of the waters. Old Nick, the evil one; the devil. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A notch cut into something; as: (a) A score for keeping an account; a reckoning. [Obs.] (b) (Print.) A notch cut crosswise in the shank of a type, to assist a compositor in placing it properly in the stick, and in distribution. W. Savage. (c) A broken or indented place in any edge or surface; nicks in china. 2. A particular point or place considered as marked by a nick; the exact point or critical moment. To cut it off in the very nick. Howell. This nick of time is the critical occasion for the gainger of a point. L'Estrange.\n\n1. To make a nick or nicks in; to notch; to keep count of or upon by nicks; as, to nick a stick, tally, etc. 2. To mar; to deface; to make ragged, as by cutting nicks or notches in. And thence proceed to nicking sashes. Prior. The itch of his affection should not then Have nicked his captainship. Shak. 3. To suit or fit into, as by a correspondence of nicks; to tally with. Words nicking and resembling one another are applicable to different significations. Camden. 4. To hit at, or in, the nick; to touch rightly; to strike at the precise point or time. The just season of doing things must be nicked, and all accidents improved. L'Estrange. 5. To make a cross cut or cuts on the under side of (the tail of a horse, in order to make him carry ir higher).\n\nTo nickname; to style. [Obs.] For Warbeck, as you nick him, came to me. Ford.", - "nicobar": null, - "nicodemus": null, - "nicola": null, - "nicolas": null, - "nicole": null, - "nicosia": null, "nicotine": "An alkaloid which is the active principle of tobacco. It is a colorless, transparent, oily liquid, having an acrid odor, and an acrid burning taste. It is intensely poisonous. Ure.", - "niebuhr": null, "niece": "1. A relative, in general; especially, a descendant, whether male or female; a granddaughter or a grandson. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wyclif. Shak. 2. A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.", "nieces": "1. A relative, in general; especially, a descendant, whether male or female; a granddaughter or a grandson. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wyclif. Shak. 2. A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.", - "nielsen": null, - "nietzsche": null, - "nieves": null, "nifedipine": null, "niff": null, "niffy": null, "niftier": null, "niftiest": null, "nifty": null, - "nigel": null, - "niger": null, - "nigeria": null, - "nigerian": null, - "nigerians": null, - "nigerien": null, "nigga": null, "niggard": "A person meanly close and covetous; one who spends grudgingly; a stingy, parsimonous fellow; a miser. Chaucer. A penurious niggard of his wealth. Milton. Be niggards of advice on no pretense. Pope.\n\nLike a niggard; meanly covetous or parsimonious; niggardly; miserly; stingy.\n\nTo act the niggard toward; to be niggardly. [R.] Shak.", "niggardliness": "The quality or state of being niggard; meanness in giving or spending; parsimony; stinginess. Niggardliness is not good husbandry. Addison.", @@ -51403,20 +44716,11 @@ "nightwatchman": null, "nightwatchmen": null, "nightwear": null, - "nih": null, "nihilism": "1. Nothingness; nihility. 2. The doctrine that nothing can be known; scepticism as to all knowledge and all reality. 3. (Politics) The theories and practices of the Nihilists.", "nihilist": "1. One who advocates the doctrine of nihilism; one who believes or teaches that nothing can be known, or asserted to exist. 2. (Politics) A member of a secret association (esp. in Russia), which is devoted to the destruction of the present political, religious, and social institutions.", "nihilistic": "Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, nihilism.", "nihilists": "1. One who advocates the doctrine of nihilism; one who believes or teaches that nothing can be known, or asserted to exist. 2. (Politics) A member of a secret association (esp. in Russia), which is devoted to the destruction of the present political, religious, and social institutions.", - "nijinsky": null, - "nike": null, - "nikita": null, - "nikkei": null, - "nikki": null, - "nikolai": null, - "nikon": null, "nil": "Will not. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nNothing; of no account; worthless; -- a term often used for canceling, in accounts or bookkeeping. A. J. Ellis.", - "nile": "The great river of Egypt. Nile bird. (Zoöl.) (a) The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The crocodile bird. -- Nile goose (Zoöl.), the Egyptian goose. See Note under Goose, 2.", "nimbi": null, "nimble": "Light and quick in motion; moving with ease and celerity; lively; swift. Through the mid seas the nimble pinnace sails. Pope. Note: Nimble is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, nimble-footed, nimble-pinioned, nimble-winged, etc. Nimble Will (Bot.), a slender, branching, American grass (Muhlenbergia diffusa), of some repute for grazing purposes in the Mississippi valley. Syn. -- Agile; quick; active; brisk; lively; prompt.", "nimbleness": "The quality of being nimble; lightness and quickness in motion; agility; swiftness.", @@ -51425,10 +44729,8 @@ "nimbly": "In a nimble manner; with agility; with light, quick motion.", "nimbus": "1. (Fine Arts) A circle, or disk, or any indication of radiant light around the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns, upon medals, pictures, etc.; a halo. See Aureola, and Glory, n., 5. Note: \"The nimbus is of pagan origin.\" \"As an atribute of power, the nimbus is often seen attached to the heads of evil spirits.\" Fairholl. 2. (Meteor.) A rain cloud; one of the four principal varieties of clouds. See Cloud.", "nimby": null, - "nimitz": null, "nimrod": null, "nimrods": null, - "nina": null, "nincompoop": "A fool; a silly or stupid person. [Law] An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the best language she can afford me. Addison.", "nincompoops": "A fool; a silly or stupid person. [Law] An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the best language she can afford me. Addison.", "nine": "Eight and one more; one less than ten; as, nine miles. Nine men's morris. See Morris. -- Nine points circle (Geom.), a circle so related to any given triangle as to pass through the three points in which the perpendiculars from the angles of the triangle upon the opposite sides (or the sides produced) meet the sides. It also passes through the three middle points of the sides of the triangle and through the three middle points of those parts of the perpendiculars that are between their common point of meeting and the angles of the triangle. The circle is hence called the nine points or six points circle.\n\n1. The number greater than eight by a unit; nine units or objects. 2. A symbol representing nine units, as 9 or ix. The Nine, the nine Muses.", @@ -51443,15 +44745,12 @@ "ninetieth": "1. Next in order after the eighty-ninth. 2. Constituting or being one of ninety equal parts.\n\n1. The quotient of a unit divided by ninety; one of ninety equal parts of anything. 2. The next in order after the eighty-ninth.", "ninetieths": "1. Next in order after the eighty-ninth. 2. Constituting or being one of ninety equal parts.\n\n1. The quotient of a unit divided by ninety; one of ninety equal parts of anything. 2. The next in order after the eighty-ninth.", "ninety": "Nine times ten; eighty-nine and one more; as, ninety men.\n\n1. The sum of nine times ten; the number greater by a unit than eighty-nine; ninety units or objects. 2. A symbol representing ninety units, as 90 or xc.", - "nineveh": null, "ninja": null, "ninjas": null, "ninnies": null, "ninny": "A fool; a simpleton. Shak.", - "nintendo": null, "ninth": "1. Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight others. 2. Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything is divided.\n\n1. The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a thing; the next after the eighth. 2. (Mus.) (a) An interval containing an octave and a second. (b) A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added.", "ninths": "1. Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight others. 2. Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything is divided.\n\n1. The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a thing; the next after the eighth. 2. (Mus.) (a) An interval containing an octave and a second. (b) A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added.", - "niobe": "The daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Her pride in her children provoked Apollo and Diana, who slew them all. Niobe herself was changed by the gods into stone.", "niobium": "A later name of columbium. See Columbium.", "nip": "A sip or small draught; esp., a draught of intoxicating liquor; a dram.\n\n1. To catch and inclose or compress tightly between two surfaces, or points which are brought together or closed; to pinch; to close in upon. May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell, Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress. Tennyson. 2. To remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with two meeting edges of anything; to clip. The small shoots ... must be nipped off. Mortimer. 3. Hence: To blast, as by frost; to check the growth or vigor of; to destroy. 4. To vex or pain, as by nipping; hence, to taunt. And sharp remorse his heart did prick and nip. Spenser. To nip in the bud, to cut off at the verycommencement of growth; to kill in the incipient stage.\n\n1. A seizing or closing in upon; a pinching; as, in the northern seas, the nip of masses of ice. 2. A pinch with the nails or teeth. 3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end. 4. A blast; a killing of the ends of plants by frost. 5. A biting sarcasm; a taunt. Latimer. 6. (Naut.) A short turn in a rope. Nip and tuck, a phrase signifying equality in a contest. [Low, U.S.]", "nipped": null, @@ -51463,17 +44762,11 @@ "nipping": "Biting; pinching; painful; destructive; as, a nipping frost; a nipping wind.", "nipple": "1. (Anat.) The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap. 2. The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil bag, is discharged. [R.] Derham. 3. Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; as, the nipple of a nursing bottle; the nipple of a percussion lock, or that part on which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge. 4. (Mech.) A pipe fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a screw thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings. Solder nipple, a short pipe, usually of brass, one end of which is tapered and adapted for attachment to the end of a lead pipe by soldering.", "nipples": "1. (Anat.) The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap. 2. The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil bag, is discharged. [R.] Derham. 3. Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; as, the nipple of a nursing bottle; the nipple of a percussion lock, or that part on which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge. 4. (Mech.) A pipe fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a screw thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings. Solder nipple, a short pipe, usually of brass, one end of which is tapered and adapted for attachment to the end of a lead pipe by soldering.", - "nippon": null, - "nipponese": null, "nippy": null, "nips": "A sip or small draught; esp., a draught of intoxicating liquor; a dram.\n\n1. To catch and inclose or compress tightly between two surfaces, or points which are brought together or closed; to pinch; to close in upon. May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell, Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress. Tennyson. 2. To remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with two meeting edges of anything; to clip. The small shoots ... must be nipped off. Mortimer. 3. Hence: To blast, as by frost; to check the growth or vigor of; to destroy. 4. To vex or pain, as by nipping; hence, to taunt. And sharp remorse his heart did prick and nip. Spenser. To nip in the bud, to cut off at the verycommencement of growth; to kill in the incipient stage.\n\n1. A seizing or closing in upon; a pinching; as, in the northern seas, the nip of masses of ice. 2. A pinch with the nails or teeth. 3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end. 4. A blast; a killing of the ends of plants by frost. 5. A biting sarcasm; a taunt. Latimer. 6. (Naut.) A short turn in a rope. Nip and tuck, a phrase signifying equality in a contest. [Low, U.S.]", - "nirenberg": null, "nirvana": "In the Buddhist system of religion, the final emancipation of the soul from transmigration, and consequently a beatific enfrachisement from the evils of wordly existence, as by annihilation or absorption into the divine. See Buddhism.", - "nisan": "The first month of the jewish ecclesiastical year, formerly answering nearly to the month of April, now to March, of the Christian calendar. See Abib.", "nisei": null, - "nissan": null, "nit": "The egg of a louse or other small insect. Nit grass (Bot.), a pretty annual European grass (Gastridium lendigerum), with small spikelets somewhat resembling a nit. It is also found in California and Chili.", - "nita": null, "niter": "1. (Chem.) A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See Saltpeter. 2. (Chem.) Native sodium carbonate; natron. [Obs.] For though thou wash thee with niter, and take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me. Jer. ii. 22. Cubic niter, a deliquescent salt, sodium nitrate, found as a native incrustation, like niter, in Peru and Chili, whence it is known also as Chili saltpeter. -- Niter bush (Bot.), a genus (Nitraria) of thorny shrubs bearing edible berries, and growing in the saline plains of Asia and Northern Africa.", "nitpick": null, "nitpicked": null, @@ -51498,26 +44791,16 @@ "nits": "The egg of a louse or other small insect. Nit grass (Bot.), a pretty annual European grass (Gastridium lendigerum), with small spikelets somewhat resembling a nit. It is also found in California and Chili.", "nitwit": null, "nitwits": null, - "nivea": null, "nix": "One of a class of water spirits, commonly described as of a mischievous disposition. The treacherous nixes who entice men to a watery death. Tylor.", "nixed": null, "nixes": null, "nixing": null, - "nixon": null, - "nj": null, - "nkrumah": null, - "nlrb": null, - "nm": null, "no": "Not any; not one; none. Let there be no strife ... between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8. That goodness is no name, and happiness no dream. Byron. Note: In Old England before a vowel the form non or noon was used. \"No man.\" \"Noon apothercary.\" Chaucer.\n\nNay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another negative, no is emphatic. We do no otherwise than we are willed. Shak. I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or no I dare accept this your congratulation. Coleridge. There is none righteous, no, not one. Rom. iii. 10. No! Nay, Heaven forbid. Coleridge.\n\n1. A refusal by use of the wordd no; a denial. 2. A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; as, to call for the ayes and noes; the noes have it.", - "noah": "A patriarch of Biblical history, in the time of the Deluge. Noah's ark. (a) (Zoöl.) A marine bivalve shell (Arca Noæ), which somewhat resembles an ark, or ship, in form. (b) A child's toy, consisting of an ark-shaped box containing many different wooden animals.", "nob": "The head. [Low]\n\nA person in a superior position in life; a nobleman. [Slang]", "nobble": null, "nobbled": null, "nobbles": null, "nobbling": null, - "nobel": null, - "nobelist": null, - "nobelists": null, "nobelium": null, "nobility": "1. The quality or state of being noble; superiority of mind or of character; commanding excellence; eminence. Though she hated Amphialus, yet the nobility of her courage prevailed over it. Sir P. Sidney. They thought it great their sovereign to control, And named their pride nobility of soul. Dryden. 2. The state of being of high rank or noble birth; patrician dignity; antiquity of family; distinction by rank, station, or title, whether inherited or conferred. I fell on the same argument of preferring virtue to nobility of blood and titles, in the story of Sigismunda. Dryden. 3. Those who are noble; the collictive body of nobles or titled persons in a stste; the aristocratic and patrician class; the peerage; as, the English nobility.", "noble": "1. Possessing eminence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above whatever is low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable; magnanimous; as, a noble nature or action; a noble heart. Statues, with winding ivy crowned, belong To nobler poets for a nobler song. Dryden. 2. Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; as, a noble edifice. 3. Of exalted rank; of or pertaining to the nobility; distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn; as, noble blood; a noble personage. Note: Noble is used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, noble-born, noble-hearted, noble-minded. Noble metals (Chem.), silver, gold, and platinum; -- so called from their freedom from oxidation and permanence in air. Copper, mercury, aluminium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium are sometimes included. Syn. -- Honorable; worthy; dignified; elevated; exalted; superior; sublime; great; eminent; illustrious; renowned; stately; splendid; magnificent; grand; magnanimous; generous; liberal; free.\n\n1. A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer. 2. An English money of account, and, formerly, a gold coin, of the value of 6 s. 8 d. sterling, or about $1.61. 3. (Zoöl.) A European fish; the lyrie.\n\nTo make noble; to ennoble. [Obs.] Thou nobledest so far forth our nature. Chaucer.", @@ -51546,16 +44829,12 @@ "noddy": "1. A simpleton; a fool. L'Estrange. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any tern of the genus Anous, as A. stolidus. (b) The arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Sometimes also applied to other sea birds. 3. An old game at cards. Halliwell. 4. A small two-wheeled one-horse vehicle. 5. An inverted pendulum consisting of a short vertical flat spring which supports a rod having a bob at the top; -- used for detecting and measuring slight horizontal vibrations of a body to which it is attached.", "node": "1. A knot, a knob; a protuberance; a swelling. 2. Specifically: (a) (Astron.) One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary. (b) (Bot.) The joint of a stem, or the part where a leaf or several leaves are inserted. (c) (Dialing) A hole in the gnomon of a dial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc. (d) (Geom.) The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double point of the curve. See Crunode, and Acnode. (e) (Mech.) The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet from different angular directions; -- called also knot. W. R. Johnson. (f) (poet.) The knot, intrigue, or plot of a piece. (g) (Med.) A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint. Dunglison. (h) (Mus) One of the fixed points of a sonorous string, when it vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic tones; nodal line or point. (i) (Zoöl.) A swelling. Ascending node (Astron.), the node at which the body is passing northerly, marked with the symbol &astascending;, called the Dragon's head. Called also northern node. -- Descending node, the node at which the body is moving southwardly, marked thus &astdescending;, called Dragon's tail. -- Line of nodes, a straight line joining the two nodes of an orbit.", "nodes": "1. A knot, a knob; a protuberance; a swelling. 2. Specifically: (a) (Astron.) One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary. (b) (Bot.) The joint of a stem, or the part where a leaf or several leaves are inserted. (c) (Dialing) A hole in the gnomon of a dial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc. (d) (Geom.) The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double point of the curve. See Crunode, and Acnode. (e) (Mech.) The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet from different angular directions; -- called also knot. W. R. Johnson. (f) (poet.) The knot, intrigue, or plot of a piece. (g) (Med.) A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint. Dunglison. (h) (Mus) One of the fixed points of a sonorous string, when it vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic tones; nodal line or point. (i) (Zoöl.) A swelling. Ascending node (Astron.), the node at which the body is passing northerly, marked with the symbol &astascending;, called the Dragon's head. Called also northern node. -- Descending node, the node at which the body is moving southwardly, marked thus &astdescending;, called Dragon's tail. -- Line of nodes, a straight line joining the two nodes of an orbit.", - "nodoz": null, "nods": "1. To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; as, nodding plumes. 2. To incline the head with a quick motion; to make a slight bow; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness, with the head; as, to nod at one. 3. To be drowsy or dull; to be careless. Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope.\n\n1. To incline or bend, as the head or top; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with; as, to nod the head. 2. To signify by a nod; as, to nod approbation. 3. To cause to bend. [Poetic] By every wind that nods the mountain pine. Keats.\n\n1. A dropping or bending forward of the upper oart or top of anything. Like a drunken sailor on a mast, Ready with every nod to tumble down. Shak. 2. A quick or slight downward or forward motion of the head, in assent, in familiar salutation, in drowsiness, or in giving a signal, or a command. A look or a nod only ought to correct them [the children] when they do amiss. Locke. Nations obey my word and wait my nod. Prior. The land of Nod, sleep.", "nodular": "Of, pertaining to, or in the form of, a nodule or knot.", "nodule": "A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.", "nodules": "A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.", - "noe": null, "noel": "Same as Nowel.", - "noelle": null, "noels": "Same as Nowel.", - "noemi": null, "noes": null, "noggin": "1. A small mug or cup. 2. A measure equivalent to a gill. [Prov. Eng.]", "noggins": "1. A small mug or cup. 2. A measure equivalent to a gill. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -51575,13 +44854,9 @@ "noising": null, "noisome": "1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. \"Noisome pestilence.\" Ps. xci. 3. 2. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid. \"Foul breath is noisome.\" Shak. -- Noi\"some*ly, adv. -- Noi\"some*ness, n. Syn. -- Noxious; unwholesome; insalubrious; mischievous; destructive. -- Noisome, Noxious. These words have to a great extent been interchanged; but there is a tendency to make a distinction between them, applying noxious to things that inflict evil directly; as, a noxious plant, noxious practices, etc., and noisome to things that operate with a remoter influence; as, noisome vapors, a noisome pestilence, etc. Noisome has the additional sense of disqusting. A garden may be free from noxious weeds or animals; but, if recently covered with manure, it may be filled with a noisome smell.", "noisy": "1. Making a noise, esp. a loud sound; clamorous; vociferous; turbulent; boisterous; as, the noisy crowd. 2. Full of noise. \"The noisy town.\" Dryden.", - "nokia": null, - "nola": null, - "nolan": null, "nomad": "One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of pasture or game.\n\nRoving; nomadic.", "nomadic": "Of or pertaining to nomads, or their way of life; wandering; moving from place to place for subsistence; as, a nomadic tribe. -- No*mad\"ic*al*ly, adv.", "nomads": "One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of pasture or game.\n\nRoving; nomadic.", - "nome": "1. A province or political division, as of modern Greece or ancient Egypt; a nomarchy. 2. Any melody determined by inviolable rules. [Obs.]\n\nSee Term.\n\nof Nim. Chaucer.", "nomenclature": "1. A name. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary. [R.] 3. The technical names used in any particular branch of science or art, or by any school or individual; as, the nomenclature of botany or of chemistry; the nomenclature of Lavoisier and his associates.", "nomenclatures": "1. A name. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary. [R.] 3. The technical names used in any particular branch of science or art, or by any school or individual; as, the nomenclature of botany or of chemistry; the nomenclature of Lavoisier and his associates.", "nominal": "1. Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal meaning of a word; verbal; as, a nominal definition. Bp. Pearson. 2. Existing in name only; not real; as, a nominal difference. \"Nominal attendance on lectures.\" Macaulay.\n\n1. A nominalist. [Obs.] Camden. 2. (Gram.) A verb formed from a noun. 3. A name; an appellation. A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale. Moore (Encyc. of Music. )", @@ -51599,7 +44874,6 @@ "nominee": "A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.", "nominees": "A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.", "non": "No; not. See No, a. Chaucer.", - "nona": null, "nonabrasive": null, "nonabsorbent": null, "nonabsorbents": null, @@ -51963,20 +45237,9 @@ "noontime": null, "noose": "A running knot, or loop, which binds the closer the more it is drawn.\n\nTo tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to insnare.", "nooses": "A running knot, or loop, which binds the closer the more it is drawn.\n\nTo tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to insnare.", - "nootka": null, "nope": "A bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]", "nor": "A negative connective or particle, introducing the second member or clause of a negative proposition, following neither, or not, in the first member or clause (as or in affirmative propositions follows either). Nor is also used sometimes in the first member for neither, and sometimes the neither is omitted and implied by the use of nor. Provide neither gold nor silver, nor brass, in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9, 10. Where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt. Matt. vi. 20. I love him not, nor fear him. Shak. Where neither party is nor true, nor kind. Shak. Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there. Dryden.", - "nora": null, - "norad": null, - "norbert": null, - "norberto": null, - "nordic": null, - "nordics": null, - "noreen": null, - "norfolk": "Short for Norfolk Jacket.", - "noriega": null, "norm": "1. A rule or authoritative standard; a model; a type. 2. (Biol.) A typical, structural unit; a type. Agassiz.", - "norma": "1. A norm; a principle or rule; a model; a standard. J. S. Mill. 2. A mason's or a carpenter's square or rule. 3. A templet or gauge.", "normal": "1. According to an established norm, rule, or principle; conformed to a type, standard, or regular form; performing the proper functions; not abnormal; regular; natural; analogical. Deviations from the normal type. Hallam. 2. (Geom.) According to a square or rule; perpendicular; forming a right angle. Specifically: Of or pertaining to a normal. 3. (Chem.) Standard; original; exact; typical. Specifically: (a) (Quantitative Analysis) Denoting a solution of such strength that every cubic centimeter contains the same number of milligrams of the element in question as the number of its molecular weight. (b) (Chem.) Denoting certain hypothetical compounds, as acids from which the real acids are obtained by dehydration; thus, normal sulphuric acid and normal nitric acid are respectively S(OH)6, and N(OH)5. (c) (Organ. Chem.) Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in which no carbon atom is united with more than two other carbon atoms; as, normal pentane, hexane, etc. Cf. Iso-. Normal equations (Method of Least Squares), a set of equations of the first degree equal in number to the number of unknown quantities, and derived from the observations by a specified process. The solution of the normal equations gives the most probable values of the unknown quantities. -- Normal group (Geol.), a group of rocks taken as a standard. Lyell. -- Normal place (of a planet or comet) (Astron.), the apparent place in the heavens of a planet or comet at a specified time, the place having been determined by a considerable number of observations, extending perhaps over many days, and so combined that the accidental errors of observation have largely balanced each other. -- Normal school, a school whose methods of instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; an institution for the training of teachers. Syn. -- Normal, Regular, Ordinary. Regular and ordinary are popular terms of well-known signification; normal has now a more specific sense, arising out of its use in science. A thing is normal, or in its normal state, when strictly conformed to those principles of its constitution which mark its species or to the standard of a healthy and natural condition. It is abnormal when it departs from those principles.\n\n1. (Geom.) Any perpendicular. 2. (Geom.) A straight line or plane drawn from any point of a curve or surface so as to be perpendicular to the curve or surface at that point. Note: The term normal is also used to denote the distance along the normal line from the curve to the axis of abscissas or to the center of curvature.", "normalcy": "The quality, state, or fact of being normal; as, the point of normalcy. [R.]", "normality": null, @@ -51986,26 +45249,15 @@ "normalizes": null, "normalizing": null, "normally": "In a normal manner. Darwin.", - "norman": "A wooden bar, or iron pin. W. C. Russell.\n\nOf or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman language; the Norman conquest. Norman style (Arch.), a style of architecture which arose in the tenth century, characterized by great massiveness, simplicity, and strength, with the use of the semicircular arch, heavy round columns, and a great variety of ornaments, among which the zigzag and spiral or cable-formed ornaments were prominent.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror.", - "normand": null, - "normandy": null, - "normans": "A wooden bar, or iron pin. W. C. Russell.\n\nOf or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman language; the Norman conquest. Norman style (Arch.), a style of architecture which arose in the tenth century, characterized by great massiveness, simplicity, and strength, with the use of the semicircular arch, heavy round columns, and a great variety of ornaments, among which the zigzag and spiral or cable-formed ornaments were prominent.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror.", "normative": null, "norms": "1. A rule or authoritative standard; a model; a type. 2. (Biol.) A typical, structural unit; a type. Agassiz.", - "norplant": null, - "norris": null, - "norse": "Of or pertaining to ancient Scandinavia, or to the language spoken by its inhabitants.\n\nThe Norse language.", - "norseman": "One of the ancient Scandinavians; a Northman.", - "norsemen": null, "north": "1. That one of the four cardinal points of the compass, at any place, which lies in the direction of the true meridian, and to the left hand of a person facing the east; the direction opposite to the south. 2. Any country or region situated farther to the north than another; the northern section of a country. 3. Specifically: That part of the United States lying north of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.\n\nLying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the north, or coming from the north. North following. See Following, a., 2. -- North pole, that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety degrees from the equator toward the north. -- North preceding. See Following, a., 2. -- North star, the star toward which the north pole of the earth very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable in the sky. The star a (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present north star, being distant from the pole about 1º 25', and from year to year approaching slowly nearer to it. It is called also Cynosura, polestar, and by astronomers, Polaris.\n\nTo turn or move toward the north; to veer from the east or west toward the north.\n\nNorthward.", - "northampton": null, "northbound": null, "northeast": "The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from each; the northeast part or region.\n\nOf or pertaining to the northeast; proceeding toward the northeast, or coming from that point; as, a northeast course; a northeast wind. Northeast passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of Asia.\n\nToward the northeast.", "northeaster": "A storm, strong wind, or gale, coming from the northeast.", "northeasterly": "Pertaining to the northeast; toward the northeast, or coming from the northeast.\n\nToward the northeast.", "northeastern": "Of or pertaining to the northeast; northeasterly.", "northeasters": "A storm, strong wind, or gale, coming from the northeast.", - "northeasts": "The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from each; the northeast part or region.\n\nOf or pertaining to the northeast; proceeding toward the northeast, or coming from that point; as, a northeast course; a northeast wind. Northeast passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of Asia.\n\nToward the northeast.", "northeastward": "Toward the northeast.", "northeastwards": "Toward the northeast.", "norther": "A wind from the north; esp., a strong and cold north wind in Texas and the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico.", @@ -52016,9 +45268,6 @@ "northerners": "1. One born or living in the north. 2. A native or inhabitant of the Northern States; -- contradistinguished from Ant: Southerner. [U. S.]", "northernmost": "Farthest north.", "northers": "A wind from the north; esp., a strong and cold north wind in Texas and the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico.", - "northrop": null, - "northrup": null, - "norths": "1. That one of the four cardinal points of the compass, at any place, which lies in the direction of the true meridian, and to the left hand of a person facing the east; the direction opposite to the south. 2. Any country or region situated farther to the north than another; the northern section of a country. 3. Specifically: That part of the United States lying north of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.\n\nLying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the north, or coming from the north. North following. See Following, a., 2. -- North pole, that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety degrees from the equator toward the north. -- North preceding. See Following, a., 2. -- North star, the star toward which the north pole of the earth very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable in the sky. The star a (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present north star, being distant from the pole about 1º 25', and from year to year approaching slowly nearer to it. It is called also Cynosura, polestar, and by astronomers, Polaris.\n\nTo turn or move toward the north; to veer from the east or west toward the north.\n\nNorthward.", "northward": "Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point.\n\nToward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to the east or west point.", "northwards": "Toward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to the east or west point.", "northwest": "The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each; the northwest part or region.\n\n1. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the point between the north and west; being in the northwest; toward the northwest, or coming from the northwest; as, the northwest coast. 2. Coming from the northwest; as, a northwest wind. Northwest passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of America, long sought for by navigators.\n\nToward the northwest.", @@ -52026,15 +45275,8 @@ "northwesterly": "Toward the northwest, or from the northwest.", "northwestern": "Of, pertaining to, or being in, the northwest; in a direction toward the northwest; coming from the northwest; northwesterly; as, a northwestern course.", "northwesters": "A storm or gale from the northwest; a strong northwest wind.", - "northwests": "The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each; the northwest part or region.\n\n1. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the point between the north and west; being in the northwest; toward the northwest, or coming from the northwest; as, the northwest coast. 2. Coming from the northwest; as, a northwest wind. Northwest passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of America, long sought for by navigators.\n\nToward the northwest.", "northwestward": "Toward the northwest.", "northwestwards": "Toward the northwest.", - "norton": null, - "norw": null, - "norway": null, - "norwegian": "Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language.\n\n1. A native of Norway. 2. That branch of the Scandinavian language spoken in Norway.", - "norwegians": "Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language.\n\n1. A native of Norway. 2. That branch of the Scandinavian language spoken in Norway.", - "norwich": null, "nos": "Not any; not one; none. Let there be no strife ... between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8. That goodness is no name, and happiness no dream. Byron. Note: In Old England before a vowel the form non or noon was used. \"No man.\" \"Noon apothercary.\" Chaucer.\n\nNay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another negative, no is emphatic. We do no otherwise than we are willed. Shak. I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or no I dare accept this your congratulation. Coleridge. There is none righteous, no, not one. Rom. iii. 10. No! Nay, Heaven forbid. Coleridge.\n\n1. A refusal by use of the wordd no; a denial. 2. A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; as, to call for the ayes and noes; the noes have it.", "nose": "1. (Anat.) The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory organ. See Nostril, and Olfactory organ under Olfactory. 2. The power of smelling; hence, scent. We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master. Collier. 3. A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a nozzle; a spout; as, the nose of a bellows; the nose of a teakettle. Nose bit (Carp.), a bit similar to a gouge bit, but having a cutting edge on one side of its boring end. -- Nose hammer (Mach.), a frontal hammer. -- Nose hole (Glass Making), a small opening in a furnace, before which a globe of crown glass is held and kept soft at the beginning of the flattening process. -- Nose key (Carp.), a fox wedge. -- Nose leaf (Zoöl.), a thin, broad, membranous fold of skin on the nose of many species of bats. It varies greatly in size and form. -- Nose of wax, fig., a person who is pliant and easily influenced. \"A nose of wax to be turned every way.\" Massinger -- Nose piece, the nozzle of a pipe, hose, bellows, etc.; the end piece of a microscope body, to which an objective is attached. -- To hold, put, or bring one's nose to the grindstone. See under Grindstone. -- To lead by the nose, to lead at pleasure, or to cause to follow submissively; to lead blindly, as a person leads a beast. Shak. -- To put one's nose out of joint, to humiliate one's pride, esp. by supplanting one in the affections of another. [Slang] -- To thrust one's nose into, to meddle officiously in. -- To wipe one's nose of, to deprive of; to rob. [Slang]\n\n1. To smell; to scent; hence, to track, or trace out. 2. To touch with the nose; to push the nose into or against; hence, to interfere with; to treat insolently. Lambs . . . nosing the mother's udder. Tennyson. A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . nosed Parliament in the very seat of its authority. Burke. 3. To utter in a nasal manner; to pronounce with a nasal twang; as, to nose a prayer. [R.] Cowley.\n\n1. To smell; to sniff; to scent. Audubon. 2. To pry officiously into what does not concern one.", "nosebag": "A bag in which feed for a horse, ox, or the like, may be fastened under the nose by a string passing over the head.", @@ -52051,7 +45293,6 @@ "nosegay": "A bunch of odorous and showy flowers; a bouquet; a posy. Pope.", "nosegays": "A bunch of odorous and showy flowers; a bouquet; a posy. Pope.", "noses": "1. (Anat.) The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory organ. See Nostril, and Olfactory organ under Olfactory. 2. The power of smelling; hence, scent. We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master. Collier. 3. A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a nozzle; a spout; as, the nose of a bellows; the nose of a teakettle. Nose bit (Carp.), a bit similar to a gouge bit, but having a cutting edge on one side of its boring end. -- Nose hammer (Mach.), a frontal hammer. -- Nose hole (Glass Making), a small opening in a furnace, before which a globe of crown glass is held and kept soft at the beginning of the flattening process. -- Nose key (Carp.), a fox wedge. -- Nose leaf (Zoöl.), a thin, broad, membranous fold of skin on the nose of many species of bats. It varies greatly in size and form. -- Nose of wax, fig., a person who is pliant and easily influenced. \"A nose of wax to be turned every way.\" Massinger -- Nose piece, the nozzle of a pipe, hose, bellows, etc.; the end piece of a microscope body, to which an objective is attached. -- To hold, put, or bring one's nose to the grindstone. See under Grindstone. -- To lead by the nose, to lead at pleasure, or to cause to follow submissively; to lead blindly, as a person leads a beast. Shak. -- To put one's nose out of joint, to humiliate one's pride, esp. by supplanting one in the affections of another. [Slang] -- To thrust one's nose into, to meddle officiously in. -- To wipe one's nose of, to deprive of; to rob. [Slang]\n\n1. To smell; to scent; hence, to track, or trace out. 2. To touch with the nose; to push the nose into or against; hence, to interfere with; to treat insolently. Lambs . . . nosing the mother's udder. Tennyson. A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . nosed Parliament in the very seat of its authority. Burke. 3. To utter in a nasal manner; to pronounce with a nasal twang; as, to nose a prayer. [R.] Cowley.\n\n1. To smell; to sniff; to scent. Audubon. 2. To pry officiously into what does not concern one.", - "nosferatu": null, "nosh": null, "noshed": null, "nosher": null, @@ -52066,7 +45307,6 @@ "nostalgia": "Homesickness; esp., a severe and sometimes fatal form of melancholia, due to homesickness.", "nostalgic": "Of or pertaining to nostalgia; affected with nostalgia.", "nostalgically": null, - "nostradamus": null, "nostril": "1. (Anat.) One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the anterior nares. Note: In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a spiracle. 2. Perception; insight; acuteness. [Obs.] Methinks a man Of your sagacity and clear nostril should Have made another choice. B. Jonson.", "nostrils": "1. (Anat.) One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the anterior nares. Note: In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a spiracle. 2. Perception; insight; acuteness. [Obs.] Methinks a man Of your sagacity and clear nostril should Have made another choice. B. Jonson.", "nostrum": "1. A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor; a quack medicine. 2. Any scheme or device proposed by a quack. The incentives of agitators, the arts of impostors and the nostrums of quacks. Brougham.", @@ -52136,14 +45376,11 @@ "notoriety": "The quality or condition of being notorious; the state of being generally or publicly known; -- commonly used in an unfavorable sense; as, the notoriety of a crime. They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public notoriety. Addison.", "notorious": "Generally known and talked of by the public; universally believed to be true; manifest to the world; evident; -- usually in an unfavorable sense; as, a notorious thief; a notorious crime or vice. Your goodness, Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. Shak. Syn. -- Distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; celebrated; noted; famous; renowned. -- No*to\"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- No*to\"ri*ous*ness, n.", "notoriously": null, - "nottingham": null, "notwithstanding": "Without prevention, or obstruction from or by; in spite of. We gentil women bee Loth to displease any wight, Notwithstanding our great right. Chaucer's Dream. Those on whom Christ bestowed miraculous cures were so transported that their gratitude made them, notwithstanding his prohibition, proclaim the wonders he had done. Dr. H. More. Note: Notwithstanding was, by Johnson and Webster, viewed as a participle absolute, an English equivalent of the Latin non obstante. Its several meanings, either as preposition, adverb, or conjunction, are capable of being explained in this view. Later grammarians, while admitting that the word was originally a participle, and can be treated as such, prefer to class it as a preposition or disjunctive conjunction. Syn. -- In spite of; despite. -- Notwithstanding, In spite of, Despite. These words and phrases are often interchanged, but there is a difference between them, chiefly in strength. Notwithstanding is the weaker term, and simply points to some obstacle that may exist; as, I shall go, notwithstanding the rain. In spite or despite of has reference primarily to active opposition to be encountered from others; as, \"I'll be, in man's despite, a monarch; \" \"I'll keep mine own, despite of all the world.\" Shak. Hence, these words, when applied to things, suppose greater opposition than notwithstanding. We should say. \"He was thrust rudely out of doors in spite of his entreaties,\" rather than \"notwithstanding\". On the other hand, it would be more civil to say, \"Notwithstanding all you have said, I must still differ with you.\"\n\nNevertheless; however; although; as, I shall go, notwithstanding it rains. I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant. Notwithstanding, in thy days I will not do it. 1 Kings xi. 11, 12. They which honor the law as an image of the wisdom of God himself, are, notwithstanding, to know that the same had an end in Christ. Hooker. You did wisely and honestly too, notwithstanding She is the greatest beauty in the parish. Fielding. Notwithstanding that, notwithstanding; although. These days were ages to him, notwithstanding that he was basking in the smiles of the pretty Mary. W. Irving.", "notwork": null, "notworks": null, - "nouakchott": null, "nougat": "A cake, sweetmeat, or confectión made with almonds or other nuts.", "nougats": "A cake, sweetmeat, or confectión made with almonds or other nuts.", - "noumea": null, "noun": "A word used as the designation or appellation of a creature or thing, existing in fact or in thought; a substantive. Note: By some grammarians the term noun is so used as to include adjectives, as being descriptive; but in general it is limited to substantives.", "nouns": "A word used as the designation or appellation of a creature or thing, existing in fact or in thought; a substantive. Note: By some grammarians the term noun is so used as to include adjectives, as being descriptive; but in general it is limited to substantives.", "nourish": "1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with nutriment. He planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. Is. xliv. 14. 2. To support; to maintain. Whiles I in Ireland nourish a mighty band. Shak. 3. To supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to foster; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues. \"Nourish their contentions.\" Hooker. 4. To cherish; to comfort. Ye have nourished your hearts. James v. 5. 5. To educate; to instruct; to bring up; to nurture; to promote the growth of in attainments. Chaucer. Nourished up in the words of faith. 1 Tim. iv. 6. Syn. -- To cherish; feed; supply. See Nurture.\n\n1. To promote growth; to furnish nutriment. Grains and roots nourish more than their leaves. Bacon. 2. To gain nourishment. [R.] Bacon.\n\nA nurse. [Obs.] Hoolland.", @@ -52152,10 +45389,8 @@ "nourishing": "Promoting growth; nutritious,", "nourishment": "1. The act of nourishing, or the state of being nourished; nutrition. 2. That which serves to nourish; nutriment; food. Learn to seek the nourishment of their souls. Hooker.", "nous": "Intellect; understanding; talent; -- used humorously.", - "nov": null, "nova": "A new star, usually appearing suddenly, shining for a brief period, and then sinking into obscurity. Such appearances are supposed to result from cosmic collisions, as of a dark star with interstellar nebulosities. The most important modern novæ are: -- No\"va Co*ro\"næ Bo`re*a\"lis [1866]; No\"va Cyg\"ni [1876]; No\"va An*dro\"me*dæ [1885]; No\"va Au*ri\"gæ [1891-92]; No\"va Per\"se*i [1901]. There are two novæ called Nova Persei. They are: (a) A small nova which appeared in 1881. (b) An extraordinary nova which appeared in Perseus in 1901. It was first sighted on February 22, and for one night (February 23) was the brightest star in the sky. By July it had almost disappeared, after which faint surrounding nebulous masses were discovered, apparently moving radially outward from the star at incredible velocity.", "novae": null, - "novartis": null, "novas": "A new star, usually appearing suddenly, shining for a brief period, and then sinking into obscurity. Such appearances are supposed to result from cosmic collisions, as of a dark star with interstellar nebulosities. The most important modern novæ are: -- No\"va Co*ro\"næ Bo`re*a\"lis [1866]; No\"va Cyg\"ni [1876]; No\"va An*dro\"me*dæ [1885]; No\"va Au*ri\"gæ [1891-92]; No\"va Per\"se*i [1901]. There are two novæ called Nova Persei. They are: (a) A small nova which appeared in 1881. (b) An extraordinary nova which appeared in Perseus in 1901. It was first sighted on February 22, and for one night (February 23) was the brightest star in the sky. By July it had almost disappeared, after which faint surrounding nebulous masses were discovered, apparently moving radially outward from the star at incredible velocity.", "novel": "Of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; new; hence, out of the ordinary course; unusual; strange; surprising. Note: In civil law, the novel or new constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors. Novel assignment (Law), a new assignment or specification of a suit. Syn. -- New; recent; modern; fresh; strange; uncommon; rare; unusual. -- Novel, New . Everything at its first occurrence is new; that is novel which is so much out of the ordinary course as to strike us with surprise. That is a new sight which is beheld for the first time; that is a novel sight which either was never seen before or is seen but seldom. We have daily new inventions, but a novel one supposes some very peculiar means of attaining its end. Novel theories are regarded with distrust, as likely to prove more ingenious than sound.\n\n1. That which is new or unusual; a novelty. 2. pl. News; fresh tidings. [Obs.] Some came of curiosity to hear some novels. Latimer. 3. A fictitious tale or narrative, professing to be conformed to real life; esp., one intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love. Dryden. 4. Etym: [L. novellae (sc. constitutiones): cf. F. novelles.] (Law) A new or supplemental constitution. See the Note under Novel, a.", "novelette": "A short novel.", @@ -52173,21 +45408,13 @@ "novels": "Of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; new; hence, out of the ordinary course; unusual; strange; surprising. Note: In civil law, the novel or new constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors. Novel assignment (Law), a new assignment or specification of a suit. Syn. -- New; recent; modern; fresh; strange; uncommon; rare; unusual. -- Novel, New . Everything at its first occurrence is new; that is novel which is so much out of the ordinary course as to strike us with surprise. That is a new sight which is beheld for the first time; that is a novel sight which either was never seen before or is seen but seldom. We have daily new inventions, but a novel one supposes some very peculiar means of attaining its end. Novel theories are regarded with distrust, as likely to prove more ingenious than sound.\n\n1. That which is new or unusual; a novelty. 2. pl. News; fresh tidings. [Obs.] Some came of curiosity to hear some novels. Latimer. 3. A fictitious tale or narrative, professing to be conformed to real life; esp., one intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love. Dryden. 4. Etym: [L. novellae (sc. constitutiones): cf. F. novelles.] (Law) A new or supplemental constitution. See the Note under Novel, a.", "novelties": null, "novelty": "1. The quality or state of being novel; newness; freshness; recentness of origin or introduction. Novelty is the great parent of pleasure. South. 2. Something novel; a new or strange thing.", - "november": "The eleventh month of the year, containing thirty days.", - "novembers": "The eleventh month of the year, containing thirty days.", "novena": null, "novenas": null, "novene": "Relating to, or dependent on, the number nine; novenary. [R.] The triple and novene division ran throughout. Milman.", - "novgorod": null, "novice": "1. One who is new in any business, profession, or calling; one unacquainted or unskilled; one yet in the rudiments; a beginner; a tyro. I am young; a novice in the trade. Dryden. 2. One newly received into the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith. 1 Tim. iii. 6. 3. (Eccl.) One who enters a religious house, whether of monks or nuns, as a probationist. Shipley. No poore cloisterer, nor no novys. Chaucer.\n\nLike a novice; becoming a novice. [Obs.]", "novices": "1. One who is new in any business, profession, or calling; one unacquainted or unskilled; one yet in the rudiments; a beginner; a tyro. I am young; a novice in the trade. Dryden. 2. One newly received into the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith. 1 Tim. iii. 6. 3. (Eccl.) One who enters a religious house, whether of monks or nuns, as a probationist. Shipley. No poore cloisterer, nor no novys. Chaucer.\n\nLike a novice; becoming a novice. [Obs.]", "novitiate": "1. The state of being a novice; time of initiation or instruction in rudiments. 2. Hence: Time of probation in a religious house before taking the vows. 3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a novice. Addison. 4. The place where novices live or are trained. [R.]", "novitiates": "1. The state of being a novice; time of initiation or instruction in rudiments. 2. Hence: Time of probation in a religious house before taking the vows. 3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a novice. Addison. 4. The place where novices live or are trained. [R.]", - "novocain": null, - "novocaine": null, - "novocains": null, - "novokuznetsk": null, - "novosibirsk": null, "now": "1. At the present time; at this moment; at the time of speaking; instantly; as, I will write now. I have a patient now living, at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago. Arbuthnot. 2. Very lately; not long ago. They that but now, for honor and for plate, Made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate. Waller. 3. At a time contemporaneous with something spoken of or contemplated; at a particular time referred to. The ship was now in the midst of the sea. Matt. xiv. 24. 4. In present circumstances; things being as they are; -- hence, used as a connective particle, to introduce an inference or an explanation. How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of honor L'Estrange. Why should he live, now nature bankrupt is Shak. Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now, Barabbas was a robber. John xviii. 40. The other great and undoing mischief which befalls men is, by their being misrepresented. Now, by calling evil good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way of slander. South. Now and again, now and then; occasionally. -- Now and now, again and again; repeatedly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Now and then, at one time and another; indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals. \"A mead here, there a heath, and now and then a wood.\" Drayton. -- Now now, at this very instant; precisely now. [Obs.] \"Why, even now now, at holding up of this finger, and before the turning down of this.\" J. Webster (1607). -- Now . . . now, alternately; at one time . . . at another time. \"Now high, now low, now master up, now miss.\" Pope.\n\nExisting at the present time; present. [R.] \"Our now happiness.\" Glanvill.\n\nThe present time or moment; the present. Nothing is there to come, and nothing past; But an eternal now does ever last. Cowley.", "nowadays": "In these days; at the present time. What men of spirit, nowadays, Come to give sober judgment of new plays Garrick.", "noway": "In no manner or degree; not at all; nowise. But Ireland will noways allow that name unto it. Fuller.", @@ -52196,22 +45423,8 @@ "nowise": "Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways. Others whose case is nowise different. Earle.", "nowt": "Neat cattle.", "noxious": "1. Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; injurious; destructive; unwholesome; insalubrious; as, noxious air, food, or climate; pernicious; corrupting to morals; as, noxious practices or examples. Too frequent an appearance in places of public resort is noxious to spiritual promotions. Swift. 2. Guilty; criminal. [R.] Those who are noxious in the eye of the law. Abp. Bramhall. Syn. -- Noisome; hurtful; harmful; injurious; destructive; pernicious; mischievous; corrupting; baneful; unwholesome; insalubrious. See Noisome. -- Nox\"ious*ly, adv. -- Nox\"ious*ness, n.", - "noxzema": null, - "noyce": null, - "noyes": null, "nozzle": "1. The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; as, the nozzle of a bellows. 2. Specifically: (a) A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe. (b) A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.", "nozzles": "1. The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; as, the nozzle of a bellows. 2. Specifically: (a) A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe. (b) A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.", - "np": null, - "npr": null, - "nr": null, - "nra": null, - "nrc": null, - "ns": "N, the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the dentinasal or linguanasal consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard in ran, done; but when immediately followed in the same word by the sound of g hard or k (as in single, sink, conquer), it usually represents the same sound as the digraph ng in sing, bring, etc. This is a simple but related sound, and is called the gutturo-nasal consonent. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 243-246. The letter N came into English through the Latin and Greek from the Phoenician, which probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is etymologically most closely related to M. See M.\n\nA measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en.", - "nsa": null, - "nsc": null, - "nsf": null, - "nsfw": null, - "nt": null, "nth": null, "nu": null, "nuance": "A shade of difference; a delicate gradation.", @@ -52223,8 +45436,6 @@ "nubbin": "A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Colloq. U. S.]", "nubbins": "A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Colloq. U. S.]", "nubby": null, - "nubia": "A light fabric of wool, worn on the head by women; a cloud.", - "nubian": "Of or pertaining to Nubia in Eastern Africa. -- n. A native of Nubia.", "nubile": "Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable. Prior.", "nubs": "To push; to nudge; also, to beckon. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA jag, or snag; a knob; a protuberance; also, the point or gist, as of a story. [Colloq.]", "nuclear": "Of or pertaining to a nucleus; as, the nuclear spindle (see Illust. of Karyokinesis) or the nuclear fibrils of a cell; the nuclear part of a comet, etc.", @@ -52263,7 +45474,6 @@ "nuked": null, "nukes": null, "nuking": null, - "nukualofa": null, "null": "Of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid; void; nugatory; useless. Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection; no more. Tennyson.\n\n1. Something that has no force or meaning. 2. That which has no value; a cipher; zero. Bacon. Null method (Physics.), a zero method. See under Zero.\n\nTo annul. [Obs.] Milton.\n\nOne of the beads in nulled work.", "nullification": "The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no legal effect. Right of nullification (U. S. Hist.), the right claimed in behalf of a State to nullify or make void, by its sovereign act or decree, an enactment of the general government which it deems unconstitutional.", "nullified": null, @@ -52312,18 +45522,13 @@ "numskull": "A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow. [Colloq.] They have talked like numskulls. Arbuthnot.", "numskulls": "A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow. [Colloq.] They have talked like numskulls. Arbuthnot.", "nun": "1. A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a convent, under the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. They holy time is quiet as a nun Breathless with adoration. Wordsworth. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A white variety of domestic pigeons having a veil of feathers covering the head. (b) The smew. (c) The European blue titmouse. Gray nuns (R. C. Ch.), the members of a religious order established in Montreal in 1745, whence branches were introduced into the United States in 1853; -- so called from the color or their robe, and known in religion as Sisters of Charity of Montreal. -- Nun buoy. See under Buoy.", - "nunavut": null, "nuncio": "1. A messenger. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The permanent official representative of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government. Distinguished from a legate a latere, whose mission is temporary in its nature, or for some special purpose. Nuncios are of higher rank than internuncios.", "nuncios": "1. A messenger. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The permanent official representative of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government. Distinguished from a legate a latere, whose mission is temporary in its nature, or for some special purpose. Nuncios are of higher rank than internuncios.", - "nunez": null, - "nunki": null, "nunneries": null, "nunnery": "A house in which nuns reside; a cloister or convent in which women reside for life, under religious vows. See Cloister, and Convent.", "nuns": "1. A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a convent, under the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. They holy time is quiet as a nun Breathless with adoration. Wordsworth. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A white variety of domestic pigeons having a veil of feathers covering the head. (b) The smew. (c) The European blue titmouse. Gray nuns (R. C. Ch.), the members of a religious order established in Montreal in 1745, whence branches were introduced into the United States in 1853; -- so called from the color or their robe, and known in religion as Sisters of Charity of Montreal. -- Nun buoy. See under Buoy.", "nuptial": "Of or pertaining to marriage; done or used at a wedding; as, nuptial rites and ceremonies. Then, all in heat, They light the nuptial torch. Milton.\n\nMarriage; wedding; nuptial ceremony; -- now only in the plural. Celebration of that nuptial, which We two have sworn shall come. Shak. Preparations . . . for the approaching nuptials. Prescott.", "nuptials": "Of or pertaining to marriage; done or used at a wedding; as, nuptial rites and ceremonies. Then, all in heat, They light the nuptial torch. Milton.\n\nMarriage; wedding; nuptial ceremony; -- now only in the plural. Celebration of that nuptial, which We two have sworn shall come. Shak. Preparations . . . for the approaching nuptials. Prescott.", - "nuremberg": null, - "nureyev": null, "nurse": "1. One who nourishes; a person who supplies food, tends, or brings up; as: (a) A woman who has the care of young children; especially, one who suckles an infant not her own. (b) A person, especially a woman, who has the care of the sick or infirm. 2. One who, or that which, brings up, rears, causes to grow, trains, fosters, or the like. The nurse of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise. Burke. 3. (Naut.) A lieutenant or first officer, who is the real commander when the captain is unfit for his place. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) A peculiar larva of certain trematodes which produces cercariæ by asexual reproduction. See Cercaria, and Redia. (b) Either one of the nurse sharks. Nurse shark. (Zoöl.) (a) A large arctic shark (Somniosus microcephalus), having small teeth and feeble jaws; -- called also sleeper shark, and ground shark. (b) A large shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), native of the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, having the dorsal fins situated behind the ventral fins. -- To put to nurse, or To put out to nurse, to send away to be nursed; to place in the care of a nurse. -- Wet nurse, Dry nurse. See Wet nurse, and Dry nurse, in the Vocabulary.\n\n1. To nourish; to cherish; to foster; as: (a) To nourish at the breast; to suckle; to feed and tend, as an infant. (b) To take care of or tend, as a sick person or an invalid; to attend upon. Sons wont to nurse their parents in old age. Milton. Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore, And nursed his youth along the marshy shore. Dryden. 2. To bring up; to raise, by care, from a weak or invalid condition; to foster; to cherish; -- applied to plants, animals, and to any object that needs, or thrives by, attention. \"To nurse the saplings tall.\" Milton. By what hands [has vice] been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion Locke. 3. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; as, to nurse our national resources. 4. To caress; to fondle, as a nurse does. A. Trollope. To nurse billiard balls, to strike them gently and so as to keep them in good position during a series of caroms.", "nursed": null, "nurselings": null, @@ -52361,7 +45566,6 @@ "nutmegs": "The kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans), a native of the Molucca Islands, but cultivated elsewhere in the tropics. Note: This fruit is a nearly spherical drupe, of the size of a pear, of a yellowish color without and almost white within. This opens into two nearly equal longitudinal valves, inclosing the nut surrounded by its aril, which is mace The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to the taste and smell, and much used in cookery. Other species of Myristica yield nutmegs of inferior quality. American, Calabash, or Jamaica, nutmeg, the fruit of a tropical shrub (Monodora Myristica). It is about the size of an orange, and contains many aromatic seeds imbedded in pulp. -- Brazilian nutmeg, the fruit of a lauraceous tree, Cryptocarya moschata. -- California nutmeg, tree of the Yew family (Torreya Californica), growing in the Western United States, and having a seed which resembles a nutmeg in appearance, but is strongly impregnated with turpentine. -- Clove nutmeg, the Ravensara aromatica, a laura ceous tree of Madagascar. The foliage is used as a spice, but the seed is acrid and caustic. -- Jamaica nutmeg. See American nutmeg (above). -- Nutmeg bird (Zoöl.), an Indian finch (Munia punctularia). -- Nutmeg butter, a solid oil extracted from the nutmeg by expression. -- Nutmeg flower (Bot.), a ranunculaceous herb (Nigella sativa) with small black aromatic seeds, which are used medicinally and for excluding moths from furs and clothing. -- Nutmeg liver (Med.), a name applied to the liver, when, as the result of heart or lung disease, it undergoes congestion and pigmentation about the central veins of its lobules, giving it an appearance resembling that of a nutmeg. -- Nutmeg melon (Bot.), a small variety of muskmelon of a rich flavor. -- Nutmeg pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of several species of pigeons of the genus Myristicivora, native of the East Indies and Australia. The color is usually white, or cream-white, with black on the wings and tail. -- Nutmeg wood (Bot.), the wood of the Palmyra palm. -- Peruvian nutmeg, the aromatic seed of a South American tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), a spicy tree of Australia (Atherosperma moschata).", "nutpick": null, "nutpicks": null, - "nutrasweet": null, "nutria": "The fur of the coypu. See Coypu.", "nutrias": "The fur of the coypu. See Coypu.", "nutrient": "Nutritious; nourishing; promoting growth. -- n. Any substance which has nutritious qualities, i. e., which nourishes or promotes growth.", @@ -52394,16 +45598,8 @@ "nuzzlers": null, "nuzzles": "1. To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up. [Obs.] The people had been nuzzled in idolatry. Milton. 2. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of nestle. Cf. Nustle.] To nestle; to house, as in a nest.\n\n1. To work with the nose, like a swine in the mud. And nuzzling in his flank, the loving swine Sheathed, unaware, the tusk in his soft groin. Shak. He charged through an army of lawyers, sometimes . . . nuzzling like an eel in the mud. Arbuthnot. 2. To go with head poised like a swine, with nose down. Sir Roger shook his ears, and nuzzled along. Arbuthnot. 3. Etym: [Cf. Nuzzle, v. t., 2.] To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom; to nestle. 4. To loiter; to idle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "nuzzling": null, - "nv": null, - "nvidia": null, - "nw": null, - "nwt": null, - "ny": "Not I; nor I. [Obs.]\n\nNigh. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "nyasa": null, "nybble": null, "nybbles": null, - "nyc": null, - "nyerere": null, "nylon": null, "nylons": null, "nymph": "1. (Class. Myth.) A goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters. Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas Milton. 2. Hence: A lovely young girl; a maiden; a damsel. Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remembered. Shak. 3. (Zoöl.) The pupa of an insect; a chrysalis. 4. (Zoöl.) Any one of a subfamily (Najades) of butterflies including the purples, the fritillaries, the peacock butterfly, etc.; -- called also naiad.", @@ -52415,20 +45611,14 @@ "nymphomaniacs": null, "nymphos": null, "nymphs": "1. (Class. Myth.) A goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters. Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas Milton. 2. Hence: A lovely young girl; a maiden; a damsel. Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remembered. Shak. 3. (Zoöl.) The pupa of an insect; a chrysalis. 4. (Zoöl.) Any one of a subfamily (Najades) of butterflies including the purples, the fritillaries, the peacock butterfly, etc.; -- called also naiad.", - "nyquil": null, - "nyse": null, - "nz": null, "o": "1. O, the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, derives its form, value, and name from the Greek O, through the Latin. The letter came into the Greek from the Phoenician, which possibly derived it ultimately from the Egyptian. Etymologically, the letter o is most closely related to a, e, and u; as in E. bone, AS. ban; E. stone, AS. stan; E. broke, AS. brecan to break; E. bore, AS. beran to bear; E. dove, AS. dufe; E. toft, tuft; tone, tune; number, F. nombre. The letter o has several vowel sounds, the principal of which are its long sound, as in bone, its short sound, as in nod, and the sounds heard in the words orb, son, do (feod), and wolf (book). In connection with the other vowels it forms several digraphs and diphthongs. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 107-129. 2. Among the ancients, O was a mark of triple time, from the notion that the ternary, or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure. O was also anciently used to represent 11: with a dash over it (O O, n.; pl. O's or Oes (. 1. The letter O, or its sound. \"Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes.\" Tennyson. 2. Something shaped like the letter O; a circle or oval. \"This wooden O [Globe Theater]\". Shak. 3. A cipher; zero. [R.] Thou art an O without a figure. Shak. O' O', Etym: [Ir. of a descendant.] A prefix to Irish family names, which signifies grandson or descendant of, and is a character of dignity; as, O'Neil, O'Carrol. O' O', prep. A shortened form of of or on. \"At the turning o' the tide.\" Shak.\n\nOne. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"Alle thre but o God.\" Piers Plowman.\n\nAn exclamation used in calling or directly addressing a person or personified object; also, as an emotional or impassioned exclamation expressing pain, grief, surprise, desire, fear, etc. For ever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven. Ps. cxix. 89. O how love I thy law ! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97. Note: O is frequently followed by an ellipsis and that, an in expressing a wish: \"O [I wish] that Ishmael might live before thee !\" Gen. xvii. 18; or in expressions of surprise, indignation, or regret: \"O [it is sad] that such eyes should e'er meet other object !\" Sheridan Knowles. Note: A distinction between the use of O and oh is insisted upon by some, namely, that O should be used only in direct address to a person or personified object, and should never be followed by the exclamation point, while Oh (or oh) should be used in exclamations where no direct appeal or address to an object is made, and may be followed by the exclamation point or not, according to the nature or construction of the sentence. Some insist that oh should be used only as an interjection expressing strong feeling. The form O, however, is, it seems, the one most commonly employed for both uses by modern writers and correctors for the press. \"O, I am slain !\" Shak. \"O what a fair and ministering angel !\" \"O sweet angel !\" Longfellow. O for a kindling touch from that pure flame ! Wordsworth. But she is in her grave, -- and oh The difference to me ! Wordsworth. Oh for a lodge in some vast wilderness ! Cowper. We should distinguish between the sign of the vocative and the emotional interjection, writing O for the former, and oh for the latter. Earle. O dear, and O dear me! Etym: [corrupted fr. F. O Dieu! or It. O Dio! O God! O Dio mio! O my God! Wyman], exclamations expressive of various emotions, but usually promoted by surprise, consternation, grief, pain, etc.", "oaf": "Originally, an elf's child; a changeling left by fairies or goblins; hence, a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an idiot.", "oafish": "Like an oaf; simple. -- Oaf\"ish*ness, n.", "oafishly": null, "oafishness": null, "oafs": "Originally, an elf's child; a changeling left by fairies or goblins; hence, a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an idiot.", - "oahu": null, "oak": "1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an acorn, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the silver grain. 2. The strong wood or timber of the oak. Note: Among the true oaks in America are: Barren oak, or Black-jack, Q. nigra. -- Basket oak, Q. Michauxii. -- Black oak, Q. tinctoria: -- called also yellow or quercitron oak. -- Bur oak (see under Bur.), Q. macrocarpa; -- called also over-cup or mossy-cup oak. -- Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus and Q. densiflora. -- Chinquapin oak (see under Chinquapin), Q. prinoides. -- Coast live oak, Q. agrifolia, of California; -- also called enceno. -- Live oak (see under Live), Q. virens, the best of all for shipbuilding; also, Q. Chrysolepis, of California. -- Pin oak. Same as Swamp oak. -- Post oak, Q. obtusifolia. -- Red oak, Q. rubra. -- Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea. -- Scrub oak, Q. ilicifolia, Q. undulata, etc. -- Shingle oak, Q. imbricaria. -- Spanish oak, Q. falcata. -- Swamp Spanish oak, or Pin oak, Q. palustris. -- Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor. -- Water oak, Q. aguatica. -- Water white oak, Q. lyrata. -- Willow oak, Q. Phellos. Among the true oaks in Europe are: Bitter oak, or Turkey oak, Q. Cerris (see Cerris). -- Cork oak, Q. Suber. -- English white oak, Q. Robur. -- Evergreen oak, Holly oak, or Holm oak, Q. Ilex. -- Kermes oak, Q. coccifera. -- Nutgall oak, Q. infectoria. Note: Among plants called oak, but not of the genus Quercus, are: African oak, a valuable timber tree (Oldfieldia Africana). -- Australian, or She, oak, any tree of the genus Casuarina (see Casuarina). -- Indian oak, the teak tree (see Teak). -- Jerusalem oak. See under Jerusalem. -- New Zealand oak, a sapindaceous tree (Alectryon excelsum). -- Poison oak, the poison ivy. See under Poison. -- Silky, or Silk-bark, oak, an Australian tree (Grevillea robusta). Green oak, oak wood colored green by the growth of the mycelium of certain fungi. -- Oak apple, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly (Cynips confluens). It is green and pulpy when young. -- Oak beauty (Zoöl.), a British geometrid moth (Biston prodromaria) whose larva feeds on the oak. -- Oak gall, a gall found on the oak. See 2d Gall. -- Oak leather (Bot.), the mycelium of a fungus which forms leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood. -- Oak pruner. (Zoöl.) See Pruner, the insect. -- Oak spangle, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect Diplolepis lenticularis. -- Oak wart, a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak. -- The Oaks, one of the three great annual English horse races (the Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was instituted in 1779 by the Earl of Derby, and so called from his estate. -- To sport one's oak, to be \"not at home to visitors,\" signified by closing the outer (oaken) door of one's rooms. [Cant, Eng. Univ.]", "oaken": "Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks. \"In oaken bower.\" Milton. Oaken timber, wherewith to build ships. Bacon.", - "oakland": null, - "oakley": null, "oaks": "1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an acorn, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the silver grain. 2. The strong wood or timber of the oak. Note: Among the true oaks in America are: Barren oak, or Black-jack, Q. nigra. -- Basket oak, Q. Michauxii. -- Black oak, Q. tinctoria: -- called also yellow or quercitron oak. -- Bur oak (see under Bur.), Q. macrocarpa; -- called also over-cup or mossy-cup oak. -- Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus and Q. densiflora. -- Chinquapin oak (see under Chinquapin), Q. prinoides. -- Coast live oak, Q. agrifolia, of California; -- also called enceno. -- Live oak (see under Live), Q. virens, the best of all for shipbuilding; also, Q. Chrysolepis, of California. -- Pin oak. Same as Swamp oak. -- Post oak, Q. obtusifolia. -- Red oak, Q. rubra. -- Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea. -- Scrub oak, Q. ilicifolia, Q. undulata, etc. -- Shingle oak, Q. imbricaria. -- Spanish oak, Q. falcata. -- Swamp Spanish oak, or Pin oak, Q. palustris. -- Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor. -- Water oak, Q. aguatica. -- Water white oak, Q. lyrata. -- Willow oak, Q. Phellos. Among the true oaks in Europe are: Bitter oak, or Turkey oak, Q. Cerris (see Cerris). -- Cork oak, Q. Suber. -- English white oak, Q. Robur. -- Evergreen oak, Holly oak, or Holm oak, Q. Ilex. -- Kermes oak, Q. coccifera. -- Nutgall oak, Q. infectoria. Note: Among plants called oak, but not of the genus Quercus, are: African oak, a valuable timber tree (Oldfieldia Africana). -- Australian, or She, oak, any tree of the genus Casuarina (see Casuarina). -- Indian oak, the teak tree (see Teak). -- Jerusalem oak. See under Jerusalem. -- New Zealand oak, a sapindaceous tree (Alectryon excelsum). -- Poison oak, the poison ivy. See under Poison. -- Silky, or Silk-bark, oak, an Australian tree (Grevillea robusta). Green oak, oak wood colored green by the growth of the mycelium of certain fungi. -- Oak apple, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly (Cynips confluens). It is green and pulpy when young. -- Oak beauty (Zoöl.), a British geometrid moth (Biston prodromaria) whose larva feeds on the oak. -- Oak gall, a gall found on the oak. See 2d Gall. -- Oak leather (Bot.), the mycelium of a fungus which forms leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood. -- Oak pruner. (Zoöl.) See Pruner, the insect. -- Oak spangle, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect Diplolepis lenticularis. -- Oak wart, a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak. -- The Oaks, one of the three great annual English horse races (the Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was instituted in 1779 by the Earl of Derby, and so called from his estate. -- To sport one's oak, to be \"not at home to visitors,\" signified by closing the outer (oaken) door of one's rooms. [Cant, Eng. Univ.]", "oakum": "1. The material obtained by untwisting and picking into loose fiber old hemp ropes; -- used for calking the seams of ships, stopping leaks, etc. 2. The coarse portion separated from flax or hemp in nackling. Knight. White oakum, that made from untarred rope.", "oar": "1. An implement for impelling a boat, being a slender piece of timber, usually ash or spruce, with a grip or handle at one end and a broad blade at the other. The part which rests in the rowlock is called the loom. Note: An oar is a kind of long paddle, which swings about a kind of fulcrum, called a rowlock, fixed to the side of the boat. 2. An oarsman; a rower; as, he is a good car. 3. (Zoöl.) An oarlike swimming organ of various invertebrates. Oar cock (Zoöl), the water rail. [Prov. Eng.] -- Spoon oar, an oar having the blade so curved as to afford a better hold upon the water in rowing. -- To boat the oars, to cease rowing, and lay the oars in the boat. -- To feather the oars. See under Feather., v. t. -- To lie on the oars, to cease pulling, raising the oars out of water, but not boating them; to cease from work of any kind; to be idle; to rest. -- To muffle the oars, to put something round that part which rests in the rowlock, to prevent noise in rowing. -- To put in one's oar, to give aid or advice; -- commonly used of a person who obtrudes aid or counsel not invited. -- To ship the oars, to place them in the rowlocks. -- To toss the oars, To peak the oars, to lift them from the rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the bottom of the boat. -- To trail oars, to allow them to trail in the water alongside of the boat. -- To unship the oars, to take them out of the rowlocks.\n\nTo row. \"Oared himself.\" Shak. Oared with laboring arms. Pope.", @@ -52441,23 +45631,17 @@ "oarsmen": null, "oarswoman": null, "oarswomen": null, - "oas": null, "oases": null, "oasis": "A fertile or green spot in a waste or desert, esp. in a sandy desert. My one oasis in the dust and drouth Of city life. Tennyson.", "oat": null, "oatcake": "A cake made of oatmeal.", "oatcakes": "A cake made of oatmeal.", "oaten": "1. Consisting of an oat straw or stem; as, an oaten pipe. Milton. 2. Made of oatmeal; as, oaten cakes.", - "oates": null, "oath": "1. A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. \"I have an oath in heaven\" Shak. An oath of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we think fit to keep secret. Bacon. 2. A solemn affirmation, connected with a sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the temple, the altar, the blood of Abel, the Bible, the Koran, etc. 3. (Law) An appeal (in verification of a statement made) to a superior sanction, in such a form as exposes the party making the appeal to an indictment for perjury if the statement be false. 4. A careless and blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or anything divine or sacred, by way of appeal or as a profane exclamation or ejaculation; an expression of profane swearing. \"A terrible oath\" Shak.", "oaths": "1. A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. \"I have an oath in heaven\" Shak. An oath of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we think fit to keep secret. Bacon. 2. A solemn affirmation, connected with a sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the temple, the altar, the blood of Abel, the Bible, the Koran, etc. 3. (Law) An appeal (in verification of a statement made) to a superior sanction, in such a form as exposes the party making the appeal to an indictment for perjury if the statement be false. 4. A careless and blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or anything divine or sacred, by way of appeal or as a profane exclamation or ejaculation; an expression of profane swearing. \"A terrible oath\" Shak.", "oatmeal": "1. Meal made of oats. Gay. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass.", "oats": null, - "oaxaca": null, "ob": null, - "obadiah": null, - "obama": null, - "obamacare": null, "obbligato": null, "obbligatos": null, "obduracy": "The duality or state of being obdurate; invincible hardness of heart; obstinacy. \"Obduracy and persistency.\" Shak. The absolute completion of sin in final obduracy. South.", @@ -52472,8 +45656,6 @@ "obeisant": "Ready to obey; reverent; differential; also, servilely submissive.", "obelisk": "1. An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and terminating in a pyramid called pyramidion. It is ordinarily monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic writing from top to bottom. 2. (Print.) A mark of reference; -- called also dagger [&dag;]. See Dagger, n., 2.\n\nTo mark or designate with an obelisk.", "obelisks": "1. An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and terminating in a pyramid called pyramidion. It is ordinarily monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic writing from top to bottom. 2. (Print.) A mark of reference; -- called also dagger [&dag;]. See Dagger, n., 2.\n\nTo mark or designate with an obelisk.", - "oberlin": null, - "oberon": "The king of the fairies, and husband of Titania or Queen Mab. Shak.", "obese": "Excessively corpulent; fat; fleshy.", "obesity": "The state or quality of being obese; incumbrance of flesh.", "obey": "1. To give ear to; to execute the commands of; to yield submission to; to comply with the orders of. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1. Was she the God, that her thou didst obey Milton. 2. To submit to the authority of; to be ruled by. My will obeyed his will. Chaucer. Afric and India shall his power obey. Dryden. 3. To yield to the impulse, power, or operation of; as, a ship obeys her helm.\n\nTo give obedience. Will he obey when one commands Tennyson. Note: By some old writers obey was used, as in the French idiom, with the preposition to. His servants ye are, to whom ye obey. Rom. vi. 16. He commanded the trumpets to sound: to which the two brave knights obeying, they performed their courses. Sir. P. Sidney.", @@ -52677,18 +45859,14 @@ "obvious": "1. Opposing; fronting. [Obs.] To the evil turn My obvious breast. Milton. 2. Exposed; subject; open; liable. [Obs.] \"Obvious to dispute.\" Milton. 3. Easily discovered, seen, or understood; readily perceived by the eye or the intellect; plain; evident; apparent; as, an obvious meaning; an obvious remark. Apart and easy to be known they lie, Amidst the heap, and obvious to the eye. Pope. Syn. -- Plain; clear; evident. See Manifest. -- Ob\"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob\"vi*ous-ness, n.", "obviously": null, "obviousness": null, - "ocala": null, - "ocaml": null, "ocarina": "A kind of small simple wind instrument.", "ocarinas": "A kind of small simple wind instrument.", - "occam": null, "occasion": "1. A falling out, happening, or coming to pass; hence, that which falls out or happens; occurrence; incident. The unlooked-for incidents of family history, and its hidden excitements, and its arduous occasions. I. Taylor. 2. A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance; convenience. Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me. Rom. vii. 11. I'll take the occasion which he gives to bring Him to his death. Waller. 3. An occurrence or condition of affairs which brings with it some unlooked-for event; that which incidentally brings to pass an event, without being its efficient cause or sufficient reason; accidental or incidental cause. Her beauty was the occasion of the war. Dryden. 4. Need; exigency; requirement; necessity; as, I have no occasion for firearms. After we have served ourselves and our own occasions. Jer. Taylor. When my occasions took me into France. Burke. 5. A reason or excuse; a motive; a persuasion. Whose manner was, all passengers to stay, And entertain with her occasions sly. Spenser. On occasion, in case of need; in necessity; as convenience requires; occasionally. \"That we might have intelligence from him on occasion,\" De Foe. Syn. -- Need; incident; use. See Opportunity.\n\nTo give occasion to; to cause; to produce; to induce; as, to occasion anxiety. South. If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes. Locke.", "occasional": "1. Of or pertaining to an occasion or to occasions; occuring at times, but not constant, regular, or systematic; made or happening as opportunity requires or admits; casual; incidental; as, occasional remarks, or efforts. The... occasional writing of the present times. Bagehot. 2. Produced by accident; as, the occasional origin of a thing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Occasional cause (Metaph.), some circumstance preceding an effect which, without being the real cause, becomes the occasion of the action of the efficient cause; thus, the act of touching gunpowder with fire is the occasional, but not the efficient, cause of an explosion.", "occasionally": "In an occasional manner; on occasion; at times, as convenience requires or opportunity offers; not regularly. Stewart. The one, Wolsey, directly his subject by birth; the other, his subject occasionally by his preferment. Fuller.", "occasioned": null, "occasioning": null, "occasions": "1. A falling out, happening, or coming to pass; hence, that which falls out or happens; occurrence; incident. The unlooked-for incidents of family history, and its hidden excitements, and its arduous occasions. I. Taylor. 2. A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance; convenience. Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me. Rom. vii. 11. I'll take the occasion which he gives to bring Him to his death. Waller. 3. An occurrence or condition of affairs which brings with it some unlooked-for event; that which incidentally brings to pass an event, without being its efficient cause or sufficient reason; accidental or incidental cause. Her beauty was the occasion of the war. Dryden. 4. Need; exigency; requirement; necessity; as, I have no occasion for firearms. After we have served ourselves and our own occasions. Jer. Taylor. When my occasions took me into France. Burke. 5. A reason or excuse; a motive; a persuasion. Whose manner was, all passengers to stay, And entertain with her occasions sly. Spenser. On occasion, in case of need; in necessity; as convenience requires; occasionally. \"That we might have intelligence from him on occasion,\" De Foe. Syn. -- Need; incident; use. See Opportunity.\n\nTo give occasion to; to cause; to produce; to induce; as, to occasion anxiety. South. If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes. Locke.", - "occident": "The part of the horizon where the sun last appears in the evening; that part of the earth towards the sunset; the west; -- opposed to orient. Specifically, in former times, Europe as opposed to Asia; now, also, the Western hemisphere. Chaucer. I may wander from east to occident. Shak.", "occidental": "1. Of, pertaining to, or situated in, the occident, or west; western; -- opposed to oriental; as, occidental climates, or customs; an occidental planet. 2. Possessing inferior hardness, brilliancy, or beauty; -- used of inferior precious stones and gems, because those found in the Orient are generally superior.", "occidentals": "Western Christians of the Latin rite. See Orientals. Shipley.", "occlude": "1. To shut up; to close. Sir T. Browne. 2. (Chem.) To take in and retain; to absorb; -- said especially with respect to gases; as iron, platinum, and palladium occlude large volumes of hydrogen.", @@ -52725,7 +45903,6 @@ "oceanfront": null, "oceanfronts": null, "oceangoing": null, - "oceania": null, "oceanic": "1. Of or pertaining to the ocean; found or formed in or about, or produced by, the ocean; frequenting the ocean, especially mid-ocean. Petrels are the most aërial and oceanic of birds. Darwin. 2. Of or pertaining to Oceania or its inhabitants.", "oceanographer": null, "oceanographers": null, @@ -52733,17 +45910,12 @@ "oceanography": "A description of the ocean.", "oceanology": "That branch of science which relates to the ocean.", "oceans": "1. The whole body of salt water which covers more than three fifths of the surface of the globe; -- called also the sea, or great sea. Like the odor of brine from the ocean Comes the thought of other years. Longfellow. 2. One of the large bodies of water into which the great ocean is regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic oceans. 3. An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent limits; as, the boundless ocean of eternity; an ocean of affairs. Locke.\n\nOf or pertaining to the main or great sea; as, the ocean waves; an ocean stream. Milton.", - "oceanside": null, - "oceanus": "The god of the great outer sea, or the river which was believed to flow around the whole earth.", "ocelot": "An American feline carnivore (Felis pardalis). It ranges from the Southwestern United States to Patagonia. It is covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches, which are variously arranged. The ground color varies from reddish gray to tawny yellow.", "ocelots": "An American feline carnivore (Felis pardalis). It ranges from the Southwestern United States to Patagonia. It is covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches, which are variously arranged. The ground color varies from reddish gray to tawny yellow.", "och": null, "ocher": "(a) A impure earthy ore of iron or a ferruginous clay, usually red (hematite) or yellow (limonite), -- used as a pigment in making paints, etc. The name is also applied to clays of other colors. (b) A metallic oxide occurring in earthy form; as, tungstic ocher or tungstite.", - "ochoa": null, "ocker": null, "ockers": null, - "ocr": null, - "oct": null, "octagon": "1. (Geom.) A plane figure of eight sides and eight angles. 2. Any structure (as a fortification) or place with eight sides or angles. Regular octagon, one in which the sides are all equal, and the angles also are all equal.", "octagonal": "Having eight sides and eight angles.", "octagons": "1. (Geom.) A plane figure of eight sides and eight angles. 2. Any structure (as a fortification) or place with eight sides or angles. Regular octagon, one in which the sides are all equal, and the angles also are all equal.", @@ -52752,15 +45924,10 @@ "octanes": "Any one of a group of metametric hydrocarcons (C8H18) of the methane series. The most important is a colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene or ligroin.", "octave": "1. The eighth day after a church festival, the festival day being included; also, the week following a church festival. \"The octaves of Easter.\" Jer. Taylor. 2. (Mus.) (a) The eighth tone in the scale; the interval between one and eight of the scale, or any interval of equal length; an interval of five tones and two semitones. (b) The whole diatonic scale itself. Note: The ratio of a musical tone to its octave above is 1:2 as regards the number of vibrations producing the tones. 3. (Poet.) The first two stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of four verses each; a stanza of eight lines. With mournful melody it continued this octave. Sir P. Sidney. Double octave. (Mus.) See under Double. -- Octave flute (Mus.), a small flute, the tones of which range an octave higher than those of the German or ordinary flute; -- called also piccolo. See Piccolo. 4. A small cask of wine, the eighth part of a pipe.\n\nConsisting of eight; eight. Dryden.", "octaves": "1. The eighth day after a church festival, the festival day being included; also, the week following a church festival. \"The octaves of Easter.\" Jer. Taylor. 2. (Mus.) (a) The eighth tone in the scale; the interval between one and eight of the scale, or any interval of equal length; an interval of five tones and two semitones. (b) The whole diatonic scale itself. Note: The ratio of a musical tone to its octave above is 1:2 as regards the number of vibrations producing the tones. 3. (Poet.) The first two stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of four verses each; a stanza of eight lines. With mournful melody it continued this octave. Sir P. Sidney. Double octave. (Mus.) See under Double. -- Octave flute (Mus.), a small flute, the tones of which range an octave higher than those of the German or ordinary flute; -- called also piccolo. See Piccolo. 4. A small cask of wine, the eighth part of a pipe.\n\nConsisting of eight; eight. Dryden.", - "octavia": null, - "octavian": null, - "octavio": null, "octavo": "A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eight leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; -- usually written 8vo or 8º.\n\nHaving eight leaves to a sheet; as, an octavo form, book, leaf, size, etc.", "octavos": "A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eight leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; -- usually written 8vo or 8º.\n\nHaving eight leaves to a sheet; as, an octavo form, book, leaf, size, etc.", "octet": "A composition for eight parts, usually for eight solo instruments or voices.", "octets": "A composition for eight parts, usually for eight solo instruments or voices.", - "october": "1. The tenth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. 2. Ale or cider made in that month. The country gentlemen had a posset or drink they called October. Emerson.", - "octobers": "1. The tenth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. 2. Ale or cider made in that month. The country gentlemen had a posset or drink they called October. Emerson.", "octogenarian": "A person eighty years, or more, of age.", "octogenarians": "A person eighty years, or more, of age.", "octopus": "A genus of eight-armed cephalopods, including numerous species, some of them of large size. See Devilfish,", @@ -52770,7 +45937,6 @@ "oculist": "One skilled in treating diseases of the eye.", "oculists": "One skilled in treating diseases of the eye.", "oculomotor": "Of or pertaining to the movement of the eye; -- applied especially to the common motor nerves (or third pair of cranial nerves) which supply many of the muscles of the orbit. -- n. The oculomotor nerve.", - "od": "An alleged force or natural power, supposed, by Reichenbach and others, to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital action, etc.; -- called also odyle or the odylic force. [Archaic] That od force of German Reichenbach Which still, from female finger tips, burnt blue. Mrs. Browning.", "odalisque": "A female slave or concubine in the harem of the Turkish sultan. [Written also odahlic, odalisk, and odalik.] Not of those that men desire, sleek Odalisques, or oracles of mode. Tennyson.", "odalisques": "A female slave or concubine in the harem of the Turkish sultan. [Written also odahlic, odalisk, and odalik.] Not of those that men desire, sleek Odalisques, or oracles of mode. Tennyson.", "odd": "1. Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing; without a mate; unmatched; single; as, an odd shoe; an odd glove. 2. Not divisible by 2 without a remainder; not capable of being evenly paired, one unit with another; as, 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, etc., are odd numbers. I hope good luck lies in odd numbers. Shak. 3. Left over after a definite round number has been taken or mentioned; indefinitely, but not greatly, exceeding a specified number; extra. Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made, it was destroyed in a deluge. T. Burnet. There are yet missing of your company Some few odd lads that you remember not. Shak. 4. Remaining over; unconnected; detached; fragmentary; hence, occasional; inconsiderable; as, odd jobs; odd minutes; odd trifles. 5. Different from what is usual or common; unusual; singular; peculiar; unique; strange. \"An odd action.\" Shak. \"An odd expression.\" Thackeray. The odd man, to perform all things perfectly, is, in my poor opinion, Joannes Sturmius. Ascham. Patients have sometimes coveted odd things. Arbuthnot. Locke's Essay would be a very odd book for a man to make himself master of, who would get a reputation by critical writings. Spectator. Syn. -- Quaint; unmatched; singular; unusual; extraordinary; strange; queer; eccentric, whimsical; fantastical; droll; comical. See Quaint.", @@ -52786,18 +45952,11 @@ "oddness": "1. The state of being odd, or not even. Take but one from three, and you not only destroy the oddness, but also the essence of that number. Fotherby. 2. Singularity; strangeness; eccentricity; irregularity; uncouthness; as, the oddness of dress or shape; the oddness of an event. Young.", "odds": "1. Difference in favor of one and against another; excess of one of two things or numbers over the other; inequality; advantage; superiority; hence, excess of chances; probability. \"Preëminent by so much odds.\" Milton. \"The fearful odds of that unequal fray.\" Trench. The odds Is that we scare are men and you are gods. Shak. There appeared, at least, four to one odds against them. Swift. All the odds between them has been the different s \"cope....given to their understandings to range in. Locke. Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the odds lie. Locke. 2. Quarrel; dispute; debate; strife; -- chiefly in the phraze at odds. Set them into confounding odds. Shak. I can not speak Any beginning to this peevish odds. Shak. At odds, in dispute; at variance. \"These squires at odds did fall.\" Spenser. \"He flashes into one gross crime or other, that sets us all at odds.\" Shak. -- It is odds, it is probable. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Odds and ends, that which is left; remnants; fragments; refuse; scraps; miscellaneous articles. \"My brain is filled...with all kinds of odds and ends.\" W. Irving.", "ode": "A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; esp., now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style. Hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles. Shak. O! run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. Milton. Ode factor, one who makes, or who traffics in, odes; -- used contemptuously.", - "odell": null, - "oder": null, "odes": "A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; esp., now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style. Hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles. Shak. O! run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. Milton. Ode factor, one who makes, or who traffics in, odes; -- used contemptuously.", - "odessa": null, - "odets": null, - "odin": "The supreme deity of the Scandinavians; -- the same as Woden, of the German tribes. There in the Temple, carved in wood, The image of great Odin stood. Longfellow.", "odious": "1. Hateful; deserving or receiving hatred; as, an odious name, system, vice. \"All wickedness will be most odious.\" Sprat. He rendered himself odious to the Parliament. Clarendon. 2. Causing or provoking hatred, repugnance, or disgust; offensive; disagreeable; repulsive; as, an odious sight; an odious smell. Milton. The odious side of that polity. Macaulay. Syn. -- Hateful; detestable; abominable; disgusting; loathsome; invidious; repulsive; forbidding; unpopular. -- O\"di*ous`ly. adv. -- O\"di*ous*ness, n.", "odiously": null, "odiousness": null, - "odis": null, "odium": "1. Hatred; dislike; as, his conduct brought him into odium, or, brought odium upon him. 2. The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness. She threw the odium of the fact on me. Dryden. Odium theologicum ( Etym: [L.], the enmity peculiar to contending theologians. Syn. -- Hatred; abhorrence; detestation; antipathy. -- Odium, Hatred. We exercise hatred; we endure odium. The former has an active sense, the latter a passive one. We speak of having a hatred for a man, but not of having an odium toward him. A tyrant incurs odium. The odium of an offense may sometimes fall unjustly upon one who is innocent. I wish I had a cause to seek him there, To oppose his hatred fully. Shak. You have...dexterously thrown some of the odium of your polity upon that middle class which you despise. Beaconsfield.", - "odom": null, "odometer": "An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which registers the miles and rods traversed.", "odometers": "An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which registers the miles and rods traversed.", "odor": "Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume. Meseemed I smelt a garden of sweet flowers, That dainty odors from them threw around. Spenser. To be in bad odor, to be out of favor, or in bad repute.", @@ -52806,28 +45965,20 @@ "odorless": "Free from odor.", "odorous": "Having or emitting an odor or scent, esp. a sweet odor; fragrant; sweet-smelling. \"Odorous bloom.\" Keble. Such fragrant flowers do give most odorous smell. Spenser. -- O\"dor*ous*ly, adv. -- O\"dor*ous*ness, n.", "odors": "Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume. Meseemed I smelt a garden of sweet flowers, That dainty odors from them threw around. Spenser. To be in bad odor, to be out of favor, or in bad repute.", - "ods": "A corruption of God's; -- formerly used in oaths and ejaculatory phrases. \"Ods bodikin.\" \"Ods pity.\" Shak.", - "odysseus": null, "odyssey": "An epic poem attributed to Homer, which describes the return of Ulysses to Ithaca after the siege of Troy.", "odysseys": "An epic poem attributed to Homer, which describes the return of Ulysses to Ithaca after the siege of Troy.", - "oe": "a diphthong, employed in the Latin language, and thence in the English language, as the representative of the Greek diphthong oe. In many words in common use, e alone stands instead of oe. Classicists prefer to write the diphthong oe separate in Latin words.", - "oed": null, "oedipal": null, - "oedipus": null, "oenology": "Knowledge of wine, scientific or practical.", "oenophile": null, "oenophiles": null, - "oersted": "The C.G.S. unit of magnetic reluctance or resistance, equal to the reluctance of a centimeter cube of air (or vacuum) between parallel faces. Also, a reluctance in which unit magnetomotive force sets up unit flux.", "oeuvre": null, "oeuvres": null, "of": "In a general sense, from, or out from; proceeding from; belonging to; relating to; concerning; -- used in a variety of applications; as: 1. Denoting that from which anything proceeds; indicating origin, source, descent, and the like; as, he is of a race of kings; he is of noble blood. That holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. Luke i. 35. I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you. 1 Cor. xi. 23. 2. Denoting possession or ownership, or the relation of subject to attribute; as, the apartment of the consul: the power of the king; a man of courage; the gate of heaven. \"Poor of spirit.\" Macaulay. 3. Denoting the material of which anything is composed, or that which it contains; as, a throne of gold; a sword of steel; a wreath of mist; a cup of water. 4. Denoting part of an aggregate or whole; belonging to a number or quantity mentioned; out of; from amongst; as, of this little he had some to spare; some of the mines were unproductive; most of the company. It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed. Lam. iii. 22. It is a duty to communicate of those blessings we have received. Franklin. 5. Denoting that by which a person or thing is actuated or impelled; also, the source of a purpose or action; as, they went of their own will; no body can move of itself; he did it of necessity. For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Josh. xi. 20. 6. Denoting reference to a thing; about; concerning; relating to; as, to boast of one's achievements. Knew you of this fair work Shak. 7. Denoting nearness or distance, either in space or time; from; as, within a league of the town; within an hour of the appointed time. 8. Denoting identity or equivalence; -- used with a name or appellation, and equivalent to the relation of apposition; as, the continent of America; the city of Rome; the Island of Cuba. 9. Denoting the agent, or person by whom, or thing by which, anything is, or is done; by. And told to her of [by] some. Chaucer. He taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. Luke iv. 15. [Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil. Luke iv. 1, 2. Note: The use of the word in this sense, as applied to persons, is nearly obsolete. 10. Denoting relation to place or time; belonging to, or connected with; as, men of Athens; the people of the Middle Ages; in the days of Herod. 11. Denoting passage from one state to another; from. [Obs.] \"O miserable of happy.\" Milton. 12. During; in the course of. Not be seen to wink of all the day. Shak. My custom always of the afternoon. Shak. Note: Of may be used in a subjective or an objective sense. \"The love of God\" may mean, our love for God, or God's love for us. Note: From is the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained in off, the same word differently written for distinction. But this radical sense disappears in most of its application; as, a man of genius; a man of rare endowments; a fossil of a red color, or of an hexagonal figure; he lost all hope of relief; an affair of the cabinet; he is a man of decayed fortune; what is the price of corn In these and similar phrases, of denotes property or possession, or a relation of some sort involving connection. These applications, however all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which proceeds from, or is produced by, a person or thing, either has had, or still has, a close connection with the same; and hence the word was applied to cases of mere connection, not involving at all the idea of separation. Of consequence, of importance, value, or influence. -- Of late, recently; in time not long past. -- Of old, formerly; in time long past. -- Of one's self, by one's self; without help or prompting; spontaneously. Why, knows not Montague, that of itself England is safe, if true within itself Shak.", - "ofelia": null, "off": "In a general sense, denoting from or away from; as: 1. Denoting distance or separation; as, the house is a mile off. 2. Denoting the action of removing or separating; separation; as, to take off the hat or cloak; to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, to peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly off, and the like. 3. Denoting a leaving, abandonment, departure, abatement, interruption, or remission; as, the fever goes off; the pain goes off; the game is off; all bets are off. 4. Denoting a different direction; not on or towards: away; as, to look off. 5. Denoting opposition or negation. [Obs.] The questions no way touch upon puritanism, either off or on. Bp. Sanderson. From off, off from; off. \"A live coal...taken with the tongs from off the altar.\" Is. vi. 6. -- Off and on. (a) Not constantly; not regularly; now and then; occasionally. (b) (Naut.) On different tacks, now toward, and now away from, the land. -- To be off. (a) To depart; to escape; as, he was off without a moment's warning. (b) To be abandoned, as an agreement or purpose; as, the bet was declared to be off. [Colloq.] -- To come off, To cut off, To fall off, To go off, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, Go, etc. -- To get off. (a) To utter; to discharge; as, to get off a joke. (b) To go away; to escape; as, to get off easily from a trial. [Colloq.] -- To take off, to mimic or personate. -- To tell off (Mil.), to divide and practice a regiment or company in the several formations, preparatory to marching to the general parade for field exercises. Farrow. -- To be well off, to be in good condition. -- To be ill off, To be badly off, to be in poor condition.\n\nAway; begone; -- a command to depart.\n\nNot on; away from; as, to be off one's legs or off the bed; two miles off the shore. Addison. Off hand. See Offhand. -- Off side (Football), out of play; -- said when a player has got in front of the ball in a scrimmage, or when the ball has been last touched by one of his own side behind him. -- To be off color, to be of a wrong color. -- To be off one's food, to have no appetite. (Colloq.)\n\n1. On the farther side; most distant; on the side of an animal or a team farthest from the driver when he is on foot; in the United States, the right side; as, the off horse or ox in a team, in distinction from the Ant: nigh or Ant: near horse or ox; the off leg. 2. Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business or affairs, or is absent from his post, and, hence, a time when affairs are not urgent; as, he took an off day for fishing: an off year in politics. \"In the off season.\" Thackeray. Off side. (a) The right hand side in driving; the farther side. See Gee. (b) (Cricket) See Off, n.\n\nThe side of the field that is on the right of the wicket keeper.", "offal": "1. The rejected or waste parts of a butchered animal. 2. A dead body; carrion. Shak. 3. That which is thrown away as worthless or unfit for use; refuse; rubbish. The off als of other profession. South.", "offbeat": null, "offbeats": null, "offed": null, - "offenbach": null, "offend": "1. To strike against; to attack; to assail. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 2. To displease; to make angry; to affront. A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. Prov. xviii. 19. 3. To be offensive to; to harm; to pain; to annoy; as, strong light offends the eye; to offend the conscience. 4. To transgress; to violate; to sin against. [Obs.] Marry, sir, he hath offended the law. Shak. 5. (Script.) To oppose or obstruct in duty; to cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall. [Obs.] Who hath you misboden or offended. Chaucer. If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out... And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matt. v. 29, 3O. Great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall offend them. Ps. cxix. 165.\n\n1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to commit a crime; to stumble; to sin. Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all. James ii. 10. If it be a sin to cevet honor, I am the most offending soul alive. Shak. 2. To cause dislike, anger, or vexation; to displease. I shall offend, either to detain or give it. Shak. To offend against, to do an injury or wrong to; to commit an offense against. \"We have offended against the Lord already.\" 2 Chron. xxviii. 13.", "offended": null, "offender": "One who offends; one who violates any law, divine or human; a wrongdoer. I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders. 1 Kings i. 21.", @@ -52854,7 +46005,6 @@ "office": "1. That which a person does, either voluntarily or by appointment, for, or with reference to, others; customary duty, or a duty that arises from the relations of man to man; as, kind offices, pious offices. I would I could do a good office between you. Shak. 2. A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; as, an executive or judical office; a municipal office. 3. A charge or trust, of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as, the office of a priest under the old dispensation, and that of the apostles in the new. Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office. Rom. xi. 13. 4. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform; a function; -- answering to duty in intelligent beings. They [the eyes] resign their office and their light. Shak. Hesperus, whose office is to bring Twilight upon the earth. Milton. In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms. Sir I. Newton. 5. The place where a particular kind of business or service for others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as, the register's office; a lawyer's office. 6. The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place of business is in an office; as, I have notified the office. 7. pl. The apartments or outhouses in which the domestics discharge the duties attached to the service of a house, as kitchens, pantries, stables, etc. [Eng.] As for the offices, let them stand at distance. Bacon. 8. (Eccl.) Any service other than that of ordination and the Mass; any prescribed religious service. This morning was read in the church, after the office was done, the declaration setting forth the late conspiracy against the king's person. Evelyn. Holy office. Same as Inquisition, n., 3. -- Houses of office. Same as def. 7 above. Chaucer. -- Little office (R.C.Ch.), an office recited in honor of the Virgin Mary. -- Office bearer, an officer; one who has a specific office or duty to perform. -- Office copy (Law), an authenticated or certified copy of a record, from the proper office. See Certified copies, under Copy. Abbott. -- Office-found (Law), the finding of an inquest of office. See under Inquest. -- Office holder. See Officeholder in the Vocabulary\n\nTo perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge. [Obs.] Shak.", "officeholder": "An officer, particularly one in the civil service; a placeman.", "officeholders": "An officer, particularly one in the civil service; a placeman.", - "officemax": null, "officer": "1. One who holds an office; a person lawfully invested with an office, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical; as, a church officer; a police officer; a staff officer. \"I am an officer of state.\" Shak. 2. (U. S. Mil.) Specifically, a commissioned officer, in distinction from a warrant officer. Field officer, General officer, etc. See under Field, General. etc. -- Officer of the day (Mil.), the officer who, on a given day, has charge for that day of the quard, prisoners, and police of the post or camp. -- Officer of the deck, or Officer of the watch (Naut.), the officer temporarily in charge on the deck of a vessel, esp. a war vessel.\n\n1. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over. Marshall. 2. To command as an officer; as, veterans from old regiments officered the recruits.", "officers": "1. One who holds an office; a person lawfully invested with an office, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical; as, a church officer; a police officer; a staff officer. \"I am an officer of state.\" Shak. 2. (U. S. Mil.) Specifically, a commissioned officer, in distinction from a warrant officer. Field officer, General officer, etc. See under Field, General. etc. -- Officer of the day (Mil.), the officer who, on a given day, has charge for that day of the quard, prisoners, and police of the post or camp. -- Officer of the deck, or Officer of the watch (Naut.), the officer temporarily in charge on the deck of a vessel, esp. a war vessel.\n\n1. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over. Marshall. 2. To command as an officer; as, veterans from old regiments officered the recruits.", "offices": "1. That which a person does, either voluntarily or by appointment, for, or with reference to, others; customary duty, or a duty that arises from the relations of man to man; as, kind offices, pious offices. I would I could do a good office between you. Shak. 2. A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; as, an executive or judical office; a municipal office. 3. A charge or trust, of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as, the office of a priest under the old dispensation, and that of the apostles in the new. Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office. Rom. xi. 13. 4. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform; a function; -- answering to duty in intelligent beings. They [the eyes] resign their office and their light. Shak. Hesperus, whose office is to bring Twilight upon the earth. Milton. In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms. Sir I. Newton. 5. The place where a particular kind of business or service for others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as, the register's office; a lawyer's office. 6. The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place of business is in an office; as, I have notified the office. 7. pl. The apartments or outhouses in which the domestics discharge the duties attached to the service of a house, as kitchens, pantries, stables, etc. [Eng.] As for the offices, let them stand at distance. Bacon. 8. (Eccl.) Any service other than that of ordination and the Mass; any prescribed religious service. This morning was read in the church, after the office was done, the declaration setting forth the late conspiracy against the king's person. Evelyn. Holy office. Same as Inquisition, n., 3. -- Houses of office. Same as def. 7 above. Chaucer. -- Little office (R.C.Ch.), an office recited in honor of the Virgin Mary. -- Office bearer, an officer; one who has a specific office or duty to perform. -- Office copy (Law), an authenticated or certified copy of a record, from the proper office. See Certified copies, under Copy. Abbott. -- Office-found (Law), the finding of an inquest of office. See under Inquest. -- Office holder. See Officeholder in the Vocabulary\n\nTo perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -52905,15 +46055,11 @@ "oftenest": null, "oftentimes": "Frequently; often; many times. Wordsworth.", "ofttimes": "Frequently; often. Milton.", - "ogbomosho": null, - "ogden": null, - "ogilvy": null, "ogle": "To view or look at with side glances, as in fondness, or with a design to attract notice. And ogling all their audience, ere they speak. Dryden.\n\nAn amorous side glance or look. Byron.", "ogled": null, "ogler": "One who ogles. Addison.", "oglers": "One who ogles. Addison.", "ogles": "To view or look at with side glances, as in fondness, or with a design to attract notice. And ogling all their audience, ere they speak. Dryden.\n\nAn amorous side glance or look. Byron.", - "oglethorpe": null, "ogling": null, "ogre": "An imaginary monster, or hideous giant of fairy tales, who lived on human beings; hence, any frightful giant; a cruel monster. His schoolroom must have resembled an ogre's den. Maccaulay.", "ogreish": "Resembling an ogre; having the character or appearance of an ogre; suitable for an ogre. \"An ogreish kind of jocularity.\" Dickens.", @@ -52921,16 +46067,12 @@ "ogress": "A female ogre. Tennyson.", "ogresses": null, "oh": "An exclamation expressing various emotions, according to the tone and manner, especially surprise, pain, sorrow, anxiety, or a wish. See the Note under O.", - "ohio": null, - "ohioan": null, - "ohioans": null, "ohm": "The standard unit in the measure of electrical resistance, being the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampére. As defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893, and by United States Statute, it is a resistance substantially equal to 109 units of resistance of the C.G.S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14.4521 grams in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area, and of the length of 106.3 centimeters. As thus defined it is called the international ohm. Ohm's law (Elec.), the statement of the fact that the strength or intensity of an electrical current is directly proportional to the electro-motive force, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.", "ohmmeter": "An instrument for indicating directly resistance in ohms.", "ohmmeters": "An instrument for indicating directly resistance in ohms.", "ohms": "The standard unit in the measure of electrical resistance, being the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampére. As defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893, and by United States Statute, it is a resistance substantially equal to 109 units of resistance of the C.G.S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14.4521 grams in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area, and of the length of 106.3 centimeters. As thus defined it is called the international ohm. Ohm's law (Elec.), the statement of the fact that the strength or intensity of an electrical current is directly proportional to the electro-motive force, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.", "oho": "An exclamation of surprise, etc.", "ohs": "An exclamation expressing various emotions, according to the tone and manner, especially surprise, pain, sorrow, anxiety, or a wish. See the Note under O.", - "ohsa": null, "oi": null, "oik": null, "oiks": null, @@ -52958,105 +46100,47 @@ "oinks": null, "ointment": "That which serves to anoint; any soft unctuous substance used for smearing or anointing; an unguent.", "ointments": "That which serves to anoint; any soft unctuous substance used for smearing or anointing; an unguent.", - "oise": null, - "oj": null, - "ojibwa": null, - "ojibwas": null, - "ok": null, "okapi": "A peculiar mammal (Okapia johnostoni) closely related to the giraffe, discovered in the deep forests of Belgian Kongo in 1900. It is smaller than an ox, and somewhat like a giraffe, except that the neck is much shorter. Like the giraffe, it has no dewclaws. There is a small prominence on each frontal bone of the male. The color of the body is chiefly reddish chestnut, the cheeks are yellowish white, and the fore and hind legs above the knees and the haunches are striped with purplish black and cream color.", "okapis": "A peculiar mammal (Okapia johnostoni) closely related to the giraffe, discovered in the deep forests of Belgian Kongo in 1900. It is smaller than an ox, and somewhat like a giraffe, except that the neck is much shorter. Like the giraffe, it has no dewclaws. There is a small prominence on each frontal bone of the male. The color of the body is chiefly reddish chestnut, the cheeks are yellowish white, and the fore and hind legs above the knees and the haunches are striped with purplish black and cream color.", "okay": null, - "okayama": null, "okaying": null, "okays": null, - "oked": null, - "okeechobee": null, - "okefenokee": null, - "okhotsk": null, - "okinawa": null, - "okinawan": null, - "oking": null, - "okla": null, - "oklahoma": null, - "oklahoman": null, "okra": "An annual plant (Abelmoschus, or Hibiscus, esculentus), whose green pods, abounding in nutritious mucilage, are much used for soups, stews, or pickles; gumbo. [Written also ocra and ochra.]", "okras": "An annual plant (Abelmoschus, or Hibiscus, esculentus), whose green pods, abounding in nutritious mucilage, are much used for soups, stews, or pickles; gumbo. [Written also ocra and ochra.]", - "oks": null, - "oktoberfest": null, - "ola": null, - "olaf": null, - "olajuwon": null, - "olav": null, "old": "Open country. [Obs.] See World. Shak.\n\n1. Not young; advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward the end of the ordinary term of living; as, an old man; an old age; an old horse; an old tree. Let not old age disgrace my high desire. Sir P. Sidney. The melancholy news that we grow old. Young. 2. Not new or fresh; not recently made or produced; having existed for a long time; as, old wine; an old friendship. \"An old acquaintance.\" Camden. 3. Formerly existing; ancient; not modern; preceding; original; as, an old law; an old custom; an old promise. \"The old schools of Greece.\" Milton. \"The character of the old Ligurians.\" Addison. 4. Continued in life; advanced in the course of existence; having (a certain) length of existence; -- designating the age of a person or thing; as, an infant a few hours old; a cathedral centuries old. And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou Cen. xlvii. 8. Note: In this use old regularly follows the noun that designates the age; as, she was eight years old. 5. Long practiced; hence, skilled; experienced; cunning; as, an old offender; old in vice. Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel old. Milton. 6. Long cultivated; as, an old farm; old land, as opposed to Ant: new land, that is, to land lately cleared. 7. Worn out; weakened or exhausted by use; past usefulness; as, old shoes; old clothes. 8. More than enough; abundant. [Obs.] If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key. Shak. 9. Aged; antiquated; hence, wanting in the mental vigor or other qualities belonging to youth; -- used disparagingly as a term of reproach. 10. Old-fashioned; wonted; customary; as of old; as, the good old times; hence, colloquially, gay; jolly. 11. Used colloquially as a term of cordiality and familiarity. \"Go thy ways, old lad.\" Shak. Old age, advanced years; the latter period of life. -- Old bachelor. See Bachelor, 1. -- Old Catholics. See under Catholic. -- Old English. See under English. n., 2. -- Old Nick, Old Scratch, the devil. -- Old lady (Zoöl.), a large European noctuid moth (Mormo maura). -- Old maid. (a) A woman, somewhat advanced in years, who has never been married; a spinster. (b) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the pink- flowered periwinkle (Vinca rosea). (c) A simple game of cards, played by matching them. The person with whom the odd card is left is the old maid. -- Old man's beard. (Bot.) (a) The traveler's joy (Clematis Vitalba). So named from the abundant long feathery awns of its fruit. (b) The Tillandsia usneoides. See Tillandsia. -- Old man's head (Bot.), a columnar cactus (Pilocereus senilis), native of Mexico, covered towards the top with long white hairs. -- Old red sandstone (Geol.), a series of red sandstone rocks situated below the rocks of the Carboniferous age and comprising various strata of siliceous sandstones and conglomerates. See Sandstone, and the Chart of Geology. -- Old school, a school or party belonging to a former time, or preserving the character, manner, or opinious of a former time; as, a gentleman of the old school; -- used also adjectively; as, Old-School Presbyterians. -- Old sledge, an old and well-known game of cards, called also all fours, and high, low, Jack, and the game. -- Old squaw (Zoöl.), a duck (Clangula hyemalis) inhabiting the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is varied with black and white and is remarkable for the length of its tail. Called also longtailed duck, south southerly, callow, hareld, and old wife. -- Old style. (Chron.) See the Note under Style. -- Old Testament. See under Testament. -- Old wife. [In the senses b and cwritten also oldwife.] (a) A prating old woman; a gossip. Refuse profane and old wives' fables. 1 Tim. iv. 7. (b) (Zoöl.) The local name of various fishes, as the European black sea bream (Cantharus lineatus), the American alewife, etc. (c) (Zoöl.) A duck; the old squaw. -- Old World, the Eastern Hemisphere. Syn. -- Aged; ancient; pristine; primitive; antique; antiquated; old- fashioned; obsolete. See Ancient.", "olden": "Old; ancient; as, the olden time. \"A minstrel of the olden stamp.\" J. C. Shairp.\n\nTo grow old; to age. [R.] She had oldened in that time. Thackeray.", - "oldenburg": null, "older": null, "oldest": null, - "oldfield": null, "oldie": null, "oldies": null, "oldish": "Somewhat old.", "oldness": "The state or quality of being old; old age.", - "oldsmobile": null, "oldster": "An old person. [Jocular] H. Kingsley.", "oldsters": "An old person. [Jocular] H. Kingsley.", - "olduvai": null, "ole": null, "oleaginous": "Having the nature or qualities of oil; oily; unctuous.", "oleander": "A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose. Note: Every part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has occured from using its wood for skewers in cooking meat.", "oleanders": "A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose. Note: Every part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has occured from using its wood for skewers in cooking meat.", - "olen": null, - "olenek": null, "oleo": null, "oleomargarine": "1. A liquid oil made from animal fats (esp. beef fat) by separating the greater portion of the solid fat or stearin, by crystallization. It is mainly a mixture of olein and palmitin with some little stearin. 2. An artificial butter made by churning this oil with more or less milk. Note: Oleomargarine was wrongly so named, as it contains no margarin proper, but olein, palmitin, and stearin, a mixture of palmitin and stearin having formerly been called margarin by mistake.", "oles": null, "olfactories": null, "olfactory": "Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; as, the olfactory nerves; the olfactory cells. Olfactory organ (Anat.), an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and lined with epithelium innervated by the olfactory (or first cranial) nerves, and sensitive to odoriferous particles conveyed to it in the air or in water.\n\nAn olfactory organ; also, the sense of smell; -- usually in the plural.", - "olga": null, "oligarch": "A member of an oligarchy; one of the rulers in an oligarchical government.", "oligarchic": "Of or pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few. \"Oligarchical exiles.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ).", "oligarchical": "Of or pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few. \"Oligarchical exiles.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ).", "oligarchies": null, "oligarchs": "A member of an oligarchy; one of the rulers in an oligarchical government.", "oligarchy": "A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a few persons; also, those who form the ruling few. All oligarchies, wherein a few men domineer, do what they list. Burton.", - "oligocene": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain strata which occupy an intermediate position between the Eocene and Miocene periods. -- n. The Oligocene period. See the Chart of Geology.", "oligonucleotide": null, "oligonucleotides": null, "oligopolies": null, "oligopoly": null, - "olin": null, "olive": "1. (Bot.) (a) A tree (Olea Europæa) with small oblong or elliptical leaves, axillary clusters of flowers, and oval, one-seeded drupes. The tree has been cultivated for its fruit for thousands of years, and its branches are the emblems of peace. The wood is yellowish brown and beautifully variegated. (b) The fruit of the olive. It has been much improved by cultivation, and is used for making pickles. Olive oil is pressed from its flesh. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; -- so called from the form. See Oliva. (b) The oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.] 3. (a) The color of the olive, a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green. (b) One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in equal strength and proportion. 4. (Anat.) An olivary body. See under Olivary. 5. (Cookery) A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked; as, olives of beef or veal. Note: Olive is sometimes used adjectively and in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, olive brown, olive green, olive- colored, olive-skinned, olive crown, olive garden, olive tree, olive yard, etc. Bohemian olive (Bot.), a species of Elæagnus (E. angustifolia), the flowers of which are sometimes used in Southern Europe as a remedy for fevers. -- Olive branch. (a) A branch of the olive tree, considered an emblem of peace. (b) Fig.: A child. -- Olive brown, brown with a tinge of green. -- Olive green, a dark brownish green, like the color of the olive. -- Olive oil, an oil expressed from the ripe fruit of the olive, and much used as a salad oil, also in medicine and the arts. -- Olive ore (Min.), olivenite. -- Wild olive (Bot.), a name given to the oleaster or wild stock of the olive; also variously to several trees more or less resembling the olive.\n\nApproaching the color of the olive; of a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green.", - "oliver": "1. Etym: [OF. oliviere.] An olive grove. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Etym: [F. olivier.] An olive tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA small tilt hammer, worked by the foot.", "olives": "1. (Bot.) (a) A tree (Olea Europæa) with small oblong or elliptical leaves, axillary clusters of flowers, and oval, one-seeded drupes. The tree has been cultivated for its fruit for thousands of years, and its branches are the emblems of peace. The wood is yellowish brown and beautifully variegated. (b) The fruit of the olive. It has been much improved by cultivation, and is used for making pickles. Olive oil is pressed from its flesh. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; -- so called from the form. See Oliva. (b) The oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.] 3. (a) The color of the olive, a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green. (b) One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in equal strength and proportion. 4. (Anat.) An olivary body. See under Olivary. 5. (Cookery) A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked; as, olives of beef or veal. Note: Olive is sometimes used adjectively and in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, olive brown, olive green, olive- colored, olive-skinned, olive crown, olive garden, olive tree, olive yard, etc. Bohemian olive (Bot.), a species of Elæagnus (E. angustifolia), the flowers of which are sometimes used in Southern Europe as a remedy for fevers. -- Olive branch. (a) A branch of the olive tree, considered an emblem of peace. (b) Fig.: A child. -- Olive brown, brown with a tinge of green. -- Olive green, a dark brownish green, like the color of the olive. -- Olive oil, an oil expressed from the ripe fruit of the olive, and much used as a salad oil, also in medicine and the arts. -- Olive ore (Min.), olivenite. -- Wild olive (Bot.), a name given to the oleaster or wild stock of the olive; also variously to several trees more or less resembling the olive.\n\nApproaching the color of the olive; of a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green.", - "olivetti": null, - "olivia": null, - "olivier": null, - "ollie": null, - "olmec": null, - "olmsted": null, - "olsen": null, - "olson": null, - "olympia": null, - "olympiad": "A period of four years, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned time, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, beginning with the victory of Coroebus in the foot race, which took place in the year 776 b.c.; as, the era of the olympiads.", - "olympiads": "A period of four years, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned time, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, beginning with the victory of Coroebus in the foot race, which took place in the year 776 b.c.; as, the era of the olympiads.", - "olympian": "Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic games, or Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days.", - "olympians": "Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic games, or Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days.", - "olympias": null, - "olympic": "Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic games, or Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days.", - "olympics": "Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic games, or Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days.", - "olympus": null, "om": "A mystic syllable or ejaculation used by Hindus and Buddhists in religious rites, -- orig. among the Hindus an exclamation of assent, like Amen, then an invocation, and later a symbol of the trinity formed by Vishnu, Siva, and Brahma. -- Om mani padme hun, a sacred formula of buddhism (esp. of the Lamaists) translated \"O, the Jewel in the Lotus, Amen,\" and referring to Amitabha, who is commonly represented as standing or sitting within a lotus.", - "omaha": null, - "omahas": "A tribe of Indians who inhabited the south side of the Missouri River. They are now partly civilized and occupy a reservation in Nebraska.", - "oman": null, - "omani": null, - "omanis": null, - "omar": null, - "omayyad": null, - "omb": null, "ombudsman": null, "ombudsmen": null, - "omdurman": null, "omega": "1. The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See Alpha. 2. The last; the end; hence, death. \"Omega! thou art Lord,\" they said. Tennyson. Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending; hence, the chief, the whole. Rev. i. 8. The alpha and omega of science. Sir J. Herschel.", "omegas": "1. The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See Alpha. 2. The last; the end; hence, death. \"Omega! thou art Lord,\" they said. Tennyson. Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending; hence, the chief, the whole. Rev. i. 8. The alpha and omega of science. Sir J. Herschel.", "omelet": "Eggs beaten up with a little flour, etc., and cooked in a frying pan; as, a plain omelet.", @@ -53088,9 +46172,7 @@ "omnivorously": null, "omnivorousness": null, "oms": "A mystic syllable or ejaculation used by Hindus and Buddhists in religious rites, -- orig. among the Hindus an exclamation of assent, like Amen, then an invocation, and later a symbol of the trinity formed by Vishnu, Siva, and Brahma. -- Om mani padme hun, a sacred formula of buddhism (esp. of the Lamaists) translated \"O, the Jewel in the Lotus, Amen,\" and referring to Amitabha, who is commonly represented as standing or sitting within a lotus.", - "omsk": null, "on": "The general signification of on is situation, motion, or condition with respect to contact or support beneath; as: -- 1. At, or in contact with, the surface or upper part of a thing, and supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; as, the book lies on the table, which stands on the floor of a house on an island. I stood on the bridge at midnight. Longfellow. 2. To or against the surface of; -- used to indicate the motion of a thing as coming or falling to the surface of another; as, rain falls on the earth. Whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken. Matt. xxi. 44. 3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with; as, to play on a violin or piano. Hence, figuratively, to work on one's feelings; to make an impression on the mind. 4. At or near; adjacent to; -- indicating situation, place, or position; as, on the one hand, on the other hand; the fleet is on the American coast. 5. In addition to; besides; -- indicating multiplication or succession in a series; as, heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief; loss on loss; thought on thought. Shak. 6. Indicating dependence or reliance; with confidence in; as, to depend on a person for assistance; to rely on; hence, indicating the ground or support of anything; as, he will promise on certain conditions; to bet on a horse. 7. At or in the time of; during; as, on Sunday we abstain from labor. See At (synonym). 8. At the time of, conveying some notion of cause or motive; as, on public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform. Hence, in consequence of, or following; as, on the ratification of the treaty, the armies were disbanded. 9. Toward; for; -- indicating the object of some passion; as, have pity or compassion on him. 10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. \"Hence, on thy life.\" Dryden. 11. By virtue of; with the pledge of; -- denoting a pledge or engagement, and put before the thing pledged; as, he affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honor. 12. To the account of; -- denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon; as, on us be all the blame; a curse on him. His blood be on us and on our children. Matt. xxvii. 25. 13. In reference or relation to; as, on our part expect punctuality; a satire on society. 14. Of. [Obs.] \"Be not jealous on me.\" Shak. Or have we eaten on the insane root That takes the reason prisoner Shak. Note: Instances of this usage are common in our older writers, and are sometimes now heard in illiterate speech. 15. Occupied with; in the performance of; as, only three officers are on duty; on a journey. 16. In the service of; connected with; of the number of; as, he is on a newspaper; on a committee. Note: On and upon are in general interchangeable. In some applications upon is more euphonious, and is therefore to be preferred; but in most cases on is preferable. On a bowline. (Naut.) Same as Closehauled. -- On a wind, or On the wind (Naut.), sailing closehauled. -- On a sudden. See under Sudden. -- On board, On draught, On fire, etc. See under Board, Draught, Fire, etc. -- On it, On't, of it. [Obs. or Colloq.] Shak. -- On shore, on land; to the shore. -- On the road, On the way, On the wing, etc. See under Road, Way, etc. -- On to, upon; on; to; -- sometimes written as one word, onto, and usually called a colloquialism; but it may be regarded in analogy with into. They have added the -en plural form on to an elder plural. Earle. We see the strength of the new movement in the new class of ecclesiastics whom it forced on to the stage. J. R. Green.\n\n1. Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion; as, move on; go on. \"Time glides on.\" Macaulay. The path is smooth that leadeth on to danger. Shak. 2. Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on. 3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on. 4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, \"He is neither on nor off,\" that is, he is not steady, he is irresolute. 5. Attached to the body, as clothing or ornament, or for use. \"I have boots on.\" B. Gonson. He put on righteousness as a breastplate. Is. lix. 17. 6. In progress; proceeding; as, a game is on. Note: On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, on, comrades; that is, go on, move on. On and on, continuously; for a long time together. \"Toiling on and on and on.\" Longfellow.", - "onassis": null, "onboard": null, "once": "The ounce.\n\n1. By limitation to the number one; for one time; not twice nor any number of times more than one. Ye shall . . . go round about the city once. Josh. vi. 3. Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years. Bacon. 2. At some one period of time; -- used indefinitely. My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee. Addison. That court which we shall once govern. Bp. Hall. 3. At any one time; -- often nearly equivalent to ever, if ever, or whenever; as, once kindled, it may not be quenched. Wilt thou not be made clean When shall it once be Jer. xiii. 27. To be once in doubt Is once to be resolved. Shak. Note: Once is used as a noun when preceded by this or that; as, this once, that once. It is also sometimes used elliptically, like an adjective, for once-existing. \"The once province of Britain.\" J. N. Pomeroy.. At once. (a) At the same point of time; immediately; without delay. \"Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once.\" Shak. \"I . . . withdrew at once and altogether.\" Jeffrey. (b) At one and the same time; simultaneously; in one body; as, they all moved at once. -- Once and again, once and once more; repeatedly. \"A dove sent forth once and again, to spy.\" Milton.", "oncogene": null, @@ -53100,11 +46182,6 @@ "oncology": null, "oncoming": null, "one": "1. Being a single unit, or entire being or thing, and no more; not multifold; single; individual. The dream of Pharaoh is one. Gen. xli. 25. O that we now had here But one ten thousand of those men in England. Shak. 2. Denoting a person or thing conceived or spoken of indefinitely; a certain. \"I am the sister of one Claudio\" [Shak.], that is, of a certain man named Claudio. 3. Pointing out a contrast, or denoting a particular thing or person different from some other specified; -- used as a correlative adjective, with or without the. From the one side of heaven unto the other. Deut. iv. 32. 4. Closely bound together; undivided; united; constituting a whole. The church is therefore one, though the members may be many. Bp. Pearson 5. Single in kind; the same; a common. One plague was on you all, and on your lords. 1 Sam. vi. 4. 6. Single; inmarried. [Obs.] Men may counsel a woman to be one. Chaucer. Note: One is often used in forming compound words, the meaning of which is obvious; as, one-armed, one-celled, one-eyed, one-handed, one-hearted, one-horned, one-idead, one-leaved, one-masted, one- ribbed, one-story, one-syllable, one-stringed, one-winged, etc. All one, of the same or equal nature, or consequence; as, he says that it is all one what course you take. Shak. -- One day. (a) On a certain day, not definitely specified, referring to time past. One day when Phoebe fair, With all her band, was following the chase. Spenser. (b) Referring to future time: At some uncertain day or period; some day. Well, I will marry one day. Shak.\n\n1. A single unit; as, one is the base of all numbers. 2. A symbol representing a unit, as 1, or i. 3. A single person or thing. \"The shining ones.\" Bunyan. \"Hence, with your little ones.\" Shak. He will hate the one, and love the other. Matt. vi. 24. That we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory. Mark x. 37. After one, after one fashion; alike. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- At one, in agreement or concord. See At one, in the Vocab. -- Ever in one, continually; perpetually; always. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- In one, in union; in a single whole. -- One and one, One by one, singly; one at a time; one after another.\"Raising one by one the suppliant crew.\" Dryden.\n\nAny person, indefinitely; a person or body; as, what one would have well done, one should do one's self. It was well worth one's while. Hawthorne. Against this sort of condemnation one must steel one's self as one best can. G. Eliot. Note: One is often used with some, any, no, each, every, such, a, many a, another, the other, etc. It is sometimes joined with another, to denote a reciprocal relation. When any one heareth the word. Matt. xiii. 19. She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton Reade. The Peloponnesians and the Athenians fought against one another. Jowett (Thucyd. ). The gentry received one another. Thackeray.\n\nTo cause to become one; to gather into a single whole; to unite; to assimilite. [Obs.] The rich folk that embraced and oned all their heart to treasure of the world. Chaucer.", - "oneal": null, - "onega": null, - "onegin": null, - "oneida": null, - "oneidas": "A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the region near Oneida Lake in the State of New York, and forming part of the Five Nations. Remnants of the tribe now live in New York, Canada, and Wisconsin.", "oneness": "The state of being one; singleness in number; individuality; unity. Our God is one, or rather very oneness. Hooker.", "onerous": "Burdensome; oppressive. \"Too onerous a solicitude.\" I. Taylor. Onerous cause (Scots Law), a good and legal consideration; -- opposed to gratuitous.", "onerously": "In an onerous manner.", @@ -53121,16 +46198,12 @@ "onlookers": null, "onlooking": null, "only": "1. One alone; single; as, the only man present; his only occupation. 2. Alone in its class; by itself; not associated with others of the same class or kind; as, an only child. 3. Hence, figuratively: Alone, by reason of superiority; preëminent; chief. \"Motley's the only wear.\" Shak.\n\n1. In one manner or degree; for one purpose alone; simply; merely; barely. And to be loved himself, needs only to be known. Dryden. 2. So and no otherwise; no other than; exclusively; solely; wholly. \"She being only wicked.\" Beau. & Fl. Every imagination . . . of his heart was only evil. Gen. vi. 5. 3. Singly; without more; as, only-begotten. 4. Above all others; particularly. [Obs.] His most only elected mistress. Marston.\n\nSave or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with or without that, and properly introducing a single fact or consideration. He might have seemed some secretary or clerk . . . only that his low, flat, unadorned cap . . . indicated that he belonged to the city. Sir W. Scott.", - "ono": null, "onomatopoeia": "The formation of words in imitation of sounds; a figure of speech in which the sound of a word is imitative of the sound of the thing which the word represents; as, the buzz of bees; the hiss of a goose; the crackle of fire. Note: It has been maintained by some philologist that all primary words, especially names, were formed by imitation of natural sounds.", "onomatopoeic": "Onomatopoetic. Whitney.", "onomatopoetic": "Of or pertaining to onomatopoeia; characterized by onomatopoeia; imitative; as, an onomatopoetic writer or word. Earle.", - "onondaga": null, - "onondagas": "A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting what is now a part of the State of New York. They were the central or head tribe of the Five Nations.", "onrush": "A rushing onward.", "onrushes": null, "onrushing": null, - "onsager": null, "onscreen": null, "onset": "1. A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army. Milton. The onset and retire Of both your armies. Shak. Who on that day the word of onset gave. Wordsworth. 2. A setting about; a beginning. [Obs.] Shak. There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon. 3. Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful appendage. [Obs.] Johnson.\n\n1. To assault; to set upon. [Obs.] 2. To set about; to begin. [Obs.] Carew.", "onsets": "1. A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army. Milton. The onset and retire Of both your armies. Shak. Who on that day the word of onset gave. Wordsworth. 2. A setting about; a beginning. [Obs.] Shak. There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon. 3. Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful appendage. [Obs.] Johnson.\n\n1. To assault; to set upon. [Obs.] 2. To set about; to begin. [Obs.] Carew.", @@ -53140,9 +46213,6 @@ "onslaught": "1. An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or assault. By storm and onslaught to proceed. Hudibras. 2. A bloody fray or battle. [Scot.] Jamieson.", "onslaughts": "1. An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or assault. By storm and onslaught to proceed. Hudibras. 2. A bloody fray or battle. [Scot.] Jamieson.", "onstage": null, - "ont": null, - "ontarian": null, - "ontario": null, "onto": "On the top of; upon; on. See On to, under On, prep.", "ontogeny": "The history of the individual development of an organism; the history of the evolution of the germ; the development of an individual organism, -- in distinction from phylogeny, or evolution of the tribe. Called also henogenesis, henogeny.", "ontological": "Of or pertaining to ontology.", @@ -53159,7 +46229,6 @@ "oohs": null, "oomph": null, "oops": "To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite. [Scot.] Jamieson.", - "oort": null, "ooze": "1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield to pressure. \"My son i' the ooze is bedded.\" Shak. 2. Soft flow; spring. Prior. 3. The liquor of a tan vat.\n\n1. To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance or through small openings. The latent rill, scare oozing through the grass. Thomson. 2. Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; as, the secret oozed out; his courage oozed out.\n\nTo cause to ooze. Alex. Smith.", "oozed": null, "oozes": "1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield to pressure. \"My son i' the ooze is bedded.\" Shak. 2. Soft flow; spring. Prior. 3. The liquor of a tan vat.\n\n1. To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance or through small openings. The latent rill, scare oozing through the grass. Thomson. 2. Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; as, the secret oozed out; his courage oozed out.\n\nTo cause to ooze. Alex. Smith.", @@ -53184,9 +46253,7 @@ "opcode": null, "opcodes": null, "ope": "Open. [Poetic] Spenser. On Sunday heaven's gate stands ope. Herbert.\n\nTo open. [Poetic] Wilt thou not ope thy heart to know What rainbows teach and sunsets show Emerson.", - "opec": null, "oped": null, - "opel": null, "open": "1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead. Through the gate, Wide open and unquarded, Satan passed. Milton Note: Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears open. His ears are open unto their cry. Ps. xxxiv. 15. 2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed. If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies. Acts xix. 33. The service that I truly did his life, Hath left me open to all injuries. Shak. 3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea. 4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect. Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight. Dryden. 5. Hence: (a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression of thought and feeling, etc. With aspect open, shall erect his head. Pope. The Moor is of a free and open nature. Shak. The French are always open, familiar, and talkative. Addison. (b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt. His thefts are too open. Shak. That I may find him, and with secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton. 6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter. Bacon. 7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open. 8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement. 9. (Phon.) (a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; -- said of vowels; as, the än fär is open as compared with the a in say. (b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure, as in uttering s. 10. (Mus.) (a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length. (b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone. The open air, the air out of doors. -- Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain. -- Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or Ant: closed circuit. -- Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. Close communion, under Close, a. -- Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end. -- Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the orillon. -- Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a forehearth. -- Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely dispersed, or separated by wide intervals. -- Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under Hawse. -- Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory furnace. -- Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing steel. -- Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called the Siemens-Martin process, from the inventors. -- Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also called Siemens-Martin steel. -- Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow. -- Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an octave higher than a closed pipe of the same length. -- Open-timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the constructional parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like. -- Open vowel or consonant. See Open, a., 9. Note: Open is used in many compounds, most of which are self- explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded. Syn. -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling; artless. See Candid, and Ingenuous.\n\nOpen or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water. \"To sail into the open.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ). Then we got into the open. W. Black. In open, in full view; without concealment; openly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter. And all the windows of my heart I open to the day. Whittier. 2. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand. 3. To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain. The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death. Bacon. Unto thee have I opened my cause. Jer. xx. 12. While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke xxiv. 32. 4. To make known; to discover; also, to render available or accessible for settlements, trade, etc. The English did adventure far for to open the North parts of America. Abp. Abbot. 5. To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting. 6. To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers. To open one's mouth, to speak. -- To open up, to lay open; to discover; to disclose. Poetry that had opened up so many delightful views into the character and condition of our \"bold peasantry, their country's pride.\" Prof. Wilson.\n\n1. To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be parted. The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. cvi. 17. 2. To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; as, the harbor opened to our view. 3. To begin; to commence; as, the stock opened at par; the battery opened upon the enemy. 4. (Sporting) To bark on scent or view of the game.", "opencast": null, "opened": null, @@ -53200,7 +46267,6 @@ "openings": "1. The act or process of opening; a beginning; commencement; first appearance; as, the opening of a speech. The opening of your glory was like that of light. Dryden. 2. A place which is open; a breach; an aperture; a gap; cleft, or hole. We saw him at the opening of his tent. Shak. 3. Hence: A vacant place; an opportunity; as, an opening for business. [Colloq.] Dickens. 4. A thinly wooded space, without undergrowth, in the midst of a forest; as, oak openings. [U.S.] Cooper.", "openly": "1. In an open manner; publicly; not in private; without secrecy. How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness! Tillotson. 2. Without reserve or disguise; plainly; evidently. My love . . . shall show itself more openly. Shak.", "openness": "The quality or state of being open.", - "openoffice": null, "opens": "1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead. Through the gate, Wide open and unquarded, Satan passed. Milton Note: Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears open. His ears are open unto their cry. Ps. xxxiv. 15. 2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed. If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies. Acts xix. 33. The service that I truly did his life, Hath left me open to all injuries. Shak. 3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea. 4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect. Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight. Dryden. 5. Hence: (a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression of thought and feeling, etc. With aspect open, shall erect his head. Pope. The Moor is of a free and open nature. Shak. The French are always open, familiar, and talkative. Addison. (b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt. His thefts are too open. Shak. That I may find him, and with secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton. 6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter. Bacon. 7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open. 8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement. 9. (Phon.) (a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; -- said of vowels; as, the än fär is open as compared with the a in say. (b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure, as in uttering s. 10. (Mus.) (a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length. (b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone. The open air, the air out of doors. -- Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain. -- Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or Ant: closed circuit. -- Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. Close communion, under Close, a. -- Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end. -- Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the orillon. -- Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a forehearth. -- Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely dispersed, or separated by wide intervals. -- Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under Hawse. -- Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory furnace. -- Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing steel. -- Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called the Siemens-Martin process, from the inventors. -- Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also called Siemens-Martin steel. -- Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow. -- Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an octave higher than a closed pipe of the same length. -- Open-timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the constructional parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like. -- Open vowel or consonant. See Open, a., 9. Note: Open is used in many compounds, most of which are self- explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded. Syn. -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling; artless. See Candid, and Ingenuous.\n\nOpen or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water. \"To sail into the open.\" Jowett (Thucyd. ). Then we got into the open. W. Black. In open, in full view; without concealment; openly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.\n\n1. To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter. And all the windows of my heart I open to the day. Whittier. 2. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand. 3. To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain. The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death. Bacon. Unto thee have I opened my cause. Jer. xx. 12. While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke xxiv. 32. 4. To make known; to discover; also, to render available or accessible for settlements, trade, etc. The English did adventure far for to open the North parts of America. Abp. Abbot. 5. To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting. 6. To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers. To open one's mouth, to speak. -- To open up, to lay open; to discover; to disclose. Poetry that had opened up so many delightful views into the character and condition of our \"bold peasantry, their country's pride.\" Prof. Wilson.\n\n1. To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be parted. The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. cvi. 17. 2. To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; as, the harbor opened to our view. 3. To begin; to commence; as, the stock opened at par; the battery opened upon the enemy. 4. (Sporting) To bark on scent or view of the game.", "openwork": "1. Anything so constructed or manufactured (in needlework, carpentry, metal work, etc.) as to show openings through its substance; work that is perforated or pierced. 2. (Mining) A quarry; an open cut. Raymond.", "opera": "1. A drama, either tragic or comic, of which music forms an essential part; a drama wholly or mostly sung, consisting of recitative, arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc., with orchestral accompaniment, preludes, and interludes, together with appropriate costumes, scenery, and action; a lyric drama. 2. The score of a musical drama, either written or in print; a play set to music. 3. The house where operas are exhibited. Opéra bouffe Etym: [F. opéra opera + bouffe comic, It.buffo], Opera buffa Etym: [It.], light, farcical, burlesque opera. -- Opera box, a partially inclosed portion of the auditorium of an opera house for the use of a small private party. -- Opéra comique Etym: [F.], comic or humorous opera. -- Opera flannel, a light flannel, highly finished. Knight. -- Opera girl (Bot.), an East Indian plant (Mantisia saltatoria) of the Ginger family, sometimes seen in hothouses. It has curious flowers which have some resemblance to a ballet dancer, whence the popular name. Called also dancing girls. -- Opera glass, a short telescope with concave eye lenses of low power, usually made double, that is, with a tube and set of glasses for each eye; a lorgnette; -- so called because adapted for use at the opera, theater, etc. -- Opera hat, a gentleman's folding hat. -- Opera house, specifically, a theater devoted to the performance of operas. -- Opera seria Etym: [It.], serious or tragic opera; grand opera.", @@ -53225,8 +46291,6 @@ "operetta": "A short, light, musical drama.", "operettas": "A short, light, musical drama.", "opes": "Open. [Poetic] Spenser. On Sunday heaven's gate stands ope. Herbert.\n\nTo open. [Poetic] Wilt thou not ope thy heart to know What rainbows teach and sunsets show Emerson.", - "ophelia": null, - "ophiuchus": "A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, delineated as a man holding a serpent in his hands; -- called also Serpentarius.", "ophthalmic": "Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the eye; ocular; as the ophthalmic, or orbitonasal, nerve, a division of the trigeminal, which gives branches to the lachrymal gland, eyelids, nose, and forehead. Ophthalmic region (Zoöl.), the space around the eyes.", "ophthalmologist": "One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist.", "ophthalmologists": "One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist.", @@ -53247,7 +46311,6 @@ "opossum": "Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and Chironectes. The common species of the United States is Didelphys Virginiana. Note: Several related species are found in South America. The water opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus), which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called also yapock. Opossum mouse. (Zoöl.) See Flying mouse, under Flying. -- Opossum shrimp (Zoöl.), any schizopod crustacean of the genus Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda.", "opossums": "Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and Chironectes. The common species of the United States is Didelphys Virginiana. Note: Several related species are found in South America. The water opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus), which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called also yapock. Opossum mouse. (Zoöl.) See Flying mouse, under Flying. -- Opossum shrimp (Zoöl.), any schizopod crustacean of the genus Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda.", "opp": null, - "oppenheimer": null, "opponent": "Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse; antagonistic. Pope.\n\n1. One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe. Macaulay. 2. One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or proposition, in distinction from the respondent, or defendant, who maintains it. How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably commit the opponent with the respondent, like a long-practiced moderator! Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See Adversary.", "opponents": "Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse; antagonistic. Pope.\n\n1. One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe. Macaulay. 2. One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or proposition, in distinction from the respondent, or defendant, who maintains it. How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably commit the opponent with the respondent, like a long-practiced moderator! Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See Adversary.", "opportune": "Convenient; ready; hence, seasonable; timely. Milton. This is most opportune to our need. Shak. -- Op`por*tune\"ly, adv. -- Op`por*tune\"ness, n.\n\nTo suit. [Obs.] Dr. Clerke(1637).", @@ -53281,7 +46344,6 @@ "opprobrious": "1. Expressive of opprobrium; attaching disgrace; reproachful; scurrilous; as, opprobrious language. They . . . vindicate themselves in terms no less opprobrious than those by which they are attacked. Addison. 2. Infamous; despised; rendered hateful; as, an opprobrious name. This dark, opprobrious den of shame. Milton. -- Op*pro\"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Op*pro\"bri*ous*ness, n.", "opprobriously": null, "opprobrium": "Disgrace; infamy; reproach mingled with contempt; abusive language. Being both dramatic author and dramatic performer, he found himself heir to a twofold opprobrium. De Quincey.", - "oprah": null, "ops": null, "opt": null, "opted": null, @@ -53326,7 +46388,6 @@ "opus": "A work; specif. (Mus.), a musical composition. Note: Each composition, or set of pieces, as the composer may choose, is called an opus, and they are numbered in the order of their issue. (Often abbrev. to op.) Opus incertum. Etym: [L.] (Arch.) See under Incertum.", "opuses": null, "or": "A particle that marks an alternative; as, you may read or may write, -- that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to either. You may ride either to London or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either; as, he may study law, or medicine, or divinity, or he may enter into trade. If man's convenience, health, Or safety interfere, his rights and claims Are paramount. Cowper. Note: Or may be used to join as alternatives terms expressing unlike things or ideas (as, is the orange sour or sweet), or different terms expressing the same thing or idea; as, this is a sphere, or globe. Note: Or sometimes begins a sentence. In this case it expresses an alternative or subjoins a clause differing from the foregoing. \"Or what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone\" Matt. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ). Or for either is archaic or poetic. Maugre thine heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or beg, or borrow thy dispence. Chaucer.\n\nEre; before; sooner than. [Obs.] But natheless, while I have time and space, Or that I forther in this tale pace. Chaucer. Or ever, Or ere. See under Ever, and Ere.\n\nYellow or gold color, -- represented in drawing or engraving by small dots.", - "ora": "A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, valued, in the Domesday Book, at twenty pence sterling.", "oracle": "1. The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle. Whatso'er she saith, for oracles must stand. Drayton. 2. Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the place where it was given. The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving. Milton. 3. The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the plural. The first principles of the oracles of God. Heb. v. 12. 4. (Jewish Antiq.) The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself. 1 Kings vi. 19. Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God. Milton. 5. One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet. God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final will. Milton. 6. Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle. \"Oracles of mode.\" Tennyson. The country rectors . . . thought him an oracle on points of learning. Macaulay. 7. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.\n\nTo utter oracles. [Obs.]", "oracles": "1. The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle. Whatso'er she saith, for oracles must stand. Drayton. 2. Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the place where it was given. The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving. Milton. 3. The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the plural. The first principles of the oracles of God. Heb. v. 12. 4. (Jewish Antiq.) The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself. 1 Kings vi. 19. Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God. Milton. 5. One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet. God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final will. Milton. 6. Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle. \"Oracles of mode.\" Tennyson. The country rectors . . . thought him an oracle on points of learning. Macaulay. 7. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.\n\nTo utter oracles. [Obs.]", "oracular": "1. Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the future; as, an oracular tongue. 2. Resembling an oracle in some way, as in solemnity, wisdom, authority, obscurity, ambiguity, dogmatism. They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity and shortness in the expression. Pope. -- O*rac\"u*lar*ly, adv. -- O*rac\"u*lar*ness, n.", @@ -53334,7 +46395,6 @@ "orality": null, "orally": "1. In an oral manner. Tillotson. 2. By, with, or in, the mouth; as, to receive the sacrament orally. [Obs.] Usher.", "orals": "1. Uttered by the mouth, or in words; spoken, not written; verbal; as, oral traditions; oral testimony; oral law. 2. Of or pertaining to the mouth; surrounding or lining the mouth; as, oral cilia or cirri.", - "oran": null, "orange": "1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (C. Aurantium). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow when ripe. Note: There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the bitter orange, which is supposed to be the original stock; the navel orange, which has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned orange, in which the carpels are partly separated. 2. (Bot.) The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree. 3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow. Mandarin orange. See Mandarin. -- Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms. -- Native orange, or Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow berries. -- Orange bird (Zoöl.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena); -- so called from its bright orange breast. -- Orange cowry (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypræa aurantia), highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity. -- Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant (Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow flowers. -- Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the flowers. -- Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea. -- Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor. -- Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito. -- Orange scale (Zoöl.) any species of scale insects which infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale (Mytilaspis citricola), the long scale (M. Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii).\n\nOf or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon.", "orangeade": "A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to lemonade; orange sherbet.", "orangeades": "A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to lemonade; orange sherbet.", @@ -53344,7 +46404,6 @@ "oranges": "1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (C. Aurantium). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow when ripe. Note: There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the bitter orange, which is supposed to be the original stock; the navel orange, which has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned orange, in which the carpels are partly separated. 2. (Bot.) The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree. 3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow. Mandarin orange. See Mandarin. -- Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms. -- Native orange, or Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow berries. -- Orange bird (Zoöl.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena); -- so called from its bright orange breast. -- Orange cowry (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypræa aurantia), highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity. -- Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant (Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow flowers. -- Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the flowers. -- Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea. -- Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor. -- Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito. -- Orange scale (Zoöl.) any species of scale insects which infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale (Mytilaspis citricola), the long scale (M. Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii).\n\nOf or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon.", "orangutan": null, "orangutans": null, - "oranjestad": null, "orate": null, "orated": null, "orates": null, @@ -53361,7 +46420,6 @@ "oratory": "A place of orisons, or prayer; especially, a chapel or small room set apart for private devotions. An oratory [temple] . . . in worship of Dian. Chaucer. Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good oratory, or place to pray in. Jer. Taylor. Fathers of the Oratory (R. C. Ch.), a society of priests founded by St. Philip Neri, living in community, and not bound by a special vow. The members are called also oratorians.\n\nThe art of an orator; the art of public speaking in an eloquent or effective manner; the exercise of rhetorical skill in oral discourse; eloquence. \"The oratory of Greece and Rome.\" Milton. When a world of men Could not prevail with all their oratory. Shak.", "orb": "A blank window or panel. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.\n\n1. A spherical body; a globe; especially, one of the celestial spheres; a sun, planet, or star. In the small orb of one particular tear. Shak. Whether the prime orb, Incredible how swift, had thither rolled. Milton. 2. One of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be inclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions. 3. A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit. The schoolmen were like astronomers, which did feign eccentrics, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon. You seem to me as Dian in her orb. Shak. In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood, Orb within orb. Milton. 4. A period of time marked off by the revolution of a heavenly body. [R.] Milton. 5. The eye, as luminous and spherical. [Poetic] A drop serene hath quenched their orbs. Milton. 6. A revolving circular body; a wheel. [Poetic] The orbs Of his fierce chariot rolled. Milton. 7. A sphere of action. [R.] Wordsworth. But in our orbs we'll live so round and safe. Shak 8. Same as Mound, a ball or globe. See lst Mound. 9. (Mil.) A body of soldiers drawn up in a circle, as for defense, esp. infantry to repel cavalry. Syn. -- Globe; ball; sphere. See Globe.\n\n1. To form into an orb or circle. [Poetic] Milton. Lowell. 2. To encircle; to surround; to inclose. [Poetic] The wheels were orbed with gold. Addison.\n\nTo become round like an orb. [Poetic] And orb into the perfect star. Tennyson.", "orbicular": "Resembling or having the form of an orb; spherical; circular; orbiculate. -- Or*bic\"u*lar*ly, adv. -- Or*bic\"u*lar*ness, n. Orbicular as the disk of a planet. De Quincey.", - "orbison": null, "orbit": "1. (Astron.) The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon. 2. An orb or ball. [Rare & Improper] Roll the lucid orbit of an eye. Young. 3. (Anat.) The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. 4. (Zoöl.) The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.", "orbital": "Of or pertaining to an orbit. \"Orbital revolution.\" J. D. Forbes. Orbital index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100.", "orbitals": "Of or pertaining to an orbit. \"Orbital revolution.\" J. D. Forbes. Orbital index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100.", @@ -53414,18 +46472,10 @@ "ordination": "1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc. The holy and wise ordination of God. Jer. Taylor. Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris. 2. (Eccl.) The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders. 3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.] Angle of ordination (Geom.), the angle between the axes of coördinates.", "ordinations": "1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc. The holy and wise ordination of God. Jer. Taylor. Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris. 2. (Eccl.) The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders. 3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.] Angle of ordination (Geom.), the angle between the axes of coördinates.", "ordnance": "Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and appliances used in war. All the battlements their ordnance fire. Shak. Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's] rifled ordnance. E. Ererett. Ordnance survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, conducted by the ordnance department.", - "ordovician": "Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation, corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors, exclusive of the Cambrian. -- n. The Ordovician formation.", "ordure": "1. Dung; excrement; fæces. Shak. 2. Defect; imperfection; fault. [Obs.] Holland.", "ore": "Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called mineralizers). 2. (Mining) A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless. 3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton. Ore hearth, a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth. Raymond.", - "oreg": null, "oregano": null, - "oregon": null, - "oregonian": null, - "oregonians": null, - "orem": null, - "oreo": null, "ores": "Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called mineralizers). 2. (Mining) A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless. 3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton. Ore hearth, a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth. Raymond.", - "orestes": null, "org": null, "organ": "1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is performed, or an important end accomplished; as, legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are organs of government. 2. (Biol.) A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are organs of plants. Note: In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a system. See System. 3. A component part performing an essential office in the working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine. 4. A medium of communication between one person or body and another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc. 5. Etym: [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.) A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ. The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. Pope. Note: Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural. The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon [go]. Barrel organ, Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under Barrel, Choir, etc. -- Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ. -- Organ bird (Zoöl.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out of tune. -- Organ fish (Zoöl.), the drumfish. -- Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue (b). -- Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and power. -- Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under Ear. -- Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1. -- Organ-pipe coral. (Zoöl.) See Tubipora. -- Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move.\n\nTo supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize. [Obs.] Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions. Bp. Mannyngham.", "organdy": "A kind of transparent light muslin.", @@ -53461,7 +46511,6 @@ "oriels": "1. A gallery for minstrels. [Obs.] W. Hamper. 2. A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were accustomed to dine; a sort of recess. [Obs.] Cowell. 3. (Arch.) A bay window. See Bay window. The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven glass. Tennyson. Note: There is no generally admitted difference between a bay window and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also, to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the ground.", "orient": "1. Rising, as the sun. Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun. Milton. 2. Eastern; oriental. \"The orient part.\" Hakluyt. 3. Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found in the East. \"Pearls round and orient.\" Jer. Taylor. \"Orient gems.\" Wordsworth. \"Orient liquor in a crystal glass.\" Milton.\n\n1. The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning; the east. [Morn] came furrowing all the orient into gold. Tennyson. 2. The countries of Asia or the East. Chaucer. Best built city throughout the Orient. Sir T. Herbert. 3. A pearl of great luster. [R.] Carlyle.\n\n1. To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east; hence, to ascertain the bearings of. 2. Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to arrange in order; to orientate.", "oriental": "Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries. The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic. 2. pl. (Eccl.) Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.", - "orientalism": "1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to Oriental people. 2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc. London Quart. Rev.", "orientalist": "1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental. 2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore.", "orientalists": "1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental. 2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore.", "orientals": "Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries. The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic. 2. pl. (Eccl.) Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.", @@ -53492,21 +46541,10 @@ "originator": "One who originates.", "originators": "One who originates.", "origins": "1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth. This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry. Burke. 2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion. 3. (Anat.) The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion. Origin of coördinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note under Ordinate. Syn. -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation. -- Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of most of the calamities of our race. I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs. Tooke. Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought. Waller.", - "orin": null, - "orinoco": null, "oriole": "(a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolidæ. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icteridæ. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zoöl.) See Cassican.", "orioles": "(a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolidæ. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icteridæ. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zoöl.) See Cassican.", - "orion": "A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye. The flaming glories of Orion's belt. E. Everett.", "orison": "A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak. Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid. Milton.", "orisons": "A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak. Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid. Milton.", - "oriya": null, - "orizaba": null, - "orkney": null, - "orlando": null, - "orleans": "1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel. 2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.]", - "orlon": null, - "orlons": null, - "orly": null, "ormolu": "A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.", "ornament": "That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment. The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4. Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and ornaments. Tennyson.\n\nTo adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a room, or a city. Syn. -- See Adorn.", "ornamental": "Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing. Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles. Sir T. Browne.", @@ -53534,12 +46572,8 @@ "orphaned": null, "orphaning": null, "orphans": "A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living. Orphans' court (Law), a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier.\n\nBereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.\n\nTo cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young.", - "orpheus": "The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.", - "orphic": "Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.", - "orr": null, "orris": "A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de- luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets. Orris pea (Med.), an issue pea made from orris root. -- Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris.\n\n1. Etym: [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.] A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson. 2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.", "orrises": null, - "ortega": null, "orthodontia": null, "orthodontic": null, "orthodontics": null, @@ -53558,22 +46592,7 @@ "orthopedics": "Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the human body at any age; as, orthopedic surgery; an orthopedic hospital.", "orthopedist": "One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children.", "orthopedists": "One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children.", - "ortiz": null, - "orval": "A kind of sage (Salvia Horminum).", - "orville": null, - "orwell": null, - "orwellian": null, "orzo": null, - "os": "A bone.\n\nA mouth; an opening; an entrance.\n\nOne of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc., supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and the eschars of Ireland. See Eschar.", - "osage": null, - "osages": "A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian Territory.", - "osaka": null, - "osbert": null, - "osborn": null, - "osborne": null, - "oscar": null, - "oscars": null, - "osceola": null, "oscillate": "1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway. 2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth. The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits. Dc Quincey.", "oscillated": null, "oscillates": "1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway. 2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth. The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits. Dc Quincey.", @@ -53591,16 +46610,8 @@ "osculating": null, "osculation": "1. The act of kissing; a kiss. 2. (Geom.) The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande & C.", "osculations": "1. The act of kissing; a kiss. 2. (Geom.) The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande & C.", - "oses": null, - "osgood": null, - "osha": null, - "oshawa": null, - "oshkosh": null, "osier": "(a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. (b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants. The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream. Shak. Osier bed, or Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket making. [Eng.] -- Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs (Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has slender red branches; -- also called osier cornel.\n\nMade of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. \"This osier cage of ours.\" Shak.", "osiers": "(a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. (b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants. The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream. Shak. Osier bed, or Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket making. [Eng.] -- Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs (Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has slender red branches; -- also called osier cornel.\n\nMade of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. \"This osier cage of ours.\" Shak.", - "osiris": "One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called Apis. Cf. Serapis. -- O*sir\"i*an, a.", - "oslo": null, - "osman": null, "osmium": "A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477.", "osmosis": "Osmose.", "osmotic": "Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; as, osmotic force.", @@ -53632,36 +46643,20 @@ "ostracizing": null, "ostrich": "A large bird of the genus Struthio, of which Struthio camelus of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male is about eight feet high. Note: The South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and the Asiatic ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable white plumes. Ostrich farm, a farm on which ostriches are bred for the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc. -- Ostrich farming, the occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers, etc. -- Ostrich fern (Bot.) a kind of fern (Onoclea Struthiopteris), the tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found in alluvial soil in Europe and North America.", "ostriches": null, - "ostrogoth": "One of the Eastern Goths. See Goth.", - "ostwald": null, - "osvaldo": null, - "oswald": null, - "ot": null, - "otb": null, - "otc": null, - "othello": null, "other": "Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as either . . . or are now used). [Obs.] Other of chalk, other of glass. Chaucer.\n\n1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two. Each of them made other for to win. Chaucer. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39. 2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a river. 3. Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day. 4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.] A distaff in her other hand she had. Spenser. Note: Other is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc. The one shall be taken, and the other left. Matt. xxiv. 4 And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8. It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood. To write this, or to design the other. Dryden. It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person, in which case it may have a plural. The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. 10. If he is trimming, others are true. Thackeray. Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener by than. No other but such a one as he. Coleridge. Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us. Is. xxvi. 13. For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid. 1 Cor. iii. 11. The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a preparation for this very hour. Hawthorne. Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] -- The other day, at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past. Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday No, nor t' other day. B. Jonson.\n\nOtherwise. \"It shall none other be.\" Chaucer. \"If you think other.\" Shak.", "otherness": "The quality or state of being other or different; alterity; oppositeness.", "others": "Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as either . . . or are now used). [Obs.] Other of chalk, other of glass. Chaucer.\n\n1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two. Each of them made other for to win. Chaucer. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39. 2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a river. 3. Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day. 4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.] A distaff in her other hand she had. Spenser. Note: Other is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc. The one shall be taken, and the other left. Matt. xxiv. 4 And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8. It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood. To write this, or to design the other. Dryden. It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person, in which case it may have a plural. The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. 10. If he is trimming, others are true. Thackeray. Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener by than. No other but such a one as he. Coleridge. Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us. Is. xxvi. 13. For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid. 1 Cor. iii. 11. The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a preparation for this very hour. Hawthorne. Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] -- The other day, at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past. Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday No, nor t' other day. B. Jonson.\n\nOtherwise. \"It shall none other be.\" Chaucer. \"If you think other.\" Shak.", "otherwise": "1. In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways; differently; contrarily. Chaucer. Thy father was a worthy prince, And merited, alas! a better fate; But Heaven thought otherwise. Addison. 2. In other respects. It is said, truly, that the best men otherwise are not always the best in regard of society. Hooker. 3. In different circumstances; under other conditions; as, I am engaged, otherwise I would accept. Note: Otherwise, like so and thus, may be used as a substitute for the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc. Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me. 2 Cor. xi. 16. Her eyebrows . . . rather full than otherwise. Fielding.", "otherworldly": null, "otiose": "Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle. \"Otiose assent.\" Paley. The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that otiose and unAlford.", - "otis": "A genus of birds including the bustards.", - "otoh": null, - "ottawa": null, - "ottawas": "A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore of Lake Superior.", "otter": "1. (Zoöl.) Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris; the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South America and Asia. 2. (Zoöl.) The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines. Otter hound, Otter dog (Zoöl.), a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters. -- Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon. -- Otter shell (Zoöl.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizothærus Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians. -- Sea otter. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.\n\nA corruption of Annotto.", "otters": "1. (Zoöl.) Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris; the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South America and Asia. 2. (Zoöl.) The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines. Otter hound, Otter dog (Zoöl.), a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters. -- Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon. -- Otter shell (Zoöl.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizothærus Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians. -- Sea otter. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.\n\nA corruption of Annotto.", - "otto": "See Attar.", "ottoman": "Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire.\n\n1. A Turk. 2. Etym: [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.] A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.", "ottomans": "Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire.\n\n1. A Turk. 2. Etym: [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.] A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.", - "ouagadougou": null, "oubliette": "A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall. Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he Gone. Mrs. Browning.", "oubliettes": "A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall. Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he Gone. Mrs. Browning.", "ouch": "A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or ornament worn on the person. A precious stone in a rich ouche. Sir T. Elyot. Your brooches, pearls, and ouches. Shak.", "ought": "See Aught.\n\n1. Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Obs.] This due obedience which they ought to the king. Tyndale. The love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman. [He] said . . . you ought him a thousand pound. Shak. 2. Owned; possessed. [Obs.] The knight the which that castle ought. Spenser. 3. To be bound in duty or by moral obligation. We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. Rom. xv. 1. 4. To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; -- in this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject expressed. \"Well ought us work.\" Chaucer. To speak of this as it ought, would ask a volume. Milton. Ought not Christ to have suffered these things Luke xxiv. 26. Note: Ought is now chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the action or state indicated by the principal verb. Syn. -- Ought, Should. Both words imply obligation, but ought is the stronger. Should may imply merely an obligation of propriety, expendiency, etc.; ought denotes an obligation of duty.", - "ouija": null, - "ouijas": null, "ounce": "1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437 2. (Troy Weight) The twelfth part of a troy pound. Note: The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty- four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight. [Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.] 3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.] By ounces hung his locks that he had. Chaucer. Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n.\n\nA feline quadruped (Felis irbis, or uncia) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also once.", "ounces": "1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437 2. (Troy Weight) The twelfth part of a troy pound. Note: The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty- four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight. [Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.] 3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.] By ounces hung his locks that he had. Chaucer. Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n.\n\nA feline quadruped (Felis irbis, or uncia) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also once.", "our": "Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; as, our country; our rights; our troops; our endeavors. See I. The Lord is our defense. Ps. lxxxix. 18. Note: When the noun is not expressed, ours is used in the same way as hers for her, yours for your, etc.; as, whose house is that It is ours. Our wills are ours, we known not how. Tennyson.", @@ -54548,7 +47543,6 @@ "overwrote": null, "overwrought": "Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.", "overzealous": "Too zealous.", - "ovid": null, "oviduct": "A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.", "oviducts": "A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.", "oviparous": "Producing young from rggs; as, an oviparous animal, in which the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after exclusion; -- opposed to viviparous.", @@ -54566,9 +47560,6 @@ "ow": null, "owe": "1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.] Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not. Shak. 2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his victoty to his lieutenants. Milton. O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree. Pope. 3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate. The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty. Bible (1551). A son owes help and honor to his father. Holyday. Note: Owe was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. \"Ye owen to incline and bow your heart.\" Chaucer. 4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services.", "owed": null, - "owen": "Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "owens": "Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "owensboro": null, "owes": "1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.] Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not. Shak. 2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his victoty to his lieutenants. Milton. O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree. Pope. 3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate. The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty. Bible (1551). A son owes help and honor to his father. Holyday. Note: Owe was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. \"Ye owen to incline and bow your heart.\" Chaucer. 4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services.", "owing": "1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due. There is more owing her than is paid. Shak. 2. Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.; ascribable; -- with to; as, misfortunes are often owing to vices; his failure was owing to speculations.", "owl": "1. (Zoöl.) Any cpecies of raptorial birds of the family Strigidæ. They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits. Note: Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech owl, Snowy owl, under BarnBurrowing, etc. Note: In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill omen. . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give it an air of wisdom. Am. Cyc. 2. (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic pigeon. Owl monkey (Zoöl.), any one of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus Nyctipithecus. They have very large eyes. Called also durukuli. -- Owl moth ( (Zoöl.), a very large moth (Erebus strix). The expanse of its wings is over ten inches. -- Owl parrot (Zoöl.), the kakapo. -- Sea owl (Zoöl.), the lumpfish. -- Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime.\n\n1. To pry about; to prowl. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To carry wool or sheep out of England. [Obs.] Note: This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night. 3. Hence, to carry on any contraband trade. [Eng.]", @@ -54608,13 +47599,9 @@ "oxidizers": "An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers.", "oxidizes": "To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride. Note: In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.", "oxidizing": null, - "oxnard": null, - "oxonian": "Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay.\n\nA student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.", "oxtail": null, "oxtails": null, - "oxus": null, "oxyacetylene": null, - "oxycontin": null, "oxygen": "1. (Chem.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96. Note: It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature. 2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]", "oxygenate": "To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).", "oxygenated": null, @@ -54626,19 +47613,11 @@ "oyster": "1. (Zoöl.) Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species. 2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl. Fresh-water oyster (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Etheria, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels. -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See lst Scalp, n. -- Oyster catcher (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wading birds of the genus Hæmatopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (H. Bachmani) are the best known. -- Oyster crab (Zoöl.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster. -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea. -- Oyster fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish. -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T. porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters. -- Oyster plover. (Zoöl.) Same as Oyster catcher, above. -- Oyster shell (Zoöl.), the shell of an oyster. -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in oysters. -- Pearl oyster. (Zoöl.) See under Pearl. -- Thorny oyster (Zoöl.), any spiny marine shell of the genus Spondylus.", "oysters": "1. (Zoöl.) Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species. 2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl. Fresh-water oyster (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Etheria, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels. -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See lst Scalp, n. -- Oyster catcher (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wading birds of the genus Hæmatopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (H. Bachmani) are the best known. -- Oyster crab (Zoöl.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster. -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea. -- Oyster fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish. -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T. porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters. -- Oyster plover. (Zoöl.) Same as Oyster catcher, above. -- Oyster shell (Zoöl.), the shell of an oyster. -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in oysters. -- Pearl oyster. (Zoöl.) See under Pearl. -- Thorny oyster (Zoöl.), any spiny marine shell of the genus Spondylus.", "oz": null, - "ozark": null, - "ozarks": null, "ozone": "A colorless gaseous substance (O", - "ozymandias": null, - "ozzie": null, "p": "the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Phonician, its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father, paternal; recipient, receive. See B, F, and M. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 247, 248, and 184-195.", "pa": "A shortened form of Papa.", - "paar": null, - "pablo": null, "pablum": null, - "pabst": null, "pabulum": "The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment; hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; as, intellectual pabulum.", - "pac": "A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up and sewed to the upper. Knight.", "pace": null, "paced": null, "pacemaker": null, @@ -54649,7 +47628,6 @@ "pacesetter": null, "pacesetters": null, "pacey": null, - "pacheco": null, "pachyderm": "One of the Pachydermata.", "pachyderms": "One of the Pachydermata.", "pachysandra": null, @@ -54670,7 +47648,6 @@ "pacify": "To make to be at peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man when angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or importunity. \"Pray ye, pacify yourself.\" Shak. To pacify and settle those countries. Bacon.", "pacifying": null, "pacing": null, - "pacino": null, "pack": "1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack fish. Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. Addison. Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. Shak. 2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play, or the audience, packs the theater. 3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly. And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope. 4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes. The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of Italian bishops. Atterbury. 5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.] He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies. Fuller. 6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a horse. Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. Shack. 7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off to school. He . . . must not die Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. Shak. 8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.] 9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack, n., 5. 10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the piston of a steam engine.\n\n1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation. 2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well. 3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to pack. [Eng.] 4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away. Poor Stella must pack off to town Swift. You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson. 5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] \"Go pack with him.\" Shak. To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. \"The parliament . . . presently sent him packing. South.", "package": "1. Act or process of packing. 2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods. 3. A charge made for packing goods. 4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.", "packaged": null, @@ -54678,7 +47655,6 @@ "packagers": null, "packages": "1. Act or process of packing. 2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods. 3. A charge made for packing goods. 4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.", "packaging": null, - "packard": null, "packed": null, "packer": "A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.", "packers": "A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.", @@ -54694,7 +47670,6 @@ "pacts": "An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon. The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the constitution. Burke.", "pacy": null, "pad": "1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison An abbot on an ambling pad. Tennyson. 3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually called a footpad. Gay. Byron. 4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]\n\nTo travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.] Padding the streets for half a crown. Somerville.\n\n1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan. 2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather. 3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing. 2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper. 3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame. 4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising. 5. (Zoöl.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals. 6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant. 7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc. 8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck. W. C. Russel. 9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.] Simmonds. Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. -- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.\n\n1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding. 2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad cloth. Ure.", - "padang": null, "padded": null, "paddies": null, "padding": "1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing. 2. The material with which anything is padded. 3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc. London Sat. Rev. 4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.", @@ -54709,8 +47684,6 @@ "paddocking": null, "paddocks": "A toad or frog. Wyclif. \"Loathed paddocks.\" Spenser Paddock pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone. -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool.\n\n1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.] 2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable. Evelyn. Cowper.", "paddy": "Low; mean; boorish; vagabond. \"Such pady persons.\" Digges (1585). \"The paddy persons.\" Motley.\n\nA jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.\n\nUnhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. Paddy bird. (Zoöl.) See Java sparrow, under Java.", - "paderewski": null, - "padilla": null, "padlock": "1. A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc. 2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.\n\nTo fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.", "padlocked": null, "padlocking": null, @@ -54723,7 +47696,6 @@ "paella": null, "paellas": null, "pagan": "One who worships false goods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew. Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man. Shak. Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.\n\nOf or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or superstitions. And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden.", - "paganini": null, "paganism": "The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.", "pagans": "One who worships false goods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew. Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man. Shak. Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.\n\nOf or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or superstitions. And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden.", "page": "1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body. He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. Bacon. 2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground. 4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack. 5. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus Urania.\n\nTo attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript. Such was the book from whose pages she sang. Longfellow. 2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history. 3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page.\n\nTo mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with folios.", @@ -54742,19 +47714,15 @@ "paginating": null, "pagination": "The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.", "paging": "The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.", - "paglia": null, "pagoda": "1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower- like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship. 2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C. 3. Etym: [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.", "pagodas": "1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower- like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship. 2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C. 3. Etym: [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.", "pah": "An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah. Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination. Shak.\n\nA kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New Zealand.] Farrow.", - "pahlavi": null, "paid": "1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney. 2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] \"Paid of his poverty.\" Chaucer.", - "paige": null, "pail": "A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.", "pailful": "The quantity that a pail will hold. \"By pailfuls.\" Shak.", "pailfuls": "The quantity that a pail will hold. \"By pailfuls.\" Shak.", "pails": "A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.", "pain": "1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty. Chaucer. We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon. Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. Dryden. None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. Addison. 2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart. \"The pain of Jesus Christ.\" Chaucer. Note: Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve. 3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth. She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. 19. 4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish. Chaucer. In rapture as in pain. Keble. 5. See Pains, labor, effort. Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5). 2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him. Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. Lock 3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his parents. I am pained at mJer. iv. 19. To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.] \"She pained her to do all that she might.\" Chaucer. Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture.", - "paine": null, "pained": null, "painful": "1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing Addison. 2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a painful service; a painful march. 3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller. A very painful person, and a great clerk. Jer. Taylor. Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. Dryden. Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. -- Pain\"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain\"ful*ness, n.", "painfuller": null, @@ -54793,13 +47761,8 @@ "pairwise": null, "paisley": null, "paisleys": null, - "paiute": null, - "paiutes": null, "pajama": null, "pajamas": "Originally, in India, loose drawers or trousers, such as those worn, tied about the waist, by Mohammedan men and women; by extension, a similar garment adopted among Europeans, Americans, etc., for wear in the dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit consisting of drawers and a loose upper garment for such wear.\n\nA garment, similar to the Oriental pyjama (which see), adopted among Europeans, Americans, and other Occidentals, for wear in the dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit of drawers and blouse for such wear.", - "pakistan": null, - "pakistani": null, - "pakistanis": null, "pal": "A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang]", "palace": "1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer. 2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage. 3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house. Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.", "palaces": "1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer. 2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage. 3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house. Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.", @@ -54834,11 +47797,8 @@ "paleface": "A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.", "palefaces": "A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.", "palely": "In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily. Thackeray.", - "palembang": null, "paleness": "The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness. The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look. Pope.", "paleo": null, - "paleocene": null, - "paleogene": null, "paleographer": "One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.", "paleographers": "One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.", "paleography": "1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic paleography. 2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.", @@ -54846,21 +47806,13 @@ "paleontologist": "One versed in paleontology.", "paleontologists": "One versed in paleontology.", "paleontology": "The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life.", - "paleozoic": "Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological time during which life is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology.", "paler": null, - "palermo": null, "pales": "1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue. \"Pale as a forpined ghost.\" Chaucer. Speechless he stood and pale. Milton. They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph. 2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon. The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little paler. Shak. Note: Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc.\n\nPaleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.\n\nTo turn pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier. Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning.\n\nTo make pale; to diminish the brightness of. The glowpale his uneffectual fire. Shak.\n\n1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket. Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer. 2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade. \"Within one pale or hedge.\" Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. \"To walk the studious cloister's pale.\" Milton. \"Out of the pale of civilization.\" Macaulay. 4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer. 5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it. 6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds. 7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened. English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.\n\nTo inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off. [Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable and roaring waters. Shak.", "palest": null, - "palestine": null, - "palestinian": "Of or pertaining to Palestine.", - "palestinians": "Of or pertaining to Palestine.", - "palestrina": null, "palette": "1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments. [Written also pallet.] 2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt. 3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill. Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture. Fairholt.", "palettes": "1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments. [Written also pallet.] 2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt. 3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill. Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture. Fairholt.", - "paley": null, "palfrey": "1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer. 2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser. Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson.", "palfreys": "1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer. 2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser. Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson.", - "palikir": null, "palimony": null, "palimpsest": "A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.", "palimpsests": "A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.", @@ -54873,7 +47825,6 @@ "palisades": "1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such stakes set in the ground as a means of defense. 2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes. Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. -- Palisade worm (Zoöl.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often fatal.\n\nTo surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades.", "palish": "Somewhat pale or wan.", "pall": "Same as Pawl.\n\n1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle. His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. Spenser. 2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] Wyclif (Esther viii. 15). 3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium. About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into England, -- the one for London, the other for York. Fuller. 4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter Y. 5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb. Warriors carry the warrior's pall. Tennyson. 6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the chalice.\n\nTo cloak. [R.] Shak\n\nTo become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls. Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and palls upon the sense. Addisin.\n\n1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to weaken. Chaucer. Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury. 2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.\n\nNausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.", - "palladio": null, "palladium": "1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy. 2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights. Blackstone.\n\nA rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2.", "pallbearer": "One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.", "pallbearers": "One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.", @@ -54896,10 +47847,7 @@ "pally": null, "palm": "1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist. Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson. 2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height. Note: In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc. 3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc. 4. (Zoöl.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers. 5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.\n\n1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palmæ or Palmaceæ; a palm tree. Note: Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto. 2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing. A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii. 9. 3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy. \"The palm of martyrdom.\" Chaucer. So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. Shak. Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella lævis), having a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure. -- Palm crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (Elæis Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See Elæis. -- Palm swift (Zoöl.), a small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zoöl.), any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larvæ bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm toddy. -- Palm worm, or Palmworm. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of a palm weevil. (b) A centipede.\n\n1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior. 2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle. They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior. 3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; -- usually with off. For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden.", "palmate": "(Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.]\n\n1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread. 2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers. Gray. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain corals, antlers, etc.", - "palmdale": null, "palmed": "Having or bearing a palm or palms. Paimed deer (Zoöl.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.", - "palmer": "One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.\n\nA wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer. Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. P. Plowman. The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the palmer to all. T. Staveley.", - "palmerston": null, "palmetto": "A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the Chamærops, or Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage. Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.", "palmettos": "A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the Chamærops, or Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage. Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.", "palmier": null, @@ -54908,13 +47856,10 @@ "palmist": null, "palmistry": "1. The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper. 2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.", "palmists": null, - "palmolive": null, "palms": "1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist. Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson. 2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height. Note: In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc. 3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc. 4. (Zoöl.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers. 5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.\n\n1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palmæ or Palmaceæ; a palm tree. Note: Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto. 2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing. A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii. 9. 3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy. \"The palm of martyrdom.\" Chaucer. So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. Shak. Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella lævis), having a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure. -- Palm crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (Elæis Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See Elæis. -- Palm swift (Zoöl.), a small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zoöl.), any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larvæ bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm toddy. -- Palm worm, or Palmworm. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of a palm weevil. (b) A centipede.\n\n1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior. 2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle. They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior. 3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; -- usually with off. For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden.", "palmtop": null, "palmtops": null, "palmy": "1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy shore. Pope. His golden sands and palmy wine. Goldsmith. 2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous. In the most high and palmy state of Rome. Shak.", - "palmyra": "A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis) having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.", - "palomar": null, "palomino": null, "palominos": null, "palpable": "1. Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a palpable form. Shak. Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. Milton. 2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable errors. \"Three persons palpable.\" P. Plowman. [Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Shak. -- Pal\"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal\"pa*bly, adv.", @@ -54939,9 +47884,6 @@ "paltriest": null, "paltriness": "The state or quality of being paltry.", "paltry": "Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse; paltry gold. Cowper. The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron. Syn. -- See Contemptible.", - "pam": "The knave of clubs. [Obs.] Pope.", - "pamela": null, - "pamirs": null, "pampas": "Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia. Pampas cat (Zoöl.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zoöl.), a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, or Blastocerus, campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass (Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.", "pamper": "1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the body or the appetite. \"A body . . . pampered for corruption.\" Dr. T. Dwight. 2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride; to pamper the imagination. South.", "pampered": "Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant. \"Pampered boughs.\" Milton. \"Pampered insolence.\" Pope. -- Pam\"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.", @@ -54956,10 +47898,7 @@ "panaceas": "1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction. 2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.", "panache": "A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers. A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott.", "panama": null, - "panamanian": "Of or pert. to Panama. -- n. A native or citizen of Panama.", - "panamanians": "Of or pert. to Panama. -- n. A native or citizen of Panama.", "panamas": null, - "panasonic": null, "panatella": null, "panatellas": null, "pancake": "A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack. \"A pancake for Shrove Tuesday.\" Shak.", @@ -54982,7 +47921,6 @@ "panderers": null, "pandering": null, "panders": "1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer. Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak. 2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another. Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke.\n\nTo play the pander for.\n\nTo act the part of a pander.", - "pandora": "1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.", "pane": "The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.\n\n1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern. 2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown. 3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash. 4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain. 5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.", "panegyric": "An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.\n\nContaining praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. \"Panegyric strains.\" Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr\"ic*al*ly, adv. Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.", "panegyrics": "An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.\n\nContaining praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. \"Panegyric strains.\" Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr\"ic*al*ly, adv. Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.", @@ -54995,7 +47933,6 @@ "panels": "1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc. 2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill. 3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing. 4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door. 5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt. 6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted. 7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal. 8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament. 9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss. Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.\n\nTo form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot. Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back.", "panes": "The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.\n\n1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern. 2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown. 3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash. 4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain. 5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.", "pang": "A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death. Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.\n\nTo torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.] Shak.", - "pangaea": null, "pangs": "A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death. Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.\n\nTo torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.] Shak.", "panhandle": "The handle of a pan; hence, fig., any arm or projection suggestive of the handle of a pan; as, the panhandle of West Virginia, Texas, or Idaho.", "panhandled": null, @@ -55008,8 +47945,6 @@ "panicking": null, "panicky": null, "panics": "A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass. Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.\n\nExtreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, terror, alarm. \"A panic fright.\" Dryden.\n\n1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic. 2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.", - "pankhurst": null, - "panmunjom": null, "panned": null, "pannier": "1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras. 2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles. 3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London. 4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.", "panniers": "1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras. 2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles. 3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London. 4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.", @@ -55024,8 +47959,6 @@ "pansies": null, "pansy": "A plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and many other quaint names.", "pant": "1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp. Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden. 2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly. As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1. Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope. 3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser. 4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic] The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. Pope.\n\n1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out. There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish. Shelley. 2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.] Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert.\n\n1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton. 2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.", - "pantagruel": null, - "pantaloon": "1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak. 2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one. 3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.", "pantaloons": "1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak. 2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one. 3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.", "pantechnicon": "A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.", "pantechnicons": "A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.", @@ -55059,7 +47992,6 @@ "pantyliner": null, "pantywaist": null, "pantywaists": null, - "panza": null, "pap": "1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden. The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27. 2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.\n\n1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water. 2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap. [Colloq. & Contemptuous] 3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.\n\nTo feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.", "papa": "1. A child's word for father. 2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.", "papacies": null, @@ -55115,7 +48047,6 @@ "parabola": "(a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = Cubical, and Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.", "parabolas": "(a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = Cubical, and Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.", "parabolic": "1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical instruction. 2. Etym: [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid. Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.", - "paracelsus": null, "paracetamol": null, "paracetamols": null, "parachute": "1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence. 2. (Zoöl.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.", @@ -55124,7 +48055,6 @@ "parachuting": null, "parachutist": null, "parachutists": null, - "paraclete": "An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit. From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson.", "parade": "1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled. 2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled. 3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition. Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift. 4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a parade of firemen. In state returned the grand parade. Swift. 5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.] When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke. 6. A public walk; a promenade. Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm. Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. \"It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power.\" Robertson. \"We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the noise of victories.\" Spectator.\n\n1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off. Parading all her sensibility. Byron. 2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.\n\n1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place. 2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review.", "paraded": null, "parader": null, @@ -55149,9 +48079,6 @@ "paragraphed": null, "paragraphing": null, "paragraphs": "1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now, the character Note: This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness. 2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark 3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial paragraph.\n\n1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character . 2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an article. 3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs", - "paraguay": null, - "paraguayan": "Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.", - "paraguayans": "Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.", "parakeet": "Same as Parrakeet.\n\nAny one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet. Note: Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).", "parakeets": "Same as Parrakeet.\n\nAny one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet. Note: Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).", "paralegal": null, @@ -55168,8 +48095,6 @@ "parallelogram": "A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.", "parallelograms": "A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.", "parallels": "1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes. Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt. Note: Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant. 2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and with. When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished. Addison. 3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage. Addison. Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. -- Parallel columns, or Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. -- Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.\n\n1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc. Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line Pope. 2. Direction conformable to that of another line, Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth. 3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity. Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. Swift. 4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope. 5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart. None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope. 6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map. 7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress. 8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page. Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.\n\n1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else. The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian. Sir T. Browne. 2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like. His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great justice. Shak. 3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak. 4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke. My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.\n\nTo be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] Bacon.", - "paralympic": null, - "paralympics": null, "paralyses": "Same as Paralyze.", "paralysis": "Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. \"Utter paralysis of memory.\" G. Eliot. Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887).", "paralytic": "1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis. 2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy. The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior. 3. Inclined or tending to paralysis. Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.\n\nA person affected with paralysis.", @@ -55180,7 +48105,6 @@ "paralyzing": null, "paralyzingly": null, "paramagnetic": "Magnetic, as opposed to Ant: diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. -- Par`a*mag*net\"ic*al*ly, adv.", - "paramaribo": null, "paramecia": null, "paramecium": null, "paramedic": null, @@ -55198,7 +48122,6 @@ "paramountcy": null, "paramour": "1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman. The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour Macaulay. 2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] \"For paramour and jollity.\" Chaucer.\n\nBy or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.] For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.", "paramours": "By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.] For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.", - "parana": null, "paranoia": "Mental derangement; insanity.", "paranoiac": "Of or pertaining to paranoia; affected with, or characteristic of, paranoia.\n\nA person affected with paranoia.", "paranoiacs": "Of or pertaining to paranoia; affected with, or characteristic of, paranoia.\n\nA person affected with paranoia.", @@ -55246,19 +48169,16 @@ "parboiled": null, "parboiling": null, "parboils": "1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.", - "parc": null, "parcel": "1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] \"A parcel of her woe.\" Chaucer. Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot. The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government. J. A. Symonds. 2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece. 3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group. This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak. 4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet. 'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper. Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.\n\n1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or into. \"Their woes are parceled, mine are general.\" Shak. These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden. The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson. 2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.] That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by Addition of his envy. Shak. 3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.\n\nPart or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.] The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott. One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson. Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "parceled": null, "parceling": "1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts. 2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.", "parcels": "1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] \"A parcel of her woe.\" Chaucer. Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot. The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government. J. A. Symonds. 2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece. 3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group. This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak. 4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet. 'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper. Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.\n\n1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or into. \"Their woes are parceled, mine are general.\" Shak. These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden. The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson. 2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.] That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by Addition of his envy. Shak. 3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.\n\nPart or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.] The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott. One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson. Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "parch": "1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn. Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14. 2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched from fever. The ground below is parched. Dryden.\n\nTo become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. \"Parch in Afric sun.\" Shak.", "parched": null, - "parcheesi": "A game adopted from the Indian game, using disks, as of pasteboard, and dice. [U. S. & Eng.]\n\nSee Pachisi.", "parches": null, "parching": "Scorching; burning; drying. \"Summer's parching heat.\" Shak. -- Parch\"ing*ly, adv.", "parchment": "1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum. But here's a parchment with the seal of Cæsar. Shak. 2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. Parchment paper. See Papyrine.", "parchments": "1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum. But here's a parchment with the seal of Cæsar. Shak. 2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. Parchment paper. See Papyrine.", - "parcs": null, "pardner": null, "pardners": null, "pardon": "1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution. Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak. But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton. Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon. 2. An official warrant of remission of penalty. Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak. 3. The state of being forgiven. South. 4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses. Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.\n\n1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender. In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18. I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak. 2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses. I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak. 3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty. I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak. 4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.] Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak. Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction. Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse.\n\n-- Forgiveness, Pardon. Forgiveness is Anglo-Saxon, and pardon Norman French, both implying a giving back. The word pardon, being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the same sense as forgiveness; but in the language of common life there is a difference between them, such as we often find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words. Forgive points to inward feeling, and suppose alienated affection; when we ask forgiveness, we primarily seek the removal of anger. Pardon looks more to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as when we beg pardon for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil magistrate also grants a pardon, and not forgiveness. The two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.", @@ -55293,7 +48213,6 @@ "pares": "1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof. 2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies. 3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen. The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.", "pareses": null, "paresis": "Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.", - "pareto": null, "parfait": null, "parfaits": null, "pariah": "1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India). 2. An outcast; one despised by society. Pariah dog (Zoöl.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zoöl.), a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.", @@ -55304,26 +48223,18 @@ "parimutuels": null, "paring": "1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything. 2. That which is pared off. Pope. Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills. Mortimer.", "parings": "1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything. 2. That which is pared off. Pope. Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills. Mortimer.", - "paris": "A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic. Note: It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.\n\nThe chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n. -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.", "parish": "1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc. Note: Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes. Mozley & W. 2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.] 3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other States.\n\nOf or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in each parish.", "parishes": null, "parishioner": "One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.", "parishioners": "One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.", - "parisian": "A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.\n\nOf or pertaining to Paris.", - "parisians": "A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.\n\nOf or pertaining to Paris.", "parities": null, "parity": "The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, parity of reasoning. \"No parity of principle.\" De Quincey. Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne.", "park": "1. (Eng. Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W. 2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like. Chaucer. While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and forget to fear. Waller. 3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York. 4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery. 5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also parc.] Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks.\n\n1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park. How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak. 2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc.", "parka": "An outer garment made of the skins of birds or mammals, worn by Eskimos, etc.", "parkas": "An outer garment made of the skins of birds or mammals, worn by Eskimos, etc.", "parked": null, - "parker": ", The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.", - "parkersburg": null, "parking": null, - "parkinson": null, - "parkinsonism": null, "parkland": null, - "parkman": null, "parkour": null, "parks": "1. (Eng. Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W. 2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like. Chaucer. While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and forget to fear. Waller. 3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York. 4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery. 5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also parc.] Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks.\n\n1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park. How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak. 2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc.", "parkway": null, @@ -55346,13 +48257,7 @@ "parlor": "A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing- room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained. Note: \"In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently.\" Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.", "parlors": "A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing- room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained. Note: \"In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently.\" Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.", "parlous": "1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] \"A parlous snuffing.\" Beau. & Fl. 2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] \"A parlous boy.\" Shak. \"A parlous wit.\" Dryden. -- Par\"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par\"lous*ness, n. [Obs.]", - "parmenides": null, - "parmesan": "Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.", - "parmesans": "Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.", "parmigiana": null, - "parnassus": "A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.]", - "parnassuses": null, - "parnell": null, "parochial": "Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial duties. \"Parochial pastors.\" Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. \"The parochial mind.\" W. Black.", "parochialism": "The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.", "parochially": "In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.", @@ -55377,7 +48282,6 @@ "parqueting": null, "parquetry": "A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.", "parquets": "1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit. 2. Same as Parquetry.", - "parr": "(a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.", "parred": null, "parricidal": "Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.", "parricide": "1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor. 2. Etym: [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.", @@ -55385,7 +48289,6 @@ "parried": null, "parries": null, "parring": null, - "parrish": null, "parrot": "1. (Zoöl.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci. 2. (Zoöl.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other genera of the family Psittacidæ, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases. Carolina parrot (Zoöl.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. -- Night parrot, or Owl parrot. (Zoöl.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green, under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.\n\nTo repeat by rote, as a parrot.\n\nTo chatter like a parrot.", "parroted": null, "parroting": null, @@ -55399,7 +48302,6 @@ "parsed": null, "parser": "One who parses.", "parses": "To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically. Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over perfectly. Ascham.", - "parsifal": null, "parsimonious": "Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo\"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Par`si*mo\"ni*ous*ness, n. A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon. Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more men and money. Addison. Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.", "parsimoniously": null, "parsimony": "Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness. Bacon. Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray. Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See Economy.", @@ -55422,8 +48324,6 @@ "parterre": "1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on. 2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]", "parterres": "1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on. 2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]", "parthenogenesis": "1. (Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis. 2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.", - "parthenon": "A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art.", - "parthia": null, "partial": "1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. \"Partial dissolutions of the earth.\" T. Burnet. 2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be partial. Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9. 3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond. \"A partial parent.\" Pope. Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott. 4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a partial petiole. Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.", "partiality": "1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind. 2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting. Roget.", "partially": "1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne. 2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.", @@ -55487,15 +48387,11 @@ "parvenu": "An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.", "parvenus": "An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.", "pas": "1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer. 2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.", - "pasadena": null, - "pascagoula": null, "pascal": null, "pascals": null, "paschal": "Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow. Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.", - "pasco": null, "pasha": "An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.] Note: There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.", "pashas": "An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.] Note: There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.", - "pasquale": null, "pass": "1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. \"But now pass over [i.e., pass on].\" Chaucer. On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton. Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies passed. Coleridge. 2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands. Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to unjust. Sir W. Temple. 3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die. Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak. Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden. The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes. Tennyson. 4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly. So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12. Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts. 5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly. Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35 6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. \"Let him pass for a man.\" Shak. False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton. This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury. 7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress. 8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass. 9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live alogn. \"The play may pass.\" Shak. 10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass. 11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] \"This passes, Master Ford.\" Shak. 12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.] As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak. 13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot. 14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W. 15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust. 16. (Card Playing) To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump. She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior. To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. \"The heavens shall pass away.\" 2 Pet. iii. 10. \"I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am.\" Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to proceed. -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. \"So death passed upon all men.\" Rom. v. 12. \"Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them.\" Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. \"We may not pass upon his life.\" Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.\n\n1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. \"To pass commodiously this life.\" Milton. She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak. (c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard. Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak. I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden. (d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed. And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art. Spenser. Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate hour. Byron. (e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the bill passed the senate. 2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand. I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison. Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge. Clarendon. (b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak. Father, thy word is passed. Milton. (c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass counterfeit money. \"Pass the happy news.\" Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad. 3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate. 4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure. 5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak. Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. \"Lest she pass away the flower of her age.\" Ecclus. xlii. 9. -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. \"Passed himself off as a bishop.\" Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. \"She passed the child on her husband for a boy.\" Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.\n\n1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass. \"Try not the pass!\" the old man said. Longfellow. 2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary. Shak. 3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist. 4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls. 5. State of things; condition; predicament. Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak. Matters have been brought to this pass. South. 6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater pass; a military pass. A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent. 7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak. 8. Estimation; character. [Obs.] Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak. 9. Etym: [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.", "passable": "1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is passablein boats. His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel. Shak. 2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current. With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable than another. L'Estrange. Could they have made this slander passable. Collier. 3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre. My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is absent. Dryden.", "passably": "Tolerably; moderately.", @@ -55538,8 +48434,6 @@ "passivizing": null, "passkey": null, "passkeys": null, - "passover": "(a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.", - "passovers": "(a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.", "passphrase": null, "passphrases": null, "passport": "1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water. Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon. 2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter. 3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill. 4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney. His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.", @@ -55555,10 +48449,8 @@ "pastel": "1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] \"Charming heads in pastel.\" W. Black. 2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye itself.", "pastels": "1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] \"Charming heads in pastel.\" W. Black. 2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye itself.", "pastern": "1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse. Note: The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone. Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones. 2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight. 3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.", - "pasternak": null, "pasterns": "1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse. Note: The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone. Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones. 2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight. 3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.", "pastes": "1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware. 2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough. 3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color. 4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass. 5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc. 6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded. Paste eel (Zoöl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.\n\nTo unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.", - "pasteur": null, "pasteurization": "A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140º F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.", "pasteurize": "1. To subject to pasteurization. 2. To treat by pasteurizm.", "pasteurized": null, @@ -55596,8 +48488,6 @@ "pasturing": null, "pasty": "Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. \"A pasty complexion.\" G. Eliot.\n\nA pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie. \"If ye pinch me like a pasty.\" Shak. \"Apple pasties.\" Dickens. A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott.", "pat": "To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog. Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope.\n\n1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap. 2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats. It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens.\n\nExactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. \"Pat allusion.\" Barrow.\n\nIn a pat manner. I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne.", - "patagonia": null, - "patagonian": "Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native of Patagonia.", "patch": "1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole. Patches set upon a little breach. Shak. 2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc. 3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty. Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl. 4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore. 5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn. Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan. 6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting. 7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] \"Thou scurvy patch.\" Shak. Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.\n\n1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to patch a coat. 2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house. 3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches. Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator. 4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a truce. \"If you'll patch a quarrel.\" Shak.", "patched": null, "patches": null, @@ -55611,7 +48501,6 @@ "patchworks": "Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up. Swift.", "patchy": "Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.", "pate": "See Patté.\n\n1. A pie. See Patty. 2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place. [R.]\n\n1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.] His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16. Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak. 2. The skin of a calf's head.", - "patel": null, "patella": "1. A small dish, pan, or vase. 2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee. 3. (Zoöl.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food. 4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.", "patellae": null, "patellas": "1. A small dish, pan, or vase. 2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee. 3. (Zoöl.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food. 4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.", @@ -55631,7 +48520,6 @@ "paternity": "1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine paternity. The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the paternity of a child. 3. Origin; authorship. The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott.", "paternoster": "1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version. 2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings. 3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. -- Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. Udall.", "paternosters": "1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version. 2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings. 3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. -- Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. Udall.", - "paterson": null, "pates": "See Patté.\n\n1. A pie. See Patty. 2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place. [R.]\n\n1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.] His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16. Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak. 2. The skin of a calf's head.", "path": "1. A trodden way; a footway. The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden. 2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action. All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray.\n\nTo make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] \"Pathing young Henry's unadvised ways.\" Drayton.\n\nTo walk or go. [R.] Shak.", "pathetic": "1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.] 2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. \"Pathetic action.\" Macaulay. No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E. Porter. Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.", @@ -55664,7 +48552,6 @@ "patios": "A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation. Note: The patioprocess is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.", "patisserie": "Pastry. Sterne.", "patisseries": "Pastry. Sterne.", - "patna": null, "patois": "A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech. The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne.", "patresfamilias": null, "patriarch": "1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses. 2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch. 3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively. The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow. The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.", @@ -55674,15 +48561,11 @@ "patriarchies": null, "patriarchs": "1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses. 2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch. 3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively. The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow. The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.", "patriarchy": "1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood. 2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.", - "patrica": null, - "patrice": null, - "patricia": null, "patrician": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians. 2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian. Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott. His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.\n\n1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility. 2. A person of high birth; a nobleman. 3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.", "patricians": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians. 2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian. Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott. His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.\n\n1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility. 2. A person of high birth; a nobleman. 3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.", "patricidal": "Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.", "patricide": "1. The murderer of his father. 2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.", "patricides": "1. The murderer of his father. 2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.", - "patrick": null, "patrimonial": "Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial estate.", "patrimonies": null, "patrimony": "1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor. \"'Reave the orphan of his patrimony.\" Shak. 2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.", @@ -55729,19 +48612,10 @@ "patterning": null, "patterns": "1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern of a machine. I will be the pattern of all patience. Shak. 2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance. He compares the pattern with the whole piece. Swift. 3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern. 4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful pattern. 5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak. The patterns of things in the heavens. Heb. ix. 23. 6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern. 7. (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it. Pattern box, chain, or cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession for forming the figure. -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a card. (b) (Weaving) One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus. -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns. -- Pattern wheel (Horology), a count-wheel.\n\n1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. Milton. [A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. Sir T. Herbert. 2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel. To pattern after, to imitate; to follow. PATTINSON'S PROCESS Pat\"tin*son's proc\"ess. (Metal.) A process of desilverizing argentiferous lead by repeated meltings and skimmings, which concentrate the silver in the molten bath, the final skimmings being nearly pure lad. The processwas invented in 1833 by Hugh Lee Pattinson, an English metallurgist.", "patters": "1. To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering rain or hail; pattering feet. The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. Thomson. 2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. Etym: [In this sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.] 3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.] I've gone out and pattered to get money. Mayhew.\n\n1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] \"And patter the water about the boat.\" J. R. Drake. 2. Etym: [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers. [The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. Longfellow. To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang]\n\n1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the patter of little feet. 2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue. 3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter.", - "patterson": null, - "patti": null, "patties": null, "patting": null, - "patton": null, "patty": "A little pie.", "paucity": "1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker. Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the incompleteness, of its communications. I. Taylor. 2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of blood. Sir T. Browne.", - "paul": "See Pawl.\n\nAn Italian silver coin. See Paolo.", - "paula": null, - "paulette": null, - "pauli": null, - "pauline": "Of or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine. My religion had always been Pauline. J. H. Newman.", - "pauling": null, "paunch": "1. (Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen. 2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch. 3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper. Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.\n\n1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak. 2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall.", "paunches": null, "paunchier": null, @@ -55758,7 +48632,6 @@ "paused": null, "pauses": "1. A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation. 2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt. I stand in pause where I shall first begin. Shak. 3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts. 4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the pupil to mind the pauses. 5. A break or paragraph in writing. He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. Locke. 6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold, 7. Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension.\n\n1. To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait; to rest. \"Tarry, pause a day or two.\" Shak. Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. Milton. 2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses. 3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.] Why doth the Jew pause Take thy forfeiture. Shak. 4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.] \"Take time to pause.\" Shak. To pause upon, to deliberate concerning. Shak. Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.\n\nTo cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak.", "pausing": null, - "pavarotti": null, "pave": "The pavement. Nymphe du pavé ([A low euphemism.]\n\n1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material; as, to pave a street; to pave a court. With silver paved, and all divine with gold. Dryden. To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. Gay. 2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way; as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise. It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. Bacon.", "paved": null, "pavement": "That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks. The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton. Pavement teeth (Zoöl.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a pavement.\n\nTo furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] \"How richly pavemented!\" Bp. Hall.", @@ -55768,10 +48641,8 @@ "pavilions": "1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. \"[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions.\" Shak. 2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central feature of a large pile. 3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner. 4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.) 5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet. See Illust. of Brilliant. 6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube. 7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky. The pavilion of heaven is bare. Shelley.\n\nTo furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents. The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. Milton.", "paving": "1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with a pavement. 2. A pavement.", "pavings": "1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with a pavement. 2. A pavement.", - "pavlov": null, "pavlova": null, "pavlovas": null, - "pavlovian": null, "paw": "1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc. 2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden. Paw clam (Zoöl.), the tridacna; -- so called because shaped like an animal's paw.\n\nTo draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21.\n\n1. To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly or rudely. 2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot. His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. Tickell.", "pawed": null, "pawing": null, @@ -55782,8 +48653,6 @@ "pawnbrokers": "One who makes a business of lending money on the security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.", "pawnbroking": "The business of a pawnbroker.", "pawned": null, - "pawnee": "One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who takes anything in pawn.", - "pawnees": "A tribe of Indians (called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also Pani.", "pawning": null, "pawns": "See Pan, the masticatory.\n\nA man or piece of the lowest rank.\n\n1. Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1. As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without use [i.e., interest]. Bacon. 2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise. [R.] Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. Shak. As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. Donne. 3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic] My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak. In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. \"Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn.\" Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article pledged.\n\n1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch. And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. Dryden. 2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard. Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. Shak.", "pawnshop": null, @@ -55811,13 +48680,11 @@ "paymasters": "One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account of the same.", "payment": "1. The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation. No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon. 2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; requital; return. Shak. 3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]", "payments": "1. The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation. No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon. 2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; requital; return. Shak. 3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]", - "payne": null, "payoff": null, "payoffs": null, "payola": null, "payout": null, "payouts": null, - "paypal": null, "payphone": null, "payphones": null, "payroll": null, @@ -55828,22 +48695,9 @@ "paywall": null, "paywalls": null, "payware": null, - "pb": null, - "pbs": null, - "pbx": null, - "pc": null, - "pcb": null, - "pcmcia": null, - "pcp": null, - "pcs": null, "pct": null, "pd": null, - "pdf": null, - "pdq": null, - "pdt": null, - "pe": null, "pea": "The sliding weight on a steelyard. [Written also pee.]\n\nSee Peak, n., 3.\n\n1. (Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod. Note: When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form peas being used in both senses. 2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.) esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of the seed. Note: The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sphærospermus and its seed. -- Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zoöl.) Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea crab (Zoöl.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove (Zoöl.), the American ground dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (Papilionaceæ) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. -- Pea maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea weevil (Zoöl.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating out the interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms.", - "peabody": null, "peace": "A state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a) Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience. (d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; concord. \"The eternal love and pees.\" Chaucer. Note: Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding silence, quiet, or order. \"Peace! foolish woman.\" Shak. At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God. (Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is the gift of God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly communion with Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or constable. -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. \"I will make your peace with him.\" Shak.\n\nTo make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.] \"Peace your tattlings.\" Shak. When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. Shak.", "peaceable": "Begin in or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome. -- Peace\"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace\"a*bly, adv. Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene; still. -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes \"in the spirit of peace;\" latter; \"in the possession or enjoyment of peace.\" A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a peaceful life, scene.", "peaceably": null, @@ -55875,7 +48729,6 @@ "peaks": "1. A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. \"Run your beard into a peak.\" Beau. & Fl. 2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as, the Peak of Teneriffe. Silent upon a peak in Darien. Keats. 3. (Naut.) (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b) The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written also pea and pee.] Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore.\n\n1. To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak. There peaketh up a mighty high mount. Holand. 2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or sicky. \"Dwindle, peak, and pine.\" Shak. 3. Etym: [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak. Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch.\n\nTo raise to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.", "peaky": "1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson. 2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]", "peal": "A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.\n\n1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc. \"A fair peal of artillery.\" Hayward. Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak. And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron. 2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells. To ring a peal. See under Ring.\n\n1. To utter or give out loud sounds. There let the pealing organ blow. Milton. 2. To resound; to echo. And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow.\n\n1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise abroad. The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of fame. J. Barlow. 2. To assail with noise or loud sounds. Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton. 3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "peale": null, "pealed": null, "pealing": null, "peals": "A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.\n\n1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc. \"A fair peal of artillery.\" Hayward. Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak. And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron. 2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells. To ring a peal. See under Ring.\n\n1. To utter or give out loud sounds. There let the pealing organ blow. Milton. 2. To resound; to echo. And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow.\n\n1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise abroad. The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of fame. J. Barlow. 2. To assail with noise or loud sounds. Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton. 3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", @@ -55884,15 +48737,12 @@ "pear": "The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zoöl.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus pyri) whose larvæ bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants (Pomeæ), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell (Zoöl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug (Zoöl.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree.", "pearl": "A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones. 2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious. I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak. And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton. 3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl. 4. (Zoöl.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill. 5. (Zoöl.) A light-colored tern. 6. (Zoöl.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler. 7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton. 8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether. 9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. * This line is printed in the type called pearl. Ground pearl. (Zoöl.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet (Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. -- Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. -- Pearl white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; - - used chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.\n\nOf or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.\n\n1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also figuratively. 2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to pearl barley.\n\n1. To resemble pearl or pearls. 2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.", "pearled": null, - "pearlie": null, "pearlier": null, "pearliest": null, "pearling": null, "pearls": "A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones. 2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious. I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak. And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton. 3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl. 4. (Zoöl.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill. 5. (Zoöl.) A light-colored tern. 6. (Zoöl.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler. 7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton. 8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether. 9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. * This line is printed in the type called pearl. Ground pearl. (Zoöl.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet (Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. -- Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. -- Pearl white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; - - used chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.\n\nOf or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.\n\n1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also figuratively. 2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to pearl barley.\n\n1. To resemble pearl or pearls. 2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.", "pearly": "1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, pearly shells. Milton. 2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent; as, the pearly dew or flood.", "pears": "The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zoöl.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus pyri) whose larvæ bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants (Pomeæ), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell (Zoöl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug (Zoöl.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree.", - "pearson": null, - "peary": null, "peas": "The sliding weight on a steelyard. [Written also pee.]\n\nSee Peak, n., 3.\n\n1. (Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod. Note: When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form peas being used in both senses. 2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.) esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of the seed. Note: The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sphærospermus and its seed. -- Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zoöl.) Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea crab (Zoöl.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove (Zoöl.), the American ground dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (Papilionaceæ) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. -- Pea maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea weevil (Zoöl.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating out the interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms.", "peasant": "A countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries. Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.\n\nRustic, rural. Spenser.", "peasantry": "1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. \"A bold peasantry.\" Goldsmith. 2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler.", @@ -55914,16 +48764,13 @@ "peccadilloes": null, "peccaries": null, "peccary": "A pachyderm of the genus Dicotyles. Note: The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus), is about the size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (D. labiatus), with white cheeks, is found in South America.", - "pechora": null, "peck": "1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. \"A peck of provender.\" Shak. 2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. \"A peck of uncertainties and doubts.\" Milton.\n\n1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks a tree. 2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick movements. 3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to eat; -- often with up. Addison. This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. Shak. 4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to peck a hole in a tree.\n\n1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument. Carew. 2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat. [The hen] went pecking by his side. Dryden. To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.\n\nA quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.", "pecked": null, "pecker": "1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker. 2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth. Flower pecker. (Zoöl.) See under Flower.", "peckers": "1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker. 2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth. Flower pecker. (Zoöl.) See under Flower.", "pecking": null, - "peckinpah": null, "peckish": "Inclined to eat; hungry. [Colloq.] \"When shall I feel peckish again\" Beaconsfield.", "pecks": "1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. \"A peck of provender.\" Shak. 2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. \"A peck of uncertainties and doubts.\" Milton.\n\n1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks a tree. 2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick movements. 3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to eat; -- often with up. Addison. This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. Shak. 4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to peck a hole in a tree.\n\n1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument. Carew. 2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat. [The hen] went pecking by his side. Dryden. To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.\n\nA quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.", - "pecos": null, "pecs": null, "pectic": "Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.", "pectin": "One of a series of carbohydrates, commonly called vegetable jelly, found very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples, cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored, translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but become viscous on cooling.", @@ -55999,7 +48846,6 @@ "pedophile": null, "pedophiles": null, "pedophilia": null, - "pedro": "(a) The five of trumps in certain varieties of auction pitch. (b) A variety of auction pitch in which the five of trumps counts five.", "peduncle": "1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits. Note: The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a peduncle if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is small or delicate. 2. (Zoöl.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle. 3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles of the pineal gland.", "peduncles": "1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits. Note: The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a peduncle if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is small or delicate. 2. (Zoöl.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle. 3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles of the pineal gland.", "pee": "See 1st Pea.\n\nBill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).", @@ -56052,18 +48898,13 @@ "peewit": "See Pewit.", "peewits": "See Pewit.", "peg": "1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe peg. 2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext; as, a peg to hang a claim upon. 3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are strained. Shak. 4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board. 5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase \"To take one down peg.\" To screw papal authority to the highest peg. Barrow. And took your grandess down a peg. Hudibras. Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as divide the liquor into equal portions. \"Drink down to your peg.\" Longfellow. -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a boy's top which is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw without a head, for fastening soles.\n\n1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely. I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. Shak. 2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.]\n\nTo work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.", - "pegasus": "1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration. Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace. Byron. 2. (Astron.) A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the square of Pegasus. 3. (Zoöl.) A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from the East Indies and China.", - "pegasuses": null, "pegboard": null, "pegboards": null, "pegged": null, "pegging": "The act or process of fastening with pegs.", - "peggy": null, "pegs": "1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe peg. 2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext; as, a peg to hang a claim upon. 3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are strained. Shak. 4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board. 5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase \"To take one down peg.\" To screw papal authority to the highest peg. Barrow. And took your grandess down a peg. Hudibras. Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as divide the liquor into equal portions. \"Drink down to your peg.\" Longfellow. -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a boy's top which is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw without a head, for fastening soles.\n\n1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely. I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. Shak. 2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.]\n\nTo work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.", - "pei": null, "peignoir": "A woman's loose dressing sack; hence, a loose morning gown or wrapper.", "peignoirs": "A woman's loose dressing sack; hence, a loose morning gown or wrapper.", - "peiping": null, "pejoration": null, "pejorative": "Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging; unfavorable.", "pejoratively": null, @@ -56071,14 +48912,10 @@ "peke": null, "pekes": null, "pekineses": null, - "peking": null, "pekingese": null, "pekingeses": null, - "pekings": null, "pekoe": "A kind of black tea. [Written also pecco.]", "pelagic": "Of or pertaining to the ocean; -- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.", - "pele": null, - "pelee": null, "pelf": "Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. \"Mucky pelf.\" Spenser. \"Paltry pelf.\" Burke. Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry Fuller.", "pelican": "1. (Zoöl.) Any large webfooted bird of the genus of Pelecanus, of which about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily stored. Note: The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and the brown species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America. 2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation. Note: The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling apparatus. Frigate pelican (Zoöl.), the frigate bird. See under Frigate. -- Pelican fish (Zoöl.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the very large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pelican ibis (Zoöl.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; -- a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity. -- Pelican's foot (Zoöl.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais pes-pelicani of Europe.", "pelicans": "1. (Zoöl.) Any large webfooted bird of the genus of Pelecanus, of which about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily stored. Note: The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and the brown species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America. 2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation. Note: The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling apparatus. Frigate pelican (Zoöl.), the frigate bird. See under Frigate. -- Pelican fish (Zoöl.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the very large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pelican ibis (Zoöl.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; -- a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity. -- Pelican's foot (Zoöl.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais pes-pelicani of Europe.", @@ -56090,7 +48927,6 @@ "pellucid": "Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not opaque. \"Pellucid crystal.\" Dr. H. More. \"Pellucid streams.\" Wordsworth.", "pelmet": null, "pelmets": null, - "peloponnese": null, "pelt": "1. The skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell. Sir T. Browne. Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes. Fuller. 2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden. 3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry killed by the hawk. Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.\n\n1. To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail. The children billows seem to pelt the clouds. Shak. 2. To throw; to use as a missile. My Phillis me with pelted apples plies. Dryden.\n\n1. To throw missiles. Shak. 2. To throw out words. [Obs.] Another smothered seems to peltand swear. Shak.\n\nA blow or stroke from something thrown.", "pelted": null, "pelting": "Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -56098,10 +48934,8 @@ "pelvic": "Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic cellulitis. Pelvic arch, or Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult, forming the innominate bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.", "pelvis": "1. (Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum. 2. (Zoöl.) The calyx of a crinoid. Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the kidney.", "pelvises": null, - "pembroke": null, "pemmican": "1. Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the sun. Then on pemican they feasted. Longfellow. 2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.", "pen": "1. A feather. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton. 3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or graving. Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock. Job xix. 24. 4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen. \"Those learned pens.\" Fuller. 5. (Zoöl.) The internal shell of a squid. 6. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) A female swan. [Prov. Eng.] Bow pen. See Bow-pen. -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines. -- Drawing, or Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of blades between which the ink is contained. -- Fountain pen, Geometric pen. See under Fountain, and Geometric. -- Music pen, a pen having five points for drawing the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and ink, or pen-and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink sketch. -- Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under Name. -- Sea pen (Zoöl.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea-pen.]\n\nTo write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to pen a sonnet. \"A prayer elaborately penned.\" Milton.\n\nTo shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. \"Away with her, and pen her up.\" Shak. Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve. Milton.\n\nA small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep or for pigs. My father stole two geese out of a pen. Shak.", - "pena": null, "penal": "Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as: (a) Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code. (b) Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense. (c) Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a penal colony or settlement. \"Adamantine chains and penal fire.\" Milton. Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment. -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law), laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing them. -- Penal servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action (Law), a suit for penalties.", "penalization": null, "penalize": "1. To make penal. 2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.]", @@ -56126,13 +48960,11 @@ "pended": null, "pendent": "1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. \"The pendent world.\" Shak. Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle. Longfellow. 2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. \"A vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock.\" Shak.", "pendents": "1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. \"The pendent world.\" Shak. Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle. Longfellow. 2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. \"A vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock.\" Shak.", - "penderecki": null, "pending": "Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.\n\nDuring; as, pending the trail.", "pends": "Oil cake; penock. [India]\n\n1. To hang; to depend. [R.] Pending upon certain powerful motions. I. Taylor. 2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.\n\nTo pen; to confine. [R.] ended within the limits . . . of Greece. Udall.", "pendulous": "1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. \"The pendulous round earth. Milton. 2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] \"A pendulous state of mind.\" Atterbury. 3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.", "pendulum": "A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery. Note: The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small. Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound pendulum, an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical or Revolving, pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch. -- Simple or Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.", "pendulums": "A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery. Note: The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small. Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound pendulum, an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical or Revolving, pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch. -- Simple or Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.", - "penelope": "A genus of curassows, including the guans.", "penetrability": "The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Cheyne.", "penetrable": "Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively. And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden. I am not made of stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats. Shak. -- Pen\"e*tra*ble*ness, n. -- Pen\"e*tra*bly, adv.", "penetrate": "1. To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness. 2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with pity. Shak. The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's style. M. Arnold. 3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to understand. Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. Ray.\n\nTo pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively. Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. J. R. Green. Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. Pope. The sweet of life that penetrates so near. Daniel.", @@ -56168,31 +49000,22 @@ "penman": "1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master. 2. An author; a composer. South.", "penmanship": "The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.", "penmen": null, - "penn": null, - "penna": "A perfect, or normal, feather.", "pennant": "(a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, or long, pennant (called also whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel. \"With flags and pennants trimmed.\" Drayton. (b) A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.", "pennants": "(a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, or long, pennant (called also whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel. \"With flags and pennants trimmed.\" Drayton. (b) A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.", "penned": "1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.] 2. Written with a pen; composed. \"Their penned speech.\" Shak.", - "penney": null, "pennies": null, "penniless": "Destitute of money; impecunious; poor. -- Pen\"ni*less*ness, n.", "penning": null, - "pennington": null, "pennon": "A wing; a pinion. Milton.\n\nA pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.", "pennons": "A wing; a pinion. Milton.\n\nA pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.", - "pennsylvania": null, - "pennsylvanian": null, - "pennsylvanians": null, "penny": "Denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to nails; as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.\n\n1. An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by the abbreviation d. (the initial of denarius). Note: \"The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only one, corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and was] called penny, denarius, or denier.\" R. S. Poole. The ancient silver penny was worth about three pence sterling (see Pennyweight). The old Scotch penny was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United States the word penny is popularly used for cent. 2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak. 3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny. What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent Shak. 4. (Script.) See Denarius. Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb of the Mustard family, having round, flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. -- Penny dog (Zoöl.), a kind of shark found on the South coast of Britain: the tope. -- Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard. [Obs.] Robinson (More's Utopia). -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal. [R.] -- Penny post, a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier. -- Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny wise and pound foolish.\n\nWorth or costing one penny.", "pennyweight": "A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.", "pennyweights": "A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.", "pennyworth": "1. A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny. \"A dear pennyworth.\" Evelyn. 2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain. The priests sold the better pennyworths. Locke. 3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon.", - "pennzoil": null, "penologist": "One versed in, or a student of, penology.", "penologists": "One versed in, or a student of, penology.", "penology": "The science or art of punishment. [Written also poenology.]", "pens": "pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "pensacola": null, "pension": "1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.] The stomach's pension, and the time's expense. Sylvester. 2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like. To all that kept the city pensions and wages. 1 Esd. iv. 56. 3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. [Eng.] Mozley & W. 4. Etym: [F., pronounced .] A boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium, Switzerland, etc.\n\nTo grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by off; as, to pension off a servant. One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. Pope.", "pensionable": null, "pensioned": null, @@ -56213,21 +49036,12 @@ "pentagrams": "A pentacle or a pentalpha. \"Like a wizard pentagram.\" Tennyson.", "pentameter": "A verse of five feet. Note: The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a diæresis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second. The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed by the pentameter. Harkness.\n\nHaving five metrical feet.", "pentameters": "A verse of five feet. Note: The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a diæresis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second. The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed by the pentameter. Harkness.\n\nHaving five metrical feet.", - "pentateuch": "The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of Moses, Book of the Law of Moses, etc.", "pentathlete": null, "pentathletes": null, "pentathlon": "A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.", "pentathlons": "A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.", - "pentax": null, - "pentecost": "1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt. 2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.", - "pentecostal": "Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.", - "pentecostalism": null, - "pentecostals": "Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley.", - "pentecosts": "1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt. 2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.", "penthouse": "A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively. \"The penthouse of his eyes.\" Sir W. Scott.\n\nLeaning; overhanging. \"Penthouse lid.\" Shak. \"My penthouse eyebrows.\" Dryden.", "penthouses": "A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively. \"The penthouse of his eyes.\" Sir W. Scott.\n\nLeaning; overhanging. \"Penthouse lid.\" Shak. \"My penthouse eyebrows.\" Dryden.", - "pentium": null, - "pentiums": null, "penuche": null, "penultimate": "Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable but one of a word.\n\nThe penult.", "penultimates": "Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable but one of a word.\n\nThe penult.", @@ -56247,9 +49061,7 @@ "peopled": "Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. \"The peopled air.\" Gray.", "peoples": "1. The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation. Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen. xlix. 10. The ants are a people not strong. Prov. xxx. 25. Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. Rev. x. 11. Earth's monarchs are her peoples. Whitter . A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the people. T. Parker. Note: Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form (peoples), in the sense of nations or races. 2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks; population, or part of population; as, country people; -- sometimes used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in German; as, people in adversity. People were tempted to lend by great premiums. Swift . People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water. Arbuthnot . 3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and people. And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison . 4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my people were English. (b) One's subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers. \"You slew great number of his people.\" Shak. Syn. -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we use people for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and nation for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense of the term, nation describes those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one nation, though politically subject to different forms of government.\n\nTo stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate. \"Peopled heaven with angels.\" Dryden. As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. Milton .", "peopling": null, - "peoria": null, "pep": null, - "pepin": null, "pepped": null, "pepper": "1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum. Note: Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative stimulant. 2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth. 3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the bell pepper. Note: The term pepper has been extended to various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below. African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea. -- Cayenne pepper. See under Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species of prickly ash found in China and Japan. -- Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. -- Jamaica pepper. See Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, or Macropiper, methysticum. See Kava. -- Malaguetta, or Meleguetta, pepper, the aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of grains of Paradise. -- Red pepper. See Capsicum. -- Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; -- called also white alder. -- Pepper box or caster, a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia. -- Pepper moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings covered with small black specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. -- Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped in vinegar. -- Pepper tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.\n\n1. To sprinkle or season with pepper. 2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. \"I have peppered two of them.\" \"I am peppered, I warrant, for this world.\" Shak.\n\nTo fire numerous shots (at).", "peppercorn": "1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper nigrum). 2. Anything insignificant; a particle.", @@ -56268,14 +49080,11 @@ "pepping": null, "peppy": null, "peps": null, - "pepsi": null, "pepsin": "An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals. Note: As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.", "peptic": "1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces. 2. Able to digest. [R.] Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. Carlyle. 3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.\n\n1. An agent that promotes digestion. 2. pl. The digestive organs. Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ Tennyson.", "peptics": "The science of digestion.", "peptide": null, "peptides": null, - "pepys": null, - "pequot": null, "per": "Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words. Per annum, by the year; in each successive year; annually. -- Per cent, Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent. -- Per diem, by the day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]", "peradventure": "By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. \"If peradventure he speak against me.\" Shak. Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii. 24.\n\nChance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved beyond peradventure. South.", "perambulate": "To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by walking over the whole line.\n\nTo walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the park.", @@ -56312,12 +49121,10 @@ "perch": "1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied genera of the family Percidæ, as the common American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, or Americana), and the European perch (P. fluviatilis). 2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the Percidæ, Serranidæ, and related families, and resembling, more or less, the true perches. Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The flasher. (c) The sea bass. -- Blue perch, the cunner. -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch, the long-eared pondfish. -- Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch. -- Silver perch, the yellowtail. -- Stone, or Striped, perch, the pope. -- White perch, the Roccus, or Morone, Americanus, a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.\n\n1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat. As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in his hall. Chaucer. Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions. Tennyson. 2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16 3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; a reach.\n\nTo alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost. Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. Shak.\n\n1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch. 2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.", "perchance": "By chance; perhaps; peradventure.", "perched": null, - "percheron": "One of a breed of draught horses originating in Perche, an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman.", "perches": null, "perching": null, "percipience": "The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception. Mrs. Browning.", "percipient": "Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a percipient being. Bentley. -- n. One who, or that which, is percipient. Glanvill.", - "percival": null, "percolate": "To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.\n\nTo pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through porous stone.", "percolated": null, "percolates": "To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.\n\nTo pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through porous stone.", @@ -56329,7 +49136,6 @@ "percussionist": null, "percussionists": null, "percussive": "Striking against; percutient; as, percussive force.", - "percy": null, "perdition": "1. Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death. The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak. If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. J. M. Mason. 2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.", "perdurable": "Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] Chaucer. Shak. -- Per*dur\"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]", "peregrinate": "To travel from place to place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.\n\nHaving traveled; foreign. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -56340,14 +49146,12 @@ "peregrinations": "A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign countries. \"His peregrination abroad.\" Bacon.", "peregrine": "Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] \"Peregrine and preternatural heat.\" Bacon. Peregrine falcon (Zoöl.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed hawk.\n\nThe peregrine falcon.", "peregrines": "Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] \"Peregrine and preternatural heat.\" Bacon. Peregrine falcon (Zoöl.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed hawk.\n\nThe peregrine falcon.", - "perelman": null, "peremptorily": "In a peremptory manner; absolutely; positively. Bacon.", "peremptory": "1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final. Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get thither. Jer. Taylor. 2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical. Be not too positive and peremptory. Bacon. Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. Shak. 3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak. Peremptory challenge (Law) See under Challenge. -- Peremptory mandamus, a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory plea, a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar. Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; arbitrary; dogmatical.", "perennial": "1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains. 2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; never failing. The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke. 3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or root, or plant. Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; permanent; uninterrupted.\n\nA perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.", "perennially": "In a perennial manner.", "perennials": "1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains. 2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; never failing. The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke. 3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or root, or plant. Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; permanent; uninterrupted.\n\nA perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.", "perestroika": null, - "perez": null, "perfect": "1. Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct. My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor. xii. 9. Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Shak. I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shak. O most entire perfect sacrifice! Keble. God made thee perfect, not immutable. Milton. 2. Well informed; certain; sure. I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. Shak. 3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of flower. Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave. -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. -- Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state completed. Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.\n\nThe perfect tense, or a form in that tense.\n\nTo make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind. God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. 1 John iv. 12. Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. Locke. Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine. Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.", "perfecta": null, "perfectas": null, @@ -56403,8 +49207,6 @@ "pericardial": "Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart. Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the pericardium.", "pericarditis": null, "pericardium": "The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the heart. Note: The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart, and is called the cardiac pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.", - "periclean": null, - "pericles": null, "perigee": "That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; -- opposed to Ant: apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee, epigeum.", "perigees": "That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; -- opposed to Ant: apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee, epigeum.", "perihelia": null, @@ -56479,14 +49281,10 @@ "perkily": null, "perkiness": null, "perking": null, - "perkins": "A kind of weak perry.", "perks": "To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.\n\nTo exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. \"To perk over them.\" Barrow. To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily. Pope.\n\nSmart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. \"Perk as a peacock.\" Spenser.\n\nTo peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.", "perky": "Perk; pert; jaunty; trim. There amid perky larches and pines. Tennyson.", - "perl": null, - "perls": null, "perm": null, "permafrost": null, - "permalloy": null, "permanence": "The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the permanence of nature.", "permanency": "The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the permanence of nature.", "permanent": "Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent impression. Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden. Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible or incoercible gases, before their liquefaction in 1877. -- Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide. Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting.", @@ -56500,7 +49298,6 @@ "permeating": null, "permeation": "The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance. Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and inexistence. Bp. Hall.", "permed": null, - "permian": "Belonging or relating to the period, and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. -- n. The Permian period. See Chart of Geology.", "perming": null, "permissible": "That may be permitted; allowable; admissible. -- Per*mis\"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mis\"si*bly, adv.", "permissibly": null, @@ -56524,11 +49321,8 @@ "pernicious": "Quick; swift (to burn). [R.] Milton.\n\nHaving the quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked. Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. Shak. Pernicious to his health. Prescott. Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful; deleterious; hurtful; mischievous. -- Per*ni\"cious*ly, adv., -- Per*ni\"cious*ness, n.", "perniciously": null, "perniciousness": null, - "pernod": null, - "peron": null, "peroration": "The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.", "perorations": "The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.", - "perot": null, "peroxide": "An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.", "peroxided": null, "peroxides": "An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.", @@ -56563,8 +49357,6 @@ "perplexity": "The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt. By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. Milton.", "perquisite": "1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service. The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the perquisite of the soldiers. Prescott. The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of doing good. Addison. 2. pl. (Law) Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent. Mozley & W.", "perquisites": "1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service. The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the perquisite of the soldiers. Prescott. The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of doing good. Addison. 2. pl. (Law) Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent. Mozley & W.", - "perrier": "A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot. Hakluyt.", - "perry": "A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider. Mortimer.\n\nA suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]", "persecute": "1. To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of worship. Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44. 2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; to annoy. Johnson. Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.", "persecuted": null, "persecutes": "1. To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of worship. Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44. 2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; to annoy. Johnson. Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.", @@ -56573,19 +49365,11 @@ "persecutions": "1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship. Persecution produces no sincere conviction. Paley. 2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke. 3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]", "persecutor": "One who persecutes, or harasses. Shak.", "persecutors": "One who persecutes, or harasses. Shak.", - "perseid": "One of a group of shooting stars which appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are beleived to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862.", - "persephone": null, - "persepolis": null, - "perseus": "1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Danaë, who slew the Gorgon Medusa. 2. (Astron.) A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.", "perseverance": "1. The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun. \"The king-becoming graces . . . perseverance, mercy, lowliness.\" Shak. Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice could invent. Milton. 2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington. 3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.", "persevere": "To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken. Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright. Milton. Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.", "persevered": null, "perseveres": "To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken. Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright. Milton. Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.", "persevering": "Characterized by perseverance; persistent. -- Per`se*ver\"ing*ly, adv.", - "pershing": null, - "persia": null, - "persian": "Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language. Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian cat. (Zoöl.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- called also Persians. See Atlantes. -- Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule. -- Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. -- Persian red. See Indian red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See Noria.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Persia. 2. The language spoken in Persia. 3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck. 4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a.", - "persians": "Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language. Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian cat. (Zoöl.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- called also Persians. See Atlantes. -- Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule. -- Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. -- Persian red. See Indian red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See Noria.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Persia. 2. The language spoken in Persia. 3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck. 4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a.", "persiflage": "Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.", "persimmon": "An American tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.", "persimmons": "An American tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.", @@ -56654,7 +49438,6 @@ "pertains": "1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life. Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth not to them. Hayward. 2. To have relation or reference to something. These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them at their time. Latimer.", "perter": null, "pertest": null, - "perth": null, "pertinacious": "1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious beggar. 2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady. Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South. Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady. -- Per`ti*na\"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`ti*na\"cious*ness, n.", "pertinaciously": null, "pertinacity": "The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay. Syn. -- See Obstinacy.", @@ -56670,7 +49453,6 @@ "perturbing": null, "perturbs": "1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet. Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer. 2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.", "pertussis": "The whooping cough.", - "peru": null, "peruke": "A wig; a periwig.\n\nTo dress with a peruke. [R.]", "perukes": "A wig; a periwig.\n\nTo dress with a peruke. [R.]", "perusal": "1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler. 2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care. Woodward.", @@ -56679,8 +49461,6 @@ "perused": null, "peruses": "1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.] Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton. 2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.", "perusing": null, - "peruvian": "Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona.", - "peruvians": "Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona.", "perv": null, "pervade": "1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate. That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone. 2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout. A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.", "pervaded": null, @@ -56702,7 +49482,6 @@ "pervs": null, "peseta": "A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.", "pesetas": "A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.", - "peshawar": null, "peskier": null, "peskiest": null, "peskily": null, @@ -56739,26 +49518,21 @@ "pet": "1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand. 2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child. The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler. 3. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled child.] A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. \"In a pet she started up.\" Tennyson.\n\nPetted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet lamb; a pet theory. Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison. Pet cock. Etym: [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to drain it.\n\nTo treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.\n\nTo be a pet. Feltham.", "petabyte": null, "petabytes": null, - "petain": null, "petajoule": null, "petajoules": null, "petal": "1. (Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.", "petaled": "Having petals; as, a petaled flower; -- opposed to Ant: apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled, three- petaled, etc.", "petals": "1. (Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.", - "petaluma": null, "petard": "A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.", "petards": "A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.", "petawatt": null, "petawatts": null, "petcock": null, "petcocks": null, - "pete": null, "peter": "A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] -- Peter pence, or Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome scot, and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish (Zoöl.), a haddock; -- so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.\n\nTo become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]", "petered": null, "petering": null, "peters": "A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] -- Peter pence, or Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome scot, and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish (Zoöl.), a haddock; -- so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.\n\nTo become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]", - "petersen": null, - "peterson": null, "petiole": "1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf. 2. (Zoöl.) A stalk or peduncle.", "petioles": "1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf. 2. (Zoöl.) A stalk or peduncle.", "petite": "Small, little; of a woman or girl, of small size and trim figure.", @@ -56770,8 +49544,6 @@ "petitioners": "One who presents a petition.", "petitioning": "The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.", "petitions": "1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer. A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37. This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden. 2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document. Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.\n\nTo make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the court; to petition the governor. You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.\n\nTo make a petition or solicitation.", - "petra": null, - "petrarch": null, "petrel": "Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family Procellaridæ. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera. Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. -- Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.", "petrels": "Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family Procellaridæ. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera. Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. -- Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.", "petrifaction": "1. The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness. 2. The state or condition of being petrified. 3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation. 4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. \"Petrifaction of the soul.\" Cudworth.", @@ -56813,7 +49585,6 @@ "petulantly": "In a petulant manner.", "petunia": "A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.", "petunias": "A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.", - "peugeot": null, "pew": "1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; - - sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow. 2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.] Pepys. Milton. Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.\n\nTo furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.", "pewee": "1. (Zoöl.) A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phoebe, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and phoebe. 2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.", "pewees": "1. (Zoöl.) A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phoebe, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and phoebe. 2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.", @@ -56824,15 +49595,10 @@ "pewters": "1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth. 2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots. Note: Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.", "peyote": null, "pf": null, - "pfc": null, "pfennig": "A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.", "pfennigs": "A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.", - "pfizer": null, "pg": null, - "pgp": null, "ph": null, - "phaedra": null, - "phaethon": "1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Helios (Phoebus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.", "phaeton": "1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses. 2. See Phaëthon. 3. (Zoöl.) A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or Melitæa, Phaëton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; -- called also Baltimore.", "phaetons": "1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses. 2. See Phaëthon. 3. (Zoöl.) A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or Melitæa, Phaëton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; -- called also Baltimore.", "phage": null, @@ -56849,7 +49615,6 @@ "phallocentric": null, "phallocentrism": null, "phallus": "1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways. 2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived. 3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.", - "phanerozoic": null, "phantasm": "1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream. They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion. Cudworth. Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.", "phantasmagoria": "1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another. 2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced. 3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. \"This mental phantasmagoria.\" Sir W. Scott.", "phantasmagorias": "1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another. 2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced. 3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. \"This mental phantasmagoria.\" Sir W. Scott.", @@ -56861,7 +49626,6 @@ "pharaoh": "1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated. 2. See Faro. Pharaoh's chicken (Zoöl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zoöl.), the common ichneumon.", "pharaohs": "1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated. 2. See Faro. Pharaoh's chicken (Zoöl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zoöl.), the common ichneumon.", "pharisaic": "1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. \"The Pharisaic sect among the Jews.\" Cudworth. 2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. \"Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. \" Bacon. \"Pharisaical ostentation.\" Macaulay. -- Phar`i*sa\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phar`i*sa\"ic*al*ness, n.", - "pharisaical": "1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. \"The Pharisaic sect among the Jews.\" Cudworth. 2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. \"Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. \" Bacon. \"Pharisaical ostentation.\" Macaulay. -- Phar`i*sa\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phar`i*sa\"ic*al*ness, n.", "pharisee": "One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.", "pharisees": "One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.", "pharmaceutic": "Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. -- Phar`ma*ceu\"tic*al*ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.", @@ -56891,11 +49655,8 @@ "phases": "1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object. 2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases. 3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon. 4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.", "phasing": "Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.", "phat": null, - "phd": null, "pheasant": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidæ, found chiefly in Asia. Note: The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful. 2. (Zoöl.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.] Note: Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called also Pheasant's-eye pink. -- Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.", "pheasants": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidæ, found chiefly in Asia. Note: The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful. 2. (Zoöl.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.] Note: Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called also Pheasant's-eye pink. -- Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.", - "phekda": null, - "phelps": null, "phenacetin": "A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.", "phenobarbital": null, "phenol": "1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar. Note: It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic. 2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type. Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. -- Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.", @@ -56916,9 +49677,6 @@ "phi": null, "phial": "A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.\n\nTo put or keep in, or as in, a phial. Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.", "phials": "A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.\n\nTo put or keep in, or as in, a phial. Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.", - "phidias": null, - "phil": null, - "philadelphia": null, "philander": "To make love to women; to play the male flirt. You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.\n\nA lover. [R.] Congreve.\n\n(a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).", "philandered": null, "philanderer": "One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.", @@ -56935,25 +49693,13 @@ "philatelist": "One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.", "philatelists": "One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.", "philately": "The collection of postage stamps of various issues.", - "philby": null, - "philemon": null, "philharmonic": "Loving harmony or music.", "philharmonics": "Loving harmony or music.", - "philip": "(a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]", - "philippe": null, - "philippians": "Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.", "philippic": "1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon. 2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.", "philippics": "1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon. 2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.", - "philippine": null, - "philippines": null, - "philips": "(a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]", "philistine": "1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine. 2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift. 3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines. 2. Uncultured; commonplace.", "philistines": "1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine. 2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift. 3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines. 2. Uncultured; commonplace.", "philistinism": "The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle. On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.", - "phillip": null, - "phillipa": null, - "phillips": null, - "philly": null, "philodendron": null, "philodendrons": null, "philological": "Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log\"ic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -56975,7 +49721,6 @@ "philosophy": "1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws. Note: When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics. Note: \"Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real.\" Sir W. Hamilton. 2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained. [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer. We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke. 3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy. Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer. 4. Reasoning; argumentation. Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. Milton. 5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson. 6. A treatise on philosophy. Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.", "philter": "A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.\n\n1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught. 2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.", "philters": "A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.\n\n1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught. 2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.", - "phipps": null, "phis": null, "phish": null, "phished": null, @@ -56992,12 +49737,8 @@ "phobias": null, "phobic": null, "phobics": null, - "phobos": null, "phoebe": "The pewee, or pewit.", "phoebes": "The pewee, or pewit.", - "phoenicia": null, - "phoenician": "Of or pertaining to Phoenica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Phoenica.", - "phoenicians": "Of or pertaining to Phoenica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Phoenica.", "phoenix": "1. Same as Phenix. Shak. 2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the date tree.", "phoenixes": null, "phone": "Colloq. for Telephone.", @@ -57106,7 +49847,6 @@ "phototypesetter": null, "phototypesetting": null, "photovoltaic": null, - "php": null, "phrasal": "Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal adverb. Earlc.", "phrase": "1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase. \"Convey\" the wise it call. \"Steal!\" foh! a fico for the phrase. Shak. 2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human. 3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression. \"Phrases of the hearth.\" Tennyson. Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. Shak. 4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period. Note: A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases. Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.\n\nTo express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style. \"These suns -- for so they phrase 'em.\" Shak.\n\n1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.] 2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase, n., 4.", "phrasebook": null, @@ -57120,11 +49860,9 @@ "phrenologist": "One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.", "phrenologists": "One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.", "phrenology": "1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain. 2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology. Note: Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty- six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. Encyc. Brit.", - "phrygia": null, "phyla": null, "phylacteries": null, "phylactery": "1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease. 2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13- 22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. 3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.", - "phyllis": null, "phylogeny": "The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development generally.", "phylum": "One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.", "phys": null, @@ -57158,8 +49896,6 @@ "physiques": "The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person. With his white hair and splendid physique. Mrs. Stowe.", "phytoplankton": null, "pi": "A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.]\n\nTo put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]", - "piaf": null, - "piaget": null, "pianissimo": "Very soft; -- a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)", "pianissimos": "Very soft; -- a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)", "pianist": "A performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.", @@ -57182,9 +49918,7 @@ "picadors": "A horseman armed with a lance, who in a bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by picking him without attempting to kill him.", "picante": null, "picaresque": "Applied to that class of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.", - "picasso": null, "picayune": "A small coin of the value of six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.]", - "piccadilly": "A high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.", "piccalilli": "A pickle of various vegetables with pungent species, -- originally made in the East Indies.", "piccolo": "1. (Mus.) A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute. 2. (Mus.) A small upright piano. 3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.", "piccolos": "1. (Mus.) A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute. 2. (Mus.) A small upright piano. 3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.", @@ -57197,7 +49931,6 @@ "picker": "1. One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton picker. \"Pickers and stealers.\" Shak. 2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber. 3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the warp. 4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent.", "pickerel": "1. A young or small pike. [Obs.] Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye. Note: The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel. Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata) having large arrow- shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.", "pickerels": "1. A young or small pike. [Obs.] Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye. Note: The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel. Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata) having large arrow- shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.", - "pickering": "The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.", "pickers": "1. One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton picker. \"Pickers and stealers.\" Shak. 2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber. 3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the warp. 4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent.", "picket": "1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses. 2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences. 3. Etym: [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying picket. 4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant] 5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. 6. A game at cards. See Piquet. Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line. (Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. -- Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.\n\n1. To fortify with pointed stakes. 2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales. 3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse. 4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket. 5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. [Obs.]", "picketed": null, @@ -57205,8 +49938,6 @@ "picketers": null, "picketing": null, "pickets": "1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses. 2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences. 3. Etym: [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying picket. 4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant] 5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. 6. A game at cards. See Piquet. Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line. (Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. -- Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.\n\n1. To fortify with pointed stakes. 2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales. 3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse. 4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket. 5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. [Obs.]", - "pickett": null, - "pickford": null, "pickier": null, "pickiest": null, "pickiness": null, @@ -57221,7 +49952,6 @@ "picks": "1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.] As high as I could pick my lance. Shak. 2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin. 3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc. 4. To open (a lock) as by a wire. 5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a fowl, etc. 6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to pick a goose; to pick a pocket. Did you pick Master Slender's purse Shak. He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet. Cowper. 7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull; as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. \"One man picked out of ten thousand.\" Shak. 8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to bring together; as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a ball or stones; to pick up information. 9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer. To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. -- To pick a bone with. See under Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.] Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by picking. (b) To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick off the enemy. -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as, to pick out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b) To select from a number or quantity. -- To pick to pieces, to pull apart piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in detail. -- To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel intentionally. -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b) To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a livelihood; to pick up news.(c) to acquire (an infectious disease); as, to pick up a cold on the airplane. (d) To meet (a person) and induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a date at the mall. [See several other defs in MW10]\n\n1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble. Why stand'st thou picking Is thy palate sore Dryden. 2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things; to select something with care. 3. To steal; to pilfer. \"To keep my hands from picking and stealing.\" Book of Com. Prayer. To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or business. [Colloq. U.S.]\n\n1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; as, a toothpick; a picklock. 2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, -- used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for dressing millstones. 3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler. [Obs.] \"Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't.\" Beau. & Fl. 4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick. France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Ld. Lytton. 5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick of the flock. 6. (Print.) A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet. MacKellar. 7. (Painting) That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to correct an unevenness in a picture. 8. (Weawing) The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed of a loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in describing the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an inch. Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions. -- Pick hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.", "pickup": "1. Act of picking up, as, in various games, the fielding or hitting of a ball just after it strikes the ground. 2. That which picks up; specif.: (Elec.) = Brush b. 3. One that is picked up, as a meal hastily got up for the occasion, a chance acquaintance, an informal game, etc.", "pickups": "1. Act of picking up, as, in various games, the fielding or hitting of a ball just after it strikes the ground. 2. That which picks up; specif.: (Elec.) = Brush b. 3. One that is picked up, as a meal hastily got up for the occasion, a chance acquaintance, an informal game, etc.", - "pickwick": null, "picky": null, "picnic": "Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves).\n\nTo go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public fashion.", "picnicked": null, @@ -57232,7 +49962,6 @@ "picot": "One of many small loops, as of thread, forming an ornamental border, as on a ribbon.", "picots": "One of many small loops, as of thread, forming an ornamental border, as on a ribbon.", "pics": "A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.", - "pict": null, "pictogram": null, "pictograms": null, "pictograph": "A picture or hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea. -- Pic`to*graph\"ic, a.", @@ -57268,7 +49997,6 @@ "piecrust": null, "piecrusts": null, "pied": "imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.\n\nVariegated with spots of different colors; party-colored; spotted; piebald. \"Pied coats.\" Burton. \"Meadows trim with daisies pied.\" Milton. Pied antelope (Zoöl.), the bontebok. -- Pied-billed grebe (Zoöl.), the dabchick. -- Pied blackbird (Zoöl.), any Asiatic thrush of the genus Turdulus. -- Pied finch (Zoöl.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The snow bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pied flycatcher (Zoöl.), a common European flycatcher (Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and white.", - "piedmont": "Noting the region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.", "pieing": null, "pier": "1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress. 2. A projecting wharf or landing place. Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. -- Pier glass, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. -- Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.", "pierce": "1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument. \"I pierce . . . her tender side.\" Dryden. 2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the ship. 3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery. \"Pierced with grief.\" Pope. Can no prayers pierce thee Shak.\n\nTo enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and figuratively. And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. Spenser. She would not pierce further into his meaning. Sir P. Sidney.", @@ -57277,8 +50005,6 @@ "piercing": "Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a piercing instrument, or thrust. \"Piercing eloquence.\" Shak. -- Pier\"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier\"cing*ness, n.", "piercingly": null, "piercings": "Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a piercing instrument, or thrust. \"Piercing eloquence.\" Shak. -- Pier\"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier\"cing*ness, n.", - "pierre": null, - "pierrot": null, "piers": "1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress. 2. A projecting wharf or landing place. Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. -- Pier glass, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. -- Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.", "pies": "1. An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince pie; apple pie; pumpkin pie. 2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pie crust, the paste of a pie.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica, and of several allied genera. [Written also pye.] 2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book. 3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See Pi. By cock and pie, an adjuration equivalent to \"by God and the service book.\" Shak. -- Tree pie (Zoöl.), any Asiatic bird of the genus Dendrocitta, allied to the magpie. -- Wood pie. (Zoöl.) See French pie, under French.\n\nSee Pi.", "piety": "1. Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion to his service. Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man. Rambler. 2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc. Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to have shown. Milton. Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See Religion.", @@ -57339,11 +50065,8 @@ "pilafs": null, "pilaster": "An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.", "pilasters": "An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.", - "pilate": null, - "pilates": null, "pilchard": "A small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England. Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.", "pilchards": "A small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England. Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.", - "pilcomayo": null, "pile": "1. A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet. Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. Cowper. 2. (Zoöl.) A covering of hair or fur.\n\nThe head of an arrow or spear. [Obs.] Chapman.\n\n1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc. Note: Tubular iron piles are now much used. 2. Etym: [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost. Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. -- Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. -- Pile driver, or Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. -- Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul. Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling, under Piling. -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.\n\nTo drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles. To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet piling, under 2nd Piling.\n\n1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a pile of wood. 2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot. 3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden. 4. A large building, or mass of buildings. The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. Dryden. 5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2. 6. (Elec.) A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; -- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic pile. Note: The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with battery; as, for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually called a thermopile. 7. Etym: [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.] The reverse of a coin. See Reverse. Cross and pile. See under Cross. -- Dry pile. See under Dry.\n\n1. To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood. \"Hills piled on hills.\" Dryden. \"Life piled on life.\" Tennyson. The labor of an age in piled stones. Milton. 2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load. To pile arms or muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.", "piled": "Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.] \"Magus threw a spear well piled.\" Chapman.\n\nHaving a pile or nap. \"Three-piled velvet.\" L. Barry (1611).\n\nFormed from a pile or fagot; as, piled iron.", "piles": "The small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids. Note: [The singular pile is sometimes used.] Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed.", @@ -57393,7 +50116,6 @@ "pillowslip": null, "pillowslips": null, "pills": "The peel or skin. [Obs.] \"Some be covered over with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts.\" Holland.\n\nTo be peeled; to peel off in flakes.\n\n1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.] 2. To peel; to make by removing the skin. [Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. Gen. xxx. 37.\n\nTo rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to plunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob. Sir T. Malroy.\n\n1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be swallowed whole. 2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted or endured. Udall. Pill beetle (Zoöl.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having a rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill bug (Zoöl.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also pill wood louse.", - "pillsbury": null, "pilot": "1. (Naut.) One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman. Dryden. 2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a fixed rate of fees. 3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or unknown course. 4. An instrument for detecting the compass error. 5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.] Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to show the direction and force of the wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zoöl.) (a) A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; - - so called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb. (b) The black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] -- Pilot boat, a strong, fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and leave vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit. -- Pilot cloth, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear. -- Pilot fish. (Zoöl) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); -- so named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). -- Pilot jack, a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea jacket. -- Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. -- Pilot snake (Zoöl.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake. -- Pilot whale. (Zoöl.) Same as Blackfish, 1.\n\n1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is dangerous. 2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. \"The art of piloting a state.\" Berkeley.", "piloted": null, "pilothouse": null, @@ -57421,7 +50143,6 @@ "pinafores": "An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.", "pinata": null, "pinatas": null, - "pinatubo": null, "pinball": null, "pincer": null, "pincers": "See Pinchers.", @@ -57429,10 +50150,8 @@ "pinched": null, "pinches": null, "pinching": "Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching cold; a pinching parsimony. Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4. -- Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n.", - "pincus": null, "pincushion": "A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.", "pincushions": "A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.", - "pindar": "The peanut (Arachis hypogæa); -- so called in the West Indies.", "pine": "Woe; torment; pain. [Obs.] \"Pyne of hell.\" Chaucer.\n\n1. To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak. That people that pyned him to death. Piers Plowman. One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. Bp. Hall. 2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.\n\n1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.] 2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. \"The roses wither and the lilies pine.\" Tickell. 3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; -- usually followed by for. For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. Shak. Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.\n\n1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See Pinus. Note: There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P. australis), the red pine (P. resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are among the most valuable. The Scotch pine or fir, also called Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only British species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See Pinon. The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera. 2. The wood of the pine tree. 3. A pineapple. Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree, the Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren, a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.] -- Pine borer (Zoöl.), any beetle whose larvæ bore into pine trees. -- Pine finch. (Zoöl.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. -- Pine grosbeak (Zoöl.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with red. -- Pine lizard (Zoöl.), a small, very active, mottled gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle States; -- called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. -- Pine marten. (Zoöl.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called also sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable. See Sable. -- Pine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths of the genus Retinia, whose larvæ burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. -- Pine mouse (Zoöl.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests. -- Pine needle (Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See Pinus. -- Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil, an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors. -- Pine snake (Zoöl.), a large harmless North American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull snake. The Western pine snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine. -- Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree. -- Pine weevil (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose larvæ bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes, Hylobius, etc. -- Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also pine- needle wool, and pine-wood wool.", "pineapple": "A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.", "pineapples": "A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.", @@ -57461,7 +50180,6 @@ "pink": "A vessel with a very narrow stern; -- called also pinky. Sir W. Scott. Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.\n\nTo wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\nHalf-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops or angles. 2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison. 3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.\n\nA stab. Grose.\n\n1. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five- petaled flowers with a tubular calyx. 2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower. Dryden. 3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of something. \"The very pink of courtesy.\" Shak. 4. (Zoöl.) The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its abdomen in summer. [Prov. Eng.] Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus. -- China, or Indian, pink. See under China. -- Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which carnations are derived. -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged robin. -- Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under Moss. -- Pink needle, the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of the carpels. See Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See Thrift.\n\nResembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink (see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. Pink eye (Med.), a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball. -- Pink salt (Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal. -- Pink saucer, a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink pigment.", "pinked": "Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the edge. Shak.", "pinker": null, - "pinkerton": null, "pinkest": null, "pinkeye": null, "pinkie": null, @@ -57479,8 +50197,6 @@ "pinnies": null, "pinning": null, "pinny": null, - "pinocchio": null, - "pinochet": null, "pinochle": null, "pinon": "(a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]", "pinons": "(a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]", @@ -57497,7 +50213,6 @@ "pinstriped": null, "pinstripes": null, "pint": "A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.\n\nThe laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]", - "pinter": null, "pinto": "Lit., painted; hence, piebald; mottled; pied.\n\nAny pied animal; esp., a pied or \"painted\" horse.", "pintos": "A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted with white. Called also speckled Indians.", "pints": "A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.\n\nThe laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -57546,8 +50261,6 @@ "piques": "A cotton fabric, figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children, and for vestings, etc.\n\nThe jigger. See Jigger.\n\n1. A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging vexation. Men take up piques and displeasures. Dr. H. More. Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. De Quincey. 2. Keenly felt desire; a longing. Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the wrong. Hudibras. 3. (Card Playing) In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one. Syn. -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge. Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others.\n\n1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger. Pique her, and soothe in turn. Byron. 2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate; to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior. 3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively. Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. Locke. Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting; goad; stimulate.\n\nTo cause annoyance or irritation. \"Every piques.\" Tatler.", "piquing": null, "piracy": "1. The act or crime of a pirate. 2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land. Note: By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made piracy. 3. \"Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation of copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable term.\" Abbott.", - "piraeus": null, - "pirandello": null, "piranha": null, "piranhas": null, "pirate": "1. A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor. 2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas. 3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an author without permission. Pirate perch (Zoöl.), a fresh-water percoid fish of the United States (Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots.\n\nTo play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas.\n\nTo publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the author. They advertised they would pirate his edition. Pope.", @@ -57563,14 +50276,10 @@ "pirouettes": "1. A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing. 2. (Man.) The whirling about of a horse.\n\nTo perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a dancer.", "pirouetting": null, "pis": "A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.]\n\nTo put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]", - "pisa": null, "piscatorial": "Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.", - "pisces": "1. (Astron.) (a) The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked pisces in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish. 2. (Zoöl.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.", - "pisistratus": null, "pismire": "An ant, or emmet.", "pismires": "An ant, or emmet.", "piss": "To discharge urine, to urinate. Shak.\n\nUrine.", - "pissaro": null, "pissed": null, "pisser": null, "pissers": null, @@ -57594,7 +50303,6 @@ "pitapat": "In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats. Lowell. \"The fox's heart went pitapat.\" L'Estrange.\n\nA light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain. \"The pitapat of a pretty foot.\" Dryden.", "pitapats": "In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats. Lowell. \"The fox's heart went pitapat.\" L'Estrange.\n\nA light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain. \"The pitapat of a pretty foot.\" Dryden.", "pitas": "(a) A fiber obtained from the Agave Americana and other related species, -- used for making cordage and paper. Called also pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which yields the fiber.", - "pitcairn": null, "pitch": "1. A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them. He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. Ecclus. xiii. 1. 2. (Geol.) See Pitchstone. Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy pitch. See under Burgundy. -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree (Abies Canadensis); hemlock gum. -- Jew's pitch, bitumen. -- Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch coal (Min.), bituminous coal. -- Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous peat, with a waxy luster. -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North America.\n\n1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14. 2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure. The welkin pitched with sullen could. Addison.\n\n1. To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball. 2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a tent; to pitch a camp. 3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an embankment or a roadway. Knight. 4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune. 5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak. Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces have fixed positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish. -- To pitch into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]\n\n1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. \"Laban with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead.\" Gen. xxxi. 25. 2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight. The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. Mortimer. 3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon. Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the more easy. Tillotson. 4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as, to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the field pitches toward the east. Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of goods. Shak.\n\n1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good pitch in quoits. Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling \"Heads or tails;\" hence: To play pitch and toss with (anything), to be careless or trust to luck about it. \"To play pitch and toss with the property of the country.\" G. Eliot. -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck farthing, under 5th Chuck. 2. (Cricket) That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights when bowled. 3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or depression; hence, a limit or bound. Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep. Milton. Enterprises of great pitch and moment. Shak. To lowest pitch of abject fortune. Milton. He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. Addison. The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. Sharp. 4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras. 5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down. 6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof. 7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and low. Note: Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower. 8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out. 9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates. Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. -- Pitch line, or Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30°, of 45°, etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle. -- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. -- Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune. -- Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.", "pitchblende": "A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See Uraninite.", "pitched": null, @@ -57633,23 +50341,17 @@ "piton": null, "pitons": null, "pits": "1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation; specifically: (a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone pit; a gravel pit; or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit. Tumble me into some loathsome pit. Shak. 2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades. Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. Milton. He keepth back his soul from the pit. Job xxxiii. 18. 3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively. The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. Lam. iv. 20. 4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a) The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b) See Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox. 5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater. 6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. \"As fiercely as two gamecocks in the pit.\" Locke. 7. Etym: [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct. Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used in winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of a coal mine. -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit or mine. -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal. -- Pit martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit of the stomach (Anat.), the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression. -- Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a pit, whence the name. -- Pit viper (Zoöl.), any viperine snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are examples. -- Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.\n\n1. To place or put into a pit or hole. They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into the grave. T. Grander. 2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox. 3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest; as, to pit one dog against another.", - "pitt": null, "pitta": "Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family Pittidæ. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not related to the true thrushes. Note: The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.", "pittance": "1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole. \"A good pitaunce.\" Chaucer. One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money. Macaulay. 2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary or compensation. \"The small pittance of learning they received.\" Swift. The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.", "pittances": "1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole. \"A good pitaunce.\" Chaucer. One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money. Macaulay. 2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary or compensation. \"The small pittance of learning they received.\" Swift. The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.", "pittas": "Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family Pittidæ. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not related to the true thrushes. Note: The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.", "pitted": "1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2. 2. (Bot.) Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular parts of vegetable tissue.", "pitting": null, - "pittman": null, - "pitts": null, - "pittsburgh": null, - "pittsfield": null, "pituitaries": null, "pituitary": "(a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities. (b) Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa. Pituitary body or gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function, situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis. -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium.", "pity": "1. Piety. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; fellow- feeling; commiseration. He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. Prov. xix. 17. He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. Shak. 3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be regretted. \"The more the pity.\" Shak. What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country! Addison. Note: In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the colloquialism: \"It is a thousand pities.\" Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, fellow- suffering; fellow-feeling. -- Pity, Sympathy, Compassion. Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or inevitable misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering, but weak, and hence as inferior.\n\n1. To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13. 2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] It pitieth them to see her in the dust. Bk. of Com. Prayer.\n\nTo be compassionate; to show pity. I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. Jer. xiii. 14.", "pitying": "Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word. -- Pit\"y*ing*ly, adv.", "pityingly": null, - "pius": "A little more; as, più allegro, a little more briskly.", "pivot": "1. A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body turns. 2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as, the pivot of an arbor in a watch. 3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise. 4. (Mil.) The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot man. Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot span, turns about a central vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. -- Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a natural tooth by a pin or peg.\n\nTo place on a pivot. Clarke.", "pivotal": "Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.", "pivoted": null, @@ -57660,7 +50362,6 @@ "pixels": null, "pixie": "1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.] 2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.), a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]", "pixies": "1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.] 2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.), a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]", - "pizarro": null, "pizza": null, "pizzas": null, "pizzazz": null, @@ -57755,7 +50456,6 @@ "plaits": "1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait. The plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addison. 2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat. Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica.\n\n1. To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a ruffle. 2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to plait hair; to plait rope.", "plan": "1. A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram. 2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition. God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith. 3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom. The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they should keep who can. Wordsworth. Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc. Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; contrivance; device. See Scheme.\n\n1. To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram. 2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country. Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.", "planar": null, - "planck": null, "plane": "Any tree of the genus Platanus. Note: The Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (Platanus occidentalis), which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it is popularly called sycamore, buttonwood, and buttonball, names also applied to the California species (Platanus racemosa).\n\nWithout elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface. Note: In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface. Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane. -- Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve. -- Plane figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines it is a curvilinear plane figure. -- Plane geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures. -- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically by the aid of the right line and circle only. -- Plane sailing (Naut.), the method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that the earth's surface is a plane. -- Plane scale (Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. -- Plane surveying, surveying in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent. -- Plane table, an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the field. -- Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles.\n\n1. (Geom.) A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without curvature. 2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the equator. 3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate. 4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc. Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is supposed to stand. -- Perspective plane. See Perspective. -- Plane at infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely distant are conceived as situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane. -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. -- Plane of projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is made, corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; -- called also principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position in space. -- Plane of refraction or reflection (Opt.), the plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected ray.\n\n1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to plane a plank. 2. To efface or remove. He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. Chaucer. 3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.] What student came but that you planed her path. Tennyson.", "planed": null, "planeload": null, @@ -57781,10 +50481,8 @@ "planners": "One who plans; a projector.", "planning": null, "plannings": null, - "plano": null, "plans": "1. A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram. 2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition. God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith. 3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom. The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they should keep who can. Wordsworth. Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc. Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; contrivance; device. See Scheme.\n\n1. To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram. 2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country. Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.", "plant": "1. A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule. Note: Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into two series, phænogamous or flowering plants, which have true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting. The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion of zoöspores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion. 2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. \"A plant of stubborn oak.\" Dryden. 3. The sole of the foot. [R.] \"Knotty legs and plants of clay.\" B. Jonson. 4. (Com.) The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad. 5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang] It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. Dickens. 6. (Zoöl.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting. [Local, U.S.] Plant bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and trees. -- Plant cutter (Zoöl.), a South American passerine bird of the genus Phytotoma, family Phytotomidæ. It has a serrated bill with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much injury. -- Plant louse (Zoöl.), any small hemipterous insect which infests plants, especially those of the families Aphidæ and Psyllidæ; an aphid.\n\n1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots. Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. Deut. xvi. 21. 3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest. 4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of. It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak. 5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a colony. Planting of countries like planting of woods. Bacon. 6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant Christianity among the heathen. 7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face. 8. To set up; to install; to instate. We will plant some other in the throne. Shak.\n\nTo perform the act of planting. I have planted; Apollos watered. 1 Cor. iii. 6.", - "plantagenet": null, "plantain": "1. (Bot.) A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called plantains. See Musa. 2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked. Plantain cutter, or Plantain eater (Zoöl.), any one of several large African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagidæ, especially Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos. -- Plantain squirrel (Zoöl.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani) which feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).\n\nAny plant of the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world. Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves. -- Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white. -- Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of North America. -- Water plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon.", "plantains": "1. (Bot.) A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called plantains. See Musa. 2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked. Plantain cutter, or Plantain eater (Zoöl.), any one of several large African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagidæ, especially Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos. -- Plantain squirrel (Zoöl.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani) which feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).\n\nAny plant of the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world. Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves. -- Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white. -- Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of North America. -- Water plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon.", "plantar": "Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.", @@ -57813,7 +50511,6 @@ "plastering": "1. Same as Plaster, n., 2. 2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster. 3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.", "plasters": "1. (Med.) An external application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster. 2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See Mortar. 3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer. Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold. -- Plaster of Paris. Etym: [So called because originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum. -- Plaster of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint. -- Plaster stone, any species of gypsum. See Gypsum.\n\n1. To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore. 2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a house. 3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster. Bale.", "plastic": "1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior. See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope. 2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; - - used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child. 3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts. Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford. Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so called because used in making pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a higher form. -- Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of healing is effected. -- Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note under Food. -- Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force. -- Plastic operation, an operation in plastic surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body. a substance composed predominantly of a synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded; many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905]", - "plasticine": null, "plasticity": "1. The quality or state of being plastic. 2. (Physiol.) Plastic force. Dunglison.", "plasticize": null, "plasticized": null, @@ -57822,7 +50519,6 @@ "plastics": "1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior. See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope. 2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; - - used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child. 3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts. Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford. Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so called because used in making pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a higher form. -- Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of healing is effected. -- Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note under Food. -- Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force. -- Plastic operation, an operation in plastic surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body. a substance composed predominantly of a synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded; many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905]", "plastique": null, "plat": "To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. \"They had platted a crown of thorns.\" Matt. xxvii. 29.\n\nWork done by platting or braiding; a plait. Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.\n\nA small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground. This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton. I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.\n\nTo lay out in plats or plots, as ground.\n\nPlain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.\n\n1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.] But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R. 2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.\n\n1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. 2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] \"To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat.\" Hakluyt.", - "plataea": null, "plate": "1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal; as, a steel plate. 2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces. Mangled . . . through plate and mail. Milton. 3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc., wrought in gold or silver. 4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is genuine silver or gold. 5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table. 6. Etym: [Cf. Sp. plata silver.] A piece of money, usually silver money. [Obs.] \"Realms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket.\" Shak. 7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a book illustrated with plates; a fashion plate. 8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from; as, publisher's plates. 9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber, celluloid, etc. 10. (Arch.) A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of the roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters. 11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or tinctured argent. 12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that is sensitive to light. 13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest. Note: Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as, plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or plate- rack. Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. -- Plate armor. (a) See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels, fortifications, and the like. -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or scapula. -- Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together. -- Plate glass. See under Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates. -- Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes them to the sleepers or ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a press with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved steel or copper plates. -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved plates. -- Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an engraved plate or plates. -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery. -- Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes.\n\n1. To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as electrotyping. 2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for defense. Thus plated in habiliments of war. Shak. 3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness. 4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or laminæ. 5. To calender; as, to plate paper.", "plateau": "1. A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table-land. 2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.", "plateaued": null, @@ -57840,22 +50536,17 @@ "platformed": null, "platforming": null, "platforms": "1. A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.] lf the platform just reflects the order. Pope. 3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a standing place. 4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook platform; a political platform. \"The platform of Geneva.\" Hooker. 5. (Naut.) A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop. Platform car, a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering; a f -- Platform scale, a weighing machine, with a flat platform on which objects are weighed.\n\n1. To place on a platform. [R.] 2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.] Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. Milton.", - "plath": null, "plating": "1. The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition. 2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal. 3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.", "platinum": "A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called platina. Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent. -- Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements which in their chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of the light platinum group, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about 12; and the heavy platinum group, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over 21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.", "platitude": "1. The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language. To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite platitude. Motley. 2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a commonplace.", "platitudes": "1. The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language. To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite platitude. Motley. 2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a commonplace.", "platitudinous": "Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes; uttering platitudes. -- Plat`i*tu\"di*nous*ness, n.", - "plato": null, "platonic": "1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions. 2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical. Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron. -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for which Plato was a warm advocate. -- Platonic year (Astron.), a period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect to the equinoxes; -- called also great year. This revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000 years. Barlow.\n\nA follower of Plato; a Platonist.", - "platonism": "1. The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers. Note: Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out of preëxistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it is the product of our reason, which, as partaking of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge of things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet are called Platonists. Murdock. 2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical notions.", - "platonist": "One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato. Hammond.", "platoon": "(a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.", "platooned": null, "platooning": null, "platoons": "(a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.", "plats": "To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. \"They had platted a crown of thorns.\" Matt. xxvii. 29.\n\nWork done by platting or braiding; a plait. Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.\n\nA small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground. This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton. I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.\n\nTo lay out in plats or plots, as ground.\n\nPlain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.\n\n1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.] But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R. 2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.\n\n1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. 2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] \"To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat.\" Hakluyt.", - "platte": null, "platted": null, "platter": "One who plats or braids.\n\nA large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to the table. The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.", "platters": "One who plats or braids.\n\nA large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to the table. The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -57869,7 +50560,6 @@ "plausibility": "1. Something worthy of praise. [Obs.] Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. E. Vaughan. 2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness. To give any plausibility to a scheme. De Quincey. 3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.", "plausible": "1. Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. 2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right; specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible delusion. \"Plausible and popular arguments.\" Clarendon. 3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker. Syn. -- Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false. Specious refers more definitely to the act or purpose of false representation; plausible has more reference to the effect on the beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it is not plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.", "plausibly": "1. In a plausible manner. 2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.] The Romans plausibly did give consent. Shak.", - "plautus": null, "play": "1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot. As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play! Pope. And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame and sword. Keble. 2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless. \"Nay,\" quod this monk, \"I have no lust to pleye.\" Chaucer. Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple. 3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes. 4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute. One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32. Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville. 5. To act; to behave; to practice deception. His mother played false with a smith. Shak. 6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays. The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne. 7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport. Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak. The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets. Addison. All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart. Pope. 8. To act on the stage; to personate a character. A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak. Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne. To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive. Art thou alive Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight. Shak. (b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application to; as, to play upon words.\n\n1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a fortification; to play a trump. First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the soul. Herbert. 2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ. 3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a waltz on the violin. 4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute; as, to play tricks. Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin fancies. Milton. 5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play the woman. Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott. 6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball. 7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it. To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks. -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; to contrive. -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources. [Colloq.]\n\n1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols. 2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or diversion; a game. John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot. 3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune in play. 4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword play; a play of wit. \"The next who comes in play.\" Dryden. 5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action. A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden. 6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he attends ever play. 7. Performance on an instrument of music. 8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. \"To give them play, front and rear.\" Milton. The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play between them. Moxon. 9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full play to mirth. Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt. Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. -- To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed. I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.", "playable": null, "playact": null, @@ -57916,8 +50606,6 @@ "plays": "1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot. As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play! Pope. And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame and sword. Keble. 2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless. \"Nay,\" quod this monk, \"I have no lust to pleye.\" Chaucer. Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple. 3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes. 4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute. One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32. Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville. 5. To act; to behave; to practice deception. His mother played false with a smith. Shak. 6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays. The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne. 7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport. Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak. The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets. Addison. All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart. Pope. 8. To act on the stage; to personate a character. A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak. Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne. To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive. Art thou alive Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight. Shak. (b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application to; as, to play upon words.\n\n1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a fortification; to play a trump. First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the soul. Herbert. 2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ. 3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a waltz on the violin. 4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute; as, to play tricks. Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin fancies. Milton. 5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play the woman. Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott. 6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball. 7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it. To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks. -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; to contrive. -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources. [Colloq.]\n\n1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols. 2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or diversion; a game. John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot. 3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune in play. 4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword play; a play of wit. \"The next who comes in play.\" Dryden. 5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action. A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden. 6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he attends ever play. 7. Performance on an instrument of music. 8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. \"To give them play, front and rear.\" Milton. The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play between them. Moxon. 9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full play to mirth. Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt. Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. -- To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed. I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.", "playschool": null, "playschools": null, - "playstation": null, - "playtex": null, "plaything": "A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse. A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little more advanced age. Locke.", "playthings": "A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse. A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little more advanced age. Locke.", "playtime": "Time for play or diversion.", @@ -57975,8 +50663,6 @@ "pledged": null, "pledges": "1. (Law) The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn. Note: Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all these points it differs from a mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in the last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law. See Hypotheca. Story. Kent. 2. (Old Eng. Law) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. \"I am Grumio's pledge.\" Shak. 3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession. 4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the performance of treaties. \"That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope.\" Milton. 5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the pledge; the mayor had made no pledges. 6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a toast; a health. Dead pledge. Etym: [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage. See Mortgage. -- Living pledge. Etym: [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.] (Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. -- To hold in pledge, to keep as security. -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to give as security. Syn. -- See Earnest.\n\n1. To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch. 2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; as, to pledge one's word and honor. We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. The Declaration of Independence. 3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.] To pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shak. 4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as, to pledge one's self. 5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health of; to toast. Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. Cowley.", "pledging": null, - "pleiades": "1. (Myth.) The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky. 2. (Astron.) A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31. Note: Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was considered by Mädler the central point around which our universe is revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.", - "pleistocene": "Of or pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man. -- n. The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.", "plenaries": null, "plenary": "Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license; plenary authority. A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. I. Watts. Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins. -- Plenary inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.\n\nDecisive procedure. [Obs.]", "plenipotentiaries": null, @@ -57995,8 +50681,6 @@ "pleura": "pl. of Pleuron.\n\n1. (Anat.) (a) The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane. (b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall. 2. (Zoöl.) Same as Pleuron.", "pleurae": null, "pleurisy": "An inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity. Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers; -- called also butterfly weed.", - "plexiglas": null, - "plexiglases": null, "plexus": "1. (Anat.) A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers. 2. (Math.) The system of equations required for the complete expression of the relations which exist between a set of quantities. Brande & C.", "plexuses": null, "pliability": "The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; as, pliability of disposition. \"Pliability of movement.\" Sir W. Scott.", @@ -58015,10 +50699,6 @@ "plimsolls": null, "plinth": "(Arch.) In classical architecture, a vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See Illust. of Column.", "plinths": "(Arch.) In classical architecture, a vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See Illust. of Column.", - "pliny": null, - "pliocene": "Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary age.\n\nThe Pliocene period or deposits.", - "pliocenes": "Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary age.\n\nThe Pliocene period or deposits.", - "plo": null, "plod": "1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak. 2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently. \"Plodding schoolmen.\" Drayton.\n\nTo walk on slowly or heavily. The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. Gray.", "plodded": null, "plodder": "One who plods; a drudge.", @@ -58144,8 +50824,6 @@ "plushly": null, "plushness": null, "plushy": "Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.", - "plutarch": null, - "pluto": "The son of Saturn and Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower World. Pluto monkey (Zoöl.), a long- tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus pluto), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.", "plutocracies": null, "plutocracy": "A form of government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men.", "plutocrat": "One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one of the plutocracy.", @@ -58155,27 +50833,20 @@ "pluvial": "1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.] 2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain.\n\nA priest's cope.", "ply": "1. To bend. [Obs.] As men may warm wax with handes plie. Chaucer. 2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one with questions, with solicitations, or with drink. And plies him with redoubled strokes Dryden. He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak. 3. To employ diligently; to use steadily. Go ply thy needle; meddle not. Shak. 4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at. Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller.\n\n1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.] It would rather burst atwo than plye. Chaucer. The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange. 2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer plies between certain ports. Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard and daily). Milton. He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. Addison. The heavy hammers and mallets plied. Longfellow. 3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat.\n\n1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot. 2. Bent; turn; direction; bias. The late learners can not so well take the ply. Bacon. Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not understand the secret plies of his character. W. Irving. The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the last. Macaulay. Note: Ply is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.", "plying": null, - "plymouth": null, "plywood": null, "pm": null, - "pmed": null, - "pming": null, - "pms": null, "pneumatic": "1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid. The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body. Bacon. 2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties; pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. \"Pneumatical discoveries.\" Stewart. 3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic instrument; a pneumatic engine. 4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as, pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones. Pneumatic action, or Pneumatic lever (Mus.), a contrivance for overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. -- Pneumatic dispatch, a system of tubes, leading to various points, through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and pressure of air. -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure. -- Pneumatic pump, an air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric railway, under Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances. -- Pneumatic trough, a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for collecting gases in chemical operations. -- Pneumatic tube. See Pneumatic dispatch, above.", "pneumatically": null, "pneumococcal": null, "pneumococci": null, "pneumococcus": "A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.", "pneumonia": "Inflammation of the lungs. Note: Catarrhal pneumonia, or Broncho-pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time. -- Croupous pneumonia, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under Croupous. -- Fibroid pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.", - "po": null, "poach": "1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon. 2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game; hence, to plunder. Garth.\n\nTo steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night; to hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for salmon.\n\n1. To stab; to pierce; to spear, \\as fish. [Obs.] Carew. 2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.] His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow ground. Sir W. Temple. 3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson. 4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon.\n\nTo become soft or muddy. Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter. Mortimer.", "poached": null, "poacher": "1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to law. 2. (Zoöl.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.] Sea poacher (Zoöl.), the lyrie.", "poachers": "1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to law. 2. (Zoöl.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.] Sea poacher (Zoöl.), the lyrie.", "poaches": null, "poaching": null, - "pocahontas": null, - "pocatello": null, "pock": "A pustule raised on the surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases. Of pokkes and of scab every sore. Chaucer.", "pocked": null, "pocket": "1. A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively, money; wealth. 2. One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the balls are driven. 3. A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger, hops, cowries, etc. Note: In the wool or hop trade, the pocket contains half sack, or about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being sold by actual weight. 4. (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, or the like. 5. (Mining.) (a) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A hole containing water. 6. (Nat.) A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a light spar can placed in the interspace. 7. (Zoöl.) Same as Pouch. Note: Pocket is often used adjectively, or in the formation of compound words usually of obvious signification; as, pocket comb, pocket compass, pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket money, pocket picking, or pocket-picking, etc. Out of pocket. See under Out, prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough \"owned\" by some person. See under Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American rodents of the genera Geomys, and Thomomys, family Geomydæ. They have large external cheek pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North America, from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called also pouched gopher. -- Pocket mouse (Zoöl.), any species of American mice of the family Saccomyidæ. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo mice. They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc. -- Pocket piece, a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent. -- Pocket pistol, a pistol to be carried in the pocket. -- Pocket sheriff (Eng. Law), a sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without a nomination by the judges in the exchequer. Burrill. deep pocket, or deep pockets, wealth or substantial financial assets. Note: Used esp. in legal actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a defendant with \"deep pockets\", so as to be able to actually obtain the sum of damages which may be judged due to him. This contrasts with a \"judgment-proof\" defendant, one who has neither assets nor insurance, and against whom a judgment for monetary damages would be worthless.\n\n1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change. He would pocket the expense of the license. Sterne. 2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently. He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long been dead. Macaulay. To pocket a ball (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the table. -- To pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront without open resentment, or without seeking redress. \"I must pocket up these wrongs.\" Shak.", @@ -58194,24 +50865,18 @@ "pockmarking": null, "pockmarks": "A mark or pit made by smallpox.", "pocks": "A pustule raised on the surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases. Of pokkes and of scab every sore. Chaucer.", - "pocono": null, - "poconos": null, "pod": "1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. 2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous. 3. (Zoöl.) A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; -- said of seals. Pod auger, or pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of which is straight instead of twisted.\n\nTo swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.", "podcast": null, "podcasting": null, "podcasts": null, "podded": "Having pods.", "podding": null, - "podgorica": null, - "podhoretz": null, "podiatrist": null, "podiatrists": null, "podiatry": null, "podium": "1. (Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall. It is especially employed by archæologists in two senses: (a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began. (b) The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes containing chambers. See Illust. of Column. 2. (Zoöl.) The foot.", "podiums": "1. (Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall. It is especially employed by archæologists in two senses: (a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began. (b) The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes containing chambers. See Illust. of Column. 2. (Zoöl.) The foot.", "pods": "1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. 2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous. 3. (Zoöl.) A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; -- said of seals. Pod auger, or pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of which is straight instead of twisted.\n\nTo swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.", - "podunk": null, - "poe": "Same as Pol.", "poem": "1. A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from prose; as, the poems of Homer or of Milton. 2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.", "poems": "1. A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from prose; as, the poems of Homer or of Milton. 2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.", "poesy": "1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the heavenly gift of poesy. Shak. 2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems. Music and poesy used to quicken you. Shak. 3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy. Bacon.", @@ -58226,14 +50891,12 @@ "poetics": "The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton.", "poetry": "1. The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression. For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge, human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language. Coleridge. 2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric poetry. \"The planetlike music of poetry.\" Sir P. Sidney. She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry. Shak. POETS' CORNER Po\"ets' Cor\"ner. An angle in the south transept of Westminster Abbey, London; -- so called because it contains the tombs of Chaucer, Spenser, Dryden, Ben Jonson, Gray, Tennyson, Browning, and other English poets, and memorials to many buried elsewhere.", "poets": "One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer. The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak. A poet is a maker, as the word signifies. Dryden. Poet laureate. See under Laureate.", - "pogo": null, "pogrom": null, "pogroms": null, "poi": "A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste, which is allowed to ferment.", "poignancy": "The quality or state of being poignant; as, the poignancy of satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift.", "poignant": "1. Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. \"His poignant spear.\" Spenser. \"Poynaunt sauce.\" Chaucer. 2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical. His wit . . . became more lively and poignant. Sir W. Scott.", "poignantly": "In a poignant manner.", - "poincare": null, "poinciana": "A prickly tropical shrub (Cæsalpinia, formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments. Note: The genus Poinciana is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.", "poincianas": "A prickly tropical shrub (Cæsalpinia, formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments. Note: The genus Poinciana is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.", "poinsettia": "A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with very large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.", @@ -58255,8 +50918,6 @@ "pointlessness": null, "points": "To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin. 2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer. 3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line. 4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick. 5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced. 6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge. When time's first point begun Made he all souls. Sir J. Davies. 7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion. And there a point, for ended is my tale. Chaucer. Commas and points they set exactly right. Pope. 8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by tenpoints. \"A point of precedence.\" Selden. \"Creeping on from point to point.\" Tennyson. A lord full fat and in good point. Chaucer. 9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc. He told him, point for point, in short and plain. Chaucer. In point of religion and in point of honor. Bacon. Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty Milton. 10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be established; as, the point of an anecdote. \"Here lies the point.\" Shak. They will hardly prove his point. Arbuthnot. 11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio. This fellow doth not stand upon points. Shak. [He] cared not for God or man a point. Spenser. 12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as: (a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a tune. \"Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a flourish, but a point of war.\" Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes. 13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See Equinoctial Nodal. 14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See Escutcheon. 15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see Points of the compass, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef. 16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress. Sir W. Scott. 17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See Point lace, below. 18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.] 19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant, U. S.] 20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman. 21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the dog came to a point. See Pointer. 22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point system of type, under Type. 23. A tyne or snag of an antler. 24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board. 25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce point. Note: The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc. At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At point, In point, At, In, or On, the point, as near as can be; on the verge; about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was on the point of speaking. \"In point to fall down.\" Chaucer. \"Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side.\" Milton. -- Dead point. (Mach.) Same as Dead center, under Dead. -- Far point (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye separately (monocular near point). -- Nine points of the law, all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority. -- On the point. See At point, above. -- Point lace, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow. -- Point net, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). -- Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity change sides. -- Point of order, in parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the rules. -- Point of sight (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator. -- Point of view, the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject is considered. -- Points of the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See Illust. under Compass. -- Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design. -- Point system of type. See under Type. -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. -- To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. -- To make a point of, to attach special importance to. -- To make, or gain, a point, accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position. -- To mark, or score, a point, as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. -- To strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. -- Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant.\n\n1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart, or a pencil. Used also figuratively; as, to point a moral. 2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf, or a cannon at a fort. 3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of. Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and pointed to every scene of them. Pope. 4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to point a composition. 5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points. 6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner; to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed out. Pope. He points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward manner of speech. Dickens. 7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game. 8. (Masonry) To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface. 9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool. To point a rope (Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by interweaving the nettles. -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To point off, to divide into periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To point the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that the wind shall strike the sails obliquely. Totten.\n\n1. To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; -- with at. Now must the world point at poor Katharine. Shak. Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe. Dryden. 2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as certain hunting dogs do. He treads with caution, and he points with fear. Gay. 3. (Med.) To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an abscess. To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to. -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; -- said of a vessel.", "pointy": null, - "poiret": null, - "poirot": null, "poise": "1. Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness. \"Weights of an extraordinary poise.\" Evelyn. 2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the substance weighed. 3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise; balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley. 4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight. Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment. Dryden.\n\n1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a balance. 2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance. Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own foundation lie. Dryden. 3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance. One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. Shak. To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. Dryden. 4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh. He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and discern the evidence. South. 5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.] Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow. Shak.\n\nTo hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or doubt. The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. Longfellow.", "poised": null, "poises": "1. Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness. \"Weights of an extraordinary poise.\" Evelyn. 2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the substance weighed. 3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise; balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley. 4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight. Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment. Dryden.\n\n1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a balance. 2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance. Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own foundation lie. Dryden. 3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance. One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. Shak. To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. Dryden. 4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh. He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and discern the evidence. South. 5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.] Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow. Shak.\n\nTo hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or doubt. The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. Longfellow.", @@ -58270,11 +50931,8 @@ "poisonous": "Having the qualities or effects of poison; venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious. Shak. -- Poi\"son*ous*ly, adv. -- Poi\"son*ous*ness, n.", "poisonously": null, "poisons": "1. Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of pestilential diseases. 2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the poison of evil example; the poison of sin. Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera) found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac (Rhus venenata). [U. S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac. -- Poison fang (Zoöl.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of some species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under Fang. -- Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ capable of inflicting a wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous umbelliferous plant (Conium maculatum). See Hemlock. -- Poison ivy (Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus Toxicodendron) of North America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac. Called also poison oak, and mercury. -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica. (b) The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon. Poison sac. (Zoöl.) Same as Poison gland, above. See Illust. under Fang. -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R. venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison dogwood, and poison elder. It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles, and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree (Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan. Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. -- Poison, Venom. Poison usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth, breath, etc. Venom is something discharged from animals and received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, venom specifically implies some malignity of nature or purpose.\n\n1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison an arrow; to poison food or drink. \"The ingredients of our poisoned chalice.\" Shak. 2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to. If you poison us, do we not die Shak. 3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness; slander poisoned his mind. Whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge.\n\nTo act as, or convey, a poison. Tooth that poisons if it bite. Shak.", - "poisson": null, - "poitier": null, "poke": "A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.\n\n1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. \"He drew a dial from his poke.\" Shak. They wallowed as pigs in a poke. Chaucer. 2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve. To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it. Camden.\n\n1. To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire. He poked John, and said \"Sleepest thou \" Chaucer. 2. To thrust with the horns; to gore. 3. Etym: [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq. U. S.] To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]\n\nTo search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to poke about. A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. Prior.\n\n1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld. Lytton. 2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett. 3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward. [U.S.] Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.", "poked": null, - "pokemon": null, "poker": "1. One who pokes. 2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals. 3. A poking-stick. Decker. 4. (Zoöl.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron. Fairholt.\n\nA game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States. Johnson's Cyc. Note: A poker hand is played with a poker deck, composed of fifty-two cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being represented once in each of four \"suits\", namely spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs. The game is played in many variations, but almost invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs when each player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some larger number available to him). The winner usually is the player with the highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the winner may be the player with the lowest-valued hand. The value of a hand is ranked by hand types, representing the relationships of the cards to each other. [The hand types are ranked by the probability of receiving such a hand when dealt five cards.] Within each hand type the value is also ranked by the values of the cards. The hand types are labeled, in decreasing value: five of a kind; royal flush; straight flush; four of a kind; full house (coll. full boat, or boat); flush; straight; three of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when the contending players have no hands of any of the above types, the player with the highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the winner, and so on. If two players have the same type of hand, the value of the cards within each type determines the winner; thus, if two players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a higher type of hand), the player whose three matched cards have the highest card value is the winner.\n\nAny imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U. S.]", "pokers": "1. One who pokes. 2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals. 3. A poking-stick. Decker. 4. (Zoöl.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron. Fairholt.\n\nA game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States. Johnson's Cyc. Note: A poker hand is played with a poker deck, composed of fifty-two cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being represented once in each of four \"suits\", namely spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs. The game is played in many variations, but almost invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs when each player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some larger number available to him). The winner usually is the player with the highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the winner may be the player with the lowest-valued hand. The value of a hand is ranked by hand types, representing the relationships of the cards to each other. [The hand types are ranked by the probability of receiving such a hand when dealt five cards.] Within each hand type the value is also ranked by the values of the cards. The hand types are labeled, in decreasing value: five of a kind; royal flush; straight flush; four of a kind; full house (coll. full boat, or boat); flush; straight; three of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when the contending players have no hands of any of the above types, the player with the highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the winner, and so on. If two players have the same type of hand, the value of the cards within each type determines the winner; thus, if two players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a higher type of hand), the player whose three matched cards have the highest card value is the winner.\n\nAny imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U. S.]", "pokes": "A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.\n\n1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. \"He drew a dial from his poke.\" Shak. They wallowed as pigs in a poke. Chaucer. 2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve. To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it. Camden.\n\n1. To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire. He poked John, and said \"Sleepest thou \" Chaucer. 2. To thrust with the horns; to gore. 3. Etym: [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq. U. S.] To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]\n\nTo search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to poke about. A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. Prior.\n\n1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld. Lytton. 2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett. 3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward. [U.S.] Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.", @@ -58285,10 +50943,7 @@ "poking": "Drudging; servile. [Colloq.] Bred to some poking profession. Gray.", "poky": "1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.] 2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]", "pol": null, - "poland": null, - "polanski": null, "polar": "1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, polar regions; polar seas; polar winds. 2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed. 3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating point; as, polar coördinates. Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zoöl.), a large bear (Ursus, or Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow. Called also White bear. See Bear. -- Polar body, cell, or globule (Biol.), a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozoön; but their functions are not fully understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or about 23º 28', the northern called the arctic circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of the sky, which is always 90º from the sun. -- Polar coördinates. See under 3d Coördinate. -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a great circle passing through the poles of the earth. Math. Dict. -- Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north pole of the heavens. -- Polar equation of a line or surface, an equation which expresses the relation between the polar coördinates of every point of the line or surface. -- Polar forces (Physics), forces that are developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. -- Polar hare (Zoöl.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus arcticus), which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety of the common European hare (L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis. -- Polar, or Polaric, opposition or contrast (Logic), an opposition or contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as possible. -- Polar projection. See under Projection. -- Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical triangle whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle. See 4th Pole, 2. -- Polar whale (Zoöl.), the right whale, or bowhead. See Whale.\n\nThe right line drawn through the two points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a given conic section. The given point is called the pole of the line. If the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents become imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet the curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar planes to surfaces of the second degree.", - "polaris": "The polestar. See North star, under North.", "polarities": null, "polarity": "1. (Physics) That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite, or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition giving rise to a contrast of properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, as, for example, attraction and repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray of light, etc. 2. (Geom.) A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n.", "polarization": "1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity. 2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions. Note: If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56°, be received upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore, acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass, and is called polarized light, while the modification which the light has experienced by this reflection is called polarization. The plane in which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called the plane of polarization. The angle of polarization is the angle at which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may be the most complete. The term polarization was derived from the theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be partially polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory polarization. A beam of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or elliptical polarization. 3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the cell.", @@ -58296,8 +50951,6 @@ "polarized": null, "polarizes": "To communicate polarity to.", "polarizing": null, - "polaroid": null, - "polaroids": null, "pole": "A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.\n\n1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as, specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the carriage is guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a flag is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers. (e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained. 2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5 Bacon. Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean which is customarily trained on poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean. -- Pole flounder (Zoöl.), a large deep-water flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed as a food fish; -- called also craig flounder, and pole fluke. -- Pole lathe, a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above. -- Pole mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a single tree. -- Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis meets the surface. -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It differs from the plate in not resting on the wall.\n\n1. To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops. 2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn. 3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat. 4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.\n\n1. Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north pole. 2. (Spherics) A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the pole of that circle; as, the pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the pole of a given meridian. 3. (Physics) One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a force which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles of a magnet; the north pole of a needle. 4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic] Shoots against the dusky pole. Milton. 5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and Polar, n. Magnetic pole. See under Magnetic. -- Poles of the earth, or Terrestrial poles (Geog.), the two opposite points on the earth's surface through which its axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens, or Celestial poles, the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens appear to revolve.", "poleaxe": "Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a vessel.", "poleaxed": null, @@ -58363,7 +51016,6 @@ "politics": "1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals. 2. The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of parties with reference to political measures or the administration of public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of political candidates or parties; political trickery. When we say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that they are wrangling about some mere party question. F. W. Robertson.", "polities": null, "polity": "1. The form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by which the various departments of government are combined into a systematic whole. Blackstone. Hooker. 2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any human institution. Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less polity ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it. Hooker. 3. Policy; art; management. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- Policy. -- Polity, Policy. These two words were originally the same. Polity is now confined to the structure of a government; as, civil or ecclesiastical polity; while policy is applied to the scheme of management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as, foreign or domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of skillful or cunning management.", - "polk": null, "polka": "1. A dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by two persons in common time. 2. (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the third quaver accented. Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by women.", "polkaed": null, "polkaing": null, @@ -58385,7 +51037,6 @@ "polling": "1. The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges. 2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall. 3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote. Polling booth, a temporary structure where the voting at an election is done; a polling place.", "polliwog": "A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.", "polliwogs": "A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.", - "pollock": "A marine gadoid fish (Pollachius carbonarius), native both of the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In England it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc.", "polls": "A parrot; -- familiarly so called.\n\nOne who does not try for honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge Univ., Eng.]\n\n1. The head; the back part of the head. \"All flaxen was his poll.\" Shak. 2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or individuals. We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands. Shak. The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to fifteen thousand poll. Shak. 3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in an election. 4. The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as, the close of the poll. All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to return till one day after the poll is ended. Blackstone. 5. pl. The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to the polls. 6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax. 7. (Zoöl.) The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a). Poll book, a register of persons entitled to vote at an election. -- Poll evil (Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck. -- Poll pick (Mining), a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of crowbar. -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation tax.\n\n1. To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree. When he [Absalom] pollled his head. 2 Sam. xiv. 26. His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs. Sir T. North. 2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop; -- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll grass. Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it. Chapman. 3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.] Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise. Spenser. 4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.] 5. To pay as one's personal tax. The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. Dryden. 6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one. Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those of his three kingdoms. Milton. 7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent. And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. Tickell. 8. (Law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation; as, a polled deed. See Dee. Burrill. To poll a jury, to call upon each member of the jury to answer individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been rendered.\n\nTo vote at an election. Beaconsfield.", "pollster": null, "pollsters": null, @@ -58398,15 +51049,11 @@ "pollutes": "1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement. The land was polluted with blood. Ps. cvi. 38 Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. 2 Esd. xv. 6. 2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor. 3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse. Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die. Num. xviii. 32. They have polluted themselves with blood. Lam. iv. 14. Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; dishonor; ravish.\n\nPolluted. [R.] Milton.", "polluting": "Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution. -- Pol*lut\"ing*ly, adv.", "pollution": "1. The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity. 2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse. Dunglison.", - "pollux": "1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor. 2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite.", - "polly": "A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.", - "pollyanna": null, "polo": "1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the players on horseback. 2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.", "polonaise": "Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.]\n\n1. The Polish language. 2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece. 3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.", "polonaises": "Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.]\n\n1. The Polish language. 2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece. 3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.", "polonium": "A supposed new element, a radioactive substance discovered by M. and MMe. Curie in pitchblende. It is closely related chemically to bismuth. It emits only alpha rays and is perhaps identical with radium F.", "pols": null, - "poltava": null, "poltergeist": null, "poltergeists": null, "poltroon": "An arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch. Shak.\n\nBase; vile; contemptible; cowardly.", @@ -58438,7 +51085,6 @@ "polyhedral": "Having many sides, as a solid body. Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.", "polyhedron": "1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or planes. 2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.", "polyhedrons": "1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or planes. 2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.", - "polyhymnia": "The Muse of lyric poetry.", "polymath": null, "polymaths": null, "polymer": "Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization. [Formerly also written polymere.]", @@ -58451,13 +51097,9 @@ "polymers": "Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization. [Formerly also written polymere.]", "polymorphic": "Polymorphous.", "polymorphous": "1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; as, a polymorphous author. De Quincey. 2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed to monomorphic.", - "polynesia": null, - "polynesian": "Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.", - "polynesians": "The race of men native in Polynesia.", "polynomial": "An expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.\n\n1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial theorem. 2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.", "polynomials": "An expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.\n\n1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial theorem. 2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.", "polyp": "(a) One of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral. (b) One of the Anthozoa. (c) pl. Same as Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written also polype.] Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. -- Polyp stem (Zoöl.), that portion of the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding zooids.", - "polyphemus": "A very large American moth (Telea polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm family (Bombycidæ). Its larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong silk. Called also American silkworm.", "polyphonic": "1. Having a multiplicity of sounds. 2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters. 3. (Mus.) Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts, progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint; contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic, or monodic.", "polyphony": "1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo. 2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal sign. 3. (Mus.) Composition in mutually related, equally important parts which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed to homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint.", "polypropylene": null, @@ -58490,24 +51132,18 @@ "pomanders": "(a) A perfume to be carried with one, often in the form of a ball. (b) A box to contain such perfume, formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon.", "pomegranate": "1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp. 2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex. xxviii. 33.", "pomegranates": "1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp. 2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex. xxviii. 33.", - "pomerania": null, - "pomeranian": "Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of Prussia on the Baltic Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania. Pomeranian dog (Zoöl.), the loup-loup, or Spitz dog.", "pommel": "A knob or ball; an object resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a sword. Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c) The top (of the head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a turret or pavilion.\n\nTo beat soundly, as with the pommel of a sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists. [Written also pummel.]", "pommeled": null, "pommeling": null, "pommels": "A knob or ball; an object resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a sword. Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c) The top (of the head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a turret or pavilion.\n\nTo beat soundly, as with the pommel of a sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists. [Written also pummel.]", "pommies": null, "pommy": null, - "pomona": "The goddess of fruits and fruit trees.", "pomp": "1. A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant. \"All the pomps of a Roman triumph.\" Addison. 2. Show of magnificence; parade; display; power. Syn. -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state; magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.\n\nTo make a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "pompadour": "A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called after the Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used adjectively.", "pompadoured": null, "pompadours": "A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called after the Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used adjectively.", "pompano": "1. Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United States; -- called also palometa. Note: They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (T. thomboides) and the Carolina pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast. 2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as a food fish. Pompano shell (Zoöl.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; -- so called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]", "pompanos": "1. Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United States; -- called also palometa. Note: They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (T. thomboides) and the Carolina pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast. 2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as a food fish. Pompano shell (Zoöl.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; -- so called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]", - "pompeian": "Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, Pompeii, an ancient city of Italy, buried by an eruption of Vesuvius in 79 a. d., and partly uncovered by modern excavations.", - "pompeii": null, - "pompey": null, "pompom": null, "pompoms": null, "pomposity": "The quality or state of being pompous; pompousness. Thackeray.", @@ -58544,9 +51180,6 @@ "poniards": "A kind of dagger, -- usually a slender one with a triangular or square blade. She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.\n\nTo pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper.", "ponied": null, "ponies": null, - "pontchartrain": null, - "pontiac": null, - "pontianak": null, "pontiff": "A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith. (b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.", "pontiffs": "A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith. (b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.", "pontifical": "1. Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as, pontifical authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal. 2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.] Now had they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge of pendent rock Over the vexed abyss. Milton.\n\n1. A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff. South. 2. pl. The dress and ornaments of a pontiff. \"Dressed in full pontificals.\" Sir W. Scott.", @@ -58579,7 +51212,6 @@ "poohs": "Pshaw! pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.", "pooing": null, "pool": "1. A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; as, the pools of Solomon. Wyclif. Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool. Bacon. The sleepy pool above the dam. Tennyson. 2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. \"The filthy mantled pool beyond your cell.\" Shak.\n\n1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also, the receptacle for the stakes. 2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table. Note: This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the pockets. He plays pool at the billiard houses. Thackeray. 3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the winners. 4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join. 5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed; as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 into the pool. 6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata according to agreement. 7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities. Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of the colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called pool. -- Pool snipe (Zoöl.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pool table, a billiard table with pockets.\n\nTo put together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the companies pooled their traffic. Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. U. S. Grant.\n\nTo combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling transaction.", - "poole": null, "pooled": null, "pooling": "The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view to common liabilities or profits.", "poolroom": null, @@ -58587,7 +51219,6 @@ "pools": "1. A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; as, the pools of Solomon. Wyclif. Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool. Bacon. The sleepy pool above the dam. Tennyson. 2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. \"The filthy mantled pool beyond your cell.\" Shak.\n\n1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also, the receptacle for the stakes. 2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table. Note: This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the pockets. He plays pool at the billiard houses. Thackeray. 3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the winners. 4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join. 5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed; as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 into the pool. 6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata according to agreement. 7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities. Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of the colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called pool. -- Pool snipe (Zoöl.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pool table, a billiard table with pockets.\n\nTo put together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the companies pooled their traffic. Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. U. S. Grant.\n\nTo combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling transaction.", "poolside": null, "poolsides": null, - "poona": null, "poop": "See 2d Poppy.\n\nTo make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.\n\nA deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck. See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse. With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea. Dryden. The poop was beaten gold. Shak.\n\n(a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. \"A sea which he thought was going to poop her.\" Lord Dufferin. (b) To strike in the stern, as by collision.", "pooped": "(a) Having a poop; furnished with a poop. (b) Struck on the poop.", "pooping": "The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern by a following wave or vessel.", @@ -58605,7 +51236,6 @@ "popcorn": null, "pope": "1. Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe. 2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note under Cardinal. 3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church. 4. (Zoöl.) A fish; the ruff. Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments. -- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.", "popes": "1. Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe. 2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note under Cardinal. 3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church. 4. (Zoöl.) A fish; the ruff. Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments. -- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.", - "popeye": null, "popgun": "A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.", "popguns": "A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.", "popinjay": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) The green woodpecker. (b) A parrot. The pye and popyngay speak they know not what. Tyndale. 2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.] 3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. \"To be so pestered with a popinjay.\" Shak.", @@ -58613,7 +51243,6 @@ "poplar": "1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, which is soft, and capable of many uses. Note: The aspen poplar is Populus tremula and P. tremuloides; Balsam poplar is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba. 2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]", "poplars": "1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, which is soft, and capable of many uses. Note: The aspen poplar is Populus tremula and P. tremuloides; Balsam poplar is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba. 2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]", "poplin": "A fabric of many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, - - used especially for women's dresses. Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made in Ireland.", - "popocatepetl": null, "popover": null, "popovers": null, "poppa": null, @@ -58627,11 +51256,9 @@ "poppets": "1. See Puppet. 2. (Naut.) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in launching. Totten. 3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only. Poppet head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a).", "poppies": null, "popping": "a. & n. from Pop. Popping crease. (Cricket) See under Crease.", - "poppins": null, "poppy": "Any plant or species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (Papaver somniferum) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule. California poppy (Bot.), any yellow-flowered plant of the genus Eschscholtzia. -- Corn poppy. See under Corn. -- Horn, or Horned, poppy. See under Horn. -- Poppy bee (Zoöl.), a leaf-cutting bee (Anthocopa papaveris) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the lining of its cells; -- called also upholsterer bee. -- Prickly poppy (Bot.), Argemone Mexicana, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family, but as prickly as a thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium poppy (P. somniferum). -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene (S. inflata). See Catchfly.\n\nA raised ornament frequently having the form of a final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.", "poppycock": null, "pops": "1. A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off with a pop. Addison. 2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from the bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood. 3. (Zoöl.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Pop corn. (a) Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping; especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact. (b) Popped corn; which has been popped.\n\n1. To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away on all sides. 2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off, etc. He that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my hopes. Shak. A trick of popping up and down every moment. Swift. 3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn pops well.\n\n1. To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the door. He popped a paper into his hand. Milton. 2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of Indian corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts. To pop off, to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off with a denial. Locke. -- To pop the question, to make an offer of marriage to a lady. [Colloq.] Dickens.\n\nLike a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly. \"Pop goes his plate.\" Beau. & Fl.", - "popsicle": null, "populace": "The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, office, education, or profession. Pope. To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. Daniel. They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. Tennyson. Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.", "populaces": "The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, office, education, or profession. Pope. To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. Daniel. They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. Tennyson. Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.", "popular": "1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the popular voice; popular elections. \"Popular states.\" Bacon. \"So the popular vote inclines.\" Milton. The commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a distance. J. H. Newman. 2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain. Homilies are plain popular instructions. Hooker. 3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular prices; popular amusements. The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others, the basest and of least account. Holland. 4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular administration. 5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace. [R.] Such popular humanity is treason. Addison. 6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease. [Obs.] Johnson. Popular action (Law), an action in which any person may sue for penalty imposed by statute. Blackstone.", @@ -58665,7 +51292,6 @@ "pore": "1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for transpiration, absorption, etc. 2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones.\n\nTo look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually with over.\"Painfully to pore upon a book.\" Shak. The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing. Dryden.", "pored": null, "pores": "1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for transpiration, absorption, etc. 2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones.\n\nTo look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually with over.\"Painfully to pore upon a book.\" Shak. The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing. Dryden.", - "porfirio": null, "porgies": null, "porgy": "(a) The scup. (b) The sailor's choice, or pinfish. (c) The margate fish. (d) The spadefish. (e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several other fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie, and paugy.]", "poring": null, @@ -58693,10 +51319,8 @@ "porpoises": "1. (Zoöl.) Any small cetacean of the genus Phocæna, especially P. communis, or P. phocæna, of Europe, and the closely allied American species (P. Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler beneath. They are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter snout. Called also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig, and snuffer. 2. (Zoöl.) A true dolphin (Delphinus); -- often so called by sailors. Skunk porpoise, or Bay porpoise (Zoöl.), a North American porpoise (Lagenorhynchus acutus), larger than the common species, and with broad stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in Appendix.", "porpoising": null, "porridge": "A food made by boiling some leguminous or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk, making of broth or thin pudding; as, barley porridge, milk porridge, bean porridge, etc.", - "porrima": null, "porringer": "A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.", "porringers": "A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.", - "porsche": null, "port": "A dark red or purple astringent wine made in Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.\n\n1. A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively. Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. Shak. We are in port if we have Thee. Keble. 2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they finish their voyages. Free port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom, 4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port. -- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into port. -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.\n\n1. A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal. [Archaic] Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. Shak. Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. Milton. 2. (Naut.) An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which close such an opening. Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam, water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face. Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar (Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid (Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. -- Steam port, and Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of the steam, respectively.\n\n1. To carry; to bear; to transport. [Obs.] They are easily ported by boat into other shires. Fuller. 2. (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as, to port arms. Began to hem him round with ported spears. Milton. Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.\n\nThe manner in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing; demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser. And of his port as meek as is a maid. Chaucer. The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the world. South.\n\nThe larboard or left side of a ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively.\n\nTo turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a command; as, port your helm.", "portability": "The quality or state of being portable; fitness to be carried.", "portable": "1. Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; as, a portable bed, desk, engine. South. 2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.] How light and portable my pain seems now! Shak. Portable forge. See under Forge. -- Portable steam engine. See under Steam engine.", @@ -58723,12 +51347,10 @@ "porterhouse": "A house where porter is sold. Porterhouse steak, a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.", "porterhouses": "A house where porter is sold. Porterhouse steak, a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.", "porters": "A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one who waits at the door to receive messages. Shak. To him the porter openeth. John x. 3.\n\n1. A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for hire. 2. (Forging) A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled is hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar. 3. A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste, possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities. Note: Porter is said to be so called as having been first used chiefly by the London porters, and this application of the word is supposed to be not older than 1750.", - "porterville": null, "portfolio": "1. A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc. 2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the portfolio.", "portfolios": "1. A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc. 2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the portfolio.", "porthole": "An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.", "portholes": "An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.", - "portia": null, "portico": "A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance of a building.", "porticoes": null, "portiere": "A curtain hanging across a doorway.", @@ -58738,14 +51360,12 @@ "portioned": null, "portioning": null, "portions": "1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything. 2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or separated from the whole. These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of him! Job xxvi. 14. Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. Tennyson. 3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate. The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers. Luke xii. 46. Man's portion is to die and rise again. Keble. 4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an inheritance. Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. Luke xv. 12. 5. A wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak. Syn. -- Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend. -- Portion, Part. Part is generic, having a simple reference to some whole. Portion has the additional idea of such a division as bears reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; as, a portion of one's time; a portion of Scripture.\n\n1. To separate or divide into portions or shares; to parcel; to distribute. And portion to his tribes the wide domain. Pope. 2. To endow with a portion or inheritance. Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest. Pope.", - "portland": null, "portlier": null, "portliest": null, "portliness": "1. The quality or state of being portly; dignity of mien or of personal appearance; stateliness. Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor. Spenser. 2. Bulkiness; corpulence.", "portly": "1. Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing. 2. Bulky; corpulent. \"A portly personage.\" Dickens.", "portmanteau": "A bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on journeys. Thackeray.", "portmanteaus": "A bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on journeys. Thackeray.", - "porto": null, "portrait": "1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life. In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature. Sir J. Reynolds. Note: The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a photographic likeness. 2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person; as, a portrait in words. Portrait bust, or Portrait statue, a bust or statue representing the actual features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an ideal bust or statue.\n\nTo portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser.", "portraitist": "A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.", "portraitists": "A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.", @@ -58758,13 +51378,9 @@ "portraying": null, "portrays": "1. To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a king on horseback. Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city, even Jerusalem. Ezek. iv. 1. 2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words. 3. To adorn with pictures. [R.] Spear and helmets thronged, and shields Various with boastful arguments potrayed. Milton.", "ports": "A dark red or purple astringent wine made in Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.\n\n1. A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively. Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. Shak. We are in port if we have Thee. Keble. 2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they finish their voyages. Free port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom, 4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port. -- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into port. -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.\n\n1. A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal. [Archaic] Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. Shak. Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. Milton. 2. (Naut.) An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which close such an opening. Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam, water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face. Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar (Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid (Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. -- Steam port, and Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of the steam, respectively.\n\n1. To carry; to bear; to transport. [Obs.] They are easily ported by boat into other shires. Fuller. 2. (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as, to port arms. Began to hem him round with ported spears. Milton. Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.\n\nThe manner in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing; demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser. And of his port as meek as is a maid. Chaucer. The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the world. South.\n\nThe larboard or left side of a ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively.\n\nTo turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a command; as, port your helm.", - "portsmouth": null, - "portugal": null, - "portuguese": "Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal. Portuguese man-of-war. (Zoöl.) See Physalia.", "portulaca": "A genus of polypetalous plants; also, any plant of the genus. Note: Portulaca oleracea is the common purslane. P. grandiflora is a South American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.", "pose": "Standing still, with all the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or other beast.\n\nA cold in the head; catarrh. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe attitude or position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect; an artificial position; as, the pose of an actor; the pose of an artist's model or of a statue.\n\nTo place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; as, to pose a model for a picture; to pose a sitter for a portrait.\n\nTo assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize; figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses as a prude. He . . . posed before her as a hero. Thackeray.\n\n1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] \"She . . . posed him and sifted him.\" Bacon. 2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand. A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle him. Barrow.", "posed": "Firm; determined; fixed. \"A most posed . . . and grave behavior.\" [Obs.] Urquhart.", - "poseidon": null, "poser": "One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or inexplicable question or fact. Bacon.", "posers": "One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or inexplicable question or fact. Bacon.", "poses": "Standing still, with all the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or other beast.\n\nA cold in the head; catarrh. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe attitude or position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect; an artificial position; as, the pose of an actor; the pose of an artist's model or of a statue.\n\nTo place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; as, to pose a model for a picture; to pose a sitter for a portrait.\n\nTo assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize; figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses as a prude. He . . . posed before her as a hero. Thackeray.\n\n1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] \"She . . . posed him and sifted him.\" Bacon. 2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand. A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle him. Barrow.", @@ -58843,7 +51459,6 @@ "posters": "1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places. 2. One who posts bills; a billposter.\n\n1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier. \"Posters of the sea and land.\" Shak. 2. A post horse. \"Posters at full gallop.\" C. Lever.", "postgraduate": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, the studies pursued after graduation, esp., after receiving the bachelor's degree at a college; graduate. -- n. A student who pursues such studies. Most careful writers consider the word graduate to be the proper word to use in this sense.", "postgraduates": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, the studies pursued after graduation, esp., after receiving the bachelor's degree at a college; graduate. -- n. A student who pursues such studies. Most careful writers consider the word graduate to be the proper word to use in this sense.", - "postgresql": null, "posthaste": "Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier. Shak.\n\nWith speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste; to send posthaste. Shak.", "posthumous": "1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter. 2. Published after the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a posthumous edition. 3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous reputation. Addison. Sir T. Browne.", "posthumously": "It a posthumous manner; after one's decease.", @@ -58922,7 +51537,6 @@ "potbelly": null, "potboiler": "A term applied derisively to any literary or artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means of living. [Cant]", "potboilers": "A term applied derisively to any literary or artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means of living. [Cant]", - "potemkin": null, "potency": "The quality or state of being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy; ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence. \"Drugs of potency.\" Hawthorne. A place of potency and away o' the state. Shak.", "potent": "1. Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious; as, a potent medicine. \"Harsh and potent injuries.\" Shak. Moses once more his potent rod extends. Milton. 2. Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty; influential; as, a potent prince. \"A potent dukedom.\" Shak. Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors. Shak. 3. Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great influence; as, potent interest; a potent argument. Cross potent. (Her.) See Illust. (7) of Cross. Syn. -- Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible; efficacious; cogent; influential.\n\n1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Etym: [See Potence.] A staff or crutch. [Obs.] 3. (Her.) One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned. Counter potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement of the patches.", "potentate": "One who is potent; one who possesses great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch. The blessed and only potentate. 1 Tim. vi. 15. Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones. Milton.", @@ -58961,19 +51575,16 @@ "potions": "A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid medicine. Shak.\n\nTo drug. [Obs.] Speed.", "potluck": "Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be provided for a meal. A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. G. Eliot. To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.", "potlucks": "Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be provided for a meal. A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. G. Eliot. To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.", - "potomac": null, "potpie": "A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.", "potpies": "A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.", "potpourri": "A medley or mixture. Specifically: (a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc., cooked together. (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and spices, used to scent a room. (c) A piece of music made up of different airs strung together; a medley. (d) A literary production composed of parts brought together without order or bond of connection.", "potpourris": "A medley or mixture. Specifically: (a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc., cooked together. (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and spices, used to scent a room. (c) A piece of music made up of different airs strung together; a medley. (d) A literary production composed of parts brought together without order or bond of connection.", "pots": "1. A metallic or earthen vessel, appropriated to any of a great variety of uses, as for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a flower pot; a bean pot. 2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug. 3. The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. \"Give her a pot and a cake.\" De Foe. 4. A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a chimney; a chimney pot. 5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot. 6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc. 7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight. 8. A size of paper. See Pott. Jack pot. See under 2d Jack. -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under Cottage. -- Pot companion, a companion in drinking. -- Pot hanger, a pothook. -- Pot herb, any plant, the leaves or stems of which are boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many others. -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or for the market. -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are made, different from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure. (c) A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with the melted glass in the pot. Knight. -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of the trees which bear the monkey-pot. -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria. -- To go to pot, to go to destruction; to come to an end of usefulness; to become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe.\n\nTo place or inclose in pots; as: (a) To preserve seasoned in pots. \"Potted fowl and fish.\" Dryden. (b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants or bulbs. (c) To drain; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler, and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through which the molasses drains off. B. Edwards. (d) (Billiards) To pocket.\n\nTo tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] It is less labor to plow than to pot it. Feltham.", - "potsdam": null, "potsherd": "A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii. 8.", "potsherds": "A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii. 8.", "potshot": null, "potshots": null, "pottage": "A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge. [Written also potage.] Chaucer. Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils. Gen. xxv. 34.", - "pottawatomie": null, "potted": null, "potter": "1. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9. The potter heard, and stopped his wheel. Longfellow. 2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey. 3. One who pots meats or other eatables. 4. (Zoöl.) The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin. Potter's asthma (Med.), emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because very prevalent among potters. Parkers. -- Potter's clay. See under Clay. -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city, for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the field south of Jerusalem, mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7. -- Potter's ore. See Alquifou. -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on which the clay is molded into form with the hands or tools. \"My thoughts are whirled like a potter's wheel.\" Shak. Potter wasp (Zoöl.), a small solitary wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs a globular nest of mud and sand in which it deposits insect larvæ, such as cankerworms, as food for its young.\n\n1. To busy one's self with trifles; to labor with little purpose, energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother. Pottering about the Mile End cottages. Mrs. Humphry Ward. 2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.\n\nTo poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to bother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "pottered": null, @@ -58986,8 +51597,6 @@ "pottiest": null, "pottiness": null, "potting": "1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the potting of meats for preservation. 3. The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining. [West Indies] B. Edwards.", - "potts": "A size of paper. See under Paper.", - "pottstown": null, "potty": null, "pouch": "1. A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a shot pouch; a mail pouch, etc. 2. That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch; as: (a) A protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule. (b) (Zoöl.) A sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek pouches of certain rodents, and the pouch of marsupials. (c) (Med.) A cyst or sac containing fluid. S. Sharp. (d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of the shepherd's purse. (e) A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to prevent grain, etc., from shifting. Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.\n\n1. To put or take into a pouch. 2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham. 3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth. 4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott.", "pouched": "(a) Having a marsupial pouch; as, the pouched badger, or the wombat. (b) Having external cheek pouches; as, the pouched gopher. (c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched squirrels. Pouched dog. (Zoöl.) See Zebra wolf, under Zebra. -- Pouched frog (Zoöl.), the nototrema, the female of which has a dorsal pouch in which the eggs are hatched, and in which the young pass through their brief tadpole stage. -- Pouched gopher, or Pouched rat. (Zoöl.) See Pocket gopher, under Pocket. -- Pouched mouse. (Zoöl.) See Pocket mouse, under Pocket.", @@ -58997,7 +51606,6 @@ "pouffe": "(a) A soft cushion, esp. one circular in shape and not, like a pilow, of bag form, or thin at the edges. (b) A piece of furniture like an ottoman, generally circular and affording cushion seats on all sides.", "pouffes": "(a) A soft cushion, esp. one circular in shape and not, like a pilow, of bag form, or thin at the edges. (b) A piece of furniture like an ottoman, generally circular and affording cushion seats on all sides.", "poufs": "(a) A soft cushion, esp. one circular in shape and not, like a pilow, of bag form, or thin at the edges. (b) A piece of furniture like an ottoman, generally circular and affording cushion seats on all sides.", - "poughkeepsie": null, "poulterer": "One who deals in poultry.", "poulterers": "One who deals in poultry.", "poultice": "A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, etc.; a cataplasm. \"Poultice relaxeth the pores.\" Bacon.\n\nTo apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.", @@ -59020,7 +51628,6 @@ "pouring": null, "pourings": null, "pours": "Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo pore. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil upon the waters; to pour out sand or dust. 2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape freely or wholly. I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. 1 Sam. i. 15. Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. Ezek. vii. 8. London doth pour out her citizens ! Shak. Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and unwithdrawing hand Milton. 3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly. Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat Pope.\n\nTo flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people poured out of the theater. In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. Gay.\n\nA stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] \"A pour of rain.\" Miss Ferrier.", - "poussin": null, "pout": "The young of some birds, as grouse; a young fowl. Carew.\n\nTo shoot pouts. [Scot.]\n\n1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to look sullen. Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love. Shak. 2 2 To protrude. \"Pouting lips.\" Dryden.\n\nA sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. \"Jack's in the pouts.\" J. & H. Smith.\n\nThe European whiting pout or bib. Eel pout. (Zoöl.) See Eelpout. -- Horn pout, or Horned pout. (Zoöl.) See Bullhead (b).", "pouted": null, "pouter": "1. One who, or that which, pouts. 2. Etym: [Cf. E. pout, and G. puter turkey.] (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to dilate its throat and breast.", @@ -59034,7 +51641,6 @@ "powdering": "a. & n. from Powder, v. t. Powdering tub. (a) A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted. (b) A heated tub in which an infected lecher was placed for cure. [Obs.] Shak.", "powders": "1. The fine particles to which any dry substance is reduced by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into which it falls by decay; dust. Grind their bones to powder small. Shak. 2. An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder. See Gunpowder. Atlas powder, Baking powder, etc. See under Atlas, Baking, etc. -- Powder down (Zoöl.), the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of powder-down feathers. -- Powder-down feather (Zoöl.), one of a peculiar kind of modified feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation. -- Powder-down patch (Zoöl.), a tuft or patch of powder-down feathers. -- Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow. -- Powder hoy (Naut.), a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for the supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red flag. -- Powder magazine, or Powder room. See Magazine, 2. -- Powder mine, a mine exploded by gunpowder. See Mine. -- Powder monkey (Naut.), a boy formerly employed on war vessels to carry powder; a powder boy. -- Powder post. See Dry rot, under Dry. -- Powder puff. See Puff, n.\n\n1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate. 2. To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to powder the hair. A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars. Milton. 3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.]\n\n1. To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, some salts powder easily. 2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.", "powdery": "1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a powdery spar. 2. Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on plums. 3. Resembling powder; consisting of powder. \"The powdery snow.\" Wordsworth.", - "powell": null, "power": "Same as Poor, the fish.\n\n1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. \"One next himself in power, and next in crime.\" Milton. 2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of enthusiasm. \"The power of fancy.\" Shak. 3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of endurance. Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or capacity; capacity is passive power. Sir W. Hamilton. 4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government. Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent. Swift. 5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity. \"The powers of darkness.\" Milton. And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. Matt. xxiv. 29. 6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser. Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. Shak. 7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o. [Colloq.] Richardson. 8. (Mech.) (a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power. Note: The English unit of power used most commonly is the horse power. See Horse power. (b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power applied at one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end. Note: This use in mechanics, of power as a synonym for force, is improper and is becoming obsolete. (d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive other machinery; as, a dog power. Note: Power is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a power lathe; a power loom; a power press. 9. (Math.) The product arising from the multiplication of a number into itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power, of a number. 10. ( (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking, reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts. The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove the grossness . . . into a received belief. Shak. 11. (Optics) The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it multiplies the apparent surface. 12. (Law) An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by appointment. Wharton. 13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business was referred to a committee with power. Note: Power may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity. Mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Power loom, or Power press. See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney. -- Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of substituting the coördinates of any point in that expression which being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 - 100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 - 100 = 0.", "powerboat": null, "powerboats": null, @@ -59047,21 +51653,16 @@ "powerless": "Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent; not able to produce any effect. -- Pow\"er*less*ly, adv. -- Pow\"er*less*ness, n.", "powerlessly": null, "powerlessness": null, - "powerpc": null, - "powerpoint": null, "powers": "Same as Poor, the fish.\n\n1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. \"One next himself in power, and next in crime.\" Milton. 2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of enthusiasm. \"The power of fancy.\" Shak. 3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of endurance. Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or capacity; capacity is passive power. Sir W. Hamilton. 4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government. Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent. Swift. 5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity. \"The powers of darkness.\" Milton. And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. Matt. xxiv. 29. 6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser. Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. Shak. 7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o. [Colloq.] Richardson. 8. (Mech.) (a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power. Note: The English unit of power used most commonly is the horse power. See Horse power. (b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power applied at one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end. Note: This use in mechanics, of power as a synonym for force, is improper and is becoming obsolete. (d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive other machinery; as, a dog power. Note: Power is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a power lathe; a power loom; a power press. 9. (Math.) The product arising from the multiplication of a number into itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power, of a number. 10. ( (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking, reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts. The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove the grossness . . . into a received belief. Shak. 11. (Optics) The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it multiplies the apparent surface. 12. (Law) An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by appointment. Wharton. 13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business was referred to a committee with power. Note: Power may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity. Mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Power loom, or Power press. See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney. -- Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of substituting the coördinates of any point in that expression which being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 - 100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 - 100 = 0.", - "powhatan": null, "powwow": "1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians. Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. Longfellow. 2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes. 3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\n1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians. 2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]", "powwowed": null, "powwowing": null, "powwows": "1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians. Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. Longfellow. 2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes. 3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\n1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians. 2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]", "pox": "Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases. Note: Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis.\n\nTo infect with the pox, or syphilis.", "poxes": null, - "poznan": null, "pp": null, "ppm": null, "ppr": null, - "pps": null, "pr": null, "practicability": "The quality or state of being practicable; practicableness; feasibility. \"The practicability of such a project.\" Stewart.", "practicable": "1. That may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good. 2. Capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a practicable road. Practicable breach (Mil.), a breach which admits of approach and entrance by an assailing party. Syn. -- Possible; feasible. -- Practicable, Possible. A thing may be possible, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not now be practicable for want of the means requisite to its performance. -- Prac\"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Prac\"ti*ca*bly, adv.", @@ -59079,8 +51680,6 @@ "practicums": null, "practitioner": "1. One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of law or medicine. Crabbe. 2. One who does anything customarily or habitually. 3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift. General practitioner. See under General, 2.", "practitioners": "1. One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of law or medicine. Crabbe. 2. One who does anything customarily or habitually. 3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift. General practitioner. See under General, 2.", - "prada": null, - "prado": null, "praetor": "See Pretor.", "praetorian": "See Pretorian.", "praetors": "See Pretor.", @@ -59091,8 +51690,6 @@ "pragmatism": "The quality or state of being pragmatic; in literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method. The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to the pragmatism of the history. A. Murphy.", "pragmatist": "One who is pragmatic.", "pragmatists": "One who is pragmatic.", - "prague": null, - "praia": null, "prairie": "1. An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains. From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the northland. Longfellow. 2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow. Prairie chicken (Zoöl.), any American grouse of the genus Tympanuchus, especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp-tailed grouse. -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in dense terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant (Silphium terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, found in the Western prairies. -- Prairie dog (Zoöl.), a small American rodent (Cynomys Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie hare (Zoöl.), a large long-eared Western hare (Lepus campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie hawk, Prairie falcon (Zoöl.), a falcon of Western North America (Falco Mexicanus). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown. -- Prairie hen. (Zoöl.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie itch (Med.), an affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United States; -- also called swamp itch, winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zoöl.) Same as Prairie dog, above. -- Prairie mole (Zoöl.), a large American mole (Scalops argentatus), native of the Western prairies. -- Prairie pigeon, plover, or snipe (Zoöl.), the upland plover. See Plover, n., 2. -- Prairie rattlesnake (Zoöl.), the massasauga. -- Prairie snake (Zoöl.), a large harmless American snake (Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above. -- Prairie squirrel (Zoöl.), any American ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also gopher. -- Prairie turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri region; also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme de prairie. -- Prairie warbler (Zoöl.), a bright-colored American warbler (Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie wolf. (Zoöl.) See Coyote.", "prairies": "1. An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains. From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the northland. Longfellow. 2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow. Prairie chicken (Zoöl.), any American grouse of the genus Tympanuchus, especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp-tailed grouse. -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in dense terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant (Silphium terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, found in the Western prairies. -- Prairie dog (Zoöl.), a small American rodent (Cynomys Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie hare (Zoöl.), a large long-eared Western hare (Lepus campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie hawk, Prairie falcon (Zoöl.), a falcon of Western North America (Falco Mexicanus). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown. -- Prairie hen. (Zoöl.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie itch (Med.), an affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United States; -- also called swamp itch, winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zoöl.) Same as Prairie dog, above. -- Prairie mole (Zoöl.), a large American mole (Scalops argentatus), native of the Western prairies. -- Prairie pigeon, plover, or snipe (Zoöl.), the upland plover. See Plover, n., 2. -- Prairie rattlesnake (Zoöl.), the massasauga. -- Prairie snake (Zoöl.), a large harmless American snake (Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above. -- Prairie squirrel (Zoöl.), any American ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also gopher. -- Prairie turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri region; also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme de prairie. -- Prairie warbler (Zoöl.), a bright-colored American warbler (Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie wolf. (Zoöl.) See Coyote.", "praise": "1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud; -- applied to a person or his acts. \"I praise well thy wit.\" Chaucer. Let her own works praise her in the gates. Prov. xxxi. 31. We praise not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms; 't is hard to praise a foe. Dryden. 2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being. Praise ye him, all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts! Ps. cxlviii. 2. 3. To value; to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Syn. -- To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify. -- To Praise, Applaud, Extol. To praise is to set at high price; to applaud is to greet with clapping; to extol is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may praise in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually applaud from impulse, and on account of some specific act; we extol under the influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not extravagant, language.\n\n1. Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation. There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the practice. Rambler. Note: Praise may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from fame, renown, and celebrity, which are always the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation. 2. Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator; worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and other acts of worship; as, a service of praise. 3. The object, ground, or reason of praise. He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deut. x. Syn. -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim; eclat; commendation; laudation.", @@ -59101,7 +51698,6 @@ "praiseworthiness": "The quality or state of being praiseworthy.", "praiseworthy": "Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as, praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot.", "praising": null, - "prakrit": "Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, Sanskrit; -- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the people. Pali is one of the Prakrit dialects.", "praline": "A confection made of nut kernels, usually of almonds, roasted in boiling sugar until brown and crisp. Bonbons, pralines, . . . saccharine, crystalline substances of all kinds and colors. Du Maurier.", "pralines": "A confection made of nut kernels, usually of almonds, roasted in boiling sugar until brown and crisp. Bonbons, pralines, . . . saccharine, crystalline substances of all kinds and colors. Du Maurier.", "pram": "See Praam.", @@ -59123,7 +51719,6 @@ "pranksters": null, "praseodymium": "An elementary substance, one of the constituents of didymium; - - so called from the green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6.", "prat": null, - "pratchett": null, "prate": "To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble. To prate and talk for life and honor. Shak. And make a fool presume to prate of love. Dryden.\n\nTo utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to chatter, or babble. What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate ! Dryden.\n\nTalk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity. Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate. Pope.", "prated": null, "prater": "One who prates. Shak.", @@ -59133,19 +51728,16 @@ "pratfalls": null, "prating": null, "prats": null, - "pratt": null, "prattle": "To talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.\n\nTo utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason. Addison.\n\nTrifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial subjects; prate; babble. Mere prattle, without practice. Shak.", "prattled": null, "prattler": "One who prattles. Herbert.", "prattlers": "One who prattles. Herbert.", "prattles": "To talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.\n\nTo utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason. Addison.\n\nTrifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial subjects; prate; babble. Mere prattle, without practice. Shak.", "prattling": null, - "pravda": null, "prawn": "Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike Crustacea having slender legs and long antennæ. They mostly belong to the genera Pandalus, Palæmon, Palæmonetes, and Peneus, and are much used as food. The common English prawn in Palæmon serratus. Note: The name is often applied to any large shrimp.", "prawned": null, "prawning": null, "prawns": "Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike Crustacea having slender legs and long antennæ. They mostly belong to the genera Pandalus, Palæmon, Palæmonetes, and Peneus, and are much used as food. The common English prawn in Palæmon serratus. Note: The name is often applied to any large shrimp.", - "praxiteles": null, "pray": "See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nTo make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving. And to his goddess pitously he preyde. Chaucer. When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Matt. vi. 6. I pray, or (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go. I pray, sir. why am I beaten Shak. Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition.\n\n1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech. And as this earl was preyed, so did he. Chaucer. We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20. 2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for. I know not how to pray your patience. Shak. 3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory. Milman. To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W.", "prayed": null, "prayer": "One who prays; a supplicant.\n\n1. The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative body. \"Their meek preyere.\" Chaucer 2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer. As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. Shak. 3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers. He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately after his death. Bp. Fell. Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting, a meeting or gathering for prayer to God. Syn. -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.", @@ -59154,7 +51746,6 @@ "prayers": "One who prays; a supplicant.\n\n1. The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative body. \"Their meek preyere.\" Chaucer 2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer. As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. Shak. 3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers. He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately after his death. Bp. Fell. Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting, a meeting or gathering for prayer to God. Syn. -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.", "praying": "a. & n. from Pray, v. Praying insect, locust, or mantis (Zoöl.), a mantis, especially Mantis religiosa. See Mantis. -- Praying machine, or Praying wheel, a wheel on which prayers are pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral repetition of all the prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a stream.", "prays": "See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nTo make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving. And to his goddess pitously he preyde. Chaucer. When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Matt. vi. 6. I pray, or (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go. I pray, sir. why am I beaten Shak. Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition.\n\n1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech. And as this earl was preyed, so did he. Chaucer. We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20. 2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for. I know not how to pray your patience. Shak. 3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory. Milman. To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W.", - "prc": null, "preach": "1. To proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text of Scripture; to deliver a sermon. How shall they preach, except they be sent Rom. x. 15. From that time Jesus began to preach. Matt. iv. 17. 2. To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the manner of a preacher.\n\n1. To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue. That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche. Chaucer. The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek. Isa. lxi. 1. 2. To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public teaching. \"I have preached righteousness in the great congregation.\" Ps. xl. 9. 3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon. 4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.] \"As ye are preached.\" Southey. 5. To advise or recommend earnestly. My master preaches patience to him. Shak. To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson. -- To preach up, to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, to preach up equality.\n\nA religious discourse. [Obs.] Hooker.", "preached": null, "preacher": "1. One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious subjects. How shall they hear without a preacher Rom. x. 14. 2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness. No preacher is listened to but Time. Swift. Preacher bird (Zoöl.), a toucan.", @@ -59168,7 +51759,6 @@ "preadolescence": null, "preadolescences": null, "preadolescent": null, - "preakness": null, "preamble": "A introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.\n\nTo make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton.", "preambled": null, "preambles": "A introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.\n\nTo make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton.", @@ -59179,7 +51769,6 @@ "prearranges": "To arrange beforehand.", "prearranging": null, "preassigned": null, - "precambrian": null, "precancel": null, "precanceled": null, "precanceling": null, @@ -59460,7 +52049,6 @@ "premiers": "1. First; chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier minister. Camden. Swift. 2. Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his degree.\n\nThe first minister of state; the prime minister.", "premiership": "The office of the premier.", "premierships": "The office of the premier.", - "preminger": null, "premise": "1. A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition. The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served. Shak. 2. (Logic) Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn. Note: \"All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner.\" These propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment. While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the conclusion. Dr. H. More. 3. pl. (Law) Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted. 4. pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.\n\n1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.] The premised flames of the last day. Shak. If venesection and a cathartic be premised. E. Darwin. 2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings. I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task. Addison.\n\nTo make a premise; to set forth something as a premise. Swift.", "premised": null, "premises": "1. A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition. The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served. Shak. 2. (Logic) Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn. Note: \"All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner.\" These propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment. While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the conclusion. Dr. H. More. 3. pl. (Law) Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted. 4. pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.\n\n1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.] The premised flames of the last day. Shak. If venesection and a cathartic be premised. E. Darwin. 2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings. I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task. Addison.\n\nTo make a premise; to set forth something as a premise. Swift.", @@ -59476,11 +52064,8 @@ "premonition": "Previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of danger.", "premonitions": "Previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of danger.", "premonitory": "Giving previous warning or notice; as, premonitory symptoms of disease. -- Pre*mon\"i*to*ri*ly, adv.", - "premyslid": null, "prenatal": "Being or happening before birth.", "prenatally": null, - "prensa": null, - "prentice": "An apprentice. [Obs. or Colloq.] Piers Plowman. \"My accuser is my prentice.\" Shak.", "prenup": null, "prenups": null, "prenuptial": null, @@ -59571,10 +52156,6 @@ "presaging": null, "presbyopia": "A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which producepresbytia.", "presbyter": "1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under Bishop, n., 1. 2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in the ministry; -- called also priest. I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. Hooker. New presbyter is but old priest writ large. Milton. 3. (Presbyterian Ch.) A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical. 4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.", - "presbyterian": "Of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.\n\nOne who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the Presbyterian church. Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian.", - "presbyterianism": "That form of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.", - "presbyterianisms": "That form of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.", - "presbyterians": "Of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.\n\nOne who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the Presbyterian church. Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian.", "presbyteries": null, "presbyters": "1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under Bishop, n., 1. 2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in the ministry; -- called also priest. I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. Hooker. New presbyter is but old priest writ large. Milton. 3. (Presbyterian Ch.) A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical. 4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.", "presbytery": "1. A body of elders in the early Christian church. 2. (Presbyterian Ch.) A judicatory consisting of all the ministers within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in authority. 3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler. 4. (a) (Arch.) That part of the church reserved for the officiating priest. (b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt.", @@ -59585,7 +52166,6 @@ "prescience": "Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight. God's certain prescience of the volitions of moral agents. J. Edwards.", "prescient": "Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand. Pope. Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of this event. Bacon.", "presciently": "With presciense or foresight.", - "prescott": null, "prescribe": "1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to direct. Prescribe not us our duties. Shak. Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. Dryden. 2. (Med.) To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor prescribed quinine. Syn. -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute; establish.\n\n1. To give directions; to dictate. A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. Locke. 2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 3. (Med.) To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever. 4. (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the force of law.", "prescribed": null, "prescribes": "1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to direct. Prescribe not us our duties. Shak. Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. Dryden. 2. (Med.) To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor prescribed quinine. Syn. -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute; establish.\n\n1. To give directions; to dictate. A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. Locke. 2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 3. (Med.) To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever. 4. (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the force of law.", @@ -59645,7 +52225,6 @@ "presides": "1. To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a public meeting; to preside over the senate. 2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over. Some o'er the public magazines preside. Dryden.", "presiding": "a. & n. from Preside. Presiding elder. See under 2d Elder.", "presidium": null, - "presley": null, "presort": null, "presorted": null, "presorting": null, @@ -59677,7 +52256,6 @@ "prestige": "1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.] The sophisms of infidelity, and the prestiges of imposture. Bp. Warburton. 2. Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation. \"The prestige of his name must go for something.\" Sir G. C. Lewis.", "prestigious": "Practicing tricks; juggling. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.", "presto": "1. Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly. Presto! begone! 'tis here again. Swift. 2. (Mus.) Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except prestissimo.", - "preston": null, "prestos": "1. Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly. Presto! begone! 'tis here again. Swift. 2. (Mus.) Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except prestissimo.", "presumable": "Such as may be presumed or supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct evidence.", "presumably": "In a presumable manner; by, or according to, presumption.", @@ -59724,7 +52302,6 @@ "pretests": null, "pretext": "Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise. They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of service and kindness. L'Estrange. With how much or how little pretext of reason. Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See Pretense.", "pretexts": "Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise. They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of service and kindness. L'Estrange. With how much or how little pretext of reason. Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See Pretense.", - "pretoria": null, "pretrial": null, "pretrials": null, "prettied": null, @@ -59782,13 +52359,10 @@ "preys": "Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder. And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest. Num. xxxi. 12. 2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim. The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job iv. ii. Already sees herself the monster's prey. Dryden. 3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage. Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. Shak. Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals.\n\nTo take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence. More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards prey at liberty. Shak. To prey on or upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to rob. Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison.", "prezzie": null, "prezzies": null, - "priam": null, "priapic": null, - "pribilof": null, "price": "1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost. \"Buy wine and milk without money and without price.\" Isa. lv. 1. We can afford no more at such a price. Shak. 2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth. Her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10. New treasures still, of countless price. Keble. 3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry. 'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the soil. Pope. Price current, or Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc., published statedly or occasionally.\n\n1. To pay the price of. [Obs.] With thine own blood to price his blood. Spenser. 2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize. 3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]", "priced": "Rated in price; valued; as, high-priced goods; low-priced labor.", "priceless": "1. Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable. 2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow.", - "priceline": null, "prices": "1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost. \"Buy wine and milk without money and without price.\" Isa. lv. 1. We can afford no more at such a price. Shak. 2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth. Her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10. New treasures still, of countless price. Keble. 3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry. 'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the soil. Pope. Price current, or Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc., published statedly or occasionally.\n\n1. To pay the price of. [Obs.] With thine own blood to price his blood. Spenser. 2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize. 3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]", "pricey": null, "pricier": null, @@ -59823,7 +52397,6 @@ "priestesses": null, "priesthood": "1. The office or character of a priest; the priestly function. Bk. of Com. Prayer. 2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order of priests.", "priesthoods": "1. The office or character of a priest; the priestly function. Bk. of Com. Prayer. 2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order of priests.", - "priestley": null, "priestlier": null, "priestliest": null, "priestliness": "The quality or state of being priestly. R. Browning.", @@ -59879,13 +52452,11 @@ "princes": "1. The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; a monarch; -- originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5). Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince. Milton. Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex. Camden. 2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as, princes of the blood. Shak. 3. A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in Spain he is always one of the royal family. 4. The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or profession; one who is preëminent; as, a merchant prince; a prince of players. \"The prince of learning.\" Peacham. Prince-Albert coat, a long double-breasted frock coat for men. -- Prince of the blood, Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See under Blood, Consort, and Darkness. -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of the English sovereign. -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two annual herbs (Amarantus caudatus and Polygonum orientale), with apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes. -- Prince's metal, Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's pine. (Bot.) See Pipsissewa.\n\nTo play the prince. [R.] Shak.", "princess": "1. A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince. Dryden. So excellent a princess as the present queen. Swift. 2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family. Shak. 3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales. Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign.", "princesses": "A term applied to a lady's long, close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.", - "princeton": null, "principal": "1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; the principal arguments in a case. Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7. 2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Spenser. Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal challenge. (Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection (a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight upon the plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane. -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the optical axis of a crystal.\n\n1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant. 2. Hence: (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, - - as distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c) One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill. 3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a) (Com.) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in distinction from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.) The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing. (c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open diapason. (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e) pl. The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H. Walsh. (f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf. Gloss. (g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs.]", "principalities": null, "principality": "1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high, or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney. Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. Jer. xiii. 18. The prerogative and principality above everything else. Jer. Taylor. 2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. \"Next upstood Nisroch, of principalities the prime.\" Milton. 3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.", "principally": "In a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.", "principals": "1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; the principal arguments in a case. Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7. 2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Spenser. Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal challenge. (Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection (a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight upon the plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane. -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the optical axis of a crystal.\n\n1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant. 2. Hence: (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, - - as distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c) One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill. 3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a) (Com.) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in distinction from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.) The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing. (c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open diapason. (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e) pl. The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H. Walsh. (f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf. Gloss. (g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs.]", - "principe": null, "principle": "1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser. 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. The soul of man is an active principle. Tillotson. 3. An original faculty or endowment. Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. Chaucer. Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. Stewart. 4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. Heb. vi. 1. A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. Milton. 5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle. All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. Law. 6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc. Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. Gregory. Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc.\n\nTo equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill. Governors should be well principled. L'Estrange. Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. Locke.", "principled": null, "principles": "1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser. 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. The soul of man is an active principle. Tillotson. 3. An original faculty or endowment. Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. Chaucer. Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. Stewart. 4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. Heb. vi. 1. A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. Milton. 5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle. All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. Law. 6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc. Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. Gregory. Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc.\n\nTo equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill. Governors should be well principled. L'Estrange. Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. Locke.", @@ -59915,7 +52486,6 @@ "priority": "1. The quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something else; as, priority of application. 2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak. Priority of debts, a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment before others. Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; preëminence.", "priors": "Preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a prior discovery; prior obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived alone [in the time] prior to his marriage.\n\nThe superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity. Conventical, or Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his own house. See the Note under Priory. -- Claustral prior, an official next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.", "priory": "A religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and obedience. See Cell, 2. Note: Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the abbot. Alien priory, a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in some other country. Syn. -- See Cloister.", - "priscilla": null, "prism": "1. (Geom.) A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. Note: Prisms of different forms are often named from the figure of their bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a rhombic prism, etc. 2. (Opt.) A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; -- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc. 3. (Crystallog.) A form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis. See Form, n., 13. Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually of two prisms of different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers, as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color. -- Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. Etym: [So called from Wm. Nicol, of Edinburgh, who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image alone is transmitted.", "prismatic": "1. Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or cleavage. 2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as, prismatic colors. 3. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic. Prismatic borax (Chem.), borax crystallized in the form of oblique prisms, with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from octahedral borax. -- Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light is resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary colors, under Color. -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same time. -- Prismatic spectrum (Opt.), the spectrum produced by the passage of light through a prism.", "prisms": "1. (Geom.) A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. Note: Prisms of different forms are often named from the figure of their bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a rhombic prism, etc. 2. (Opt.) A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; -- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc. 3. (Crystallog.) A form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis. See Form, n., 13. Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually of two prisms of different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers, as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color. -- Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. Etym: [So called from Wm. Nicol, of Edinburgh, who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image alone is transmitted.", @@ -59930,7 +52500,6 @@ "prissy": null, "pristine": "Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine manners of a people; pristine vigor.", "prithee": "A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee; generally used without I. Shak. What was that scream for, I prithee L'Estrange. Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin. E. C. Stedman.", - "prius": null, "privacy": "1. The state of being in retirement from the company or observation of others; seclusion. 2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; retirement. Her sacred privacies all open lie. Rowe. 3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak. 4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller. 5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.", "private": "1. Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's private opinion; private property; a private purse; private expenses or interests; a private secretary. 2. Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or apartment; private prayer. Reason . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests. Milton. 3. Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as, a private citizen; private life. Shak. A private person may arrest a felon. Blackstone. 4. Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a private understanding. 5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.] Private act or statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial notice; -- opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole community. -- Private nuisance or wrong. See Nuisance. -- Private soldier. See Private, n., 5. -- Private way, a right of private passage over another man's ground. Kent.\n\n1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.] Nor must I be unmindful of my private. B. Jonson. 3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] \"Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy my private.\" Shak. 4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic] What have kings, that privates have not too Shak. 5. (Mil.) A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a noncommissioned officer. Macaulay. 6. pl. The private parts; the genitals. In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.", "privateer": "1. An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the enemy. See Letters of marque, under Marque. 2. The commander of a privateer. Kidd soon threw off the character of a privateer and became a pirate. Macaulay.\n\nTo cruise in a privateer.", @@ -60049,9 +52618,6 @@ "procreating": null, "procreation": "The act of begetting; generation and production of young. South.", "procreative": "Having the power to beget; generative. Sir M. Hale.", - "procrustean": "Of or pertaining to Procrustes, or the mode of torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as, the Procrustean treatment; a Procrustean limit. See Procrustes.", - "procrustes": "A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them to its length; -- whence the metaphorical phrase, the bed of Procrustes.", - "procter": null, "proctor": "One who is employed to manage to affairs of another. Specifically: (a) A person appointed to collect alms for those who could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.; hence a beggar. [Obs.] Nares. (b) (Eng. Law) An officer employed in admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an attorney at common law, or to a solicitor in equity. Wharton. (c) (Ch. of Eng.) A representative of the clergy in convocation. (d) An officer in a university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the laws of the institution.\n\nTo act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or agent. Bp. Warburton.", "proctored": null, "proctoring": null, @@ -60066,7 +52632,6 @@ "procurers": "1. One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means. 2. One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a pander. South.", "procures": "1. To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan. If we procure not to ourselves more woe. Milton. 2. To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause. By all means possible they procure to have gold and silver among them in reproach. Robynson (More's Utopia) . Proceed, Solinus, to procure my fall. Shak. 3. To solicit; to entreat. [Obs.] The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . . Of the fair Alma greatly were procured To make there longer sojourn and abode. Spenser. 4. To cause to come; to bring; to attract. [Obs.] What unaccustomed cause procures her hither Shak. 5. To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution. Syn. -- See Attain.\n\n1. To pimp. Shak. 2. To manage business for another in court. [Scot.]", "procuring": null, - "procyon": "1. (Astron.) a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis Minor, or the Little Dog. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of mammals including the raccoon.", "prod": "1. A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl, a skewer, etc. 2. A prick or stab which a pointed instrument. 3. A light kind of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled prodd. Fairholt.\n\nTo thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp; as, to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to goad, to incite, to worry; as, to prod a student. H. Taylor.", "prodded": null, "prodding": null, @@ -60236,7 +52801,6 @@ "prokaryote": null, "prokaryotes": null, "prokaryotic": null, - "prokofiev": null, "prolapse": "The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.\n\nTo fall down or out; to protrude.", "prolapsed": null, "prolapses": "The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.\n\nTo fall down or out; to protrude.", @@ -60269,8 +52833,6 @@ "promenaded": null, "promenades": "1. A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. Burke. 2. A place for walking; a public walk. Bp. Montagu.\n\nTo walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.", "promenading": null, - "promethean": "1. Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. \"Promethean fire.\" Shak. 2. Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.\n\n(a) An apparatus for automatic ignition. (b) A kind of lucifer match.", - "prometheus": "The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his liver.", "promethium": null, "prominence": "1. The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from something; conspicuousness. 2. That which is prominent; a protuberance. Solar prominences. (Astron.) See Solar Protuberances, under Protuberance.", "prominent": "1. Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something; jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a vase. 2. Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a prominent building. 3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character. Prominent' moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the family Notodontidæ; a notodontian; -- so called because the larva has a hump or prominence on its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.", @@ -60495,8 +53057,6 @@ "proselytizers": "One who proselytes.", "proselytizes": "To convert to some religion, system, opinion, or the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte. One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize. Burke.\n\nTo make converts or proselytes.", "proselytizing": null, - "proserpina": null, - "proserpine": null, "prosier": null, "prosiest": null, "prosocial": null, @@ -60539,7 +53099,6 @@ "protactinium": null, "protagonist": "One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like. Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry. De Quincey.", "protagonists": "One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like. Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry. De Quincey.", - "protagoras": null, "protean": "1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. \" Protean transformations.\" Cudworth. 2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; as, an amoeba is a protean animalcule.", "protect": "To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, a father protects his children. The gods of Greece protect you! Shak. Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.", "protected": null, @@ -60563,11 +53122,8 @@ "proteges": "One under the care and protection of another.", "protein": "A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name. Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2.", "proteins": "A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name. Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2.", - "proterozoic": null, "protest": "1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow. He protest that his measures are pacific. Landor. The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Shak. 2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham. The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies of the passions. Shak. Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See Affirm.\n\n1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty. I will protest your cowardice. Shak. 2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to. Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar Protesting fate supreme. Milton. To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent. Story.\n\n1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in Parliament. 2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.", "protestant": "One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.\n\n1. Making a protest; protesting. 2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant writers.", - "protestantism": "The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.", - "protestantisms": "The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.", "protestants": "One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.\n\n1. Making a protest; protesting. 2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant writers.", "protestation": "1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent. \" The protestation of our faith.\" Latimer. 2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.", "protestations": "1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent. \" The protestation of our faith.\" Latimer. 2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.", @@ -60576,7 +53132,6 @@ "protesters": "1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak. 2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.", "protesting": null, "protests": "1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow. He protest that his measures are pacific. Landor. The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Shak. 2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham. The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies of the passions. Shak. Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See Affirm.\n\n1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty. I will protest your cowardice. Shak. 2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to. Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar Protesting fate supreme. Milton. To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent. Story.\n\n1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in Parliament. 2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.", - "proteus": "1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan; an amoeba.", "protocol": "1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument. Burrill. 2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction. 3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified. (c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.\n\nTo make a protocol of.\n\nTo make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols. Carlyle.", "protocols": "1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument. Burrill. 2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction. 3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified. (c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.\n\nTo make a protocol of.\n\nTo make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols. Carlyle.", "proton": null, @@ -60611,9 +53166,7 @@ "proud": "1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense; as: (a) Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous. Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek. Milton. O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty ! Shak. And shades impervious to the proud world's glare. Keble. (b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting (in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. \"Proud to be checked and soothed.\" Keble. Are we proud men proud of being proud Thackeray. 2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. \"Of shadow proud.\" Chapman. \"Proud titles.\" Shak. \" The proud temple's height.\" Dryden. Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a golden cloud. Keble. 3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of some animals. Sir T. Browne. Note: Proud is often used with participles in the formation of compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, proud- crested, proud-minded, proud-swelling. Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.", "prouder": null, "proudest": null, - "proudhon": null, "proudly": "In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; arrogantly; boastfully. Proudly he marches on, and void of fear. Addison.", - "proust": null, "prov": null, "provability": null, "provable": "Capable of being proved; demonstrable. -- Prov\"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov\"a*bly, adv.", @@ -60623,9 +53176,6 @@ "proven": "Proved. \"Accusations firmly proven in his mind.\" Thackeray. Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed to beproven, he was acquitted. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.", "provenance": "Origin; source; provenience. Their age attested by their provenance and associations. A. H. Keane.", "provenances": "Origin; source; provenience. Their age attested by their provenance and associations. A. H. Keane.", - "provencal": "Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in France. 2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.", - "provencals": "Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in France. 2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.", - "provence": null, "provender": "1. Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed. \"Hay or other provender.\" Mortimer. Good provender laboring horses would have. Tusser. 2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]", "provenience": "Origin; source; place where found or produced; provenance; -- used esp. in the fine arts and in archæology; as, the provenience of a patera.", "proverb": "1. An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon. 2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable. His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no proverb. John xvi. 29. 3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference. Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among all nations. Deut. xxviii. 37. 4. A drama exemplifying a proverb. Book of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims. Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.\n\n1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.] Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool Milton. 2. To provide with a proverb. [R.] I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase. Shak.\n\nTo write or utter proverbs. [R.]", @@ -60636,7 +53186,6 @@ "provide": "1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare. \"Provide us all things necessary.\" Shak. 2. To supply; to afford; to contribute. Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable woods provide. Milton. 3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with. \"And yet provided him of but one.\" Jer. Taylor. \"Rome . . . was well provided with corn.\" Arbuthnot. 4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract provides that the work be well done. 5. To foresee. Note: [A Latinism] [Obs.] B. Jonson. 6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See Provisor. Prescott.\n\n1. To procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need, especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the education of a child. Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Burke. 2. To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides for an early completion of the work.", "provided": "On condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if; -- usually followed by that; as, provided that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever. Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent to their truth. G. H. Lewes. Note: This word is strictly a participle, and the word being is understood, the participle provided agreeing with the whole sentence absolute, and being equivalent to this condition being previously stipulated or established.", "providence": "1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation. Providence for war is the best prevention of it. Bacon. 2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience. The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and Providence their guide. Milton. 3. (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction. He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a greater providence of God. Jer. Taylor. 4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality. It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather upon actions than persons. Quarles.", - "providences": "1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation. Providence for war is the best prevention of it. Bacon. 2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience. The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and Providence their guide. Milton. 3. (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction. He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a greater providence of God. Jer. Taylor. 4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality. It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather upon actions than persons. Quarles.", "provident": "Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man; an animal provident of the future. And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is. Milton. Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.", "providential": "Effected by, or referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the providential contrivance of thing; a providential escape. -- Prov\"i*den\"tial*ly, adv.", "providentially": null, @@ -60660,7 +53209,6 @@ "provisions": "1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak. 2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation. Making provision for the relief of strangers. Bacon. 3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored; -- often in the plural. And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast. Milton. 4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute has many provisions. 5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation. 6. (Eng. Hist.) A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation. Blackstone.\n\nTo supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a garrison. They were provisioned for a journey. Palfrey.", "proviso": "An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its proviso. He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception. Shak.", "provisos": "An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its proviso. He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception. Shak.", - "provo": null, "provocateur": null, "provocateurs": null, "provocation": "1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan. 2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, to give provocation. Paley. 3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth. 4. (Law) Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or redress. 5. An appeal to a court. Note: [A Latinism] [Obs.] Ayliffe.", @@ -60692,8 +53240,6 @@ "proximate": "Nearest; next immediately preceding or following. \"Proximate ancestors.\" J. S. Harford. The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. T. Burnet. Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis. -- Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and produces the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or predisposing cause. I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening. -- Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc. Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.", "proximity": "The quality or state of being next in time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance. If he plead proximity of blood That empty title is with ease withstood. Dryden.", "proxy": "1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity. I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself. Burke. 2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another. Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to vote for him in his absence. Blackstone. 3. A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his stead, as in a corporation meeting. 4. (Eng. Law) The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts. Burrill. 5. (Eccl.) See Procuration. [Obs.]\n\nTo act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another. [R.]", - "prozac": null, - "prozacs": null, "prude": "A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech. Less modest than the speech of prudes. Swift.", "prudence": "The quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy; frugality. Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing. Sir M. Hale. Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right means for given ends. Whewell. Syn. -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness; discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom.", "prudent": "1. Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible; -- opposed to rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing prudence; as, prudent behavior. Moses established a grave and prudent law. Milton. 2. Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent expenditure of money. Syn. -- Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious; provident; economical; frugal.", @@ -60705,7 +53251,6 @@ "prudish": "Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners. A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face. Garrick.", "prudishly": "In a prudish manner.", "prudishness": null, - "pruitt": null, "prune": "1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. Thackeray. Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and reformed. Bacon. Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these flowers. Milton. 2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts. Horace will our superfluous branches prune. Waller. 3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser. His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak. Shak.\n\nTo dress; to prink; -used humorously or in contempt. Dryden.\n\nA plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California prunes. German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup. Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Prunus (P. domestica), which produces prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus occidentalis. -- South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree (Pappea Capensis).", "pruned": null, "pruner": "1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American oak pruner (Asemum moestum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.", @@ -60715,21 +53260,13 @@ "prurience": "The quality or state of being prurient. The pruriency of curious ears. Burke. There is a prurience in the speech of some. Cowper.", "prurient": "Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru\"ri*ent*ly, adv. The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object of illicit attraction. I. Taylor.", "pruriently": null, - "prussia": null, - "prussian": "Of or pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia. Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zoöl.) See Gibel. -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.", - "prussians": "Of or pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia. Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zoöl.) See Gibel. -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.", - "prut": null, "pry": "A lever; also, leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.] Pry pole, the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.\n\nTo raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]\n\nTo peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; -- often implying reproach. \" To pry upon the stars.\" Chaucer. Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets of the state. Shak.\n\nCurious inspection; impertinent peeping.", "prying": "Inspecting closely or impertinently. Syn. -- Inquisitive; curious. See Inquisitive.", - "pryor": null, - "ps": "the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Phonician, its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father, paternal; recipient, receive. See B, F, and M. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 247, 248, and 184-195.", "psalm": "1. A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly. Milton. 2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.\n\nTo extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises. Sylvester.", "psalmist": "1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms. 2. (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the church.", "psalmists": "1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms. 2. (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the church.", "psalms": "1. A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly. Milton. 2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.\n\nTo extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises. Sylvester.", - "psalter": "1. The Book of Psalms; -- often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed. 2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, corresponding to the number of the psalms.", "psalteries": null, - "psalters": "1. The Book of Psalms; -- often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed. 2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, corresponding to the number of the psalms.", "psaltery": "A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not known. Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings. Ps. xxxiii. 2.", "psephologist": null, "psephologists": null, @@ -60751,7 +53288,6 @@ "psittacosis": null, "psoriasis": "(a) The state of being affected with psora. [Obs.] (b) A cutaneous disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales, affecting only the superficial layers of the skin.", "psst": null, - "pst": null, "psych": null, "psyche": "1. (Class Myth.) A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros, or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul. 2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind. 3. Etym: [F. psyché.] A cheval glass.", "psyched": null, @@ -60819,19 +53355,12 @@ "psychotropics": null, "psychs": null, "pt": null, - "pta": null, - "ptah": null, "ptarmigan": "Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species are known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter. Note: They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is Lagopus mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L. Scoticus), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow, ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and America.", "ptarmigans": "Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species are known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter. Note: They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is Lagopus mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L. Scoticus), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow, ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and America.", "pterodactyl": "An extinct flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix.", "pterodactyls": "An extinct flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix.", - "pto": null, - "ptolemaic": "Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer. Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.", - "ptolemies": null, - "ptolemy": null, "ptomaine": "One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.", "ptomaines": "One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.", - "pu": null, "pub": null, "pubertal": null, "puberty": "1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be about fourteen years in males and twelve in females. 2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers.", @@ -60861,14 +53390,12 @@ "publishes": null, "publishing": null, "pubs": null, - "puccini": null, "puce": "Of a dark brown or brownish purple color.", "puck": "1. (Mediæval Myth.) A celebrated fairy, \"the merry wanderer of the night;\" -- called also Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak. He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth fall. Drayton. 2. (Zoöl.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]", "pucker": "To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; -- often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. \"His skin [was] puckered up in wrinkles.\" Spectator.\n\n1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds. 2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]", "puckered": null, "puckering": null, "puckers": "To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; -- often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. \"His skin [was] puckered up in wrinkles.\" Spectator.\n\n1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds. 2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]", - "puckett": null, "puckish": "Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous. \"Puckish freaks.\" J. R. Green.", "puckishly": null, "puckishness": null, @@ -60887,13 +53414,11 @@ "pudginess": null, "pudgy": "Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short, pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.", "puds": "Same as Pood.\n\nThe hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.", - "puebla": null, "pueblo": "A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region. Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the Zuñi, the Keran, and the Tewan.", "pueblos": "A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region. Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the Zuñi, the Keran, and the Tewan.", "puerile": "Boyish; childish; trifling; silly. The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents. De Quincey. Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See Youthful.", "puerility": "1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T. Browne. 2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which is flat, insipid, or silly.", "puerperal": "Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a puerperal fever.", - "puerto": null, "puff": "1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. \" To every puff of wind a slave.\" Flatman. 2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball. (b) kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder. 3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal. Puff adder. (Zoöl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (Vipera, or Clotho, arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. Puff bird (Zoöl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family Bucconidæ. They are small birds, usually with dull-colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).\n\n1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs. 2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at. It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation. South. 3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion. The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase. L' Estrange. 4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle. 5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance. Then came brave Glory puffing by. Herbert.\n\n1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs. The clearing north will puff the clouds away. Dryden. 2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously. I puff the prostitute away. Dryden. 3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- often with up; as a bladder puffed with air. The sea puffed up with winds. Shak. 4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self-esteem, or the like; -- often with up. Puffed up with military success. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly. \" Puffed with wonderful skill.\" Macaulay.\n\nPuffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.", "puffball": "A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and puffin.", "puffballs": "A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and puffin.", @@ -60909,8 +53434,6 @@ "puffs": "1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. \" To every puff of wind a slave.\" Flatman. 2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball. (b) kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder. 3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal. Puff adder. (Zoöl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (Vipera, or Clotho, arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. Puff bird (Zoöl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family Bucconidæ. They are small birds, usually with dull-colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).\n\n1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs. 2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at. It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation. South. 3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion. The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase. L' Estrange. 4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle. 5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance. Then came brave Glory puffing by. Herbert.\n\n1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs. The clearing north will puff the clouds away. Dryden. 2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously. I puff the prostitute away. Dryden. 3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- often with up; as a bladder puffed with air. The sea puffed up with winds. Shak. 4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self-esteem, or the like; -- often with up. Puffed up with military success. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly. \" Puffed with wonderful skill.\" Macaulay.\n\nPuffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.", "puffy": "1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance; bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. \" A very stout, puffy man.\" Thackeray. 2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.", "pug": "1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc. 2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound. See Pugging, 2.\n\n1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic. 2. A pug mill. Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed.\n\n1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison. 3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley. 4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly. 5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland. 6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave. 7. (Zoöl.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and head; a pug dog. 8. (Zoöl.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.", - "puget": null, - "pugh": "Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.", "pugilism": "The practice of boxing, or fighting with the fist.", "pugilist": "One who fights with his fists; esp., a professional prize fighter; a boxer.", "pugilistic": "Of or pertaining to pugillism.", @@ -60925,14 +53448,12 @@ "pukes": "To eject the contests of the stomach; to vomit; to spew. The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. Shak.\n\nTo eject from the stomach; to vomit up.\n\nA medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.\n\nOf a color supposed to be between black and russet. Shak. Note: This color has by some been regarded as the same with puce; but Nares questions the identity.", "puking": null, "pukka": "Same as Pucka. [India]", - "pulaski": null, "pulchritude": "1. That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace; loveliness. Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude. Court of Love. 2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty. By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies. Ray.", "pulchritudinous": null, "pule": "1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon. 2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child. It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule. Barrow.", "puled": null, "pules": "1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon. 2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child. It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule. Barrow.", "puling": "A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering. Leave this faint puling and lament as I do. Shak.\n\nWhimpering; whining; childish.", - "pulitzer": null, "pull": "1. To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly. Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows. Shak. He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in. Gen. viii. 9. 2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend. He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made me desolate. Lam. iii. 11. 3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch. 4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull a bell; to pull an oar. 5. (Horse Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the favorite was pulled. 6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses being worked by pulling a lever. 7. (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n., 8. Never pull a straight fast ball to leg. R. H. Lyttelton. To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. \" Both are equally pulled and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. \" South. -- To pull down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a house. \" In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down than build up.\" Howell. \" To raise the wretched, and pull down the proud.\" Roscommon. To pull a finch. See under Finch. To pull off, take or draw off.\n\nTo exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or hauling; to tug; as, to pull at a rope. To pull apart, to become separated by pulling; as, a rope will pull apart. -- To pull up, to draw the reins; to stop; to halt. To pull through, to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a dangerous sickness, or the like.\n\n1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move something by drawing toward one. I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at the top of my box. Swift. 2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew. 3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic] Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off. Shak. 4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer pull; a bell pull. 5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.] 6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug. [Slang] Dickens. 7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage; means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the pull. [Slang] 8. (Cricket) A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off side, or an off ball to the side. The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket. R. A. Proctor.", "pullback": "1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance. 2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.", "pullbacks": "1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance. 2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.", @@ -60944,8 +53465,6 @@ "pulley": "A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain. Note: The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a movable frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block. A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply for changing the direction of motion. Band pulley, or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley, one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast. Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from, a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile (Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides. Split pulley, a parting pulley.\n\nTo raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.", "pulleys": "A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain. Note: The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a movable frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block. A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply for changing the direction of motion. Band pulley, or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley, one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast. Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from, a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile (Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides. Split pulley, a parting pulley.\n\nTo raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.", "pulling": null, - "pullman": null, - "pullmans": null, "pullout": null, "pullouts": null, "pullover": null, @@ -61035,7 +53554,6 @@ "pungency": "The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. \"The pungency of menaces.\" Hammond.", "pungent": "1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice. Pungent radish biting infant's tongue. Shenstone. The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope. 2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging. With pungent pains on every side. Swift. His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation. J. R. Green. 3. (Bot.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp. Syn. -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.", "pungently": "In a pungent manner; sharply.", - "punic": "1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians. 2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; as, Punic faith. Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to a proverb known. H. Brooke.", "punier": null, "puniest": null, "puniness": "The quality or state of being puny; littleness; pettiness; feebleness.", @@ -61049,8 +53567,6 @@ "punishments": "1. The act of punishing. 2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a crime or offense. I never gave them condign punishment. Shak. The rewards and punishments of another life. Locke. 3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of reformation and prevention.", "punitive": "Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice. If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon man of toiling for his subsistence. I. Taylor. We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand. Bagehot.", "punitively": null, - "punjab": null, - "punjabi": null, "punk": "1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder; touchwood. 2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; agaric. 3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk. 4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.", "punker": null, "punkest": null, @@ -61089,9 +53605,7 @@ "pupping": null, "puppy": "1. (Zoöl.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a whelp. 2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent person. I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money bag under each arm. Addison.\n\nTo bring forth whelps; to pup.", "pups": "(a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a young seal.\n\nTo bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.", - "purana": "One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.", "purblind": "1. Wholly blind. \"Purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight.\" Shak. 2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye; a purblind mole. The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be purblindand sand-blind. Latimer. O purblind race of miserable men. Tennyson. -- Pur\"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur\"blind`ness, n.", - "purcell": null, "purchasable": "Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt. Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to the price of things exchanged. Locke.", "purchase": "1. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Chaucer. That loves the thing he can not purchase. Spenser. Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so removed a dwelling. Shak. His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased. Shak. 2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as, to purchase land, or a house. The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. Gen. xxv. 10. 3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; as, to purchase favor with flattery. One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand thousand friends. Shak. A world who would not purchase with a bruise Milton. 4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.] Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. Shak. 5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance. Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price. 6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to purchase a cannon.\n\n1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's self. [Obs.] Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders should have his daughter in marriage. Ld. Berners. 2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.] Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast. J. Webster.\n\n1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.] I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase. Beau. & Fl. 2. The act of seeking and acquiring property. 3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent. It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance. Franklin. 4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson. We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small vessels of Golconda. De Foe. A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase of his lustful eye. Shak. 5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. \"The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase.\" Wheaton. 6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is gained. A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our workmen call a purchase. Burke. 7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone. Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley. -- Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.", "purchased": null, @@ -61100,7 +53614,6 @@ "purchases": "1. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Chaucer. That loves the thing he can not purchase. Spenser. Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so removed a dwelling. Shak. His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased. Shak. 2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as, to purchase land, or a house. The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. Gen. xxv. 10. 3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; as, to purchase favor with flattery. One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand thousand friends. Shak. A world who would not purchase with a bruise Milton. 4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.] Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. Shak. 5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance. Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price. 6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to purchase a cannon.\n\n1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's self. [Obs.] Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders should have his daughter in marriage. Ld. Berners. 2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.] Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast. J. Webster.\n\n1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.] I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase. Beau. & Fl. 2. The act of seeking and acquiring property. 3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent. It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance. Franklin. 4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson. We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small vessels of Golconda. De Foe. A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase of his lustful eye. Shak. 5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. \"The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase.\" Wheaton. 6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is gained. A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our workmen call a purchase. Burke. 7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone. Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley. -- Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.", "purchasing": null, "purdah": "A curtain or screen; also, a cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.", - "purdue": null, "pure": "1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water; pure clay; pure air; pure compassion. The pure fetters on his shins great. Chaucer. A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy. I. Watts. 2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; chaste; -- applied to persons. \"Keep thyself pure.\" 1 Tim. v. 22. Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience. 1 Tim. i. 5. 3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. \"Pure religion and impartial laws.\" Tickell. \"The pure, fine talk of Rome.\" Ascham. Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that ancient or modern history records. Macaulay. 4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services. Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the Lord. Lev. xxiv. 6. 5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants. Pure-impure, completely or totally impure. \"The inhabitants were pure-impure pagans.\" Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue, under Methylene. -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Pure mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles of the science, or contradistinction to applied mathematics, which treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life. See Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure villenage (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. Blackstone. Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.", "purebred": null, "purebreds": null, @@ -61130,9 +53643,6 @@ "purifies": null, "purify": "1. To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air. 2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral defilement; as, to purify the heart. And fit them so Purified to receive him pure. Milton. (b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement. And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, . . . and purified the altar. Lev. viii. 15. Purify both yourselves and your captives. Num. xxxi. 19. (c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language. Sprat.\n\nTo grow or become pure or clear.", "purifying": null, - "purim": "A Jewish festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.", - "purims": "A Jewish festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.", - "purina": null, "purine": null, "purines": null, "purism": "Rigid purity; the quality of being affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language; over-solicitude as to purity. \"His political purism.\" De Quincey. The English language, however, . . . had even already become too thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of purism to be admitted to the letter. Craik.", @@ -61143,7 +53653,6 @@ "puritanical": "1. Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice. 2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt. Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly excluded. Macaulay. He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil. Hawthorne.", "puritanically": "In a puritanical manner.", "puritanism": "The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.", - "puritanisms": "The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.", "puritans": "1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than those established by law; -- originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England. Note: The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political Puritans, Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline. Hume. 2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions. She would make a puritan of the devil. Shak.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or characteristic of, the Puritans.", "purity": "The condition of being pure. Specifically: (a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; as, the purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b) Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt. \"The purity of a linen vesture.\" Holyday. (c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from any sinister or improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign idioms, or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of style. PURKINJE'S CELLS Pur\"kin*je's cells`. Etym: [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.] (Anat.) Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the cerebellum.", "purl": "To decorate with fringe or embroidery. \"Nature's cradle more enchased and purled.\" B. Jonson.\n\n1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band. A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl and pearl. Sir P. Sidney . 2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a ribbed or waved appearance. Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.\n\n1. To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or through obstructions. Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder purl the falling rills. Pope. 2. Etym: [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle. thin winding breath which purled up to the sky. Shak.\n\n1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple. Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the sparkling gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of silver curls. Drayton. 2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions; as, the purl of a brook. 3. Etym: [Perh. from F.perler, v. See Purl to mantle.] Malt liquor, medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. \"Drank a glass of purl to recover appetite.\" Addison. \"Drinking hot purl, and smoking pipes.\" Dickens. 4. (Zoöl.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -61199,7 +53708,6 @@ "pursuits": "1. The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste, either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon. Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit. Shak. 2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of happiness or pleasure. 3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit. 4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.] That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to the spiritual court. Fuller. Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according to some specified law.", "purulence": "The quality or state of being purulent; the generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.", "purulent": "Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, purulent inflammation.", - "purus": null, "purvey": "1. To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like. Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before that bloody day. Spenser. 2. To procure; to get. I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of Benjamin. Sir W. Scot.\n\n1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision. Chaucer. Milton. 2. To pander; -- with to. \" Their turpitude purveys to their malice.\" [R.] Burke.", "purveyance": "1. The act or process of providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management. Chaucer. The ill purveyance of his page. Spenser. 2. That which is provided; provisions; food. 3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long been abolished. Wharton.", "purveyed": null, @@ -61209,8 +53717,6 @@ "purveys": "1. To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like. Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before that bloody day. Spenser. 2. To procure; to get. I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of Benjamin. Sir W. Scot.\n\n1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision. Chaucer. Milton. 2. To pander; -- with to. \" Their turpitude purveys to their malice.\" [R.] Burke.", "purview": "1. (a) (Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with \" Be it enacted, \" as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b) Hence: The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or provisions. Marshall. Profanations within the purview of several statutes. Bacon. 2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent. In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within the purview of that authority. Madison.", "pus": "The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating in a clear liquid.", - "pusan": null, - "pusey": null, "push": "A pustule; a pimple. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bacon.\n\n1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to draw. Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat. Milton. 2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore. If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox shall be stoned. Ex. xxi. 32. 3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far. \" To push his fortune.\" Dryden. Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor. Spectator. We are pushed for an answer. Swift. 4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass. 5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease. To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.\n\n1. To make a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns or with a sword. Shak. 2. To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man must push in order to succeed. At the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and the king of the north shall come against him. Dan. xi. 40. War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides resolved to push, we tried our strength. Dryden. 3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot. To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten. The rider pushed on at a rapid pace. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing. 2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove; as, to give the ball the first push. 3. An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or occasion for action. Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push. Milton. hen it comes to the push, tic no more than talk. L' Estrange. 4. The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has push, or he has no push. [Colloq.] Syn. -- See Thrust.", "pushbike": null, "pushbikes": null, @@ -61227,12 +53733,10 @@ "pushily": null, "pushiness": null, "pushing": "Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive. -- Push\"ing*ly, adv.", - "pushkin": null, "pushover": null, "pushovers": null, "pushpin": "A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.", "pushpins": "A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.", - "pushtu": null, "pushy": null, "pusillanimity": "The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit; cowardliness. The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice. Shak. It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . . pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility. South. Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.", "pusillanimous": "1. Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean-spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of persons, as, a pussillanimous prince. 2. Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of courage; feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. \"A low and pusillanimous spirit.\" Burke. Syn. -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak; feeble.", @@ -61254,8 +53758,6 @@ "pustules": "A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base, containing pus. Malignant pustule. See under Malignant.", "put": "A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n3d pers. sing. pres. of Put, contracted from putteth. Chaucer.\n\nA rustic; a clown; an awkward or uncouth person. Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign. Bramston. What droll puts the citizens seem in it all. F. Harrison.\n\n1. To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; -- nearly obsolete, except with adverbs, as with by (to put by = to thrust aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust out). His chief designs are . . . to put thee by from thy spiritual employment. Jer. Taylor. 2. To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set; figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation, condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral condition; as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to put an enemy to fight. This present dignity, In which that I have put you. Chaucer. I will put enmity between thee and the woman. Gen. iii. 15. He put no trust in his servants. Job iv. 18. When God into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might. Milton. In the mean time other measures were put in operation. Sparks. 3. To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction on an act or expression. 4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.] No man hath more love than this, that a man put his life for his friends. Wyclif (John xv. 13). 5. To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that introducing a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case. Let us now put that ye have leave. Chaucer. Put the perception and you put the mind. Berkeley. These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin. Milton. All this is ingeniously and ably put. Hare. 6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige. These wretches put us upon all mischief. Swift. Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense. Sir W. Scott. Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge. Milton. 7. To throw or cast with a pushing motion \"overhand,\" the hand being raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the shot or weight. 8. (Mining) To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the tramway. Raymond. Put case, formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or suppose the case to be. Put case that the soul after departure from the body may live. Bp. Hall. -- To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship. -- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To divorce. -- To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to delay. (b) To refuse; to deny. Coming from thee, I could not put him back. Shak. (c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To restore to the original place; to replace. -- To put by. (a) To turn, set, or thrust, aside. \"Smiling put the question by.\" Tennyson. (b) To lay aside; to keep; to sore up; as, to put by money. -- To put down. (a) To lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To lower; to diminish; as, to put down prices. (c) To deprive of position or power; to put a stop to; to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, to put down rebellion of traitors. Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down. Shak. Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Bacon. (d) To subscribe; as, to put down one's name. -- To put forth. (a) To thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as, a tree puts forth leaves. (b) To make manifest; to develop; also, to bring into action; to exert; as, to put forth strength. (c) To propose, as a question, a riddle, and the like. (d) To publish, as a book. -- To put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid. (c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour. -- To put in. (a) To introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with difficulty; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing. (b) (Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c) (Law) To place in due form before a court; to place among the records of a court. Burrill. (d) (Med.) To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place. -- To put off. (a) To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe; to put off mortality. \"Put off thy shoes from off thy feet.\" Ex. iii. 5. (b) To turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle. I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off with an harangue. Boyle. We might put him off with this answer. Bentley. (c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d) To get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, to put off a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory. (e) To push from land; as, to put off a boat. -- To put on or upon. (a) To invest one's self with, as clothes; to assume. \"Mercury . . . put on the shape of a man.\" L'Estrange. (b) To impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, to put blame on or upon another. (c) To advance; to promote. [Obs.] \"This came handsomely to put on the peace.\" Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict. \"That which thou puttest on me, will I bear.\" 2 Kings xviii. 14. (e) To apply; as, to put on workmen; to put on steam. (f) To deceive; to trick. \"The stork found he was put upon.\" L'Estrange. (g) To place upon, as a means or condition; as, he put him upon bread and water. \"This caution will put them upon considering.\" Locke. (h) (Law) To rest upon; to submit to; as, a defendant puts himself on or upon the country. Burrill. -- To put out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and intruder. (b) To put forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout. (c) To extinguish; as, to put out a candle, light, or fire. (d) To place at interest; to loan; as, to put out funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex; as, he was put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To protrude; to stretch forth; as, to put out the hand. (g) To publish; to make public; as, to put out a pamphlet. (h) To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To open; as, to put out lights, that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill. (j) (Med.) To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the ankle. (k) To cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a certain inning, as in base ball. -- To put over. (a) To place (some one) in authority over; as, to put a general over a division of an army. (b) To refer. For the certain knowledge of that knowledge of that truthput you o'er to heaven and to my mother. Shak. (c) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the next term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one over the river. -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as of an instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to engage in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work. (b) To take or seize, as in theft. \"He hath not put his hand unto his neighbor's goods.\" Ex. xxii. 11. -- To put through, to cause to go through all conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to accomplish; as, he put through a measure of legislation; he put through a railroad enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put to. (a) To add; to unite; as, to put one sum to another. (b) To refer to; to expose; as, to put the safety of the state to hazard. \"That dares not put it to the touch.\" Montrose. (c) To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to. Dickens. -- To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. -- To put to bed. (a) To undress and place in bed, as a child. (b) To deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth. -- To put to death, to kill. -- To put together, to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one. -- To put this and that (or two and two) together, to draw an inference; to form a correct conclusion. -- To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to. \"O gentle lady, do not put me to 't.\" Shak. -- To put to rights, to arrange in proper order; to settle or compose rightly. -- To put to the sword, to kill with the sword; to slay. -- To put to trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to try. -- To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in. -- To put up. (a) To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to put up with; as, to put up indignities. [Obs.] \"Such national injuries are not to be put up.\" Addison. (b) To send forth or upward; as, to put up goods for sale. (d) To start from a cover, as game. \"She has been frightened; she has been put up.\" C. Kingsley. (e) To hoard. \"Himself never put up any of the rent.\" Spelman. (f) To lay side or preserve; to pack away; to store; to pickle; as, to put up pork, beef, or fish. (g) To place out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; as, put up that letter. Shak. (h) To incite; to instigate; -- followed by to; as, he put the lad up to mischief. (i) To raise; to erect; to build; as, to put up a tent, or a house. (j) To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up travelers. -- To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang] Syn. -- To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state. -- Put, Lay, Place, Set. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position of some object, and are often used interchangeably. To put is the least definite, denoting merely to move to a place. To place has more particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a certain or proper place. To set or to lay may be used when there is special reference to the position of the object.\n\n1. To go or move; as, when the air first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go. His fury thus appeased, he puts to land. Dryden. 3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put. To put about (Naut.), to change direction; to tack. -- To put back (Naut.), to turn back; to return. \"The French . . . had put back to Toulon.\" Southey. -- To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate. \"Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth.\" Bacon. (b) To leave a port or haven, as a ship. Shak. -- To put in (Naut.), to enter a harbor; to sail into port. -- To put in for. (a) To make a request or claim; as, to put in for a share of profits. (b) To go into covert; -- said of a bird escaping from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for. Locke. -- To put off, to go away; to depart; esp., to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore. -- To put on, to hasten motion; to drive vehemently. -- To put over (Naut.), to sail over or across. -- To put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean. -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings; to lodge. (b) To offer one's self as a candidate. L'Estrange. -- To put up to, to advance to. [Obs.] \"With this he put up to my lord.\" Swift. -- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or suffer without recompense, punishment, or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront. (b) To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to endure; as, to put up with bad fare.\n\n1. The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; as, the put of a ball. \"A forced put.\" L'Estrange. 2. A certain game at cards. Young. 3. A privilege which one party buys of another to \"put\" (deliver) to him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and date. [Brokers' Cant] A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price. Johnson's Cyc.\n\nA prostitute. [Obs.]", "putative": "Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as, the putative father of a child. \"His other putative (I dare not say feigned) friends.\" E. Hall. Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped authority. Jer. Taylor.", - "putin": null, - "putnam": null, "putout": null, "putouts": null, "putrefaction": "1. The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay of albuminous or other matter. Note: Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity of chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt caused by, bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of fermentation, and is sometimes called putrefaction fermentative. Putrefaction is not possible under conditions that preclude the development of living organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons, and are called cadaveric poisons, or ptomaïnes. 2. The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied. \"Putrefaction's breath.\" Shelley.", @@ -61288,7 +53790,6 @@ "puttying": null, "putz": null, "putzes": null, - "puzo": null, "puzzle": "1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting marvelous skill in making. 2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.\n\n1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to nonplus. A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling others. Dr. H. More. He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders. Addison. 2. To make intricate; to entangle. They disentangle from the puzzled skein. Cowper. The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and perplexed with error. Addison. 3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to puzzle out a mystery. Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See Embarrass.\n\n1. To be bewildered, or perplexed. A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. L'Estrange. 2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.", "puzzled": null, "puzzlement": "The state of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss Mitford.", @@ -61296,39 +53797,27 @@ "puzzlers": "One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes. Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads. Brome.", "puzzles": "1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting marvelous skill in making. 2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.\n\n1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to nonplus. A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling others. Dr. H. More. He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders. Addison. 2. To make intricate; to entangle. They disentangle from the puzzled skein. Cowper. The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and perplexed with error. Addison. 3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to puzzle out a mystery. Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See Embarrass.\n\n1. To be bewildered, or perplexed. A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. L'Estrange. 2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.", "puzzling": null, - "pvc": null, "pvt": null, - "pw": null, "pwn": null, "pwned": null, "pwning": null, "pwns": null, - "px": null, "pyelonephritis": null, - "pygmalion": null, "pygmies": null, "pygmy": "Of or pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very small. \" Like that Pygmean race.\" Milton. Pygmy antelope (Zoöl.), the kleeneboc. -- Pygmy goose (Zoöl.), any species of very small geese of the genus Nettapus, native of Africa, India, and Australia. -- Pygmy owl (Zoöl.), the gnome. Pygmy parrot (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very small green parrots (Nasiternæ), native of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows. Pygmy chimpanzee, a species of anthropoid ape (Pan paniscus) resembling the chimpanzee, but somewhat smaller; also called bonobo. It is considered (1996) as having the closest genetic relationship to humans of any other animal. It is found in forests in Zaire, and is an endangered species.\n\n1. (Class. Myth.) One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes, and were destroyed. 2. Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf. Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are pyramids in vales. Young.", - "pyle": null, "pylon": "(a) A low tower, having a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway. Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front. J. W. Draper. (b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking towers).", "pylons": "(a) A low tower, having a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway. Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front. J. W. Draper. (b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking towers).", "pylori": null, "pyloric": "Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pylorus; as, the pyloric end of the stomach.", "pylorus": "(a) The opening from the stomach into the intestine. (b) A posterior division of the stomach in some invertebrates.", - "pym": null, - "pynchon": null, - "pyongyang": null, "pyorrhea": null, - "pyotr": null, "pyramid": "1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape. 2. (Geom.) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base. 3. pl. (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.] Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the plane of the base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base. -- Earth pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth. -- Right pyramid (Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.", "pyramidal": "1. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid; pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage. The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal. Mrs. Browning. 2. (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal. Pyramidal numbers (Math.), certain series of figurate numbers expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are trangular pyramidal numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square pyramidal numbers.\n\nOne of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform, n., 2 (b).", "pyramided": null, "pyramiding": null, "pyramids": "1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape. 2. (Geom.) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base. 3. pl. (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.] Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the plane of the base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base. -- Earth pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth. -- Right pyramid (Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.", "pyre": "A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare. Pope.", - "pyrenees": null, "pyres": "A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare. Pope.", - "pyrex": null, - "pyrexes": null, "pyrimidine": null, "pyrimidines": null, "pyrite": "A common mineral of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron disulphide. Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the sparkling pyrite blends. E. Darwin.", @@ -61339,38 +53828,18 @@ "pyrotechnic": "Of or pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them. Pyrotechnical sponge. See under Sponge.", "pyrotechnical": "Of or pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them. Pyrotechnical sponge. See under Sponge.", "pyrotechnics": "The art of making fireworks; the manufacture and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.", - "pyrrhic": "1. Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance. \" ye have the pyrrhic dance as yet.\" Byron. 2. (Pros.) Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing pyrrhic; as, a pyrrhic verse.\n\n1. Etym: [Gr. pyrrhique, fem.] An ancient Greek martial dance, to the accompaniment of the flute, its time being very quick. 2. Etym: [L. pyrrhichius (sc. pes), Gr. pyrrhique, masc.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of two short syllables.", "pyruvate": null, - "pythagoras": null, - "pythagorean": "Of or pertaining to Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 b. c.), or his philosophy. The central thought of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations of things. Encyc. Brit. Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square described upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares described upon the other two sides. -- Pythagorean system (Astron.), the commonly received system of astronomy, first taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is also called the Copernican system. -- Pythagorean letter. See Y.\n\nA follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of philosophers founded by Pythagoras.", - "pythias": null, "python": "1. (Zoöl.) Any species of very large snakes of the genus Python, and allied genera, of the family Pythonidæ. They are nearly allied to the boas. Called also rock snake. Note: The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia, and the East Indies. 2. A diviner by spirits. \"[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed pythons.\" 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).", "pythons": "1. (Zoöl.) Any species of very large snakes of the genus Python, and allied genera, of the family Pythonidæ. They are nearly allied to the boas. Called also rock snake. Note: The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia, and the East Indies. 2. A diviner by spirits. \"[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed pythons.\" 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).", - "pytorch": null, "pyx": "1. ( R. C. Ch.) The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host is reserved. 2. A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal before it is sent from the mint. Mushet. 3. (Naut.) The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle. Weale. 4. (Anat.) Same as Pyxis. Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch., a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx. Trial of the pyx, the annual testing, in the English mint, of the standard of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit.\n\nTo test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet.", "pyxes": null, "pzazz": null, "q": ", the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one sound (that of k), and is always followed by u, the two letters together being sounded like kw, except in some words in which the u is silent. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 249. Q is not found in Anglo-Saxon, cw being used instead of qu; as in cwic, quick; cwen, queen. The name (ku) is from the French ku, which is from the Latin name of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it, through a Greek alphabet, from the Phoenician, the ultimate origin being Egyptian. Etymologically, q or qu is most nearly related to a (ch, tch), p, q, and wh; as in cud, quid, L. equus, ecus, horse, Gr. equine, hippic; L. quod which, E. what; L. aquila, E. eaqle; E. kitchen, OE. kichene, AS. cycene, L. coquina.", - "qa": null, - "qaddafi": null, - "qantas": null, - "qatar": null, - "qatari": null, - "qataris": null, - "qb": null, - "qc": null, - "qed": null, - "qingdao": null, - "qinghai": null, - "qiqihar": null, - "qm": null, - "qom": null, "qr": null, "qt": null, "qts": null, "qty": null, "qua": "In so far as; in the capacity or character of; as. It is with Shelley's biographers qua biographers that we have to deal. London Spectator.", - "quaalude": null, "quack": "1. To utter a sound like the cry of a duck. 2. To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast. \" To quack of universal cures.\" Hudibras. 3. To act the part of a quack, or pretender.\n\n1. The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a hoarse, quacking noise. Chaucer. 2. Etym: [Cf. Quacksalver.] A boastful pretender to medical skill; an empiric; an ignorant practitioner. 3. Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any kind not possessed; a charlatan. Quacks political; quacks scientific, academical. Carlyle.\n\nPertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension; used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; as, a quack medicine; a quack doctor.", "quacked": null, "quackery": "The acts, arts, or boastful pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism. Carlyle.", @@ -61435,14 +53904,9 @@ "quaintness": "The quality of being quaint. Pope.", "quake": "1. To be agitated with quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold, etc.; to shudder; to tremble. Quaking for dread.\" Chaucer. She stood quaking like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to seize. Sir P. Sidney. 2. To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft, wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth quakes; the mountains quake. \" Over quaking bogs.\" Macaulay.\n\nTo cause to quake. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nA tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; a quivering.", "quaked": null, - "quaker": "1. One who quakes. 2. One of a religious sect founded by George Fox, of Leicestershire, England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves Friends. They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See Friend, n., 4. Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of Quakers given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and lay struggling as if for life. Encyc. Brit. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) The nankeen bird. (b) The sooty albatross. (c) Any grasshopper or locust of the genus (Edipoda; -- so called from the quaking noise made during flight. Quaker buttons. (Bot.) See Nux vomica. -- Quaker gun, a dummy cannon made of wood or other material; -- so called because the sect of Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance. -- Quaker ladies (Bot.), a low American biennial plant (Houstonia cærulea), with pretty four-lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish center; -- also called bluets, and little innocents.", - "quakerism": "The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of the Quakers.", - "quakerisms": "The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of the Quakers.", - "quakers": "1. One who quakes. 2. One of a religious sect founded by George Fox, of Leicestershire, England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves Friends. They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See Friend, n., 4. Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of Quakers given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and lay struggling as if for life. Encyc. Brit. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) The nankeen bird. (b) The sooty albatross. (c) Any grasshopper or locust of the genus (Edipoda; -- so called from the quaking noise made during flight. Quaker buttons. (Bot.) See Nux vomica. -- Quaker gun, a dummy cannon made of wood or other material; -- so called because the sect of Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance. -- Quaker ladies (Bot.), a low American biennial plant (Houstonia cærulea), with pretty four-lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish center; -- also called bluets, and little innocents.", "quakes": "1. To be agitated with quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold, etc.; to shudder; to tremble. Quaking for dread.\" Chaucer. She stood quaking like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to seize. Sir P. Sidney. 2. To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft, wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth quakes; the mountains quake. \" Over quaking bogs.\" Macaulay.\n\nTo cause to quake. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nA tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; a quivering.", "quaking": "a. & n. from Quake, v. Quaking aspen (Bot.), an American species of poplar (Populus tremuloides), the leaves of which tremble in the lightest breeze. It much resembles the European aspen. See Aspen. -- Quaking bog, a bog of forming peat so saturated with water that it shakes when trodden upon. -- Quaking grass. (Bot.) (a) One of several grasses of the genus Briza, having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which quake and rattle in the wind. Briza maxima is the large quaking grass; B. media and B. minor are the smaller kinds. (b) Rattlesnake grass (Glyceria Canadensis).", "quaky": "Shaky, or tremulous; quaking.", - "qualcomm": null, "qualification": "1. The act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified. 2. That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement, which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession. There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive. Burke. 3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement; diminution; as, to use words without any qualification.", "qualifications": "1. The act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified. 2. That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement, which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession. There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive. Burke. 3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement; diminution; as, to use words without any qualification.", "qualified": "1. Fitted by accomplishments or endowments. 2. Modified; limited; as, a qualified statement. Qualified fee (Law), a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification annexed to it, the fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A and his heirs, tenants of the manor of Dale. -- Qualified indorsement (Law), an indorsement which modifies the liability of the indorser that would result from the general principles of law, but does not affect the negotiability of the instrument. Story. -- Qualified negative (Legislation), a limited veto power, by which the chief executive in a constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passed by the legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon a reconsideration the legislature again passes them by a certain majority specified in the constitution, when they become laws without the approval of the executive. Qualified property (Law), that which depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed, or as in the case of a bailment. Syn. -- Competent; fit; adapted. -- Qualified, Competent. Competent is most commonly used with respect to native endowments and general ability suited to the performance of a task or duty; qualified with respect to specific acquirements and training.", @@ -61479,7 +53943,6 @@ "quantization": null, "quantize": null, "quantum": "1. Quantity; amount. \"Without authenticating . . . the quantum of the charges.\" Burke. 2. (Math.) A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary. W. K. Clifford. Quantum meruit ( Etym: [L., as much as he merited] (Law), a count in an action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the plaintiff for his service as much as he should deserve. -- Quantum sufficit (, or Quantum suff. Etym: [L., as much suffices] (Med.), a sufficient quantity. -- Quantum valebat ( Etym: [L., as much at it was worth] (Law), a count in an action to recover of the defendant, for goods sold, as much as they were worth. Blackstone.", - "quaoar": null, "quarantine": "1. A space of forty days; -- used of Lent. 2. Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed. Note: Quarantine is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as well as by sea. 3. (Eng. Law) The period of forty days during which the widow had the privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died seized. Quarantine flag, a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; -- called also the yellow jack, and yellow flag.\n\nTo compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to put under, or in, quarantine.", "quarantined": null, "quarantines": "1. A space of forty days; -- used of Lent. 2. Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed. Note: Quarantine is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as well as by sea. 3. (Eng. Law) The period of forty days during which the widow had the privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died seized. Quarantine flag, a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; -- called also the yellow jack, and yellow flag.\n\nTo compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to put under, or in, quarantine.", @@ -61530,8 +53993,6 @@ "quashes": null, "quashing": null, "quasi": "As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or degree; having some resemblance to; qualified; -- used as an adjective, or a prefix with a noun or an adjective; as, a quasi contract, an implied contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if from a contract; a quasi corporation, a body that has some, but not all, of the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a quasi argument, that which resembles, or is used as, an argument; quasi historical, apparently historical, seeming to be historical.", - "quasimodo": "The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.", - "quaternary": "1. Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four. 2. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary; as, the Quaternary age, or Age of man.\n\n1. The number four. Boyle. 2. (Geol.) The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the Chart of Geology.", "quatrain": "A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. Dryden.", "quatrains": "A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. Dryden.", "quaver": "1. To tremble; to vibrate; to shake. Sir I. Newton. 2. Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical instrument\n\nTo utter with quavers. We shall hear her quavering them . . . to some sprightly airs of the opera. Addison.\n\n1. A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, or of an instrument of music. 2. (Mus.) An eighth note. See Eighth.", @@ -61540,19 +54001,14 @@ "quavers": "1. To tremble; to vibrate; to shake. Sir I. Newton. 2. Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical instrument\n\nTo utter with quavers. We shall hear her quavering them . . . to some sprightly airs of the opera. Addison.\n\n1. A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, or of an instrument of music. 2. (Mus.) An eighth note. See Eighth.", "quavery": null, "quay": "A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels. [Written also key.]\n\nTo furnish with quays.", - "quayle": null, "quays": "A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels. [Written also key.]\n\nTo furnish with quays.", "quayside": null, "quaysides": null, - "que": "A half farthing. [Obs.]", "queasier": null, "queasiest": null, "queasily": "In a queasy manner.", "queasiness": "The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness; squeamishness. Shak.", "queasy": "1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; qualmish. 2. Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled; ticklish. \" A queasy question.\" Shak. Some seek, when queasy conscience has its qualms. Cowper.", - "quebec": null, - "quebecois": null, - "quechua": null, "queen": "1. The wife of a king. 2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as, Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scots. In faith, and by the heaven's quene. Chaucer. 3. A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind; as, a queen in society; -- also used figuratively of cities, countries, etc. \" This queen of cities.\" \" Albion, queen of isles.\" Cowper. 4. The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and termites. 5 5, (Chess) The most powerful, and except the king the most important, piece in a set of chessmen. 6. A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the queen of spades. A male homosexual, esp. one who is effeminate or dresses in women's clothing. Sometimes pejorative. Queen apple. Etym: [Cf. OE. quyne aple quince apple.] A kind of apple; a queening. \"Queen apples and red cherries.\" Spenser. -- Queen bee (Zoöl.), a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See Honeybee. -- Queen conch (Zoöl.), a very large West Indian cameo conch (Cassis cameo). It is much used for making cameos. -- Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king. Blackstone. -- Queen dowager, the widow of a king. -- Queen gold, formerly a revenue of the queen consort of England, arising from gifts, fines, etc. -- Queen mother, a queen dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen. -- Queen of May. See May queen, under May. -- Queen of the meadow (Bot.), a European herbaceous plant (Spiræa Ulmaria). See Meadowsweet. -- Queen of the prairie (Bot.), an American herb (Spiræa lobata) with ample clusters of pale pink flowers. -- Queen pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They are mostly pale blue, or ash- blue, marked with white, and have a large occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also crowned pigeon, goura, and Victoria pigeon. -- Queen regent, or Queen regnant, a queen reigning in her own right. -- Queen's Bench. See King's Bench. -- Queen's counsel, Queen's evidence. See King's counsel, King's evidence, under King. -- Queen's delight (Bot.), an American plant (Stillinqia sylvatica) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a perennial woody root. -- Queen's metal (Metal.), an alloy somewhat resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper. -- Queen's pigeon. (Zoöl.) Same as Queen pigeon, above. -- Queen's ware, glazed English earthenware of a cream color. -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- formerly called turpetum minerale, or Turbith's mineral.\n\nTo act the part of a queen. Shak.\n\nTo make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn.", "queened": null, "queening": "Any one of several kinds of apples, as summer queening, scarlet queening, and early queening. An apple called the queening was cultivated in England two hundred years ago.", @@ -61560,7 +54016,6 @@ "queenliest": null, "queenly": "Like, becoming, or suitable to, a queen.", "queens": "1. The wife of a king. 2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as, Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scots. In faith, and by the heaven's quene. Chaucer. 3. A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind; as, a queen in society; -- also used figuratively of cities, countries, etc. \" This queen of cities.\" \" Albion, queen of isles.\" Cowper. 4. The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and termites. 5 5, (Chess) The most powerful, and except the king the most important, piece in a set of chessmen. 6. A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the queen of spades. A male homosexual, esp. one who is effeminate or dresses in women's clothing. Sometimes pejorative. Queen apple. Etym: [Cf. OE. quyne aple quince apple.] A kind of apple; a queening. \"Queen apples and red cherries.\" Spenser. -- Queen bee (Zoöl.), a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See Honeybee. -- Queen conch (Zoöl.), a very large West Indian cameo conch (Cassis cameo). It is much used for making cameos. -- Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king. Blackstone. -- Queen dowager, the widow of a king. -- Queen gold, formerly a revenue of the queen consort of England, arising from gifts, fines, etc. -- Queen mother, a queen dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen. -- Queen of May. See May queen, under May. -- Queen of the meadow (Bot.), a European herbaceous plant (Spiræa Ulmaria). See Meadowsweet. -- Queen of the prairie (Bot.), an American herb (Spiræa lobata) with ample clusters of pale pink flowers. -- Queen pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They are mostly pale blue, or ash- blue, marked with white, and have a large occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also crowned pigeon, goura, and Victoria pigeon. -- Queen regent, or Queen regnant, a queen reigning in her own right. -- Queen's Bench. See King's Bench. -- Queen's counsel, Queen's evidence. See King's counsel, King's evidence, under King. -- Queen's delight (Bot.), an American plant (Stillinqia sylvatica) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a perennial woody root. -- Queen's metal (Metal.), an alloy somewhat resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper. -- Queen's pigeon. (Zoöl.) Same as Queen pigeon, above. -- Queen's ware, glazed English earthenware of a cream color. -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- formerly called turpetum minerale, or Turbith's mineral.\n\nTo act the part of a queen. Shak.\n\nTo make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn.", - "queensland": null, "queer": "1. At variance with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a queer story or act. \" A queer look.\" W. Irving. 2. Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a queer transaction. [Colloq.]\n\nCounterfeit money. [Slang] To shove the queer, to put counterfeit money in circulation. [Slang]", "queered": null, "queerer": null, @@ -61581,7 +54036,6 @@ "quenches": null, "quenching": null, "quenchless": "Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, quenchless fire or fury. \"Once kindled, quenchless evermore.\" Byron. Syn. -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable. -- Quench\"less*ly, adv. -- Quench\"less*ness, n.", - "quentin": null, "queried": null, "queries": null, "querulous": "1. Given to quarreling; quarrelsome. [Obs.] land. 2. Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as, a querulous man or people. Enmity can hardly be more annoying that querulous, jealous, exacting fondness. Macaulay. 3. Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a querulous tone of voice. Syn. -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied. -- Quer\"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Quer\"u*lous*ness, n.", @@ -61608,12 +54062,10 @@ "questionnaires": "= Questionary, above.", "questions": "1. The act of asking; interrogation; inquiry; as, to examine by question and answer. 2. Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; as, the story is true beyond question; he obeyed without question. There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying. John iii. 25. It is to be to question, whether it be lawful for Christian princes to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith. Bacon. 3. Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation; specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination under torture. Blackstone. He that was in question for the robbery. Shak. The Scottish privy council had power to put state prisoners to the question. Macaulay. 4. That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query. But this question asked Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his pain Milton. 5. Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme of inquiry; matter to be inquired into; as, a delicate or doubtful question. 6. Talk; conversation; speech; speech.[Obs.] Shak. In question, in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or point in question. -- Leading question. See under Leading. -- Out of question, unquestionably. \"Out of question, 't is Maria's hand.\" Shak. -- Out of the question. See under Out. -- Past question, beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably. -- Previous question, a question put to a parliamentary assembly upon the motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the will of the body to vote at once, without further debate, on the subject under consideration. Note: The form of the question is: \"Shall the main question be now put\" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate or the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives of the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had not been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to hasten action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English practice, the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being, and the motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. Cushing. -- To beg the question. See under Beg. -- To the question, to the point in dispute; to the real matter under debate. Syn. -- Point; topic; subject.\n\n1. To ask questions; to inquire. He that questioneth much shall lean much. Bacon. 2. To argue; to converse; to dispute. [Obs.] I pray you, think you question with the Jew. Shak.\n\n1. To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by interrogatories; as, to question a witness. 2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query. And most we question what we most desire. Prior. 3. To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection to. \"But have power and right to question thy bold entrance on this place.\" Milton. 4. To talk to; to converse with. With many holiday and lady terms he questioned me. Shak. Syn. -- To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute. -- Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To inquire is merely to ask for information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To interrogate is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To question has a wider sense than to interrogate, and often implies an attitude of distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner.", "quests": "1. The act of seeking, or looking after anything; attempt to find or obtain; search; pursuit; as, to rove in quest of game, of a lost child, of property, etc. Upon an hard adventure yet in quest. Spenser. Cease your quest of love. Shak. There ended was his quest, there ceased his care. Milton. 2. Request; desire; solicitation. Gad not abroad at every quest and call Of an untrained hope or passion. Herbert. 3. Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively. The senate hath sent about three several quests to search you out. Shak. 4. Inquest; jury of inquest. What lawful quest have given their verdict Shak.\n\nTo search for; to examine. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.\n\nTo go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to beg. [R.] If his questing had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat. Macaulay.", - "quetzalcoatl": null, "queue": "(a) A tail-like appendage of hair; a pigtail. (b) A line of persons waiting anywhere.\n\nTo fasten, as hair, in a queue.", "queued": null, "queues": "(a) A tail-like appendage of hair; a pigtail. (b) A line of persons waiting anywhere.\n\nTo fasten, as hair, in a queue.", "queuing": null, - "quezon": null, "quibble": "1. A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling or evasive distinction; an evasion; a cavil. Quibbles have no place in the search after truth. I. Watts. 2. A pun; a low conceit.\n\n1. To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words, caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate. 2. To pun; to practice punning. Cudworth. Syn. -- To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle.", "quibbled": null, "quibbler": "One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster.", @@ -61674,12 +54126,10 @@ "quin": "A European scallop (Pecten opercularis), used as food. [Prov. Eng.]", "quince": "1. The fruit of a shrub (Cydonia vulgaris) belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, jelly, and preserves. 2. (Bot.) a quince tree or shrub. Japan quince (Bot.), an Eastern Asiatic shrub (Cydonia, formerly Pyrus, Japonica) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much grown for ornament. -- Quince curculio (Zoöl.), a small gray and yellow curculio (Conotrachelus cratægi) whose larva lives in quinces. -- Quince tree (Bot.), the small tree (Cydonia vulgaris) which produces the quince.", "quinces": "1. The fruit of a shrub (Cydonia vulgaris) belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, jelly, and preserves. 2. (Bot.) a quince tree or shrub. Japan quince (Bot.), an Eastern Asiatic shrub (Cydonia, formerly Pyrus, Japonica) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much grown for ornament. -- Quince curculio (Zoöl.), a small gray and yellow curculio (Conotrachelus cratægi) whose larva lives in quinces. -- Quince tree (Bot.), the small tree (Cydonia vulgaris) which produces the quince.", - "quincy": null, "quine": null, "quines": null, "quinidine": "An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is used somewhat as a febrifuge. [Written also chinidine.]", "quinine": "An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc. [Written also chinine.]", - "quinn": null, "quinoa": "The seeds of a kind of goosewort (Chenopodium Quinoa), used in Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also, food thus made.", "quins": "A European scallop (Pecten opercularis), used as food. [Prov. Eng.]", "quinsy": "An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent, especially of the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling, painful and impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever. It sometimes creates danger of suffocation; -- called also squinancy, and squinzey.", @@ -61690,8 +54140,6 @@ "quintessentially": null, "quintet": "A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the set of five persons who sing or play five-part music.", "quintets": "A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the set of five persons who sing or play five-part music.", - "quintilian": null, - "quinton": null, "quints": "1. A set or sequence of five, as in piquet. 2. (Mus.) The interval of a fifth.", "quintuple": "Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount; fivefold. Quintuple time (Mus.), a time having five beats in a measure. It is seldom used.\n\nTo make fivefold, or five times as much or many.", "quintupled": null, @@ -61707,7 +54155,6 @@ "quipsters": null, "quire": "See Choir. [Obs.] Spenser. A quire of such enticing birds. Shak.\n\nTo sing in concert. [R.] Shak.\n\nA collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream.", "quires": "See Choir. [Obs.] Spenser. A quire of such enticing birds. Shak.\n\nTo sing in concert. [R.] Shak.\n\nA collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream.", - "quirinal": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, the hill Collis Quirinalis, now Monte Quirinale (one of the seven hills of Rome), or a modern royal place situated upon it. Also used substantively.", "quirk": "1. A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line; hence, an artful evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as, the quirks of a pettifogger. \"Some quirk or . . . evasion.\" Spenser. We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties and intricate quirks. Barrow. 2. A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice. [Obs.] \"Quirks of joy and grief.\" Shak. 3. A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit. Some odd quirks and remnants of wit. Shak. 4. An irregular air; as, light quirks of music. Pope. 5. (Building) A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; -- sometimes written quink. Gwilt. 6. (Arch.) A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width, used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding. Quirk molding, a bead between two quirks.", "quirked": "Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks.", "quirkier": null, @@ -61724,7 +54171,6 @@ "quitclaim": "A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.\n\nTo release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount titles.", "quitclaims": "A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.\n\nTo release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount titles.", "quite": "See Quit. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is not quite done; the object is quite accomplished; to be quite mistaken. Man shall not quite be lost, but saved who will. Milton. The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from quite contrary principles. Spectator. 2. To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably. \"Quite amusing.\" Macaulay. He really looks quite concerned. Landor. The island stretches along the land and is quite close to it. Jowett (Thucyd. ).", - "quito": null, "quits": "See the Note under Quit, a.", "quittance": "1. Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance. Omittance is no quittance. Shak. 2. Recompense; return; repayment. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo repay; to requite. [Obs.] Shak.", "quitter": "1. One who quits. 2. A deliverer. [Obs.] Ainsworth.", @@ -61735,10 +54181,8 @@ "quivering": null, "quivers": "Nimble; active. [Obs.] \" A little quiver fellow.\" Shak.\n\nTo shake or move with slight and tremulous motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver. The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind. Shak. And left the limbs still quivering on the ground. Addison.\n\nThe act or state of quivering; a tremor.\n\nA case or sheath for arrows to be carried on the person. Reside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder stored. Milton.", "quivery": null, - "quixote": null, "quixotic": "Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded. \"Feats of quixotic gallantry.\" Prescott.", "quixotically": "In a quixotic way.", - "quixotism": "That form of delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.", "quiz": "1. A riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax. 2. One who quizzes others; as, he is a great quiz. 3. An odd or absurd fellow. Smart. Thackeray. 4. An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as an examination. [Cant, U.S.]\n\n1. To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with pretended seriousness of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure questions. He quizzed unmercifully all the men in the room. Thackeray. 2. To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly. 3. To instruct in or by a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.] Quizzing glass, a small eyeglass.\n\nTo conduct a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.]", "quizzed": null, "quizzer": "One who quizzes; a quiz.", @@ -61747,7 +54191,6 @@ "quizzical": "Relating to quizzing: given to quizzing; of the nature of a quiz; farcical; sportive. -- Quiz\"zic*al*ly, adv.", "quizzically": null, "quizzing": null, - "qumran": null, "quo": null, "quoin": "1. (Arch.) Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked. Note: In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain imitation of quoins of stone. 2. A wedgelike piece of stone, wood metal, or other material, used for various purposes, as: (a) (Masonry) to support and steady a stone. (b) (Gun.) To support the breech of a cannon. (c) (Print.) To wedge or lock up a form within a chase. (d) (Naut.) To prevent casks from rolling. Hollow quoin. See under Hollow. -- Quoin post (Canals), the post of a lock gate which abuts against the wall.", "quoins": "1. (Arch.) Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked. Note: In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain imitation of quoins of stone. 2. A wedgelike piece of stone, wood metal, or other material, used for various purposes, as: (a) (Masonry) to support and steady a stone. (b) (Gun.) To support the breech of a cannon. (c) (Print.) To wedge or lock up a form within a chase. (d) (Naut.) To prevent casks from rolling. Hollow quoin. See under Hollow. -- Quoin post (Canals), the post of a lock gate which abuts against the wall.", @@ -61756,7 +54199,6 @@ "quoiting": null, "quoits": "1. (a) A flattened ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed object in play; hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same purpose, as a stone, piece of iron, etc. (b) pl. A game played with quoits. Shak. 2. The discus of the ancients. See Discus. 3. A cromlech. [Prov. Eng.] J. Morley.\n\nTo throw quoits; to play at quoits. To quoit, to run, and steeds and chariots drive. Dryden.\n\nTo throw; to pitch. [Obs. or R.] Shak.", "quondam": "Having been formerly; former; sometime. \"This is the quondam king.\" Shak.\n\nA person dismissed or ejected from a position. [R.] \"Make them quondams; . . . cast them out of their office.\" Latimer.", - "quonset": null, "quorate": null, "quorum": "Such a number of the officers or members of any body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a quorum of the House of Representatives; a constitutional quorum was not present. Note: The term arose from the Latin words, Quorum aliquem vestrum . . . unum esse volumus (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in England, by which commission it was directed that no business of certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of certain justices specially designated. Justice of the peace and of the quorum designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the United States.", "quorums": "Such a number of the officers or members of any body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a quorum of the House of Representatives; a constitutional quorum was not present. Note: The term arose from the Latin words, Quorum aliquem vestrum . . . unum esse volumus (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in England, by which commission it was directed that no business of certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of certain justices specially designated. Justice of the peace and of the quorum designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the United States.", @@ -61775,12 +54217,8 @@ "quotient": "1. (Arith.) The number resulting from the division of one number by another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater; thus, the quotient of twelve divided by four is three. 2. (Higher Alg.) The result of any process inverse to multiplication. See the Note under Multiplication.", "quotients": "1. (Arith.) The number resulting from the division of one number by another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater; thus, the quotient of twelve divided by four is three. 2. (Higher Alg.) The result of any process inverse to multiplication. See the Note under Multiplication.", "quoting": null, - "quran": "See Koran.", - "quranic": null, "qwerty": null, "r": "R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 178, 179, and 250-254. \"R is the dog's letter and hurreth in the sound.\" B. Jonson. In words derived from the Greek language the letter h is generally written after r to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek \"r, but does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as rhapsody, rhetoric. The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin, the Greek letter being derived from the Phonician, which, it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most closely related to l, s, and n; as in bandore, mandole; purple, L. purpura; E. chapter, F. chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was, were; hare, G. hase; E. order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E. coffer, coffin. The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education.", - "ra": "A roe; a deer. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "rabat": "A polishing material made of potter's clay that has failed in baking.\n\n(a) A clerical linen collar. (b) A kind of clerical scarf fitted to a collar; as, a black silk rabat.", "rabbet": "1. To cut a rabbet in; to furnish with a rabbet. 2. To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint.\n\n1. (Carp.) A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body; especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or for a door, is a rabbet, or rebate. 2. Same as Rabbet joint, below. Rabbet joint (Carp.), a joint formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers; -- called also rabbet. -- Rabbet plane, a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet. Moxon.", "rabbeted": null, "rabbeting": null, @@ -61796,13 +54234,10 @@ "rabbits": null, "rabble": "An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the process of puddling.\n\nOf or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar. [R.] Dryden.\n\n1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused, disorderly throng. I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the prince, a great rabble of mean and light persons. Ascham. Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole rabble of licentious deities. Bp. Warburton. 2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter. The rabble, the lowest class of people, without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people. \"The rabble call him \"lord.'\" Shak.\n\nTo speak in a confused manner. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nTo stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron.\n\n1. To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to rabble a curate. Macaulay. The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves rabbled on their way to the house. J. R. Green. 2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence. [Obs. or Scot.] Foxe. 3. To rumple; to crumple. [Scot.]", "rabbles": "An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the process of puddling.\n\nOf or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar. [R.] Dryden.\n\n1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused, disorderly throng. I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the prince, a great rabble of mean and light persons. Ascham. Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole rabble of licentious deities. Bp. Warburton. 2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter. The rabble, the lowest class of people, without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people. \"The rabble call him \"lord.'\" Shak.\n\nTo speak in a confused manner. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nTo stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron.\n\n1. To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to rabble a curate. Macaulay. The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves rabbled on their way to the house. J. R. Green. 2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence. [Obs. or Scot.] Foxe. 3. To rumple; to crumple. [Scot.]", - "rabelais": null, - "rabelaisian": null, "rabid": "1. Furious; raging; extremely violent. The rabid flight Of winds that ruin ships. Chapman. 2. Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion; excessively zealous; as, a rabid socialist. 3. Affected with the distemper called rabies; mad; as, a rabid dog or fox. 4. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; as, rabid virus.", "rabidly": "In a rabid manner; with extreme violence.", "rabidness": "The quality or state of being rabid.", "rabies": "Same as Hydrophobia (b); canine madness.", - "rabin": null, "raccoon": "A North American nocturnal carnivore (Procyon lotor) allied to the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also coon, and mapach. Raccoon dog (Zoöl.), the tanate. -- Raccoon fox (Zoöl.), the cacomixle.", "raccoons": "A North American nocturnal carnivore (Procyon lotor) allied to the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also coon, and mapach. Raccoon dog (Zoöl.), the tanate. -- Raccoon fox (Zoöl.), the cacomixle.", "race": "A game, match, etc., open only to losers in early stages of contests.\n\nA root. \"A race or two of ginger.\" Shak. Race ginger, ginger in the root, or not pulverized.\n\n1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed. The whole race of mankind. Shak. Whence the long race of Alban fathers come. Dryden. Note: Naturalists and ehnographers divide mankind into several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering describes eleven. One of the common classifications is that of Blumenbach, who makes five races: the Caucasian, or white race, to which belong the greater part of the European nations and those of Western Asia; the Mongolian, or yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the Ethiopian, or negro race, occupying most of Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the American, or red race, comprising the Indians of North and South America; and the Malayan, or brown race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as branches of the Mongolian. See Illustration in Appendix. 2. Company; herd; breed. For do but note a wild and wanton herd, Or race of youthful and unhandled colts, Fetching mad bounds. Shak . 3. (Bot.) A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated by seed. 4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack. \"A race of heaven.\" Shak. Is it [the wine] of the right race Massinqer. 5. Hence, characteristic quality or disposition. [Obs.] And now I give my sensual race the rein. Shak. Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment. Sir W. Temple. Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny; issue.\n\n1. A progress; a course; a movement or progression. 2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running. The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts. Bacon. 3. Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; as, he attended the races. The race is not to the swift. Eccl. ix. 11. I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race. Pope. 4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life. My race of glory run, and race of shame. Milton. 5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney. 6. The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race. Note: The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes called the headrace, the part below, the tailrace. 7. (Mach.) A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc. Race cloth, a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold the weights prescribed. -- Race course. (a) The path, generally circular or elliptical, over which a race is run. (b) Same as Race way, below. -- Race cup, a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race. -- Race glass, a kind of field glass. -- Race horse. (a) A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running races. (b) A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running. (c) (Zoöl.) The steamer duck. (d) (Zoöl.) A mantis. -- Race knife, a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding. -- Race saddle, a light saddle used in racing. -- Race track. Same as Race course (a), above. -- Race way, the canal for the current that drives a water wheel.\n\n1. To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals raced over the ground; the ships raced from port to port. 2. (Steam Mach.) To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea.\n\n1. To cause to contend in race; to drive at high speed; as, to race horses. 2. To run a race with.", @@ -61822,10 +54257,6 @@ "racetracks": null, "raceway": null, "raceways": null, - "rachael": null, - "rachel": null, - "rachelle": null, - "rachmaninoff": null, "racial": "Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the racial complexion.", "racialism": null, "racialist": null, @@ -61834,7 +54265,6 @@ "racier": null, "raciest": null, "racily": "In a racy manner.", - "racine": null, "raciness": "The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor. The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always simple, and raciness often elegant. London Times.", "racing": "a. & n. from Race, v. t. & i. Racing crab (Zoöl.), an ocypodian.", "racism": null, @@ -61862,8 +54292,6 @@ "radars": null, "radarscope": null, "radarscopes": null, - "radcliff": null, - "radcliffe": null, "raddled": null, "radial": "Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections; (Zoöl.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery. Radial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry.", "radially": "In a radial manner.", @@ -61936,9 +54364,6 @@ "radius": "1. (Geom.) A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere. 2. (Anat.) The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See Illust. of Artiodactyla. Note: The radius is on the same side of the limb as the thumb, or pollex, and in man it so articulated that its lower end is capable of partial rotation about the ulna. 3. (Bot.) A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See Ray, 2. 4. pl. (Zoöl.) (a) The barbs of a perfect. (b) Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates. 5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument. Knight. Radius bar (Math.), a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular arc. -- Radius of curvature. See under Curvature.", "radon": null, "rads": "imp. & p. p. of Read, Rede. Spenser.", - "rae": null, - "raf": null, - "rafael": null, "raffia": "A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).", "raffish": "Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low. A sad, raffish, disreputable character. Thackeray.", "raffishly": null, @@ -61976,7 +54401,6 @@ "ragingly": null, "raglan": "A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord Raglan, an English general.", "raglans": "A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord Raglan, an English general.", - "ragnarok": "The so-called \"Twilight of the Gods\" (called in German Götterdämmerung), the final destruction of the world in the great conflict between the Æsir (gods) on the one hand, and on the other, the gaints and the powers of Hel under the leadership of Loki (who is escaped from bondage).\n\nThe so-called \"Twilight of the Gods\" (called in German Götterdämmerung), the final destruction of the world in the great conflict between the Æsir (gods) on the one hand, and on the other, the gaints and the powers of Hel under the leadership of Loki (who is escaped from bondage).", "ragout": "A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; as, a ragout of mutton.", "ragouts": "A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; as, a ragout of mutton.", "rags": "To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.\n\n1. A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment. Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered into rags. Milton. Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty. Fuller. 2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress. And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm. Dryden. 3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin. The other zealous rag is the compositor. B. Jonson. Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and rag. Spenser. 4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture. 5. (Metal Working) A ragged edge. 6. A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang] Our ship was a clipper with every rag set. Lowell. Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place. -- Rag carpet, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of cloth sewed together, end to end. -- Rag dust, fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-maché and wall papers. -- Rag wheel. (a) A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b) A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel. -- Rag wool, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits, shoddy.\n\nTo become tattered. [Obs.]\n\n1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting. 2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.", @@ -62051,20 +54475,11 @@ "rakish": "Dissolute; lewd; debauched. The arduous task of converting a rakish lover. Macaulay.\n\nHaving a saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash. Ham. Nav. Encyc.", "rakishly": "In a rakish manner.", "rakishness": "The quality or state of being rakish.", - "raleigh": null, "rallied": null, "rallies": "A French political group, also known as the Constitutional Right from its position in the Chambers, mainly monarchists who rallied to the support of the Republic in obedience to the encyclical put forth by Pope Leo XIII. in Feb., 1892.", "rally": "To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.\n\n1. To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite. The Grecians rally, and their powers unite. Dryden. Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to rally together, and to form themselves into this new world. Tillotson. 2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or consciousness; to recuperate. 3. To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the market, stocks, etc.\n\n1. The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of that word). 2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nTo attack with raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire. Honeycomb . . . raillies me upon a country life. Addison. Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain. Which gay Corinna rallied with disdain. Gay. Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.\n\nTo use pleasantry, or satirical merriment.\n\nGood-humored raillery.", "rallying": null, - "ralph": "A name sometimes given to the raven.", "ram": "1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a tup. 2. (Astron.) (a) Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of March. (b) The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name. 3. An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specifically: (a) In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering- ram. (b) A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak. 4. A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic. 5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like. 6. The plunger of a hydraulic press. Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch. [Written also ramshorn.] Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An ammonite.\n\n1. To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc. [They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins. Shak. 2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving. A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and rammed to make the foundation solid. Arbuthnot.", - "rama": null, - "ramada": null, - "ramadan": "1. The ninth Mohammedan month. 2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight through the ninth month.", - "ramadans": "1. The ninth Mohammedan month. 2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight through the ninth month.", - "ramakrishna": null, - "ramanujan": null, - "ramayana": "The more ancient of the two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama and his wife Sita.", "ramble": "1. To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the world. He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind Locke. 2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way. 3. To extend or grow at random. Thomson. Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.\n\n1. A going or moving from place to place without any determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation. Coming home, after a short Christians ramble. Swift. 2. Etym: [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal Mining) A bed of shale over the seam. Raymond.", "rambled": null, "rambler": "One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer.", @@ -62072,7 +54487,6 @@ "rambles": "1. To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the world. He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind Locke. 2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way. 3. To extend or grow at random. Thomson. Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.\n\n1. A going or moving from place to place without any determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation. Coming home, after a short Christians ramble. Swift. 2. Etym: [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal Mining) A bed of shale over the seam. Raymond.", "rambling": "Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk, or building.", "ramblings": "Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk, or building.", - "rambo": null, "rambunctious": null, "rambunctiously": null, "rambunctiousness": null, @@ -62085,15 +54499,10 @@ "ramifies": null, "ramify": "To divide into branches or subdivisions; as, to ramify an art, subject, scheme.\n\n1. To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a plant. When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to ramify. Arbuthnot. 2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject.", "ramifying": null, - "ramirez": null, - "ramiro": null, "ramjet": null, "ramjets": null, "rammed": null, "ramming": null, - "ramon": null, - "ramona": null, - "ramos": null, "ramp": "1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp. 2. To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with violence. Their bridles they would champ, And trampling the fine element would fiercely ramp. Spenser. 3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up. With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great height. Ray.\n\n1. A leap; a spring; a hostile advance. The bold Ascalonite Fled from his lion ramp. Milton. 2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A romping woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Lyly. 4. Etym: [F. rampe.] (Arch.) (a) Any sloping member, other than a purely constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase. (b) A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes its direction. 5. Etym: [F. rampe.] (Fort.) An inclined plane serving as a communication between different interior levels.", "rampage": "Violent or riotous behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; as, to be on the rampage. [Prov. or Low.] Dickens.\n\nTo leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; to rage. [Prov. or Low]", "rampaged": null, @@ -62111,9 +54520,6 @@ "ramrodding": null, "ramrods": "The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.", "rams": "1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a tup. 2. (Astron.) (a) Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of March. (b) The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name. 3. An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specifically: (a) In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering- ram. (b) A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak. 4. A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic. 5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like. 6. The plunger of a hydraulic press. Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch. [Written also ramshorn.] Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An ammonite.\n\n1. To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc. [They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins. Shak. 2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving. A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and rammed to make the foundation solid. Arbuthnot.", - "ramsay": null, - "ramses": null, - "ramsey": null, "ramshackle": "Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair. There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his ramshackle coach. Thackeray.\n\nTo search or ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.]", "ran": "imp. of Run.\n\nOpen robbery. [Obs.] Lambarde.\n\nYarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.", "ranch": "To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [R.] Dryden. \"Hasting to raunch the arrow out.\" Spenser.\n\nA tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses, cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U. S.]", @@ -62129,14 +54535,9 @@ "rancorous": "Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent. So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire. Spenser.", "rancorously": "In a rancorous manner.", "rand": "1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort of steak. Beau. & Fl. 3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the heel.\n\nTo rant; to storm. [Obs.] I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed. J. Webster.", - "randal": null, - "randall": null, - "randell": null, - "randi": null, "randier": null, "randiest": null, "randiness": null, - "randolph": null, "random": "1. Force; violence. [Obs.] For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and force. E. Hall. 2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard. Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily. Herrick. O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the archer little meant ! Sir W. Scott. 3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of a rifle ball. Sir K. Digby. 4. (Mining) The direction of a rake-vein. Raymond.\n\nGoing at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess. Some random truths he can impart. Wordsworth. So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random. H. Spencer. Random courses (Masonry), courses of unequal thickness. -- Random shot, a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- Random work (Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds.", "randomization": null, "randomize": null, @@ -62162,14 +54563,11 @@ "rangiest": null, "ranginess": null, "ranging": null, - "rangoon": null, "rangy": "Inclined or able to range, or rove about, for considerable distances; apt or suited for much roving, --chiefly used of cattle.", "rank": "1. Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height; as, rank grass; rank weeds. And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good. Gen. xli. 5. 2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; as, rank heresy. \"Rank nonsense.\" Hare. \"I do forgive thy rankest fault.\" Shak. 3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and fertile; as, rank land. Mortimer. 4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell; rank- smelling rue. Spenser. 5. Strong to the taste. \"Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on which they feed.\" Boyle. 6. Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] Shak. Rank modus (Law), an excessive and unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3. -- To set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank, to set so as to take off a thick shaving. Moxon.\n\nRankly; stoutly; violently. [Obs.] That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell. Fairfax.\n\n1. A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of osiers. Many a mountain nigh Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still. Byron. 2. (Mil.) A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to file. See 1st File, 1 (a). Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, In ranks and squadrons and right form of war. Shak. 3. Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; as, the rank of general; the rank of admiral. 4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders of men; the highest and the lowest ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings. 5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer of the first rank; a lawyer of high rank. These all are virtues of a meaner rank. Addison. 6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position; distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank. Rank and file. (a) (Mil.) The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting the noncommissioned staff. (b) See under 1st File. -- The ranks, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a noncommissioned officer to the ranks. -- To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a competent number. -- To take rank of, to have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place than.pull rank, to insist on one's own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than that of one suggesting a different plan\n\n1. To place abreast, or in a line. 2. To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to classify. Ranking all things under general and special heads. I. Watts. Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers. Broome. Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft. Dr. H. More. 3. To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.]\n\n1. To be ranged; to be set or disposed, an in a particular degree, class, order, or division. Let that one article rank with the rest. Shak. 2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or consideration; as, he ranks with the first class of poets; he ranks high in public estimation.", "ranked": null, "ranker": "One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.", "rankest": null, - "rankin": null, - "rankine": null, "ranking": null, "rankings": null, "rankle": "1. To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally and figuratively. A malady that burns and rankles inward. Rowe. This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people. Burke. 2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a splinter rankles in the flesh; the words rankled in his bosom.\n\nTo cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.] Beau. & Fl.", @@ -62197,7 +54595,6 @@ "ranting": null, "rantings": null, "rants": "To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a ranting preacher. Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes! Shak.\n\nHigh-sounding language, without importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant of fanatics. This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man or reason of things. Atterbury.", - "raoul": null, "rap": "A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn. Knight.\n\nTo strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on the door.\n\n1. To strike with a quick blow; to knock on. With one great peal they rap the door. Prior. 2. (Founding) To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.\n\nA quick, smart blow; a knock.\n\n1. To snatch away; to seize and hurry off. And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt The whirring chariot. Chapman. From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove. Sir H. Wotton. 2. To hasten. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as, rapt into admiration. I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears. Addison. Rapt into future times, the bard begun. Pope. 4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Law] To rap and ren, To rap and rend. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to hurry and ræna plunder, fr. ran plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence. Dryden. \"[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and renne.\" Chaucer. All they could rap and rend pilfer. Hudibras. -- To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath. A judge who rapped out a great oath. Addison.\n\nA popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value. Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps. Swift. Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a rap, save with her consent. Mrs. Alexander. Not to care a rap, to care nothing. -- Not worth a rap, worth nothing.", "rapacious": "1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by force. \" The downfall of the rapacious and licentious Knights Templar.\" Motley. 2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by violence,; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird. 3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous; voracious; as, rapacious usurers; a rapacious appetite. [Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious claim Milton . Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious. -- Ra*pa\"cious*ly, adv. -- Ra*pa\"cious*ness, n.", "rapaciously": null, @@ -62209,7 +54606,6 @@ "rapers": null, "rapes": "1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster. Ray. 2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must has been expressed in wine making. 3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc. Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed grapes.\n\n1. The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery. And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain. Sandys. 2. (Law) Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See Age of consent, under Consent, n. statutory rape. 3. That which is snatched away. [Obs.] Where now are all my hopes O, never more. Shall they revive! nor death her rapes restore. Sandys. 4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.] rape of the land by mining companies.\n\nTo commit rape upon; to ravish. raped first by their assailant, and then by the Justice system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. To rape and ren. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch.\n\nTo rob; to pillage. [Obs.] Heywood.\n\nOne of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire.\n\nA name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage birds. Note: These plants, with the edible turnip, have been variously named, but are all now believed to be derived from the Brassica campestris of Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from the wild stock (B. oleracea) of the cabbage. See Cole. Broom rape. (Bot.) See Broom rape, in the Vocabulary. -- Rape cake, the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the seed. -- Rape root. Same as Rape. -- Summer rape. (Bot.) See Colza.", "rapeseed": null, - "raphael": null, "rapid": "1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion. Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels. Milton. 2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid recurrence; rapid succession. 3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman.\n\nThe part of a river where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; -- usually in the plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence. Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast, The rapids are near, and the daylight's past. Moore.", "rapider": null, "rapidest": null, @@ -62223,7 +54619,6 @@ "raping": null, "rapist": null, "rapists": null, - "rappaport": null, "rapped": "imp. & p. p. of Rap, to strike.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.", "rappel": "The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.", "rappelled": null, @@ -62250,8 +54645,6 @@ "raptures": "1. A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence. [Obs.] That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash With headlong rapture. Chapman. 2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy. Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into rapture. Addison. You grow correct that once with rapture writ. Pope. 3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.\n\nTo transport with excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic] Thomson.", "rapturous": "Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or delight; rapturous applause.", "rapturously": "In a rapturous manner.", - "rapunzel": null, - "raquel": null, "rare": "Early. [Obs.] Rude mechanicals that rare and late Work in the market place. Chapman.\n\nNearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked; underdone; as, rare beef or mutton. New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted rare. Dryden. Note: This word is in common use in the United States, but in England its synonym underdone is preferred.\n\n1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a rare event. 2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found. Rare work, all filled with terror and delight. Cowley. Above the rest I judge one beauty rare. Dryden. 3. Thinly scattered; dispersed. Those rare and solitary, three in flocks. Milton. 4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere at high elevations. Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times rarer, than gold. Sir I. Newton. Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary; incomparable. -- Rare, Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as scarce, which, though usually abundant, is for the time being to be had only in diminished quantities; as, a bad harvest makes corn scarce. A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in the world. Burke. When any particular piece of money grew very scarce, it was often recoined by a succeeding emperor. Addison.", "rarebit": "A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under Rabbit.", "rarebits": "A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under Rabbit.", @@ -62269,8 +54662,6 @@ "raring": null, "rarities": null, "rarity": "1. The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases. 2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its scarcity. I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the place. Addison.", - "rasalgethi": null, - "rasalhague": null, "rascal": "1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill- conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.] He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the rascal. Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19). Poor men alone No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as the rascal. Shak. 2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster. For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's a rascal who pretends to more. Dryden.\n\nOf or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; mean; base. \"The rascal many.\" Spencer. \"The rascal people.\" Shak. While she called me rascal fiddler. Shak.", "rascally": "Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty. Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep. Swift.", "rascals": "1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill- conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.] He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the rascal. Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19). Poor men alone No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as the rascal. Shak. 2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster. For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's a rascal who pretends to more. Dryden.\n\nOf or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; mean; base. \"The rascal many.\" Spencer. \"The rascal people.\" Shak. While she called me rascal fiddler. Shak.", @@ -62281,7 +54672,6 @@ "rashest": null, "rashly": "In a rush manner; with precipitation. He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly; for he was free to deliberate or not. L'Estrange.", "rashness": "The quality of state of being rash. We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves. South. Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation; hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness. See Temerity.", - "rasmussen": null, "rasp": "1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder. 2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my temper.\n\n1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file. 2. The raspberry. [Obs.] \"Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will be smaller.\" Bacon. Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong aërial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common name.", "raspberries": null, "raspberry": "(a) The thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Idæus and other similar brambles; as, the black, the red and the white raspberry. (b) The shrub bearing this fruit. Note: Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly attached to the receptacle.", @@ -62290,13 +54680,7 @@ "raspiest": null, "rasping": null, "rasps": "1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder. 2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my temper.\n\n1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file. 2. The raspberry. [Obs.] \"Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will be smaller.\" Bacon. Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong aërial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common name.", - "rasputin": null, "raspy": "Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating. R. D. Blackmore.", - "rasta": null, - "rastaban": null, - "rastafarian": null, - "rastafarianism": null, - "rastafarians": null, "raster": null, "rat": "1. (Zoöl.) One of the several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into Anerica from the Old World. 2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair. [Local, U.S.] 3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union. [Cant] Note: \"It so chanced that, not long after the accession of the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or Norway, rats, were first brought over to this country (in some timber as is said); and being much stronger than the black, or, till then, the common, rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter. The word (both the noun and the verb to rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the government of George the First, but has by degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden and mercenary change in politics.\" Lord Mahon. Bamboo rat (Zoöl.), any Indian rodent of the genus Rhizomys. -- Beaver rat, Coast rat. (Zoöl.) See under Beaver and Coast. -- Blind rat (Zoöl.), the mole rat. -- Cotton rat (Zoöl.), a long-haired rat (Sigmodon hispidus), native of the Southern United States and Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the crop. -- Ground rat. See Ground Pig, under Ground. -- Hedgehog rat. See under Hedgehog. -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo. -- Norway rat (Zoöl.), the common brown rat. See Rat. -- Pouched rat. (Zoöl.) (a) See Pocket Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any African rodent of the genus Cricetomys. Rat Indians (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan stock. -- Rat mole. (Zoöl.) See Mole rat, under Mole. -- Rat pit, an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a dog for sport. -- Rat snake (Zoöl.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas mucosus) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc. -- Spiny rat (Zoöl.), any South America rodent of the genus Echinomys. -- To smell a rat. See under Smell. -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any American rat of the genus Neotoma, especially N. Floridana, common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are white.\n\n1. In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union. Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having ratted, solely by his inability to follow the friends of his early days. De Quincey. 2. To catch or kill rats.", "ratatouille": null, @@ -62352,7 +54736,6 @@ "rationing": null, "rations": "1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence. Note: Officers have several rations, the number varying according to their rank or the number of their attendants. 2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance; an allotment.\n\nTo supply with rations, as a regiment.", "ratios": "1. (Math.) The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by a to b by a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the dividend; as, a:b = b/a. Note: Some writers consider ratio as the quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number. The term ratio is also sometimes applied to the difference of two quantities as well as to their quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name ratio is sometimes given to the rule of three in arithmetic. See under Rule. 2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress. Compound ratio, Duplicate ratio, Inverse ratio, etc. See under Compound, Duplicate, etc. -- Ratio of a geometrical progression, the constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding one.", - "ratliff": null, "ratlike": null, "ratline": null, "ratlines": "The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the steps of a rope ladder. [Written also ratlings, and rattlings.] Totten.", @@ -62386,7 +54769,6 @@ "raucous": "Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a raucous, thick tone. \"His voice slightly raucous.\" Aytoun. -- Rau\"cous*ly, adv.", "raucously": null, "raucousness": null, - "raul": null, "raunchier": null, "raunchiest": null, "raunchily": null, @@ -62429,18 +54811,12 @@ "ravishingly": "In a ravishing manner.", "ravishment": "1. The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone. 2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy. Spencer. In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. Milton. 3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.", "raw": "1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat. 2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw recruit. Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude. De Quincey. 3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] Bacon. (b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton. (c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow. (e) Not tanned; as, raw hides. (f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth. 4. Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a) Bald. [Obs.] \"With scull all raw.\" Spencer (b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore. (c) Sore, as if by being galled. And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment. Spenser. 5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a raw wind. \"A raw and gusty day.\" Shak. Raw material, material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. -- Raw pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.\n\nA raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the raw. Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw. De Quincey.", - "rawalpindi": null, "rawboned": "Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak.", "rawer": null, "rawest": null, "rawhide": "A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.", "rawness": "The quality or state of being raw.", "ray": "1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More. 2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] \"The fifth that did it ray.\" Spenser.\n\nArray; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.] And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. Spenser.\n\n1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays. 2. (Bot.) A radiating part of the flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran. 4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light. 5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen. All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze. Pope. 6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray. Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. -- Ordinary ray (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. -- Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. -- Ray flower, or Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. -- Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. -- Röntgen ray ( (Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, or sciagraphs. So called from the discoverer, W. C. Röntgen. -- X ray, the Röntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.\n\n1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Etym: [From Ray, n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thompson.\n\nTo shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.\n\n(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate. Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon nàrinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. -- Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. -- Devil ray. See Sea Devil. -- Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ. The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. -- Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata). -- Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.", - "rayban": null, - "rayburn": null, - "rayleigh": null, - "raymond": null, - "raymundo": null, "rayon": "Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser.", "rays": "1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More. 2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] \"The fifth that did it ray.\" Spenser.\n\nArray; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.] And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. Spenser.\n\n1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays. 2. (Bot.) A radiating part of the flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran. 4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light. 5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen. All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze. Pope. 6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray. Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. -- Ordinary ray (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. -- Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. -- Ray flower, or Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. -- Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. -- Röntgen ray ( (Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, or sciagraphs. So called from the discoverer, W. C. Röntgen. -- X ray, the Röntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.\n\n1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Etym: [From Ray, n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thompson.\n\nTo shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.\n\n(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate. Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon nàrinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. -- Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. -- Devil ray. See Sea Devil. -- Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ. The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. -- Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata). -- Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.", "raze": "A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root.\n\n1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate. Razing the characters of your renown. Shak. 2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to destroy; to demolish. The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. Dryden. Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See Demolish.", @@ -62456,15 +54832,8 @@ "razzes": null, "razzing": null, "razzmatazz": null, - "rb": null, - "rbi": null, - "rc": null, - "rca": null, - "rcmp": null, "rcpt": null, "rd": null, - "rda": null, - "rds": null, "re": "A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.", "reabsorb": "To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids.", "reabsorbed": null, @@ -62550,8 +54919,6 @@ "reaffirming": null, "reaffirms": "To affirm again.", "reafforestation": "The act or process of converting again into a forest.", - "reagan": null, - "reaganomics": null, "reagent": "A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test.", "reagents": "A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test.", "real": "A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system. Note: A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12real vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2\n\nRoyal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] \"The blood real of Thebes.\" Chaucer.\n\n1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life. Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream Had lively shadowed. Milton. 2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real ginger. Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity. Milton. 5. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.] Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the real part of business. Bacon. 4. (Alg.) Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary. 5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or movable property. Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. -- Real action (Law), an action for the recovery of real property. -- Real assets (Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor. -- Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof. Blackstone. -- Real estate or property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land. Kent. Burrill. -- Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. -- Real servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier. Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. -- Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, \"It actually exists,\" \"It has actually been done.\" Thus its really is shown by its actually. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment. For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger of an actual fault. Dryden. Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things. Locke.\n\nA realist. [Obs.] Burton.", @@ -62588,7 +54955,6 @@ "realness": "The quality or condition of being real; reality.", "realpolitik": null, "reals": "A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system. Note: A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12real vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2\n\nRoyal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] \"The blood real of Thebes.\" Chaucer.\n\n1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life. Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream Had lively shadowed. Milton. 2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real ginger. Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity. Milton. 5. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.] Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the real part of business. Bacon. 4. (Alg.) Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary. 5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or movable property. Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. -- Real action (Law), an action for the recovery of real property. -- Real assets (Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor. -- Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof. Blackstone. -- Real estate or property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land. Kent. Burrill. -- Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. -- Real servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier. Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. -- Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, \"It actually exists,\" \"It has actually been done.\" Thus its really is shown by its actually. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment. For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger of an actual fault. Dryden. Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things. Locke.\n\nA realist. [Obs.] Burton.", - "realtor": null, "realty": "1. Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] Milton.\n\n1. Realty. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; -- so written in legal language for reality. (b) Real estate; a piece of real property. Blackstone.", "ream": "Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale. [Scot.]\n\nTo cream; to mantle. [Scot.] A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, reamed with excellent claret. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments.\n\nA bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets. Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the ream. Knight.\n\nTo bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.", "reamed": null, @@ -62728,12 +55094,10 @@ "reawakened": null, "reawakening": null, "reawakens": null, - "reba": null, "rebate": "1. To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise. But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. Shak. 2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs duties. Blount. Rebated cross, a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.\n\nTo abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe.\n\n1. Diminution. 2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate payment; a rebate of importation duties. Bouvier.\n\n1. (Arch.) A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet. 2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar. Elmes. 3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood. Elmes. 4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.] Elmes.\n\nTo cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v.", "rebated": null, "rebates": "1. To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise. But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. Shak. 2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs duties. Blount. Rebated cross, a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.\n\nTo abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe.\n\n1. Diminution. 2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate payment; a rebate of importation duties. Bouvier.\n\n1. (Arch.) A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet. 2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar. Elmes. 3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood. Elmes. 4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.] Elmes.\n\nTo cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v.", "rebating": null, - "rebekah": null, "rebel": "Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. Whoso be rebel to my judgment. Chaucer. Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. Milton.\n\nOne who rebels. Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent. -- Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an early, and rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them.\n\n1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion. The murmur and the churl's rebelling. Chaucer. Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the Lord. Josh. xxii. 16. 2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt. Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart How could you heart rebel against your reason Dryden.", "rebelled": null, "rebelling": null, @@ -62904,7 +55268,6 @@ "recidivism": "The state or quality of being recidivous; relapse, specif. (Criminology), a falling back or relapse into prior criminal habits, esp. after conviction and punishment. The old English system of recognizances, in which the guilty party deposits a sum of money, is an excellent guarantee to society against recidivism. Havelock Ellis.", "recidivist": "One who is recidivous or is characterized by recidivism; an incorrigible criminal. -- Re*cid`i*vis\"tic (#), a. The criminal by passion never becomes a recidivist, it is the social, not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime is a solitary event in his life. Havelock Ellis.", "recidivists": "One who is recidivous or is characterized by recidivism; an incorrigible criminal. -- Re*cid`i*vis\"tic (#), a. The criminal by passion never becomes a recidivist, it is the social, not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime is a solitary event in his life. Havelock Ellis.", - "recife": null, "recipe": "A formulary or prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.", "recipes": "A formulary or prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.", "recipient": "A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.\n\nReceiving; receptive.", @@ -63259,7 +55622,6 @@ "reddens": "To make red or somewhat red; to give a red color to.\n\nTo grow or become red; to blush. Appius reddens at each word you speak. Pope. He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek reddened than his obstinacy was at once subbued. Sir W. SCott.", "redder": null, "reddest": null, - "redding": null, "reddish": "Somewhat red; moderately red. -- Red\"dish*ness, n.", "redecorate": null, "redecorated": null, @@ -63311,8 +55673,6 @@ "redevelopment": null, "redevelopments": null, "redevelops": "To develop again; specif. (Photog.), to intensify (a developed image), as by bleaching with mercuric chloride and subsequently subjecting anew to a developing agent. -- Re`de*vel\"op*er (#), n. --Re`de*vel\"op*ment (#), n.", - "redford": null, - "redgrave": null, "redhead": "1. A person having red hair. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard. (b) The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker. 3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.", "redheaded": null, "redheads": "1. A person having red hair. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard. (b) The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker. 3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.", @@ -63326,7 +55686,6 @@ "redirecting": null, "redirection": null, "redirects": "Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination.", - "redis": null, "rediscover": "To discover again.", "rediscovered": null, "rediscoveries": null, @@ -63353,7 +55712,6 @@ "redivides": "To divide anew.", "redividing": null, "redlining": null, - "redmond": null, "redneck": null, "rednecks": null, "redness": "The quality or state of being red; red color.", @@ -63389,7 +55747,6 @@ "redressing": null, "redrew": null, "reds": ". imp. & p. p. of Read. Spenser.\n\nTo put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with up; as, to red up a house. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nOf the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part. \"Fresh flowers, white and reede.\" Chaucer. Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any rose. Shak. Note: Red is a general term, including many different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, and the like. Note: Red is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, red-breasted, red-cheeked, red-faced, red-haired, red- headed, red-skinned, red-tailed, red-topped, red-whiskered, red- coasted. Red admiral (Zoöl.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite. See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zoöl.) See Redfish (d). -- Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard (Zoöl.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. -- Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P. apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in India. -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zoöl.), the precious coral (Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English. (b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zoöl.) (a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck (Zoöl.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red empress (Zoöl.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.) See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox (Zoöl.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zoöl.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, or Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaumé, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster. -- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked. -- Red horse. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. -- Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of the wheat midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple (Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite. (Zoöl.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet (Zoöl.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch (Zoöl.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone. (Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zoöl.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver, and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zoöl.), a large fish (Lutlanus aya or Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation. -- Red spider (Zoöl.), a very small web-spinning mite (Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zoöl.), the chickaree. -- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay. -- Red underwing (Zoöl.), any species of noctuid moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.\n\n1. The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these. \"Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue.\" Milton. 2. A red pigment. 3. (European Politics) An abbreviation for Red Republican. See under Red, a. [Cant] 4. pl. (Med.) The menses. Dunglison. English red, a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to Indian red. -- Hypericum red, a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum. -- Indian red. See under Indian, and Almagra.", - "redshift": null, "redskin": "A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin. Cooper.", "redskins": "A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin. Cooper.", "reduce": "1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition. [Obs.] And to his brother's house reduced his wife. Chapman. The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and direct us. Evelyn. 2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat. \"An ancient but reduced family.\" Sir W. Scott. Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to it, to reduce it. Tillotson. Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their fears. Milton. Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman reduced. Hawthorne. 3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a fort. 4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp. It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust. Milton. 5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in astronomy; to reduce language to rules. 6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours. (b) To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc. 7. (Chem.) To bring to the metallic state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their ores; -- opposed to Ant: oxidize. 8. (Med.) To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia. Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also iron by hydrogen. -- To reduce an equation (Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without destroying the equation. -- To reduce an expression (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent expression of simpler form. -- To reduce a square (Mil.), to reform the line or column from the square. Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.", @@ -63419,7 +55776,6 @@ "redyed": null, "redyeing": null, "redyes": null, - "reebok": "The peele. [Written also rehboc and rheeboc.]", "reecho": "To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills reëcho the roar of cannon.\n\nTo give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be resonant. And a loud groan reëchoes from the main. Pope.\n\nThe echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.", "reechoed": null, "reechoes": null, @@ -63506,7 +55862,6 @@ "reequipped": null, "reequipping": null, "reequips": null, - "reese": null, "reestablish": "To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to reëstablish a covenant; to reëstablish health.", "reestablished": null, "reestablishes": null, @@ -63722,7 +56077,6 @@ "refugee": "1. One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety. 2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes.", "refugees": "1. One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety. 2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes.", "refuges": "1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress. Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these Find place or refuge. Milton. We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us. Heb. vi. 18. 2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy. The high hills are a refuger the wild goats. Ps. civ. 18. The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. Ps. ix. 9. 3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance. Their latest refuge Was to send him. Shak. Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by terracing Sir H. Wotton. Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.), certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx. -- House of refuge, a charitable institution for giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or tempted. Syn. -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.\n\nTo shelter; to protect. [Obs.]", - "refugio": null, "refulgence": "The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.", "refulgent": "Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. -- Re*ful\"gent*ly, adv. So conspicuous and refulgent a truth. Boyle.", "refund": "To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad loan.\n\n1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.] Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would refund that color upon the object. Ray. 2. To give back; to repay; to restore. A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to refund what he had wrongfully taken. L'Estrange. 3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse. [Obs.]", @@ -63794,7 +56148,6 @@ "regexp": null, "regexps": null, "reggae": null, - "reggie": null, "regicidal": "Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide. Bp. Warburton.", "regicide": "1. One who kills or who murders a king; specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to death. 2. The killing or the murder of a king.", "regicides": "1. One who kills or who murders a king; specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to death. 2. The killing or the murder of a king.", @@ -63808,9 +56161,6 @@ "regimenting": null, "regiments": "1. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen. [Obs.] Spenser. \"Regiment of health.\" Bacon. But what are kings, when regiment is gone, But perfect shadows in a sunshine day Marlowe. The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of regiment. Hocker. 2. A region or district governed. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. (Mil.) A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten. Note: In the British army all the artillery are included in one regiment, which (reversing the usual practice) is divided into brigades. Regiment of the line (Mil.), a regiment organized for general service; -- in distinction from those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are usually special. [Eng.]\n\nTo form into a regiment or into regiments. Washington.", "regimes": "1. Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social system. I dream . . . of the new régime which is to come. H. Kingsley. 2. (Hydraul.) The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross sections in a given time, uniform régime being the condition when the flow is equal and uniform at all the cross sections. The ancient régime, or Ancien régime Etym: [F.], the former political and social system, as distinguished from the modern; especially, the political and social system existing in France before the Revolution of 1789.", - "regina": null, - "reginae": null, - "reginald": null, "region": "1. One of the grand districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent; country; province; district; tract. If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world, Or unknown region. Milton. 2. Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. \"Though the fork invade the region of my heart.\" Shak. Philip, tetrarch of .. the region of Trachonitis. Luke iii. 1. 3. The upper air; the sky; the heavens. [Obs.] Anon the dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. Shak. 4. The inhabitants of a district. Matt. iii. 5. 5. Place; rank; station. [Obs. or R.] He is of too high a region. Shak.", "regional": "Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.", "regionalism": null, @@ -63830,7 +56180,6 @@ "registries": null, "registry": "1. The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment; registration. 2. The place where a register is kept. 3. A record; an account; a register. Sir W. Temple.", "regnant": "1. Exercising regal authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant. 2. Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent. \"A traitor to the vices regnant.\" Swift.", - "regor": null, "regrade": "To retire; to go back. [Obs.] W. Hales.", "regraded": null, "regrades": "To retire; to go back. [Obs.] W. Hales.", @@ -63884,7 +56233,6 @@ "regulator": "1. One who, or that which, regulates. 2. (Mach.) A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive. 3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See Astronomical clock (a), under Clock. 4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes. [U.S.] A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the Regulators. Bancroft.", "regulators": "1. One who, or that which, regulates. 2. (Mach.) A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive. 3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See Astronomical clock (a), under Clock. 4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes. [U.S.] A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the Regulators. Bancroft.", "regulatory": null, - "regulus": "1. A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence. 2. (Chem. & Metal.) The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores. Note: The name was introduced by the alchemists, and applied by them in the first instance to antimony. Ilittle king; and from the facility with which antimony alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had great hopes that this metal, antimony, would lead them to the discovery of the philosopher's stone. Ure. 3. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the Lion's Heart.", "regurgitate": "To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity.\n\nTo be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back. The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the esophagus and mouth. Quain.", "regurgitated": null, "regurgitates": "To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity.\n\nTo be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back. The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the esophagus and mouth. Quain.", @@ -63928,14 +56276,11 @@ "rehired": null, "rehires": "To hire again.", "rehiring": null, - "rehnquist": null, "rehouse": null, "rehoused": null, "rehouses": null, "rehousing": null, "rehung": null, - "reich": null, - "reid": null, "reification": null, "reified": null, "reifies": null, @@ -63949,7 +56294,6 @@ "reignites": null, "reigniting": null, "reigns": "1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion. He who like a father held his reign. Pope. Saturn's sons received the threefold reign Of heaven, of ocean,, and deep hell beneath. Prior. 2. The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire; realm; dominion. [Obs.] Spenser. [God] him bereft the regne that he had. Chaucer. 3. The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the supreme authority; as, it happened in the reign of Elizabeth.\n\n1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule. Chaucer. We will not have this man to reign over us. Luke xix. 14. Shall Banquo's issue ever Reign in this kingdom Shak. 2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. \"Pestilent diseases which commonly reign in summer.\" Bacon. 3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule. Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body. Rom. vi. 12. Syn. -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.", - "reilly": null, "reimbursable": "Capable of being repaid; repayable. A loan has been made of two millions of dollars, reimbursable in ten years. A. Hamilton.", "reimburse": "1. To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a war. 2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; as, to reimburse one's self by successful speculation. Paley.", "reimbursed": null, @@ -63962,7 +56306,6 @@ "reimposes": "To impose anew.", "reimposing": null, "rein": "1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse. This knight laid hold upon his reyne. Chaucer. 2. Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing; government; restraint. \"Let their eyes rove without rein.\" Milton. To give rein, To give the rein to, to give license to; to leave withouut restrain. -- To take the reins, to take the guidance or government; to assume control.\n\n1. To govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse one way or another. He mounts and reins his horse. Chapman. 2. To restrain; to control; to check. Being once chafed, he can not Be reined again to temperance. Shak. To rein in or rein up, to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by drawing the reins.\n\nTo be guided by reins. [R.] Shak.", - "reinaldo": null, "reincarnate": null, "reincarnated": null, "reincarnates": null, @@ -63992,8 +56335,6 @@ "reinforcements": "See Reënforcement.", "reinforces": "See Reënforce, v. t.\n\nSee Reënforce, n.", "reinforcing": null, - "reinhardt": null, - "reinhold": null, "reining": null, "reinitialize": null, "reinitialized": null, @@ -64055,7 +56396,6 @@ "reissued": null, "reissues": "To issue a second time.\n\nA second or repeated issue.", "reissuing": null, - "reit": "Sedge; seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]", "reiterate": "To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to repeat. That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on himself damnation. Milton. You never spoke what did become you less Than this; which to reiterate were sin. Shak. Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.\n\nReiterated; repeated. [R.]", "reiterated": null, "reiterates": "To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to repeat. That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on himself damnation. Milton. You never spoke what did become you less Than this; which to reiterate were sin. Shak. Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.\n\nReiterated; repeated. [R.]", @@ -64269,7 +56609,6 @@ "remarked": null, "remarking": null, "remarks": "1. To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or conspicuous; to piont out. [Obs.] Thou art a man remarked to taste a mischief. Ford. His manacles remark him; there he sits. Milton. 2. To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; as, to remark the manner of a speaker. 3. To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause; as, he remarked that it was time to go. Syn. -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say. -- Remark, Observe, Notice. To observe is to keep or hold a thing distinctly before the mind. To remark is simply to mark or take note of whatever may come up. To notice implies still less continuity of attention. When we turn from these mental states to the expression of them in language, we find the same distinction. An observation is properly the result of somewhat prolonged thought; a remark is usually suggested by some passing occurence; a notice is in most cases something cursory and short. This distinction is not always maintained as to remark and observe, which are often used interchangeably. \"Observing men may form many judgments by the rules of similitude and proportion.\" I. Watts. \"He can not distinguish difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar remarks.\" Collier. \"The thing to be regarded, in taking notice of a child's miscarriage, is what root it springs from.\" Locke.\n\nTo make a remark or remarks; to comment.\n\n1. Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or observation. The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude Conjecture and remark, however shrewd. Cowper. 2. The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; as, a pertinent remark. Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.\n\n(a) A small design etched on the margin of a plate and supposed to be removed after the earliest proofs have been taken; also, any feature distinguishing a particular stage of the plate. (b) A print or proof so distinguished; -- commonly called a Remarque proof.", - "remarque": "(a) A small design etched on the margin of a plate and supposed to be removed after the earliest proofs have been taken; also, any feature distinguishing a particular stage of the plate. (b) A print or proof so distinguished; -- commonly called a Remarque proof.", "remarriage": "A second or repeated marriage.", "remarriages": "A second or repeated marriage.", "remarried": null, @@ -64282,7 +56621,6 @@ "remasters": null, "rematch": null, "rematches": null, - "rembrandt": null, "remeasure": "To measure again; to retrace. They followed him . . . The way they came, their steps remeasured right. Fairfax.", "remeasured": null, "remeasures": "To measure again; to retrace. They followed him . . . The way they came, their steps remeasured right. Fairfax.", @@ -64319,7 +56657,6 @@ "reminders": "One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken remembrance.", "reminding": null, "reminds": "To put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person). When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to arrest, seize, and remind us of our mortality. South.", - "remington": null, "reminisce": null, "reminisced": null, "reminiscence": "1. The act or power of recalling past experience; the state of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory. The other part of memory, called reminiscence, which is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but confusedly remembered. South. I forgive your want of reminiscence, since it is long since I saw you. Sir W. Scott. 2. That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection; as, pleasing or painful reminiscences. Syn. -- Remembrance; recollection. See Memory.", @@ -64398,8 +56735,6 @@ "remuneration": "1. The act of remunerating. 2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for services, loss, or sufferings. Shak. Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment; repayment; satisfaction; requital.", "remunerations": "1. The act of remunerating. 2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for services, loss, or sufferings. Shak. Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment; repayment; satisfaction; requital.", "remunerative": "Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for services; a remunerative business. -Re*mu\"ner*a*tive*ly, adv. -- Re*mu\"ner*a*tive*ness, n.", - "remus": null, - "rena": null, "renaissance": "A new birth, or revival. Specifically: (a) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries. (b) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch. The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism, developing what was original in mediæval ideas by the light of classic arts and letters. J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).", "renaissances": "A new birth, or revival. Specifically: (a) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries. (b) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch. The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism, developing what was original in mediæval ideas by the light of classic arts and letters. J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).", "renal": "Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the kidneys. Renal calculus (Med.), a concretion formed in the excretory passages of the kidney. -- Renal capsules or glands, the suprarenal capsules. See under Capsule. -- Renal casts, Renal colic. (Med.) See under Cast, and Colic.", @@ -64410,7 +56745,6 @@ "renascence": "1. The state of being renascent. Read the Phrenascence is varied. Coleridge. 2. Same as Renaissance. The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature, and in physics, produced such splendid fruits. M. Arnold.", "renascences": "1. The state of being renascent. Read the Phrenascence is varied. Coleridge. 2. Same as Renaissance. The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature, and in physics, produced such splendid fruits. M. Arnold.", "renascent": "1. Springing or rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced. 2. See Renaissant.", - "renault": null, "rend": "1. To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; lightning rends an oak. The dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. Shak. 2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force. An empire from its old foundations rent. Dryden. I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. 1 Kings xi. 11. To rap and rend. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture; crack; split.\n\nTo be rent or torn; to become parted; to sepparate; to split. Jer. Taylor.", "render": "One who rends.\n\n1. To return; to pay back; to restore. Whose smallest minute lost, no riches render may. Spenser. 2. To inflict, as a retribution; to requite. I will render vengeance to mine enemies. Deut. xxxii. 41. 3. To give up; to yield; to surrender. I 'll make her render up her page to me. Shak. 4. Hence, to furnish; to contribute. Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and virtue. I. Watts. 5. To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to render an account; to render judgment. 6. To cause to be, or to become; as, to render a person more safe or more unsafe; to render a fortress secure. 7. To translate from one language into another; as, to render Latin into English. 8. To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; as, an actor renders his part poorly; a singer renders a passage of music with great effect; a painter renders a scene in a felicitous manner. He did render him the most unnatural That lived amongst men. Shak. 9. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal substances; as, to render tallow. 10. To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of lath.\n\n1. To give an account; to make explanation or confession. [Obs.] 2. (Naut.) To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; as, a rope renders well, that is, passes freely; also, to yield or give way. Totten.\n\n1. A surrender. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A return; a payment of rent. In those early times the king's household was supported by specific renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demains. Blackstone. 3. An account given; a statement. [Obs.] Shak.", "rendered": null, @@ -64425,8 +56759,6 @@ "rendition": "1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also, surrender in war. The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after articles of rendition. Evelyn. 2. Translation; rendering; version. This rendition of the word seems also most naturally to agree with the genuine meaning of some other words in the same verse. South.", "renditions": "1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also, surrender in war. The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after articles of rendition. Evelyn. 2. Translation; rendering; version. This rendition of the word seems also most naturally to agree with the genuine meaning of some other words in the same verse. South.", "rends": "1. To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; lightning rends an oak. The dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. Shak. 2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force. An empire from its old foundations rent. Dryden. I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. 1 Kings xi. 11. To rap and rend. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture; crack; split.\n\nTo be rent or torn; to become parted; to sepparate; to split. Jer. Taylor.", - "rene": null, - "renee": null, "renegade": "One faithless to principle or party. Specifically: (a) An apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious faith. James justly regarded these renegades as the most serviceable tools that he could employ. Macaulay. (b) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter. Arbuthnot. (c) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow.", "renegaded": null, "renegades": "One faithless to principle or party. Specifically: (a) An apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious faith. James justly regarded these renegades as the most serviceable tools that he could employ. Macaulay. (b) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter. Arbuthnot. (c) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow.", @@ -64452,8 +56784,6 @@ "renews": "1. To make new again; to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life to; to rejuvenate; to re In such a night Medea gathered the enchanted herbs That did renew old Shak. 2. Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in force; to make again; as, to renew a lease, note, or patent. 3. To begin again; to recommence. The last great age . . . renews its finished course. Dryden. 4. To repeat; to go over again. The birds-their notes renew. Milton. 5. (Theol.) To make new spiritually; to regenerate. Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2.\n\nTo become new, or as new; to grow or begin again.", "rennet": "A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. Reinette. Mortimer.\n\nThe inner, or mucous, membrance of the fourth stomach of the calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation of it, used for coagulating milk. [Written also runnet.] Cheese rennet. (Bot.) See under Cheese. -- Rennet ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, present in rennet and in variable quantity in the gastric juice of most animals, which has the power of curdling milk. The ferment presumably acts by changing the casein of milk from a soluble to an insoluble form. -- Rennet stomach (Anat.), the fourth stomach, or abomasum, of ruminants.", "rennin": null, - "reno": null, - "renoir": null, "renominate": null, "renominated": null, "renominates": null, @@ -65454,7 +57784,6 @@ "retyped": null, "retypes": null, "retyping": null, - "reuben": null, "reunification": null, "reunified": null, "reunifies": null, @@ -65475,10 +57804,7 @@ "reused": null, "reuses": null, "reusing": null, - "reuters": null, - "reuther": null, "rev": null, - "reva": null, "revaluation": "A second or new valuation.", "revaluations": "A second or new valuation.", "revalue": null, @@ -65608,7 +57934,6 @@ "revivify": "To cause to revive. Some association may revivify it enough to make it flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness. Sir W. Hamilton.", "revivifying": null, "reviving": "Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating. Milton. -- Re*viv\"ing*ly, adv.", - "revlon": null, "revocable": "Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a revocable covenant. -- Rev\"o*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Rev\"o*ca*bly, adv.", "revocation": "1. The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall. One that saw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin, gave him notice of their affection. Hooker. 2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a license.", "revocations": "1. The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall. One that saw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin, gave him notice of their affection. Hooker. 2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a license.", @@ -65692,21 +58017,10 @@ "rewriting": null, "rewritten": null, "rewrote": null, - "rex": "A king. To play rex, to play the king; to domineer. [Obs.]", - "reyes": null, - "reykjavik": null, - "reyna": null, - "reynaldo": null, - "reynolds": null, "rezone": null, "rezoned": null, "rezones": null, "rezoning": null, - "rf": null, - "rfc": null, - "rfcs": null, - "rfd": null, - "rh": null, "rhapsodic": "Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. -- Rhap*sod\"ic*al*ly, adv.\n\nOf or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. -- Rhap*sod\"ic*al*ly, adv.", "rhapsodical": null, "rhapsodies": null, @@ -65717,9 +58031,6 @@ "rhapsody": "1. A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a book. 2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling composition. \"A rhapsody of words.\" Shak. \"A rhapsody of tales.\" Locke. 3. (Mus.) A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as, Liszt's \"Hungarian Rhapsodies.\"", "rhea": "The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.\n\nAny one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich. Note: The common rhea, or nandou (Rhea Americana), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee.", "rheas": "The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.\n\nAny one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich. Note: The common rhea, or nandou (Rhea Americana), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee.", - "rhee": null, - "rheingau": null, - "rhenish": "Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. -- n. Rhine wine.", "rhenium": null, "rheostat": "A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will. Wheatstone. --Rhe`o*stat\"ic, a.", "rheostats": "A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will. Wheatstone. --Rhe`o*stat\"ic, a.", @@ -65737,9 +58048,6 @@ "rheumatism": "A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, as the heart. Inflammatory rheumatism (Med.), acute rheumatism attended with fever, and attacking usually the larger joints, which become swollen, hot, and very painful. -- Rheumatism root. (Bot.) See Twinleaf.", "rheumatoid": null, "rheumy": "Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum; affected with rheum. His head and rheumy eyes distill in showers. Dryden. And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air To add unto his sickness. Shak.", - "rhiannon": null, - "rhine": "A water course; a ditch. [Written also rean.] [Prov. Eng.] Macaulay.", - "rhineland": null, "rhinestone": "A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive ornament.", "rhinestones": "A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive ornament.", "rhinitis": "Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils.", @@ -65753,11 +58061,6 @@ "rhizome": "A rootstock. See Rootstock.", "rhizomes": "A rootstock. See Rootstock.", "rho": null, - "rhoda": null, - "rhode": null, - "rhodes": null, - "rhodesia": null, - "rhodesian": null, "rhodium": "A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1. Specific gravity 12.", "rhododendron": "A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay.", "rhododendrons": "A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay.", @@ -65766,8 +58069,6 @@ "rhomboids": "An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the opposite sides equal, the length and with being different.\n\nSame as Rhomboidal.", "rhombus": "Same as Rhomb, 1.", "rhombuses": null, - "rhonda": null, - "rhone": null, "rhos": null, "rhubarb": "1. (Bot.) The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceæ. 2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also pieplant. 3. (Med.) The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a cathartic medicine. Monk's rhubarb. (Bot.) See under Monk. -- Turkey rhubarb (Med.), the roots of Rheum Emodi.", "rhubarbs": "1. (Bot.) The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceæ. 2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also pieplant. 3. (Med.) The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a cathartic medicine. Monk's rhubarb. (Bot.) See under Monk. -- Turkey rhubarb (Med.), the roots of Rheum Emodi.", @@ -65784,14 +58085,12 @@ "rhythmical": "Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm DAy and night I worked my rhythmic thought. Mrs. Browning. Rhythmical accent. (Mus.) See Accent, n., 6 (c).", "rhythmically": "In a rhythmical manner.", "rhythms": "1. In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like. 2. (Mus.) Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of movement and accent. Moore (Encyc. ) 3. A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of arses and theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables. 4. The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.", - "ri": null, "rial": "A Spanish coin. See Real. [Obs.]\n\nRoyal. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. [Spelt also ryal.] Brande & C.", "rials": "A Spanish coin. See Real. [Obs.]\n\nRoyal. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. [Spelt also ryal.] Brande & C.", "rib": "1. (Anat.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax. Note: In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called asternal, or false, ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See Thorax. 2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically: (a) (Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach. & Structures) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it. (c) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended. (d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. (e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double- barreled gun. 3. (Bot.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. (b) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant. 4. (Arch.) (a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like. (b) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like. 5. (Mining) (a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. (b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Raymond. 6. A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib. [Familiar & Sportive] How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own rib. Bp. Hall. Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See Chuck. -- Fore ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin. -- Middle rib, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore ribs. -- Rib grass. (Bot.) Same as Ribwort.\n\n1. To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth. 2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in. It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave. Shak. To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the furrows in plowing.", "ribald": "A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow. Spenser. Pope. Ribald was almost a class name in the feudal system . . . He was his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is not to be wondered at that the word rapidly became a synonym for everything ruffianly and brutal. Earle.\n\nLow; base; mean; filthy; obscene. The busy day, Waked by the lark, hath roused the ribald crows. Shak.", "ribaldry": "The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct. The ribaldry of his conversation moved Macaulay.", "ribbed": "1. Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder; ribbed cloth. 2. (Mining) Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of coal. Raymond.", - "ribbentrop": null, "ribber": null, "ribbers": null, "ribbing": "An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.", @@ -65799,44 +58098,29 @@ "ribbons": "1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes. 2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn to ribbons. 3. (Shipbuilding) Same as Rib-band. 4. pl. Driving reins. [Cant] London Athenæum. 5. (Her.) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide. 6. (Spinning) A silver. Note: The blue ribbon, and The red ribbon, are phrases often used to designate the British orders of the Garter and of the Bath, respectively, the badges of which are suspended by ribbons of these colors. See Blue ribbon, under Blue. Ribbon fish. (Zoöl.) (a) Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the family Trachypteridæ, especially the species of the genus Trachypterus, and the oarfish (Regelecus Banksii) of the North Atlantic, which is sometimes over twenty feet long. (b) The hairtail, or bladefish. (c) A small compressed marine fish of the genus Cepola, having a long, slender, tapering tail. The European species (C. rubescens) is light red throughout. Called also band fish. -- Ribbon grass (Bot.), a variety of reed canary grass having the leaves stripped with green and white; -- called also Lady's garters. See Reed grass, under Reed. -- Ribbon seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Histriophoca fasciata). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously banded and striped with yellowish white. -- Ribbon snake (Zoöl.), a common North American snake (Eutainia saurita). It is conspicuously striped with bright yellow and dark brown. -- Ribbon Society, a society in Ireland, founded in the early part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers banded together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from the green ribbon worn by members as a badge. -- Ribborn worm. (Zoöl.) (a) A tapeworm. (b) A nemertean.\n\nTo adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons.", "riboflavin": null, "ribs": "1. (Anat.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax. Note: In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called asternal, or false, ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See Thorax. 2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically: (a) (Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach. & Structures) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it. (c) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended. (d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. (e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double- barreled gun. 3. (Bot.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. (b) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant. 4. (Arch.) (a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like. (b) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like. 5. (Mining) (a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. (b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Raymond. 6. A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib. [Familiar & Sportive] How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own rib. Bp. Hall. Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See Chuck. -- Fore ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin. -- Middle rib, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore ribs. -- Rib grass. (Bot.) Same as Ribwort.\n\n1. To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth. 2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in. It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave. Shak. To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the furrows in plowing.", - "ricardo": null, "rice": "A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ant rice. (Bot.) See under Ant. -- French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn. -- Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass (Zizania aquatica), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc. -- Mountain rice, any species of an American genus (Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice. -- Rice bunting. (Zoöl.) Same as Ricebird. -- Rice hen (Zoöl.), the Florida gallinule. -- Rice mouse (Zoöl.), a large dark-colored field mouse (Calomys palistris) of the Southern United States. -- Rice paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, - - used for painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a large herb (Fatsia papyrifera, related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under pressure. Called also pith paper. -- Rice troupial (Zoöl.), the bobolink. -- Rice water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity of rice in water. -- Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in cholera. -- Rice weevil (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Calandra, or Sitophilus, oryzæ) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also black weevil.", "riced": null, "ricer": null, "ricers": null, "rices": "A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ant rice. (Bot.) See under Ant. -- French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn. -- Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass (Zizania aquatica), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc. -- Mountain rice, any species of an American genus (Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice. -- Rice bunting. (Zoöl.) Same as Ricebird. -- Rice hen (Zoöl.), the Florida gallinule. -- Rice mouse (Zoöl.), a large dark-colored field mouse (Calomys palistris) of the Southern United States. -- Rice paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, - - used for painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a large herb (Fatsia papyrifera, related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under pressure. Called also pith paper. -- Rice troupial (Zoöl.), the bobolink. -- Rice water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity of rice in water. -- Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in cholera. -- Rice weevil (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Calandra, or Sitophilus, oryzæ) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also black weevil.", "rich": "1. Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to Ant: poor. \"Rich merchants.\" Chaucer. The rich [person] hath many friends. Prov. xiv. 20. As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich burgher. Milton. 2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop. If life be short, it shall be glorious; Each minute shall be rich in some great action. Rowe. The gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton. 3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as, rich soil or land; a rich mine. 4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as, a rich dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents. Like to rich and various gems. Milton. 5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; -- especially applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high- flavored; as, a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit. Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India. Baker. 6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color. 7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich music. 8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich scenery. 9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as, the scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Note: Rich is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, rich-fleeced, rich-jeweled, rich-laden, rich-stained. Syn. -- Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant; plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious; generous; luscious.\n\nTo enrich. [Obs.] Gower.", - "richard": null, - "richards": null, - "richardson": null, - "richelieu": null, "richer": null, "riches": "1. That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence. Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion, than our neighbors. Locke. 2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like. The riche of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton. Note: Richesse, the older form of this word, was in the singular number. The form riches, however, is plural in appearance, and has now come to be used as a plural. Against the richesses of this world shall they have misease of poverty. Chaucer. In one hour so great riches is come to nought. Rev. xviii. 17. And for that riches where is my deserving Shak. Syn. -- Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness; plenty; abundance.", "richest": null, - "richie": null, "richly": "In a rich manner.", - "richmond": null, "richness": "The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the adjective).", - "richter": null, - "richthofen": null, "ricing": null, "rick": "A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually protected from wet with thatching. Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the hedgerows. G. Eliot.\n\nTo heap up in ricks, as hay, etc.", "ricked": null, - "rickenbacker": null, "ricketier": null, "ricketiest": null, "rickets": "A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis.", "rickety": "1. Affected with rickets. 2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky.", - "rickey": null, - "rickie": null, "ricking": null, - "rickover": null, "rickrack": "A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid.", "ricks": "A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually protected from wet with thatching. Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the hedgerows. G. Eliot.\n\nTo heap up in ricks, as hay, etc.", "rickshaw": null, "rickshaws": null, - "ricky": null, - "rico": null, "ricochet": "A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along the surface of water. Ricochet firing (Mil.), the firing of guns or howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation of only a few degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to bound or skip along the ground.\n\nTo operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. [R.]\n\nTo skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, n.", "ricocheted": null, "ricocheting": null, @@ -65872,12 +58156,6 @@ "ridiculousness": null, "riding": "One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of reeve. They are called the North, the East, and the West, Riding. Blackstone.\n\n1. Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. \"One riding apparitor.\" Ayliffe. 2. Used for riding on; as, a riding horse. 3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding whip; a riding habit; a riding day. Riding clerk. (a) A clerk who traveled for a commercial house. [Obs. Eng.] (b) One of the \"six clerks\" formerly attached to the English Court of Chancery. -- Riding hood. (a) A hood formerly worn by women when riding. (b) A kind of cloak with a hood. -- Riding master, an instructor in horsemanship. -- Riding rhyme (Pros.), the meter of five accents, with couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the mounted pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. Dr. Guest. -- Riding school, a school or place where the art of riding is taught.\n\n1. The act or state of one who rides. 2. A festival procession. [Obs.] When there any riding was in Cheap. Chaucer. 3. Same as Ride, n., 3. Sir P. Sidney. 4. A district in charge of an excise officer. [Eng.]", "rids": "imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. [Archaic] He rid to the end of the village, where he alighted. Thackeray.\n\n1. To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with out of. [Obs.] Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand of the wicked. Ps. lxxxii. 4. 2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by of. \"Rid all the sea of pirates.\" Shak. In never ridded myself of an overmastering and brooding sense of some great calamity traveling toward me. De Quincey. 3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with; to destroy. [Obs.] I will red evil beasts out of the land. Lev. xxvi. 6. Death's men, you have rid this sweet young prince! Shak. 4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. [R.] \"Willingness rids way.\" Shak. Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if thieves were at our tails. J. Webster. To be rid of, to be free or delivered from. -- To get rid of, to get deliverance from; to free one's self from.", - "riefenstahl": null, - "riel": null, - "riemann": null, - "riesling": null, - "rieslings": null, - "rif": null, "rife": "1. Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal. Arbuthnot. Even now the tumult of loud mirth Was rife, and perfect in may listening ear. Milton. 2. Having power; active; nimble. [Obs.] What! I am rife a little yet. J. Webster. -- Rife\"ly, adv. -- Rife\"ness, n.", "rifer": null, "rifest": null, @@ -65903,14 +58181,11 @@ "rifting": null, "rifts": "p. p. of Rive. Spenser.\n\n1. An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. Spenser. 2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford.\n\nTo cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. Longfellow. To dwell these rifted rocks between. Wordsworth.\n\n1. To burst open; to split. Shak. Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance. Bacon. 2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", "rig": "A ridge. [Prov. or Scott.]\n\n1. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling. 2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by out. Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace. L'Estrange. To rig a purchase, to adapt apparatus so as to get a purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle, capstan, etc. -- To rig a ship (Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc., to their respective masts and yards.\n\n1. (Naut.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. 2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. [Obs.] Fuller. 2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic. 3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas were yet well composed. Burke. To run a rig, to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do something strange and unbecoming. He little dreamt when he set out Of running such a rig. Cowper.\n\nTo play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks. \"Rigging and rifling all ways.\" Chapman.\n\nTo make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or Prov.] Tusser. To rig the market (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or trick. [Cant]", - "riga": null, "rigatoni": null, - "rigel": "A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the constellation Orion. [Written also Regel.]", "rigged": null, "rigger": "1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship. 2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.]", "riggers": "1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship. 2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.]", "rigging": "DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of Ship and Sails. Running rigging (Naut.), all those ropes used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail, etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the like. -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the shrouds and stays.", - "riggs": null, "right": "1. Straight; direct; not crooked; as, a right line. \"Right as any line.\" Chaucer 2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; as, right ascension; a right pyramid or cone. 3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true. That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely right, and is called right simply without relation to a special end. Whately. 2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right man in the right place; the right way from London to Oxford. 5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious. \"His right wife.\" Chaucer. In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly manifested themselves to be right barbarians. Milton. 6. According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as, this is the right faith. You are right, Justice, and you weigh this well. Shak. If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . . . right, \"Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.\" Locke. 7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate. The lady has been disappointed on the right side. Spectator. 8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; -- opposed to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the right side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower animals. Became the sovereign's favorite, his right hand. Longfellow. Note: In designating the banks of a river, right and left are used always with reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction of the current's flow. 9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; correctly done. 10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side of a piece of cloth. At right angles, so as to form a right angle or right angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly. -- Right and left, in both or all directions. [Colloq.] -- Right and left coupling (Pipe fitting), a coupling the opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw and a left-handed screw, respectivelly. -- Right angle. (a) The angle formed by one line meeting another perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, DBC. (b) (Spherics) A spherical angle included between the axes of two great circles whose planes are perpendicular to each other. -- Right ascension. See under Ascension. -- Right Center (Politics), those members belonging to the Center in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on political questions. See Center, n., 5. -- Right cone, Right cylinder, Right prism, Right pyramid (Geom.), a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the axis of which is perpendicular to the base. -- Right line. See under Line. -- Right sailing (Naut.), sailing on one of the four cardinal points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its longitude, but not both. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Right sphere (Astron. & Geol.), a sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon at right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the equator. Note: Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is right, true. \"Right,\" cries his lordship. Pope. Syn. -- Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful; rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable; becoming.\n\n1. In a right manner. 2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went right to the mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide. Unto Dian's temple goeth she right. Chaucer. Let thine eyes look right on. Prov. iv. 25. Right across its track there lay, Down in the water, a long reef of gold. Tennyson. 3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or Colloq.] Came he right now to sing a raven's note Shak. 4. According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; as, to live right; to judge right. 5. According to any rule of art; correctly. You with strict discipline instructed right. Roscommon. 6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; exactly; as, to tell a story right. \"Right at mine own cost.\" Chaucer. Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye. Chaucer. His wounds so smarted that he slept right naught. Fairfax. 7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. \"He was not right fat\". Chaucer. For which I should be right sorry. Tyndale. [I] return those duties back as are right fit. Shak. Note: In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as, right honorable; right reverend. Right honorable, a title given in England to peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors; also, to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of York, and of Dublin. Note: Right is used in composition with other adverbs, as upright, downright, forthright, etc. Right along, without cessation; continuously; as, to work right along for several hours. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Right away, or Right off, at once; straightway; without delay. [Colloq. U.S.] \"We will . . . shut ourselves up in the office and do the work right off.\" D. Webster.\n\n1. That which is right or correct. Specifically: (a) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, -- the opposite of moral wrong. (b) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact. Seldom your opinions err; Your eyes are always in the right. Prior. (c) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity. Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, And well deserved, had fortune done him right. Dryden. 2. That to which one has a just claim. Specifically: (a) That which one has a natural claim to exact. There are no rights whatever, without corresponding duties. Coleridge. (b) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a right to arrest a criminal. (c) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership. Born free, he sought his right. Dryden. Hast thou not right to all created things Milton. Men have no right to what is not reasonable. Burke. (d) Privilege or immunity granted by authority. 3. The right side; the side opposite to the left. Led her to the Souldan's right. Spenser. 4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5. 5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a carpet, etc. At all right, at all points; in all respects. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under Bill. -- By right, By rights, or By good rights, rightly; properly; correctly. He should himself use it by right. Chaucer. I should have been a woman by right. Shak. -- Divine right, or Divine right of kings, a name given to the patriarchal theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience of the people. -- To rights. (a) In a direct line; straight. [R.] Woodward. (b) At once; directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Swift. -- To set to rights, To put to rights, to put in good order; to adjust; to regulate, as what is out of order. -- Writ of right (Law), a writ which lay to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner. Blackstone.\n\n1. To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to correct. 2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the oppressed; to right one's self; also, to vindicate. So just is God, to right the innocent. Shak. All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. Jefferson. To right a vessel (Naut.), to restore her to an upright position after careening. -- To right the helm (Naut.), to place it in line with the keel.\n\n1. To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become upright. 2. (Naut.) Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after careening.", "righted": null, "righteous": "Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as, a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution. Fearless in his righteous cause. Milton. Syn. -- Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest; equitable; rightful.", @@ -65942,8 +58217,6 @@ "rigidness": "The quality or state of being rigid.", "rigmarole": "A succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish talk; nonsense. [Colloq.] Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to call rigmarole. De Quincey.\n\nConsisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.", "rigmaroles": "A succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish talk; nonsense. [Colloq.] Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to call rigmarole. De Quincey.\n\nConsisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.", - "rigoberto": null, - "rigoletto": null, "rigor": "1. Rigidity; stiffness. 2. (ed.) A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceeding a fever. Rigor caloris ( Etym: [L., rigor of heat] (Physiol.), a form of rigor mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to about 50ºC. -- Rigor mortis ( Etym: [L. , rigor of death] , death stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual muscle fibers.\n\n1. The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness. The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton. 2. (Med.) See 1st Rigor, 2. 3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor of the storm; the rigors of winter. 4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty. All his rigor is turned to grief and pity. Denham. If I shall be condemn'd Upon surmises, . . . I tell you 'T is rigor and not law. Shak. 5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor; -- opposed to Ant: lenity. 6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification. The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor and austerity of a capuchin. Addison. 7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.] Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could stay. Spenser. Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity; austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.", "rigorous": "1. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration. He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With rigorous hands. Shak. We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their rigorous unity. De Quincey. 2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter. 3. Violent. [Obs.] \"Rigorous uproar.\" Spenser. Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern; harsh; strict; exact. -- Rig\"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Rig\"or*ous*ness, n.", "rigorously": null, @@ -65953,13 +58226,10 @@ "rile": "1. To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil. 2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex. Note: In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in the United States.", "riled": null, "riles": "1. To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil. 2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex. Note: In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in the United States.", - "riley": null, "riling": null, - "rilke": null, "rill": "1. A very small brook; a streamlet. 2. (Astron.) See Rille.\n\nTo run a small stream. [R.] Prior.", "rills": "1. A very small brook; a streamlet. 2. (Astron.) See Rille.\n\nTo run a small stream. [R.] Prior.", "rim": "1. The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or basin. 2. The lower part of the abdomen. [Obs.] Shak. Arch rim (Phonetics), the line between the gums and the palate. -- Rim-fire cartridge. (Mil.) See under Cartridge. -- Rim lock. See under Lock.\n\nTo furnish with a rim; to border.", - "rimbaud": null, "rime": "A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. Browne.\n\nWhite frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor. The trees were now covered with rime. De Quincey.\n\nTo freeze or congeal into hoarfrost.\n\nA step or round of a ladder; a rung.\n\nRhyme. See Rhyme. Coleridge. Landor. Note: This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is coming into use again.\n\nTo rhyme. See Rhyme.", "rimed": null, "rimes": "A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. Browne.\n\nWhite frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor. The trees were now covered with rime. De Quincey.\n\nTo freeze or congeal into hoarfrost.\n\nA step or round of a ladder; a rung.\n\nRhyme. See Rhyme. Coleridge. Landor. Note: This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is coming into use again.\n\nTo rhyme. See Rhyme.", @@ -65983,10 +58253,8 @@ "ringlet": "1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring. You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make, Whereof the ewe not bites. Shak. 2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair. [Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved. Milton.", "ringlets": "1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring. You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make, Whereof the ewe not bites. Shak. 2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair. [Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved. Milton.", "ringlike": null, - "ringling": null, "ringmaster": "One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus.", "ringmasters": "One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus.", - "ringo": null, "rings": "1. To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic body; as, to ring a bell. 2. To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound. The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, Hath rung night's yawning peal. Shak. 3. To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly. To ring a peal, to ring a set of changes on a chime of bells. -- To ring the changes upon. See under Change. -- To ring in or out, to usher, attend on, or celebrate, by the ringing of bells; as, to ring out the old year and ring in the new. Tennyson. -- To ring the bells backward, to sound the chimes, reversing the common order; -- formerly done as a signal of alarm or danger. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one. Now ringen trompes loud and clarion. Chaucer. Why ring not out the bells Shak. 2. To practice making music with bells. Holder. 3. To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a With sweeter notes each rising temple rung. Pope. The hall with harp and carol rang. Tennyson. My ears still ring with noise. Dryden. 4. To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound. The assertion is still ringing in our ears. Burke. 5. To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings with his fame.\n\n1. A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the ring of a bell. 2. Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued, repeated, or reverberated. The ring of acclamations fresh in his ears. Bacon 3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned. As great and tunable a ring of bells as any in the world. Fuller.\n\nA circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a circular line or hoop. 2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a wedding ring. Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer. The dearest ring in Venice will I give you. Shak. 3. A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are performed; an arena. Place me. O, place me in the dusty ring, Where youthful charioteers contened for glory. E. Smith. 4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, prize fighting. \"The road was an institution, the ring was an institution.\" Thackeray. 5. A circular group of persons. And hears the Muses in a Aye round about Jove's alter sing. Milton. 6. (Geom.) (a) The plane figure included between the circumferences of two concentric circles. (b) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure. 7. (Astron. & Navigation) An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite. 8. (Bot.) An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See Illust. of Sporangium. 9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc. The ruling ring at Constantinople. E. A. Freeman. Ring armor, armor composed of rings of metal. See Ring mail, below, and Chain mail, under Chain. -- Ring blackbird (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. -- Ring canal (Zoöl.), the circular water tube which surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms. -- Ring dotterel, or Ringed dotterel. (Zoöl.) See Dotterel, and Illust. of Pressiroster. -- Ring dropper, a sharper who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself), and tries to induce another to buy it as valuable, it being worthless. -- Ring fence. See under Fence. -- Ring finger, the third finger of the left hand, or the next the little finger, on which the ring is placed in marriage. -- Ring formula (Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See Illust. under Benzene. -- Ring mail, a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed upon a garment of leather or of cloth. -- Ring micrometer. (Astron.) See Circular micrometer, under Micrometer. -- Saturn's rings. See Saturn. -- Ring ousel. (Zoöl.) See Ousel. -- Ring parrot (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially Palæornis torquatus, common in India, and P. Alexandri of Java. -- Ring plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The ringed dotterel. (b) Any one of several small American plovers having a dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover (Ægialitis semipalmata). -- Ring snake (Zoöl.), a small harmless American snake (Diadophis punctatus) having a white ring around the neck. The back is ash- colored, or sage green, the belly of an orange red. -- Ring stopper. (Naut.) See under Stopper. -- Ring thrush (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. -- The prize ring, the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize fighters, collectively. -- The ring. (a) The body of sporting men who bet on horse races. [Eng.] (b) The prize ring.\n\n1. To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. \"Ring these fingers.\" Shak. 2. (Hort.) To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; as, to ring branches or roots. 3. To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's snout.\n\nTo rise in the air spirally.", "ringside": null, "ringtone": null, @@ -65998,8 +58266,6 @@ "rinsed": null, "rinses": "1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing. 2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; -- applied especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. \"Like a glass did break i' the rinsing.\" Shak.\n\nThe act of rinsing.", "rinsing": null, - "rio": null, - "rios": null, "riot": "1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult. His headstrong riot hath no curb. Shak. 2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry. Venus loveth riot and dispense. Chaucer. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. Pope. 3. (Law) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object. To run riot, to act wantonly or without restraint.\n\n1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess. Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law. Daniel. No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows. Pope. 2. (Law) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n., 3. Johnson.\n\nTo spend or pass in riot. [He] had rioted his life out. Tennyson.", "rioted": null, "rioter": "1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Chaucer. 2. (Law) One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3.", @@ -66022,7 +58288,6 @@ "ripens": "1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as, grapes ripen in the sun. 2. To approach or come to perfection.\n\n1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the corn. 2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment. When faith and love, which parted from thee never, Had ripined thy iust soul to dwell with God. Milton.", "riper": null, "ripest": null, - "ripley": null, "ripoff": null, "ripoffs": null, "riposte": null, @@ -66043,7 +58308,6 @@ "ripsaws": "A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; -- called also ripping saw.", "riptide": null, "riptides": null, - "risc": null, "rise": "1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: -- (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a fish rises to the bait. (b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in water, and the like. (c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a bullet rises in the air. (d) To grow upward; to attain a certain heght; as, this elm rises to the height of seventy feet. (e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer. (f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from a chair or from a fall. (g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early. He that would thrive, must rise by five. Old Proverb. (h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the sea. (i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this direction. \"A rising ground.\" Dryden. (j) To retire; to give up a siege. He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . . was gone. Knolles. (k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like. 2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically: -- (a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the like. \"He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good.\" Matt. v. 45. (b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the shore. (c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower. (d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in lakes or springs. A scepter shall rise out of Israel. Num. xxiv. 17. Honor and shame from no condition rise. Pope. 3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. Specifically: -- (a) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a storm, and hence, of passion. \"High winde . . . began to rise, high passions -- anger, hate.\" Milton. (b) To become of higher value; to increase in price. Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the ounce. Locke. (c) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor, and the like. (d) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat. (e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice. (f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond his expectations. 4. In various figurative senses. Specifically: -- (a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel. At our heels all hell should rise With blackest insurrection. Milton. No more shall nation against nation rise. Pope. (b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to succeed. Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. Shak. (c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in interest. (d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur. A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of contemplative natures. Spectator. (e) To come; to offer itself. There chanced to the prince's hand to rise An ancient book. Spenser. 5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life. But now is Christ risen from the dead. 1. Cor. xv. 20. 6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee rose after agreeing to the report. It was near nine . . . before the House rose. Macaulay. 7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a tone or semitone. 8. (Print.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; -- said of a form. Syn. -- To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale. -- Rise, Appreciate. Some in America use the word appreciate for \"rise in value;\" as, stocks appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive meaning, which ought not to be confused with one so entirely different.\n\n1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen. 2. The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step. 3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood on a rise of land. [Colloq.] 4. Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream. All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart. R. Nelson. 5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a planet. Shak. 6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, fame, and the like. The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a Spanish war. Sir W. Temple. 7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice. The ordinary rises and falls of the voice. Bacon. 8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise of a tone or semitone. 9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of the water.", "risen": "1. p. p. & a. from Rise. \"Her risen Son and Lord.\" Keble. 2. Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Chaucer.", "riser": "1. One who rises; as, an early riser. 2. (Arch.) (a) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Hence: (b) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the like. 3. (Mining) A shaft excavated from below upward. 4. (Founding) A feed head. See under Feed, n.", @@ -66062,14 +58326,11 @@ "risking": null, "risks": "1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction. The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has shaken very strong nerves. Macaulay. 2. (Com.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. To run a risk, to incur hazard; to encounter danger. Syn. -- Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See Danger.\n\n1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication. 2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle. Syn. -- To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.", "risky": "Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. \"A risky matter.\" W. Collins. Generalization are always risky. Lowell.", - "risorgimento": null, "risotto": "A kind of pottage.", "risottos": "A kind of pottage.", "risque": "Hazardous; risky; esp., fig., verging upon impropriety; dangerously close to, or suggestive of, what is indecent or of doubtful morality; as, a risqué story. Henry Austin.", "rissole": "A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry and fried.", "rissoles": "A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry and fried.", - "rita": null, - "ritalin": null, "rite": "The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry. He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of ecclesiastical polity. Macaulay. Syn. -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.", "rites": "The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry. He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of ecclesiastical polity. Macaulay. Syn. -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.", "ritual": "Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law.\n\n1. A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual. 2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the ritual of the freemasons. 3. A book containing the rites to be observed.", @@ -66079,7 +58340,6 @@ "ritualized": null, "ritually": "By rites, or by a particular rite.", "rituals": "Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law.\n\n1. A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual. 2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the ritual of the freemasons. 3. A book containing the rites to be observed.", - "ritz": null, "ritzier": null, "ritziest": null, "ritzy": null, @@ -66090,12 +58350,10 @@ "rivalries": null, "rivalry": "The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition. \"Keen contention and eager rivalries.\" Jeffrey. Syn. -- Emulation; competition. See Emulation.", "rivals": "1. A person having a common right or privilege with another; a partner. [Obs.] If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. Shak. 2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for a crown. Note: \"Rivals, in the primary sense of the word, are those who dwell on the banks of the same stream. But since, as all experience shows, there is no such fruitful source of coutention as a water right, it would continually happen that these occupants of the opposite banks would be at strife with one another in regard of the periods during which they severally had a right to the use of the stream . . . And thus 'rivals' . . . came to be used of any who were on any grounds in more or less unfriendly competition with one another.\" Trench. Syn. -- Competitor; emulator; antagonist.\n\nHaving the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions. The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two rival confederacies of statesmen. Macaulay.\n\n1. To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to; as, to rival one in love. 2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate. To rival thunder in its rapid course. Dryden.\n\nTo be in rivalry. [Obs.] Shak.", - "rivas": null, "rive": "To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive timber for rails or shingles. I shall ryve him through the sides twain. Chaucer. The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks. Shak. Brutus hath rived my heart. Shak.\n\nTo be split or rent asunder. Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction. Woodward.\n\nA place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.]", "rived": null, "riven": "p. p. & a. from Rive.", "river": "One who rives or splits.\n\n1. A large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger than a rivulet or brook. Transparent and sparkling rivers, from which it is delightful to drink as they flow. Macaulay. 2. Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers of blood; rivers of oil. River chub (Zoöl.), the hornyhead and allied species of fresh-water fishes. -- River crab (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water crabs of the genus Thelphusa, as T. depressa of Southern Europe. -- River dragon, a crocodile; -- applied by Milton to the king of Egypt. -- River driver, a lumberman who drives or conducts logs down rivers. Bartlett. -- River duck (Zoöl.), any species of duck belonging to Anas, Spatula, and allied genera, in which the hind toe is destitute of a membranous lobe, as in the mallard and pintail; -- opposed to sea duck. -- River god, a deity supposed to preside over a river as its tutelary divinity. -- River herring (Zoöl.), an alewife. -- River hog. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of African wild hogs of the genus Potamochoerus. They frequent wet places along the rivers. (b) The capybara. -- River horse (Zoöl.), the hippopotamus. -- River jack (Zoöl.), an African puff adder (Clotho nasicornis) having a spine on the nose. -- River limpet (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, air-breathing mollusk of the genus Ancylus, having a limpet-shaped shell. -- River pirate (Zoöl.), the pike. -- River snail (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water gastropods of Paludina, Melontho, and allied genera. See Pond snail, under Pond. -- River tortoise (Zoöl.), any one of numerous fresh-water tortoises inhabiting rivers, especially those of the genus Trionyx and allied genera. See Trionyx.\n\nTo hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl. [Obs.] Halliwell.", - "rivera": null, "riverbank": null, "riverbanks": null, "riverbed": null, @@ -66118,13 +58376,9 @@ "riving": null, "rivulet": "A small stream or brook; a streamlet. By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them. Milton.", "rivulets": "A small stream or brook; a streamlet. By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them. Milton.", - "riyadh": null, "riyal": null, "riyals": null, - "rizal": null, "rm": null, - "rn": null, - "rna": null, "roach": "A cockroach.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) (a) A European fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back. (b) An American chub (Semotilus bullaris); the fallfish. (c) The redfin, or shiner. 2. (Naut.) A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better fit. As sound as a roach Etym: [roach perhaps being a corruption of a F. roche a rock], perfectly sound.\n\n1. To cause to arch. 2. To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall stand upright.", "roached": null, "roaches": null, @@ -66162,7 +58416,6 @@ "roaming": null, "roams": "To go from place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove; to wander. He roameth to the carpenter's house. Chaucer. Daphne roaming through a thorny wood. Shak. Syn. -- To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble.\n\nTo range or wander over. And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam. Milton.\n\nThe act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his roam o'er hill amd dale. Milton.", "roan": "1. Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse. Give my roan a drench. Shak. 2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. Roan antelope (Zoöl.), a very large South African antelope (Hippotragus equinus). It has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also mahnya, equine antelope, and bastard gemsbok.\n\n1. The color of a roan horse; a roan color. 2. A roan horse. 3. A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained morocco. DeColange. Roan tree. (Bot.) See Rowan tree.", - "roanoke": null, "roans": "1. Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse. Give my roan a drench. Shak. 2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. Roan antelope (Zoöl.), a very large South African antelope (Hippotragus equinus). It has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also mahnya, equine antelope, and bastard gemsbok.\n\n1. The color of a roan horse; a roan color. 2. A roan horse. 3. A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained morocco. DeColange. Roan tree. (Bot.) See Rowan tree.", "roar": "1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Specifically: (a) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or other beast. Roaring bulls he would him make to tame. Spenser. (b) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger. Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief Roared out for anguish, and indulged his grief. Dryden. He scorned to roar under the impressions of a finite anger. South. 2. To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or the like. The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar. Milton. How oft I crossed where carts and coaches roar. Gay. 3. To be boisterous; to be disorderly. It was a mad, roaring time, full of extravagance. Bp. Burnet. 4. To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers roared at his jokes. 5. To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a certain disease. See Roaring, 2. Roaring boy, a roaring, noisy fellow; -- name given, at the latter end Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous fellows who raised disturbances in the street. \"Two roaring boys of Rome, that made all split.\" Beau & Fl. -- Roaring forties (Naut.), a sailor's name for the stormy tract of ocean between 40º and 50º north latitude.\n\nTo cry aloud; to proclaim loudly. This last action will roar thy infamy. Ford.\n\nThe sound of roaring. Specifically: (a) The deep, loud cry of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion. (b) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the like. (c) A loud, continuous, and confused sound; as, the roar of a cannon, of the wind, or the waves; the roar of ocean. Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening roar! Byron. (d) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth. Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant roar of laughter. Macaulay.", "roared": null, @@ -66183,28 +58436,13 @@ "robberies": null, "robbers": "One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person of another by violence or by putting him in fear. Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton. Syn. -- Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager; rifler; brigang; freebooter; pirate. See Thief. Robber crab. (Zoöl.) (a) A purse crab. (b) Any hermit crab. -- Robber fly. (Zoöl.) Same as Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Robber gull (Zoöl.), a jager gull.", "robbery": "1. The act or practice of robbing; theft. Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges steal themselves. Shak. 2. (Law) The crime of robbing. See Rob, v. t., 2. Note: Robbery, in a strict sense, differs from theft, as it is effected by force or intimidation, whereas theft is committed by stealth, or privately. Syn. -- Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation; despoilment; plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny; freebooting; piracy.", - "robbie": null, - "robbin": "A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Simmonds.\n\nSee Ropeband.", "robbing": null, - "robbins": "A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Simmonds.\n\nSee Ropeband.", - "robby": null, "robe": "1. An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like. Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred gowns hide all. Shak. 2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. [U.S.] Master of the robes, an officer of the English royal household (when the sovereign is a king) whose duty is supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes. -- Mistress of the robes, a lady who enjoys the highest rank of the ladies in the service of the English sovereign (when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her robes.\n\nTo invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with green. The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared. Pope. Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it in the brightest smiles of spring. Wirt.", "robed": null, - "roberson": null, - "robert": "See Herb Robert, under Herb.", - "roberta": null, - "roberto": null, - "roberts": "See Herb Robert, under Herb.", - "robertson": null, "robes": "1. An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like. Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred gowns hide all. Shak. 2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. [U.S.] Master of the robes, an officer of the English royal household (when the sovereign is a king) whose duty is supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes. -- Mistress of the robes, a lady who enjoys the highest rank of the ladies in the service of the English sovereign (when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her robes.\n\nTo invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with green. The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared. Pope. Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it in the brightest smiles of spring. Wirt.", - "robeson": null, - "robespierre": null, "robin": "(a) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; -- called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. (b) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. (c) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor) (d) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, below. Beach robin (Zoöl.), the robin snipe, or knot. See Knot. -- Blue-throated robin. (Zoöl.) See Bluethroat. -- Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird. -- Golden robin (Zoöl.), the Baltimore oriole. -- Ground robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Indian robin (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the genera Thamnobia and Pratincola. They are mostly black, usually with some white on the wings. -- Magrie robin (Zoöl.), an Asiatic singing bird (Corsycus saularis), having the back, head, neck, and breast black glossed with blue, the wings black, and the belly white. -- Ragged robin. (Bot.) See under Ragged. -- Robin accentor (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic singing bird (Accentor rubeculoides), somewhat resembling the European robin. -- Robin redbreast. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American robin. (c) The American bluebird. -- Robin snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher. (b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or knot. -- Robin's plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain. -- Sea robin. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of American gurnards of the genus Prionotus. They are excellent food fishes. Called also wingfish. The name is also applied to a European gurnard. (b) The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.] -- Water robin (Zoöl.), a redstart (Ruticulla fuliginosa), native of India.", "robing": "The act of putting on a robe. Robing room, a room where official robes are put on, as by judges, etc.", "robins": "(a) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; -- called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. (b) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. (c) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor) (d) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, below. Beach robin (Zoöl.), the robin snipe, or knot. See Knot. -- Blue-throated robin. (Zoöl.) See Bluethroat. -- Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird. -- Golden robin (Zoöl.), the Baltimore oriole. -- Ground robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Indian robin (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the genera Thamnobia and Pratincola. They are mostly black, usually with some white on the wings. -- Magrie robin (Zoöl.), an Asiatic singing bird (Corsycus saularis), having the back, head, neck, and breast black glossed with blue, the wings black, and the belly white. -- Ragged robin. (Bot.) See under Ragged. -- Robin accentor (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic singing bird (Accentor rubeculoides), somewhat resembling the European robin. -- Robin redbreast. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American robin. (c) The American bluebird. -- Robin snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher. (b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or knot. -- Robin's plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain. -- Sea robin. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of American gurnards of the genus Prionotus. They are excellent food fishes. Called also wingfish. The name is also applied to a European gurnard. (b) The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.] -- Water robin (Zoöl.), a redstart (Ruticulla fuliginosa), native of India.", - "robinson": null, - "robitussin": null, - "robles": "The California white oak (Quercus lobata).", "robocall": null, "robocalled": null, "robocalling": null, @@ -66218,25 +58456,15 @@ "robotizing": null, "robots": null, "robs": "The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. [Written also rhob, and rohob.]\n\n1. To take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to steal from. Who would rob a hermit of his weeds, His few books, or his beads, or maple dish Milton. He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen, Let him not know it, and he's not robbed at all. Shak. To be executed for robbing a church. Shak. 2. (Law) To take the property of (any one) from his person, or in his presence, feloniously, and against his will, by violence or by putting him in fear. 3. To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good name; a tree robs the plants near it of sunlight. I never robbed the soldiers of their pay. Shak.\n\nTo take that which belongs to another, without right or permission, esp. by violence. I am accursed to rob in that thief's company. Shak.", - "robson": null, - "robt": null, "robust": "1. Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health. 2. Violent; rough; rude. While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson. 3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Locke. Syn. -- Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale; hearty; vigorous; forceful; sound. -- Robust, Strong. Robust means, literally, made of oak, and hence implies great compactness and toughness of muscle, connected with a thick-set frame and great powers of endurance. Strong denotes the power of exerting great physical force. The robust man can bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on through every kind of hardship; the strong man can lift a great weight, can give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe. \"Robust, tough sinews bred to toil.\" Cowper. Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong, That nothing may sustain his furious force. Spenser.", "robuster": null, "robustest": null, "robustly": "In a robust manner.", "robustness": "The quality or state of being robust.", - "robyn": null, - "rocco": null, - "rocha": null, - "rochambeau": null, - "roche": "Rock. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "rochelle": "A seaport town in France. Rochelle powders. Same as Seidlitz powders. -- Rochelle salt (Chem.), the double tartrate of sodium and potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste and is employed as a mild purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an apothecary of Rochelle, and is called also Seignete's salt.", - "rochester": null, "rock": "See Roc.\n\nA distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in spinning. Chapman. Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain, That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid. Spenser.\n\n1. A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See Stone. Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its firm base as soon as I. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Geol.) Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds. 3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a refuge. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. 2 Sam. xxii. 2. 4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock. 5. (Zoöl.) The striped bass. See under Bass. Note: This word is frequently used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, rock-bound, rock-built, rock-ribbed, rock- roofed, and the like. Rock alum. Etym: [Probably so called by confusion with F. roche a rock.] Same as Roche alum. -- Rock barnacle (Zoöl.), a barnacle (Balanus balanoides) very abundant on rocks washed by tides. -- Rock bass. (Zoöl.) (a) The stripped bass. See under Bass. (b) The goggle-eye. (c) The cabrilla. Other species are also locally called rock bass. -- Rock builder (Zoöl.), any species of animal whose remains contribute to the formation of rocks, especially the corals and Foraminifera. -- Rock butter (Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide of iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring in cavities and fissures in argillaceous slate. -- Rock candy, a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure sugar which are very hard, whence the name. -- Rock cavy. (Zoöl.) See Moco. -- Rock cod (Zoöl.) (a) A small, often reddish or brown, variety of the cod found about rocks andledges. (b) A California rockfish. -- Rock cook. (Zoöl.) (a) A European wrasse (Centrolabrus exoletus). (b) A rockling. -- Rock cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus the fibers of which are loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in its texture. -- Rock crab (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large crabs of the genus Cancer, as the two species of the New England coast (C. irroratus and C. borealis). See Illust. under Cancer. -- Rock cress (Bot.), a name of several plants of the cress kind found on rocks, as Arabis petræa, A. lyrata, etc. -- Rock crystal (Min.), limpid quartz. See Quartz, and under Crystal. -- Rock dove (Zoöl.), the rock pigeon; -- called also rock doo. -- Rock drill, an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp., a machine impelled by steam or compressed air, for drilling holes for blasting, etc. -- Rock duck (Zoöl.), the harlequin duck. -- Rock eel. (Zoöl.) See Gunnel. -- Rock goat (Zoöl.), a wild goat, or ibex. -- Rock hopper (Zoöl.), a penguin of the genus Catarractes. See under Penguin. -- Rock kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo, and Petrogale. -- Rock lobster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spinose lobsters of the genera Panulirus and Palinurus. They have no large claws. Called also spiny lobster, and sea crayfish. -- Rock meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite occuring as an efflorescence. -- Rock milk. (Min.) See Agaric mineral, under Agaric. -- Rock moss, a kind of lichen; the cudbear. See Cudbear. -- Rock oil. See Petroleum. -- Rock parrakeet (Zoöl.), a small Australian parrakeet (Euphema petrophila), which nests in holes among the rocks of high cliffs. Its general color is yellowish olive green; a frontal band and the outer edge of the wing quills are deep blue, and the central tail feathers bluish green. -- Rock pigeon (Zoöl.), the wild pigeon (Columba livia) Of Europe and Asia, from which the domestic pigeon was derived. See Illust. under Pigeon. -- Rock pipit. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Pipit. -- Rock plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied, or whistling, plover. (b) The rock snipe. -- Rock ptarmigan (Zoöl.), an arctic American ptarmigan (Lagopus rupestris), which in winter is white, with the tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish brown, coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black patches on the back. -- Rock rabbit (Zoöl.), the hyrax. See Cony, and Daman. -- Rock ruby (Min.), a fine reddish variety of garnet. -- Rock salt (Min.), cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring in rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from the earth. In the United States this name is sometimes given to salt in large crystals, formed by evaporation from sea water in large basins or cavities. -- Rock seal (Zoöl.), the harbor seal. See Seal. -- Rock shell (Zoöl.), any species of Murex, Purpura, and allied genera. -- Rock snake (Zoöl.), any one of several large pythons; as, the royal rock snake (Python regia) of Africa, and the rock snake of India (P. molurus). The Australian rock snakes mostly belong to the allied genus Morelia. -- Rock snipe (Zoöl.), the purple sandpiper (Tringa maritima); -- called also rock bird, rock plover, winter snipe. -- Rock soap (Min.), a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy feel, and adhering to the tongue. -- Rock sparrow. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World sparrows of the genus Petronia, as P. stulla, of Europe. (b) A North American sparrow (Pucæa ruficeps). -- Rock tar, petroleum. -- Rock thrush (Zoöl.), any Old World thrush of the genus Monticola, or Petrocossyphus; as, the European rock thrush (M. saxatilis), and the blue rock thrush of India (M. cyaneus), in which the male is blue throughout. -- Rock tripe (Bot.), a kind of lichen (Umbilicaria Dillenii) growing on rocks in the northen parts of America, and forming broad, flat, coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish expansions. It has been used as food in cases of extremity. -- Rock trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Hexagrammus, family Chiradæ, native of the North Pacific coasts; -- called also sea trout, boregat, bodieron, and starling. -- Rock warbler (Zoöl.), a small Australian singing bird (Origma rubricata) which frequents rocky ravines and water courses; -- called also cataract bird. -- Rock wren (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wrens of the genus Salpinctes, native of the arid plains of Lower California and Mexico.\n\n1. To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or totter. A rising earthquake rocked the ground. Dryden. 2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to still; to quiet. \"Sleep rock thy brain.\" Shak. Note: Rock differs from shake, as denoting a slower, less violent, and more uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.\n\n1. To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to totter. The rocking town Supplants their footsteps. J. Philips . 2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock in a rocking-chair.", "rockabilly": null, "rockbound": null, "rocked": null, - "rockefeller": null, "rocker": "1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor, some thirty years since, to attend on your highness in your infancy. Fuller. 2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks. 3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc., by agitation in water. 4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse. 5. A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair. 6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker of a cradle. 7. (Mach.) Same as Rock shaft. Rocker arm (Mach.), an arm borne by a rock shaft. To be off one's rocker, to be insane.", "rockeries": null, "rockers": "1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor, some thirty years since, to attend on your highness in your infancy. Fuller. 2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks. 3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc., by agitation in water. 4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse. 5. A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair. 6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker of a cradle. 7. (Mach.) Same as Rock shaft. Rocker arm (Mach.), an arm borne by a rock shaft. To be off one's rocker, to be insane.", @@ -66248,49 +58476,30 @@ "rockets": "(a) A cruciferous plant (Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten in Europe as a salad. (b) Damewort. (c) Rocket larkspur. See below. Dyer's Rocket. (Bot.) See Dyer's broom, under Broom. -- Rocket larkspur (Bot.), an annual plant with showy flowers in long racemes (Delphinium Ajacis). -- Sea rocket (Bot.), either of two fleshy cruciferous plants (Cakile maritima and C. Americana) found on the seashore of Europe and America. -- Yellow rocket (Bot.), a common cruciferous weed with yellow flowers (Barbarea vulgaris).\n\n1. An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are used as projectiles for various purposes, for signals, and also for pyrotechnic display. 2. A blunt lance head used in the joust. Congreve rocket, a powerful form of rocket for use in war, invented by Sir William Congreve. It may be used either in the field or for bombardment; in the former case, it is armed with shells or case shot; in the latter, with a combustible material inclosed in a metallic case, which is inextinguishable when kindled, and scatters its fire on every side.\n\nTo rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present participle or as an adjective. [Eng.] An old cock pheasant came rocketing over me. H. R. Haggard.", "rockfall": null, "rockfalls": null, - "rockford": null, "rockier": null, - "rockies": null, "rockiest": null, "rockiness": "The state or quality of being rocky.", "rocking": "Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; used for rocking. Rocking shaft. (Mach.) See Rock shaft.", - "rockne": null, "rocks": "See Roc.\n\nA distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in spinning. Chapman. Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain, That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid. Spenser.\n\n1. A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See Stone. Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its firm base as soon as I. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Geol.) Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds. 3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a refuge. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. 2 Sam. xxii. 2. 4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock. 5. (Zoöl.) The striped bass. See under Bass. Note: This word is frequently used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, rock-bound, rock-built, rock-ribbed, rock- roofed, and the like. Rock alum. Etym: [Probably so called by confusion with F. roche a rock.] Same as Roche alum. -- Rock barnacle (Zoöl.), a barnacle (Balanus balanoides) very abundant on rocks washed by tides. -- Rock bass. (Zoöl.) (a) The stripped bass. See under Bass. (b) The goggle-eye. (c) The cabrilla. Other species are also locally called rock bass. -- Rock builder (Zoöl.), any species of animal whose remains contribute to the formation of rocks, especially the corals and Foraminifera. -- Rock butter (Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide of iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring in cavities and fissures in argillaceous slate. -- Rock candy, a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure sugar which are very hard, whence the name. -- Rock cavy. (Zoöl.) See Moco. -- Rock cod (Zoöl.) (a) A small, often reddish or brown, variety of the cod found about rocks andledges. (b) A California rockfish. -- Rock cook. (Zoöl.) (a) A European wrasse (Centrolabrus exoletus). (b) A rockling. -- Rock cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus the fibers of which are loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in its texture. -- Rock crab (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large crabs of the genus Cancer, as the two species of the New England coast (C. irroratus and C. borealis). See Illust. under Cancer. -- Rock cress (Bot.), a name of several plants of the cress kind found on rocks, as Arabis petræa, A. lyrata, etc. -- Rock crystal (Min.), limpid quartz. See Quartz, and under Crystal. -- Rock dove (Zoöl.), the rock pigeon; -- called also rock doo. -- Rock drill, an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp., a machine impelled by steam or compressed air, for drilling holes for blasting, etc. -- Rock duck (Zoöl.), the harlequin duck. -- Rock eel. (Zoöl.) See Gunnel. -- Rock goat (Zoöl.), a wild goat, or ibex. -- Rock hopper (Zoöl.), a penguin of the genus Catarractes. See under Penguin. -- Rock kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo, and Petrogale. -- Rock lobster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spinose lobsters of the genera Panulirus and Palinurus. They have no large claws. Called also spiny lobster, and sea crayfish. -- Rock meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite occuring as an efflorescence. -- Rock milk. (Min.) See Agaric mineral, under Agaric. -- Rock moss, a kind of lichen; the cudbear. See Cudbear. -- Rock oil. See Petroleum. -- Rock parrakeet (Zoöl.), a small Australian parrakeet (Euphema petrophila), which nests in holes among the rocks of high cliffs. Its general color is yellowish olive green; a frontal band and the outer edge of the wing quills are deep blue, and the central tail feathers bluish green. -- Rock pigeon (Zoöl.), the wild pigeon (Columba livia) Of Europe and Asia, from which the domestic pigeon was derived. See Illust. under Pigeon. -- Rock pipit. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Pipit. -- Rock plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied, or whistling, plover. (b) The rock snipe. -- Rock ptarmigan (Zoöl.), an arctic American ptarmigan (Lagopus rupestris), which in winter is white, with the tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish brown, coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black patches on the back. -- Rock rabbit (Zoöl.), the hyrax. See Cony, and Daman. -- Rock ruby (Min.), a fine reddish variety of garnet. -- Rock salt (Min.), cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring in rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from the earth. In the United States this name is sometimes given to salt in large crystals, formed by evaporation from sea water in large basins or cavities. -- Rock seal (Zoöl.), the harbor seal. See Seal. -- Rock shell (Zoöl.), any species of Murex, Purpura, and allied genera. -- Rock snake (Zoöl.), any one of several large pythons; as, the royal rock snake (Python regia) of Africa, and the rock snake of India (P. molurus). The Australian rock snakes mostly belong to the allied genus Morelia. -- Rock snipe (Zoöl.), the purple sandpiper (Tringa maritima); -- called also rock bird, rock plover, winter snipe. -- Rock soap (Min.), a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy feel, and adhering to the tongue. -- Rock sparrow. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World sparrows of the genus Petronia, as P. stulla, of Europe. (b) A North American sparrow (Pucæa ruficeps). -- Rock tar, petroleum. -- Rock thrush (Zoöl.), any Old World thrush of the genus Monticola, or Petrocossyphus; as, the European rock thrush (M. saxatilis), and the blue rock thrush of India (M. cyaneus), in which the male is blue throughout. -- Rock tripe (Bot.), a kind of lichen (Umbilicaria Dillenii) growing on rocks in the northen parts of America, and forming broad, flat, coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish expansions. It has been used as food in cases of extremity. -- Rock trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Hexagrammus, family Chiradæ, native of the North Pacific coasts; -- called also sea trout, boregat, bodieron, and starling. -- Rock warbler (Zoöl.), a small Australian singing bird (Origma rubricata) which frequents rocky ravines and water courses; -- called also cataract bird. -- Rock wren (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wrens of the genus Salpinctes, native of the arid plains of Lower California and Mexico.\n\n1. To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or totter. A rising earthquake rocked the ground. Dryden. 2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to still; to quiet. \"Sleep rock thy brain.\" Shak. Note: Rock differs from shake, as denoting a slower, less violent, and more uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.\n\n1. To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to totter. The rocking town Supplants their footsteps. J. Philips . 2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock in a rocking-chair.", - "rockwell": null, "rocky": "1. Full of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; as, a rocky mountain; a rocky shore. 2. Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a shield. Milton. 3. Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard; unfeeling; obdurate; as, a rocky bosom. Shak. Rocky Mountain locust (Zoöl.), the Western locust, or grasshopper. See Grasshopper. -- Rocky Mountain sheep. (Zoöl.) See Bighorn.", "rococo": "A florid style of ornamentation which prevailed in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth century.\n\nOf or pertaining to the style called rococo; like rococo; florid; fantastic.", "rod": "1. A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Specifically: (a) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. He that spareth his rod hateth his son. Prov. xiii. 24. (b) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression. \"The rod, and bird of peace.\" Shak. (c) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. Gay. (d) (Mach. & Structure) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar. (e) An instrument for measuring. 2. A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called also perch, and pole. Black rod. See in the Vocabulary. -- Rods and cones (Anat.), the elongated cells or elements of the sensory layer of the retina, some of which are cylindrical, others somewhat conical.", - "roddenberry": null, "rode": "Redness; complexion. [Obs.] \"His rode was red.\" Chaucer.\n\nimp. of Ride.\n\nSee Rood, the cross. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "rodent": "1. Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) applied to a destructive variety of cancer or ulcer. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Gnawing. (b) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia.\n\nOne of the Rodentia.", "rodents": "1. Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) applied to a destructive variety of cancer or ulcer. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) Gnawing. (b) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia.\n\nOne of the Rodentia.", "rodeo": "A round-up. See Round-up. [Western U.S.]", "rodeos": "A round-up. See Round-up. [Western U.S.]", - "roderick": null, - "rodger": null, - "rodgers": null, - "rodin": null, - "rodney": null, - "rodolfo": null, - "rodrick": null, - "rodrigo": null, - "rodriguez": null, - "rodriquez": null, "rods": "1. A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Specifically: (a) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. He that spareth his rod hateth his son. Prov. xiii. 24. (b) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression. \"The rod, and bird of peace.\" Shak. (c) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. Gay. (d) (Mach. & Structure) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar. (e) An instrument for measuring. 2. A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called also perch, and pole. Black rod. See in the Vocabulary. -- Rods and cones (Anat.), the elongated cells or elements of the sensory layer of the retina, some of which are cylindrical, others somewhat conical.", "roe": "(a) A roebuck. See Roebuck. (b) The female of any species of deer.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of the male. 2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in mahogany.", "roebuck": "A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus capræa) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or high grounds.", "roebucks": "A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus capræa) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or high grounds.", - "roeg": null, "roentgen": null, "roentgens": null, "roes": "(a) A roebuck. See Roebuck. (b) The female of any species of deer.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of the male. 2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in mahogany.", - "rofl": null, - "rogelio": null, "roger": "A black flag with white skull and crossbones, formerly used by pirates; -- called also Jolly Roger.", "rogered": null, "rogering": null, "rogers": "A black flag with white skull and crossbones, formerly used by pirates; -- called also Jolly Roger.", - "roget": null, "rogue": "1. (Eng.Law) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. Note: The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons. They were formerly punished by being whipped and having the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron. 2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat. The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise. Pope. 3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used as a term of endearment. Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! Shak. 4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone, in which state it is very savage. 5. (Hort.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice variety. Rogues' gallery, a collection of portraits of rogues or criminals, for the use of the police authorities. -- Rogue's march, derisive music performed in driving away a person under popular indignation or official sentence, as when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment. -- Rogue's yarn, yarn of a different twist and color from the rest, inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to identify it if stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in case of defect. Different makers are required to use yarns of different colors.\n\nTo wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. [Obs.] Cudworth. 2. (Hort.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required standard).", "roguery": "1. The life of a vargant. [Obs.] 2. The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices. 'Tis no scandal grown, For debt and roguery to quit the town. Dryden. 3. Arch tricks; mischievousness.", "rogues": "1. (Eng.Law) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. Note: The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons. They were formerly punished by being whipped and having the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron. 2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat. The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise. Pope. 3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used as a term of endearment. Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! Shak. 4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone, in which state it is very savage. 5. (Hort.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice variety. Rogues' gallery, a collection of portraits of rogues or criminals, for the use of the police authorities. -- Rogue's march, derisive music performed in driving away a person under popular indignation or official sentence, as when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment. -- Rogue's yarn, yarn of a different twist and color from the rest, inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to identify it if stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in case of defect. Different makers are required to use yarns of different colors.\n\nTo wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. [Obs.] Cudworth. 2. (Hort.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required standard).", @@ -66307,21 +58516,13 @@ "roisterers": "A blustering, turbulent fellow. If two roisterers met, they cocked their hats in each other faces. Macaulay.", "roistering": null, "roisters": "To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or turbulent. I have a roisting challenge sent amongst The dull and factious nobles of the Greeks. Shak.\n\nSee Roisterer.", - "rojas": null, - "roku": null, - "rolaids": null, - "roland": null, - "rolando": null, "role": "A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he has now taken the rôle of philanthropist. Title rôle, the part, or character, which gives the title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of that name.", "roles": "A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he has now taken the rôle of philanthropist. Title rôle, the part, or character, which gives the title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of that name.", - "rolex": null, "roll": "1. To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a ball, or a barrel. 2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball. 3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; -- often with up; as, to roll up a parcel. 4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the ocean. The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over Europe. J. A. Symonds. 5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's praises; to roll out sentences. Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies. Tennyson. 6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel rails, etc. 7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or small wheels. 8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll upon. 9. (Geom.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in contact are equal. 10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve. Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down The beauty of these florins new and bright. Chaucer. To roll one's self, to wallow. -- To roll the eye, to direct its axis hither and thither in quick succession. -- To roll one's r's, to utter the letter r with a trill. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane. And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which rolls, and rolls, and rolls. Shak. 2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. \"The rolling chair.\" Dryden. 3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls unevenly; the snow rolls well. 4. To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a precipice. 5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away. 6. To turn; to move circularly. And his red eyeballs roll with living fire. Dryden. 7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression. What different sorrows did within thee roll. Prior. 8. To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as, there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general semse, to be tossed about. Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled. Pope. 9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow; as, a horse rolls. 10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls well. 11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. 12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls. To roll about, to gad abroad. [Obs.] Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about. Chaucer.\n\n1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll of a ball; the roll of waves. 2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically: (a) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. Mortimer. (b) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the rolls. 3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. Specifically: (a) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll. Busy angels spread The lasting roll, recording what we say. Prior. (b) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list. The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the petitions, answers, and transactions in Parliament, are extant. Sir M. Hale. The roll and list of that army doth remain. Sir J. Davies. (c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon. (d) A cylindrical twist of tobacco. 4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled upon itself. 5. (Naut.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching. 6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of thunder. 7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. 8. Part; office; duty; rôle. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Long roll (Mil.), a prolonged roll of the drums, as the signal of an attack by the enemy, and for the troops to arrange themselves in line. -- Master of the rolls. See under Master. -- Roll call, the act, or the time, of calling over a list names, as among soldiers. -- Rolls of court, of parliament (or of any public body), the parchments or rolls on which the acts and proceedings of that body are engrossed by the proper officer, and which constitute the records of such public body. -- To call the roll, to call off or recite a list or roll of names of persons belonging to an organization, in order to ascertain who are present or to obtain responses from those present. Syn. -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See List.", - "rolland": null, "rollback": null, "rollbacks": null, "rolled": null, "roller": "1. One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts. 2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery. 3. (Naut.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm weather. 4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- called also roller towel. 5. (Print.) A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from them. W. Savage. 6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a man. 7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc. 8. (Zoöl.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix. 9. Etym: [CF. F. rollier.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Old World picarian birds of the family Coraciadæ. The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or \"tumbling\" in flight. Note: Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The common European species (Coracias garrula) has the head, neck, and under parts light blue varied with green, the scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail blue, green, and black. The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa belong to the genus Eurystomus, as the oriental roller (E. orientalis), and the Australian roller, or dollar bird (E. Pacificus). The latter is dark brown on the head and neck, sea green on the back, and bright blue on the throat, base of the tail, and parts of the wings. It has a silvery-white spot on the middle of each wing. 10. (Zoöl.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Tortricidæ. Ground roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Madagascar rollers belonging to Atelornis and allied genera. They are nocturnal birds, and feed on the ground. -- Roller bolt, the bar in a carriage to which the traces are attached; a whiffletree. [Eng.] -- Roller gin, a cotton gin inn which rolls are used for separating the seeds from the fiber. -- Roller mill. See under Mill. -- Roller skate, a skate which has small wheels in the place of the metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating upon a smooth, hard surface, other than ice.", - "rollerblade": null, "rollerblading": null, "rollers": "1. One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts. 2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery. 3. (Naut.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm weather. 4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- called also roller towel. 5. (Print.) A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from them. W. Savage. 6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a man. 7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc. 8. (Zoöl.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix. 9. Etym: [CF. F. rollier.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Old World picarian birds of the family Coraciadæ. The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or \"tumbling\" in flight. Note: Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The common European species (Coracias garrula) has the head, neck, and under parts light blue varied with green, the scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail blue, green, and black. The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa belong to the genus Eurystomus, as the oriental roller (E. orientalis), and the Australian roller, or dollar bird (E. Pacificus). The latter is dark brown on the head and neck, sea green on the back, and bright blue on the throat, base of the tail, and parts of the wings. It has a silvery-white spot on the middle of each wing. 10. (Zoöl.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Tortricidæ. Ground roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Madagascar rollers belonging to Atelornis and allied genera. They are nocturnal birds, and feed on the ground. -- Roller bolt, the bar in a carriage to which the traces are attached; a whiffletree. [Eng.] -- Roller gin, a cotton gin inn which rolls are used for separating the seeds from the fiber. -- Roller mill. See under Mill. -- Roller skate, a skate which has small wheels in the place of the metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating upon a smooth, hard surface, other than ice.", "rollerskating": null, @@ -66331,15 +58532,11 @@ "rollicks": null, "rolling": "1. Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a rolling wheel or ball. 2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a rolling chair. 3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling country; rolling land. [U.S.] Rolling bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. -- Rolling circle of a paddle wheel, the circle described by the point whose velocity equals the velocity of the ship. J. Bourne. -- Rolling fire (Mil.), a discharge of firearms by soldiers in line, in quick succession, and in the order in which they stand. -- Rolling friction, that resistance to motion experienced by one body rolling upon another which arises from the roughness or other quality of the surfaces in contact. -- Rolling mill, a mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which heated metal is passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc. -- Rolling press. (a) A machine for calendering cloth by pressure between revolving rollers. (b) A printing press with a roller, used in copperplate printing. -- Rolling stock, or Rolling plant, the locomotives and vehicles of a railway. -- Rolling tackle (Naut.), tackle used to steady the yards when the ship rolls heavily. R. H. Dana, Jr.", "rollings": "1. Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a rolling wheel or ball. 2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a rolling chair. 3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling country; rolling land. [U.S.] Rolling bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. -- Rolling circle of a paddle wheel, the circle described by the point whose velocity equals the velocity of the ship. J. Bourne. -- Rolling fire (Mil.), a discharge of firearms by soldiers in line, in quick succession, and in the order in which they stand. -- Rolling friction, that resistance to motion experienced by one body rolling upon another which arises from the roughness or other quality of the surfaces in contact. -- Rolling mill, a mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which heated metal is passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc. -- Rolling press. (a) A machine for calendering cloth by pressure between revolving rollers. (b) A printing press with a roller, used in copperplate printing. -- Rolling stock, or Rolling plant, the locomotives and vehicles of a railway. -- Rolling tackle (Naut.), tackle used to steady the yards when the ship rolls heavily. R. H. Dana, Jr.", - "rollins": null, "rollmop": null, "rollmops": null, "rollover": null, "rollovers": null, "rolls": "1. To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a ball, or a barrel. 2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball. 3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; -- often with up; as, to roll up a parcel. 4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the ocean. The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over Europe. J. A. Symonds. 5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's praises; to roll out sentences. Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies. Tennyson. 6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel rails, etc. 7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or small wheels. 8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll upon. 9. (Geom.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in contact are equal. 10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve. Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down The beauty of these florins new and bright. Chaucer. To roll one's self, to wallow. -- To roll the eye, to direct its axis hither and thither in quick succession. -- To roll one's r's, to utter the letter r with a trill. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane. And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which rolls, and rolls, and rolls. Shak. 2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. \"The rolling chair.\" Dryden. 3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls unevenly; the snow rolls well. 4. To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a precipice. 5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away. 6. To turn; to move circularly. And his red eyeballs roll with living fire. Dryden. 7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression. What different sorrows did within thee roll. Prior. 8. To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as, there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general semse, to be tossed about. Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled. Pope. 9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow; as, a horse rolls. 10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls well. 11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. 12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls. To roll about, to gad abroad. [Obs.] Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about. Chaucer.\n\n1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll of a ball; the roll of waves. 2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically: (a) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. Mortimer. (b) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the rolls. 3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. Specifically: (a) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll. Busy angels spread The lasting roll, recording what we say. Prior. (b) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list. The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the petitions, answers, and transactions in Parliament, are extant. Sir M. Hale. The roll and list of that army doth remain. Sir J. Davies. (c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon. (d) A cylindrical twist of tobacco. 4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled upon itself. 5. (Naut.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching. 6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of thunder. 7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. 8. Part; office; duty; rôle. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Long roll (Mil.), a prolonged roll of the drums, as the signal of an attack by the enemy, and for the troops to arrange themselves in line. -- Master of the rolls. See under Master. -- Roll call, the act, or the time, of calling over a list names, as among soldiers. -- Rolls of court, of parliament (or of any public body), the parchments or rolls on which the acts and proceedings of that body are engrossed by the proper officer, and which constitute the records of such public body. -- To call the roll, to call off or recite a list or roll of names of persons belonging to an organization, in order to ascertain who are present or to obtain responses from those present. Syn. -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See List.", - "rolodex": null, - "rolvaag": null, - "rom": null, "romaine": null, "romaines": null, "roman": "1. Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art. 2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that religion. 3. (Print.) (a) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic characters. (b) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc. Roman alum (Chem.), a cubical potassium alum formerly obtained in large quantities from Italian alunite, and highly valued by dyers on account of its freedom from iron. -- Roman balance, a form of balance nearly resembling the modern steelyard. See the Note under Balance, n., 1. -- Roman candle, a kind of firework (generally held in the hand), characterized by the continued emission of shower of sparks, and the ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or stars of fire which are thrown upward as they become ignited. -- Roman Catholic, of, pertaining to, or the religion of that church of which the pope is the spiritual head; as, a Roman Catholic priest; the Roman Catholic Church. -- Roman cement, a cement having the property of hardening under water; a species of hydraulic cement. -- Roman law. See under Law. -- Roman nose, a nose somewhat aquiline. -- Roman ocher, a deep, rich orange color, transparent and durable, used by artists. Ure. -- Roman order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite, a., 2.\n\n1. A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were conferred. 2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction from Italics.", @@ -66349,16 +58546,6 @@ "romancers": "One who romances.", "romances": "1. A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one which treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like. \"Romances that been royal.\" Chaucer. Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and religion -- repose the fictions of the Middle Ages, especially those known as romances. These, such as we now know them, and such as display the characteristics above mentioned, were originally metrical, and chiefly written by nations of the north of France. Hallam. 2. An adventure, or series of extraordinary events, resembling those narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or his life, was a romance. 3. A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to ignore what is real; as, a girl full of romance. 4. The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages). 5. (Mus.) A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style; a romanza. Syn. -- Fable; novel; fiction; tale.\n\nOf or pertaining to the language or dialects known as Romance.\n\nTo write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories. A very brave officer, but apt to romance. Walpole.", "romancing": null, - "romanesque": "1. (Arch.) Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th. 2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful. Romanesque style (Arch.), that which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term is loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic architecture.\n\nRomanesque style.", - "romanesques": "1. (Arch.) Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th. 2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful. Romanesque style (Arch.), that which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term is loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic architecture.\n\nRomanesque style.", - "romania": null, - "romanian": null, - "romanians": null, - "romanies": null, - "romano": null, - "romanov": null, - "romans": "1. Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art. 2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that religion. 3. (Print.) (a) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic characters. (b) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc. Roman alum (Chem.), a cubical potassium alum formerly obtained in large quantities from Italian alunite, and highly valued by dyers on account of its freedom from iron. -- Roman balance, a form of balance nearly resembling the modern steelyard. See the Note under Balance, n., 1. -- Roman candle, a kind of firework (generally held in the hand), characterized by the continued emission of shower of sparks, and the ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or stars of fire which are thrown upward as they become ignited. -- Roman Catholic, of, pertaining to, or the religion of that church of which the pope is the spiritual head; as, a Roman Catholic priest; the Roman Catholic Church. -- Roman cement, a cement having the property of hardening under water; a species of hydraulic cement. -- Roman law. See under Law. -- Roman nose, a nose somewhat aquiline. -- Roman ocher, a deep, rich orange color, transparent and durable, used by artists. Ure. -- Roman order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite, a., 2.\n\n1. A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were conferred. 2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction from Italics.", - "romansh": null, "romantic": "1. Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale; a romantic notion; a romantic undertaking. Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious, more absurd, and undeed romantic, than such a persuasion South. Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have represented as chimerical and romantic. Addison. 2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a romantic person; a romantic mind. 3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic school of poets. 4. Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a romantic landscape. Syn. -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious; extravagant; wild; chimerical. See Sentimental. The romantic drama. See under Drama.", "romantically": null, "romanticism": "A fondness for romantic characteristics or peculiarities; specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at romantic effects; -- applied to the productions of a school of writers who sought to revive certain medi He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from pseudo- classicism in poetry, and to have been thus unconsciously the founder of romanticism. Lowell.", @@ -66369,30 +58556,16 @@ "romanticizes": null, "romanticizing": null, "romantics": "1. Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale; a romantic notion; a romantic undertaking. Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious, more absurd, and undeed romantic, than such a persuasion South. Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have represented as chimerical and romantic. Addison. 2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a romantic person; a romantic mind. 3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic school of poets. 4. Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a romantic landscape. Syn. -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious; extravagant; wild; chimerical. See Sentimental. The romantic drama. See under Drama.", - "romany": "1. A gypsy. 2. The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies. [Written also Rommany.]", - "rome": null, "romeo": null, "romeos": null, - "romero": null, - "romes": null, - "rommel": null, - "romney": null, "romp": "To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play.\n\n1. A girl who indulges in boisterous play. 2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport. While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.", "romped": null, "romper": null, "rompers": null, "romping": "Inclined to romp; indulging in romps. A little romping girl from boarding school. W. Irving.", "romps": "To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play.\n\n1. A girl who indulges in boisterous play. 2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport. While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.", - "romulus": null, - "ron": null, - "ronald": null, - "ronda": null, "rondo": "1. (Mus.) A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains. \"The Rondo-form was the earliest and most frequent definite mold for musical construction.\" Grove. 2. (Poetry) See Rondeau, 1.", "rondos": "1. (Mus.) A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains. \"The Rondo-form was the earliest and most frequent definite mold for musical construction.\" Grove. 2. (Poetry) See Rondeau, 1.", - "ronnie": null, - "ronny": null, - "ronstadt": null, - "rontgen": "Of or pertaining to the German physicist Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen, or the rays discovered by him; as, Röntgen apparatus.", "rood": "1. A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it. Note: Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as an elderly man fully clothed, with a nimbus around his head, and holding the cross on which the Son is represented as crucified, the Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove near the Son's head. Figures of the Virgin Mary and of St. John are often placed near the principal figures. Savior, in thine image seen Bleeding on that precious rood. Wordsworth. 2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a red; a perch; a pole. [Prov.Eng.] 3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. By the rood, by the cross; -- a phrase formerly used in swearing. \"No, by the road, not so.\" Shak. -- Rood beam (Arch.), a beam across the chancel of a church, supporting the road. -- Rood loft (Arch.), a loft or gallery, in a church, on which the rood and its appendagess were set up to view. Gwilt. -- Rood screen (Arch.), a screen, between the choir and the body of the church, over which the rood was placed. Fairholt. -- Rood tower (Arch.), a tower at the intersection of the nave and transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was called also rood steeple. Weale. -- Rood tree, the cross. [Obs.] \"Died upon the rood tree.\" Gower.", "roods": "1. A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it. Note: Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as an elderly man fully clothed, with a nimbus around his head, and holding the cross on which the Son is represented as crucified, the Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove near the Son's head. Figures of the Virgin Mary and of St. John are often placed near the principal figures. Savior, in thine image seen Bleeding on that precious rood. Wordsworth. 2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a red; a perch; a pole. [Prov.Eng.] 3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. By the rood, by the cross; -- a phrase formerly used in swearing. \"No, by the road, not so.\" Shak. -- Rood beam (Arch.), a beam across the chancel of a church, supporting the road. -- Rood loft (Arch.), a loft or gallery, in a church, on which the rood and its appendagess were set up to view. Gwilt. -- Rood screen (Arch.), a screen, between the choir and the body of the church, over which the rood was placed. Fairholt. -- Rood tower (Arch.), a tower at the intersection of the nave and transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was called also rood steeple. Weale. -- Rood tree, the cross. [Obs.] \"Died upon the rood tree.\" Gower.", "roof": "1. (Arch.) The cover of any building, including the roofing (see Roofing) and all the materials and construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof mask. It is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering. 2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof of the mouth. The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn repaired. Milton. 3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein. Bell roof, French roof, etc. (Arch.) See under Bell, French, etc. -- Flat roof. (Arch.) (a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as in some Oriental buildings. (b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material as allows the water to run off freely from a very slight inclination. -- Roof plate. (Arch.) See Plate, n., 10.\n\n1. To cover with a roof. I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings that have not been roofed with vaults or arches. Addison. 2. To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter. Here had we now our country's honor roofed. Shak.", @@ -66428,8 +58601,6 @@ "roommates": "One of twe or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who shares the occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum.", "rooms": "1. Unobstructed spase; space which may be occupied by or devoted to any object; compass; extent of place, great or small; as, there is not room for a house; the table takes up too much room. Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. Luke xiv. 22. There was no room for them in the inn. Luke ii. 7. 2. A particular portion of space appropriated for occupancy; a place to sit, stand, or lie; a seat. If he have but twelve pence in his purse, he will give it for the best room in a playhouse. Overbury. When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the highest room. Luke xiv. 8. 3. Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed or set apart by a partition; an apartment or chamber. I found the prince in the next room. Shak. 4. Place or position in society; office; rank; post; station; also, a place or station once belonging to, or occupied by, another, and vacated. [Obs.] When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his father Herod. Matt. ii. 22. Neither that I look for a higher room in heaven. Tyndale. Let Bianca take her sister's room. Shak. 5. Possibility of admission; ability to admit; opportunity to act; fit occasion; as, to leave room for hope. There was no prince in the empire who had room for such an alliance. Addison. Room and space (Shipbuilding), the distance from one side of a rib to the corresponding side of the next rib; space being the distance between two ribs, in the clear, and room the width of a rib. -- To give room, to withdraw; to leave or provide space unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated. -- To make room, to open a space, way, or passage; to remove obstructions; to give room. Make room, and let him stand before our face. Shak. Syn. -- Space; compass; scope; latitude.\n\nTo occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to room together.\n\nSpacious; roomy. [Obs.] No roomer harbour in the place. Chaucer.", "roomy": "Having ample room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; a roomy deck. Dryden.", - "rooney": null, - "roosevelt": null, "roost": "Roast. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nSee Roust, v. t.\n\n1. The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night; a perch. He clapped his wings upon his roost. Dryden. 2. A collection of fowls roosting together. At roost, on a perch or roost; hence, retired to rest.\n\n1. To sit, rest, or sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.; to perch. Wordsworth. 2. Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep. O, let me where thy roof my soul hath hid, O, let me roost and nestle there. Herbert.", "roosted": null, "rooster": "The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [U.S.] Nor, when they [the Skinners and Cow Boys] wrung the neck of a rooster, did they trouble their heads whether he crowed for Congress or King George. W. Irving.", @@ -66457,46 +58628,21 @@ "ropiest": null, "roping": null, "ropy": "capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy lees.", - "roquefort": "A highly flavored blue-molded cheese, made at Roquefort, department of Aveyron, France. It is made from milk of ewes, sometimes with cow's milk added, and is cured in caves. Improperly, a cheese made in imitation of it.", - "roqueforts": "A highly flavored blue-molded cheese, made at Roquefort, department of Aveyron, France. It is made from milk of ewes, sometimes with cow's milk added, and is cured in caves. Improperly, a cheese made in imitation of it.", - "rorschach": null, - "rory": "Dewy. [R.] And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet. Fairfax.", - "rosa": null, - "rosales": null, - "rosalie": null, - "rosalind": null, - "rosalinda": null, - "rosalyn": null, - "rosanna": null, - "rosanne": null, "rosaries": null, - "rosario": null, "rosary": "1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. \"Thick rosaries of scented thorn.\" Tennyson. 2. (R.C.Ch.) A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are counted. His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his prayers. Milton. Note: A rosary consists of fifteen decades. Each decade contains ten Ave Marias marked by small beads, preceded by a Paternoster, marked by a larger bead, and concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make a chaplet, a third part of the rosary. Bp. Fitzpatrick. 3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections. Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet of good works to present to God at night. Jer. Taylor. 4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a penny. Rosary shell (Zoöl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Monodonta. They are top-shaped, bright-colored and pearly.", - "roscoe": null, "rose": "imp. of Rise.\n\n1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere Note: Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a color varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly every class. 2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. Sha. 3. (Arch.) A rose window. See Rose window, below. 4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump. 5. (Med.) The erysipelas. Dunglison. 6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments. 7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink. 8. A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. Cabbage rose, China rose, etc. See under Cabbage, China, etc. -- Corn rose (Bot.) See Corn poppy, under Corn. -- Infantile rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. -- Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under Jamaica. -- Rose acacia (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub (Robinia hispida) with handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms. -- Rose aniline. (Chem.) Same as Rosaniline. -- Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous tree Eugenia Jambos. It is an edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume. -- Rose beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle (Macrodactylus subspinosus), which eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also rose bug, and rose chafer. (b) The European chafer. -- Rose bug. (Zoöl.) same as Rose beetle, Rose chafer. -- Rose burner, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame. -- Rose camphor (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates from rose oil. -- Rose campion. (Bot.) See under Campion. -- Rose catarrh (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose chafer. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European beetle (Cetonia aurata) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also rose beetle, and rose fly. (b) The rose beetle (a). -- Rose cold (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See Hay fever, under Hay. -- Rose color, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or promise. -- Rose de Pompadour, Rose du Barry, names succesively given to a delicate rose color used on Sèvres porcelain. -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one side of which is flat, and the other cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two ranges which form a convex face pointed at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n. -- Rose ear. See under Ear. -- Rose elder (Bot.), the Guelder-rose. -- Rose engine, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved lines. Craig. -- Rose family (Bot.) the Roseceæ. See Rosaceous. -- Rose fever (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose fly (Zoöl.), a rose betle, or rose chafer. -- Rose gall (Zoöl.), any gall found on rosebushes. See Bedeguar. -- Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to resemble a rose; a rosette. -- Rose lake, Rose madder, a rich tint prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy basis. Fairholt. -- Rose mallow. (Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous plants of the genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored flowers. (b) the hollyhock. -- Rose nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head. -- Rose noble, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III., and current at 6s. 8d. Sir W. Scott. -- Rose of China. (Bot.) See China rose (b), under China. -- Rose of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant (Anastatica Hierochuntica) which rolls up when dry, and expands again when moistened; -- called also resurrection plant. -- Rose of Sharon (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus). In the Bible the name is used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or possibly the great lotus flower. -- Rose oil (Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of attar of roses. -- Rose pink, a pigment of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment. -- Rose quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose-red. -- Rose rash. (Med.) Same as Roseola. -- Rose slug (Zoöl.), the small green larva of a black sawfly (Selandria rosæ). These larvæ feed in groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive. -- Rose window (Arch.), a circular window filled with ornamental tracery. Called also Catherine wheel, and marigold window. Cf. wheel window, under Wheel. -- Summer rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. See Roseola. -- Under the rose Etym: [a translation of L. sub rosa], in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up at entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be divulged. -- Wars of the Roses (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York and Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the House of York, and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.\n\n1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. [Poetic] \"A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty.\" Shak. 2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] Tennyson.", - "roseann": null, "roseate": "1. Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers. 2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips. Roseate tern (Zoöl.), an American and European tern (Sterna Dougalli) whose breast is roseate in the breeding season.", - "roseau": null, "rosebud": "The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially open.", "rosebuds": "The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially open.", "rosebush": "The bush or shrub which bears roses.", "rosebushes": null, - "rosecrans": null, - "rosella": "A beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow.", - "rosemarie": null, "rosemary": "A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy. There's rosemary, that's for remembrance. Shak. Marsh rosemary. (a) A little shrub (Andromeda polifolia) growing in cold swamps and having leaves like those of the rosemary. (b) See under Marsh. -- Rosemary pine, the loblolly pine. See under Loblolly.", - "rosenberg": null, - "rosendo": null, - "rosenzweig": null, "roses": "imp. of Rise.\n\n1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere Note: Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a color varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly every class. 2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. Sha. 3. (Arch.) A rose window. See Rose window, below. 4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump. 5. (Med.) The erysipelas. Dunglison. 6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments. 7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink. 8. A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. Cabbage rose, China rose, etc. See under Cabbage, China, etc. -- Corn rose (Bot.) See Corn poppy, under Corn. -- Infantile rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. -- Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under Jamaica. -- Rose acacia (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub (Robinia hispida) with handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms. -- Rose aniline. (Chem.) Same as Rosaniline. -- Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous tree Eugenia Jambos. It is an edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume. -- Rose beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle (Macrodactylus subspinosus), which eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also rose bug, and rose chafer. (b) The European chafer. -- Rose bug. (Zoöl.) same as Rose beetle, Rose chafer. -- Rose burner, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame. -- Rose camphor (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates from rose oil. -- Rose campion. (Bot.) See under Campion. -- Rose catarrh (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose chafer. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European beetle (Cetonia aurata) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also rose beetle, and rose fly. (b) The rose beetle (a). -- Rose cold (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See Hay fever, under Hay. -- Rose color, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or promise. -- Rose de Pompadour, Rose du Barry, names succesively given to a delicate rose color used on Sèvres porcelain. -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one side of which is flat, and the other cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two ranges which form a convex face pointed at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n. -- Rose ear. See under Ear. -- Rose elder (Bot.), the Guelder-rose. -- Rose engine, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved lines. Craig. -- Rose family (Bot.) the Roseceæ. See Rosaceous. -- Rose fever (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose fly (Zoöl.), a rose betle, or rose chafer. -- Rose gall (Zoöl.), any gall found on rosebushes. See Bedeguar. -- Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to resemble a rose; a rosette. -- Rose lake, Rose madder, a rich tint prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy basis. Fairholt. -- Rose mallow. (Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous plants of the genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored flowers. (b) the hollyhock. -- Rose nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head. -- Rose noble, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III., and current at 6s. 8d. Sir W. Scott. -- Rose of China. (Bot.) See China rose (b), under China. -- Rose of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant (Anastatica Hierochuntica) which rolls up when dry, and expands again when moistened; -- called also resurrection plant. -- Rose of Sharon (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus). In the Bible the name is used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or possibly the great lotus flower. -- Rose oil (Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of attar of roses. -- Rose pink, a pigment of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment. -- Rose quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose-red. -- Rose rash. (Med.) Same as Roseola. -- Rose slug (Zoöl.), the small green larva of a black sawfly (Selandria rosæ). These larvæ feed in groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive. -- Rose window (Arch.), a circular window filled with ornamental tracery. Called also Catherine wheel, and marigold window. Cf. wheel window, under Wheel. -- Summer rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. See Roseola. -- Under the rose Etym: [a translation of L. sub rosa], in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up at entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be divulged. -- Wars of the Roses (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York and Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the House of York, and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.\n\n1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. [Poetic] \"A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty.\" Shak. 2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] Tennyson.", - "rosetta": null, "rosette": "1. An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament or a badge. 2. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in decoration. 3. A red color. See Roset. 4. A rose burner. See under Rose. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, under Sand. (b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard.", "rosettes": "1. An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament or a badge. 2. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in decoration. 3. A red color. See Roset. 4. A rose burner. See under Rose. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, under Sand. (b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard.", "rosewater": null, "rosewood": "A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machærium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus erinaceus. -- Jamaica rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees (Amyris balsamifera, and Linocieria ligustrina). -- New South Wales rosewood, the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a tree related to the margosa.", "rosewoods": "A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machærium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus erinaceus. -- Jamaica rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees (Amyris balsamifera, and Linocieria ligustrina). -- New South Wales rosewood, the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a tree related to the margosa.", - "rosicrucian": "One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it was stated, several hundred years. Note: The Rosicrucians also called brothers of the Rosy Cross, Rosy- cross Knights, Rosy-cross philosophers, etc. Among other pretensions, they claimed to be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what is passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden things by the application of the Cabala and science of numbers.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.", - "rosie": null, "rosier": "A rosebush; roses, collectively. [Obs.] Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier. Spenser.", "rosiest": null, "rosily": "In a rosy manner. M. Arnold.", @@ -66505,22 +58651,13 @@ "rosiness": "The quality of being rosy.", "rosining": null, "rosins": "The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine; colophony. Rosin oil, an oil obtained from the resin of the pine tree, -- used by painters and for lubricating machinery, etc.\n\nTo rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin. Or with the rosined bow torment the string. Gay.", - "roslyn": null, - "ross": "The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]\n\nTo divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross bark. [Local, U.S.]", - "rossetti": null, - "rossini": null, - "rostand": null, "roster": "A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve.", "rosters": "A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve.", - "rostov": null, - "rostropovich": null, "rostrum": "1. The beak or head of a ship. 2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom. Antiq.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators. 3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker. Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor. Addison. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of birds. (b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera. (c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina. (d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn. 5. (Bot.) Same as Rostellum. 6. (Old Chem.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic. Quincy. 7. (Surg.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. [Obs.] Coxe.", "rostrums": "1. The beak or head of a ship. 2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom. Antiq.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators. 3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker. Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor. Addison. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of birds. (b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera. (c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina. (d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn. 5. (Bot.) Same as Rostellum. 6. (Old Chem.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic. Quincy. 7. (Surg.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. [Obs.] Coxe.", - "roswell": null, "rosy": "Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; also, adorned with roses. A smile that glowed Celestial rosy-red, love's proper hue. Milton. While blooming youth and gay delight Sit thy rosy cheeks confessed. Prior. Note: Rosy is sometimes used in the formation of selfrosy-bosomed, rosy-colored, rosy-crowned, rosy-fingered, rosy-tinted. Rosy cross. See the Note under Rosicrucian, n.", "rot": "1. To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay. Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. Pope. 2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become corrupt. Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay. Rot, poor bachelor, in your club. Thackeray. Syn. -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.\n\n1. To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber. 2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.\n\n1. Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction. 2. (Bot.) A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below. 3. Etym: [Cf. G. rotz glanders.] A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2. His cattle must of rot and murrain die. Milton. Bitter rot (Bot.), a disease of apples, caused by the fungus Glæosporium fructigenum. F. L. Scribner. -- Black rot (Bot.), a disease of grapevines, attacking the leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus Læstadia Bidwellii. F. L. Scribner. -- Dry rot (Bot.) See under Dry. -- Grinder's rot (Med.) See under Grinder. -- Potato rot. (Bot.) See under Potato. -- White rot (Bot.), a disease of grapes, first appearing in whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the fungus Coniothyrium diplodiella. F. L. Scribner.", "rota": "1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It consists of twelve members. 2. (Eng. Hist.) A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament.\n\nA species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta.", - "rotarian": null, "rotaries": null, "rotary": "Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as, rotary motion. Rotary engine, steam engine in which the continuous rotation of the shaft is produced by the direct action of the steam upon rotating devices which serve as pistons, instead of being derived from a reciprocating motion, as in the ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- called also rotatory engine. -- Rotary pump, a pump in which the fluid is impelled by rotating devices which take the place of reciprocating buckets or pistons. -- Rotary shears, shears, as for cloth, metal, etc., in which revolving sharp-edged or sharp-cornered wheels do the cutting. -- Rotary valve, a valve acting by continuous or partial rotation, as in the four-way cock.", "rotas": "1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It consists of twelve members. 2. (Eng. Hist.) A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament.\n\nA species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta.", @@ -66532,12 +58669,8 @@ "rotational": null, "rotations": "1. The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution. 2. Any return or succesion in a series. Moment of rotation. See Moment of inertia, under Moment. -- Rotation in office, the practice of changing public officers at frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions. -- Rotation of crops, the practices of cultivating an orderly succession of different crops on the same land.\n\nPertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.", "rotatory": "1. Turning as on an axis; rotary. 2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory assembles. Burke. 3. (Opt.) Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. Nichol.\n\nA rotifer. [R.] Kirby.", - "rotc": null, "rote": "A root. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy- gurdy. Well could he sing and play on a rote. Chaucer. extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes. Sir W. Scott.\n\nThe noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the shore. See Rut.\n\nA frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. Swift. till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by rote. Chaucer. Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell. Shak.\n\nTo learn or repeat by rote. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.] Z. Grey.", "rotgut": "1. Bad small beer. [Slang] 2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be very deleterious. [Slang]", - "roth": null, - "rothko": null, - "rothschild": null, "rotisserie": null, "rotisseries": null, "rotogravure": null, @@ -66554,7 +58687,6 @@ "rottenly": null, "rottenness": null, "rotter": null, - "rotterdam": null, "rotters": null, "rotting": null, "rottweiler": null, @@ -66564,7 +58696,6 @@ "rotundas": "A round building; especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington.", "rotundity": "1. The state or quality of being rotu Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world! Shak. 2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness. For the more rotundity of the number and grace of the matter, it passeth for a full thousand. Fuller. A boldness and rotundity of speech. Hawthorne.", "rotundness": "Roundness; rotundity.", - "rouault": null, "roue": "One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.", "roues": "One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.", "rouge": "red. [R.] Rouge et noir ( Etym: [F., red and black], a game at cards in which persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so called because the table around which the players sit has certain compartments colored red and black, upon which the stakes are deposited. Hoyle.\n\n1. (Chem.) A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc. 2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. Ure.\n\nTo paint the face or cheeks with rouge.\n\nTo tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks.", @@ -66617,12 +58748,10 @@ "roundups": null, "roundworm": "A nematoid worm.", "roundworms": "A nematoid worm.", - "rourke": null, "rouse": "To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances.\n\n1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic. Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson.\n\n1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase. Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes. Spenser. Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound. Pope. 2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly. 3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions. To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom. Atterbury. 4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate. Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea. Milton. 5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.\n\n1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.] Night's black agents to their preys do rouse. Shak. 2. To awake from sleep or repose. Morpheus rouses from his bed. Pope. 3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention.", "roused": null, "rouses": "To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances.\n\n1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic. Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson.\n\n1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase. Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes. Spenser. Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound. Pope. 2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly. 3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions. To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom. Atterbury. 4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate. Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea. Milton. 5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.\n\n1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.] Night's black agents to their preys do rouse. Shak. 2. To awake from sleep or repose. Morpheus rouses from his bed. Pope. 3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention.", "rousing": "1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting. I begin to feel Some rousing motions in me. Milton. 2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. [Colloq.]", - "rousseau": null, "roust": "To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]\n\nA strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel. [Written also rost, and roost.] Jamieson.", "roustabout": "A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. [Western U.S.]", "roustabouts": "A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. [Western U.S.]", @@ -66664,25 +58793,17 @@ "rowdiness": null, "rowdy": "One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow. M. Arnold.", "rowdyism": "the conduct of a rowdy.", - "rowe": null, "rowed": "Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a twelve-rowed ear of corn.", "rowel": "1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood. Cowper. 2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit. Spenser. 3. (Far.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery.\n\nTo insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Mortimer.", "roweled": null, "roweling": null, "rowels": "1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood. Cowper. 2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit. Spenser. 3. (Far.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery.\n\nTo insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Mortimer.", - "rowena": null, "rower": "One who rows with an oar.", "rowers": "One who rows with an oar.", "rowing": null, - "rowland": null, - "rowling": null, "rowlock": "A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar.", "rowlocks": "A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar.", "rows": "Rough; stern; angry. [Obs.] \"Lock he never so row.\" Chaucer.\n\nA noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. [Colloq.] Byron.\n\nA series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns. And there were windows in three rows. 1 Kings vii. 4. The bright seraphim in burning row. Milton. Row culture (Agric.), the practice of cultivating crops in drills. -- Row of points (Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in number, as the points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a line.\n\n1. To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of water; as, to row a boat. 2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge.\n\n1. To use the oar; as, to row well. 2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily.\n\nThe act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat.", - "roxanne": null, - "roxie": null, - "roxy": null, - "roy": "A king. [obs.]\n\nRoyal. [Obs.] Chapman.", "royal": "1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state. 2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio Shak. 3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. Battle royal. See under Battle. -- Royal bay (Bot.), the classic laurel (Laurus nobilis.) -- Royal eagle. (Zoöl.) See Golden eagle, under Golden. -- Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. See Osmund. -- Royal mast (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal yard and royal sail are attached to the royal mast. -- Royal metal, an old name for gold. -- Royal palm (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm tree (Oreodoxa regia), lately discovered also in Florida. -- Royal pheasant. See Curassow. -- Royal purple, an intense violet color, verging toward blue. -- Royal tern (Zoöl.), a large, crested American tern (Sterna maxima). -- Royal tiger. (Zoöl.) See Tiger. -- Royal touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced, particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil. Syn. -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous.\n\n1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n. 2. (Naut.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten. 3. (Zoöl.) One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag. 4. (Gun.) A small mortar. 5. (Mil.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots. 6. An old English coin. See Rial.", "royalist": "An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government. Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed. Waller.", "royalists": "An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government. Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed. Waller.", @@ -66690,23 +58811,12 @@ "royals": "1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state. 2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio Shak. 3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. Battle royal. See under Battle. -- Royal bay (Bot.), the classic laurel (Laurus nobilis.) -- Royal eagle. (Zoöl.) See Golden eagle, under Golden. -- Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. See Osmund. -- Royal mast (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal yard and royal sail are attached to the royal mast. -- Royal metal, an old name for gold. -- Royal palm (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm tree (Oreodoxa regia), lately discovered also in Florida. -- Royal pheasant. See Curassow. -- Royal purple, an intense violet color, verging toward blue. -- Royal tern (Zoöl.), a large, crested American tern (Sterna maxima). -- Royal tiger. (Zoöl.) See Tiger. -- Royal touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced, particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil. Syn. -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous.\n\n1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n. 2. (Naut.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten. 3. (Zoöl.) One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag. 4. (Gun.) A small mortar. 5. (Mil.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots. 6. An old English coin. See Rial.", "royalties": null, "royalty": "1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty. Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty. Holyday. 2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty. For thus his royalty doth speak. Shak. 3. An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning regalia. [Obs.] Wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not refuse to reign Milton. 4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority. In his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be fear'd. Shak. 5. Domain; province; sphere. Sir W. Scott. 6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality. 7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property. 8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it.", - "royce": null, - "rozelle": null, - "rp": null, "rpm": null, "rps": null, - "rr": null, "rs": "R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 178, 179, and 250-254. \"R is the dog's letter and hurreth in the sound.\" B. Jonson. In words derived from the Greek language the letter h is generally written after r to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek \"r, but does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as rhapsody, rhetoric. The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin, the Greek letter being derived from the Phonician, which, it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most closely related to l, s, and n; as in bandore, mandole; purple, L. purpura; E. chapter, F. chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was, were; hare, G. hase; E. order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E. coffer, coffin. The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education.", - "rsfsr": null, - "rsi": null, - "rsv": null, - "rsvp": null, "rt": null, "rte": null, - "rtfm": null, - "ru": null, "rub": "1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth. Sir T. Elyot. 2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground. 3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. Two bones rubbed hard against one another. Arbuthnot. 4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm. Milton. 5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver. The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation. South. 6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.] 'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped. Shak. To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough points. -- To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust. -- To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain. -- To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.\n\n1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost. 2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore. 3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of rubbing; friction. 2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. Every rub is smoothed on our way. Shak. To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub. Shak. Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward. One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained for us by a wise Providence. W. Besant. 3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Shak. 4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub. 5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 6. A chance. [Obs.] Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. Chapman. 7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; -- called also rubstone. Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.", - "rubaiyat": "Quatrians; as, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Sometimes in pl. construed as sing., a poem in such stanzas.", "rubato": "Robbed; borrowed. Temple rubato. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.", "rubatos": "Robbed; borrowed. Temple rubato. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.", "rubbed": null, @@ -66715,7 +58825,6 @@ "rubberized": null, "rubberizes": "To coat or impregnate with rubber or a rubber solution or preparation, as silk.", "rubberizing": null, - "rubbermaid": null, "rubberneck": null, "rubbernecked": null, "rubbernecker": null, @@ -66736,26 +58845,18 @@ "rubdowns": null, "rube": null, "rubella": "An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; -- called also German measles.", - "ruben": null, - "rubens": null, "rubes": null, - "rubicon": "A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Cæsar. Note: By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.", - "rubicons": "A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Cæsar. Note: By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.", "rubicund": "Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. \"His rubicund face.\" Longfellow.", "rubidium": "A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.", "rubier": null, "rubies": null, "rubiest": null, - "rubik": null, - "rubin": "A ruby. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "rubinstein": null, "ruble": "The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]", "rubles": "The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]", "rubric": "That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) (Law books) The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in the plural. All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics. Hook. (d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper. Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before Christianity. De Quincey.\n\nTo adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson.\n\n1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics. What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals Pope. 2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. \"Rubrical eccentricities.\" C. Kingsley.", "rubrics": "That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) (Law books) The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in the plural. All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics. Hook. (d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper. Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before Christianity. De Quincey.\n\nTo adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson.\n\n1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics. What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals Pope. 2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. \"Rubrical eccentricities.\" C. Kingsley.", "rubs": "1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth. Sir T. Elyot. 2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground. 3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. Two bones rubbed hard against one another. Arbuthnot. 4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm. Milton. 5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver. The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation. South. 6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.] 'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped. Shak. To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough points. -- To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust. -- To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain. -- To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.\n\n1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost. 2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore. 3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of rubbing; friction. 2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. Every rub is smoothed on our way. Shak. To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub. Shak. Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward. One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained for us by a wise Providence. W. Besant. 3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Shak. 4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub. 5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 6. A chance. [Obs.] Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. Chapman. 7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; -- called also rubstone. Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.", "ruby": "1. (Min.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum. Note: Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet. Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white. Chaucer. 2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint. The natural ruby of your cheeks. Shak. 3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle. 4. (Print.) See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.] 5. (Zoöl.) Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolæma. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; -- called also ruby sulphur. -- Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or sphalerite. -- Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.\n\nRuby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.\n\nTo make red; to redden. [R.] Pope.", - "ruchbah": null, "ruched": null, "ruck": "A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton.\n\nTo draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Smart.\n\nA wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.\n\nTo cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower. South. The sheep that rouketh in the fold. Chaucer.\n\n1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.] 2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse race. [Colloq.] The ruck in society as a whole. Lond. Sat. Rev.", "rucked": null, @@ -66781,10 +58882,6 @@ "rudiment": "1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. Milton. the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. I. Taylor. 2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step. This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of many desperate studies. Shak. There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare. Milton. 3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.\n\nTo furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton.", "rudimentary": "1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays. 2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic.", "rudiments": "1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. Milton. the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. I. Taylor. 2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step. This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of many desperate studies. Shak. There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare. Milton. 3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.\n\nTo furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton.", - "rudolf": null, - "rudolph": null, - "rudy": null, - "rudyard": null, "rue": "1. (Bot.) A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton. They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called herb of grace. Jer. Taylor. 2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Goat's rue. See under Goat. -- Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower (Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. -- Wall rue, a little fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) common on walls in Europe.\n\n1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Chaucer. I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. Chapmen. Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues. Milton. 2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] \"God wot, it rueth me.\" Chaucer. 3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To have compassion. [Obs.] God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue. Chaucer. Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them. Ridley. 2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent. Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue. Chaucer. Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. Tennyson.\n\nSorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak.", "rued": null, "rueful": "1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful. 2. Expressing sorrow. \"Rueful faces.\" Dryden. Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. Sir W. Scott. -- Rue\"ful*ly, adv. -- Rue\"ful*ness, n.", @@ -66803,7 +58900,6 @@ "ruffling": null, "ruffly": null, "ruffs": "(a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares. (b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led.\n\nTo trump.\n\n1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. Shak. His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff. Howell. 2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name. I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread. Pope. 3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the victor's chariot! L'Estrange. 4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.] To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff. Latimer. 5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle. 6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of Collar. 7. (Zoöl.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird. 8. (Zoöl.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.\n\n1. To ruffle; to disorder. Spenser. 2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. 3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.\n\nA small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); -- called also pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch.", - "rufus": null, "rug": "1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments. They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited him. Holinshed. 2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc. 3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.\n\nTo pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", "rugby": null, "rugged": "1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. The rugged bark of some broad elm. Milton. 2. Not neat or regular; uneven. His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged. Shak. 3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. \"The rugged Russian bear.\" Shak. 4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons. Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and unconcerned as ever. South. 5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton. 6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the like. Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Dryden. 7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. \"Sleek o'er your rugged looks.\" Shak. 8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc. 9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.] Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement. -- Rug\"ged*ly, adv. -- Rug\"ged*ness, n.", @@ -66815,7 +58911,6 @@ "rugrat": null, "rugrats": null, "rugs": "1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments. They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited him. Holinshed. 2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc. 3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.\n\nTo pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", - "ruhr": null, "ruin": "1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] \"His ruin startled the other steeds.\" Chapman. 2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. \"Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!\" Gray. 3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison. The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character. Buckminster. 4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin. 5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon. Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.\n\nTo bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. this mortal house I'll ruin. Shak. By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton. The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin. By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in the ashes. Longfellow.\n\nTo fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.] Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell. Sandys. If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster. Locke.", "ruination": "The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.", "ruined": null, @@ -66824,8 +58919,6 @@ "ruinous": "1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project. After a night of storm so ruinous. Milton. 2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state. 3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins. Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap. Isa. xvii. 1. Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous. -- Ru\"in*ous*ly, adv. -- Ru\"in*ous*ness, n.", "ruinously": null, "ruins": "1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] \"His ruin startled the other steeds.\" Chapman. 2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. \"Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!\" Gray. 3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison. The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character. Buckminster. 4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin. 5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon. Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.\n\nTo bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. this mortal house I'll ruin. Shak. By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton. The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin. By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in the ashes. Longfellow.\n\nTo fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.] Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell. Sandys. If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster. Locke.", - "ruiz": null, - "rukeyser": null, "rule": "1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket. We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most exact rules for the government of our lives. Tillotson. 2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things. 'T is against the rule of nature. Shak. (b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock. (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. (d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.] This uncivil rule; she shall know of it. Shak. 3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control. Obey them that have the rule over you. Heb. xiii. 17. His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. Pope. 4. (Law) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton. 5. (Math.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root. 6. (Gram.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but \"man\" forms its plural \"men\", and is an exception to the rule. 7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly. A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule. South. 8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under Conposing. As a rule, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule. -- Board rule, Caliber rule,etc. See under Board, Caliber, etc. -- Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit folding in one direction only. -- Rule of three (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b). -- Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge. Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.\n\n1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer. A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection. 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4. 2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive. I think she will be ruled In all respects by me. Shak. 3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice. That's are ruled case with the schoolmen. Atterbury. 4. (Law) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court. 5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book. Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be described by a straight line moving according to a given law; -- called also a scroll.\n\n1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by over. By me princes rule, and nobles. Prov. viii. 16. We subdue and rule over all other creatures. Ray. 2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier. 3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before.", "ruled": null, "ruler": "1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor. And he made him ruler over all the land. Gen. xii. 43. A prince and ruler of the land. Shak. 2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a). Parallel ruler. See under Parallel.", @@ -66868,7 +58961,6 @@ "rumormongers": null, "rumors": "1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout all the region round about. Luke vii. 17. Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight. Shak. 2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified. Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled. Milton. 3. A prolonged; indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo report by rumor; to tell. 'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel. Dryden.", "rump": "1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttoks. 2. Among butchers, the piece of beef betwen the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef. 3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rump Parliament, or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in 1659. The rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump, and by this army of saints Cromwell governed. Swift. -- Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith.", - "rumpelstiltskin": null, "rumple": "To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat. They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged Scoth paper for twenty of your fairest assignats. Burke.\n\nA fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.", "rumpled": "Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope.", "rumples": "To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat. They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged Scoth paper for twenty of your fairest assignats. Burke.\n\nA fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.", @@ -66878,7 +58970,6 @@ "rumpus": "A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]", "rumpuses": null, "rums": "A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor. Rum bud, a grog blossom. [Colloq.] -- Rum shrub, a drink composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring extract.\n\nOld-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. [Slang] Dickens.\n\nA queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.] Swift.", - "rumsfeld": null, "run": "1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: -- 2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. \"Ha, ha, the fox!\" and after him they ran. Chaucer. (b) To flee, as from fear or danger. As from a bear a man would run for life. Shak. (c) To steal off; to depart secretly. My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. Shak. (d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize So run, that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24. (e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted Addison. (f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject. Addison. (h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; - - with on. (j) To creep, as serpents. 3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. (c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. Addison. Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward. (d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not the contrary. She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son. Pope. (g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass. As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster. Addison. (i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones. Swift. (j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. Locke. Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason. Shak. (k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. The king's ordinary style runneth, \"Our sovereign lord the king.\" Bp. Sanderson. (l) To be popularly known; to be generally received. Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome. Sir W. Temple. Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. Knolle (m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves. Mortimer. (n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. Bacon. Temperate climates run into moderate governments. Swift. (o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but near the borders they run into one another. I. Watts. (p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid. Sir J. Child. (q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels. 4. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion). 5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As thing run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after similies. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. -- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. \"Insectile animals . . . run all out into legs.\" Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out. And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out. Dryden. -- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to excess. -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast. But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. Sir W. Scott. -- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. \"Its rivers ran with gold.\" J. H. Newman.\n\n1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block. 2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. To run the world back to its first original. South. I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its \"punctum saliens.\" Collier. 3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. You run your head into the lion's mouth. Sir W. Scott. Having run his fingers through his hair. Dickens. 4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. They ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41. A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets. Ray. Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions. Locke. 5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. The purest gold must be run and washed. Felton. 6. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line. 7. To cause to pass, to evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods. heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods. Swift. 8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career. 9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.] 10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chance, below. \"He runneth two dangers.\" Bacon. 11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them. Clarendon. 12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell. Shak. 13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood. 14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.] 15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.] 16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. 17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. \"religion is run down by the license of these times.\" Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. -- To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. -- To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. \"[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice.\" Addison. -- To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.run up a bill (c) To erect hastily, as a building.\n\n1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run. 2. A small stream; a brook; a creek. 3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard. 4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities. Burke. 5. State of being current; currency; popularity. it is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long continuance, if not diversified with humor. Addison. 6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights. A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run. Macaulay. 7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes. 8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. Howitt. 9. (Naut.) (a) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter (b) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. (c) A voyage; as, run to China. 10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.] A think of giving her a run in London. Dickens. 11. (Mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes. 12. (Mus.) A roulade, or series of running tones. 13. (Mil.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed. 14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning. 15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. The \"runs\" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen interchanging ends at each run. R. A. Proctor. 16. A pair or set of millstones. At the long run, now, commonly, In the long run, in or during the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the end; finally. [Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses them in the long run. J. H. Newman. -- Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See under Home. -- The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the generality or average of people or things; also, that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind. I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks. Walpole. Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the common run of men. Prof. Wilson. His whole appearance was something out of the common run. W. Irving. -- To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.\n\n1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead. 2. Smuggled; as, run goods. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth. Run steel, malleable iron castings. See under Malleable. Raymond.", "runabout": null, "runabouts": null, @@ -66903,7 +58994,6 @@ "runniest": null, "running": "1. Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a horse; (a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer. (b) trained and kept for running races; as, a running horse. Law. 2. Successive; one following the other without break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow land two years running. 3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand. 4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the facts with a running explanation. \"A running conquest.\" Milton. What are art and science if not a running commentary on Nature Hare. 5. (Bot.) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem; as, a running vine. 6. (med.) Discharging pus; as, a running sore. Running block (Mech.), a block in an arrangement of pulleys which rises or sinks with the weight which is raised or lowered. -- Running board, a narrow platform extending along the side of a locomotive. -- Running bowsprit (Naut.) Same as Reefing bowsprit. -- Running days (Com.), the consecutive days occupied on a voyage under working days. Simmonds. -- Running fire, a constant fire of musketry or cannon. -- Running gear, the wheels and axles of a vehicle, and their attachments, in distinction from the body; all the working parts of a locomotive or other machine, in distinction from the framework. -- Running hand, a style of rapid writing in which the letters are usually slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen; -- distinguished from round hand. -- Running part (Naut.), that part of a rope that is hauled upon, -- in distinction from the standing part. -- Running rigging (Naut.), that part of a ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, etc.; -- is distinction from standing rigging. -- Running title (Print.), the title of a book or chapter continued from page to page on the upper margin.\n\nThe act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running was slow. 2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain operation; as, the first running of a still. 3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore. At long running, in the long run. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.", "runny": null, - "runnymede": null, "runoff": null, "runoffs": null, "runs": "1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: -- 2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. \"Ha, ha, the fox!\" and after him they ran. Chaucer. (b) To flee, as from fear or danger. As from a bear a man would run for life. Shak. (c) To steal off; to depart secretly. My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. Shak. (d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize So run, that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24. (e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted Addison. (f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject. Addison. (h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; - - with on. (j) To creep, as serpents. 3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. (c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. Addison. Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward. (d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not the contrary. She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son. Pope. (g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass. As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster. Addison. (i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones. Swift. (j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. Locke. Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason. Shak. (k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. The king's ordinary style runneth, \"Our sovereign lord the king.\" Bp. Sanderson. (l) To be popularly known; to be generally received. Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome. Sir W. Temple. Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. Knolle (m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves. Mortimer. (n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. Bacon. Temperate climates run into moderate governments. Swift. (o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but near the borders they run into one another. I. Watts. (p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid. Sir J. Child. (q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels. 4. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion). 5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As thing run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after similies. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. -- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. \"Insectile animals . . . run all out into legs.\" Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out. And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out. Dryden. -- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to excess. -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast. But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. Sir W. Scott. -- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. \"Its rivers ran with gold.\" J. H. Newman.\n\n1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block. 2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. To run the world back to its first original. South. I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its \"punctum saliens.\" Collier. 3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. You run your head into the lion's mouth. Sir W. Scott. Having run his fingers through his hair. Dickens. 4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. They ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41. A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets. Ray. Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions. Locke. 5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. The purest gold must be run and washed. Felton. 6. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line. 7. To cause to pass, to evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods. heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods. Swift. 8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career. 9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.] 10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chance, below. \"He runneth two dangers.\" Bacon. 11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them. Clarendon. 12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell. Shak. 13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood. 14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.] 15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.] 16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. 17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. \"religion is run down by the license of these times.\" Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. -- To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. -- To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. \"[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice.\" Addison. -- To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.run up a bill (c) To erect hastily, as a building.\n\n1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run. 2. A small stream; a brook; a creek. 3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard. 4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities. Burke. 5. State of being current; currency; popularity. it is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long continuance, if not diversified with humor. Addison. 6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights. A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run. Macaulay. 7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes. 8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. Howitt. 9. (Naut.) (a) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter (b) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. (c) A voyage; as, run to China. 10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.] A think of giving her a run in London. Dickens. 11. (Mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes. 12. (Mus.) A roulade, or series of running tones. 13. (Mil.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed. 14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning. 15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. The \"runs\" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen interchanging ends at each run. R. A. Proctor. 16. A pair or set of millstones. At the long run, now, commonly, In the long run, in or during the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the end; finally. [Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses them in the long run. J. H. Newman. -- Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See under Home. -- The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the generality or average of people or things; also, that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind. I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks. Walpole. Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the common run of men. Prof. Wilson. His whole appearance was something out of the common run. W. Irving. -- To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.\n\n1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead. 2. Smuggled; as, run goods. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth. Run steel, malleable iron castings. See under Malleable. Raymond.", @@ -66915,10 +59005,8 @@ "runty": "Like a runt; diminutive; mean.", "runway": "1. The channel of a stream. 2. The beaten path made, by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds.", "runways": "1. The channel of a stream. 2. The beaten path made, by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds.", - "runyon": null, "rupee": "A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies. Note: The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury departament, varies from time to time with the price silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty- two cents.", "rupees": "A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies. Note: The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury departament, varies from time to time with the price silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty- two cents.", - "rupert": null, "rupiah": null, "rupiahs": null, "rupture": "1. The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring. Arbuthnot. Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. 2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the parties came to a rupture. He knew that policy would desincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family. E. Everett. 3. (Med.) Hernia. See Hernia. 4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion. Modulus of rupture. (Engin.) See under Modulus. Syn. -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution. See Fracture.\n\n1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood vessel. 2. To produce a hernia in.\n\nTo suffer a breach or disruption.", @@ -66929,28 +59017,17 @@ "ruse": "An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit. Ruse de guerre ( Etym: [F.], a stratagem of war.", "ruses": "An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit. Ruse de guerre ( Etym: [F.], a stratagem of war.", "rush": "1. (Bot.) A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and Scirpus. Note: Some species are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats, and the pith is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rushlights. 2. The merest trifle; a straw. John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush. Arbuthnot. Bog rush. See under Bog. -- Club rush, any rush of the genus Scirpus. -- Flowering rush. See under Flowering. -- Nut rush (a) Any plant of the genus Scleria, rushlike plants with hard nutlike fruits. (b) A name for several species of Cyperus having tuberous roots. -- Rush broom, an Australian leguminous plant (Viminaria denudata), having long, slender branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under Candle. -- Rush grass, any grass of the genus Vilfa, grasses with wiry stems and one-flowered spikelets. -- Rush toad (Zoöl.), the natterjack. -- Scouring rush (Bot.) Same as Dutch rush, under Dutch. -- Spike rush, any rushlike plant of the genus Eleocharis, in which the flowers grow in dense spikes. -- Sweet rush, a sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc. (Andropogon schoenanthus), used in Oriental medical practice. -- Wood rush, any plant of the genus Luzula, which differs in some technical characters from Juncus.\n\n1. To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice. Like to an entered tide, they all rush by. Shak. 2. To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or speculation. They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to rush into the office of princes and ministers. Sprat.\n\n1. To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward. 2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error. [College Cant, U.S.]\n\n1. A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush of water. A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent rush, severed him from the duke. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business. [Colloq.] 3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant, U.S.] 4. (Football) (a) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the center of the rush line; the end rush. (b) The act of running with the ball. Bunt rush (Football), a combined rush by main strength. -- Rush line (Football), the line composed of rushers.", - "rushdie": null, "rushed": "Abounding or covered with rushes.", "rusher": "One who rushes. Whitlock.\n\nOne who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "rushers": "One who rushes. Whitlock.\n\nOne who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "rushes": null, "rushing": null, - "rushmore": null, "rushy": "1. Abounding with rushes. 2. Made of rushes. Me rushy couch and frugal fare. Goldsmith.", "rusk": "1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit. 2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores Smart. 3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.", - "ruskin": null, "rusks": "1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit. 2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores Smart. 3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.", - "russ": "1. A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except in poetry.] 2. The language of the Russians.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Russians.", - "russel": null, - "russell": null, "russet": "1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color. The morn, in russet mantle clad. Shak. Our summer such a russet livery wears. Dryden. 2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] Shak.\n\n1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color. 2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color. 3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color. Dryden. 4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet, and the Roxbury russet.", "russets": "1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color. The morn, in russet mantle clad. Shak. Our summer such a russet livery wears. Dryden. 2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] Shak.\n\n1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color. 2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color. 3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color. Dryden. 4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet, and the Roxbury russet.", - "russia": "A country of Europe and Asia. Russia iron, a kind of sheet iron made in Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface. -- Russia leather, a soft kind of leather, made originally in Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and being proof against insects. -- Russia matting, matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the linden (Tilia Europæa).", - "russian": "Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia. Russian bath. See under Bath.", - "russians": "Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia. Russian bath. See under Bath.", - "russo": null, "rust": "1. (Chem.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion. 2. (Bot.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo- vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew (Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish. Note: Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which infest vegetation, such as the species of Ustilago, Uredo, and Lecythea. 3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Specifically: (a) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below. (b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat. (c) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence. Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of human mixtures. Eikon Basilike. Note: Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious meaning; as, rust-colored, rust-consumed, rust-eaten, and the like. Rust joint, a joint made between surfaces of iron by filling the space between them with a wet mixture of cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water, etc. -- Rust mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite (Phytopius oleivorus) which, by puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.\n\n1. To contract rust; to be become oxidized. If gold ruste, what shall iron do Chaucer. Our armors now may rust. Dryden. 2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance. as plants. 3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction. Must I rust in Egypt never more Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece Dryden.\n\n1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind. Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. Shak. 2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity. Johmson.", - "rustbelt": null, "rusted": null, "rustic": "1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic gods of antiquity. Milton. And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic moralist to die. Gray. She had a rustic, woodland air. Wordsworth. 2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. \"A rustic muse.\" Spenser. 3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress. 4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Pope. Rustic moth (Zoöl.), any moth belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. Their larvæ are called cutworms. See Cutworm. -- Rustic work. (a) (Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so that the joints are very conspicuous. (b) (Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees fancifully arranged. Syn. -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; artless; honest. See Rural.\n\n1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a clown. Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away. Pope. 2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic]", "rustically": null, @@ -66981,53 +59058,25 @@ "rut": "1. (Physiol.) Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists. 2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote.\n\nTo have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc.\n\nTo cover in copulation. Dryden.\n\nA track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively. in a rut.\n\nTo make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj; as, a rutted road.", "rutabaga": null, "rutabagas": null, - "rutan": null, - "rutgers": null, - "ruth": "1. Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic] \"They weep for ruth.\" Chaucer. \"Have ruth of the poor.\" Piers Plowman. To stir up gentle ruth, Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth. Spenser. 2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful. [Obs.] It had been hard this ruth for to see. Chaucer. With wretched miseries and woeful ruth. Spenser.", "ruthenium": "A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum.", - "rutherford": null, "rutherfordium": null, - "ruthie": null, "ruthless": "Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless. Their rage the hostile bands restrain, All but the ruthless monarch of the main. Pope. -- Ruth\"less*ly, adv. -- Ruth\"less*ness, n.", "ruthlessly": null, "ruthlessness": null, - "rutledge": null, "ruts": "1. (Physiol.) Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists. 2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote.\n\nTo have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc.\n\nTo cover in copulation. Dryden.\n\nA track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively. in a rut.\n\nTo make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj; as, a rutted road.", "rutted": null, "ruttier": "A chart of a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.]", "ruttiest": null, "rutting": null, "rutty": "Ruttish; lustful.\n\nFull of ruts; as a rutty road.\n\nRooty. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "rv": null, - "rvs": null, - "rwanda": null, - "rwandan": null, - "rwandans": null, - "rwandas": null, - "rwy": null, - "rx": null, - "ry": null, - "ryan": null, - "rydberg": null, - "ryder": "1. A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider. [Obs.] 2. Etym: [D. rijder, properly, a rider.] A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60.", "rye": "1. (Bot.) A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass (Secale cereale), closely allied to wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff used by man. 2. A disease in a hawk. Ainsworth. Rye grass, Italian rye grass, (Bot.) See under Grass. See also Ray grass, and Darnel. -- Wild rye (Bot.), any plant of the genus Elymus, tall grasses with much the appearance of rye.", - "ryukyu": null, "s": "the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, t\\'c5 255-261. Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).", - "sa": null, - "saab": null, - "saar": null, - "saarinen": null, - "saatchi": null, "sabbath": "1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is called also Lord's Day. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8. 2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and festival. Lev. xxv. 4. 3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort, sorrow, or the like. Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope. Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath-day's journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath. Syn. -- Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has been called \"the Sabbath,\" to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United States, as it is in England. \"So if we will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbathday, which is the Sunday.\" Homilies.", "sabbaths": "1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is called also Lord's Day. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8. 2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and festival. Lev. xxv. 4. 3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort, sorrow, or the like. Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope. Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath-day's journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath. Syn. -- Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has been called \"the Sabbath,\" to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United States, as it is in England. \"So if we will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbathday, which is the Sunday.\" Homilies.", "sabbatical": "Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor. Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.", "sabbaticals": "Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor. Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.", "saber": "A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.\n\nTo strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber. You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.", "sabers": "A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.\n\nTo strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber. You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.", - "sabik": null, - "sabin": null, - "sabina": null, - "sabine": "Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy. -- n. One of the Sabine people.\n\nSee Savin.", "sable": "1. (Zoöl.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America. Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety. 2. The fur of the sable. 3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the plural. \"Sables wove by destiny.\" Young. 4. (Her.) The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.\n\nOf the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly in poetry. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young. Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. -- Sable iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. -- Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.\n\nTo render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black. Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.", "sables": "1. (Zoöl.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America. Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety. 2. The fur of the sable. 3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the plural. \"Sables wove by destiny.\" Young. 4. (Her.) The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.\n\nOf the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly in poetry. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young. Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. -- Sable iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. -- Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.\n\nTo render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black. Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.", "sabot": "1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries. 2. (Mil.) A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.", @@ -67040,19 +59089,14 @@ "sabots": "1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries. 2. (Mil.) A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.", "sabra": null, "sabras": null, - "sabre": "A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.\n\nTo strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber. You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.\n\nSee Saber.", - "sabrina": null, "sac": "See Sace.\n\nThe privilege formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. Cowell.\n\n1. See 2d Sack. 2. (Biol.) A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a sack.", - "sacajawea": null, "saccharin": "A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; -- so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar (saccharose).", "saccharine": "Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine matter.\n\nA trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also saccharin.] C7H5NO3S.", - "sacco": null, "sacerdotal": "Of or pertaining to priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood; priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions. The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual superiority. Macaulay.", "sachem": "A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.", "sachems": "A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.", "sachet": "A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc., to perfume them.", "sachets": "A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc., to perfume them.", - "sachs": null, "sack": "A anme formerly given to various dry Spanish wines. \"Sherris sack.\" Shak. Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some other ingredients.\n\n1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth, leather, and the like; a large pouch. 2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage and the substance. The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. McElrath. 3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.] Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn by women; as, a dressing saek. [Written also sacque.] 4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam. 5. (Biol.) See 2d Sac, 2. Sack bearer (Zoöl.). See Basket worm, under Basket. -- Sack tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree (Antiaris saccidora) which is cut into lengths, and made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a slice of the wood for a bottom. -- To give the sack to or get the sack, to discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be jilted. [Slang]\n\n1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn. Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson. L. Wallace. 2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders. [Colloq.]\n\nthe pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and plunder of a town; devastation; ravage. The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, -- by which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of all those outrages which the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on the persons and property of the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or age. Prescott.\n\nTo plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate; to ravage. The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy. Addison.", "sackcloth": "Linen or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress, mortification, or penitence. Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. 2 Sam. iii. 31. Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe. Sandys.", "sacked": null, @@ -67066,7 +59110,6 @@ "sacra": null, "sacrament": "1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.] I'll take the sacrament on't. Shak. 2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.] God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion of sorrows. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Theol.) One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper. Syn. -- Sacrament, Eucharist. -- Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. \"Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what they have received.\" Jer. Taylor.\n\nTo bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.", "sacramental": "1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemny binding; as, sacramental rites or elements. 2. Bound by a sacrament. The sacramental host of God's elect. Cowper.\n\nThat which relates to a sacrament. Bp. Morton.", - "sacramento": null, "sacraments": "1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.] I'll take the sacrament on't. Shak. 2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.] God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion of sorrows. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Theol.) One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper. Syn. -- Sacrament, Eucharist. -- Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. \"Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what they have received.\" Jer. Taylor.\n\nTo bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.", "sacred": "1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service. 2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred history. Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton. 3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable. Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing privilege him. Shak. Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names of earth and heaven. Cowley. 4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable. Secrets of marriage still are sacred held. Dryden. 5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with to. A temple, sacred to the queen oflove. Dryden. 6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic] But, to destruction sacred and devote. Milton. Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of female education. -- Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.) See Hamadryas. -- Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo speciosa or Nelimbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the plant itself. See Lotus. -- Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab. -- Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3. -- Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of fresh-water African fishes of the family Mormyridæ. Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyris oxyrhynchus. -- Sacred ibis. See Ibis. -- Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus Semnopitchecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The blunder monkey. -- Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person is buried. Syn. -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted; religious; venerable; reverend. -- Sa\"cred*ly, adv. -- Sa\"cred*ness, n.", "sacredly": null, @@ -67092,8 +59135,6 @@ "sacrum": "That part of the vertebral column which is directly connected with, or forms a part of, the pelvis. Note: It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more or less consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or posterior, wall of the pelvis, and consists of five united vertebræ, which diminish in size very rapidly to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.", "sacs": "A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also Sauks.]", "sad": "1. Sated; satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.] Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto them it is a bitter sweet. Chaucer. 2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a few phrases; as, sad bread.] His hand, more sad than lump of lead. Spenser. Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Mortimer. 3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of colors. \"Sad-colored clothes.\" Walton. Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors. Mortimer. 4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous. [Obs.] \"Ripe and sad courage.\" Bacon. Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both parties. Ld. Berners. 5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful. First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now sadder, that you come so unprovided. Shak. The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad. Milton. 6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad accident; a sad misfortune. 7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] \"Sad tipsy fellows, both of them.\" I. Taylor. Note: Sad is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sad-colored, sad-eyed, sad-hearted, sad-looking, and the like. Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] Bartlett. Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed; cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous; afflictive; calamitous.\n\nTo make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.] How it sadded the minister's spirits! H. Peters.", - "sadat": null, - "saddam": null, "sadden": "To make sad. Specifically: (a) To render heavy or cohesive. [Obs.] Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to clay lands. Mortimer. (b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth. (c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or sorrowful. Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene. Pope.\n\nTo become, or be made, sad. Tennyson.", "saddened": null, "saddening": null, @@ -67109,12 +59150,9 @@ "saddlery": "1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop. 2. The trade or employment of a saddler.", "saddles": "1. A seat for a rider, -- usually made of leather, padded to span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth; also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or tricycle. 2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry guides for the reins, etc. 3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an animal with the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton, of venison, etc. 4. (Naut.) A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the end of another spar. 5. (Mach.) A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of attachment or support. 6. (Zoöl.) The clitellus of an earthworm. 7. (Arch.) The threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the floor or landing; -- so called because it spans and covers the joint between two floors. Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are secured. Oxf. Gloss. -- Saddle gall (Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made by the saddle. -- Saddle girth, a band passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its place. -- saddle horse, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a saddle. -- Saddle joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the turned-up edge of the next sheet. -- Saddle roof (Arch.), a roof having two gables and one ridge; -- said of such a roof when used in places where a different form is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle roof. Called also saddleback roof. -- Saddle shell (Zoöl.), any thin plicated bivalve shaell of the genera Placuna and Anomia; -- so called from its shape. Called also saddle oyster.\n\n1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for riding. \"saddle my horse.\" Shak. Abraham rose up early saddled his ass. Gen. xxii. 3. 2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to encumber; as, to saddle a town with the expense of bridges and highways.", "saddling": null, - "sadducee": "One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. -- Sad`du*ce\"an, a.", - "sade": null, "sades": null, "sadhu": null, "sadhus": null, - "sadie": null, "sadism": null, "sadist": null, "sadistic": null, @@ -67126,12 +59164,10 @@ "sadomasochist": null, "sadomasochistic": null, "sadomasochists": null, - "sadr": "A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); -- so called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See Lotus (b).", "safari": null, "safaried": null, "safariing": null, "safaris": null, - "safavid": null, "safe": "1. Free from harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from foes. \"And ye dwelled safe.\" 1 Sam. xii. 11. They escaped all safe all safe to land. Acts xxvii. 44. Established in a safe, unenvied throne. Milton. 2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not dangerous; as, a safe harbor; a safe bridge, etc. \"The man of safe discretion.\" Shak. The King of heaven hath doomed This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat. Milton. 3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure care or custody; as, the prisoner is safe. But Banquo's safe Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides. Shak. Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get to first base even if no error is made by the other side. Syn. -- Secure; unendangered; sure.\n\nA place for keeping things in safety. Specifically: (a) A strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel, etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable papers, or the like. (b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for securing provisions from noxious animals or insects.\n\nTo render safe; to make right. [Obs.] Shak.", "safeguard": "1. One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense; protection. Shak. Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne. Granwille. 2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property. 3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. Shak.\n\nTo guard; to protect. Shak.", "safeguarded": null, @@ -67145,7 +59181,6 @@ "safest": null, "safeties": null, "safety": "1. The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss. Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An earthly guest . . . With like safety guided down, Return me to my native element. Milton. 2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from libility to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc. Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might put a thousand sorrows off. Beau. & Fl. 3. Preservation from escape; close custody. Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and return. Shak. 4. (Football) Same as Safety touchdown, below. Safety arch (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t. -- Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person to float in water; a life preserver. -- Safety buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a safety belt. -- Safety cage (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having appliances to prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should break. -- Safety lamp. (Mining) See under Lamp. -- Safety match, a match which can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for the purpose. -- Safety pin, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a guard covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer. -- safety plug. See Fusible plug, under Fusible. -- Safety switch. See Switch. -- Safety touchdown (Football), the act or result of a player's touching to the ground behind his own goal line a ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own side; -- distinguished from touchback. See Touchdown. -- Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic valvular connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence. -- Safety valve, a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when the pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.", - "safeway": null, "safflower": "1. (Bot.) An annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or false, saffron. 2. The died flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius. 3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b). Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the safflower.", "safflowers": "1. (Bot.) An annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or false, saffron. 2. The died flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius. 3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b). Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the safflower.", "saffron": "1. (Bot.) A bulbous iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue flowers with large yellow stigmas. See Crocus. 2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of the stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron is used in cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors, varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine. 3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas of the Crocus sativus. Bastard saffron, Dyer's saffron. (Bot.) See Safflower. -- Meadow saffron (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum autumnate) of Europe, resembling saffron. -- Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a South African tree (Elæodendron croceum); also, the tree itself. -- Saffron yellow, a shade of yellow like that obtained from the stigmas of the true saffron (Crocus sativus).\n\nHaving the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.\n\nTo give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to spice. [Obs.] And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my predication. Chaucer.", @@ -67155,7 +59190,6 @@ "sagacious": "1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a trail. Sagacious of his quarry from so far. Milton. 2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark. Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our apprehension. Dr. H. More. Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them into general propositions. Locke. Syn. -- See Shrewd. -- Sa*ga\"cious*ly, adv. -- Sa-ga\"cious*ness, n.", "sagaciously": null, "sagacity": "The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of judgment; shrewdness. Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell. Cowper. Natural sagacity improved by generous education. V. Knox. Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. -- Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best possible advantage.", - "sagan": null, "sagas": "A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular historical or religious tale of olden time. And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days of old. Longfellow.", "sage": "(a) A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush. Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe. -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and other plants which are added to the milk. -- Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse. -- Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of garden sage. -- Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage cock, and the female sage hen. -- Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. -- Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. -- Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America. -- Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.\n\n1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious. All you sage counselors, hence! Shak. 2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose. Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice, counseled the general to retreat. Milton. 3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] \"[Great bards.] in sage and solemn tunes have sung.\" Milton. Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.\n\nA wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher. At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And guides the Eastern sages. Milton.", "sagebrush": "A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the American plains; -- called also sagebush, and wild sage.", @@ -67168,20 +59202,13 @@ "saggiest": null, "sagging": "A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.", "saggy": null, - "saginaw": null, - "sagittarius": "(a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22, marked thus [&sagittarius;] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.", - "sagittariuses": null, "sago": "A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, atc.). Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). -- Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). -- Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.", "sags": "1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as, a building may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges. 2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced. [R.] the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. Shak. 3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily. To sag to leeward (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of the wind, sea, or current; to drift to leeward; -- said of a vessel. Totten.\n\nTo cause to bend or give way; to load.\n\nState of sinking or bending; sagging.", "saguaro": null, "saguaros": null, - "sahara": null, - "saharan": null, - "sahel": null, "sahib": "A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank. [India]", "sahibs": "A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank. [India]", "said": "imp. & p. p. of Say.\n\nbefore-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; -- used chiefly in legal style.", - "saigon": null, "sail": "1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water. Behoves him now both sail and oar. Milton. 2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail. 3. A wing; a van. [Poetic] Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. Spenser . 4. the extended surface of the arm of a windmill. 5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft. Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight. 6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water. Note: Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay. Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending. -- Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. -- Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams square. -- Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made. -- Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. -- Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. -- To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. -- To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. -- To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. -- To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. -- To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part. -- To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. -- Under sail, having the sails spread.\n\n1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power. 2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl. 3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from London to Canton. 4. To set sail; to begin a voyage. 5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird. As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shak.\n\n1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon(the water) by means of steam or other force. A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea. Dryden. 2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through. Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the winged gales. Pope. 3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. Totten.", "sailboard": null, "sailboarder": null, @@ -67210,16 +59237,8 @@ "saintliness": "Quality of being saintly.", "saintly": "Like a saint; becoming a holy person. So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. Milton.", "saints": "1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God. Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. 1 Cor. i. 2. 2. One of the blessed in heaven. Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate, circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing. Milton. 3. (Eccl.) One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.] Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andræ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under Cross. -- Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. -- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-a-mist. See under Love. -- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabæcia polifolia), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. -- Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. -- Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; -- called also the white ensign. Brande & C. -- Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux vomica. -- Saint Jame's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. -- Saint Jame's wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). -- Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers; -- called also John's-wort. -- Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine. -- Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whitier. -- Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust 4, under Cross. -- Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. -- Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John. -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. -- Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus. -- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.\n\nTo make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to (some one). A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted. Addison. To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Shak.\n\nTo act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.", - "saiph": null, "saith": "3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]", - "sakai": null, "sake": "Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake, for his sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake of one's health. Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake. Spenser. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii. 21. Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite Milton. Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton. Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. \"For conscience sake.\" 1 Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural. \"For both our sakes.\" Shak.", - "sakha": null, - "sakhalin": null, - "sakharov": null, - "saki": "Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile. Note: The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed (P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki (P.chiropotes), are among the best-known.\n\nThe alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.sake", - "saks": null, - "sal": "An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, and durable. [Written also saul.]\n\nSalt. Sal absinthii Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). -- Sal acetosell\\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel. -- Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth. -- Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also muriate of ammonia. -- Sal catharticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts. -- Sal culinarius Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium chloride. -- Sal Cyrenaicus. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above. -- Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium sulphate; -- so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and one alkaline. -- Sal diureticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate. -- Sal enixum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate. -- Sal gemm\\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native. -- Sal Jovis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the alchemical name of tin being Jove. -- Sal Martis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being. Mars. -- Sal microcosmicum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt, under Microcosmic. -- Sal plumbi Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead. -- Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella. -- Sal Saturni Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Sal sedativus Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric acid. -- Sal Seignette Etym: [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.), Rochelle salt. -- Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium. -- Sal vitrioli Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc sulphate. -- Sal volatile. Etym: [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above. (b) Spirits of ammonia.", "salaam": "Same as Salam. Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as he was folding up that letter. Prof. Wilson.\n\nTo make or perform a salam. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.", "salaamed": null, "salaaming": null, @@ -67230,8 +59249,6 @@ "salaciousness": null, "salacity": "Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.", "salad": "1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc. Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts. 2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.", - "saladin": null, - "salado": null, "salads": "1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc. Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts. 2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.", "salamander": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits. Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years. Shak. Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir T. Browne. 2. (Zoöl.) The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States. 3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it. 4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 5. (Metal.) Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. -- Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.", "salamanders": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits. Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years. Shak. Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir T. Browne. 2. (Zoöl.) The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States. 3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it. 4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 5. (Metal.) Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. -- Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.", @@ -67240,17 +59257,12 @@ "salaried": "Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.", "salaries": null, "salary": "Saline [Obs.]\n\nThe recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire. This is hire and salary, not revenge. Shak. Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages. Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.\n\nTo pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.", - "salas": null, - "salazar": null, "sale": "See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money. 2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market. They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser. 3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill. -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. -- To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.", - "salem": null, - "salerno": null, "saleroom": null, "salerooms": null, "sales": "See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money. 2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market. They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser. 3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill. -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. -- To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.", "salesclerk": null, "salesclerks": null, - "salesforce": null, "salesgirl": null, "salesgirls": null, "salesladies": null, @@ -67269,13 +59281,9 @@ "salient": "1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. \"Frogs and salient animals.\" Sir T. Browne. 2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting. He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action. Burke. 3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable. He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft. 4. (Math. & Fort.) Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion. 5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.\n\nA salient angle or part; a projection.", "saliently": "In a salient manner.", "salients": "1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. \"Frogs and salient animals.\" Sir T. Browne. 2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting. He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action. Burke. 3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable. He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft. 4. (Math. & Fort.) Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion. 5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.\n\nA salient angle or part; a projection.", - "salinas": "1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea. 2. Salt works.", "saline": "1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic. 2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.\n\nA salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.\n\n1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.] 2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.", "salines": "1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic. 2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.\n\nA salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.\n\n1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.] 2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.", - "salinger": null, "salinity": "Salineness. Carpenter.", - "salisbury": null, - "salish": null, "saliva": "The secretion from the salivary glands. Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.", "salivary": "Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.", "salivate": "To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise. Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.", @@ -67283,24 +59291,19 @@ "salivates": "To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise. Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.", "salivating": null, "salivation": "The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism. Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.", - "salk": null, - "sallie": null, "sallied": null, "sallies": null, "sallow": "1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson. And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes. The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson. 2. (Bot.) A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc. Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.\n\nHaving a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.\n\nTo tinge with sallowness. [Poetic] July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.", "sallower": null, "sallowest": null, "sallowness": "The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.", - "sallust": null, "sally": "To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally. They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden. The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host. Byron.\n\n1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring. 2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie. Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss. Bacon. 3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation. Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round in the same track. Locke. 4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind. The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies. Sir W. Scott. 5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade. The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton. Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.", "sallying": null, "salmon": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat. Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon, the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail. 2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.\n\nOf a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.", "salmonella": null, "salmonellae": null, "salmons": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat. Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon, the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail. 2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.\n\nOf a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.", - "salome": null, "salon": "An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.\n\nAn apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called the Old Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).", - "salonika": null, "salons": "An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.\n\nAn apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called the Old Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).", "saloon": "1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat. The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay. 2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon. We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.", "saloons": "1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat. The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay. 2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon. We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.", @@ -67320,7 +59323,6 @@ "saltines": null, "saltiness": null, "salting": "1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt. 2. A salt marsh.", - "salton": null, "saltpeter": "Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. -- Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.", "salts": "1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles. 2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning. Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak. 3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt. 4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar. I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts. Pepys. 5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.] Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts. Hawthorne. 6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol. Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See Phrases below. 7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt. Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13. 8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt. 9. pl. Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot. His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson. -- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt. -- Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. -- Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. -- Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. -- Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystalizing plant juices. -- Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary. -- Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic. -- Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid. -- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. -- Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. -- Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. -- Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under Hartshorn. -- Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below. -- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical of lead being Saturn. -- Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. -- Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon. -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus. -- Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth. -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid. -- Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. -- Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.\n\n1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. \"Salt tears.\" Chaucer. 2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass. 3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent. I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. Shak. 4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak. Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. -- Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. -- Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efforescences. [Western U.S.] bartlett. -- Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. -- Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. -- Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. -- Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a salimeter. -- Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt lick. See Lick, n. -- Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. -- Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acreæ which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly. -- Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt marshes. -- Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail. -- Salt-marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond-back. -- Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. -- Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. -- Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. -- Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea. -- Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] -- Salt spring, a spring of salt water. -- Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. -- Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears. Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Shak. -- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. -- Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.\n\n1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle. 2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.\n\nTo deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.\n\nThe act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "saltshaker": null, @@ -67338,20 +59340,12 @@ "saluted": null, "salutes": "1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail. I salute you with this kingly title. Shak. 2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc. You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom to salute it. Addison. 3. (Mil. & Naval) To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc. 4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] \"If this salute my blood a jot.\" Shak.\n\n1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting. 2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson. 3. (Mil. & Naval) A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.", "saluting": null, - "salvador": null, - "salvadoran": null, - "salvadorans": null, - "salvadorean": null, - "salvadoreans": null, - "salvadorian": null, - "salvadorians": null, "salvage": "1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the sea. Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit. 2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.\n\nSavage. [Obs.] Spenser.", "salvageable": null, "salvaged": null, "salvages": "1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the sea. Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit. 2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.\n\nSavage. [Obs.] Spenser.", "salvaging": null, "salvation": "1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity. 2. (Theol.) The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness. To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton. Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 10. 3. Saving power; that which saves. Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will show to you to-day. Ex. xiv. 13. Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being \"General.\" They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.", - "salvatore": null, "salve": "Hail!\n\nTo say \"Salve\" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.] By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved them. Spenser.\n\n1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer. 2. A soothing remedy or antidote. Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores. Milton. Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.\n\n1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak. 2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over. But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds. Spenser. What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence Milton.\n\nTo save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea. [Recent]", "salved": null, "salver": "One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]\n\nA salvor. Skeat.\n\nA tray or waiter on which anything is presented.", @@ -67360,16 +59354,7 @@ "salving": null, "salvo": "An exception; a reservation; an excuse. They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.\n\n1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley. 2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.", "salvos": "An exception; a reservation; an excuse. They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.\n\n1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley. 2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.", - "salween": null, - "salyut": null, - "sam": "Together. [Obs.] \"All in that city sam.\" Spenser.", - "samantha": null, - "samar": null, - "samara": "A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.", - "samaritan": "Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.", - "samaritans": "Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.", "samarium": "A rare metallic element of doubtful identity. Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the donbtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.", - "samarkand": null, "samba": null, "sambaed": null, "sambaing": null, @@ -67380,17 +59365,10 @@ "samey": null, "samizdat": null, "samizdats": null, - "sammie": null, - "sammy": null, - "samoa": null, - "samoan": "Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. -- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.", - "samoans": "Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. -- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.", "samosa": null, "samosas": null, - "samoset": null, "samovar": "A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the urn.", "samovars": "A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the urn.", - "samoyed": null, "sampan": "A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]", "sampans": "A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]", "sample": "1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. \"A sample to the youngest.\" Shak. Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed. Fairfax. 2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples. I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss. Woodward. Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.\n\n1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall. 2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.", @@ -67400,20 +59378,10 @@ "samples": "1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. \"A sample to the youngest.\" Shak. Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed. Fairfax. 2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples. I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss. Woodward. Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.\n\n1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall. 2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.", "sampling": null, "samplings": null, - "sampson": null, - "samson": "An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical strength. Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.", - "samsonite": null, - "samsung": null, - "samuel": null, - "samuelson": null, "samurai": "In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.", "samurais": "In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.", - "san": null, - "sana": null, "sanatorium": "An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.", "sanatoriums": "An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.", - "sanchez": null, - "sancho": "The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.", "sanctification": "1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or sanctified. God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thess. ii. 13. 2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart, for a sacred purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.", "sanctified": "Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.", "sanctifies": null, @@ -67454,7 +59422,6 @@ "sandblasts": null, "sandbox": null, "sandboxes": null, - "sandburg": null, "sandcastle": null, "sandcastles": null, "sanded": "1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson. 2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound. Shak. 3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -67466,14 +59433,12 @@ "sandiest": null, "sandiness": "The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.", "sanding": null, - "sandinista": null, "sandlot": null, "sandlots": null, "sandlotter": null, "sandlotters": null, "sandman": "A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.", "sandmen": null, - "sandoval": null, "sandpaper": "Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for smoothing and polishing.\n\nTo smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.", "sandpapered": null, "sandpapering": null, @@ -67482,7 +59447,6 @@ "sandpipers": "1. (Zo\\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera of the family Tringid\\'91. Note: The most important North American species are the pestoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also browback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T.maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or tringoides, hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers. 2. (Zo\\'94l.) A small lamprey eel; the pride. Curlew sandpiper. See under Curlew. -- Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.", "sandpit": "A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.", "sandpits": "A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.", - "sandra": null, "sands": "1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet. That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small pebbles. Woodsward. 2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak. 3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life. The sands are numbered that make up my life. Shak. 4. pl. Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. \"The Libyan sands.\" Milton. \"The sands o'Dee.\" C. Kingsley. 5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang] Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). -- Sand bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by assassins. -- Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. -- Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand. -- Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. -- Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also shore birds. -- Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. -- Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. -- Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. -- Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. -- Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function. -- Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. -- Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. -- Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness. -- Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United States. -- Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under Ophidiod. -- Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea); -- called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied species. -- Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). -- Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius parma of the American coast. -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand. -- Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. -- Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones. -- Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) the chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. -- Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. -- Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); -- called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. -- Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. -- Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. -- Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast. -- Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. -- Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. -- Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). -- Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. -- Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp. -- Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red-capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); -- called also red- necked plover. -- Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. -- Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). -- Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. -- Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat. -- Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry localities. -- Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. -- Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and teehoo. -- Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. -- Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. -- Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. -- Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand gall. -- Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small british lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; -- called also sand prey. -- Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. -- Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher. -- Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. -- Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone. -- Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also sand collar. -- Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. -- Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; -- called also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora. -- Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. -- Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. -- Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside. -- Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. -- Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper. -- Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. -- Sand sucker, the sandnecker. -- Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. -- Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zoöl. ) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. -- Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. -- Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.\n\n1. To sprinkle or cover with sand. 2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton. 3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud. 4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]", "sandstone": "A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand. Note: Different names are aplied to the various kinds of sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc. Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. -- Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the Chart of Geology.", "sandstorm": null, @@ -67497,17 +59461,13 @@ "saneness": "The state of being sane; sanity.", "saner": null, "sanest": null, - "sanford": null, - "sanforized": null, "sang": "imp. of Sing.", - "sanger": null, "sangfroid": null, "sangria": null, "sangs": "imp. of Sing.", "sanguinary": "1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary war, contest, or battle. We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences. Bacon. 2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood. Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary. Broome.\n\n(a) The yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.", "sanguine": "1. Having the color of blood; red. Of his complexion he was sanguine. Chaucer. Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. Milton. 2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament. 3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper. 4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of success. Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.\n\n1. Blood color; red. Spenser. 2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth. [Obs.] In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. Chaucer. 3. (Min.) Bloodstone. 4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.\n\nTo stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.\n\nIn a sanguine manner. I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.", "sanguinely": "In a sanguine manner. I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.", - "sanhedrin": "the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.", "sanitarian": "Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.\n\nAn advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.", "sanitarians": "Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.\n\nAn advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.", "sanitarium": "A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. \"A sanitarium for troops.\" L. Oliphant.", @@ -67522,17 +59482,8 @@ "sanitizing": null, "sanity": "The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.", "sank": "imp. of Sink.", - "sanka": null, - "sankara": null, "sans": "Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. \"Sans fail.\" Chaucer. Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. Shak.", "sanserif": null, - "sanskrit": "The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.\n\nOf or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.", - "santa": null, - "santana": null, - "santayana": null, - "santeria": null, - "santiago": null, - "santos": null, "sap": "1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition. Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant. 2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree. 3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang] Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. -- Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. -- Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry. -- Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.\n\n1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of. Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden. 2. (Mil.) To pierce with saps. 3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken. Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.\n\nTo proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. W. P. Craighill. Both assaults carried on by sapping. Tatler.\n\nA narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc. Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. -- Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.", "sapience": "The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge. Cowper. Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered sapience. Tennyson.", "sapiens": null, @@ -67545,12 +59496,10 @@ "sappers": "One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.", "sapphire": "1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem. of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer. Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum. 2. The color of the gem; bright blue. 3. (Zoöl.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.\n\nOf or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. \"The sapphire blaze.\" Gray.", "sapphires": "1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem. of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer. Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum. 2. The color of the gem; bright blue. 3. (Zoöl.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.\n\nOf or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. \"The sapphire blaze.\" Gray.", - "sappho": "Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail.", "sappier": null, "sappiest": null, "sappiness": "The quality of being sappy; juiciness.", "sapping": null, - "sapporo": null, "sappy": "1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent. 2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble. When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward. 3. Weak in intellect. [Low] 4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.\n\nMusty; tainted. [Obs.]", "saprophyte": "Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.", "saprophytes": "Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.", @@ -67559,16 +59508,7 @@ "sapsucker": null, "sapsuckers": null, "sapwood": "The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from Heartwood.", - "sara": null, - "saracen": "Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.", - "saracens": "Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.", - "saragossa": null, - "sarah": null, - "sarajevo": null, "saran": null, - "sarasota": null, - "saratov": null, - "sarawak": null, "sarcasm": "A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest. The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds. Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.", "sarcasms": "A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest. The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds. Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.", "sarcastic": "Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting. What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world! South.", @@ -67579,56 +59519,37 @@ "sarcophagus": "1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland. 2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin. 3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.", "sardine": "Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.\n\nSee Sardius.", "sardines": "Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.\n\nSee Sardius.", - "sardinia": null, "sardonic": "Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety. Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is forced to laugh against her will. Sir H. Wotton. The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian. Burke. Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.\n\nOf, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.", "sardonically": null, - "sargasso": "The gulf weed. See under Gulf. Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.", "sarge": null, - "sargent": null, "sarges": null, - "sargon": null, "sari": "Same as Saree.", "saris": "Same as Saree.", "sarky": null, "sarnie": null, "sarnies": null, - "sarnoff": null, "sarong": "A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)", "sarongs": "A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)", - "saroyan": null, - "sars": null, "sarsaparilla": "(a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax. (b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc. Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots, especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the United States.", "sarsaparillas": "(a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax. (b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc. Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots, especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the United States.", - "sarto": null, "sartorial": "1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work. Our legs skulked under the table as free from sartorial impertinences as those of the noblest savages. Lowell. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to thesartorius muscle.", "sartorially": null, - "sartre": null, - "sase": null, "sash": "A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a girdle, -- worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of societies, etc.\n\nTo adorn with a sash or scarf. Burke.\n\n1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between the panes. 2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a reciprocating motion; - - also called gate. French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; -- in distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.\n\nTo furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a window.", - "sasha": null, "sashay": null, "sashayed": null, "sashaying": null, "sashays": null, "sashes": null, - "sask": null, - "saskatchewan": null, - "saskatoon": null, - "sasquatch": null, - "sasquatches": null, "sass": null, "sassafras": "An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras officinale); also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste. Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras) with aromatic bark and leaves. -- Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ). -- Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean. -- Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See Magnolia.", "sassafrases": null, - "sassanian": null, "sassed": null, "sasses": "A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable. [Obs.] Pepys.", "sassier": null, "sassiest": null, "sassing": null, - "sassoon": null, "sassy": null, "sat": "imp. of Sit. [Written also sate.]", - "satan": "The grand adversary of man; The Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18.", "satanic": "Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal. \"Satanic strength.\" \"Satanic host.\" Milton. Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined. Dr. T. Dwight. -- Sa*tan\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sa*tan\"ic*al*ness, n.", "satanical": "Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal. \"Satanic strength.\" \"Satanic host.\" Milton. Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined. Dr. T. Dwight. -- Sa*tan\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sa*tan\"ic*al*ness, n.", "satanically": null, @@ -67688,10 +59609,6 @@ "saturates": "1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or soaked; to fill fully; to sate. Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of emerald meadow saturated with the moisture of the Atlantic. Macaulay. Fill and saturate each kind With good according to its mind. Emerson. 2. (Chem.) To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold; as, to saturate phosphorus with chlorine.\n\nFilled to repletion; saturated; soaked. Dries his feathers saturate with dew. Cowper. The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of martyrs. Longfellow.", "saturating": null, "saturation": "1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating; complete penetration or impregnation. 2. (Chem.) The act, process, or result of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest extent. 3. (Optics) Freedom from mixture or dilution with white; purity; -- said of colors. Note: The degree of saturation of a color is its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.", - "saturday": "The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday and preceding Sunday.", - "saturdays": "The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday and preceding Sunday.", - "saturn": "1. (Roman Myth.) One of the elder and principal deities, the son of Coelus and Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time. 2. (Astron.) One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites. 3. (Alchem.) The metal lead. [Archaic]", - "saturnalia": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending even to the slaves. 2. Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse, in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.", "saturnine": "1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn. 2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of mercurial; as, a saturnine person or temper. Addison. 3. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called Saturn. [Archaic] Saturnine colic (Med.), lead colic.", "satyr": "1. (Class. Myth.) A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness. Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, From the glad sound would not be absent long. Milton. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidæ. Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on the wings. Called also meadow browns. 3. (Zoöl.) The orangoutang.", "satyriasis": "Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. Quain.", @@ -67710,16 +59627,11 @@ "sauciness": "The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence. Your sauciness will jest upon my love. Shak. Syn. -- Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see Impudence.", "saucing": null, "saucy": "1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as, a saucy fellow. Am I not protector, saucy priest Shak. 2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence; impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy looks. We then have done you bold and sausy wrongs. Shak. Syn. -- Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.", - "saudi": null, - "saudis": null, "sauerkraut": "Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.", - "saul": "Soul. [Obs.]\n\nSame as Sal, the tree.", "sauna": null, "saunaed": null, "saunaing": null, "saunas": null, - "saunders": "See Sandress.", - "saundra": null, "saunter": "To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to loiter. One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in meadows by the side of a stream. Masson. Syn. -- To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.\n\nA sauntering, or a sauntering place. That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town. Young.", "sauntered": null, "sauntering": null, @@ -67729,11 +59641,9 @@ "sauropods": null, "sausage": "1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the prepared intestine of some animal. 2. A saucisson. See Saucisson. Wilhelm.", "sausages": "1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the prepared intestine of some animal. 2. A saucisson. See Saucisson. Wilhelm.", - "saussure": null, "saute": "An assault. [Obs.]\n\np. p. of Sauter. C. Owen.", "sauteed": null, "sauteing": null, - "sauternes": "A white wine made in the district of sauterne, France.", "sautes": "An assault. [Obs.]\n\np. p. of Sauter. C. Owen.", "savable": "capable of, or admitting of, being saved. In the person prayed for there ought to be the great disposition of being in a savable condition. Jer. Taylor.", "savage": "1. Of or pertaining to the forest; remote from human abodes and cultivation; in a state of nature; nature; wild; as, a savage wilderness. 2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as, savage beasts. Cornels, and savage berries of the wood. Dryden. 3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as, savage life; savage manners. What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized without Christianity E. D. Griffin. 4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as, a savage spirit. Syn. -- Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught; uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish; barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless; unmerciful; atrocious. See Ferocious.\n\n1. A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught; uncivilized, or without cultivation of mind or manners. 2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.\n\nTo make savage. [R.] Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf. South", @@ -67747,7 +59657,6 @@ "savagest": null, "savaging": null, "savanna": "A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.] Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods. Dampier. Savanna flower (Bot.), a West Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus Echites. -- Savanna sparrow (Zoöl.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the Eastern United States. -- Savanna wattle (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the genus Citharexylum.", - "savannah": null, "savannas": "A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.] Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods. Dampier. Savanna flower (Bot.), a West Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus Echites. -- Savanna sparrow (Zoöl.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the Eastern United States. -- Savanna wattle (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the genus Citharexylum.", "savant": "A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a person eminent for acquirements.", "savants": "A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a person eminent for acquirements.", @@ -67760,7 +59669,6 @@ "savings": "1. Preserving; rescuing. He is the saving strength of his anointed. Ps. xxviii. 8. 2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal; not lavish or wasteful; economical; as, a saving cook. 3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum expended; incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a saving bargain; the ship has made a saving voyage. 4. Making reservation or exception; as, a saving clause. Note: saving is often used with a noun to form a compound adjective; as, labor-saving, life-saving, etc.\n\nWith the exception of; except; excepting; also, without disrespect to. \"Saving your reverence.\" Shak. \"Saving your presence.\" Burns. None of us put off clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing. Neh. iv. 23. And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. Rev. ii. 17.\n\n1. Something kept from being expended or lost; that which is saved or laid up; as, the savings of years of economy. 2. Exception; reservation. Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty. L'Estrange. Savings bank, a bank in which savings or earnings are deposited and put at interest.", "savior": "1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger. 2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who brings salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.", "saviors": "1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger. 2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who brings salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.", - "savonarola": null, "savor": "1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an orange or a rose; an ill savor. I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. Shak. 2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like. Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of heaven perpetually upon my spirit Baxter. 3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.] \"Beyond my savor.\" Herbert. 4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.] She shall no savor have therein but lite. Chaucer. Syn. -- Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.\n\n1. To have a particular smell or taste; -- with of. 2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the presence or influence; to smack; -- with of. This savors not much of distraction. Shak. I have rejected everything that savors of party. Addison. 3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.] By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring, and feeling. Chaucer.\n\n1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence of. [R.] That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor and pride, impatience and despite. Milton. 3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish; to like; to favor. [R.] Shak.", "savored": null, "savorier": null, @@ -67771,7 +59679,6 @@ "savors": "1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an orange or a rose; an ill savor. I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. Shak. 2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like. Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of heaven perpetually upon my spirit Baxter. 3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.] \"Beyond my savor.\" Herbert. 4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.] She shall no savor have therein but lite. Chaucer. Syn. -- Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.\n\n1. To have a particular smell or taste; -- with of. 2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the presence or influence; to smack; -- with of. This savors not much of distraction. Shak. I have rejected everything that savors of party. Addison. 3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.] By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring, and feeling. Chaucer.\n\n1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence of. [R.] That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor and pride, impatience and despite. Milton. 3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish; to like; to favor. [R.] Shak.", "savory": "Pleasing to the organs of taste or smell. [Written also savoury.] The chewing flocks Had ta'en their supper on the savory herb. Milton.\n\nAn aromatic labiate plant (Satireia hortensis), much used in cooking; -- also called summer savory. [Written also savoury.]", "savoy": "A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major), having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter use.", - "savoyard": "A native or inhabitant of Savoy.", "savoys": "A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major), having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter use.", "savvied": null, "savvier": null, @@ -67799,21 +59706,14 @@ "saxes": null, "saxifrage": "Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. Burnet saxifrage, a European umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga). -- Golden saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, C. Americanum, common in the United States. See also under Golden. -- Meadow saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See under Meadow.", "saxifrages": "Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. Burnet saxifrage, a European umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga). -- Golden saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, C. Americanum, common in the United States. See also under Golden. -- Meadow saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See under Meadow.", - "saxon": "1. (a) One of a nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part of Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries. (b) Also used in the sense of Anglo-Saxon. (c) A native or inhabitant of modern Saxony. 2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon. old Saxon, the saxon of the continent of Europe in the old form of the language, as shown particularly in the \"Heliand\", a metrical narration of the gospel history preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Saxons, their country, or their language. (b) Anglo-Saxon. (c) Of or pertaining to Saxony or its inhabitants. Saxon blue (Dyeing), a deep blue liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid. Brande & C. -- Saxon green (Dyeing), a green color produced by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of Saxon blue.", - "saxons": "1. (a) One of a nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part of Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries. (b) Also used in the sense of Anglo-Saxon. (c) A native or inhabitant of modern Saxony. 2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon. old Saxon, the saxon of the continent of Europe in the old form of the language, as shown particularly in the \"Heliand\", a metrical narration of the gospel history preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Saxons, their country, or their language. (b) Anglo-Saxon. (c) Of or pertaining to Saxony or its inhabitants. Saxon blue (Dyeing), a deep blue liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid. Brande & C. -- Saxon green (Dyeing), a green color produced by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of Saxon blue.", - "saxony": "1. A kind of glossy woolen cloth formerly much used. 2. Saxony yarn, or flannel made of it or similar yarn.", "saxophone": "A wind instrument of brass, containing a reed, and partaking of the qualities both of a brass instrument and of a clarinet.", "saxophones": "A wind instrument of brass, containing a reed, and partaking of the qualities both of a brass instrument and of a clarinet.", "saxophonist": null, "saxophonists": null, "say": "Saw. Chaucer.\n\n1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.] if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes and saus, as if were, of that final benefit. Hooker. Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. Shak. 2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs.] he found a sword of better say. Spenser. 3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.] To give a say at, to attempt. B. Jonson.\n\nTo try; to assay. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\n1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs.] Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord! Shak. 2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs.] His garment neither was of silk nor say. Spenser.\n\n1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to declare; as, he said many wise things. Arise, and say how thou camest here. Shak. 2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to say a lesson. Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what thou hadst to say Shak. After which shall be said or sung the following hymn. Bk. of Com. Prayer. 3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure about; to be determined in mind as to. But what it is, hard is to say. Milton. 4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles. Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble Shak. It is said, or They say, it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or maintain. -- That is to say, that is; in other words; otherwise.\n\nTo speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. To this argument we shall soon have said; for what concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household privacies Milton.\n\nA speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.] He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning snap. L'Estrange. That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous and drear Full on the object of his fear. Sir W. Scott.", - "sayers": "One who says; an utterer. Mr. Curran was something much better than a sayer of smart sayings. Jeffrey.", "saying": "That which is said; a declaration; a statement, especially a proverbial one; an aphorism; a proverb. Many are the sayings of the wise, In ancient and in modern books enrolled. Milton. Syn. -- Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism; apothegm; saw; proverb; byword.", "sayings": "That which is said; a declaration; a statement, especially a proverbial one; an aphorism; a proverb. Many are the sayings of the wise, In ancient and in modern books enrolled. Milton. Syn. -- Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism; apothegm; saw; proverb; byword.", "says": "Saw. Chaucer.\n\n1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.] if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes and saus, as if were, of that final benefit. Hooker. Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. Shak. 2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs.] he found a sword of better say. Spenser. 3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.] To give a say at, to attempt. B. Jonson.\n\nTo try; to assay. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\n1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs.] Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord! Shak. 2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs.] His garment neither was of silk nor say. Spenser.\n\n1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to declare; as, he said many wise things. Arise, and say how thou camest here. Shak. 2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to say a lesson. Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what thou hadst to say Shak. After which shall be said or sung the following hymn. Bk. of Com. Prayer. 3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure about; to be determined in mind as to. But what it is, hard is to say. Milton. 4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles. Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble Shak. It is said, or They say, it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or maintain. -- That is to say, that is; in other words; otherwise.\n\nTo speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. To this argument we shall soon have said; for what concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household privacies Milton.\n\nA speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.] He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning snap. L'Estrange. That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous and drear Full on the object of his fear. Sir W. Scott.", - "sb": null, - "sba": null, - "sc": null, "scab": "1. An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed by the drying up of the discharge from the diseased part. 2. The itch in man; also, the scurvy. [Colloq. or Obs.] 3. The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep. Chaucer. 4. A disease of potatoes producing pits in their surface, caused by a minute fungus (Tiburcinia Scabies). 5. (Founding) A slight iregular protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by the breaking away of a part of the mold. 6. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low] Shak. 7. A nickname for a workman who engages for lower wages than are fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who takes the place of a workman on a strike. [Cant]\n\nTo become covered with a scab; as, the wound scabbed over.", "scabbard": "The case in which the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept; a sheath. Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade. Fairfax. Scabbard fish (Zoöl.), a long, compressed, silver-colored tænioid fish (Lepidopus caudatus, or argyreus), found on the European coasts, and more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called frostfish and considered an excellent food fish.\n\nTo put in a scabbard.", "scabbards": "The case in which the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept; a sheath. Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade. Fairfax. Scabbard fish (Zoöl.), a long, compressed, silver-colored tænioid fish (Lepidopus caudatus, or argyreus), found on the European coasts, and more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called frostfish and considered an excellent food fish.\n\nTo put in a scabbard.", @@ -67834,7 +59734,6 @@ "scag": null, "scagged": null, "scags": null, - "scala": "1. (Surg.) A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus. 2. (Anat.) A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.", "scalability": null, "scalar": "In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude, but not direction; -- distinguished from a vector, which has both magnitude and direction.", "scalars": "In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude, but not direction; -- distinguished from a vector, which has both magnitude and direction.", @@ -67892,9 +59791,6 @@ "scandalous": "1. Giving offense to the conscience or moral feelings; exciting reprobation; calling out condemnation. Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any. Hooker. 2. Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or infamy; opprobrious; as, a scandalous crime or vice. 3. Defamatory; libelous; as, a scandalous story.", "scandalously": "1. In a manner to give offense; shamefully. His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the digmity of his station. Swift. 2. With a disposition to impute immorality or wrong. Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice, Will needs mistake an author into vice. Pope.", "scandals": "1. Offense caused or experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or disgrace. O, what a scandal is it to our crown, That two such noble peers as ye should jar! Shak. [I] have brought scandal To Israel, diffidence of God, and doubt In feeble hearts. Milton. 2. Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure; defamatory talk, uttered heedlessly or maliciously. You must not put another scandal on him. Shak. My known virtue is from scandal free. Dryden. 3. (Equity) Anything alleged in pleading which is impertinent, and is reproachful to any person, or which derogates from the dignity of the court, or is contrary to good manners. Daniell. Syn. -- Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny; opprobrium; reproach; shame; disgrace.\n\n1. To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce; to slander. [R.] I do faws on men and hug them hard And after scandal them. Shak. 2. To scandalize; to offend. [Obs.] Bp. Story. Syn. -- To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate; asperse; vilify; disgarce.", - "scandinavia": null, - "scandinavian": "Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia.", - "scandinavians": "Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia.", "scandium": "A rare metallic element of the boron group, whose existence was predicated under the provisional name ekaboron by means of the periodic law, and subsequently discovered by spectrum analysis in certain rare Scandinavian minerals (euxenite and gadolinite). It has not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc. Atomic weight 44", "scanned": null, "scanner": null, @@ -67929,8 +59825,6 @@ "scar": "1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish; a disfigurement. This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle, scar, or fracture on all its body. T. Burnet. 2. (Bot.) A mark left upon a stem or branch by the fall of a leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed by the separation of its support. See Illust. under Axillary.\n\nTo mark with a scar or scars. Yet I'll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow. Shak. His cheeks were deeply scarred. Macaulay.\n\nTo form a scar.\n\nAn isolated or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare place on the side of a mountain or steep bank of earth. [Written also scaur.] O sweet and far, from cliff and scar, The horns of Elfland faintly blowing. Tennyson.\n\nA marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.", "scarab": "Any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles of the genus Scarabæus, or family Scarabæidæ, especially the sacred, or Egyptian, species (Scarabæus sacer, and S. Egyptiorum).", "scarabs": "Any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles of the genus Scarabæus, or family Scarabæidæ, especially the sacred, or Egyptian, species (Scarabæus sacer, and S. Egyptiorum).", - "scaramouch": "A personage in the old Italian comedy (derived from Spain) characterized by great boastfulness and poltroonery; hence, a person of like characteristics; a buffoon.", - "scarborough": null, "scarce": "1. Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and therefore risen one fifth in value. Locke. The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved. Addison. 2. Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); -- with of. [Obs.] \"A region scarce of prey.\" Milton. 3. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy. [Obs.] \"Too scarce ne too sparing.\" Chaucer. To make one's self scarce, to decamp; to depart. [Slang] Syn. -- Rare; infrequent; deficient. See Rare.\n\n1. With difficulty; hardly; scantly; barely; but just. With a scarce well-lighted flame. Milton. The eldest scarcely five year was of age. Chaucer. Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides. Dryden. He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived who had been sent for my ransom. W. Irwing. 2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.] haucer.", "scarcely": "1. With difficulty; hardly; scantly; barely; but just. With a scarce well-lighted flame. Milton. The eldest scarcely five year was of age. Chaucer. Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides. Dryden. He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived who had been sent for my ransom. W. Irwing. 2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.] haucer.", "scarceness": "The quality or condition of being scarce; smallness of quantity in proportion to the wants or demands; deficiency; lack of plenty; short supply; penury; as, a scarcity of grain; a great scarcity of beauties. Chaucer. A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at Naples. Addison. Praise . . . owes its value to its scarcity. Rambler. The value of an advantage is enhanced by its scarceness. Collier. Syn. -- Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness; rarity; infrequency.", @@ -67961,7 +59855,6 @@ "scariness": null, "scaring": null, "scarlatina": "Scarlet fever. -- Scar`la*ti\"nal, a. -- Scar*lat\"i*nous (# or #), a.", - "scarlatti": null, "scarlet": "A deep bright red tinged with orange or yellow, -- of many tints and shades; a vivid or bright red color. 2. Cloth of a scarlet color. All her household are clothed with scarlet. Prov. xxxi. 21.\n\nOf the color called scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread. Scarlet admiral (Zoöl.), the red admiral. See under Red. -- Scarlet bean (Bot.), a kind of bean (Phaseolus multiflorus) having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner. -- Scarlet fever (Med.), a contagious febrile disease characterized by inflammation of the fauces and a scarlet rash, appearing usually on the second day, and ending in desquamation about the sixth or seventh day. -- Scarlet fish (Zoöl.), the telescope fish; -- so called from its red color. See under Telescope. -- Scarlet ibis (Zoöl.) See under Ibis. -- Scarlet maple (Bot.), the red maple. See Maple. -- Scarlet mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of bright red carnivorous mites found among grass and moss, especially Thombidium holosericeum and allied species. The young are parasitic upon spiders and insects. -- Scarlet oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus coccinea) of the United States; -- so called from the scarlet color of its leaves in autumn. -- Scarlet runner (Bot.), the scarlet bean. -- Scarlet tanager. (Zoöl.) See under Tanager.\n\nTo dye or tinge with scarlet. [R.] The ashy paleness of my cheek Is scarleted in ruddy flakes of wrath. Ford.", "scarp": "A band in the same position as the bend sinister, but only half as broad as the latter.\n\n1. (Fort.) The slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the escarp. 2. A steep descent or declivity.\n\nTo cut down perpendicularly, or nearly so; as, to scarp the face of a ditch or a rock. From scarped cliff and quarried stone. Tennyson. Sweep ruins from the scarped mountain. Emerson.", "scarped": null, @@ -68018,16 +59911,12 @@ "scepters": "1. A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. And the king held out Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand. Esther v. 2. 2. Hence, royal or imperial power or authority; sovereignty; as, to assume the scepter. The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shilon come. Gen. xlix. 10.\n\nTo endow with the scepter, or emblem of authority; to invest with royal authority. To Britain's queen the sceptered suppliant bends. Tickell.", "sch": null, "schadenfreude": null, - "scheat": null, - "schedar": null, "schedule": "A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc. Syn. -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.\n\nTo form into, or place in, a schedule. SCHEELE'S GREEN Scheele's\" green`. Etym: [See Scheelite.] (Chem.) See under Green.", "scheduled": null, "scheduler": null, "schedulers": null, "schedules": "A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc. Syn. -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.\n\nTo form into, or place in, a schedule. SCHEELE'S GREEN Scheele's\" green`. Etym: [See Scheelite.] (Chem.) See under Green.", "scheduling": null, - "scheherazade": null, - "schelling": null, "schema": "An outline or image universally applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind; as, five dots in a line are a schema of the number five; a preceding and succeeding event are a schema of cause and effect.", "schemata": null, "schematic": "Of or pertaining to a scheme or a schema.", @@ -68043,15 +59932,10 @@ "schemers": "One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer. Schemers and confederates in guilt. Paley.", "schemes": "1. A combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a system. The appearance and outward scheme of things. Locke. Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity. Atterbury. Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards. The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life. Macaulay. 2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a project; as, to form a scheme. The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cuttig off our feet when we want shoes. Swift. 3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an outline. To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France. South. 4. (Astrol.) A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment o at a given event. A blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device; plot. -- Scheme, Plan. Scheme and plan are subordinate to design; they propose modes of carrying our designs into effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two, and lies more in speculation. A plan is drawn out into details with a view to being carried into effect. As schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary; hence the opprobrious use of the words schemer and scheming. Plans, being more practical, are more frequently carried into effect. He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief; 'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to death. Rowe. Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours; I founded palaces, and planted bowers. prior.\n\nTo make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot. That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his destruction. G. Stuart.\n\nTo form a scheme or schemes.", "scheming": "Given to forming schemes; artful; intriguing. -- Schem\"ing*ly, adv.", - "schenectady": null, "scherzo": "A playful, humorous movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a symphony.", "scherzos": "A playful, humorous movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a symphony.", - "schiaparelli": null, - "schick": null, - "schiller": "The peculiar bronzelike luster observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, schiller spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute inclusions in parallel position, and in sometimes of secondary origin. Schiller spar (Min.), an altered variety of enstatite, exhibiting, in certain positions, a bronzelike luster.", "schilling": "Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about five cents.", "schillings": "Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about five cents.", - "schindler": null, "schism": "Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.), permanent division or separation in the Christian church; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense of seeking to produce division in a church without justifiable cause. Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity. Eikon Basilike. Greek schism (Eccl.), the separation of the Greek and Roman churches. -- Great schism, or Western schism (Eccl.) a schism in the church in the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival claimants to the papal throne. -- Schism act (Law), an act of the English Parliament requiring all teachers to conform to the Established Church, -- passed in 1714, repealed in 1719.", "schismatic": "Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions or proposals.\n\nOne who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an established church or religious communion on account of a difference of opinion. \"They were popularly classed together as canting schismatics.\" Macaulay. Syn. -- Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.", "schismatics": "Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions or proposals.\n\nOne who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an established church or religious communion on account of a difference of opinion. \"They were popularly classed together as canting schismatics.\" Macaulay. Syn. -- Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.", @@ -68071,16 +59955,11 @@ "schlepped": null, "schlepping": null, "schleps": null, - "schlesinger": null, - "schliemann": null, - "schlitz": null, "schlock": null, - "schloss": null, "schmaltz": null, "schmaltzier": null, "schmaltziest": null, "schmaltzy": null, - "schmidt": null, "schmo": null, "schmoes": null, "schmooze": null, @@ -68091,11 +59970,9 @@ "schmoozing": null, "schmuck": null, "schmucks": null, - "schnabel": null, "schnapps": "Holland gin. [U.S.]", "schnauzer": null, "schnauzers": null, - "schneider": null, "schnitzel": null, "schnitzels": null, "schnook": null, @@ -68104,7 +59981,6 @@ "schnozes": null, "schnozzle": null, "schnozzles": null, - "schoenberg": null, "scholar": "1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a student. I am no breeching scholar in the schools. Shak. 2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person; one versed in many branches, of knowledge; a person of high literary or scientific attainments; a savant. Shak. Locke. 3. A man of books. Bacon. 4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in part from its revenues. Syn. -- Pupil; learner; disciple. -- Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to the instruction, and pupil to the care and government, of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an obedient pupil.", "scholarly": "Like a scholar, or learned person; showing the qualities of a scholar; as, a scholarly essay or critique. -- adv. In a scholarly manner.", "scholars": "1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a student. I am no breeching scholar in the schools. Shak. 2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person; one versed in many branches, of knowledge; a person of high literary or scientific attainments; a savant. Shak. Locke. 3. A man of books. Bacon. 4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in part from its revenues. Syn. -- Pupil; learner; disciple. -- Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to the instruction, and pupil to the care and government, of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an obedient pupil.", @@ -68152,32 +60028,14 @@ "schoolyards": null, "schooner": "Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840, longer vesels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners, four-masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Note: The fist schooner ever constructed is said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,\"O, how she scoons!\" Robinson replied, \" A scooner let her be;\" and, from that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New England records, the word appears to have been originally written scooner. Babson, in his \"History of Gloucester,\" gives the following extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New England: \"This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of schooners, and built the first of that sort about eight years since.\"\n\nA large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale. [U.S.]", "schooners": "Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840, longer vesels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners, four-masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Note: The fist schooner ever constructed is said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,\"O, how she scoons!\" Robinson replied, \" A scooner let her be;\" and, from that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New England records, the word appears to have been originally written scooner. Babson, in his \"History of Gloucester,\" gives the following extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New England: \"This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of schooners, and built the first of that sort about eight years since.\"\n\nA large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale. [U.S.]", - "schopenhauer": null, - "schrieffer": null, - "schrodinger": null, - "schroeder": null, - "schubert": null, - "schultz": null, - "schulz": null, - "schumann": null, - "schumpeter": null, "schuss": null, "schussboomer": null, "schussboomers": null, "schussed": null, "schusses": null, "schussing": null, - "schuyler": null, - "schuylkill": null, "schwa": null, - "schwartz": null, - "schwarzenegger": null, - "schwarzkopf": null, "schwas": null, - "schweitzer": null, - "schweppes": null, - "schwinger": null, - "schwinn": null, "sci": null, "sciatic": "Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic pains.\n\nSciatica.", "sciatica": "Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thing, or in the leg or foot, following the course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and the parts adjoininhg. See Ischiadic passion, under Ischiadic.", @@ -68187,9 +60045,6 @@ "scientifically": "In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of science. It is easier to believe than to be scientifically instructed. Locke.", "scientist": "One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent] Note: Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist, though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).", "scientists": "One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent] Note: Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist, though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).", - "scientologist": null, - "scientologists": null, - "scientology": null, "scimitar": "1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [Written also cimeter, and scymetar.] 2. A long-handled billhook. See Billhook. Scimiter pods (Bot.), the immense curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant (Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into boxes.", "scimitars": "1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [Written also cimeter, and scymetar.] 2. A long-handled billhook. See Billhook. Scimiter pods (Bot.), the immense curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant (Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into boxes.", "scintilla": "A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. R. North.", @@ -68201,7 +60056,6 @@ "scintillation": "1. The act of scintillating. 2. A spark of flash emitted in scintillating. These scintillations are . . . the inflammable effluences discharged from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.", "scion": "1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker. (b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and cyon.] 2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.", "scions": "1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker. (b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and cyon.] 2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.", - "scipio": null, "scissor": "To cut with scissors or shears; to prepare with the aid of scissors. Massinger.", "scissored": null, "scissoring": null, @@ -68273,34 +60127,13 @@ "scornfully": null, "scorning": null, "scorns": "1. Extreme and lofty contempt; haughty disregard; that disdain which aprings from the opinion of the utter meanness and unworthiness of an object. Scorn at first makes after love the more. Shak. And wandered backward as in scorn, To wait an æon to be born. Emerson. 2. An act or expression of extreme contempt. Every sullen frown and bitter scorn But fanned the fuel that too fast did burn. Dryden. 3. An object of extreme disdain, contempt, or derision. Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us. Ps. xliv. 13. To think scorn, to regard as worthy of scorn or contempt; to disdain. \"He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone.\" Esther iii. 6. -- To laugh to scorn, to deride; to make a mock of; to redicule as contemptible. Syn. -- Contempt; disdain; derision; contumely; despite; slight; dishonor; mockery.\n\n1. To hold in extreme contempt; to reject as unworthy of regard; to despise; to contemn; to disdain. I scorn thy meat; 't would choke me. Shak. This my long sufference, and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste. Milton. We scorn what is in itself contemptible or disgraceful. C. J. Smith. 2. To treat with extreme contempt; to make the object of insult; to mock; to scoff at; to deride. His fellow, that lay by his bed's side, Gan for to laugh, and scorned him full fast. Chaucer. To taunt and scorn you thus opprobriously. Shak. Syn. -- To contemn; despise; disdain. See Contemn.\n\nTo scoff; to act disdainfully. He said mine eyes were black and my hair black, And, now I remembered, scorned at me. Shak.", - "scorpio": "1. (Zoöl.) A scorpion. 2. (Astron.) (a) The eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the twenty-third day of October, marked thus [scorpio] in almanacs. (b) A constellation of the zodiac containing the bright star Antares. It is drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a scorpion.", "scorpion": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of pulmonate arachnids of the order scorpiones, having a suctorial mouth, large claw-bearing palpi, and a caudal sting. Note: Scorpions have a flattened body, and a long, slender post- abdomen formed of six movable segments, the last of which terminates in a curved venomous sting. The venom causes great pain, but is unattended either with redness or swelling, except in the axillary or inguinal glands, when an extremity is affected. It is seldom if ever destructive of life. Scorpions are found widely dispersed in the warm climates of both the Old and New Worlds. 2. (Zoöl.) The pine or gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). [Local, U.S.] 3. (Zoöl.) the scorpene. 4. (Script.) A painful scourge. My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 1 Kings xii. 11. 5. (Astron.) A sign and constellation. See Scorpio. 6. (Antiq.) An ancient military engine for hurling stones and other missiles. Book scorpion. (Zoöl.) See under Book. -- False scorpion. (Zoöl.) See under False, and Book scorpion. -- Scorpion bug, or Water scorpion (Zoöl.) See Nepa. -- Scorpion fly (Zoöl.), a neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa. See Panorpid. -- Scorpion grass (Bot.), a plant of the genus Myosotis. M. palustris is the forget-me-not. -- Sorpion senna (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous shrub (Coronilla Emerus) having a slender joined pod, like a scorpion's tail. The leaves are said to yield a dye like indigo, and to be used sometimes to adulterate senna. -- Scorpion shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See Pteroceras. -- Scorpion spiders. (Zoöl.), any one of the Pedipalpi. -- Scorpion's tail (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus Scorpiurus, herbs with a circinately coiled pod; -- also called caterpillar. -- Scorpion's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Genista Scorpius) of Southern Europe. -- The Scorpion's Heart (Astron.), the star Antares in the constellation Scorpio.", "scorpions": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of pulmonate arachnids of the order scorpiones, having a suctorial mouth, large claw-bearing palpi, and a caudal sting. Note: Scorpions have a flattened body, and a long, slender post- abdomen formed of six movable segments, the last of which terminates in a curved venomous sting. The venom causes great pain, but is unattended either with redness or swelling, except in the axillary or inguinal glands, when an extremity is affected. It is seldom if ever destructive of life. Scorpions are found widely dispersed in the warm climates of both the Old and New Worlds. 2. (Zoöl.) The pine or gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). [Local, U.S.] 3. (Zoöl.) the scorpene. 4. (Script.) A painful scourge. My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 1 Kings xii. 11. 5. (Astron.) A sign and constellation. See Scorpio. 6. (Antiq.) An ancient military engine for hurling stones and other missiles. Book scorpion. (Zoöl.) See under Book. -- False scorpion. (Zoöl.) See under False, and Book scorpion. -- Scorpion bug, or Water scorpion (Zoöl.) See Nepa. -- Scorpion fly (Zoöl.), a neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa. See Panorpid. -- Scorpion grass (Bot.), a plant of the genus Myosotis. M. palustris is the forget-me-not. -- Sorpion senna (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous shrub (Coronilla Emerus) having a slender joined pod, like a scorpion's tail. The leaves are said to yield a dye like indigo, and to be used sometimes to adulterate senna. -- Scorpion shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See Pteroceras. -- Scorpion spiders. (Zoöl.), any one of the Pedipalpi. -- Scorpion's tail (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus Scorpiurus, herbs with a circinately coiled pod; -- also called caterpillar. -- Scorpion's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Genista Scorpius) of Southern Europe. -- The Scorpion's Heart (Astron.), the star Antares in the constellation Scorpio.", - "scorpios": "1. (Zoöl.) A scorpion. 2. (Astron.) (a) The eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the twenty-third day of October, marked thus [scorpio] in almanacs. (b) A constellation of the zodiac containing the bright star Antares. It is drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a scorpion.", - "scorpius": null, - "scorsese": null, - "scot": "A name for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scotsman, or Scotchman.\n\nA portion of money assessed or paid; a tax or contribution; a mulct; a fine; a shot. Scot and lot, formerly, a parish assessment laid on subjects according to their ability. [Eng.] Cowell. Now, a phrase for obligations of every kind regarded collectivelly. Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to pay scot and lot as they go along. Emerson.", "scotch": "Of or pertaining to Scotland, its language, or its inhabitants; Scottish. Scotch broom (Bot.), the Cytisus scoparius. See Broom. -- Scotch dipper, or Scotch duck (Zoöl.), the bufflehead; -- called also Scotch teal, and Scotchman. -- Scotch fiddle, the itch. [Low] Sir W. Scott. -- Scotch mist, a coarse, dense mist, like fine rain. -- Scotch nightingale (Zoöl.), the sedge warbler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Scotch pebble. See under pebble. -- Scotch pine (Bot.) See Riga fir. -- Scotch thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Onopordon acanthium); -- so called from its being the national emblem of the Scotch.\n\n1. The dialect or dialects of English spoken by the people of Scotland. 2. Collectively, the people of Scotland.\n\nTo shoulder up; to prop or block with a wedge, chock, etc., as a wheel, to prevent its rolling or slipping.\n\nA chock, wedge, prop, or other support, to prevent slipping; as, a scotch for a wheel or a log on inclined ground.\n\nTo cut superficially; to wound; to score. We have scotched the snake, not killed it. Shak. Scotched collops (Cookery), a dish made of pieces of beef or veal cut thin, or minced, beaten flat, and stewed with onion and other condiments; -- called also Scotch collops. [Written also scotcht collops.]\n\nA slight cut or incision; a score. Walton.", "scotched": null, "scotches": null, "scotching": "Dressing stone with a pick or pointed instrument.", - "scotchman": "1. A native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scot; a Scotsman. 2. (Naut.) A piece of wood or stiff hide placed over shrouds and other rigging to prevent chafe by the running gear. Ham. Nav. Encyc.", - "scotchmen": null, "scotchs": "Of or pertaining to Scotland, its language, or its inhabitants; Scottish. Scotch broom (Bot.), the Cytisus scoparius. See Broom. -- Scotch dipper, or Scotch duck (Zoöl.), the bufflehead; -- called also Scotch teal, and Scotchman. -- Scotch fiddle, the itch. [Low] Sir W. Scott. -- Scotch mist, a coarse, dense mist, like fine rain. -- Scotch nightingale (Zoöl.), the sedge warbler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Scotch pebble. See under pebble. -- Scotch pine (Bot.) See Riga fir. -- Scotch thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Onopordon acanthium); -- so called from its being the national emblem of the Scotch.\n\n1. The dialect or dialects of English spoken by the people of Scotland. 2. Collectively, the people of Scotland.\n\nTo shoulder up; to prop or block with a wedge, chock, etc., as a wheel, to prevent its rolling or slipping.\n\nA chock, wedge, prop, or other support, to prevent slipping; as, a scotch for a wheel or a log on inclined ground.\n\nTo cut superficially; to wound; to score. We have scotched the snake, not killed it. Shak. Scotched collops (Cookery), a dish made of pieces of beef or veal cut thin, or minced, beaten flat, and stewed with onion and other condiments; -- called also Scotch collops. [Written also scotcht collops.]\n\nA slight cut or incision; a score. Walton.", - "scotchwoman": null, - "scotchwomen": null, - "scotia": "A concave molding used especially in classical architecture.\n\nScotland [Poetic] O Scotia! my dear, my native soil! Burns.", - "scotland": null, - "scots": "Of or pertaining to the Scotch; Scotch; Scottish; as, Scots law; a pound Scots (1s. 8d.).", - "scotsman": "See Scotchman.", - "scotsmen": null, - "scotswoman": null, - "scotswomen": null, - "scott": null, - "scottie": null, - "scotties": null, - "scottish": "Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, their country, or their language; as, Scottish industry or economy; a Scottish chief; a Scottish dialect.", - "scottsdale": null, "scoundrel": "A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a man without honor or virtue. Go, if your ancient, but ignoble blood Has crept through soundrels ever since the flood. Pope.\n\nLow; base; mean; unprincipled.", "scoundrels": "A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a man without honor or virtue. Go, if your ancient, but ignoble blood Has crept through soundrels ever since the flood. Pope.\n\nLow; base; mean; unprincipled.", "scour": "1. To rub hard with something rough, as sand or Bristol brick, especially for the purpose of cleaning; to clean by friction; to make clean or bright; to cleanse from grease, dirt, etc., as articles of dress. 2. To purge; as, to scour a horse. 3. To remove by rubbing or cleansing; to sweep along or off; to carry away or remove, as by a current of water; -- often with off or away. [I will] stain my favors in a bloody mask, Which, washed away, shall scour my shame with it. Shak. 4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word; cf. OF. escorre, escourre, It. scorrere, both fr. L. excurrere to run forth. Cf. Excursion.] To pass swiftly over; to brush along; to traverse or search thoroughly; as, to scour the coast. Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain. Pope. Scouring barrel, a tumbling barrel. See under Tumbling. -- Scouring cinder (Metal.), a basic slag, which attacks the lining of a shaft furnace. Raymond. -- Scouring rush. (Bot.) See Dutch rush, under Dutch. -- Scouring stock (Woolen Manuf.), a kind of fulling mill.\n\n1. To clean anything by rubbing. Shak. 2. To cleanse anything. Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth better. Bacon. 3. To be purged freely; to have a diarrhoea. 4. To run swiftly; to rove or range in pursuit or search of something; to scamper. So four fierce coursers, starting to the race, Scour through the plain, and lengthen every pace. Dryden.\n\nDiarrhoea or dysentery among cattle.", @@ -68351,7 +60184,6 @@ "scrammed": null, "scramming": null, "scrams": null, - "scranton": null, "scrap": "1. Something scraped off; hence, a small piece; a bit; a fragment; a detached, incomplete portion. I have no materials -- not a scrap. De Quincey. 2. Specifically, a fragment of something written or printed; a brief excerpt; an unconnected extract. 3. pl. The crisp substance that remains after trying out animal fat; as, pork scraps. 4. pl. Same as Scrap iron, below. Scrap forgings, forgings made from wrought iron scrap. -- Scrap iron. (a) Cuttings and waste pieces of wrought iron from which bar iron or forgings can be made; -- called also wrought-iron scrap. (b) Fragments of cast iron or defective castings suitable for remelting in the foundry; -- called also founding scrap, or cast scrap.", "scrapbook": "A blank book in which extracts cut from books and papers may be pasted and kept.", "scrapbooks": "A blank book in which extracts cut from books and papers may be pasted and kept.", @@ -68443,7 +60275,6 @@ "screwworm": null, "screwworms": null, "screwy": null, - "scriabin": null, "scribal": null, "scribble": "To card coarsely; to run through the scribling machine.\n\n1. To write hastily or carelessly, without regard to correctness or elegance; as, to scribble a letter. 2. To fill or cover with careless or worthless writing.\n\nTo write without care, elegance, or value; to scrawl. If Mævius scribble in Apollo's spite. Pope.\n\nHasty or careless writing; a writing of little value; a scrawl; as, a hasty scribble. Boyle. Neither did I but vacant seasons spend In this my scribble. Bunyan.", "scribbled": null, @@ -68453,7 +60284,6 @@ "scribbling": "The act or process of carding coarsely. Scribbing machine, the machine used for the first carding of wool or other fiber; -- called also scribbler.\n\nWriting hastily or poorly. Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling folks! Goldsmith.\n\nThe act of writing hastily or idly.", "scribe": "1. One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another; especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or secretary; a notary; a copyist. 2. (Jewish Hist.) A writer and doctor of the law; one skilled in the law and traditions; one who read and explained the law to the people.\n\n1. To write, engrave, or mark upon; to inscribe. Spenser. 2. (Carp.) To cut (anything) in such a way as to fit closely to a somewhat irregular surface, as a baseboard to a floor which is out of level, a board to the curves of a molding, or the like; -- so called because the workman marks, or scribe, with the compasses the line that he afterwards cuts. 3. To score or mark with compasses or a scribing iron. Scribing iron, an iron-pointed instrument for scribing, or marking, casks and logs.\n\nTo make a mark. With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers scribe around the edge of the templet. A. M. Mayer.", "scribes": "1. One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another; especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or secretary; a notary; a copyist. 2. (Jewish Hist.) A writer and doctor of the law; one skilled in the law and traditions; one who read and explained the law to the people.\n\n1. To write, engrave, or mark upon; to inscribe. Spenser. 2. (Carp.) To cut (anything) in such a way as to fit closely to a somewhat irregular surface, as a baseboard to a floor which is out of level, a board to the curves of a molding, or the like; -- so called because the workman marks, or scribe, with the compasses the line that he afterwards cuts. 3. To score or mark with compasses or a scribing iron. Scribing iron, an iron-pointed instrument for scribing, or marking, casks and logs.\n\nTo make a mark. With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers scribe around the edge of the templet. A. M. Mayer.", - "scribner": null, "scrim": "1. A kind of light cotton or linen fabric, often woven in openwork patterns, -- used for curtains, etc,; -- called also India scrim. 2. pl. Thin canvas glued on the inside of panels to prevent shrinking, checking, etc.", "scrimmage": "1. Formerly, a skirmish; now, a general row or confused fight or struggle. 2. (Football) The struggle in the rush lines after the ball is put in play.", "scrimmaged": null, @@ -68520,7 +60350,6 @@ "scruffiness": null, "scruffs": "Scurf. [Obs.]\n\nThe nape of the neck; the loose outside skin, as of the back of the neck.", "scruffy": null, - "scruggs": null, "scrum": null, "scrumhalf": null, "scrumhalves": null, @@ -68557,7 +60386,6 @@ "scrutinizes": "To examine closely; to inspect or observe with critical attention; to regard narrowly; as, to scrutinize the measures of administration; to scrutinize the conduct or motives of individuals. Whose votes they were obliged to scrutinize. Ayliffe. Thscrutinized his face the closest. G. W. Cable.\n\nTo make scrutiny.", "scrutinizing": null, "scrutiny": "1. Close examination; minute inspection; critical observation. They that have designed exactness and deep scrutiny have taken some one part of nature. Sir M. Hale. Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view And narrower scrutiny. Milton. 2. (Anc. Church) An examination of catechumens, in the last week of Lent, who were to receive baptism on Easter Day. 3. (Canon Law) A ticket, or little paper billet, on which a vote is written. 4. (Parliamentary Practice) An examination by a committee of the votes given at an election, for the purpose of correcting the poll. Brande & C.\n\nTo scrutinize. [Obs.]", - "scsi": null, "scuba": null, "scubaed": null, "scubaing": null, @@ -68580,7 +60408,6 @@ "sculleries": null, "scullers": "1. A boat rowed by one man with two sculls, or short oars. [R.] Dryden. 2. One who sculls.", "scullery": "1. A place where dishes, kettles, and culinary utensils, are cleaned and kept; also, a room attached to the kitchen, where the coarse work is done; a back kitchen. 2. Hence, refuse; fifth; offal. [Obs.] auden.", - "sculley": null, "sculling": null, "scullion": "A scalion.\n\nA servant who cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen. The meanest scullion that followed his camp. South.", "scullions": "A scalion.\n\nA servant who cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen. The meanest scullion that followed his camp. South.", @@ -68635,16 +60462,10 @@ "scuzzier": null, "scuzziest": null, "scuzzy": null, - "scylla": "A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirpool Charybdis on the coast of Sicily, -- both personified in classical literature as ravenous monsters. The passage between them was formerly considered perilous; hence, the saying \"Between Scylla and Charybdis,\" signifying a great peril on either hand.", "scythe": "1. An instrument for mowing grass, grain, or the like, by hand, composed of a long, curving blade, with a sharp edge, made fast to a long handle, called a snath, which is bent into a form convenient for use. The sharp-edged scythe shears up the spiring grass. Dryden. The scythe of Time mows down. Milton. 2. (Antiq.) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.\n\nTo cut with a scythe; to cut off as with a scythe; to mow. [Obs.] Time had not scythed all that youth begun. Shak.", "scythed": "Armed scythes, as a chariot. Chariots scythed, On thundering axles rolled. Glover.", "scythes": "1. An instrument for mowing grass, grain, or the like, by hand, composed of a long, curving blade, with a sharp edge, made fast to a long handle, called a snath, which is bent into a form convenient for use. The sharp-edged scythe shears up the spiring grass. Dryden. The scythe of Time mows down. Milton. 2. (Antiq.) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.\n\nTo cut with a scythe; to cut off as with a scythe; to mow. [Obs.] Time had not scythed all that youth begun. Shak.", - "scythia": null, - "scythian": "Of or pertaining to Scythia (a name given to the northern part of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia), or its language or inhabitants. Scythian lamb. (Bot.) See Barometz.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Scythia; specifically (Ethnol.), one of a Slavonic race which in early times occupied Eastern Europe. 2. The language of the Scythians.", "scything": null, - "sd": null, - "sdi": null, - "se": null, "sea": "1. One of the larger bodies of salt water, less than an ocean, found on the earth's surface; a body of salt water of second rank, generally forming part of, or connecting with, an ocean or a larger sea; as, the Mediterranean Sea; the Sea of Marmora; the North Sea; the Carribean Sea. 2. An inland body of water, esp. if large or if salt or brackish; as, the Caspian Sea; the Sea of Aral; sometimes, a small fresh-water lake; as, the Sea of Galilee. 3. The ocean; the whole body of the salt water which covers a large part of the globe. I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. Shak. Ambiguous between sea and land The river horse and scaly crocodile. Milton. 4. The swell of the ocean or other body of water in a high wind; motion of the water's surface; also, a single wave; a billow; as, there was a high sea after the storm; the vessel shipped a sea. 5. (Jewish Antiq.) A great brazen laver in the temple at Jerusalem; -- so called from its size. He made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof. 2 Chron. iv. 2. 6. Fig.: Anything resembling the sea in vastness; as, a sea of glory. Shak. All the space . . . was one sea of heads. Macaulay. Note: Sea is often used in the composition of words of obvious signification; as, sea-bathed, sea-beaten, sea-bound, sea-bred, sea- circled, sealike, sea-nursed, sea-tossed, sea-walled, sea-worn, and the like. It is also used either adjectively or in combination with substantives; as, sea bird, sea-bird, or seabird, sea acorn, or sea- acorn. At sea, upon the ocean; away from land; figuratively, without landmarks for guidance; lost; at the mercy of circumstances. \"To say the old man was at sea would be too feeble an expression.\" G. W. Cable -- At full sea at the height of flood tide; hence, at the height. \"But now God's mercy was at full sea.\" Jer. Taylor. -- Beyond seas, or Beyond the sea or the seas (Law), out of the state, territory, realm, or country. Wharton. -- Half seas over, half drunk. [Colloq.] Spectator. -- Heavy sea, a sea in which the waves run high. -- Long sea, a sea characterized by the uniform and steady motion of long and extensive waves. -- Short sea, a sea in which the waves are short, broken, and irregular, so as to produce a tumbling or jerking motion. -- To go to sea, a adopt the calling or occupation of a sailor.", "seabed": null, "seabeds": null, @@ -68652,7 +60473,6 @@ "seabirds": null, "seaboard": "The seashore; seacoast. Ld. Berners.\n\nBordering upon, or being near, the sea; seaside; seacoast; as, a seaboard town.\n\nToward the sea. [R.]", "seaboards": "The seashore; seacoast. Ld. Berners.\n\nBordering upon, or being near, the sea; seaside; seacoast; as, a seaboard town.\n\nToward the sea. [R.]", - "seaborg": null, "seaborne": null, "seacoast": "The shore or border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean. Also used adjectively.", "seacoasts": "The shore or border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean. Also used adjectively.", @@ -68665,7 +60485,6 @@ "seafront": null, "seafronts": null, "seagoing": "Going upon the sea; especially, sailing upon the deep sea; -- used in distinction from coasting or river, as applied to vessels.", - "seagram": null, "seagull": null, "seagulls": null, "seahorse": null, @@ -68695,7 +60514,6 @@ "seamstress": "A woman whose occupation is sewing; a needlewoman.", "seamstresses": null, "seamy": "Having a seam; containing seams, or showing them. \"Many a seamy scar.\" Burns. Everything has its fair, as well as its seamy, side. Sir W. Scott.", - "sean": "A seine. See Seine. [Prov. Eng.]", "seance": "A session, as of some public body; especially, a meeting of spiritualists to receive spirit communication, so called.", "seances": "A session, as of some public body; especially, a meeting of spiritualists to receive spirit communication, so called.", "seaplane": null, @@ -68743,9 +60561,7 @@ "seating": "1. The act of providong with a seat or seats; as, the seating of an audience. 2. The act of making seats; also, the material for making seats; as, cane seating.", "seatmate": null, "seatmates": null, - "seato": null, "seats": "1. The place or thing upon which one sits; hence; anything made to be sat in or upon, as a chair, bench, stool, saddle, or the like. And Jesus . . . overthrew the tables of the money changers, and the seats of them that sold doves. Matt. xxi. 12. 2. The place occupied by anything, or where any person or thing is situated, resides, or abides; a site; an abode, a station; a post; a situation. Where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is. Rev. ii. 13. He that builds a fair house upon an ill seat committeth himself to prison. Bacon. A seat of plenty, content, and tranquillity. Macaulay. 3. That part of a thing on which a person sits; as, the seat of a chair or saddle; the seat of a pair of pantaloons. 4. A sitting; a right to sit; regular or appropriate place of sitting; as, a seat in a church; a seat for the season in the opera house. 5. Posture, or way of sitting, on horseback. She had so good a seat and hand she might be trusted with any mount. G. Eliot. 6. (Mach.) A part or surface on which another part or surface rests; as, a valve seat. Seat worm (Zoöl.), the pinworm.\n\n1. To place on a seat; to cause to sit down; as, to seat one's self. The guests were no sooner seated but they entered into a warm debate. Arbuthnot. 2. To cause to occupy a post, site, situation, or the like; to station; to establish; to fix; to settle. Thus high . . . is King Richard seated. Shak. They had seated themselves in New Guiana. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. To assign a seat to, or the seats of; to give a sitting to; as, to seat a church, or persons in a church. 4. To fix; to set firm. From their foundations, loosening to and fro, They plucked the seated hills. Milton. 5. To settle; to plant with inhabitants; as to seat a country. [Obs.] W. Stith. 6. To put a seat or bottom in; as, to seat a chair.\n\nTo rest; to lie down. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "seattle": null, "seawall": null, "seawalls": null, "seaward": "Directed or situated toward the sea. Donne. Two still clouds . . . sparkled on their seaward edges like a frosted fleece. G. W. Cable.\n\nToward the sea. Drayton.", @@ -68758,9 +60574,7 @@ "seaworthiness": "The state or quality of being seaworthy, or able to resist the ordinary violence of wind and weather. Kent.", "seaworthy": "Fit for a voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo with safety; as, a seaworthy ship.", "sebaceous": "Pertaining to, or secreting, fat; composed of fat; having the appearance of fat; as, the sebaceous secretions of some plants, or the sebaceous humor of animals. Sebaceous cyst (Med.), a cyst formed by distention of a sebaceous gland, due to obstruction of its excretory duct. -- Sebaceous glands (Anat.), small subcutaneous glands, usually connected with hair follicles. They secrete an oily semifluid matter, composed in great part of fat, which softens and lubricates the hair and skin.", - "sebastian": null, "seborrhea": "A morbidly increased discharge of sebaceous matter upon the skin; stearrhea.", - "sebring": null, "sebum": null, "sec": null, "secant": "Cutting; divivding into two parts; as, a secant line.\n\n1. (Geom.) A line that cuts another; especially, a straight line cutting a curve in two or more points. 2. (Trig.) A right line drawn from the center of a circle through one end of a circular arc, and terminated by a tangent drawn from the other end; the number expressing the ratio line of this line to the radius of the circle. See Trigonometrical function, under Function.", @@ -68779,7 +60593,6 @@ "secluding": null, "seclusion": "The act of secluding, or the state of being secluded; separation from society or connection; a withdrawing; privacy; as, to live in seclusion. O blest seclusion from a jarring world, which he, thus occupied, enjoys! Cowper. Syn. -- Solitude; separation; withdrawment; retirement; privacy. See Solitude.", "seclusive": "Tending to seclude; keeping in seclusion; secluding; sequestering.", - "seconal": null, "second": "1. Immediately following the first; next to the first in order of place or time; hence, occuring again; another; other. And he slept and dreamed the second time. Gen. xli. 5. 2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence, dignity, or rank; secondary; subordinate; inferior. May the day when we become the second people upon earth . . . be the day of our utter extirpation. Landor. 3. Being of the same kind as another that has preceded; another, like a protype; as, a second Cato; a second Troy; a second deluge. A Daniel, still say I, a second Daniel! Shak. Second Adventist. See Adventist. -- Second cousin, the child of a cousin. -- Second-cut file. See under File. -- Second distance (Art), that part of a picture between the foreground and the background; -- called also middle ground, or middle distance. [R.] -- Second estate (Eng.), the House of Peers. -- Second girl, a female house-servant who does the lighter work, as chamber work or waiting on table. -- Second intention. See under Intention. -- Second story, Story floor, in America, the second range of rooms from the street level. This, in England, is called the first floor, the one beneath being the ground floor. -- Second thought or thoughts, consideration of a matter following a first impulse or impression; reconsideration. On second thoughts, gentlemen, I don't wish you had known him. Dickens.\n\n1. One who, or that which, follows, or comes after; one next and inferior in place, time, rank, importance, excellence, or power. Man an angel's second, nor his second long. Young. 2. One who follows or attends another for his support and aid; a backer; an assistant; specifically, one who acts as another's aid in a duel. Being sure enough of seconds after the first onset. Sir H. Wotton. 3. Aid; assistance; help. [Obs.] Give second, and my love Is everlasting thine. J. Fletcher. 4. pl. An article of merchandise of a grade inferior to the best; esp., a coarse or inferior kind of flour. 5. Etym: [F. seconde. See Second, a.] The sixtieth part of a minute of time or of a minute of space, that is, the second regular subdivision of the degree; as, sound moves about 1,140 English feet in a second; five minutes and ten seconds north of this place. 6. In the duodecimal system of mensuration, the twelfth part of an inch or prime; a line. See Inch, and Prime, n., 8. 7. (Mus.) (a) The interval between any tone and the tone which is represented on the degree of the staff next above it. (b) The second part in a concerted piece; -- often popularly applied to the alto. Second hand, the hand which marks the seconds on the dial of a watch or a clock.\n\n1. To follow in the next place; to succeed; to alternate. [R.] In the method of nature, a low valley is immediately seconded with an ambitious hill. Fuller. Sin is seconded with sin. South. 2. To follow or attend for the purpose of assisting; to support; to back; to act as the second of; to assist; to forward; to encourage. We have supplies to second our attempt. Shak. In human works though labored on with pain, A thousand movements scarce one purpose gain; In God's, one single can its end produce, Yet serves to second too some other use. Pope. 3. Specifically, to support, as a motion or proposal, by adding one's voice to that of the mover or proposer.", "secondaries": null, "secondarily": "1. In a secondary manner or degree. 2. Secondly; in the second place. [Obs.] God hath set some in the church, first apostels, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers. 1 Cor. xii. 28.", @@ -68863,8 +60676,6 @@ "sedative": "Tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize; specifically (Med.), allaying irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.\n\nA remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and irritative activity or pain.", "sedatives": "Tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize; specifically (Med.), allaying irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.\n\nA remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and irritative activity or pain.", "sedentary": "1. Accustomed to sit much or long; as, a sedentary man. \"Sedentary, scholastic sophists.\" Bp. Warburton. 2. Characterized by, or requiring, much sitting; as, a sedentary employment; a sedentary life. Any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was essentially imperfect. Beaconsfield. 3. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; hence, calm; tranquil. [R.] \"The sedentary earth.\" Milton. The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a remiss, sedentary nature. Spectator. 4. Caused by long sitting. [Obs.] \"Sedentary numbness.\" Milton. 5. (Zoöl.) Remaining in one place, especially when firmly attached to some object; as, the oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are sedentary crustaceans. Sedentary spider (Zoöl.), one of a tribe of spiders which rest motionless until their prey is caught in their web.", - "seder": null, - "seders": null, "sedge": "1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Carex, perennial, endogenous herbs, often growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There are several hundred species. Note: The name is sometimes given to any other plant of the order Cyperaceæ, which includes Carex, Cyperus, Scirpus, and many other genera of rushlike plants. 2. (Zoöl.) A flock of herons. Sedge ken (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under 5th Rail. -- Sedge warbler (Zoöl.), a small European singing bird (Acrocephalus phragmitis). It often builds its nest among reeds; -- called also sedge bird, sedge wren, night warbler, and Scotch nightingale.", "sedgy": "Overgrown with sedge. On the gentle Severn''s sedgy bank. Shak.", "sediment": "1. The matter which subsides to the bottom, frrom water or any other liquid; settlings; lees; dregs. 2. (Geol.) The material of which sedimentary rocks are formed.", @@ -68873,7 +60684,6 @@ "sediments": "1. The matter which subsides to the bottom, frrom water or any other liquid; settlings; lees; dregs. 2. (Geol.) The material of which sedimentary rocks are formed.", "sedition": "1. The raising of commotion in a state, not amounting to insurrection; conduct tending to treason, but without an overt act; excitement of discontent against the government, or of resistance to lawful authority. In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. Shak. Noisy demagogues who had been accused of sedition. Macaulay. 2. Dissension; division; schism. [Obs.] Now the works of the flesh are manifest, . . . emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies. Gal. v. 19, 20. Syn. -- Insurrection; tumult; uproar; riot; rebellion; revolt. See Insurrection.", "seditious": "1. Of or pertaining to sedition; partaking of the nature of, or tending to excite, sedition; as, seditious behavior; seditious strife; seditious words. 2. Disposed to arouse, or take part in, violent opposition to lawful authority; turbulent; factious; guilty of sedition; as, seditious citizens. -- Se*di\"tious*ly, adv. -- Se*di\"tious*ness, n.", - "sedna": null, "seduce": "1. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty in any manner; to entice to evil; to lead astray; to tempt and lead to iniquity; to corrupt. For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak. 2. Specifically, to induce to surrender chastity; to debauch by means of solicitation. Syn. -- To allure; entice; tempt; attract; mislead; decoy; inveigle. See Allure.", "seduced": null, "seducer": "One who, or that which, seduces; specifically, one who prevails over the chastity of a woman by enticements and persuasions. He whose firm faith no reason could remove, Will melt before that soft seducer, love. Dryden.", @@ -68890,7 +60700,6 @@ "sedulous": "Diligent in application or pursuit; constant, steady, and persevering in business, or in endeavors to effect an object; steadily industrious; assiduous; as, the sedulous bee. What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the affection of the heart, and a sedulous application of the proper means that may naturally lead us to such an end L'Estrange. Syn. -- Assiduous; diligent; industrious; laborious; unremitting; untiring; unwearied; persevering. -- Sed\"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Sed\"u*lous*ness, n.", "sedulously": null, "see": "1. A seat; a site; a place where sovereign power is exercised. [Obs.] Chaucer. Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign see. Spenser. 2. Specifically: (a) The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop; as, the see of New York. (b) The seat of an archibishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archibishop; as, an archiepiscopal see. (c) The seat, place, or office of the pope, or Roman pontiff; as, the papal see. (d) The pope or his court at Rome; as, to appeal to the see of Rome. Apostolic see. See under Apostolic.\n\n1. To perceive by the eye; to have knowledge of the existence and apparent qualities of by the organs of sight; to behold; to descry; to view. I will new turn aside, and see this great sight. Ex. iii. 3. 2. To perceive by mental vision; to form an idea or conception of; to note with the mind; to observe; to discern; to distinguish; to understand; to comprehend; to ascertain. Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren. Gen. xxxvii. 14. Jesus saw that he answered discreetly. Mark xii. 34. Who 's so gross That seeth not this palpable device Shak. 3. To follow with the eyes, or as with the eyes; to watch; to regard attentivelly; to look after. Shak. I had a mind to see him out, and therefore did not care for centradicting him. Addison. 4. To have an interview with; especially, to make a call upon; to visit; as, to go to see a friend. And Samuel came no more to see Saul untill the day of his death. 1 Sam. xv. 35. 5. To fall in with; to have intercourse or communication with; hence, to have knowledge or experience of; as, to see military service. Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil. Ps. xc. 15. Verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man keep my saying, he shall never see death. John viii. 51. Improvement in visdom and prudence by seeing men. Locke. 6. To accompany in person; to escort; to wait upon; as, to see one home; to see one aboard the cars. God you (him, or me, etc.) see, God keep you (him, me, etc.) in his sight; God protect you. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To see (anything) out, to see (it) to the end; to be present at, or attend, to the end. -- To see stars, to see flashes of light, like stars; -- sometimes the result of concussion of the head. [Colloq.] -- To see (one) through, to help, watch, or guard (one) to the end of a course or an undertaking.\n\n1. To have the power of sight, or of perceiving by the proper organs; to possess or employ the sense of vision; as, he sees distinctly. Whereas I was blind, now I see. John ix. 25. 2. Figuratively: To have intellectual apprehension; to perceive; to know; to understand; to discern; -- often followed by a preposition, as through, or into. For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind. John ix. 39. Many sagacious persons will find us out, . . . and see through all our fine pretensions. Tillotson. 3. To be attentive; to take care; to give heed; -- generally with to; as, to see to the house. See that ye fall not out by the way. Gen. xiv. 24. Note: Let me see, Let us see, are used to express consideration, or to introduce the particular consideration of a subject, or some scheme or calculation. Cassio's a proper man, let me see now, -To get his place. Shak. Note: See is sometimes used in the imperative for look, or behold. \"See. see! upon the banks of Boyne he stands.\" Halifax. To see about a thing, to pay attention to it; to consider it. -- To see on, to look at. [Obs.] \"She was full more blissful on to see.\" Chaucer. -- To see to. (a) To look at; to behold; to view. [Obs.] \"An altar by Jordan, a great altar to see to\" Josh. xxii. 10. (b) To take care about; to look after; as, to see to a fire.", - "seebeck": null, "seed": "1. (Bot.) (a) A ripened ovule, consisting of an embryo with one or more integuments, or coverings; as, an apple seed; a currant seed. By germination it produces a new plant. (b) Any small seedlike fruit, though it may consist of a pericarp, or even a calyx, as well as the seed proper; as, parsnip seed; thistle seed. And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself. Gen. i. 11. Note: The seed proper has an outer and an inner coat, and within these the kernel or nucleus. The kernel is either the embryo alone, or the embryo inclosed in the albumen, which is the material for the nourishment of the developing embryo. The scar on a seed, left where the stem parted from it, is called the hilum, and the closed orifice of the ovule, the micropyle. 2. (Physiol.) The generative fluid of the male; semen; sperm; -- not used in the plural. 3. That from which anything springs; first principle; original; source; as, the seeds of virtue or vice. 4. The principle of production. Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed, Which may the like in coming ages breed. Waller. 5. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as, the seed of Abraham; the seed of David. Note: In this sense the word is applied to one person, or to any number collectively, and admits of the plural form, though rarely used in the plural. 6. Race; generation; birth. Of mortal seed they were not held. Waller. Seed bag (Artesian well), a packing to prevent percolation of water down the bore hole. It consists of a bag encircling the tubing and filled with flax seed, which swells when wet and fills the space between the tubing and the sides of the hole. -- Seed bud (Bot.), the germ or rudiment of the plant in the embryo state; the ovule. -- Seed coat (Bot.), the covering of a seed. -- Seed corn, or Seed grain (Bot.), corn or grain for seed. -- Seed down (Bot.), the soft hairs on certain seeds, as cotton seed. -- Seed drill. See 6th Drill, 2 (a). -- Seed eater (Zoöl.), any finch of the genera Sporophila, and Crithagra. They feed mainly on seeds. -- Seed gall (Zoöl.), any gall which resembles a seed, formed, on the leaves of various plants, usually by some species of Phylloxera. -- Seed leaf (Bot.), a cotyledon. -- Seed lobe (Bot.), a cotyledon; a seed leaf. -- Seed oil, oil expressed from the seeds of plants. -- Seed oyster, a young oyster, especially when of a size suitable for transplantation to a new locality. -- Seed pearl, a small pearl of little value. -- Seed plat, or Seed plot, the ground on which seeds are sown, to produce plants for transplanting; a nursery. -- Seed stalk (Bot.), the stalk of an ovule or seed; a funicle. -- Seed tick (Zoöl.), one of several species of ticks resembling seeds in form and color. -- Seed vessel (Bot.), that part of a plant which contains the seeds; a pericarp. -- Seed weevil (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small weevels, especially those of the genus Apion, which live in the seeds of various plants. -- Seed wool, cotton wool not yet cleansed of its seeds. [Southern U.S.]\n\n1. To sprinkle with seed; to plant seeds in; to sow; as, to seed a field. 2. To cover thinly with something scattered; to ornament with seedlike decorations. A sable mantle seeded with waking eyes. B. Jonson. To seed down, to sow with grass seed.", "seedbed": null, "seedbeds": null, @@ -68910,7 +60719,6 @@ "seedpods": null, "seeds": "1. (Bot.) (a) A ripened ovule, consisting of an embryo with one or more integuments, or coverings; as, an apple seed; a currant seed. By germination it produces a new plant. (b) Any small seedlike fruit, though it may consist of a pericarp, or even a calyx, as well as the seed proper; as, parsnip seed; thistle seed. And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself. Gen. i. 11. Note: The seed proper has an outer and an inner coat, and within these the kernel or nucleus. The kernel is either the embryo alone, or the embryo inclosed in the albumen, which is the material for the nourishment of the developing embryo. The scar on a seed, left where the stem parted from it, is called the hilum, and the closed orifice of the ovule, the micropyle. 2. (Physiol.) The generative fluid of the male; semen; sperm; -- not used in the plural. 3. That from which anything springs; first principle; original; source; as, the seeds of virtue or vice. 4. The principle of production. Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed, Which may the like in coming ages breed. Waller. 5. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as, the seed of Abraham; the seed of David. Note: In this sense the word is applied to one person, or to any number collectively, and admits of the plural form, though rarely used in the plural. 6. Race; generation; birth. Of mortal seed they were not held. Waller. Seed bag (Artesian well), a packing to prevent percolation of water down the bore hole. It consists of a bag encircling the tubing and filled with flax seed, which swells when wet and fills the space between the tubing and the sides of the hole. -- Seed bud (Bot.), the germ or rudiment of the plant in the embryo state; the ovule. -- Seed coat (Bot.), the covering of a seed. -- Seed corn, or Seed grain (Bot.), corn or grain for seed. -- Seed down (Bot.), the soft hairs on certain seeds, as cotton seed. -- Seed drill. See 6th Drill, 2 (a). -- Seed eater (Zoöl.), any finch of the genera Sporophila, and Crithagra. They feed mainly on seeds. -- Seed gall (Zoöl.), any gall which resembles a seed, formed, on the leaves of various plants, usually by some species of Phylloxera. -- Seed leaf (Bot.), a cotyledon. -- Seed lobe (Bot.), a cotyledon; a seed leaf. -- Seed oil, oil expressed from the seeds of plants. -- Seed oyster, a young oyster, especially when of a size suitable for transplantation to a new locality. -- Seed pearl, a small pearl of little value. -- Seed plat, or Seed plot, the ground on which seeds are sown, to produce plants for transplanting; a nursery. -- Seed stalk (Bot.), the stalk of an ovule or seed; a funicle. -- Seed tick (Zoöl.), one of several species of ticks resembling seeds in form and color. -- Seed vessel (Bot.), that part of a plant which contains the seeds; a pericarp. -- Seed weevil (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small weevels, especially those of the genus Apion, which live in the seeds of various plants. -- Seed wool, cotton wool not yet cleansed of its seeds. [Southern U.S.]\n\n1. To sprinkle with seed; to plant seeds in; to sow; as, to seed a field. 2. To cover thinly with something scattered; to ornament with seedlike decorations. A sable mantle seeded with waking eyes. B. Jonson. To seed down, to sow with grass seed.", "seedy": "1. Abounding with seeds; bearing seeds; having run to seeds. 2. Having a peculiar flavor supposed to be derived from the weeds growing among the vines; -- said of certain kinds of FRench brandy. 3. Old and worn out; exhausted; spiritless; also, poor and miserable looking; shabily clothed; shabby looking; as, he looked seedy coat. [Colloq.] Little Flanigan here . . . is a little seedy, as we say among us that practice the law. Goldsmith. Seedy toe, an affection of a horse's foot, in which a cavity filled with horn powder is formed between the laminæ and the wall of the hoof.", - "seeger": null, "seeing": "(but originally a present participle). In view of the fact (that); considering; taking into account (that); insmuch as; since; because; -- followed by a dependent clause; as, he did well, seeing that he was so young. Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me Gen. xxvi. 27.", "seeings": "(but originally a present participle). In view of the fact (that); considering; taking into account (that); insmuch as; since; because; -- followed by a dependent clause; as, he did well, seeing that he was so young. Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me Gen. xxvi. 27.", "seek": "Sick. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To go in search of; to look for; to search for; to try to find. The man saked him, saying, What seekest thou And he said, I seek my brethren. Gen. xxxvii. 15,16. 2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to bessech. Others, tempting him, sought of him a sign. Luke xi. 16. 3. To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to aim at; as, to seek wealth or fame; to seek one's life. 4. To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to. Seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal. Amos v. 5. Since great Ulysses sought the Phrygian plains. Pope.\n\nTo make search or inquiry: to endeavor to make discovery. Seek ye out of the book of the Lord, and read. Isa. xxxiv. 16. To seek, needing to seek or search; hence, unpreparated. \"Unpracticed, unpreparated, and still to seek.\" Milton. [Obs] -- To seek after, to make pursuit of; to attempt to find or take. -- To seek for, to endeavor to find. -- To seek to, to apply to; to resort to; to court. [Obs.] \"All the earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom.\" 1. Kings x. 24. -- To seek upon, to make strict inquiry after; to follow up; to persecute. [Obs.] To seek Upon a man and do his soul unrest. Chaucer.", @@ -68945,7 +60753,6 @@ "seethed": null, "seethes": "To decoct or prepare for food in hot liquid; to boil; as, to seethe flesh. [Written also seeth.] Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets. 2 Kings iv. 38.\n\nTo be a state of ebullition or violent commotion; to be hot; to boil. 1 Sam. ii. 13. A long Pointe, round which the Mississippi used to whirl, and seethe, and foam. G. W. Cable.", "seething": null, - "sega": null, "segfault": null, "segfaults": null, "segment": "1. One of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a portion; as, a segment of an orange; a segment of a compound or divided leaf. 2. (Geom.) A part cut off from a figure by a line or plane; especially, that part of a circle contained between a chord and an arc of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the chord; as, the segment acb in the Illustration. 3. (Mach.) (a) A piece in the form of the sector of a circle, or part of a ring; as, the segment of a sectional fly wheel or flywheel rim. (b) A segment gear. 4. (Biol.) (a) One of the cells or division formed by segmentation, as in egg cleavage or in fissiparous cell formation. (b) One of the divisions, rings, or joints into which many animal bodies are divided; a somite; a metamere; a somatome. Segment gear, a piece for receiving or communicating reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel, consisting of a sector of a circular gear, or ring, having cogs on the periphery, or face. -- Segment of a line, the part of a line contained between two points on it. -- Segment of a sphere, the part of a sphere cut off by a plane, or included between two parallel planes. -- Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See Loor, n., 5.\n\nTo divide or separate into parts in growth; to undergo segmentation, or cleavage, as in the segmentation of the ovum.", @@ -68953,8 +60760,6 @@ "segmented": "Divided into segments or joints; articulated.", "segmenting": null, "segments": "1. One of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a portion; as, a segment of an orange; a segment of a compound or divided leaf. 2. (Geom.) A part cut off from a figure by a line or plane; especially, that part of a circle contained between a chord and an arc of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the chord; as, the segment acb in the Illustration. 3. (Mach.) (a) A piece in the form of the sector of a circle, or part of a ring; as, the segment of a sectional fly wheel or flywheel rim. (b) A segment gear. 4. (Biol.) (a) One of the cells or division formed by segmentation, as in egg cleavage or in fissiparous cell formation. (b) One of the divisions, rings, or joints into which many animal bodies are divided; a somite; a metamere; a somatome. Segment gear, a piece for receiving or communicating reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel, consisting of a sector of a circular gear, or ring, having cogs on the periphery, or face. -- Segment of a line, the part of a line contained between two points on it. -- Segment of a sphere, the part of a sphere cut off by a plane, or included between two parallel planes. -- Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See Loor, n., 5.\n\nTo divide or separate into parts in growth; to undergo segmentation, or cleavage, as in the segmentation of the ovum.", - "segovia": null, - "segre": null, "segregate": "1. Separate; select. 2. (Bot.) Separated from others of the same kind.\n\nTo separate from others; to set apart. They are still segregated, Christians from Christians, under odious designations. I. Taylor.\n\nTo separate from a mass, and collect together about centers or along lines of fracture, as in the process of crystallization or solidification.", "segregated": null, "segregates": "1. Separate; select. 2. (Bot.) Separated from others of the same kind.\n\nTo separate from others; to set apart. They are still segregated, Christians from Christians, under odious designations. I. Taylor.\n\nTo separate from a mass, and collect together about centers or along lines of fracture, as in the process of crystallization or solidification.", @@ -68967,20 +60772,15 @@ "segueing": null, "segues": null, "seguing": null, - "segundo": null, - "segway": null, - "segways": null, "seigneur": null, "seigneurs": null, "seignior": "1. A lord; the lord of a manor. 2. A title of honor or of address in the South of Europe, corresponding to Sir or Mr. in English. Grand Seignior, the sultan of Turkey.", "seigniors": "1. A lord; the lord of a manor. 2. A title of honor or of address in the South of Europe, corresponding to Sir or Mr. in English. Grand Seignior, the sultan of Turkey.", - "seiko": null, "seine": "A large net, one edge of which is provided with sinkers, and the other with floats. It hangs vertically in the water, and when its ends are brought together or drawn ashore incloses the fish. Seine boat, a boat specially constructed to carry and pay out a seine.", "seined": null, "seiner": "One who fishes with a seine.", "seiners": "One who fishes with a seine.", "seines": "A large net, one edge of which is provided with sinkers, and the other with floats. It hangs vertically in the water, and when its ends are brought together or drawn ashore incloses the fish. Seine boat, a boat specially constructed to carry and pay out a seine.", - "seinfeld": null, "seining": "Fishing with a seine.", "seismic": "Of or pertaining to an earthquake; caused by an earthquake. Seismic vertical, the point upon the earth's surface vertically over the center of effort or focal point whence the earthquake's impulse proceeds, or the vertical line connecting these two points.", "seismically": null, @@ -69001,8 +60801,6 @@ "seizing": "1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly. 2. (Naut.) (a) The operation of fastening together or lashing. (b) The cord or lashing used for such fastening.", "seizure": "1. The act of seizing, or the state of being seized; sudden and violent grasp or gripe; a taking into possession; as, the seizure of a thief, a property, a throne, etc. 2. Retention within one's grasp or power; hold; possession; ownership. Make o'er thy honor by a deed of trust, And give me seizure of the mighty wealth. Dryden. 3. That which is seized, or taken possession of; a thing laid hold of, or possessed.", "seizures": "1. The act of seizing, or the state of being seized; sudden and violent grasp or gripe; a taking into possession; as, the seizure of a thief, a property, a throne, etc. 2. Retention within one's grasp or power; hold; possession; ownership. Make o'er thy honor by a deed of trust, And give me seizure of the mighty wealth. Dryden. 3. That which is seized, or taken possession of; a thing laid hold of, or possessed.", - "sejong": null, - "selassie": null, "seldom": "Rarely; not often; not frequently. Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one. Hooker.\n\nRare; infrequent. [Archaic.] \"A suppressed and seldom anger.\" Jer. Taylor.", "select": "Taken from a number by preferance; picked out as more valuable or exellent than others; of special value or exellence; nicely chosen; selected; choice. A few select spirits had separated from the crowd, and formed a fit audience round a far greater teacher. Macaulay.\n\nTo choose and take from a number; to take by preference from among others; to pick out; to cull; as, to select the best authors for perusal. \"One peculiar nation to select.\" Milton. The pious chief . . . A hundred youths from all his train selects. Dryden.", "selected": null, @@ -69017,15 +60815,11 @@ "selectness": "The quality or state of being select.", "selector": "One who selects.", "selectors": "One who selects.", - "selectric": null, "selects": "Taken from a number by preferance; picked out as more valuable or exellent than others; of special value or exellence; nicely chosen; selected; choice. A few select spirits had separated from the crowd, and formed a fit audience round a far greater teacher. Macaulay.\n\nTo choose and take from a number; to take by preference from among others; to pick out; to cull; as, to select the best authors for perusal. \"One peculiar nation to select.\" Milton. The pious chief . . . A hundred youths from all his train selects. Dryden.", - "selena": null, "selenium": "A nonmetallic element of the sulphur group, and analogous to sulphur in its compounds. It is found in small quantities with sulphur and some sulphur ores, and obtained in the free state as a dark reddish powder or crystalline mass, or as a dark metallic- looking substance. It exhibits under the action of light a remarkable variation in electric conductivity, and is used in certain electric apparatus. Symbol Se. Atomic weight 78.9.", "selenographer": "One skilled in selenography. Wright.", "selenographers": "One skilled in selenography. Wright.", "selenography": "The science that treats of the physical features of the moon; - - corresponding to physical geography in respect to the earth. \"Accurate selenography, or description of the moon.\" Sir T. Browne.", - "seleucid": null, - "seleucus": null, "self": "Same; particular; very; identical. [Obs., except in the compound selfsame.] \"On these self hills.\" Sir. W. Raleigh. To shoot another arrow that self way Which you did shoot the first. Shak. At that self moment enters Palamon. Dryden.\n\n1. The individual as the object of his own reflective consciousness; the man viewed by his own cognition as the subject of all his mental phenomena, the agent in his own activities, the subject of his own feelings, and the possessor of capacities and character; a person as a distinct individual; a being regarded as having personality. \"Those who liked their real selves.\" Addison. A man's self may be the worst fellow to converse with in the world. Pope. The self, the I, is recognized in every act of intelligence as the subject to which that act belongs. It is I that perceive, I that imagine, I that remember, I that attend, I that compare, I that feel, I that will, I that am conscious. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. Hence, personal interest, or love of private interest; selfishness; as, self is his whole aim. 3. Personification; embodiment. [Poetic.] She was beauty's self. Thomson. Note: Self is united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives to express emphasis or distinction. Thus, for emphasis; I myself will write; I will examine for myself; thou thyself shalt go; thou shalt see for thyself; you yourself shall write; you shall see for yourself; he himself shall write; he shall examine for himself; she herself shall write; she shall examine for herself; the child itself shall be carried; it shall be present itself. It is also used reflexively; as, I abhor myself; thou enrichest thyself; he loves himself; she admires herself; it pleases itself; we walue ourselves; ye hurry yourselves; they see themselves. Himself, herself, themselves, are used in the nominative case, as well as in the objective. \"Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples.\" John iv. 2. Note: Self is used in the formation of innumerable compounds, usually of obvious signification, in most of which it denotes either the agent or the object of the action expressed by the word with which it is joined, or the person in behalf of whom it is performed, or the person or thing to, for, or towards whom or which a quality, attribute, or feeling expressed by the following word belongs, is directed, or is exerted, or from which it proceeds; or it denotes the subject of, or object affected by, such action, quality, attribute, feeling, or the like; as, self-abandoning, self-abnegation, self- abhorring, self-absorbed, self-accusing, self-adjusting, self- balanced, self-boasting, self-canceled, self-combating, self- commendation, self-condemned, self-conflict, self-conquest, self- constituted, self-consumed, self-contempt, self-controlled, self- deceiving, self-denying, self-destroyed, self-disclosure, self- display, self-dominion, self-doomed, self-elected, self-evolved, self-exalting, self-excusing, self-exile, self-fed, self-fulfillment, self-governed, self-harming, self-helpless, self-humiliation, self- idolized, self-inflicted, self-improvement, self-instruction, self- invited, self-judging, self-justification, self-loathing, self- loving, self-maintenance, self-mastered, self-nourishment, self- perfect, self-perpetuation, self-pleasing, self-praising, self- preserving, self-questioned, self-relying, self-restraining, self- revelation, self-ruined, self-satisfaction, self-support, self- sustained, self-sustaining, self-tormenting, self-troubling, self- trust, self-tuition, self-upbraiding, self-valuing, self-worshiping, and many others.", "selfie": null, "selfies": null, @@ -69036,9 +60830,6 @@ "selflessly": null, "selflessness": "Quality or state of being selfless.", "selfsame": "Precisely the same; the very same; identical. His servant was healed in the selfsame hour. Matt. viii. 13.", - "selim": null, - "seljuk": null, - "selkirk": null, "sell": "Self. [Obs. or Scot.] B. Jonson.\n\nA sill. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA cell; a house. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A saddle for a horse. [Obs.] He left his lofty steed with golden self. Spenser. 2. A throne or lofty seat. [Obs.] Fairfax.\n\n1. To transfer to another for an equivalent; to give up for a valuable consideration; to dispose of in return for something, especially for money. If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor. Matt. xix. 21. I am changed; I'll go sell all my land. Shak. Note: Sell is corellative to buy, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distinguished usually from exchange or barter, in which one commodity is given for another; whereas in selling the consideration is usually money, or its representative in current notes. 2. To make a matter of bargain and sale of; to accept a price or reward for, as for a breach of duty, trust, or the like; to betray. You would have sold your king to slaughter. Shak. 3. To impose upon; to trick; to deceive; to make a fool of; to cheat. [Slang] Dickens. To sell one's life dearly, to cause much loss to those who take one's life, as by killing a number of one's assailants. -- To sell (anything) out, to dispose of it wholly or entirely; as, he had sold out his corn, or his interest in a business.\n\n1. To practice selling commodities. I will buy with you, sell with you; . . . but I will not eat with you. Shak. 2. To be sold; as, corn sells at a good price. To sell out, to sell one's whole stockk in trade or one's entire interest in a property or a business.\n\nAn imposition; a cheat; a hoax. [Colloq.]", "seller": "One who sells. Chaucer.", "sellers": "One who sells. Chaucer.", @@ -69052,13 +60843,11 @@ "sellout": null, "sellouts": null, "sells": "Self. [Obs. or Scot.] B. Jonson.\n\nA sill. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA cell; a house. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A saddle for a horse. [Obs.] He left his lofty steed with golden self. Spenser. 2. A throne or lofty seat. [Obs.] Fairfax.\n\n1. To transfer to another for an equivalent; to give up for a valuable consideration; to dispose of in return for something, especially for money. If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor. Matt. xix. 21. I am changed; I'll go sell all my land. Shak. Note: Sell is corellative to buy, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distinguished usually from exchange or barter, in which one commodity is given for another; whereas in selling the consideration is usually money, or its representative in current notes. 2. To make a matter of bargain and sale of; to accept a price or reward for, as for a breach of duty, trust, or the like; to betray. You would have sold your king to slaughter. Shak. 3. To impose upon; to trick; to deceive; to make a fool of; to cheat. [Slang] Dickens. To sell one's life dearly, to cause much loss to those who take one's life, as by killing a number of one's assailants. -- To sell (anything) out, to dispose of it wholly or entirely; as, he had sold out his corn, or his interest in a business.\n\n1. To practice selling commodities. I will buy with you, sell with you; . . . but I will not eat with you. Shak. 2. To be sold; as, corn sells at a good price. To sell out, to sell one's whole stockk in trade or one's entire interest in a property or a business.\n\nAn imposition; a cheat; a hoax. [Colloq.]", - "selma": null, "seltzer": null, "seltzers": null, "selvage": "1. The edge of cloth which is woven in such a manner as to prevent raveling. 2. The edge plate of a lock, through which the bolt passes. Knight. 3. (Mining.) A layer of clay or decomposed rock along the wall of a vein. See Gouge, n., 4. Raymond.", "selvages": "1. The edge of cloth which is woven in such a manner as to prevent raveling. 2. The edge plate of a lock, through which the bolt passes. Knight. 3. (Mining.) A layer of clay or decomposed rock along the wall of a vein. See Gouge, n., 4. Raymond.", "selves": "pl. of Self.", - "selznick": null, "semantic": null, "semantically": null, "semanticist": null, @@ -69068,7 +60857,6 @@ "semaphored": null, "semaphores": "A signal telegraph; an apparatus for giving signals by the disposition of lanterns, flags, oscillating arms, etc.", "semaphoring": null, - "semarang": null, "semblance": "1. Seeming; appearance; show; figure; form. Thier semblance kind, and mild their gestures were. Fairfax. 2. Likeness; resemblance, actual or apparent; similitude; as, the semblance of worth; semblance of virtue. Only semblances or imitations of shells. Woodward.", "semblances": "1. Seeming; appearance; show; figure; form. Thier semblance kind, and mild their gestures were. Fairfax. 2. Likeness; resemblance, actual or apparent; similitude; as, the semblance of worth; semblance of virtue. Only semblances or imitations of shells. Woodward.", "semen": "1. (Bot.) The seed of plants. 2. (Physiol.) The seed or fecundating fluid of male animals; sperm. It is a white or whitish viscid fluid secreted by the testes, characterized by the presence of spermatozoids to which it owes its generative power. Semen contra, or Semen cinæ or cynæ, a strong aromatic, bitter drug, imported from Aleppo and Barbary, said to consist of the leaves, peduncles, and unexpanded flowers of various species of Artemisia; wormseed.", @@ -69108,8 +60896,6 @@ "seminaries": null, "seminars": "A group of students engaged, under the guidance of an instructor, in original research in a particular line of study, and in the exposition of the results by theses, lectures, etc.; -- called also seminary.", "seminary": "1. A piece of ground where seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation; a nursery; a seed plat. [Obs.] Mortimer. But if you draw them [seedling] only for the thinning of your seminary, prick them into some empty beds. Evelyn. 2. Hence, the place or original stock whence anything is brought or produced. [Obs.] Woodward. 3. A place of education, as a scool of a high grade, an academy, college, or university. 4. Seminal state. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 5. Fig.: A seed bed; a source. [Obs.] Harvey. 6. A Roman Catholic priest educated in a foreign seminary; a seminarist. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.\n\nBelonging to seed; seminal. [R.]", - "seminole": null, - "seminoles": "A tribe of Indians who formerly occupied Florida, where some of them still remain. They belonged to the Creek Confideration.", "semiofficial": "Half official; having some official authority or importance; as, a semiofficial statement. -- Sem`i*of*fi\"cial*ly, adv.", "semiotic": "1. Relating to signs or indications; pertaining to the language of signs, or to language generally as indicating thought. 2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the signs or symptoms of diseases.\n\nSame as Semeiotic.", "semiotics": "Semeiology.\n\nSame as Semeiotics.", @@ -69122,16 +60908,11 @@ "semipros": null, "semiquaver": "A note of half the duration of the quaver; -- now usually called a sixsteenth note.", "semiquavers": "A note of half the duration of the quaver; -- now usually called a sixsteenth note.", - "semiramis": null, "semiretired": null, "semis": null, "semiskilled": null, "semisolid": "Partially solid.", "semisweet": null, - "semite": "One belonging to the Semitic race. Also used adjectively. [Written also Shemite.]", - "semites": "One belonging to the Semitic race. Also used adjectively. [Written also Shemite.]", - "semitic": "Of or pertaining to Shem or his descendants; belonging to that division of the Caucasian race which includes the Arabs, Jews, and related races. [Written also Shemitic.] Semitic language, a name used to designate a group of Asiatic and African languages, some living and some dead, namely: Hebrew and Phoenician, Aramaic, Assyrian, Arabic, Ethiopic (Geez and Ampharic). Encyc. Brit.", - "semitics": "Of or pertaining to Shem or his descendants; belonging to that division of the Caucasian race which includes the Arabs, Jews, and related races. [Written also Shemitic.] Semitic language, a name used to designate a group of Asiatic and African languages, some living and some dead, namely: Hebrew and Phoenician, Aramaic, Assyrian, Arabic, Ethiopic (Geez and Ampharic). Encyc. Brit.", "semitone": "Half a tone; -- the name commonly applied to the smaller intervals of the diatonic scale. Note: There is an impropriety in the use of this word, and half step is now preferred. See Tone. J. S. Dwight.", "semitones": "Half a tone; -- the name commonly applied to the smaller intervals of the diatonic scale. Note: There is an impropriety in the use of this word, and half step is now preferred. See Tone. J. S. Dwight.", "semitrailer": null, @@ -69146,7 +60927,6 @@ "semolina": "The fine, hard parts of wheat, rounded by the attrition of the millstones, -- used in cookery.", "sempstress": "A seamstress. Two hundred sepstress were employed to make me shirts. Swift.", "sempstresses": null, - "semtex": null, "sen": "A Japanese coin, worth about one half of a cent.\n\nSince. [Obs.]", "senate": "1. An assembly or council having the highest deliberative and legislative functions. Specifically: (a) (Anc. Rom.) A body of elders appointed or elected from among the nobles of the nation, and having supreme legislative authority. The senate was thus the medium through which all affairs of the whole government had to pass. Dr. W. Smith. (b) The upper and less numerous branch of a legislature in various countries, as in France, in the United States, in most of the separate States of the United States, and in some Swiss cantons. (c) In general, a legislative body; a state council; the legislative department of government. 2. The governing body of the Universities of Cambridge and London. [Eng.] 3. In some American colleges, a council of elected students, presided over by the president of the college, to which are referred cases of discipline and matters of general concern affecting the students. [U. S.] Senate chamber, a room where a senate meets when it transacts business. -- Senate house, a house where a senate meets when it transacts business.", "senates": "1. An assembly or council having the highest deliberative and legislative functions. Specifically: (a) (Anc. Rom.) A body of elders appointed or elected from among the nobles of the nation, and having supreme legislative authority. The senate was thus the medium through which all affairs of the whole government had to pass. Dr. W. Smith. (b) The upper and less numerous branch of a legislature in various countries, as in France, in the United States, in most of the separate States of the United States, and in some Swiss cantons. (c) In general, a legislative body; a state council; the legislative department of government. 2. The governing body of the Universities of Cambridge and London. [Eng.] 3. In some American colleges, a council of elected students, presided over by the president of the college, to which are referred cases of discipline and matters of general concern affecting the students. [U. S.] Senate chamber, a room where a senate meets when it transacts business. -- Senate house, a house where a senate meets when it transacts business.", @@ -69154,28 +60934,20 @@ "senatorial": "1. Of or pertaining to a senator, or a senate; becoming to a senator, or a senate; as, senatorial duties; senatorial dignity. 2. Entitled to elect a senator, or by senators; as, the senatorial districts of a State. [U. S.]", "senators": "1. A member of a senate. The duke and senators of Venice greet you. Shak. Note: In the United States, each State sends two senators for a term of six years to the national Congress. 2. (O.Eng.Law) A member of the king's council; a king's councilor. Burrill.", "send": "1. To cause to go in any manner; to dispatch; to commission or direct to go; as, to send a messenger. I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jer. xxiii. 21. I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. John viii. 42. Servants, sent on messages, stay out somewhat longer than the message requires. Swift. 2. To give motion to; to cause to be borne or carried; to procure the going, transmission, or delivery of; as, to send a message. He . . . sent letters by posts on horseback. Esther viii. 10. O send out thy light an thy truth; let them lead me. Ps. xliii. 3. 3. To emit; to impel; to cast; to throw; to hurl; as, to send a ball, an arrow, or the like. 4. To cause to be or to happen; to bestow; to inflict; to grant; -- sometimes followed by a dependent proposition. \"God send him well!\" Shak. The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke. Deut. xxviii. 20. And sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Matt. v. 45. God send your mission may bring back peace. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an errand. See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away my head 2 Kings vi. 32. 2. (Naut.) To pitch; as, the ship sends forward so violently as to endanger her masts. Totten. To send for, to request or require by message to come or be brought.\n\nThe impulse of a wave by which a vessel is carried bodily. [Written also scend.] W. C. Russell. \"The send of the sea\". Longfellow.", - "sendai": null, "sender": "One who sends. Shak.", "senders": "One who sends. Shak.", "sending": null, "sendoff": null, "sendoffs": null, "sends": "1. To cause to go in any manner; to dispatch; to commission or direct to go; as, to send a messenger. I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jer. xxiii. 21. I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. John viii. 42. Servants, sent on messages, stay out somewhat longer than the message requires. Swift. 2. To give motion to; to cause to be borne or carried; to procure the going, transmission, or delivery of; as, to send a message. He . . . sent letters by posts on horseback. Esther viii. 10. O send out thy light an thy truth; let them lead me. Ps. xliii. 3. 3. To emit; to impel; to cast; to throw; to hurl; as, to send a ball, an arrow, or the like. 4. To cause to be or to happen; to bestow; to inflict; to grant; -- sometimes followed by a dependent proposition. \"God send him well!\" Shak. The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke. Deut. xxviii. 20. And sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Matt. v. 45. God send your mission may bring back peace. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. To dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an errand. See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away my head 2 Kings vi. 32. 2. (Naut.) To pitch; as, the ship sends forward so violently as to endanger her masts. Totten. To send for, to request or require by message to come or be brought.\n\nThe impulse of a wave by which a vessel is carried bodily. [Written also scend.] W. C. Russell. \"The send of the sea\". Longfellow.", - "seneca": null, - "senecas": "A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Western New York. This tribe was the most numerous and most warlike of the Five Nations. Seneca grass(Bot.), holy grass. See under Holy. -- Seneca eil, petroleum or naphtha. -- Seneca root, or Seneca snakeroot (Bot.), the rootstock of an American species of milkworth (Polygala Senega) having an aromatic but bitter taste. It is often used medicinally as an expectorant and diuretic, and, in large doses, as an emetic and cathartic. [Written also Senega root, and Seneka root.]", - "senegal": "Gum senegal. See under Gum.", - "senegalese": null, "senescence": "The state of growing old; decay by time.", "senescent": "Growing old; decaying with the lapse of time. \"The night was senescent.\" Poe. \"With too senescent air.\" Lowell.", - "senghor": null, "senile": "Of or pertaining to old age; proceeding from, or characteristic of, old age; affected with the infirmities of old age; as, senile weakness. \"Senile maturity of judgment.\" Boyle. Senile gangrene (Med.), a form of gangrene occuring particularly in old people, and caused usually by insufficient blood supply due to degeneration of the walls of the smaller arteries.", "senility": "The quality or state of being senile; old age.", "senior": "1. More advanced than another in age; prior in age; elder; hence, more advanced in dignity, rank, or office; superior; as, senior member; senior counsel. 2. Belonging to the final year of the regular course in American colleges, or in professional schools.\n\n1. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in life. 2. One older in office, or whose entrance upon office was anterior to that of another; one prior in grade. 3. An aged person; an older. Dryden. Each village senior paused to scan, And speak the lovely caravan. Emerson. 4. One in the fourth or final year of his collegiate course at an American college; -- originally called senior sophister; also, one in the last year of the course at a professional schools or at a seminary.", "seniority": "The quality or state of being senior.", "seniors": "1. More advanced than another in age; prior in age; elder; hence, more advanced in dignity, rank, or office; superior; as, senior member; senior counsel. 2. Belonging to the final year of the regular course in American colleges, or in professional schools.\n\n1. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in life. 2. One older in office, or whose entrance upon office was anterior to that of another; one prior in grade. 3. An aged person; an older. Dryden. Each village senior paused to scan, And speak the lovely caravan. Emerson. 4. One in the fourth or final year of his collegiate course at an American college; -- originally called senior sophister; also, one in the last year of the course at a professional schools or at a seminary.", "senna": "1. (Med.) The leaves of several leguminous plants of the genus Cassia. (C. acutifolia. C. angustifolia, etc.). They constitute a valuable but nauseous cathartic medicine. 2. (Bot.) The plants themselves, native to the East, but now cultivated largely in the south of Europe and in the West Indies. Bladder senna. (Bot.) See under Bladder. -- Wild senna (Bot.), the Cassia Marilandica, growing in the United States, the leaves of which are used medicinally, like those of the officinal senna.", - "sennacherib": null, - "sennett": null, "senor": "A Spanish title of courtesy corresponding to the English Mr. or Sir; also, a gentleman.", "senora": "A Spanish title of courtesy given to a lady; Mrs.; Madam; also, a lady.", "senoras": "A Spanish title of courtesy given to a lady; Mrs.; Madam; also, a lady.", @@ -69228,7 +61000,6 @@ "sensuous": "1. Of or pertaining to the senses, or sensible objects; addressing the senses; suggesting pictures or images of sense. To this poetry would be made precedent, as being less subtle and fine, but more simple, sensuous, and passionate. Milton. 2. Highly susceptible to influence through the senses. -- Sen\"su*ous*ly, adv. -- Sen\"su*ous*ness, n.", "sensuously": null, "sensuousness": null, - "sensurround": null, "sent": "See Scent, v. & n. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nobs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Send, for sendeth.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Send.", "sentence": "1. Sense; meaning; significance. [Obs.] Tales of best sentence and most solace. Chaucer. The discourse itself, voluble enough, and full of sentence. Milton. 2. (a) An opinion; a decision; a determination; a judgment, especially one of an unfavorable nature. My sentence is for open war. Milton. That by them [Luther's works] we may pass sentence upon his doctrines. Atterbury. (b) A philosophical or theological opinion; a dogma; as, Summary of the Sentences; Book of the Sentences. 3. (Law) In civil and admiralty law, the judgment of a court pronounced in a cause; in criminal and ecclesiastical courts, a judgment passed on a criminal by a court or judge; condemnation pronounced by a judgical tribunal; doom. In common law, the term is exclusively used to denote the judgment in criminal cases. Received the sentence of the law. Shak. 4. A short saying, usually containing moral instruction; a maxim; an axiom; a saw. Broome. 5. (Gram.) A combination of words which is complete as expressing a thought, and in writing is marked at the close by a period, or full point. See Proposition, 4. Note: Sentences are simple or compound. A simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb; as, \"The Lord reigns.\" A compound sentence contains two or more subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse: - He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all. Pope. Dark sentence, a saving not easily explained. A king . . . understanding dark sentences. Dan. vii. 23.\n\n1. To pass or pronounce judgment upon; to doom; to condemn to punishment; to prescribe the punishment of. Nature herself is sentenced in your doom. Dryden. 2. To decree or announce as a sentence. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To utter sentenciously. [Obs.] Feltham.", "sentenced": null, @@ -69255,8 +61026,6 @@ "sentinels": "1. One who watches or guards; specifically (Mil.), a soldier set to guard an army, camp, or other place, from surprise, to observe the approach of danger, and give notice of it; a sentry. The sentinels who paced the ramparts. Macaulay. 2. Watch; guard. [Obs.] \"That princes do keep due sentinel.\" Bacon. 3. (Zoöl.) A marine crab (Podophthalmus vigil) native of the Indian Ocean, remarkable for the great length of its eyestalks; -- called also sentinel crab.\n\n1. To watch over like a sentinel. \"To sentinel enchanted land.\" [R.] Sir W. Scott. 2. To furnish with a sentinel; to place under the guard of a sentinel or sentinels.", "sentries": null, "sentry": "1. (Mil.) A soldier placed on guard; a sentinel. 2. Guard; watch, as by a sentinel. Here toils, and death, and death's half-brother, sleep, Forms terrible to view, their sentry keep. Dryden. Sentry box, a small house or box to cover a sentinel at his post, and shelter him from the weather.", - "seoul": null, - "sep": null, "sepal": "A leaf or division of the calyx. Note: When the calyx consists of but one part, it is said to be monosepalous; when of two parts, it is said to be disepalous; when of a variable and indefinite number of parts, it is said to be polysepalous; when of several parts united, it is properly called gamosepalous.", "sepals": "A leaf or division of the calyx. Note: When the calyx consists of but one part, it is said to be monosepalous; when of two parts, it is said to be disepalous; when of a variable and indefinite number of parts, it is said to be polysepalous; when of several parts united, it is properly called gamosepalous.", "separability": "Quality of being separable or divisible; divisibility; separableness.", @@ -69276,15 +61045,10 @@ "separative": "Causing, or being to cause, separation. \"Separative virtue of extreme cold.\" Boyle.", "separator": "One who, or that which, separates. Specifically: (a) (Steam Boilers) A device for depriving steam of particles of water mixed with it. (b) (Mining) An apparatus for sorting pulverized ores into grades, or separating them from gangue. (c) (Weaving) An instrument used for spreading apart the threads of the warp in the loom, etc.", "separators": "One who, or that which, separates. Specifically: (a) (Steam Boilers) A device for depriving steam of particles of water mixed with it. (b) (Mining) An apparatus for sorting pulverized ores into grades, or separating them from gangue. (c) (Weaving) An instrument used for spreading apart the threads of the warp in the loom, etc.", - "sephardi": null, "sepia": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) The common European cuttlefish. (b) A genus comprising the common cuttlefish and numerous similar species. See Illustr. under Cuttlefish. 2. A pigment prepared from the ink, or black secretion, of the sepia, or cuttlefish. Treated with caustic potash, it has a rich brown color; and this mixed with a red forms Roman sepia. Cf. India ink, under India. Sepia drawing or picture, a drawing in monochrome, made in sepia alone, or in sepia with other brown pigments.\n\nOf a dark brown color, with a little red in its composition; also, made of, or done in, sepia.", - "sepoy": "A native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, esp. of Great Britain; an Oriental soldier disciplined in the European manner.", "sepsis": "The poisoning of the system by the introduction of putrescent material into the blood.", - "sept": "A clan, tribe, or family, proceeding from a common progenitor; -- used especially of the ancient clans in Ireland. The chief, struck by the illustration, asked at once to be baptized, and all his sept followed his example. S. Lover.", "septa": null, "septal": "Of or pertaining to a septum or septa, as of a coral or a shell.", - "september": "The ninth month of the year, containing thurty days.", - "septembers": "The ninth month of the year, containing thurty days.", "septet": "1. A set of seven persons or objects; as, a septet of singers. 2. (Mus.) A musical composition for seven instruments or seven voices; -- called also septuor.", "septets": "1. A set of seven persons or objects; as, a septet of singers. 2. (Mus.) A musical composition for seven instruments or seven voices; -- called also septuor.", "septic": "Of the seventh degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the seventh degree.\n\nHaving power to promote putrefaction.\n\nA substance that promotes putrefaction.", @@ -69292,8 +61056,6 @@ "septicemic": null, "septuagenarian": "A person who is seventy years of age; a septuagenary.", "septuagenarians": "A person who is seventy years of age; a septuagenary.", - "septuagint": "A Greek version of the Old Testament; -- so called because it was believed to be the work of seventy (or rather of seventy-two) translators. Note: The causes which produced it [the Septuagint], the number and names of the translators, the times at which different portions were translated, are all uncertain. The only point in which all agree is that Alexandria was the birthplace of the version. On one other point there is a near agreement, namely, as to time, that the version was made, or at least commenced, in the time of the early Ptolemies, in the first half of the third century b.c. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.) Septuagint chronology, the chronology founded upon the dates of the Septuagint, which makes 1500 years more from the creation to Abraham than the Hebrew Bible.", - "septuagints": "A Greek version of the Old Testament; -- so called because it was believed to be the work of seventy (or rather of seventy-two) translators. Note: The causes which produced it [the Septuagint], the number and names of the translators, the times at which different portions were translated, are all uncertain. The only point in which all agree is that Alexandria was the birthplace of the version. On one other point there is a near agreement, namely, as to time, that the version was made, or at least commenced, in the time of the early Ptolemies, in the first half of the third century b.c. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.) Septuagint chronology, the chronology founded upon the dates of the Septuagint, which makes 1500 years more from the creation to Abraham than the Hebrew Bible.", "septum": "1. A wall separating two cavities; a partition; as, the nasal septum. 2. (Bot.) A partition that separates the cells of a fruit. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radial calcareous plates of a coral. (b) One of the transverse partitions dividing the shell of a mollusk, or of a rhizopod, into several chambers. See Illust. under Nautilus. (c) One of the transverse partitions dividing the body cavity of an annelid.", "sepulcher": "The place in which the dead body of a human being is interred, or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a tomb. The stony entrance of this sepulcher. Shak. The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulcher. John xx. 1. A whited sepulcher. Fig.: Any person who is fair outwardly but unclean or vile within. See Matt. xxiii.27.\n\nTo bury; to inter; to entomb; as, obscurely sepulchered. And so sepulchered in such pomp dost lie That kings for such a tomb would wish to die. Milton.", "sepulchered": null, @@ -69328,7 +61090,6 @@ "sequitur": null, "sequoia": "A genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species, Sequoia Washingtoniana, syn. S. gigantea, the \"big tree\" of California, and S. sempervirens, the redwood, both of which attain an immense height.", "sequoias": "A genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species, Sequoia Washingtoniana, syn. S. gigantea, the \"big tree\" of California, and S. sempervirens, the redwood, both of which attain an immense height.", - "sequoya": null, "seraglio": "1. An inclosure; a place of separation. [Obs.] I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a suburb, by themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea, where their seraglio begins. Evelyn. 2. The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish sultan, at Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and all the officers and dependents of his court. In it are also kept the females of the harem. 3. A harem; a place for keeping wives or concubines; sometimes, loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a house of debauchery.", "seraglios": "1. An inclosure; a place of separation. [Obs.] I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a suburb, by themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea, where their seraglio begins. Evelyn. 2. The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish sultan, at Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and all the officers and dependents of his court. In it are also kept the females of the harem. 3. A harem; a place for keeping wives or concubines; sometimes, loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a house of debauchery.", "serape": "A blanket or shawl worn as an outer garment by the Spanish Americans, as in Mexico.", @@ -69336,13 +61097,7 @@ "seraph": "One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs of wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is represented as one of a class of angels. Isa. vi. 2. As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, As the rapt seraph that adores and burns. Pope. Seraph moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of geometrid moths of the genus Lobophora, having the hind wings deeply bilobed, so that they seem to have six wings.", "seraphic": "Of or pertaining to a seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a seraph; angelic; sublime; pure; refined. \"Seraphic arms and trophies.\" Milton. \"Seraphical fervor.\" Jer. Taylor. -- Se*raph\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Se*raph\"ic*al*ness, n.", "seraphs": "One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs of wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is represented as one of a class of angels. Isa. vi. 2. As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, As the rapt seraph that adores and burns. Pope. Seraph moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of geometrid moths of the genus Lobophora, having the hind wings deeply bilobed, so that they seem to have six wings.", - "serb": null, - "serbia": null, - "serbian": null, - "serbians": null, - "serbs": null, "sere": "[OE. seer, AS. seár (assumed) fr. seárian to wither; akin to D. zoor dry, LG. soor, OHG. soren to to wither, Gr. sush) to dry, to wither, Zend hush to dry. sq. root152. Cf. Austere, Sorrel, a.] Dry; withered; no longer green; -- applied to leaves. Milton. I have lived long enough; my way of life Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf. Shak.\n\nDry; withered. Same as Sear. But with its sound it shook the sails That were so thin and sere. Coleridge.\n\nClaw; talon. [Obs.] Chapman.", - "serena": null, "serenade": "(a) Music sung or performed in the open air at nights; -- usually applied to musical entertainments given in the open air at night, especially by gentlemen, in a spirit of gallantry, under the windows of ladies. (b) A piece of music suitable to be performed at such times.\n\nTo entertain with a serenade.\n\nTo perform a serenade.", "serenaded": null, "serenades": "(a) Music sung or performed in the open air at nights; -- usually applied to musical entertainments given in the open air at night, especially by gentlemen, in a spirit of gallantry, under the windows of ladies. (b) A piece of music suitable to be performed at such times.\n\nTo entertain with a serenade.\n\nTo perform a serenade.", @@ -69354,7 +61109,6 @@ "sereneness": "Serenity. Feltham.", "serener": null, "serenest": null, - "serengeti": null, "serenity": "1. The quality or state of being serene; clearness and calmness; quietness; stillness; peace. A general peace and serenity newly succeeded a general trouble. Sir W. Temple. 2. Calmness of mind; eveness of temper; undisturbed state; coolness; composure. I can not see how any men should ever transgress those moral rules with confidence and serenity. Locke. Note: Serenity is given as a title to the members of certain princely families in Europe; as, Your Serenity.", "serer": null, "serest": null, @@ -69364,8 +61118,6 @@ "serge": "A woolen twilled stuff, much used as material for clothing for both sexes. Silk serge, a twilled silk fabric used mostly by tailors for lining parts of gentlemen's coats.\n\nA large wax candle used in the ceremonies of various churches.", "sergeant": "1. Formerly, in England, an officer nearly answering to the more modern bailiff of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest traitors and other offenders. He is now called sergeant-at-arms, and two of these officers, by allowance of the sovereign, attend on the houses of Parliament (one for each house) to execute their commands, and another attends the Court Chancery. The sergeant of the town of Rome them sought. Chaucer. The magistrates sent the serjeant, saying, Let those men go. Acts xvi. 35. This fell sergeant, Death, Is strict in his arrest. Shak. 2. (Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a noncommissioned officer next in rank above a corporal, whose duty is to instruct recruits in discipline, to form the ranks, etc. Note: In the United States service, besides the sergeants belonging to the companies there are, in each regiment, a sergeant major, who is the chief noncommissioned officer, and has important duties as the assistant to the adjutant; a quartermaster sergeant, who assists the quartermaster; a color sergeant, who carries the colors; and a commissary sergeant, who assists in the care and distribution of the stores. Ordnance sergeants have charge of the ammunition at military posts. 3. (Law) A lawyer of the highest rank, answering to the doctor of the civil law; -- called also serjeant at law. [Eng.] Blackstone. 4. A title sometimes given to the servants of the sovereign; as, sergeant surgeon, that is, a servant, or attendant, surgeon. [Eng.] 5. (Zoöl.) The cobia. Drill sergeant. (Mil.) See under Drill. -- Sergeant-at-arms, an officer of a legislative body, or of a deliberative or judicial assembly, who executes commands in preserving order and arresting offenders. See Sergeant, 1. -- Sergeant major. (a) (Mil.) See the Note under def. 2, above. (b) (Zoöl.) The cow pilot.", "sergeants": "1. Formerly, in England, an officer nearly answering to the more modern bailiff of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest traitors and other offenders. He is now called sergeant-at-arms, and two of these officers, by allowance of the sovereign, attend on the houses of Parliament (one for each house) to execute their commands, and another attends the Court Chancery. The sergeant of the town of Rome them sought. Chaucer. The magistrates sent the serjeant, saying, Let those men go. Acts xvi. 35. This fell sergeant, Death, Is strict in his arrest. Shak. 2. (Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a noncommissioned officer next in rank above a corporal, whose duty is to instruct recruits in discipline, to form the ranks, etc. Note: In the United States service, besides the sergeants belonging to the companies there are, in each regiment, a sergeant major, who is the chief noncommissioned officer, and has important duties as the assistant to the adjutant; a quartermaster sergeant, who assists the quartermaster; a color sergeant, who carries the colors; and a commissary sergeant, who assists in the care and distribution of the stores. Ordnance sergeants have charge of the ammunition at military posts. 3. (Law) A lawyer of the highest rank, answering to the doctor of the civil law; -- called also serjeant at law. [Eng.] Blackstone. 4. A title sometimes given to the servants of the sovereign; as, sergeant surgeon, that is, a servant, or attendant, surgeon. [Eng.] 5. (Zoöl.) The cobia. Drill sergeant. (Mil.) See under Drill. -- Sergeant-at-arms, an officer of a legislative body, or of a deliberative or judicial assembly, who executes commands in preserving order and arresting offenders. See Sergeant, 1. -- Sergeant major. (a) (Mil.) See the Note under def. 2, above. (b) (Zoöl.) The cow pilot.", - "sergei": null, - "sergio": null, "serial": "1. Of or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series; appearing in successive parts or numbers; as, a serial work or publication. \"Classification . . . may be more or less serial.\" H. Spencer. 2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to rows. Gray. Serial homology. (Biol.) See under Homology. -- Serial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry.\n\nA publication appearing in a series or succession of part; a tale, or other writing, published in successive numbers of a periodical.", "serializable": null, "serialization": null, @@ -69394,12 +61146,9 @@ "serology": null, "serotonin": null, "serous": "(a) Thin; watery; like serum; as the serous fluids. (b) Of or pertaining to serum; as, the serous glands, membranes, layers. See Serum. Serous membrane. (Anat.) See under Membrane.", - "serpens": "A constellation represented as a serpent held by Serpentarius.", "serpent": "1. (Zoöl.) Any reptile of the order Ophidia; a snake, especially a large snake. See Illust. under Ophidia. Note: The serpents are mostly long and slender, and move partly by bending the body into undulations or folds and pressing them against objects, and partly by using the free edges of their ventral scales to cling to rough surfaces. Many species glide swiftly over the ground, some burrow in the earth, others live in trees. A few are entirely aquatic, and swim rapidly. See Ophidia, and Fang. 2. Fig.: A subtle, treacherous, malicious person. 3. A species of firework having a serpentine motion as it passess through the air or along the ground. 4. (Astron.) The constellation Serpens. 5. (Mus.) A bass wind instrument, of a loud and coarse tone, formerly much used in military bands, and sometimes introduced into the orchestra; -- so called from its form. Pharaoh's serpent (Chem.), mercuric sulphocyanate, a combustible white substance which in burning gives off a poisonous vapor and leaves a peculiar brown voluminous residue which is expelled in a serpentine from. It is employed as a scientific toy. -- Serpent cucumber (Bot.), the long, slender, serpentine fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Trichosanthes colubrina; also, the plant itself. -- Serpent eage (Zoöl.), any one of several species of raptorial birds of the genera Circaëtus and Spilornis, which prey on serpents. They inhabit Africa, Southern Europe, and India. The European serpent eagle is Circaëtus Gallicus. -- Serpent eater. (Zoöl.) (a) The secretary bird. (b) An Asiatic antelope; the markhoor. -- Serpent fish (Zoöl.), a fish (Cepola rubescens) with a long, thin, compressed body, and a band of red running lengthwise. -- Serpent star (Zoöl.), an ophiuran; a brittle star. -- Serpent's tongue (Paleon.), the fossil tooth of a shark; -- so called from its resemblance to a tongue with its root. -- Serpent withe (Bot.), a West Indian climbing plant (Aristolochia odoratissima). -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), any species of African serpents belonging to the family Dendrophidæ.\n\nTo wind like a serpent; to crook about; to meander. [R.] \"The serpenting of the Thames.\" Evelyn.\n\nTo wind; to encircle. [R.] Evelyn.", "serpentine": "Resembling a serpent; having the shape or qualities of a serpent; subtle; winding or turning one way and the other, like a moving serpent; anfractuous; meandering; sinuous; zigzag; as, serpentine braid. Thy shape Like his, and color serpentine. Milton.\n\n1. (Min.) A mineral or rock consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of magnesia. It is usually of an obscure green color, often with a spotted or mottled appearance resembling a serpent's skin. Precious, or noble, serpentine is translucent and of a rich oil-green color. Note: Serpentine has been largely produced by the alteration of other minerals, especially of chrysolite. 2. (Ordnance) A kind of ancient cannon.\n\nTo serpentize. [R.] Lyttleton.", "serpents": "1. (Zoöl.) Any reptile of the order Ophidia; a snake, especially a large snake. See Illust. under Ophidia. Note: The serpents are mostly long and slender, and move partly by bending the body into undulations or folds and pressing them against objects, and partly by using the free edges of their ventral scales to cling to rough surfaces. Many species glide swiftly over the ground, some burrow in the earth, others live in trees. A few are entirely aquatic, and swim rapidly. See Ophidia, and Fang. 2. Fig.: A subtle, treacherous, malicious person. 3. A species of firework having a serpentine motion as it passess through the air or along the ground. 4. (Astron.) The constellation Serpens. 5. (Mus.) A bass wind instrument, of a loud and coarse tone, formerly much used in military bands, and sometimes introduced into the orchestra; -- so called from its form. Pharaoh's serpent (Chem.), mercuric sulphocyanate, a combustible white substance which in burning gives off a poisonous vapor and leaves a peculiar brown voluminous residue which is expelled in a serpentine from. It is employed as a scientific toy. -- Serpent cucumber (Bot.), the long, slender, serpentine fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Trichosanthes colubrina; also, the plant itself. -- Serpent eage (Zoöl.), any one of several species of raptorial birds of the genera Circaëtus and Spilornis, which prey on serpents. They inhabit Africa, Southern Europe, and India. The European serpent eagle is Circaëtus Gallicus. -- Serpent eater. (Zoöl.) (a) The secretary bird. (b) An Asiatic antelope; the markhoor. -- Serpent fish (Zoöl.), a fish (Cepola rubescens) with a long, thin, compressed body, and a band of red running lengthwise. -- Serpent star (Zoöl.), an ophiuran; a brittle star. -- Serpent's tongue (Paleon.), the fossil tooth of a shark; -- so called from its resemblance to a tongue with its root. -- Serpent withe (Bot.), a West Indian climbing plant (Aristolochia odoratissima). -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), any species of African serpents belonging to the family Dendrophidæ.\n\nTo wind like a serpent; to crook about; to meander. [R.] \"The serpenting of the Thames.\" Evelyn.\n\nTo wind; to encircle. [R.] Evelyn.", - "serra": null, - "serrano": null, "serrate": "1. Notched on the edge, like a saw. 2. (Bot.) Beset with teeth pointing forwards or upwards; as, serrate leaves. Doubly serrate, having small serratures upon the large ones, as the leaves of the elm. -- Serrate-ciliate, having fine hairs, like the eyelashes, on the serratures; -- said of a leaf. -- Serrate-dentate, having the serratures toothed.", "serrated": "1. Notched on the edge, like a saw. 2. (Bot.) Beset with teeth pointing forwards or upwards; as, serrate leaves. Doubly serrate, having small serratures upon the large ones, as the leaves of the elm. -- Serrate-ciliate, having fine hairs, like the eyelashes, on the serratures; -- said of a leaf. -- Serrate-dentate, having the serratures toothed.", "serration": "1. Condition of being serrate; formation in the shape of a saw. 2. One of the teeth in a serrate or serrulate margin.", @@ -69450,8 +61199,6 @@ "set": "1. To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified position or attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put; to fix; as, to set a house on a stone foundation; to set a book on a shelf; to set a dish on a table; to set a chest or trunk on its bottom or on end. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13. 2. Hence, to attach or affix (something) to something else, or in or upon a certain place. Set your affection on things above. Col. iii. 2. The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. iv. 15. 3. To make to assume specified place, condition, or occupation; to put in a certain condition or state (described by the accompanying words); to cause to be. The Lord thy God will set thee on hihg. Deut. xxviii. 1. I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother. Matt. x. 35. Every incident sets him thinking. Coleridge. 4. To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or stable; to render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form, or condition to. Specifically: -- (a) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fsten to a spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass; as, to set a coach in the mud. They show how hard they are set in this particular. Addison. (b) To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as, to set one's countenance. His eyes were set by reason of his age. 1 Kings xiv. 4. On these three objects his heart was set. Macaulay. Make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a flint. Tennyson. (c) To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to plant; as, to set pear trees in an orchard. (d) To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of metal; to place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid something which serves as a setting; as, to set glass in a sash. And him too rich a jewel to be set In vulgar metal for a vulgar use. Dryden. (e) To render stiff or solid; especially, to convert into curd; to curdle; as, to set milk for cheese. 5. To put into a desired position or condition; to adjust; to regulate; to adapt. Specifically: -- (a) To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare; as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw. Tables for to sette, and beddes make. Chaucer. (b) To extend and bring into position; to spread; as, to set the sails of a ship. (c) To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by fixing the keynote; as, to set a psalm. Fielding. (d) To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; to replace; as, to set a broken bone. (e) To make to agree with some standard; as, to set a watch or a clock. (f) (Masonry) To lower into place and fix silidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure. 6. To stake at play; to wager; to risk. I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 7. To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes; to prepare for singing. Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute. Dryden. 8. To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix; as, to set a time for a meeting; to set a price on a horse. 9. To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to stud; to variegate with objects placed here and there. High on their heads, with jewels richly set, Each lady wore a radiant coronet. Dryden. Pastoral dales thin set with modern farms. Wordsworth. 10. To value; to rate; -- with at. Be you contented, wearing now the garland, To have a son set your decrees at naught. Shak. I do not set my life at a pin's fee. Shak. 11. To point out the seat or position of, as birds, or other game; -- said of hunting dogs. 12. To establish as a rule; to furnish; to prescribe; to assign; as, to set an example; to set lessons to be learned. 13. To suit; to become; as, it sets him ill. [Scot.] 14. (Print.) To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.; as, to set type; to set a page. To set abroach. See Abroach. [Obs.] Shak. -- To set against, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one thing against another. -- To set agoing, to cause to move. -- To set apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate from the rest; to reserve. -- To set a saw, to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one being bent to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side, so that the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking. -- To set aside. (a) To leave out of account; to pass by; to omit; to neglect; to reject; to annul. Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that. Tillotson. (b) To set apart; to reserve; as, to set aside part of one's income. (c) (Law) See under Aside. -- To set at defiance, to defy. -- To set at ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the heart at ease. -- To set at naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise. \"Ye have set at naught all my counsel.\" Prov. i. 25. -- To set a trap, snare, or gin, to put it in a proper condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a plan to deceive and draw another into one's power. -- To set at work, or To set to work. (a) To cause to enter on work or action, or to direct how tu enter on work. (b) To apply one's self; -- used reflexively. -- To set before. (a) To bring out to view before; to exhibit. (b) To propose for choice to; to offer to. -- To set by. (a) To set apart or on one side; to reject. (b) To attach the value of (anything) to. \"I set not a straw by thy dreamings.\" Chaucer. -- To set by the compass, to observe and note the bearing or situation of by the compass. -- To set case, to suppose; to assume. Cf. Put case, under Put, v. t. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To set down. (a) To enter in writing; to register. Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army. Clarendon. (b) To fix; to establish; to ordain. This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . . hath set down with himself, for himself to do all things by. Hooker. (c) To humiliate. -- To set eyes on, to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on. -- To set fire to, or To set on fire, to communicate fire to; fig., to inflame; to enkindle the passions of; to irritate. -- To set flying (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets, etc., instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; -- said of a sail. -- To set forth. (a) To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt; to display. (b) To publish; to promulgate; to make appear. Waller. (c) To send out; to prepare and send. [Obs.] The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set forth by the Venetians. Knolles. -- To set forward. (a) To cause to advance. (b) To promote. -- To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or bondage; to liberate; to emancipate. -- To set in, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to. [Obs.] If you please to assist and set me in, I will recollect myself. Collier. -- To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method. \"The rest will I set in order when I come.\" 1 Cor. xi. 34. -- To set milk. (a) To expose it in open dishes in order that the cream may rise to the surface. (b) To cause it to become curdled as by the action of rennet. See 4 (e). -- To set much, or little, by, to care much, or little, for. -- To set of, to value; to set by. [Obs.] \"I set not an haw of his proverbs.\" Chaucer. -- To set off. (a) To separate from a whole; to assign to a particular purpose; to portion off; as, to set off a portion of an estate. (b) To adorn; to decorate; to embellish. They . . . set off the worst faces with the best airs. Addison. (c) To give a flattering description of. -- To set off against, to place against as an equivalent; as, to set off one man's services against another's. -- To set on or upon. (a) To incite; to instigate. \"Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this.\" Shak. (b) To employ, as in a task. \" Set on thy wife to observe.\" Shak. (c) To fix upon; to attach strongly to; as, to set one's heart or affections on some object. See definition 2, above. -- To set one's cap for. See under Cap, n. -- To set one's self against, to place one's self in a state of enmity or opposition to. -- To set one's teeth, to press them together tightly. -- To set on foot, to set going; to put in motion; to start. -- To set out. (a) To assign; to allot; to mark off; to limit; as, to set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an estate; to set out the widow's thirds. (b) To publish, as a proclamation. [Obs.] (c) To adorn; to embellish. An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with jewels, nothing can become. Dryden. (d) To raise, equip, and send forth; to furnish. [R.] The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case of great necessity, thirty men-of-war. Addison. (e) To show; to display; to recommend; to set off. I could set out that best side of Luther. Atterbury. (f) To show; to prove. [R.] \"Those very reasons set out how heinous his sin was.\" Atterbury. (g) (Law) To recite; to state at large. -- To set over. (a) To appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector, ruler, or commander. (b) To assign; to transfer; to convey. -- To set right, to correct; to put in order. -- To set sail. (Naut.) See under Sail, n. -- To set store by, to consider valuable. -- To set the fashion, to determine what shall be the fashion; to establish the mode. -- To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with them. -- To set the watch (Naut.), to place the starboard or port watch on duty. -- To set to, to attach to; to affix to. \"He . . . hath set to his seal that God is true.\" John iii. 33. -- To set up. (a) To erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set up a building, or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar. (b) Hence, to exalt; to put in power. \"I will . . . set up the throne of David over Israel.\" 2 Sam. iii. 10. (c) To begin, as a new institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to set up a manufactory; to set up a school. (d) To enable to commence a new business; as, to set up a son in trade. (e) To place in view; as, to set up a mark. (f) To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the voice. I'll set up such a note as she shall hear. Dryden. (g) To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as, to set up a new opinion or doctrine. T. Burnet. (h) To raise from depression, or to a sufficient fortune; as, this good fortune quite set him up. (i) To intoxicate. [Slang] (j) (Print.) To put in type; as, to set up copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready for printing; as, to set up type. -- To set up the rigging (Naut.), to make it taut by means of tackles. R. H. Dana, Jr. Syn. -- See Put.\n\n1. To pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of sight; to come to an end. Ere the weary sun set in the west. Shak. Thus this century sets with little mirth, and the next is likely to arise with more mourning. Fuller. 2. To fit music to words. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To place plants or shoots in the ground; to plant. \"To sow dry, and set wet.\" Old Proverb. 4. To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin to germinate or form; as, cuttings set well; the fruit has set well (i. e., not blasted in the blossom). 5. To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened. A gathering and serring of the spirits together to resist, maketh the teeth to set hard one against another. Bacon. 6. To congeal; to concrete; to solidify. That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set. Boyle. 7. To have a certain direction in motion; to flow; to move on; to tend; as, the current sets to the north; the tide sets to the windward. 8. To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start; -- now followed by out. The king is set from London. Shak. 9. To indicate the position of game; -- said of a dog; as, the dog sets well; also, to hunt game by the aid of a setter. 10. To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; -- now followed by out. If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform the commands of Christ, he can have no ground of doubting but it shall prove successful to him. Hammond. 11. To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat sets well. Note: [Colloquially used, but improperly, for sit.] Note: The use of the verb set for sit in such expressions as, the hen is setting on thirteen eggs; a setting hen, etc., although colloquially common, and sometimes tolerated in serious writing, is not to be approved. To set about, to commence; to begin. -- To set forward, to move or march; to begin to march; to advance. -- To set forth, to begin a journey. -- To set in. (a) To begin; to enter upon a particular state; as, winter set in early. (b) To settle one's self; to become established. \"When the weather was set in to be very bad.\" Addyson. (c) To flow toward the shore; -- said of the tide. -- To set off. (a) To enter upon a journey; to start. (b) (Typog.) To deface or soil the next sheet; -- said of the ink on a freshly printed sheet, when another sheet comes in contract with it before it has had time to dry. -- To set on or upon. (a) To begin, as a journey or enterprise; to set about. He that would seriously set upon the search of truth. Locke. (b) To assault; to make an attack. Bacon. Cassio hath here been set on in the dark. Shak. -- To set out, to begin a journey or course; as, to set out for London, or from London; to set out in business;to set out in life or the world. -- To set to, to apply one's self to. -- To set up. (a) To begin business or a scheme of life; as, to set up in trade; to set up for one's self. (b) To profess openly; to make pretensions. Those men who set up for mortality without regard to religion, are generally but virtuous in part. Swift.\n\n1. Fixed in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a set countenance. 2. Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as, set opinions or prejudices. 3. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set discourse; a set battle. \"The set phrase of peace.\" Shak. 4. Established; prescribed; as, set forms of prayer. 5. Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted. Set hammer. (a) A hammer the head of which is not tightly fastened upon the handle, but may be reversed. Knight. (b) A hammer with a concave face which forms a die for shaping anything, as the end of a bolt, rivet, etc. -- Set line, a line to which a number of baited hooks are attached, and which, supported by floats and properly secured, may be left unguarded during the absence of the fisherman. -- Set nut, a jam nut or lock nut. See under Nut. -- Set screw (Mach.), a screw, sometimes cupped or printed at one end, and screwed through one part, as of a machine, tightly upon another part, to prevent the one from slipping upon the other. -- Set speech, a speech carefully prepared before it is delivered in public; a formal or methodical speech.\n\n1. The act of setting, as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent; hence, the close; termination. \"Locking at the set of day.\" Tennyson. The weary sun hath made a golden set. Shak. 2. That which is set, placed, or fixed. Specifically: -- (a) A young plant for growth; as, a set of white thorn. (b) That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a game at venture. [Obs. or R.] We will in France, by God's grace, play a set Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard. Shak. That was but civil war, an equal set. Dryden. (c) (Mech.) Permanent change of figure in consequence of excessive strain, as from compression, tension, bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of a spring. (d) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving shape to, metal; as, a saw set. (e) (Pile Driving) A piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot be reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an intervening piece. [Often incorrectly written sett.] (f) (Carp.) A short steel spike used for driving the head of a nail below the surface. 3. Etym: [Perhaps due to confusion with sect, sept.] A number of things of the same kind, ordinarily used or classed together; a collection of articles which naturally complement each other, and usually go together; an assortment; a suit; as, a set of chairs, of china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books, etc. [In this sense, sometimes incorrectly written sett.] 4. A number of persons associated by custom, office, common opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a group; a clique. \"Others of our set.\" Tennyson. This falls into different divisions, or sets, of nations connected under particular religions. R. P. Ward. 5. Direction or course; as, the set of the wind, or of a current. 6. In dancing, the number of persons necessary to execute a quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements executed. 7. The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a saw, which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening, wider than the blade. 8. (a) A young oyster when first attached. (b) Collectively, the crop of young oysters in any locality. 9. (Tennis) A series of as many games as may be necessary to enable one side to win six. If at the end of the tenth game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a deuce set, and decided by an application of the rules for playing off deuce in a game. See Deuce. 10. (Type Founding) That dimension of the body of a type called by printers the width. Dead set. (a) The act of a setter dog when it discovers the game, and remains intently fixed in pointing it out. (b) A fixed or stationary condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to be at a dead set. (c) A concerted scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined onset. -- To make a dead set, to make a determined onset, literally or figuratively. Syn. -- Collection; series; group. See Pair.", "setback": "1. (Arch.) Offset, n., 4. 2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy. [U. S.] 3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a relapse. [Colloq. U.S.]", "setbacks": "1. (Arch.) Offset, n., 4. 2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy. [U. S.] 3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a relapse. [Colloq. U.S.]", - "seth": null, - "seton": "A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen or the like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to form an issue; also, the issue so formed.", "sets": "1. To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified position or attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put; to fix; as, to set a house on a stone foundation; to set a book on a shelf; to set a dish on a table; to set a chest or trunk on its bottom or on end. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13. 2. Hence, to attach or affix (something) to something else, or in or upon a certain place. Set your affection on things above. Col. iii. 2. The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. iv. 15. 3. To make to assume specified place, condition, or occupation; to put in a certain condition or state (described by the accompanying words); to cause to be. The Lord thy God will set thee on hihg. Deut. xxviii. 1. I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother. Matt. x. 35. Every incident sets him thinking. Coleridge. 4. To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or stable; to render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form, or condition to. Specifically: -- (a) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fsten to a spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass; as, to set a coach in the mud. They show how hard they are set in this particular. Addison. (b) To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as, to set one's countenance. His eyes were set by reason of his age. 1 Kings xiv. 4. On these three objects his heart was set. Macaulay. Make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a flint. Tennyson. (c) To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to plant; as, to set pear trees in an orchard. (d) To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of metal; to place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid something which serves as a setting; as, to set glass in a sash. And him too rich a jewel to be set In vulgar metal for a vulgar use. Dryden. (e) To render stiff or solid; especially, to convert into curd; to curdle; as, to set milk for cheese. 5. To put into a desired position or condition; to adjust; to regulate; to adapt. Specifically: -- (a) To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare; as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw. Tables for to sette, and beddes make. Chaucer. (b) To extend and bring into position; to spread; as, to set the sails of a ship. (c) To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by fixing the keynote; as, to set a psalm. Fielding. (d) To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; to replace; as, to set a broken bone. (e) To make to agree with some standard; as, to set a watch or a clock. (f) (Masonry) To lower into place and fix silidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure. 6. To stake at play; to wager; to risk. I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 7. To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes; to prepare for singing. Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute. Dryden. 8. To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix; as, to set a time for a meeting; to set a price on a horse. 9. To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to stud; to variegate with objects placed here and there. High on their heads, with jewels richly set, Each lady wore a radiant coronet. Dryden. Pastoral dales thin set with modern farms. Wordsworth. 10. To value; to rate; -- with at. Be you contented, wearing now the garland, To have a son set your decrees at naught. Shak. I do not set my life at a pin's fee. Shak. 11. To point out the seat or position of, as birds, or other game; -- said of hunting dogs. 12. To establish as a rule; to furnish; to prescribe; to assign; as, to set an example; to set lessons to be learned. 13. To suit; to become; as, it sets him ill. [Scot.] 14. (Print.) To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.; as, to set type; to set a page. To set abroach. See Abroach. [Obs.] Shak. -- To set against, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one thing against another. -- To set agoing, to cause to move. -- To set apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate from the rest; to reserve. -- To set a saw, to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one being bent to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side, so that the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking. -- To set aside. (a) To leave out of account; to pass by; to omit; to neglect; to reject; to annul. Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that. Tillotson. (b) To set apart; to reserve; as, to set aside part of one's income. (c) (Law) See under Aside. -- To set at defiance, to defy. -- To set at ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the heart at ease. -- To set at naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise. \"Ye have set at naught all my counsel.\" Prov. i. 25. -- To set a trap, snare, or gin, to put it in a proper condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a plan to deceive and draw another into one's power. -- To set at work, or To set to work. (a) To cause to enter on work or action, or to direct how tu enter on work. (b) To apply one's self; -- used reflexively. -- To set before. (a) To bring out to view before; to exhibit. (b) To propose for choice to; to offer to. -- To set by. (a) To set apart or on one side; to reject. (b) To attach the value of (anything) to. \"I set not a straw by thy dreamings.\" Chaucer. -- To set by the compass, to observe and note the bearing or situation of by the compass. -- To set case, to suppose; to assume. Cf. Put case, under Put, v. t. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To set down. (a) To enter in writing; to register. Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army. Clarendon. (b) To fix; to establish; to ordain. This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . . hath set down with himself, for himself to do all things by. Hooker. (c) To humiliate. -- To set eyes on, to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on. -- To set fire to, or To set on fire, to communicate fire to; fig., to inflame; to enkindle the passions of; to irritate. -- To set flying (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets, etc., instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; -- said of a sail. -- To set forth. (a) To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt; to display. (b) To publish; to promulgate; to make appear. Waller. (c) To send out; to prepare and send. [Obs.] The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set forth by the Venetians. Knolles. -- To set forward. (a) To cause to advance. (b) To promote. -- To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or bondage; to liberate; to emancipate. -- To set in, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to. [Obs.] If you please to assist and set me in, I will recollect myself. Collier. -- To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method. \"The rest will I set in order when I come.\" 1 Cor. xi. 34. -- To set milk. (a) To expose it in open dishes in order that the cream may rise to the surface. (b) To cause it to become curdled as by the action of rennet. See 4 (e). -- To set much, or little, by, to care much, or little, for. -- To set of, to value; to set by. [Obs.] \"I set not an haw of his proverbs.\" Chaucer. -- To set off. (a) To separate from a whole; to assign to a particular purpose; to portion off; as, to set off a portion of an estate. (b) To adorn; to decorate; to embellish. They . . . set off the worst faces with the best airs. Addison. (c) To give a flattering description of. -- To set off against, to place against as an equivalent; as, to set off one man's services against another's. -- To set on or upon. (a) To incite; to instigate. \"Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this.\" Shak. (b) To employ, as in a task. \" Set on thy wife to observe.\" Shak. (c) To fix upon; to attach strongly to; as, to set one's heart or affections on some object. See definition 2, above. -- To set one's cap for. See under Cap, n. -- To set one's self against, to place one's self in a state of enmity or opposition to. -- To set one's teeth, to press them together tightly. -- To set on foot, to set going; to put in motion; to start. -- To set out. (a) To assign; to allot; to mark off; to limit; as, to set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an estate; to set out the widow's thirds. (b) To publish, as a proclamation. [Obs.] (c) To adorn; to embellish. An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with jewels, nothing can become. Dryden. (d) To raise, equip, and send forth; to furnish. [R.] The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case of great necessity, thirty men-of-war. Addison. (e) To show; to display; to recommend; to set off. I could set out that best side of Luther. Atterbury. (f) To show; to prove. [R.] \"Those very reasons set out how heinous his sin was.\" Atterbury. (g) (Law) To recite; to state at large. -- To set over. (a) To appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector, ruler, or commander. (b) To assign; to transfer; to convey. -- To set right, to correct; to put in order. -- To set sail. (Naut.) See under Sail, n. -- To set store by, to consider valuable. -- To set the fashion, to determine what shall be the fashion; to establish the mode. -- To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with them. -- To set the watch (Naut.), to place the starboard or port watch on duty. -- To set to, to attach to; to affix to. \"He . . . hath set to his seal that God is true.\" John iii. 33. -- To set up. (a) To erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set up a building, or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar. (b) Hence, to exalt; to put in power. \"I will . . . set up the throne of David over Israel.\" 2 Sam. iii. 10. (c) To begin, as a new institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to set up a manufactory; to set up a school. (d) To enable to commence a new business; as, to set up a son in trade. (e) To place in view; as, to set up a mark. (f) To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the voice. I'll set up such a note as she shall hear. Dryden. (g) To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as, to set up a new opinion or doctrine. T. Burnet. (h) To raise from depression, or to a sufficient fortune; as, this good fortune quite set him up. (i) To intoxicate. [Slang] (j) (Print.) To put in type; as, to set up copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready for printing; as, to set up type. -- To set up the rigging (Naut.), to make it taut by means of tackles. R. H. Dana, Jr. Syn. -- See Put.\n\n1. To pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of sight; to come to an end. Ere the weary sun set in the west. Shak. Thus this century sets with little mirth, and the next is likely to arise with more mourning. Fuller. 2. To fit music to words. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To place plants or shoots in the ground; to plant. \"To sow dry, and set wet.\" Old Proverb. 4. To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin to germinate or form; as, cuttings set well; the fruit has set well (i. e., not blasted in the blossom). 5. To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened. A gathering and serring of the spirits together to resist, maketh the teeth to set hard one against another. Bacon. 6. To congeal; to concrete; to solidify. That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set. Boyle. 7. To have a certain direction in motion; to flow; to move on; to tend; as, the current sets to the north; the tide sets to the windward. 8. To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start; -- now followed by out. The king is set from London. Shak. 9. To indicate the position of game; -- said of a dog; as, the dog sets well; also, to hunt game by the aid of a setter. 10. To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; -- now followed by out. If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform the commands of Christ, he can have no ground of doubting but it shall prove successful to him. Hammond. 11. To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat sets well. Note: [Colloquially used, but improperly, for sit.] Note: The use of the verb set for sit in such expressions as, the hen is setting on thirteen eggs; a setting hen, etc., although colloquially common, and sometimes tolerated in serious writing, is not to be approved. To set about, to commence; to begin. -- To set forward, to move or march; to begin to march; to advance. -- To set forth, to begin a journey. -- To set in. (a) To begin; to enter upon a particular state; as, winter set in early. (b) To settle one's self; to become established. \"When the weather was set in to be very bad.\" Addyson. (c) To flow toward the shore; -- said of the tide. -- To set off. (a) To enter upon a journey; to start. (b) (Typog.) To deface or soil the next sheet; -- said of the ink on a freshly printed sheet, when another sheet comes in contract with it before it has had time to dry. -- To set on or upon. (a) To begin, as a journey or enterprise; to set about. He that would seriously set upon the search of truth. Locke. (b) To assault; to make an attack. Bacon. Cassio hath here been set on in the dark. Shak. -- To set out, to begin a journey or course; as, to set out for London, or from London; to set out in business;to set out in life or the world. -- To set to, to apply one's self to. -- To set up. (a) To begin business or a scheme of life; as, to set up in trade; to set up for one's self. (b) To profess openly; to make pretensions. Those men who set up for mortality without regard to religion, are generally but virtuous in part. Swift.\n\n1. Fixed in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a set countenance. 2. Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as, set opinions or prejudices. 3. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set discourse; a set battle. \"The set phrase of peace.\" Shak. 4. Established; prescribed; as, set forms of prayer. 5. Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted. Set hammer. (a) A hammer the head of which is not tightly fastened upon the handle, but may be reversed. Knight. (b) A hammer with a concave face which forms a die for shaping anything, as the end of a bolt, rivet, etc. -- Set line, a line to which a number of baited hooks are attached, and which, supported by floats and properly secured, may be left unguarded during the absence of the fisherman. -- Set nut, a jam nut or lock nut. See under Nut. -- Set screw (Mach.), a screw, sometimes cupped or printed at one end, and screwed through one part, as of a machine, tightly upon another part, to prevent the one from slipping upon the other. -- Set speech, a speech carefully prepared before it is delivered in public; a formal or methodical speech.\n\n1. The act of setting, as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent; hence, the close; termination. \"Locking at the set of day.\" Tennyson. The weary sun hath made a golden set. Shak. 2. That which is set, placed, or fixed. Specifically: -- (a) A young plant for growth; as, a set of white thorn. (b) That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a game at venture. [Obs. or R.] We will in France, by God's grace, play a set Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard. Shak. That was but civil war, an equal set. Dryden. (c) (Mech.) Permanent change of figure in consequence of excessive strain, as from compression, tension, bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of a spring. (d) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving shape to, metal; as, a saw set. (e) (Pile Driving) A piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot be reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an intervening piece. [Often incorrectly written sett.] (f) (Carp.) A short steel spike used for driving the head of a nail below the surface. 3. Etym: [Perhaps due to confusion with sect, sept.] A number of things of the same kind, ordinarily used or classed together; a collection of articles which naturally complement each other, and usually go together; an assortment; a suit; as, a set of chairs, of china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books, etc. [In this sense, sometimes incorrectly written sett.] 4. A number of persons associated by custom, office, common opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a group; a clique. \"Others of our set.\" Tennyson. This falls into different divisions, or sets, of nations connected under particular religions. R. P. Ward. 5. Direction or course; as, the set of the wind, or of a current. 6. In dancing, the number of persons necessary to execute a quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements executed. 7. The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a saw, which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening, wider than the blade. 8. (a) A young oyster when first attached. (b) Collectively, the crop of young oysters in any locality. 9. (Tennis) A series of as many games as may be necessary to enable one side to win six. If at the end of the tenth game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a deuce set, and decided by an application of the rules for playing off deuce in a game. See Deuce. 10. (Type Founding) That dimension of the body of a type called by printers the width. Dead set. (a) The act of a setter dog when it discovers the game, and remains intently fixed in pointing it out. (b) A fixed or stationary condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to be at a dead set. (c) A concerted scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined onset. -- To make a dead set, to make a determined onset, literally or figuratively. Syn. -- Collection; series; group. See Pair.", "setscrew": null, "setscrews": null, @@ -69476,9 +61223,6 @@ "setts": "See Set, n., 2 (e) and 3.", "setup": null, "setups": null, - "seurat": null, - "seuss": null, - "sevastopol": null, "seven": "One more than six; six and one added; as, seven days make one week. Seven sciences. See the Note under Science, n., 4. -- Seven stars (Astron.), the Pleiades. -- Seven wonders of the world. See under Wonders. -- Seven-year apple (Bot.), a rubiaceous shrub (Genipa clusiifolia) growing in the West Indies; also, its edible fruit. -- Seven-year vine (Bot.), a tropical climbing plant (Ipomoea tuberosa) related to the morning-glory.\n\n1. The number greater by one than six; seven units or objects. Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, Game sevens and pairs. Milton. 2. A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or vii.", "sevens": "One more than six; six and one added; as, seven days make one week. Seven sciences. See the Note under Science, n., 4. -- Seven stars (Astron.), the Pleiades. -- Seven wonders of the world. See under Wonders. -- Seven-year apple (Bot.), a rubiaceous shrub (Genipa clusiifolia) growing in the West Indies; also, its edible fruit. -- Seven-year vine (Bot.), a tropical climbing plant (Ipomoea tuberosa) related to the morning-glory.\n\n1. The number greater by one than six; seven units or objects. Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, Game sevens and pairs. Milton. 2. A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or vii.", "seventeen": "One more than sixteen; ten and seven added; as, seventeen years.\n\n1. The number greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and seven; seventeen units or objects. 2. A symbol denoting seventeen units, as 17, or xvii.", @@ -69504,14 +61248,9 @@ "severest": null, "severing": null, "severity": "The quality or state of being severe. Specifically: -- (a) Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or a reproof; severity of discipline or government; severity of penalties. \"Strict age, and sour severity.\" Milton. (b) The quality or power of distressing or paining; extreme degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the severity of pain or anguish; the severity of cold or heat; the severity of the winter. (c) Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as, severity practiced on prisoners of war. (d) Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as, the severity of a test. Confining myself to the severity of truth. Dryden.", - "severn": null, "severs": "1. To separate, as one from another; to cut off from something; to divide; to part in any way, especially by violence, as by cutting, rending, etc.; as, to sever the head from the body. The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just. Matt. xiii. 49. 2. To cut or break open or apart; to divide into parts; to cut through; to disjoin; as, to sever the arm or leg. Our state can not be severed; we are one. Milton. 3. To keep distinct or apart; to except; to exempt. I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there. Ex. viii. 22. 4. (Law) To disunite; to disconnect; to terminate; as, to sever an estate in joint tenancy. Blackstone.\n\n1. To suffer disjunction; to be parted, or rent asunder; to be separated; to part; to separate. Shak. 2. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish. The Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt. Ex. ix. 4. They claimed the right of severing in their challenge. Macaulay.", - "severus": null, - "seville": null, - "sevres": null, "sew": "Juice; gravy; a seasoned dish; a delicacy. [Obs.] Gower. I will not tell of their strange sewes. Chaucer.\n\nTo follow; to pursue; to sue. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.\n\n1. To unite or fasten together by stitches, as with a needle and thread. No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old garment. Mark ii. 21. 2. To close or stop by ssewing; -- often with up; as, to sew up a rip. 3. To inclose by sewing; -- sometimes with up; as, to sew money in a bag.\n\nTo practice sewing; to work with needle and thread.\n\nTo drain, as a pond, for taking the fish. [Obs.] Tusser.", "sewage": "1. The contents of a sewer or drain; refuse liquids or matter carried off by sewers 2. Sewerage, 2.", - "seward": null, "sewed": null, "sewer": "1. One who sews, or stitches. 2. (Zoöl.) A small tortricid moth whose larva sews together the edges of a leaf by means of silk; as, the apple-leaf sewer (Phoxopteris nubeculana)\n\nA drain or passage to carry off water and filth under ground; a subterraneous channel, particularly in cities.\n\nFormerly, an upper servant, or household officer, who set on and removed the dishes at a feast, and who also brought water for the hands of the guests. Then the sewer Poured water from a great and golden ewer, That from their hands to a silver caldron ran. Chapman.", "sewerage": "1. The construction of a sewer or sewers. 2. The system of sewers in a city, town, etc.; the general drainage of a city or town by means of sewers. 3. The material collected in, and discharged by, sewers. [In this sense sewage is preferable and common.]", @@ -69538,7 +61277,6 @@ "sexology": null, "sexpot": null, "sexpots": null, - "sextans": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as. 2. (Astron.) A constellation on the equator south of Leo; the Sextant.", "sextant": "1. (Math.) The sixth part of a circle. 2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle. See Quadrant. 3. (Astron.) The constellation Sextans. Box sextant, a small sextant inclosed in a cylindrical case to make it more portable.", "sextants": "1. (Math.) The sixth part of a circle. 2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle. See Quadrant. 3. (Astron.) The constellation Sextans. Box sextant, a small sextant inclosed in a cylindrical case to make it more portable.", "sextet": "See Sestet.", @@ -69552,14 +61290,8 @@ "sexuality": "The quality or state of being distinguished by sex. Lindley.", "sexually": "In a sexual manner or relation.", "sexy": null, - "seychelles": null, - "seyfert": null, - "seymour": null, "sf": null, - "sgml": null, - "sgt": null, "sh": null, - "shaanxi": null, "shabbier": null, "shabbiest": null, "shabbily": "In a shabby manner.", @@ -69571,7 +61303,6 @@ "shackle": "Stubble. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.\n\n1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter. His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean. Spenser. 2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free action. His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South. 3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament. Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings made of gold, and gold shackles about their legs and arms. Dampier. 4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a movable bolt, so that the parts can be separated, or the loop removed; a clevis. 5. A link for connecting railroad cars; -- called also drawlink, draglink, etc. 6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which it is hung to the staple. Knight. Shackle joint (Anat.), a joint formed by a bony ring passing through a hole in a bone, as at the bases of spines in some fishes.\n\n1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain. To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn Of gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief. J. Philips. 2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber. Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom could pursue that object. Walpole. 3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.] Shackle bar, the coupling between a locomotive and its tender. [U.S.] -- Shackle bolt, a shackle. Sir W. Scott.", "shackled": null, "shackles": "Stubble. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.\n\n1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter. His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean. Spenser. 2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free action. His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South. 3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament. Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings made of gold, and gold shackles about their legs and arms. Dampier. 4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a movable bolt, so that the parts can be separated, or the loop removed; a clevis. 5. A link for connecting railroad cars; -- called also drawlink, draglink, etc. 6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which it is hung to the staple. Knight. Shackle joint (Anat.), a joint formed by a bony ring passing through a hole in a bone, as at the bases of spines in some fishes.\n\n1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain. To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn Of gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief. J. Philips. 2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber. Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom could pursue that object. Walpole. 3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.] Shackle bar, the coupling between a locomotive and its tender. [U.S.] -- Shackle bolt, a shackle. Sir W. Scott.", - "shackleton": null, "shackling": null, "shacks": "1. To shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. 2. To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn. [Prov. Eng.] 3. To wander as a vagabond or a tramp. [Prev.Eng.]\n\n1. The grain left after harvest or gleaning; also, nuts which have fallen to the ground. [Prov. Eng.] 2. Liberty of winter pasturage. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. All the poor old shacks about the town found a friend in Deacon Marble. H. W. Beecher. Common of shack (Eng.Law), the right of persons occupying lands lying together in the same common field to turn out their cattle to range in it after harvest. Cowell.", "shad": "Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (C. alosa), and the twaite shad. (C. finta), are less important species. [Written also chad.] Note: The name is loosely applied, also, to several other fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under Gizzard), called also mud shad, white- eyed shad, and winter shad. Hardboaded, or Yellow-tailed, shad, the menhaden. -- Hickory, or Tailor, shad, the mattowacca. -- Long-boned shad, one of several species of important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres. -- Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier (A. Canadensis, and A. alnifolia) Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called service tree, and Juneberry. -- Shad frog, an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); -- so called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in the rivers. -- Trout shad, the squeteague. -- White shad,the common shad.", @@ -69597,7 +61328,6 @@ "shadowy": "1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow. \"Shadowy verdure.\" Fenton. This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak. 2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. \"The shadowy past.\" Longfellow. 3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light. The moon . . . with more pleasing light, Shadowy sets off the face things. Milton. 4. Faintly representative; hence, typical. From sshadowy types to truth, from flesh to spirit. Milton. 5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as, shadowy honor. Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death. Addison.", "shads": "Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (C. alosa), and the twaite shad. (C. finta), are less important species. [Written also chad.] Note: The name is loosely applied, also, to several other fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under Gizzard), called also mud shad, white- eyed shad, and winter shad. Hardboaded, or Yellow-tailed, shad, the menhaden. -- Hickory, or Tailor, shad, the mattowacca. -- Long-boned shad, one of several species of important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres. -- Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier (A. Canadensis, and A. alnifolia) Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called service tree, and Juneberry. -- Shad frog, an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); -- so called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in the rivers. -- Trout shad, the squeteague. -- White shad,the common shad.", "shady": "1. Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing shade. The shady trees cover him with their shadow. Job. xl. 22. And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden. 2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat. Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for summer and warm for winter. Bacon. 3. Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence, unfit to be seen or known; equivocal; dubious or corrupt. [Colloq.] \"A shady business.\" London Sat. Rev. Shady characters, disreputable, criminal. London Spectator. On the shady side of, on the thither side of; as, on the shady side of fifty; that is, more than fifty. [Colloq.] -- To keep shady, to stay in concealment; also, to be reticent. [Slang]", - "shaffer": null, "shaft": "1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow. His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft. Chaucer. A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele [stale], the feathers, and the head. Ascham. 2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be thrown or darted; as, shafts of light. And the thunder, Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage, Perhaps hath spent his shafts. Milton. Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been attacked with all the shafts of ridicule. V. Knox. 3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or handle of an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially when cylindrical. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant. (b) (Zoöl.) The stem or midrib of a feather. See Illust. of Feather. (c) The pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill. (d) The part of a candlestick which supports its branches. Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . . his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same. Ex. xxv. 31. (e) The handle or helve of certain tools, instruments, etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc. (f) A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.] Stow. (g) (Arch.) The body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base (see Illust. of Column). Also, the part of a chimney above the roof. Also, the spire of a steeple. [Obs. or R.] Gwilt. (h) A column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar monument. Bid time and nature gently spare The shaft we raise to thee. Emerson. (i) (Weaving) A rod at the end of a heddle. (j) (Mach.) A solid or hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more journals on which it rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or more wheels or other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; as, the shaft of a steam engine. See Illust. of Countershaft. 4. (Zoöl.) A humming bird (Thaumastura cora) having two of the tail feathers next to the middle ones very long in the male; -- called also cora humming bird. 5. Etym: [Cf. G. schacht.] (Mining) A well-like excavation in the earth, perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and raising ore, for raising water, etc. 6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air shaft. 7. The chamber of a blast furnace. Line shaft (Mach.), a main shaft of considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means of countershafts; -- called also line, or main line. -- Shaft alley (Naut.), a passage extending from the engine room to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft. -- Shaft furnace (Metal.), a furnace, in the form of a chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at the bottom.", "shafted": "1. Furnished with a shaft, or with shafts; as, a shafted arch. 2. (Her.) Having a shaft; -- applied to a spear when the head and the shaft are of different tinctures.", "shafting": "Shafts, collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for communicating motion.", @@ -69612,7 +61342,6 @@ "shags": "1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair. True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay. 2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap. 3. (Com.) A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine. 4. (Zoöl.) Any species of cormorant.\n\nHairy; shaggy. Shak.\n\nTo make hairy or shaggy; hence, to make rough. Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. J. Barlow.", "shah": "The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries, especially Persia. [Written also schah.] Shah Nameh. Etym: [Per., Book of Kings.] A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi, being the most ancient in the modern Persian language. Brande & C.", "shahs": "The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries, especially Persia. [Written also schah.] Shah Nameh. Etym: [Per., Book of Kings.] A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi, being the most ancient in the modern Persian language. Brande & C.", - "shaka": null, "shake": "obs. p. p. of Shake. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate. As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind. Rev. vi. 13. Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven's basis. Milton. 2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of. When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they persecuted his reputation. Atterbury. Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced. Milton. 3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake a note in music. 4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down from a tree. Shake off the golden slumber of repose. Shak. 'Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age. Shak. I could scarcely shake him out of my company. Bunyan. To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the staves. -- To shake hands, to perform the customary act of civility by clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell, good will, agreement, etc. -- To shake out a reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread more canvas. -- To shake the bells. See under Bell. -- To shake the sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\nTo be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to totter. Under his burning wheels The steadfast empyrean shook throughout, All but the throne itself of God. Milton. What danger Who 's that that shakes behind there Beau & FL. Shaking piece, a name given by butchers to the piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See Illust. of Beef.\n\n1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering; agitation. The great soldier's honor was composed Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake. Herbert. Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. Addison. 2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly. Gwilt. 3. A fissure in rock or earth. 4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a trill. 5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. Totten. 6. A shook of staves and headings. Knight. 7. (Zoöl.) The redshank; -- so called from the nodding of its head while on the ground. [Prov. Eng.] No great shakes, of no great importance. [Slang] Byron. -- The shakes, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]", "shakedown": "A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; -- perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this purpose. Sir W. Scott.", "shakedowns": "A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; -- perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this purpose. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -69622,8 +61351,6 @@ "shaker": "1. A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is shaken. 2. One of a religious sect who do not marry, popularly so called from the movements of the members in dancing, which forms a part of their worship. Note: The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to the United States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee. The Shakers are sometimes nicknamed Shaking Quakers, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine and practice. They style themselves the \"United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.\" The sect is now confined in the United States. 3. (Zoöl.) A variety of pigeon. P. J. Selby.", "shakers": "1. A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is shaken. 2. One of a religious sect who do not marry, popularly so called from the movements of the members in dancing, which forms a part of their worship. Note: The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to the United States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee. The Shakers are sometimes nicknamed Shaking Quakers, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine and practice. They style themselves the \"United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.\" The sect is now confined in the United States. 3. (Zoöl.) A variety of pigeon. P. J. Selby.", "shakes": "obs. p. p. of Shake. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate. As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind. Rev. vi. 13. Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven's basis. Milton. 2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of. When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they persecuted his reputation. Atterbury. Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced. Milton. 3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake a note in music. 4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down from a tree. Shake off the golden slumber of repose. Shak. 'Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age. Shak. I could scarcely shake him out of my company. Bunyan. To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the staves. -- To shake hands, to perform the customary act of civility by clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell, good will, agreement, etc. -- To shake out a reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread more canvas. -- To shake the bells. See under Bell. -- To shake the sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.\n\nTo be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to totter. Under his burning wheels The steadfast empyrean shook throughout, All but the throne itself of God. Milton. What danger Who 's that that shakes behind there Beau & FL. Shaking piece, a name given by butchers to the piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See Illust. of Beef.\n\n1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering; agitation. The great soldier's honor was composed Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake. Herbert. Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. Addison. 2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly. Gwilt. 3. A fissure in rock or earth. 4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a trill. 5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. Totten. 6. A shook of staves and headings. Knight. 7. (Zoöl.) The redshank; -- so called from the nodding of its head while on the ground. [Prov. Eng.] No great shakes, of no great importance. [Slang] Byron. -- The shakes, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]", - "shakespeare": null, - "shakespearean": "Of, pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his works. [Written also Shakespearian, Shakspearean, Shakspearian, Shaksperean, Shaksperian.etc.]", "shakeup": null, "shakeups": null, "shakier": null, @@ -69678,26 +61405,19 @@ "shamrock": "A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the trinity. Note: The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis Acetocella); but now the name is given to the white clover (Trifolium repens), and the black medic (Medicago lupulina).", "shamrocks": "A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the trinity. Note: The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis Acetocella); but now the name is given to the white clover (Trifolium repens), and the black medic (Medicago lupulina).", "shams": "1. That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug. \"A mere sham.\" Bp. Stillingfleet. Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison. 2. A false front, or removable ornamental covering. Pillow sham, a covering to be laid on a pillow.\n\nFalse; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight. They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians. Jowett (Thucyd)\n\n1. To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses. Fooled and shammed into a conviction. L'Estrange. 2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. [R.] We must have a care that we do not . . . sham fallacies upon the world for current reason. L'Estrange. 3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign. To sham Abram or Abraham, to feign sickness; to malinger. Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, Sham Abram, or Sham Abraham.\n\nTo make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose. Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were such fools as they professed to be, or were only shamming. Macaulay.", - "shana": null, "shandies": null, - "shandong": null, "shandy": null, - "shane": null, "shanghai": "To intoxicate and ship (a person) as a sailor while in this condition. [Written also shanghae.] [Slang, U.S.]\n\nA large and tall breed of domestic fowl.", "shanghaied": null, "shanghaiing": null, "shanghais": "To intoxicate and ship (a person) as a sailor while in this condition. [Written also shanghae.] [Slang, U.S.]\n\nA large and tall breed of domestic fowl.", "shank": "See Chank.\n\n1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin bone; also, the whole leg. His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank. Shak. 2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or other thing, which connects the acting part with a handle or other part, by which it is held or moved. Specifically: (a) That part of a key which is between the bow and the part which enters the wards of the lock. (b) The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between the ring and the arms. See Illustr. of Anchor. (c) That part of a hoe, rake, knife, or the like, by which it is secured to a handle. (d) A loop forming an eye to a button. 3. (Arch.) The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph. Gwilt. 4. (Founding) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it. 5. (Print.) The body of a type. 6. (Shoemaking) The part of the sole beneath the instep connecting the broader front part with the heel. 7. (Zoöl.) A wading bird with long legs; as, the green-legged shank, or knot; the yellow shank, or tattler; -- called also shanks. 8. pl. Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make them round. Shank painter (Naut.), a short rope or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of a vessel when it is secured for a voyage. -- To ride shank's mare, to go on foot; to walk.\n\nTo fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the supporting footstalk; -- usually followed by off. Darwin.", - "shankara": null, "shanks": "See Chank.\n\n1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin bone; also, the whole leg. His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank. Shak. 2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or other thing, which connects the acting part with a handle or other part, by which it is held or moved. Specifically: (a) That part of a key which is between the bow and the part which enters the wards of the lock. (b) The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between the ring and the arms. See Illustr. of Anchor. (c) That part of a hoe, rake, knife, or the like, by which it is secured to a handle. (d) A loop forming an eye to a button. 3. (Arch.) The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph. Gwilt. 4. (Founding) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it. 5. (Print.) The body of a type. 6. (Shoemaking) The part of the sole beneath the instep connecting the broader front part with the heel. 7. (Zoöl.) A wading bird with long legs; as, the green-legged shank, or knot; the yellow shank, or tattler; -- called also shanks. 8. pl. Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make them round. Shank painter (Naut.), a short rope or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of a vessel when it is secured for a voyage. -- To ride shank's mare, to go on foot; to walk.\n\nTo fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the supporting footstalk; -- usually followed by off. Darwin.", - "shanna": null, - "shannon": null, "shanties": null, "shantung": null, "shanty": "Jaunty; showy. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA small, mean dwelling; a rough, slight building for temporary use; a hut.\n\nTo inhabit a shanty. S. H. Hammond.", "shantytown": null, "shantytowns": null, - "shanxi": null, "shape": "1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make into a particular form; to give proper form or figure to. I was shapen in iniquity. Ps. li. 5. Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face. Prior. 2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust; to direct; as, to shape the course of a vessel. To the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Nor spead nor art avail, he shapes his course. Denham. Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acqire, And shape my foolishness to their desire. Prior. 3. To image; to conceive; to body forth. Oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not. Shak. 4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to arrange. When shapen was all this conspiracy, From point to point. Chaucer. Shaping machine. (Mach.) Same as Shaper. -- To shape one's self, to prepare; to make ready. [Obs.] I will early shape me therefor. Chaucer.\n\nTo suit; to be adjusted or conformable. [R.] Shak.\n\n1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise; as, the shape of a tree; the shape of the head; an elegant shape. He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman. Shak. 2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a being. Before the gates three sat, On either side, a formidable shape. Milton. 3. A model; a pattern; a mold. 4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of thought or conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some quality. Milton. 5. Dress for disguise; guise. [Obs.] Look better on this virgin, and consider This Persian shape laid by, and she appearing In a Greekish dress. Messinger. 6. (Iron Manuf.) (a) A rolled or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a cross section different from merchant bar. (b) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it will receive when completely forged or fitted. To take shape, to assume a definite form.", "shaped": null, "shapeless": "Destitute of shape or regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; misshapen; -- opposed to Ant: shapely. -- Shape\"less*ness, n. The shapeless rock, or hanging precipice. Pope.", @@ -69709,7 +61429,6 @@ "shapely": "1. Well-formed; having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical. T. Warton. Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn, The spiry fir and shapely box adorn. Pope. Where the shapely column stood. Couper. 2. Fit; suitable. [Obs.] Shaply for to be an alderman. Chaucer.", "shapes": "1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make into a particular form; to give proper form or figure to. I was shapen in iniquity. Ps. li. 5. Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face. Prior. 2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust; to direct; as, to shape the course of a vessel. To the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Nor spead nor art avail, he shapes his course. Denham. Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acqire, And shape my foolishness to their desire. Prior. 3. To image; to conceive; to body forth. Oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not. Shak. 4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to arrange. When shapen was all this conspiracy, From point to point. Chaucer. Shaping machine. (Mach.) Same as Shaper. -- To shape one's self, to prepare; to make ready. [Obs.] I will early shape me therefor. Chaucer.\n\nTo suit; to be adjusted or conformable. [R.] Shak.\n\n1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise; as, the shape of a tree; the shape of the head; an elegant shape. He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman. Shak. 2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a being. Before the gates three sat, On either side, a formidable shape. Milton. 3. A model; a pattern; a mold. 4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of thought or conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some quality. Milton. 5. Dress for disguise; guise. [Obs.] Look better on this virgin, and consider This Persian shape laid by, and she appearing In a Greekish dress. Messinger. 6. (Iron Manuf.) (a) A rolled or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a cross section different from merchant bar. (b) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it will receive when completely forged or fitted. To take shape, to assume a definite form.", "shaping": null, - "shapiro": null, "shard": "A plant; chard. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\n1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a like brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail. Shak. The precious dish Broke into shards of beauty on the board. E. Arnold. 2. (Zoöl.) The hard wing case of a beetle. They are his shards, and he their beetle. Shak. 3. A gap in a fence. [Obs.] Stanyhurst. 4. A boundary; a division. [Obs. & R.] Spenser.", "shards": "A plant; chard. [Obs.] Dryden.\n\n1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a like brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail. Shak. The precious dish Broke into shards of beauty on the board. E. Arnold. 2. (Zoöl.) The hard wing case of a beetle. They are his shards, and he their beetle. Shak. 3. A gap in a fence. [Obs.] Stanyhurst. 4. A boundary; a division. [Obs. & R.] Spenser.", "share": "1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare. 2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed. Knight.\n\n1. A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a small share of prudence. 2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to one, of any property or interest owned by a number; a portion among others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend. \"My share of fame.\" Dryden. 3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into which any property or invested capital is divided; as, a ship owned in ten shares. 4. The pubes; the sharebone. [Obs.] Holland. To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned. -- Share and share alike, in equal shares.\n\n1. To part among two or more; to distribute in portions; to divide. Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger. Swift. 2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; as, to share a shelter with another. While avarice and rapine share the land. Milton. 3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide. [Obs.] The shared visage hangs on equal sides. Dryden.\n\nTo have part; to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or suffer with others. A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share in the goods of his father. Locke.", @@ -69725,25 +61444,19 @@ "shareholders": "One who holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or property.", "shareholding": null, "shareholdings": null, - "sharepoint": null, "sharer": "One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a distributer.", "sharers": "One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a distributer.", "shares": "1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare. 2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed. Knight.\n\n1. A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a small share of prudence. 2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to one, of any property or interest owned by a number; a portion among others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend. \"My share of fame.\" Dryden. 3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into which any property or invested capital is divided; as, a ship owned in ten shares. 4. The pubes; the sharebone. [Obs.] Holland. To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned. -- Share and share alike, in equal shares.\n\n1. To part among two or more; to distribute in portions; to divide. Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger. Swift. 2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; as, to share a shelter with another. While avarice and rapine share the land. Milton. 3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide. [Obs.] The shared visage hangs on equal sides. Dryden.\n\nTo have part; to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or suffer with others. A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share in the goods of his father. Locke.", "shareware": null, - "shari": null, "sharia": null, "shariah": null, - "sharif": null, "sharing": null, "shark": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas. Note: Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark, grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in length. Most of them are harmless to man, but some are exceedingly voracious. The man-eating sharks mostly belong to the genera Carcharhinus, Carcharodon, and related genera. They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated edges, as the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, or Rondeleti) of tropical seas, and the great blue shark (Carcharhinus glaucus) of all tropical and temperate seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is the most voracious and dangerous species known. The rare man-eating shark of the United States coast (Charcarodon Atwoodi) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young, of C. carcharias. The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus), and the smaller blue shark (C. caudatus), both common species on the coast of the United States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on shellfish and bottom fishes. 2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper. [Colloq.] 3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Obs.] South. Baskin shark, Liver shark, Nurse shark, Oil shark, Sand shark, Tiger shark, etc. See under Basking, Liver, etc. See also Dogfish, Houndfish, Notidanian, and Tope. -- Gray shark, the sand shark. -- Hammer-headed shark. See Hammerhead. -- Port Jackson shark. See Cestraciont. -- Shark barrow, the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse. -- Shark ray. Same as Angel fish (a), under Angel. -- Thrasher shark, or Thresher shark, a large, voracious shark. See Thrasher. -- Whale shark, a huge harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) of the Indian Ocean. It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very small teeth.\n\nTo pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle. Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning. Bp. Earle. 2. To live by shifts and stratagems. Beau & Fl.", "sharked": null, "sharking": "Petty rapine; trick; also, seeking a livelihood by shifts and dishonest devices.", "sharks": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas. Note: Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark, grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in length. Most of them are harmless to man, but some are exceedingly voracious. The man-eating sharks mostly belong to the genera Carcharhinus, Carcharodon, and related genera. They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated edges, as the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, or Rondeleti) of tropical seas, and the great blue shark (Carcharhinus glaucus) of all tropical and temperate seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is the most voracious and dangerous species known. The rare man-eating shark of the United States coast (Charcarodon Atwoodi) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young, of C. carcharias. The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus), and the smaller blue shark (C. caudatus), both common species on the coast of the United States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on shellfish and bottom fishes. 2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper. [Colloq.] 3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Obs.] South. Baskin shark, Liver shark, Nurse shark, Oil shark, Sand shark, Tiger shark, etc. See under Basking, Liver, etc. See also Dogfish, Houndfish, Notidanian, and Tope. -- Gray shark, the sand shark. -- Hammer-headed shark. See Hammerhead. -- Port Jackson shark. See Cestraciont. -- Shark barrow, the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse. -- Shark ray. Same as Angel fish (a), under Angel. -- Thrasher shark, or Thresher shark, a large, voracious shark. See Thrasher. -- Whale shark, a huge harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) of the Indian Ocean. It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very small teeth.\n\nTo pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. [Obs.] Shak.\n\n1. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle. Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning. Bp. Earle. 2. To live by shifts and stratagems. Beau & Fl.", "sharkskin": null, - "sharlene": null, - "sharon": null, "sharp": "1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a nature to cut or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen. He dies upon my scimeter's sharp point. Shak. 2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or rounded; somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as, a sharp hill; sharp features. 3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting, keen, penetrating, acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid, sour, as ammonia has a sharp taste and odor; to the hearing, piercing, shrill, as a sharp sound or voice; to the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a sharp flash. 4. (Mus.) (a) High in pitch; acute; as, a sharp note or tone. (b) Raised a semitone in pitch; as, C sharp (C#), which is a half step, or semitone, higher than C. (c) So high as to be out of tune, or above true pitch; as, the tone is sharp; that instrument is sharp. Opposed in all these senses to Ant: flat. 5. Very trying to the feelings; pierching; keen; severe; painful; distressing; as, sharp pain, weather; a sharp and frosty air. Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. Shak. The morning sharp and clear. Cowper. In sharpest perils faithful proved. Keble. 6. Cutting in language or import; biting; sarcastic; cruel; harsh; rigorous; severe; as, a sharp rebuke. \"That sharp look.\" Tennyson. To that place the sharp Athenian law Can not pursue us. Shak. Be thy words severe, Sharp as merits but the sword forbear. Dryden. 7. Of keen perception; quick to discern or distinguish; having nice discrimination; acute; penetrating; sagacious; clever; as, a sharp eye; sharp sight, hearing, or judgment. Nothing makes men sharper . . . than want. Addison. Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have never yeL. Watts. 8. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for gratification; keen; as, a sharp appetite. 9. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous. \"In sharp contest of battle.\" Milton. A sharp assault already is begun. Dryden. 10. Keenly or unduly attentive to one's own interest; close and exact in dealing; shrewd; as, a sharp dealer; a sharp customer. The necessity of being so sharp and exacting. Swift. 11. Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty; as, sharp sand. Moxon. 12. Steep; precipitous; abrupt; as, a sharp ascent or descent; a sharp turn or curve. 13. (Phonetics) Uttered in a whisper, or with the breath alone, without voice, as certain consonants, such as p, k, t, f; surd; nonvocal; aspirated. Note: Sharp is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sharp-cornered, sharp-edged, sharp-pointed, sharp- tasted, sharp-visaged, etc. Sharp practice, the getting of an advantage, or the attempt to do so, by a tricky expedient. -- To brace sharp, or To sharp up (Naut.), to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lie well up to the wind. Syn. -- Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick; sagacious; discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid; tart; pungent; acrid; severe; poignant; biting; acrimonious; sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful; afflictive; violent; harsh; fierce; ardent; fiery.\n\n1. To a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply. M. Arnold. The head [of a spear] full sharp yground. Chaucer. You bite so sharp at reasons. Shak. 2. Precisely; exactly; as, we shall start at ten o'clock sharp. [Colloq.] Look sharp, attend; be alert. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A sharp tool or weapon. [Obs.] If butchers had but the manners to go to sharps, gentlemen would be contented with a rubber at cuffs. Collier. 2. (Mus.) (a) The character [#] used to indicate that the note before which it is placed is to be raised a half step, or semitone, in pitch. (b) A sharp tone or note. Shak. 3. A portion of a stream where the water runs very rapidly. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley. 4. A sewing needle having a very slender point; a needle of the most pointed of the three grades, blunts, betweens, and sharps. 5. pl. Same as Middlings, 1. 6. An expert. [Slang]\n\n1. To sharpen. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. (Mus.) To raise above the proper pitch; to elevate the tone of; especially, to raise a half step, or semitone, above the natural tone.\n\n1. To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper. L'Estrange. 2. (Mus.) To sing above the proper pitch.", - "sharpe": null, "sharped": null, "sharpen": "To make sharp. Specifically: (a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper; as, to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw. (b) To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more ready or ingenious. The air . . . sharpened his visual ray To objects distant far. Milton. He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Burke. (c) To make more eager; as, to sharpen men's desires. Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite. Shak. (d) To make more pungent and intense; as, to sharpen a pain or disease. (e) To make biting, sarcastic, or severe. \"Sharpen each word.\" E. Smith. (f) To render more shrill or piercing. Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon. (g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar. (h) (Mus. ) To raise, as a sound, by means of a sharp; to apply a sharp to.\n\nTo grow or become sharp.", "sharpened": null, @@ -69764,38 +61477,24 @@ "sharpshooter": "One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good marksman.", "sharpshooters": "One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good marksman.", "sharpshooting": "A shooting with great precision and effect; hence, a keen contest of wit or argument.", - "sharron": null, - "shasta": "A mountain peak, etc., in California.", "shatter": "1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by lightning. A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided amongst revolted subjects. Locke. 2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as, to be shattered in intellect; his constitution was shattered; his hopes were shattered. A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor. Norris. 3. To scatter about. [Obs.] Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Milton.\n\nTo be broken into fragments; to fal Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.\n\nA fragment of anything shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in the phrase into shatters; as, to break a glass into shatters. Swift.", "shattered": null, "shattering": null, "shatterproof": null, "shatters": "1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by lightning. A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided amongst revolted subjects. Locke. 2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as, to be shattered in intellect; his constitution was shattered; his hopes were shattered. A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor. Norris. 3. To scatter about. [Obs.] Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Milton.\n\nTo be broken into fragments; to fal Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.\n\nA fragment of anything shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in the phrase into shatters; as, to break a glass into shatters. Swift.", - "shaula": null, - "shaun": null, - "shauna": null, "shave": "obs. p. p. of Shave. Chaucer. His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to shave the beard. 2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of; as, to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself. I'll shave your crown for this. Shak. The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of the waving green. Gay. 3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices. Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root. Bacon. 4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing. Now shaves with level wing the deep. Milton. 5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.] To shave a note, to buy it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]\n\nTo use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.\n\n1. A thin slice; a shaving. Wright. 2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving. 3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.] N. Biddle. 4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave. 5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as, the bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.] Shave grass (Bot.), the scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum. -- Shave hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharp- edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.", "shaved": null, "shaven": null, "shaver": "1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave. 2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. Swift. 3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer. By these shavers the Turks were stripped. Knolles. 4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] \"These unlucky little shavers.\" Salmagundi. As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase in the name of the king. Dickens. 5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for shaving. A note shaver, a person who buys notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]", "shavers": "1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave. 2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. Swift. 3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer. By these shavers the Turks were stripped. Knolles. 4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] \"These unlucky little shavers.\" Salmagundi. As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase in the name of the king. Dickens. 5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for shaving. A note shaver, a person who buys notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]", "shaves": "obs. p. p. of Shave. Chaucer. His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can. Chaucer.\n\n1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to shave the beard. 2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of; as, to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself. I'll shave your crown for this. Shak. The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of the waving green. Gay. 3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices. Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root. Bacon. 4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing. Now shaves with level wing the deep. Milton. 5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.] To shave a note, to buy it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]\n\nTo use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.\n\n1. A thin slice; a shaving. Wright. 2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving. 3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.] N. Biddle. 4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave. 5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as, the bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.] Shave grass (Bot.), the scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum. -- Shave hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharp- edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.", - "shavian": null, "shaving": "1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off the beard with a razor. 2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. \"Shaving of silver.\" Chaucer. Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the face preparatory to shaving it.", "shavings": "1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off the beard with a razor. 2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. \"Shaving of silver.\" Chaucer. Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the face preparatory to shaving it.", - "shavuot": null, - "shaw": "1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Burns. Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw. Chaucer. The green shaws, the merry green woods. Howitt. 2. pl. The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.", "shawl": "A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. -- Shawl goat (Zoöl.), the Cashmere goat.\n\nTo wrap in a shawl. Thackeray.", "shawls": "A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. -- Shawl goat (Zoöl.), the Cashmere goat.\n\nTo wrap in a shawl. Thackeray.", - "shawn": null, - "shawna": null, - "shawnee": null, - "shawnees": "A tribe of North American Indians who occupied Western New York and part of Ohio, but were driven away and widely dispersed by the Iroquois.", "shay": "A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]", "shays": "A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]", - "shcharansky": null, "she": "1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of. She loved her children best in every wise. Chaucer. Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. 15. 2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively. [R.] Lady, you are the cruelest she alive. Shak. Note: She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as, a she-bear; a she- cat.", - "shea": null, "sheaf": "A sheave. [R.]\n\n1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw. The reaper fills his greedy hands, And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. Dryden. 2. Any collection of things bound together; a bundle; specifically, a bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a quiver, or the allowance of each archer, -- usually twenty-four. The sheaf of arrows shook and rattled in the case. Dryden.\n\nTo gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to sheaf wheat.\n\nTo collect and bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves. They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak.", "shear": "1. To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth. Note: It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from sheep or their skins, and the nap from cloth. 2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece. Before the golden tresses . . . were shorn away. Shak. 3. To reap, as grain. [Scot.] Jamieson. 4. Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece. 5. (Mech.) To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.\n\n1. A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in the singular. See Shears. On his head came razor none, nor shear. Chaucer. Short of the wool, and naked from the shear. Dryden. 2. A shearing; -- used in designating the age of sheep. After the second shearing, he is a two-sher ram; . . . at the expiration of another year, he is a three-shear ram; the name always taking its date from the time of shearing. Youatt. 3. (Engin.) An action, resulting from applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact; -- also called shearing stress, and tangential stress. 4. (Mech.) A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction, an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an unchanged magnitude in the third direction. Shear blade, one of the blades of shears or a shearing machine. -- Shear hulk. See under Hulk. -- Shear steel, a steel suitable for shears, scythes, and other cutting instruments, prepared from fagots of blistered steel by repeated heating, rolling, and tilting, to increase its malleability and fineness of texture.\n\n1. To deviate. See Sheer. 2. (Engin.) To become more or less completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.", "sheared": null, @@ -69814,18 +61513,14 @@ "sheaved": "Made of straw. [Obs.] Shak.", "sheaves": "A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or the like; the wheel of a pulley. Sheave hole, a channel cut in a mast, yard, rail, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.\n\nTo gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves; hence, to collect. Ashmole.", "sheaving": null, - "sheba": null, "shebang": "A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop. [Slang,U.S.]", "shebangs": "A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop. [Slang,U.S.]", "shebeen": "A low public house; especially, a place where spirits and other excisable liquors are illegally and privately sold. [Ireland]", "shebeens": "A low public house; especially, a place where spirits and other excisable liquors are illegally and privately sold. [Ireland]", - "shebeli": null, - "sheboygan": null, "shed": "A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut; as, a wagon shed; a wood shed. The first Aletes born in lowly shed. Fairfax. Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. Sandys.\n\n1. To separate; to divide. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Robert of Brunne. 2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self; to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to pour forth or out; to spill; as, the sun sheds light; she shed tears; the clouds shed rain. Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood Shak. Twice seven consenting years have shed Their utmost bounty on thy head. Wordsworth. 3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering of hair, feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed their feathers; serpents shed their skins; trees shed leaves. 4. To cause to flow off without penetrating; as, a tight roof, or covering of oiled cloth, sheeds water. 5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. [R.] \"Her hair . . . is shed with gray.\" B. Jonson. 6. (Weaving) To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.\n\n1. To fall in drops; to pour. [Obs.] Such a rain down from the welkin shadde. Chaucer. 2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a covering or envelope. White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand. Mortimer.\n\n1. A parting; a separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] They say also that the manner of making the shed of newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a javelin came up then likewise. Sir T. North. 2. The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in composition, as in bloodshed. 3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in composition, as in watershed. 4. (Weaving) The passageway between the threads of the warp through which the shuttle is thrown, having a sloping top and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate threads.", "shedding": "1. The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out; as, the shedding of blood. 2. That which is shed, or cast off. [R.] Wordsworth.", "sheds": "A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut; as, a wagon shed; a wood shed. The first Aletes born in lowly shed. Fairfax. Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. Sandys.\n\n1. To separate; to divide. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Robert of Brunne. 2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self; to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to pour forth or out; to spill; as, the sun sheds light; she shed tears; the clouds shed rain. Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood Shak. Twice seven consenting years have shed Their utmost bounty on thy head. Wordsworth. 3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering of hair, feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed their feathers; serpents shed their skins; trees shed leaves. 4. To cause to flow off without penetrating; as, a tight roof, or covering of oiled cloth, sheeds water. 5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. [R.] \"Her hair . . . is shed with gray.\" B. Jonson. 6. (Weaving) To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.\n\n1. To fall in drops; to pour. [Obs.] Such a rain down from the welkin shadde. Chaucer. 2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a covering or envelope. White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand. Mortimer.\n\n1. A parting; a separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] They say also that the manner of making the shed of newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a javelin came up then likewise. Sir T. North. 2. The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in composition, as in bloodshed. 3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in composition, as in watershed. 4. (Weaving) The passageway between the threads of the warp through which the shuttle is thrown, having a sloping top and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate threads.", "sheen": "Bright; glittering; radiant; fair; showy; sheeny. [R., except in poetry.] This holy maiden, that is so bright and sheen. Chaucer. Up rose each warrier bold and brave, Glistening in filed steel and armor sheen. Fairfax.\n\nTo shine; to glisten. [Poetic] This town, That, sheening far, celestial seems to be. Byron.\n\nBrightness; splendor; glitter. \"Throned in celestial sheen.\" Milton.", - "sheena": null, "sheenier": null, "sheeniest": null, "sheeny": "Bright; shining; radiant; sheen. \"A sheeny summer morn.\" Tennyson.", @@ -69851,9 +61546,7 @@ "sheet": "In general, a large, broad piece of anything thin, as paper, cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of any substance; an expanded superficies. Specifically: (a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or cotton, used for wrapping the body or for a covering; especially, one used as an article of bedding next to the body. He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts x. 10, 11. If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me In one of those same sheets. Shak. (b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or unfolded, whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a letter; a newspaper, etc. (c) A single signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl., the book itself. To this the following sheets are intended for a full and distinct answer. Waterland. (d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or other substance; as, a sheet of copper, of glass, or the like; a plate; a leaf. (e) A broad expanse of water, or the like. \"The two beautiful sheets of water.\" Macaulay. (f) A sail. Dryden. (g) (Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata. 2. Etym: [AS. sceáta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.) (a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in relation in relation to the wind; -- usually attached to the lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom. (b) pl. The space in the forward or the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; as, fore sheets; stern sheets. Note: Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves; as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass; sheet glass, or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron, or sheet-iron, etc. A sheet in the wind, half drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- Both sheets in the wind, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- In sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded but not bound; -- said especially of printed sheets. -- Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an eye. -- Sheet lightning, Sheet piling, etc. See under Lightning, Piling, etc.\n\n1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. \"The sheeted dead.\" \"When snow the pasture sheets.\" Shak. 2. To expand, as a sheet. The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted sky. J. R. Drake. To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.", "sheeting": "1. Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of double width. 2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A lining of planks or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting an embankment. 3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or flat pieces; also, material made into sheets.", "sheetlike": null, - "sheetrock": null, "sheets": "In general, a large, broad piece of anything thin, as paper, cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of any substance; an expanded superficies. Specifically: (a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or cotton, used for wrapping the body or for a covering; especially, one used as an article of bedding next to the body. He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts x. 10, 11. If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me In one of those same sheets. Shak. (b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or unfolded, whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a letter; a newspaper, etc. (c) A single signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl., the book itself. To this the following sheets are intended for a full and distinct answer. Waterland. (d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or other substance; as, a sheet of copper, of glass, or the like; a plate; a leaf. (e) A broad expanse of water, or the like. \"The two beautiful sheets of water.\" Macaulay. (f) A sail. Dryden. (g) (Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata. 2. Etym: [AS. sceáta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.) (a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in relation in relation to the wind; -- usually attached to the lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom. (b) pl. The space in the forward or the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; as, fore sheets; stern sheets. Note: Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves; as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass; sheet glass, or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron, or sheet-iron, etc. A sheet in the wind, half drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- Both sheets in the wind, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- In sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded but not bound; -- said especially of printed sheets. -- Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an eye. -- Sheet lightning, Sheet piling, etc. See under Lightning, Piling, etc.\n\n1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. \"The sheeted dead.\" \"When snow the pasture sheets.\" Shak. 2. To expand, as a sheet. The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted sky. J. R. Drake. To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.", - "sheffield": null, "sheikdom": null, "sheikdoms": null, "sheikh": null, @@ -69862,10 +61555,7 @@ "sheilas": null, "shekel": "1. An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and by other nations of the same stock. Note: A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight to about 130 grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and 450 grains for copper, and the approximate values of the coins are (gold) $5.00, (silver) 60 cents, and (copper half shekel), one and one half cents. 2. pl. A jocose term for money.", "shekels": "1. An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and by other nations of the same stock. Note: A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight to about 130 grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and 450 grains for copper, and the approximate values of the coins are (gold) $5.00, (silver) 60 cents, and (copper half shekel), one and one half cents. 2. pl. A jocose term for money.", - "shelby": null, - "sheldon": null, "shelf": "1. (Arch.) A flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or ornament. 2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships. On the tawny sands and shelves. Milton. On the secret shelves with fury cast. Dryden. 3. (Mining) A stratum lying in a very even manner; a flat, projecting layer of rock. 4. (Naut.) A piece of timber running the whole length of a vessel inside the timberheads. D. Kemp. To lay on the shelf, to lay aside as unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.", - "shelia": null, "shell": "1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell. (b) A pod. (c) The hard covering of an egg. Think him as a serpent's egg, . . . And kill him in the shell. Shak. (d) (Zoöl.) The hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the like. (e) (Zoöl.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering. 2. (Mil.) A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments scattered. See Bomb. 3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms. 4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in; as, the shell of a house. 5. A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior coffin inclosed in a more substantial one. Knight. 6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell. When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden. 7. An engraved copper roller used in print works. 8. pl. The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc. 9. (Naut.) The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve. 10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with paper; as, a racing shell. Message shell, a bombshell inside of which papers may be put, in order to convey messages. -- Shell bit, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a brace in boring wood. See Bit, n., 3. -- Shell button. (a) A button made of shell. (b) A hollow button made of two pieces, as of metal, one for the front and the other for the back, -- often covered with cloth, silk, etc. -- Shell cameo, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone. -- Shell flower. (Bot.) Same as Turtlehead. -- Shell gland. (Zoöl.) (a) A glandular organ in which the rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks. (b) A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells of various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc. -- Shell gun, a cannon suitable for throwing shells. -- Shell ibis (Zoöl.), the openbill of India. -- Shell jacket, an undress military jacket. -- Shell lime, lime made by burning the shells of shellfish. -- Shell marl (Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an abundance of shells, or fragments of shells. -- Shell meat, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous mollusks. Fuller. -- Shell mound. See under Mound. -- Shell of a boiler, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and the furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive, boiler. -- Shell road, a road of which the surface or bed is made of shells, as oyster shells. -- Shell sand, minute fragments of shells constituting a considerable part of the seabeach in some places.\n\n1. To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod, etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters. 2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk. 3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to shell a town. To shell out, to distribute freely; to bring out or pay, as money. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc. 2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling. 3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye shells in reaping.", "shellac": "See the Note under 2d Lac.", "shellacked": null, @@ -69874,58 +61564,34 @@ "shellacs": "See the Note under 2d Lac.", "shelled": "Having a shell.", "sheller": "One who, or that which, shells; as, an oyster sheller; a corn sheller.", - "shelley": null, "shellfire": null, "shellfish": "Any aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a shell, either testaceous, as in oysters, clams, and other mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and crabs.", "shellfishes": null, "shelling": "Groats; hulled oats. Simmonds.", "shells": "1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell. (b) A pod. (c) The hard covering of an egg. Think him as a serpent's egg, . . . And kill him in the shell. Shak. (d) (Zoöl.) The hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the like. (e) (Zoöl.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering. 2. (Mil.) A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments scattered. See Bomb. 3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms. 4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in; as, the shell of a house. 5. A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior coffin inclosed in a more substantial one. Knight. 6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell. When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden. 7. An engraved copper roller used in print works. 8. pl. The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc. 9. (Naut.) The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve. 10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with paper; as, a racing shell. Message shell, a bombshell inside of which papers may be put, in order to convey messages. -- Shell bit, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a brace in boring wood. See Bit, n., 3. -- Shell button. (a) A button made of shell. (b) A hollow button made of two pieces, as of metal, one for the front and the other for the back, -- often covered with cloth, silk, etc. -- Shell cameo, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone. -- Shell flower. (Bot.) Same as Turtlehead. -- Shell gland. (Zoöl.) (a) A glandular organ in which the rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks. (b) A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells of various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc. -- Shell gun, a cannon suitable for throwing shells. -- Shell ibis (Zoöl.), the openbill of India. -- Shell jacket, an undress military jacket. -- Shell lime, lime made by burning the shells of shellfish. -- Shell marl (Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an abundance of shells, or fragments of shells. -- Shell meat, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous mollusks. Fuller. -- Shell mound. See under Mound. -- Shell of a boiler, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and the furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive, boiler. -- Shell road, a road of which the surface or bed is made of shells, as oyster shells. -- Shell sand, minute fragments of shells constituting a considerable part of the seabeach in some places.\n\n1. To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod, etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters. 2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk. 3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to shell a town. To shell out, to distribute freely; to bring out or pay, as money. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc. 2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling. 3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye shells in reaping.", - "shelly": "Abounding with shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell. \"The shelly shore.\" Prior. Shrinks backward in his shelly cave. Shak.", "shelter": "1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a screen. The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. Pope. 2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender. Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me. Ps. lxi. 3. 3. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security. Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young. Shelter tent,a small tent made of pieces of cotton duck arranged to button together. In field service the soldiers carry the pieces. Syn. -- Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary; protection; defense; security.\n\n1. To be a shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from injury or annoyance; to shield; to protect. Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head. Dryden. You have no convents . . . in which such persons may be received and sheltered. Southey. 2. To screen or cover from notice; to disguise. In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame, Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior. 3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; -- used reflexively. They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abp. Abbot.\n\nTo take shelter. There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, Shelters in cool. Milton.", "sheltered": null, "sheltering": null, "shelters": "1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a screen. The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. Pope. 2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender. Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me. Ps. lxi. 3. 3. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security. Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young. Shelter tent,a small tent made of pieces of cotton duck arranged to button together. In field service the soldiers carry the pieces. Syn. -- Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary; protection; defense; security.\n\n1. To be a shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from injury or annoyance; to shield; to protect. Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head. Dryden. You have no convents . . . in which such persons may be received and sheltered. Southey. 2. To screen or cover from notice; to disguise. In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame, Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior. 3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; -- used reflexively. They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abp. Abbot.\n\nTo take shelter. There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, Shelters in cool. Milton.", - "shelton": null, "shelve": "1. To furnish with shelves; as, to shelve a closet or a library. 2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf; to put aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely; as, to shelve an officer; to shelve a claim.\n\nTo incline gradually; to be slopping; as, the bottom shelves from the shore.", "shelved": null, "shelves": "1. To furnish with shelves; as, to shelve a closet or a library. 2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf; to put aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely; as, to shelve an officer; to shelve a claim.\n\nTo incline gradually; to be slopping; as, the bottom shelves from the shore.", "shelving": "Sloping gradually; inclining; as, a shelving shore. Shak. \"Shelving arches.\" Addison.\n\n1. The act of fitting up shelves; as, the job of shelving a closet. 2. The act of laying on a shelf, or on the shelf; putting off or aside; as, the shelving of a claim. 3. Material for shelves; shelves, collectively.", - "shenandoah": null, "shenanigan": null, "shenanigans": null, - "shenyang": null, - "sheol": "The place of departed spirits; Hades; also, the grave. For thou wilt not leave my soul to sheel. Ps. xvi. 10. (Rev. Ver.)", - "shepard": null, "shepherd": "1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep, esp. a flock grazing at large. 2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of others. Shepherd bird (Zoöl.), the crested screamer. See Screamer. -- Shepherd dog (Zoöl.), a breed of dogs used largely for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog. Called also shepherd's dog. -- Shepherd dog, a name of Pan. Keats. -- Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a nomadic people who invaded Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after about five hundred years, and attempts have been made to connect their expulsion with narrative in the book of Exodus. -- Shepherd's club (Bot.), the common mullein. See Mullein. -- Shepherd's crook, a long staff having the end curved so as to form a large hook, -- used by shepherds. -- Shepherd's needle (Bot.), the lady's comb. -- Shepherd's plaid, a kind of woolen cloth of a checkered black and white pattern. -- Shephered spider (Zoöl.), a daddy longlegs, or harvestman. -- Shepherd's pouch, or Shepherd's purse (Bot.), an annual cruciferous plant (Capsella Bursapastoris) bearing small white flowers and pouchlike pods. See Illust. of Silicle. -- Shepherd's rod, or Shepherd's staff (Bot.), the small teasel.\n\nTo tend as a shepherd; to guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a shepherd. [Poetic] White, fleecy clouds . . . Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind. Shelley.", "shepherded": null, "shepherdess": "A woman who tends sheep; hence, a rural lass. She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess. Sir P. Sidney.", "shepherdesses": null, "shepherding": null, "shepherds": "1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep, esp. a flock grazing at large. 2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of others. Shepherd bird (Zoöl.), the crested screamer. See Screamer. -- Shepherd dog (Zoöl.), a breed of dogs used largely for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog. Called also shepherd's dog. -- Shepherd dog, a name of Pan. Keats. -- Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a nomadic people who invaded Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after about five hundred years, and attempts have been made to connect their expulsion with narrative in the book of Exodus. -- Shepherd's club (Bot.), the common mullein. See Mullein. -- Shepherd's crook, a long staff having the end curved so as to form a large hook, -- used by shepherds. -- Shepherd's needle (Bot.), the lady's comb. -- Shepherd's plaid, a kind of woolen cloth of a checkered black and white pattern. -- Shephered spider (Zoöl.), a daddy longlegs, or harvestman. -- Shepherd's pouch, or Shepherd's purse (Bot.), an annual cruciferous plant (Capsella Bursapastoris) bearing small white flowers and pouchlike pods. See Illust. of Silicle. -- Shepherd's rod, or Shepherd's staff (Bot.), the small teasel.\n\nTo tend as a shepherd; to guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a shepherd. [Poetic] White, fleecy clouds . . . Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind. Shelley.", - "sheppard": null, - "sheratan": null, - "sheraton": null, "sherbet": "1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as, orange sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry sherbet, etc. 2. A flavored water ice. 3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; -- called also sherbet powder.", "sherbets": "1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as, orange sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry sherbet, etc. 2. A flavored water ice. 3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; -- called also sherbet powder.", - "sheree": null, - "sheri": null, - "sheridan": null, "sheriff": "The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and processes, and the preservation of the peace. Note: In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the State. The office of sheriff in England is judicial and ministerial. In the United States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His judicial authority is generally confined to ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like. Sheriff, in Scotland, called sheriff depute, is properly a judge, having also certain ministerial powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff's Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in London is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions in that city. Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.", "sheriffs": "The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and processes, and the preservation of the peace. Note: In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the State. The office of sheriff in England is judicial and ministerial. In the United States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His judicial authority is generally confined to ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like. Sheriff, in Scotland, called sheriff depute, is properly a judge, having also certain ministerial powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff's Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in London is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions in that city. Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.", - "sherlock": null, - "sherman": null, - "sherpa": null, - "sherri": null, - "sherrie": null, "sherries": null, "sherry": "A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in Andalusia. As prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color or a deep amber by mixing with it cheap wine boiled down. Sherry cobbler, a beverage prepared with sherry wine, water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc., and usually imbided through a straw or a glass tube.", - "sherwood": null, - "sheryl": null, "shes": "1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of. She loved her children best in every wise. Chaucer. Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. 15. 2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively. [R.] Lady, you are the cruelest she alive. Shak. Note: She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as, a she-bear; a she- cat.", - "shetland": null, - "shetlands": null, - "shevardnadze": null, - "shevat": null, "shew": "See Show.\n\nShow. [Obs. except in shewbread.]", "shewed": null, "shewing": null, @@ -69957,19 +61623,13 @@ "shifty": "Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance. Wright. Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot, there were few things he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he could not endure. C. Kingsley.", "shiitake": null, "shiitakes": null, - "shiite": "A member of that branch of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do not acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting Mohammed, as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated as heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans.", - "shiites": "A member of that branch of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do not acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting Mohammed, as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated as heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans.", - "shijiazhuang": null, - "shikoku": null, "shill": "To shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.] Brockett.", "shilled": null, "shillelagh": null, "shillelaghs": null, "shilling": "1. A silver coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States currency. 2. In the United States, a denomination of money, differing in value in different States. It is not now legally recognized. Note: Many of the States while colonies had issued bills of credit which had depreciated in different degrees in the different colonies. Thus, in New England currency (used also in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida), after the adoption of the decimal system, the pound in paper money was worth only $3.333, and the shilling 16 Am. Cyc. 3. The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a dollar, or 12 York shilling. Same as Shilling, 3.", "shillings": "1. A silver coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States currency. 2. In the United States, a denomination of money, differing in value in different States. It is not now legally recognized. Note: Many of the States while colonies had issued bills of credit which had depreciated in different degrees in the different colonies. Thus, in New England currency (used also in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida), after the adoption of the decimal system, the pound in paper money was worth only $3.333, and the shilling 16 Am. Cyc. 3. The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a dollar, or 12 York shilling. Same as Shilling, 3.", - "shillong": null, "shills": "To shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.] Brockett.", - "shiloh": "A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted variously, as \"the Messiah,\" or as the city \"Shiloh,\" or as \"Rest.\"", "shim": "1. A kind of shallow plow used in tillage to break the ground, and clear it of weeds. 2. (Mach.) A thin piece of metal placed between two parts to make a fit.", "shimmed": null, "shimmer": "To shine with a tremulous or intermittent light; to shine faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to glimmer. The shimmering glimpses of a stream. Tennyson.\n\nA faint, tremulous light; a gleaming; a glimmer. TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused . . . a trembling twilight-seeming shimmer through the quiet apartment. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -70010,12 +61670,6 @@ "shinnying": null, "shins": "1. The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank. \"On his shin.\" Chaucer. 2. (Railbroad) A fish plate for rails. Knight. Shin bone (Anat.), the tibia. -- Shin leaf (Bot.), a perennial ericaceous herb (Pyrola elliptica) with a cluster of radical leaves and a raceme of greenish white flowers.\n\n1. To climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or the like; -- used with up; as, to shin up a mast. [Slang] 2. To run about borrowing money hastily and temporarily, as for the payment of one's notes at the bank. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.\n\nTo climb (a pole, etc.) by shinning up. [Slang]", "shinsplints": null, - "shinto": "One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes. [Written also Sintu, and Sintuism.]", - "shintoism": null, - "shintoisms": null, - "shintoist": "An adherent of Shintoism.", - "shintoists": "An adherent of Shintoism.", - "shintos": "One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes. [Written also Sintu, and Sintuism.]", "shiny": "Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded. Like distant thunder on a shiny day. Dryden.", "ship": "Pay; reward. [Obs.] In withholding or abridging of the ship or the hire or the wages of servants. Chaucer.\n\n1. Any large seagoing vessel. Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on, and tackle trim, Sails filled, and streamers waving. Milton. Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Longfellow. 2. Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit and three masts (a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each of which is composed of a lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant mast, and square-rigged on all masts. See Illustation in Appendix. l Port or Larboard Side; s Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating; 4 Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle; 7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9 Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose; 13 Main Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast; 16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20 Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow and Starboard Bow; 22 Fore Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen Chains; 25 Stern. 1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant Stay;4 Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying Martingale; 9 Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10 Jib Guys; 11 Jumper Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21 Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23 Fore Royal Backstays; 24 Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 26 Fore Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28 Fore Topgallant Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast and Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40 Fore Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42 Fore Topmast Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and Pennant; 45 Main Royal Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47 Main Royal Lift; 48 Main Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50 Main Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52 Main Topgallant Backstays; 53 Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main Topgallant Stay; 55 Main Topgallant Braces; 56 Main Topmast and Rigging; 57 Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes; 60 Topsail Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62 Main Topgallant Studding-sail Boom; 63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main Yard; 65 Main Footropes; 66 Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68 Main Braces; 69 Main Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72 Main Trysail Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen Royal Mast and Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal Lift; 78 Mizzen Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82 Mizzen Topgallant Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84 Mizzen Topgallant Yard; 85 Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen Topmast and Rigging; 87 Mizzen Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast Backstays; 90 Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91 Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92 Mizzen Topsail Footropes; 93 Crossjack Yard; 94 Crossjack Footropes; 95 Crossjack Lift; 96 Crossjack Braces; 97 Mizzenmast and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay; 99 Spanker Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards; 101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker Boom; 103 Spanker Boom Topping Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106 Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108 Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line; 110 Starboard Quarter; 111 Rudder. 3. A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the hull of a ship) used to hold incense. [Obs.] Tyndale. Armed ship, a private ship taken into the service of the government in time of war, and armed and equipped like a ship of war. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- General ship. See under General. -- Ship biscuit, hard biscuit prepared for use on shipboard; -- called also ship bread. See Hardtack. -- Ship boy, a boy who serves in a ship. \"Seal up the ship boy's eyes.\" Shak. -- Ship breaker, one who breaks up vessels when unfit for further use. -- Ship broker, a mercantile agent employed in buying and selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port. -- Ship canal, a canal suitable for the passage of seagoing vessels. -- Ship carpenter, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a shipwright. -- Ship chandler, one who deals in cordage, canvas, and other, furniture of vessels. -- Ship chandlery, the commodities in which a ship chandler deals; also, the business of a ship chandler. -- Ship fever (Med.), a form of typhus fever; -- called also putrid, jail, or hospital fever. -- Ship joiner, a joiner who works upon ships. -- Ship letter, a letter conveyed by a ship not a mail packet. -- Ship money (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the causes which led to the death of Charles. It was finally abolished. -- Ship of the line. See under Line. -- Ship pendulum, a pendulum hung amidships to show the extent of the rolling and pitching of a vessel. -- Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of which a ship may be drawn out of water, as for repairs. (b) A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland between two water courses or harbors. -- Ship's company, the crew of a ship or other vessel. -- Ship's days, the days allowed a vessel for loading or unloading. -- Ship's husband. See under Husband. -- Ship's papers (Mar. Law), papers with which a vessel is required by law to be provided, and the production of which may be required on certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport or sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book, muster roll, bill of health, etc. Bouvier. Kent. -- To make ship, to embark in a ship or other vessel.\n\n1. To put on board of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for transportation; to send by water. The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia, from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium. Knolles. 2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to any conveyance for transportation to a distance; as, to ship freight by railroad. 3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of. [Colloq.] 4. To engage or secure for service on board of a ship; as, to ship seamen. 5. To receive on board ship; as, to ship a sea. 6. To put in its place; as, to ship the tiller or rudder.\n\n1. To engage to serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a man-of- war. 2. To embark on a ship. Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)", "shipboard": "A ship's side; hence, by extension, a ship; -- found chiefly in adverbial phrases; as, on shipboard; a shipboard.", @@ -70045,7 +61699,6 @@ "shipwrights": "One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.", "shipyard": "A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.", "shipyards": "A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.", - "shiraz": "A kind of Persian wine; -- so called from the place whence it is brought.", "shire": "1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire, Hallamshire. An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire. Blackstone. 2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.] Note: Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are used in England. In the United States the composite word is sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania. The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc. Encyc. Brit. Knight of the shire. See under Knight. -- Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also, an under sheriff. [Eng.] -- Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. -- Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. -- Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town. -- Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.", "shires": "1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire, Hallamshire. An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire. Blackstone. 2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.] Note: Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are used in England. In the United States the composite word is sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania. The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc. Encyc. Brit. Knight of the shire. See under Knight. -- Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also, an under sheriff. [Eng.] -- Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. -- Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. -- Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town. -- Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.", "shirk": "1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation. You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that shirk living from others, but time from Yourselves. Bp. Rainbow. 2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk duty. The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties. Hare.\n\n1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark. 2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away. One of the cities shirked from the league. Byron.\n\nOne who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.", @@ -70054,7 +61707,6 @@ "shirkers": "One who shirks. Macaulay.", "shirking": null, "shirks": "1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation. You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that shirk living from others, but time from Yourselves. Bp. Rainbow. 2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk duty. The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties. Hare.\n\n1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark. 2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away. One of the cities shirked from the league. Byron.\n\nOne who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.", - "shirley": "The bullfinch.", "shirr": "A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to make the material between them set full by gatherings; -- called also shirring, and gauging.", "shirred": "1. (Sewing) Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a shirred bonnet. 2. (Cookery) Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the fire; -- said of eggs.", "shirring": null, @@ -70086,7 +61738,6 @@ "shitting": null, "shitty": null, "shiv": null, - "shiva": null, "shiver": "1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle thing is broken by sudden violence; -- generally used in the plural. \"All to shivers dashed.\" Milton. 2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] \"A shiver of their own loaf.\" Fuller. Of your soft bread, not but a shiver. Chaucer. 3. (Geol.) A variety of blue slate. 4. (Naut.) A sheave or small wheel in a pulley. 5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter. 6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass goblet. All the ground With shivered armor strown. Milton.\n\nTo separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be shattered. There shiver shafts upon shields thick. Chaucer The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would instantly shiver into millions of atoms. Woodward.\n\nTo tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or fear. Prometheus is laid On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift. The man that shivered on the brink of sin, Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in. Creech.\n\nTo cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.\n\nThe act of shivering or trembling.", "shivered": null, "shivering": null, @@ -70105,7 +61756,6 @@ "shockers": null, "shocking": "Causing to shake or tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting. The grossest and most shocking villainies. Secker. -- Shock\"ing*ly, adv. -- Shock\"ing*ness, n.", "shockingly": null, - "shockley": null, "shockproof": null, "shocks": "1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as wheat, rye, or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying in number from twelve to sixteen; a stook. And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser. Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks. Thomson. 2. Etym: [G. schock.] (Com.) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; -- a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.\n\nTo collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook; as, to shock rye.\n\nTo be occupied with making shocks. Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn, Bind fast, shock apace. Tusser.\n\n1. A quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision, or violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a sudden violent impulse or onset. These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks Of tides and seas tempestuous. Blackmore. He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison. 2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a sensation of pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering event. \"A shock of pleasure.\" Talfourd. 3. (Med.) A sudden depression of the vital forces of the entire body, or of a port of it, marking some profound impression produced upon the nervous system, as by severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the like. 4. (Elec.) The sudden convulsion or contraction of the muscles, with the feeling of a concussion, caused by the discharge, through the animal system, of electricity from a charged body. Syn. -- Concussion, Shock. Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by impact or colision; but concussion is restricted in use to matter, while shock is used also of mental states.\n\n1. To give a shock to; to cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike against suddenly; to encounter with violence. Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them. Shak. A shall never forget the force with which he shocked De Vipont. Sir W. Scott. 2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or disgust; to cause to recoil; as, his violence shocked his associates. Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.\n\nTo meet with a shock; to meet in violent encounter. \"They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together.\" De Quincey.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) A dog with long hair or shag; -- called also shockdog. 2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head covered with a shock of sandy hair.\n\nBushy; shaggy; as, a shock hair. His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside. Sir W. Scott.", "shod": "f Shoe.", @@ -70228,9 +61878,6 @@ "shortwave": null, "shortwaves": null, "shorty": null, - "shoshone": null, - "shoshones": "A linguistic family or stock of North American Indians, comprising many tribes, which extends from Montana and Idaho into Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is applied especially to the Snakes, the most northern of the tribes.", - "shostakovitch": null, "shot": "imp. & p. p. Shoot.\n\nWoven in such a way as to produce an effect of variegation, of changeable tints, or of being figured; as, shot silks. See Shoot, v. t., 8.\n\nA share or proportion; a reckoning; a scot. Here no shots are where all shares be. Chapman. A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain shot be paid and the hostess say \"Welcome.\" Shak.\n\n1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon which throws a missile. He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army. Clarendon. 2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet; specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive. Note: Shot used in war is of various kinds, classified according to the material of which it is composed, into lead, wrought-iron, and cast-iron; according to form, into spherical and oblong; according to structure and modes of operation, into solid, hollow, and case. See Bar shot, Chain shot, etc., under Bar, Chain, etc. 3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes, -- used chiefly for killing game; as, bird shot; buckshot. 4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which it is, or can be, thrown; as, the vessel was distant more than a cannon shot. 5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as, an exellent shot. Shot belt, a belt having a pouch or compartment for carrying shot. -- Shot cartridge, a cartridge containing powder and small shot, forming a charge for a shotgun. -- Shot garland (Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot, secured to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship. -- Shot gauge, an instrument for measuring the diameter of round shot. Totten. -- shot hole, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged. -- Shot locker (Naut.), a strongly framed compartment in the hold of a vessel, for containing shot. -- Shot of a cable (Naut.), the splicing of two or more cables together, or the whole length of the cables thus united. -- Shot prop (Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp, to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's side. -- Shot tower, a lofty tower for making shot, by dropping from its summit melted lead in slender streams. The lead forms spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are received in water or other liquid. -- Shot window, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson, quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters made of timber and a few inches of glass above them.\n\nTo load with shot, as a gun. Totten.", "shotgun": "A light, smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially designed for firing small shot at short range, and killing small game.", "shotgunned": null, @@ -70315,8 +61962,6 @@ "shredders": null, "shredding": "1. The act of cutting or tearing into shreds. 2. That which is cut or torn off; a piece. Hooker.", "shreds": "1. A long, narrow piece cut or torn off; a strip. \"Shreds of tanned leather.\" Bacon. 2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a particle. Shak.\n\n1. To cut or tear into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or leather. Chaucer. 2. To lop; to prune; to trim. [Obs.]", - "shrek": null, - "shreveport": null, "shrew": "Wicked; malicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. Originally, a brawling, turbulent, vexatious person of either sex, but now restricted in use to females; a brawler; a scold. A man . . . grudgeth that shrews [i. e., bad men] have prosperity, or else that good men have adversity. Chaucer. A man had got a shrew to his wife, and there could be no quiet in the house for her. L'Estrange. 2. Etym: [AS. screáwa; -- so called because supposed to be venomous. ] (Zoöl.) Any small insectivore of the genus Sorex and several allied genera of the family Sorecidæ. In form and color they resemble mice, but they have a longer and more pointed nose. Some of them are the smallest of all mammals. Note: The common European species are the house shrew (Crocidura araneus), and the erd shrew (Sorex vulgaris) (see under Erd.). In the United States several species of Sorex and Blarina are common, as the broadnosed shrew (S. platyrhinus), Cooper's shrew (S. Cooperi), and the short-tailed, or mole, shrew (Blarina brevicauda). Th American water, or marsh, shrew (Neosorex palustris), with fringed feet, is less common. The common European water shrews are Crossopus fodiens, and the oared shrew (see under Oared). Earth shrew, any shrewlike burrowing animal of the family Centetidæ, as the tendrac. -- Elephant shrew, Jumping shrew, Mole shrew. See under Elephant, Jumping, etc. -- Musk shrew. See Desman. -- River shrew, an aquatic West African insectivore (Potamogale velox) resembling a weasel in form and size, but having a large flattened and crested tail adapted for rapid swimming. It feeds on fishes. -- Shrew mole, a common large North American mole (Scalops aquaticus). Its fine, soft fur is gray with iridescent purple tints.\n\nTo beshrew; to curse. [Obs.] \"I shrew myself.\" Chaucer.", "shrewd": "1. Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold; hence, vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious; rough; unfair; shrewish. [Obs.] Chaucer. [Egypt] hath many shrewd havens, because of the great rocks that ben strong and dangerous to pass by. Sir J. Mandeville. Every of this happy number That have endured shrewd days and nights with us. Shak. 2. Artful; wily; cunning; arch. These women are shrewd tempters with their tongues. Shak. 3. Able or clever in practical affairs; sharp in business; astute; sharp-witted; sagacious; keen; as, a shrewd observer; a shrewd design; a shrewd reply. Professing to despise the ill opinion of mankind creates a shrewd suspicion that we have deserved it. Secker. Syn. -- Keen; critical; subtle; artful; astute; sagacious; discerning; acute; penetrating. -- Shrewd, Sagacious. One who is shrewd is keen to detect errors, to penetrate disguises, to foresee and guard against the selfishness of others. Shrewd is a word of less dignity than sagacious, which implies a comprehensive as well as penetrating mind, whereas shrewd does not. -- Shrewd\"ly, adv. -- Shrewd\"ness, n.", "shrewder": null, @@ -70347,7 +61992,6 @@ "shrimping": null, "shrimps": "To contract; to shrink. [Obs.]\n\n1. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of macruran Crustacea belonging to Crangon and various allied genera, having a slender body and long legs. Many of them are used as food. The larger kinds are called also prawns. See Illust. of Decapoda. (b) In a more general sense, any species of the macruran tribe Caridea, or any species of the order Schizopoda, having a similar form. (c) In a loose sense, any small crustacean, including some amphipods and even certain entomostracans; as, the fairy shrimp, and brine shrimp. See under Fairy, and Brine. 2. Figuratively, a little wrinkled man; a dwarf; -- in contempt. This weak and writhled shrimp. Shak. Opossum shrimp. (Zoöl.) See under Opossum. -- Spector shrimp, or Skeleton shrimp (Zoöl.), any slender amphipod crustacean of the genus Caprella and allied genera. See Illust. under Læmodopoda. -- Shrimp catcher (Zoöl.), the little tern (Sterna minuta). -- Shrimp net, a dredge net fixed upon a pole, or a sweep net dragged over the fishing ground.", "shrine": "1. A case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited sacred relics, as the bones of a saint. 2. Any sacred place, as an altar, tromb, or the like. Too weak the sacred shrine guard. Byron. 3. A place or object hallowed from its history or associations; as, a shrine of art.\n\nTo enshrine; to place reverently, as in a shrine. \"Shrined in his sanctuary.\" Milton.", - "shriner": null, "shrines": "1. A case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited sacred relics, as the bones of a saint. 2. Any sacred place, as an altar, tromb, or the like. Too weak the sacred shrine guard. Byron. 3. A place or object hallowed from its history or associations; as, a shrine of art.\n\nTo enshrine; to place reverently, as in a shrine. \"Shrined in his sanctuary.\" Milton.", "shrink": "1. To wrinkle, bend, or curl; to shrivel; hence, to contract into a less extent or compass; to gather together; to become compacted. And on a broken reed he still did stay His feeble steps, which shrunk when hard thereon he lay. Spenser. I have not found that water, by mixture of ashes, will shrink or draw into less room. Bacon. Against this fire do I shrink up. Shak. And shrink like parchment in consuming fire. Dryden. All the boards did shrink. Coleridge. 2. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to decline action from fear; to recoil, as in fear, horror, or distress. What happier natures shrink at with affright, The hard inhabitant contends is right. Pope. They assisted us against the Thebans when you shrank from the task. Jowett (Thucyd.) 3. To express fear, horror, or pain by contracting the body, or part of it; to shudder; to quake. [R.] Shak.\n\n1. To cause to contract or shrink; as, to shrink finnel by imersing it in boiling water. 2. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.] The Libyc Hammon shrinks his horn. Milton. To shrink on (Mach.), to fix (one piece or part) firmly around (another) by natural contraction in cooling, as a tire on a wheel, or a hoop upon a cannon, which is made slightly smaller than the part it is to fit, and expanded by heat till it can be slipped into place.\n\nThe act shrinking; shrinkage; contraction; also, recoil; withdrawal. Yet almost wish, with sudden shrink, That I had less to praise. Leigh Hunt.", "shrinkable": null, @@ -70363,7 +62007,6 @@ "shriven": "p. p. of Shrive.", "shrives": "1. To hear or receive the confession of; to administer confession and absolution to; -- said of a priest as the agent. That they should shrive their parishioners. Piers Plowman. Doubtless he shrives this woman, . . . Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech. Shak. Till my guilty soul be shriven. Longfellow. 2. To confess, and receive absolution; -- used reflexively. Get you to the church and shrive yourself. Beau & Fl.\n\nTo receive confessions, as a priest; to administer confession and absolution. Spenser.", "shriving": "Shrift; confession. Spenser.", - "shropshire": "An English breed of black-faced hornless sheep similar to the Southdown, but larger, now extensively raised in many parts of the world.", "shroud": "1. That which clothes, covers, conceals, or protects; a garment. Piers Plowman. Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds. Sandys. 2. Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet. \"A dead man in his shroud.\" Shak. 3. That which covers or shelters like a shroud. Jura answers through her misty shroud. Byron. 4. A covered place used as a retreat or shelter, as a cave or den; also, a vault or crypt. [Obs.] The shroud to which he won His fair-eyed oxen. Chapman. A vault, or shroud, as under a church. Withals. 5. The branching top of a tree; foliage. [R.] The Assyrian wad a cedar in Lebanon, with fair branches and with a shadowing shroad. Ezek. xxxi. 3. 6. pl. (Naut.) A set of ropes serving as stays to support the masts. The lower shrouds are secured to the sides of vessels by heavy iron bolts and are passed around the head of the lower masts. 7. (Mach.) One of the two annular plates at the periphery of a water wheel, which form the sides of the buckets; a shroud plate. Bowsprit shrouds (Naut.), ropes extending from the head of the bowsprit to the sides of the vessel. -- Futtock shrouds (Naut.), iron rods connecting the topmast rigging with the lower rigging, passing over the edge of the top. -- Shroud plate. (a) (Naut.) An iron plate extending from the dead- eyes to the ship's side. Ham. Nav. Encyc. (b) (Mach.) A shroud. See def. 7, above.\n\n1. To cover with a shroud; especially, to inclose in a winding sheet; to dress for the grave. The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in a number of folds of linen besmeared with gums. Bacon. 2. To cover, as with a shroud; to protect completely; to cover so as to conceal; to hide; to veil. One of these trees, with all his young ones, may shroud four hundred horsemen. Sir W. Raleigh. Some tempest rise, And blow out all the stars that light the skies, To shroud my shame. Dryden.\n\nTo take shelter or harbor. [Obs.] If your stray attendance be yet lodged, Or shroud within these limits. Milton.\n\nTo lop. See Shrood. [Prov. Eng.]", "shrouded": "Provided with a shroud or shrouds. Shrouded gear (Mach.), a cogwheel or pinion having flanges which form closed ends to the spaces between the teeth and thus strengthen the teeth by tying them together.", "shrouding": "The shrouds. See Shroud, n., 7.", @@ -70400,7 +62043,6 @@ "shufflers": "1. One who shuffles. 2. (Zoöl.) Either one of the three common American scaup ducks. See Scaup duck, under Scaup.", "shuffles": "1. To shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as, to shuffle money from hand to hand. 2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into disorder; especially, to change the relative positions of, as of the cards in a pack. A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to midnight without tracing a new idea in his mind. Rombler. 3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion. It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that were seizen. Dryden. To shuffe off, to push off; to rid one's self of. -- To shuffe up, to throw together in hastel to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he shuffled up a peace.\n\n1. To change the relative position of cards in a pack; as, to shuffle and cut. 2. To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate. I muself, . . . hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle. Shak. 3. To use arts or expedients; to make shift. Your life, good master, Must shuffle for itself. Shak. 4. To move in a slovenly, dragging manner; to drag or scrape the feet in walking or dancing. The aged creature came Shuffling along with ivory-headed wand. Keats. Syn. -- To equivicate; prevaricate; quibble; cavil; shift; siphisticate; juggle.\n\n1. The act of shuffling; a mixing confusedly; a slovenly, dragging motion. The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of matter. Bentley. 2. A trick; an artifice; an evasion. The gifts of nature are beyond all shame and shuffles. L'Estrange.", "shuffling": "1. Moving with a dragging, scraping step. \"A shuffling nag.\" Shak. 2. Evasive; as, a shuffling excuse. T. Burnet.\n\nIn a shuffling manner.", - "shula": null, "shun": "To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice. I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God. Acts xx. 26,27. Scarcity and want shall shun you. Shak. Syn. -- See Avoid.", "shunned": null, "shunning": null, @@ -70441,19 +62083,10 @@ "shyer": null, "shyest": null, "shying": null, - "shylock": null, - "shylockian": null, "shyly": "In a shy or timid manner; not familiarly; with reserve. [Written also shily.]", "shyness": "The quality or state of being shy. [Written also shiness.] Frequency in heavenly contemplation is particularly important to prevent a shyness bewtween God and thy soul. Baxter. Syn. -- Bashfulness; reserve; coyness; timidity; diffidence. See Bashfulness.", "shyster": "A trickish knave; one who carries on any business, especially legal business, in a mean and dishonest way. [Slang, U.S.]", "shysters": "A trickish knave; one who carries on any business, especially legal business, in a mean and dishonest way. [Slang, U.S.]", - "si": "A syllable applied, in solmization, to the note B; more recently, to the seventh tone of any major diatonic scale. It was added to Guido's scale by Le Maire about the end of the 17th century.", - "siam": null, - "siamese": "Of or pertaining to Siam, its native people, or their language.\n\n1. A native or inhabitant of Siam; pl., the people of Siam. 2. sing. The language of the Siamese.", - "sibelius": null, - "siberia": null, - "siberian": "Of or pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern Asia and belonging to Russia; as, a Siberian winter. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Siberia. Siberian crab (Bot.), the Siberian crab apple. See Crab apple, under Crab. -- Siberian dog (Zoöl.), one of a large breed of dogs having erect ears and the hair of the body and tail very long. It is distinguished for endurance of fatigue when used for the purpose of draught. -- Siberian pea tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Cragana arborescens) with yellow flowers. It is a native of Siberia.", - "siberians": "Of or pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern Asia and belonging to Russia; as, a Siberian winter. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Siberia. Siberian crab (Bot.), the Siberian crab apple. See Crab apple, under Crab. -- Siberian dog (Zoöl.), one of a large breed of dogs having erect ears and the hair of the body and tail very long. It is distinguished for endurance of fatigue when used for the purpose of draught. -- Siberian pea tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Cragana arborescens) with yellow flowers. It is a native of Siberia.", "sibilant": "Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound; hissing; as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary sounds. -- n. A sibiliant letter.", "sibilants": "Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound; hissing; as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary sounds. -- n. A sibiliant letter.", "sibling": null, @@ -70464,10 +62097,6 @@ "sic": "Such. [Scot.]\n\nThus. Note: This word is sometimes inserted in a quotation [sic], to call attention to the fact that some remarkable or inaccurate expression, misspelling, or the like, is literally reproduced.", "sicced": null, "siccing": null, - "sichuan": null, - "sicilian": "Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants. Sicilian vespers, the great massacre of the French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter Monday, at the hour of vespers.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Sicily.", - "sicilians": "Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants. Sicilian vespers, the great massacre of the French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter Monday, at the hour of vespers.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Sicily.", - "sicily": null, "sick": "1. Affected with disease of any kind; ill; indisposed; not in health. See the Synonym under Illness. Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever. Mark i. 30. Behold them that are sick with famine. Jer. xiv. 18. 2. Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined to vomit; as, sick at the stomach; a sick headache. 3. Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited; -- with of; as, to be sick of flattery. He was not so sick of his master as of his work. L'Estrange. 4. Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned. So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that, if a seraphim himself should be a bishop, he would either find or make some sick feathers in his wings. Fuller. Sick bay (Naut.), an apartment in a vessel, used as the ship's hospital. -- Sick bed, the bed upon which a person lies sick. -- Sick berth, an apartment for the sick in a ship of war. -- Sick headache (Med.), a variety of headache attended with disorder of the stomach and nausea. -- Sick list, a list containing the names of the sick. -- Sick room, a room in which a person lies sick, or to which he is confined by sickness. Note: [These terms, sick bed, sick berth, etc., are also written both hyphened and solid.] Syn. -- Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed; weak; ailing; feeble; morbid.\n\nSickness. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo fall sick; to sicken. [Obs.] Shak.", "sickbay": null, "sickbays": null, @@ -70500,8 +62129,6 @@ "sickrooms": null, "sicks": "1. Affected with disease of any kind; ill; indisposed; not in health. See the Synonym under Illness. Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever. Mark i. 30. Behold them that are sick with famine. Jer. xiv. 18. 2. Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined to vomit; as, sick at the stomach; a sick headache. 3. Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited; -- with of; as, to be sick of flattery. He was not so sick of his master as of his work. L'Estrange. 4. Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned. So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that, if a seraphim himself should be a bishop, he would either find or make some sick feathers in his wings. Fuller. Sick bay (Naut.), an apartment in a vessel, used as the ship's hospital. -- Sick bed, the bed upon which a person lies sick. -- Sick berth, an apartment for the sick in a ship of war. -- Sick headache (Med.), a variety of headache attended with disorder of the stomach and nausea. -- Sick list, a list containing the names of the sick. -- Sick room, a room in which a person lies sick, or to which he is confined by sickness. Note: [These terms, sick bed, sick berth, etc., are also written both hyphened and solid.] Syn. -- Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed; weak; ailing; feeble; morbid.\n\nSickness. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo fall sick; to sicken. [Obs.] Shak.", "sics": "Such. [Scot.]\n\nThus. Note: This word is sometimes inserted in a quotation [sic], to call attention to the fact that some remarkable or inaccurate expression, misspelling, or the like, is literally reproduced.", - "sid": null, - "siddhartha": null, "side": "1. The margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface; especially (when the thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in shape), one of the longer edges as distinguished from the shorter edges, called ends; a bounding line of a geometrical figure; as, the side of a field, of a square or triangle, of a river, of a road, etc. 3. Any outer portion of a thing considered apart from, and yet in relation to, the rest; as, the upper side of a sphere; also, any part or position viewed as opposite to or contrasted with another; as, this or that side. Looking round on every side beheld A pathless desert. Milton. 4. (a) One of the halves of the body, of an animals or man, on either side of the mesial plane; or that which pertains to such a half; as, a side of beef; a side of sole leather. (b) The right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; as, a pain in the side. One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side. John xix. 34. 5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered as opposed to another slope over the ridge. Along the side of yon small hill. Milton. 6. The position of a person or party regarded as opposed to another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe; a body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the interest or cause which one maintains against another; a doctrine or view opposed to another. God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak. We have not always been of the . . . same side in politics. Landor. Sets the passions on the side of truth. Pope. 7. A line of descent traced through one parent as distinguished from that traced through another. To sit upon thy father David's throne, By mother's side thy father. Milton. 8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with some other; as, the bright side of poverty. By the side of, close at hand; near to. -- Exterior side. (Fort.) See Exterior, and Illust. of Ravelin. -- Interior side (Fort.), the line drawn from the center of one bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the two oblique radii in front. H. L. Scott. -- Side by side, close together and abreast; in company or along with. -- To choose sides, to select those who shall compete, as in a game, on either side. -- To take sides, to attach one's self to, or give assistance to, one of two opposing sides or parties.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the side, or toward the side; lateral. One mighty squadron with a side wind sped. Dryden. 2. Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral; incidental; as, a side issue; a side view or remark. The law hath no side respect to their persons. Hooker. 3. Etym: [AS. sid. Cf Side, n.] Long; large; extensive. [Obs. or Scot.] Shak. His gown had side sleeves down to mid leg. Laneham. Side action, in breech-loading firearms, a mechanism for operating the breech block, which is moved by a lever that turns sidewise. -- Side arms, weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet, pistols, etc. -- Side ax, an ax of which the handle is bent to one side. -- Side-bar rule (Eng. Law.), a rule authorized by the courts to be granted by their officers as a matter of course, without formal application being made to them in open court; -- so called because anciently moved for by the attorneys at side bar, that is, informally. Burril. -- Side box, a box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater. To insure a side-box station at half price. Cowper. -- Side chain, one of two safety chains connecting a tender with a locomotive, at the sides. -- Side cut, a canal or road branching out from the main one. [U.S.] -- Side dish, one of the dishes subordinate to the main course. -- Side glance, a glance or brief look to one side. -- Side hook (Carp.), a notched piece of wood for clamping a board to something, as a bench. -- Side lever, a working beam of a side-lever engine. -- Side-lever engine, a marine steam engine having a working beam of each side of the cylinder, near the bottom of the engine, communicating motion to a crank that is above them. -- Side pipe (Steam Engine), a steam or exhaust pipe connecting the upper and lower steam chests of the cylinder of a beam engine. -- Side plane, a plane in which the cutting edge of the iron is at the side of the stock. -- Side posts (Carp.), posts in a truss, usually placed in pairs, each post set at the same distance from the middle of the truss, for supporting the principal rafters, hanging the tiebeam, etc. -- Side rod. (a) One of the rods which connect the piston-rod crosshead with the side levers, in a side-lever engine. (b) See Parallel rod, under Parallel. -- Side screw (Firearms), one of the screws by which the lock is secured to the side of a firearm stock. -- Side table, a table placed either against the wall or aside from the principal table. -- Side tool (Mach.), a cutting tool, used in a lathe or planer, having the cutting edge at the side instead of at the point. -- Side wind, a wind from one side; hence, an indirect attack, or indirect means. Wright.\n\n1. To lean on one side. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest, in opposition to another party; to take sides; as, to side with the ministerial party. All side in parties, and begin the attack. Pope.\n\n1. To be or stand at the side of; to be on the side toward. [Obs.] His blind eye that sided Paridell. Spenser. 2. To suit; to pair; to match. [Obs.] Clarendon. 3. (Shipbuilding) To work (a timber or rib) to a certain thickness by trimming the sides. 4. To furnish with a siding; as, to side a house.", "sidearm": null, "sidearms": null, @@ -70562,14 +62189,9 @@ "sidled": null, "sidles": "To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise; as, to sidle through a crowd or narrow opening. Swift. He . . . then sidled close to the astonished girl. Sir W. Scott.", "sidling": null, - "sidney": null, - "sids": null, "siege": "1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a throne. [Obs.] \"Upon the very siege of justice.\" Shak. A stately siege of sovereign majesty, And thereon sat a woman gorgeous gay. Spenser. In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . . And Merlin called it \"The siege perilous.\" Tennyson. 2. Hence, place or situation; seat. [Obs.] Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless siege forever. Painter (Palace of Pleasure). 3. Rank; grade; station; estimation. [Obs.] I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege. Shak. 4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal matter. [Obs.] The siege of this mooncalf. Shak. 5. The sitting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under Blockade. 6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain possession. Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast. Dryden. 7. The floor of a glass-furnace. 8. A workman's bench. Knught. Siege gun, a heavy gun for siege operations. -- Siege train, artillery adapted for attacking fortified places.\n\nTo besiege; to beset. [R.] Through all the dangers that can siege The life of man. Buron.", "sieges": "1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a throne. [Obs.] \"Upon the very siege of justice.\" Shak. A stately siege of sovereign majesty, And thereon sat a woman gorgeous gay. Spenser. In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . . And Merlin called it \"The siege perilous.\" Tennyson. 2. Hence, place or situation; seat. [Obs.] Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless siege forever. Painter (Palace of Pleasure). 3. Rank; grade; station; estimation. [Obs.] I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege. Shak. 4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal matter. [Obs.] The siege of this mooncalf. Shak. 5. The sitting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under Blockade. 6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain possession. Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast. Dryden. 7. The floor of a glass-furnace. 8. A workman's bench. Knught. Siege gun, a heavy gun for siege operations. -- Siege train, artillery adapted for attacking fortified places.\n\nTo besiege; to beset. [R.] Through all the dangers that can siege The life of man. Buron.", - "siegfried": null, - "siemens": null, "sienna": "Clay that is colored red or brown by the oxides of iron or manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used either in the raw state or burnt. Burnt sienna, sienna made of a much redder color by the action of fire. -- Raw sienna, sienna in its natural state, of a transparent yellowish brown color.", - "sierpinski": null, "sierra": "A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada. The wild sierra overhead. Whitter.", "sierras": "A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada. The wild sierra overhead. Whitter.", "siesta": "A short sleep taken about the middle of the day, or after dinner; a midday nap.", @@ -70601,10 +62223,8 @@ "sightseeing": null, "sightseer": null, "sightseers": null, - "sigismund": null, "sigma": "The Greek letter S, or s). It originally had the form of the English C.", "sigmas": "The Greek letter S, or s). It originally had the form of the English C.", - "sigmund": null, "sign": "That by which anything is made known or represented; that which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a proof. Specifically: (a) A remarkable event, considered by the ancients as indicating the will of some deity; a prodigy; an omen. (b) An event considered by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or as manifesting an interposition of the divine power for some special end; a miracle; a wonder. Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God. Rom. xv. 19. It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. Ex. iv. 8. (c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or preserve the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a monument. What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. Num. xxvi. 10. (d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures, typifles, or represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a picture. The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely significative; but what they represent is as certainly delivered to us as the symbols themselves. Brerewood. Saint George of Merry England, the sign of victory. Spenser. (e) A word or a character regarded as the outward manifestation of thought; as, words are the sign of ideas. (f) A motion, an action, or a gesture by which a thought is expressed, or a command or a wish made known. They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. Luke i. 62. (g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of a language of a signs such as those used by the North American Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb. Note: Educaters of the deaf distinguish between natural signs, which serve for communicating ideas, and methodical, or systematic, signs, adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of written language, word by word; and thus the signs are to be distinguished from the manual alphabet, by which words are spelled on the fingers. (h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a standard. Milton. (i) A lettered board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or before a building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business there transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a publicly displayed token or notice. The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted signs, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the streets. Macaulay. (j) (Astron.) The twelfth part of the ecliptic or zodiac. Note: The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named, respectively, Aries (Taurus (Gemini (II), Cancer (Leo (Virgo (Libra (Scorpio (Sagittarius (Capricornus (Aquarius (Pisces ( (k) (Alg.) A character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon them; as, the sign + (plus); the sign -- (minus); the sign of division ÷, and the like. (l) (Med.) An objective evidence of disease; that is, one appreciable by some one other than the patient. Note: The terms symptom and and sign are often used synonymously; but they may be discriminated. A sign differs from a symptom in that the latter is perceived only by the patient himself. The term sign is often further restricted to the purely local evidences of disease afforded by direct examination of the organs involved, as distinguished from those evidence of general disturbance afforded by observation of the temperature, pulse, etc. In this sense it is often called physical sign. (m) (Mus.) Any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, etc. (n) (Theol.) That which, being external, stands for, or signifies, something internal or spiritual; -- a term used in the Church of England in speaking of an ordinance considered with reference to that which it represents. An outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. Bk. of Common Prayer. Note: See the Table of Arbitrary Signs, p. 1924. Sign manual. (a) (Eng. Law) The royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of grants and letter patent, which are then sealed with the privy signet or great seal, as the case may be, to complete their validity. (b) The signature of one's name in one's own handwriting. Craig. Tomlins. Wharton. Syn. -- Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal; symbol; type; omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See Emblem.\n\n1. To represent by a sign; to make known in a typical or emblematic manner, in distinction from speech; to signify. I signed to Browne to make his retreat. Sir W. Scott. 2. To make a sign upon; to mark with a sign. We receive this child into the congregation of Christ's flock, and do sign him with the sign of the cross. Bk. of Com Prayer. 3. To affix a signature to; to ratify by hand or seal; to subscribe in one's own handwriting. Inquire the Jew's house out, give him this deed, And let him sign it. Shak. 4. To assign or convey formally; -- used with away. 5. To mark; to make distinguishable. Shak.\n\n1. To be a sign or omen. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make a sign or signal; to communicate directions or intelligence by signs. 3. To write one's name, esp. as a token of assent, responsibility, or obligation.", "signage": null, "signal": "1. A sign made for the purpose of giving notice to a person of some occurence, command, or danger; also, a sign, event, or watchword, which has been agreed upon as the occasion of concerted action. All obeyed The wonted signal and superior voice Of this great potentate. Milton. 2. A token; an indication; a foreshadowing; a sign. The weary sun . . . Gives signal of a goodly day to-morrow. Shak. There was not the least signal of the calamity to be seen. De Foc.\n\n1. Noticeable; distinguished from what is ordinary; eminent; remarkable; memorable; as, a signal exploit; a signal service; a signal act of benevolence. As signal now in low, dejected state As erst in highest, behold him where he lies. Milton. 2. Of or pertaining to signals, or the use of signals in conveying information; as, a signal flag or officer. The signal service, a bureau of the government (in the United States connected with the War Department) organized to collect from the whole country simultaneous raports of local meteorological conditions, upon comparison of which at the central office, predictions concerning the weather are telegraphed to various sections, where they are made known by signals publicly displayed. -- Signal station, the place where a signal is displayed; specifically, an observation office of the signal service. Syn. -- Eminent; remarkable; memorable; extraordinary; notable; conspicuous.\n\n1. To communicate by signals; as, to signal orders. 2. To notify by a signals; to make a signal or signals to; as, to signal a fleet to anchor. M. Arnold.", @@ -70657,16 +62277,7 @@ "signposting": null, "signposts": "A post on which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice of anything.", "signs": "That by which anything is made known or represented; that which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a proof. Specifically: (a) A remarkable event, considered by the ancients as indicating the will of some deity; a prodigy; an omen. (b) An event considered by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or as manifesting an interposition of the divine power for some special end; a miracle; a wonder. Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God. Rom. xv. 19. It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. Ex. iv. 8. (c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or preserve the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a monument. What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. Num. xxvi. 10. (d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures, typifles, or represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a picture. The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely significative; but what they represent is as certainly delivered to us as the symbols themselves. Brerewood. Saint George of Merry England, the sign of victory. Spenser. (e) A word or a character regarded as the outward manifestation of thought; as, words are the sign of ideas. (f) A motion, an action, or a gesture by which a thought is expressed, or a command or a wish made known. They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. Luke i. 62. (g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of a language of a signs such as those used by the North American Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb. Note: Educaters of the deaf distinguish between natural signs, which serve for communicating ideas, and methodical, or systematic, signs, adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of written language, word by word; and thus the signs are to be distinguished from the manual alphabet, by which words are spelled on the fingers. (h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a standard. Milton. (i) A lettered board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or before a building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business there transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a publicly displayed token or notice. The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted signs, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the streets. Macaulay. (j) (Astron.) The twelfth part of the ecliptic or zodiac. Note: The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named, respectively, Aries (Taurus (Gemini (II), Cancer (Leo (Virgo (Libra (Scorpio (Sagittarius (Capricornus (Aquarius (Pisces ( (k) (Alg.) A character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon them; as, the sign + (plus); the sign -- (minus); the sign of division ÷, and the like. (l) (Med.) An objective evidence of disease; that is, one appreciable by some one other than the patient. Note: The terms symptom and and sign are often used synonymously; but they may be discriminated. A sign differs from a symptom in that the latter is perceived only by the patient himself. The term sign is often further restricted to the purely local evidences of disease afforded by direct examination of the organs involved, as distinguished from those evidence of general disturbance afforded by observation of the temperature, pulse, etc. In this sense it is often called physical sign. (m) (Mus.) Any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, etc. (n) (Theol.) That which, being external, stands for, or signifies, something internal or spiritual; -- a term used in the Church of England in speaking of an ordinance considered with reference to that which it represents. An outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. Bk. of Common Prayer. Note: See the Table of Arbitrary Signs, p. 1924. Sign manual. (a) (Eng. Law) The royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of grants and letter patent, which are then sealed with the privy signet or great seal, as the case may be, to complete their validity. (b) The signature of one's name in one's own handwriting. Craig. Tomlins. Wharton. Syn. -- Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal; symbol; type; omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See Emblem.\n\n1. To represent by a sign; to make known in a typical or emblematic manner, in distinction from speech; to signify. I signed to Browne to make his retreat. Sir W. Scott. 2. To make a sign upon; to mark with a sign. We receive this child into the congregation of Christ's flock, and do sign him with the sign of the cross. Bk. of Com Prayer. 3. To affix a signature to; to ratify by hand or seal; to subscribe in one's own handwriting. Inquire the Jew's house out, give him this deed, And let him sign it. Shak. 4. To assign or convey formally; -- used with away. 5. To mark; to make distinguishable. Shak.\n\n1. To be a sign or omen. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make a sign or signal; to communicate directions or intelligence by signs. 3. To write one's name, esp. as a token of assent, responsibility, or obligation.", - "sigurd": null, - "sihanouk": null, - "sikh": null, - "sikhism": null, - "sikhs": "A religious sect noted for warlike traits, founded in the Punjab at the end of the 15th century.", - "sikkim": null, - "sikkimese": null, - "sikorsky": null, "silage": "Short for Ensilage.", - "silas": null, "silence": "1. The state of being silent; entire absence of sound or noise; absolute stillness. I saw and heared; for such a numerous host Fled not in silence through the frighted deep. Milton. 2. Forbearance from, or absence of, speech; taciturnity; muteness. 3. Secrecy; as, these things were transacted in silence. The administration itself keeps a profound silence. D. Webster. 4. The cessation of rage, agitation, or tumilt; calmness; quiest; as, the elements were reduced to silence. 5. Absence of mention; oblivion. And what most merits fame, in silence hid. Milton.\n\nBe silent; -- used elliptically for let there be silence, or keep silence. Shak.\n\n1. To compel to silence; to cause to be still; to still; to hush. Silence that dreadful bell; it frights the isle. Shak. 2. To put to rest; to quiet. This would silence all further opposition. Clarendon. These would have silenced their scruples. Rogers. 3. To restrain from the exercise of any function, privilege of instruction, or the like, especially from the act of preaching; as, to silence a minister of the gospel. The Rev. Thomas Hooker of Chelmsford, in Essex, was silenced for nonconformity. B. Trumbull. 4. To cause to cease firing, as by a vigorous cannonade; as, to silence the batteries of an enemy.", "silenced": null, "silencer": "(a) The muffler of an internal-combustion engine. (b) Any of various devices to silence the humming noise of telegraph wires. (c) A device for silencing the report of a firearm shooting its projectiles singly, as a tubular attachment for the muzzle having circular plates that permit the passage of the projectile but impart a rotary motion to, and thus retard, the exploding gases.", @@ -70678,7 +62289,6 @@ "silentest": null, "silently": "In a silent manner.", "silents": "1. Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet. How silent is this town! Shak. 2. Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute; taciturn; not loquacious; not talkative. Ulysses, adds he, was the most eloquent and most silent of men. Broome. This new-created world, whereof in hell Fame is not silent. Milton. 3. Keeping at rest; inactive; calm; undisturbed; as, the wind is silent. Parnell. Sir W. Raleigh. 4. (Pron.) Not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent; as, e is silent in \"fable.\" 5. Having no effect; not operating; inefficient. [R.] Cause . . . silent, virtueless, and dead. Sir W. Raleigh. Silent partner. See Dormant partner, under Dormant. Syn. -- Mute; taciturn; dumb; speechless; quiet; still. See Mute, and Taciturn.\n\nThat which is silent; a time of silence. [R.] \"The silent of the night.\" Shak.", - "silesia": "1. A kind of linen cloth, originally made in Silesia, a province of Prussia. 2. A twilled cotton fabric, used for dress linings.", "silhouette": "A representation of the outlines of an object filled in with a black color; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be.\n\nTo represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background, so as to be like a silhouette. [Recent] A flock of roasting vultures silhouetted on the sky. The Century.", "silhouetted": null, "silhouettes": "A representation of the outlines of an object filled in with a black color; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be.\n\nTo represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background, so as to be like a silhouette. [Recent] A flock of roasting vultures silhouetted on the sky. The Century.", @@ -70719,9 +62329,6 @@ "silting": null, "silts": "Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.\n\nTo choke, fill, or obstruct with silt or mud.\n\nTo flow through crevices; to percolate.", "silty": "Full of silt; resembling silt.", - "silurian": "Of or pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; -- a term applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also to the strata of the era, because most plainly developed in that country. Note: The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is divided into the Upper Silurian and Lower Silurian. The lower part of the Lower Silurian, with some underlying beds, is now separated under the name Cambrian, first given by Sedwick. Recently the term Ordovician has been proposed for the Lower Silurian, leawing the original word to apply only to the Upper Silurian.\n\nThe Silurian age.", - "silurians": "Of or pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; -- a term applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also to the strata of the era, because most plainly developed in that country. Note: The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is divided into the Upper Silurian and Lower Silurian. The lower part of the Lower Silurian, with some underlying beds, is now separated under the name Cambrian, first given by Sedwick. Recently the term Ordovician has been proposed for the Lower Silurian, leawing the original word to apply only to the Upper Silurian.\n\nThe Silurian age.", - "silva": "(a) The forest trees of a region or country, considered collectively. (b) A description or history of the forest trees of a country.", "silver": "1. (Chem.) A soft white metallic element, sonorous, ductile, very malleable, and capable of a high degree of polish. It is found native, and also combined with sulphur, arsenic, antimony, chlorine, etc., in the minerals argentite, proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite, etc. Silver is one of the \"noble\" metals, so-called, not being easily oxidized, and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a great variety of articles. Symbol Ag (Argentum). Atomic weight 107.7. Specific gravity 10.5. Note: Silver was known under the name of luna to the ancients and also to the alchemists. Some of its compounds, as the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of light upon them, and are used in photography. 2. Coin made of silver; silver money. 3. Anything having the luster or appearance of silver. 4. The color of silver. Note: Silver is used in the formation of many compounds of obvious meaning; as, silver-armed, silver-bright, silver-buskined, silver- coated, silver-footed, silver-haired, silver-headed, silver-mantled, silver-plated, silver-slippered, silver-sounding, silver-studded, silver-tongued, silver-white. See Silver, a. Black silver (Min.), stephanite; -- called also brittle silver ore, or brittle silver glance. -- Fulminating silver. (Chem.) (a) A black crystalline substance, Ag2O.(NH3)2, obtained by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia. When dry it explodes violently on the slightest percussion. (b) Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance, Ag2C2N2O2, obtained by adding alcohol to a solution of silver nitrate. When dry it is violently explosive. -- German silver. (Chem.) See under German. -- Gray silver. (Min.) See Freieslebenite. -- Horn silver. (Min.) See Cerargyrite. -- King's silver. (O. Eng. Law) See Postfine. -- Red silver, or Ruby silver. (Min.) See Proustite, and Pyrargyrite. -- Silver beater, one who beats silver into silver leaf or silver foil. -- Silver glance, or Vitreous silver. (Min.) See Argentine.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to silver; made of silver; as, silver leaf; a silver cup. 2. Resembling silver. Specifically: (a) Bright; resplendent; white. \"Silver hair.\" Shak. Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed Their downy breast. Milton. (b) Precious; costly. (c) Giving a clear, ringing sound soft and clear. \"Silver voices.\" Spenser. (d) Sweet; gentle; peaceful. \"Silver slumber.\" Spenser. American silver fir (Bot.), the balsam fir. See under Balsam. -- Silver age (Roman Lit.), the latter part (a. d. 14-180) of the classical period of Latinity, -- the time of writers of inferior purity of language, as compared with those of the previous golden age, so-called. -- Silver-bell tree (Bot.), an American shrub or small tree (Halesia tetraptera) with white bell-shaped flowers in clusters or racemes; the snowdrop tree. -- Silver bush (Bot.), a shrubby leguminous plant (Anthyllis Barba- Jovis) of Southern Europe, having silvery foliage. -- Silver chub (Zoöl.), the fallfish. -- Silver eel. (Zoöl.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A pale variety of the common eel. -- Silver fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Abies pectinata) found in mountainous districts in the middle and south of Europe, where it often grows to the height of 100 or 150 feet. It yields Burgundy pitch and Strasburg turpentine. -- Silver foil, foil made of silver. -- Silver fox (Zoöl.), a variety of the common fox (Vulpes vulpes, variety argenteus) found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. Its fur is nearly black, with silvery tips, and is highly valued. Called also black fox, and silver-gray fox. -- Silver gar. (Zoöl.) See Billfish (a) -- Silver grain (Bot.), the lines or narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to the bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine, cherry, etc. -- Silver grebe (Zoöl.), the red-throated diver. See Illust. under Diver. -- Silver hake (Zoöl.), the American whiting. -- Silver leaf, leaves or sheets made of silver beaten very thin. -- Silver lunge (Zoöl.), the namaycush. -- Silver moonfish.(Zoöl.) See Moonfish (b). -- Silver moth (Zoöl.), a lepisma. -- Silver owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl. -- Silver perch (Zoöl.), the mademoiselle, 2. -- Silver pheasant (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beautiful crested and long-tailed Asiatic pheasants, of the genus Euplocamus. They have the tail and more or less of the upper parts silvery white. The most common species (E. nychtemerus) is native of China. -- Silver plate, domestic utensils made of silver. -- Silver plover (Zoöl.), the knot. -- Silver salmon (Zoöl.), a salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) native of both coasts of the North Pacific. It ascends all the American rivers as far south as the Sacramento. Called also kisutch, whitefish, and white salmon. -- Silver shell (Zoöl.), a marine bivalve of the genus Anomia. See Anomia. -- Silver steel, an alloy of steel with a very small proportion of silver. -- Silver stick, a title given to the title field officer of the Life Guards when on duty at the palace. [Eng.] Thackeray. -- Silver tree (Bot.), a South African tree (Leucadendron argenteum) with long, silvery, silky leaves. -- Silver trout, (Zoöl.) See Trout. -- Silver wedding. See under Wedding. -- Silver whiting (Zoöl.), a marine sciænoid food fish (Menticirrus littoralis) native of the Southern United States; -- called also surf whiting. -- Silver witch (Zoöl.), A lepisma.\n\n1. To cover with silver; to give a silvery appearance to by applying a metal of a silvery color; as, to silver a pin; to silver a glass mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and mercury. 2. To polish like silver; to impart a brightness to, like that of silver. And smiling calmness silvered o'er the deep. Pope. 3. To make hoary, or white, like silver. His head was silvered o'er with age. Gay.\n\nTo acquire a silvery color. [R.] The eastern sky began to silver and shine. L. Wallace.", "silvered": null, "silverfish": "(a) The tarpum. (b) A white variety of the goldfish. Lepisma saccharina, which may infest houses, and eats starched clothing and sized papers. See Lepisma.", @@ -70732,9 +62339,7 @@ "silversmiths": "One whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments, etc., of silver; a worker in silver.", "silverware": "Dishes, vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made of silver.", "silvery": "1. Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white and lustrous; of a mild luster; bright. All the enameled race, whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring. Pope. 2. Besprinkled or covered with silver. 3. Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound; as, silvery voices; a silvery laugh. Silvery iron (Metal.), a peculiar light-gray fine-grained cast iron, usually obtained from clay iron ore.", - "silvia": null, "sim": null, - "simenon": null, "simian": "Of or pertaining to the family Simiadæ, which, in its widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also, apelike. -- n. Any Old World monkey or ape.", "simians": "Of or pertaining to the family Simiadæ, which, in its widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also, apelike. -- n. Any Old World monkey or ape.", "similar": "1. Exactly corresponding; resembling in all respects; precisely like. 2. Nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects; somewhat like; having a general likeness. 3. Homogenous; uniform. [R.] Boyle. Similar figures (Geom.), figures which differ from each other only in magnitude, being made up of the same number of like parts similarly situated. -- Similar rectilineal figures, such as have their several angles respectively equal, each to each, and their sides about the equal angles proportional. -- Similar solids, such as are contained by the same number of similar planes, similarly situated, and having like inclination to one another.\n\nThat which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in quality, form, etc.", @@ -70744,14 +62349,10 @@ "simile": "A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical or imaginative comparison. A good swift simile, but something currish. Shak.", "similes": "A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical or imaginative comparison. A good swift simile, but something currish. Shak.", "similitude": "1. The quality or state of being similar or like; resemblance; likeness; similarity; as, similitude of substance. Chaucer. Let us make now man in our image, man In our similitude. Milton. If fate some future bard shall join In sad similitude of griefs to mine. Pope. 2. The act of likening, or that which likens, one thing to another; fanciful or imaginative comparison; a simile. Tasso, in his similitudes, never departed from the woods; that is, all his comparisons were taken from the country. Dryden. 3. That which is like or similar; a representation, semblance, or copy; a facsimile. Man should wed his similitude. Chaucer.", - "simmental": null, "simmer": "To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil. I simmer as liquor doth on the fire before it beginneth to boil. Palsgrave.\n\nTo cause to boil gently; to cook in liquid heated almost or just to the boiling point.", "simmered": null, "simmering": null, "simmers": "To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil. I simmer as liquor doth on the fire before it beginneth to boil. Palsgrave.\n\nTo cause to boil gently; to cook in liquid heated almost or just to the boiling point.", - "simmons": null, - "simon": null, - "simone": null, "simonize": null, "simonized": null, "simonizes": null, @@ -70781,9 +62382,6 @@ "simplistic": "Of or pertaining to simples, or a simplist. [R.] Wilkinson.", "simplistically": null, "simply": "1. In a simple manner or state; considered in or by itself; without addition; along; merely; solely; barely. [They] make that now good or evil, . . . which otherwise of itself were not simply the one or the other. Hooker. Simply the thing I am Shall make me live. Shak. 2. Plainly; without art or subtlety. Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton. 3. Weakly; foolishly. Johnson.", - "simpson": null, - "simpsons": null, - "simpsonville": null, "sims": null, "simulacra": null, "simulacrum": "A likeness; a semblance; a mock appearance; a sham; -- now usually in a derogatory sense. Beneath it nothing but a great simulacrum. Thackeray.", @@ -70804,18 +62402,12 @@ "simultaneous": "Existing, happening, or done, at the same time; as, simultaneous events. -- Si`mul*ta\"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Si`mul*ta\"ne*ous*ness, n. Simultaneous equations (Alg.), two or more equations in which the values of the unknown quantities entering them are the same at the same time in both or in all.", "simultaneously": null, "sin": "Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Sin that his lord was twenty year of age. Chaucer.\n\n1. Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the divine command; any violation of God's will, either in purpose or conduct; moral deficiency in the character; iniquity; as, sins of omission and sins of commission. Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. John viii. 34. Sin is the transgression of the law. 1 John iii. 4. I think 't no sin. To cozen him that would unjustly win. Shak. Enthralled By sin to foul, exorbitant desires. Milton. 2. An offense, in general; a violation of propriety; a misdemeanor; as, a sin against good manners. I grant that poetry's a crying sin. Pope. 3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin. He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21. 4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person. [R.] Thy ambition, Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. Shak. Note: Sin is used in the formation of some compound words of obvious signification; as, sin-born; sin-bred, sin-oppressed, sin-polluted, and the like. Actual sin, Canonical sins, Original sin, Venial sin. See under Actual, Canonical, etc. -- Deadly, or Mortal, sins (R. C. Ch.), willful and deliberate transgressions, which take away divine grace; -- in distinction from vental sins. The seven deadly sins are pride, covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth. -- Sin eater, a man who (according to a former practice in England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself. -- Sin offering, a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin. Syn. -- Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See Crime.\n\n1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty; -- often followed by against. Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Ps. li. 4. All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23. 2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an offense; to trespass; to transgress. I am a man More sinned against than sinning. Shak. Who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the eternal cause. Pope.", - "sinai": null, - "sinatra": null, - "sinbad": null, "since": "1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month ago, and I have not seen him since. We since become the slaves to one man's lust. B. Jonson. 2. In the time past, counting backward from the present; before this or now; ago. w many ages since has Virgil writ Roscommon. About two years since, it so fell out, that he was brought to a great lady's house. Sir P. Sidney. 3. When or that. [Obs.] Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St. George's field Shak.\n\nFrom the time of; in or during the time subsequent to; subsequently to; after; -- usually with a past event or time for the object. The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. xxx. 30. I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant since the ancients. Dryden.\n\nSeeing that; because; considering; -- formerly followed by that. Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring pardon. Shak. Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love, nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade, Then let example be obeyed. Granville. Syn. -- Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See Because.", "sincere": "1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated. There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot. A joy which never was sincere till now. Dryden. 2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs.] The inviolable body stood sincere. Dryden. 3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely assumed; genuine; true; real; as, a sincere desire for knowledge; a sincere contempt for meanness. A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions. Law. 4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a sincere friend; a sincere person. The more sincere you are, the better it will fare with you at the great day of account. Waterland. Syn. -- Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected; inartificial; frank; upright. See Hearty.", "sincerely": "In a sincere manner. Specifically: (a) Purely; without alloy. Milton. (b) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely.", "sincerer": null, "sincerest": null, "sincerity": "The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false pretense; sincereness. I protest, in the sincerity of love. Shak. Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important. Knox.", - "sinclair": null, - "sindbad": null, - "sindhi": null, "sine": "(a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through the other extremity. (b) The perpendicular itself. See Sine of angle, below. Artificial sines, logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines. -- Curve of sines. See Sinusoid. -- Natural sines, the decimals expressing the values of the sines, the radius being unity. -- Sine of an angle, in a circle whose radius is unity, the sine of the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the given angle divided by the hypotenuse. See Trigonometrical function, under Function. -- Versed sine, that part of the diameter between the sine and the arc.\n\nWithout.", "sinecure": "1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls. Ayliffe. 2. Any office or position which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labor, or active service. A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. Macaulay.\n\nTo put or place in a sinecure.", "sinecures": "1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls. Ayliffe. 2. Any office or position which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labor, or active service. A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. Macaulay.\n\nTo put or place in a sinecure.", @@ -70830,16 +62422,12 @@ "singable": null, "singalong": null, "singalongs": null, - "singapore": null, - "singaporean": null, - "singaporeans": null, "singe": "1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or the skin. You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . . Singe my white head! Shak. I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass. L'Estrange. 2. (a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly over a red- hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to dyeing it. (b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like) by passing it over a flame.\n\nA burning of the surface; a slight burn.", "singed": null, "singeing": null, "singer": "One who, or that which, singes. Specifically: (a) One employed to singe cloth. (b) A machine for singeing cloth.\n\nOne who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.", "singers": "One who, or that which, singes. Specifically: (a) One employed to singe cloth. (b) A machine for singeing cloth.\n\nOne who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.", "singes": "1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or the skin. You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . . Singe my white head! Shak. I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass. L'Estrange. 2. (a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly over a red- hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to dyeing it. (b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like) by passing it over a flame.\n\nA burning of the surface; a slight burn.", - "singh": null, "singing": "from Sing, v. Singing bird. (Zoöl.) (a) Popularly, any bird that sings; a song bird. (b) Specifically, any one of the Oscines. -- Singing book, a book containing music for singing; a book of tunes. -- Singing falcon or hawk. (Zoöl.) See Chanting falcon, under Chanting. -- Singing fish (Zoöl.), a California toadfish (Porichthys porosissimus). -- Singing flame (Acoustics), a flame, as of hydrogen or coal gas, burning within a tube and so adjusted as to set the air within the tube in vibration, causing sound. The apparatus is called also chemical harmonicon. -- Singing master, a man who teaches vocal music. -- Singing school, a school in which persons are instructed in singing.", "single": "1. One only, as distinguished from more than one; consisting of one alone; individual; separate; as, a single star. No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest. Pope. 2. Alone; having no companion. Who single hast maintained, Against revolted multitudes, the cause Of truth. Milton. 3. Hence, unmarried; as, a single man or woman. Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness. Shak. Single chose to live, and shunned to wed. Dryden. 4. Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with others; as, a single thread; a single strand of a rope. 5. Performed by one person, or one on each side; as, a single combat. These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, . . . Who now defles thee thrice ti single fight. Milton. 6. Uncompounded; pure; unmixed. Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound. I. Watts. 7. Not deceitful or artful; honest; sincere. I speak it with a single heart. Shak. 8. Simple; not wise; weak; silly. [Obs.] He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice. Beau & Fl. Single ale, beer, or drink, small ale, etc., as contrasted with double ale, etc., which is stronger. [Obs.] Nares. -- Single bill (Law), a written engagement, generally under seal, for the payment of money, without a penalty. Burril. -- Single court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for only two players. -- Single-cut file. See the Note under 4th File. -- Single entry. See under Bookkeeping. -- Single file. See under 1st File. -- Single flower (Bot.), a flower with but one set of petals, as a wild rose. -- Single knot. See Illust. under Knot. -- Single whip (Naut.), a single rope running through a fixed block.\n\n1. To select, as an individual person or thing, from among a number; to choose out from others; to separate. Dogs who hereby can single out their master in the dark. Bacon. His blood! she faintly screamed her mind Still singling one from all mankind. More. 2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire. [Obs.] An agent singling itself from consorts. Hooker. 3. To take alone, or one by one. Men . . . commendable when they are singled. Hooker.\n\nTo take the irrregular gait called single-foot;- said of a horse. See Single-foot. Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a disagreeable gait, which seems to be a cross between a pace and a trot, in which the two legs of one side are raised almost but not quite, simultaneously. Such horses are said to single, or to be single-footed. W. S. Clark.\n\n1. A unit; one; as, to score a single. 2. pl. The reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give them firmness. 3. A handful of gleaned grain. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] 4. (Law Tennis) A game with but one player on each side; -- usually in the plural. 5. (Baseball) A hit by a batter which enables him to reach first base only.", "singled": null, @@ -70863,7 +62451,6 @@ "singularity": "1. The quality or state of being singular; some character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most, others; peculiarity. Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling down of the seeds yieldeth corn. Sir. W. Raleigh. I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument. Addison. 2. Anything singular, rare, or curious. Your gallery Have we passed through, not without much content In many singularities. Shak. 3. Possession of a particular or exclusive privilege, prerogative, or distinction. No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity [universal bishop]. Hooker. Catholicism . . . must be understood in opposition to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation. Bp. Pearson. 4. Celibacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.", "singularly": "1. In a singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not common to others; extraordinarily; as, to be singularly exact in one's statements; singularly considerate of others. \"Singularly handsome.\" Milman. 2. Strangely; oddly; as, to behave singularly. 3. So as to express one, or the singular number.", "singulars": "1. Separate or apart from others; single; distinct. [Obs.] Bacon. And God forbid that all a company Should rue a singular man's folly. Chaucer. 2. Engaged in by only one on a side; single. [Obs.] To try the matter thus together in a singular combat. Holinshed. 3. (Logic) Existing by itself; single; individual. The idea which represents one . . . determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex, or compound. I. Watts. 4. (Law) Each; individual; as, to convey several parcels of land, all and singular. 5. (Gram.) Denoting one person or thing; as, the singular number; -- opposed to dual and Ant: plural. 6. Standing by itself; out of the ordinary course; unusual; uncommon; strange; as, a singular phenomenon. So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange as the effect. Denham. 7. Distinguished as existing in a very high degree; rarely equaled; eminent; extraordinary; exceptional; as, a man of singular gravity or attainments. 8. Departing from general usage or expectations; odd; whimsical; -- often implying disapproval or consure. His zeal None seconded, as out of season judged, Or singular and rash. Milton. To be singular in anything that is wise and worthy, is not a disparagement, but a praise. Tillotson. 9. Being alone; belonging to, or being, that of which there is but one; unique. These busts of the emperors and empresses are all very scarce, and some of them almost singular in their kind. Addison. Singular point in a curve (Math.), a point at which the curve possesses some peculiar properties not possessed by other points of the curve, as a cusp point, or a multiple point. -- Singular proposition (Logic), a proposition having as its subject a singular term, or a common term limited to an individual by means of a singular sign. Whately. -- Singular succession (Civil Law), division among individual successors, as distinguished from universal succession, by which an estate descended in intestacy to the heirs in mass. -- Singular term (Logic), a term which represents or stands for a single individual. Syn. -- Unexampled; unprecedented; eminent; extraordinary; remarkable; uncommon; rare; unusual; peculiar; strange; odd; eccentric; fantastic.\n\n1. An individual instance; a particular. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 2. (Gram) The singular number, or the number denoting one person or thing; a word in the singular number.", - "sinhalese": null, "sinister": "1. On the left hand, or the side of the left hand; left; -- opposed to dexter, or right. \"Here on his sinister cheek.\" Shak. My mother's blood Runs on the dexter cheek, and this sinister Bounds in my father's Shak. Note: In heraldy the sinister side of an escutcheon is the side which would be on the left of the bearer of the shield, and opposite the right hand of the beholder. 2. Unlucky; inauspicious; disastrous; injurious; evil; -- the left being usually regarded as the unlucky side; as, sinister influences. All the several ills that visit earth, Brought forth by night, with a sinister birth. B. Jonson. 3. Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse; dishonest; corrupt; as, sinister aims. Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts. Bacon. He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts. South. He read in their looks . . . sinister intentions directed particularly toward himself. Sir W. Scott. 4. Indicative of lurking evil or harm; boding covert danger; as, a sinister countenance. Bar sinister. (Her.) See under Bar, n. -- Sinister aspect (Astrol.), an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs, as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini. -- Sinister base, Sinister chief. See under Escutcheon.", "sink": "1. To fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend lower and lower; to decline gradually; to subside; as, a stone sinks in water; waves rise and sink; the sun sinks in the west. I sink in deep mire. Ps. lxix. 2. 2. To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or below the surface; to penetrate. The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 San. xvii. 49. 3. Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding impression; to enter completely. Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44. 4. To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly, as so the ground, from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in strength; to decline; to decay; to decrease. I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24. Let not the fire sink or slacken. Mortimer. 5. To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside; to become diminished in volume or in apparent height. The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him. Addison. Syn. -- To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline; decay; decrease; lessen.\n\n1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse or submerge in a fluid; as, to sink a ship. [The Athenians] fell upon the wings and sank a single ship. Jowett (Thucyd.). 2. Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress; to degrade; hence, to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by drowping; as, to sink one's reputation. I raise of sink, imprison or set free. Prior. If I have a conscience, let it sink me. Shak. Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power Has sunk thy father more than all his years. Rowe. 3. To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or cutting, etc.; as, to sink a pit or a well; to sink a die. 4. To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to waste. You sunk the river repeated draughts. Addison. 5. To conseal and appropriate. [Slang] If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Swift. 6. To keep out of sight; to suppress; to ignore. A courtly willingness to sink obnoxious truths. Robertson. 7. To reduce or extinguish by payment; as, to sink the national debt.\n\n1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes. 2. A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or other material, connected with a drain, and used for receiving filthy water, etc., as in a kitchen. 3. A hole or low place in land or rock, where waters sink and are lost; -- called also sink hole. [U. S.] Sink hole. (a) The opening to a sink drain. (b) A cesspool. (c) Same as Sink, n., 3.", "sinkable": null, @@ -70871,7 +62458,6 @@ "sinkers": "One who, or that which, sinks. Specifically: (a) A weight on something, as on a fish line, to sink it. (b) In knitting machines, one of the thin plates, blades, or other devices, that depress the loops upon or between the needles. Dividing sinker, in knitting machines, a sinker between two jack sinkers and acting alternately with them. -- Jack sinker. See under Jack, n. -- Sinker bar. (a) In knitting machines, a bar to which one set of the sinkers is attached. (b) In deep well boring, a heavy bar forming a connection between the lifting rope and the boring tools, above the jars.", "sinkhole": null, "sinkholes": null, - "sinkiang": null, "sinking": "from Sink. Sinking fund. See under Fund. -- Sinking head (Founding), a riser from which the mold is fed as the casting shrinks. See Riser, n., 4. -- Sinking pump, a pump which can be lowered in a well or a mine shaft as the level of the water sinks.", "sinks": "1. To fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend lower and lower; to decline gradually; to subside; as, a stone sinks in water; waves rise and sink; the sun sinks in the west. I sink in deep mire. Ps. lxix. 2. 2. To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or below the surface; to penetrate. The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 San. xvii. 49. 3. Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding impression; to enter completely. Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44. 4. To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly, as so the ground, from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in strength; to decline; to decay; to decrease. I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24. Let not the fire sink or slacken. Mortimer. 5. To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside; to become diminished in volume or in apparent height. The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him. Addison. Syn. -- To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline; decay; decrease; lessen.\n\n1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse or submerge in a fluid; as, to sink a ship. [The Athenians] fell upon the wings and sank a single ship. Jowett (Thucyd.). 2. Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress; to degrade; hence, to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by drowping; as, to sink one's reputation. I raise of sink, imprison or set free. Prior. If I have a conscience, let it sink me. Shak. Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power Has sunk thy father more than all his years. Rowe. 3. To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or cutting, etc.; as, to sink a pit or a well; to sink a die. 4. To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to waste. You sunk the river repeated draughts. Addison. 5. To conseal and appropriate. [Slang] If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Swift. 6. To keep out of sight; to suppress; to ignore. A courtly willingness to sink obnoxious truths. Robertson. 7. To reduce or extinguish by payment; as, to sink the national debt.\n\n1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes. 2. A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or other material, connected with a drain, and used for receiving filthy water, etc., as in a kitchen. 3. A hole or low place in land or rock, where waters sink and are lost; -- called also sink hole. [U. S.] Sink hole. (a) The opening to a sink drain. (b) A cesspool. (c) Same as Sink, n., 3.", "sinless": "Free from sin. Piers Plowman. -- Sin\"less*ly, adv. -- Sin\"less*ness, n.", @@ -70888,7 +62474,6 @@ "sinuses": null, "sinusitis": null, "sinusoidal": "Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a sinusoid.", - "sioux": "See Dakotas.", "sip": "1. To drink or imbibe in small quantities; especially, to take in with the lips in small quantities, as a liquid; as, to sip tea. \"Every herb that sips the dew.\" Milton. 2. To draw into the mouth; to suck up; as, a bee sips nectar from the flowers. 3. To taste the liquor of; to drink out of. [Poetic] They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers. Dryden.\n\nTo drink a small quantity; to take a fluid with the lips; to take a sip or sips of something. [She] raised it to her mouth with sober grace; Then, sipping, offered to the next in place. Dryden.\n\n1. The act of sipping; the taking of a liquid with the lips. 2. A small draught taken with the lips; a slight taste. One sip of this Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight Beyond the bliss of dreams. Milton. A sip is all that the public ever care to take from reservoirs of abstract philosophy. De Quincey.", "siphon": "1. A device, consisting of a pipe or tube bent so as to form two branches or legs of unequal length, by which a liquid can be transferred to a lower level, as from one vessel to another, over an intermediate elevation, by the action of the pressure of the atmosphere in forcing the liquid up the shorter branch of the pipe immersed in it, while the continued excess of weight of the liquid in the longer branch (when once filled) causes a continuous flow. The flow takes place only when the discharging extremity of the pipe ia lower than the higher liquid surface, and when no part of the pipe is higher above the surface than the same liquid will rise by atmospheric pressure; that is, about 33 feet for water, and 30 inches for mercury, near the sea level. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the tubes or folds of the mantle border of a bivalve or gastropod mollusk by which water is conducted into the gill cavity. See Illust. under Mya, and Lamellibranchiata. (b) The anterior prolongation of the margin of any gastropod shell for the protection of the soft siphon. (c) The tubular organ through which water is ejected from the gill cavity of a cephaloid. It serves as a locomotive organ, by guiding and confining the jet of water. Called also siphuncle. See Illust. under Loligo, and Dibranchiata. (d) The siphuncle of a cephalopod shell. (e) The sucking proboscis of certain parasitic insects and crustaceans. (f) A sproutlike prolongation in front of the mouth of many gephyreans. (g) A tubular organ connected both with the esophagus and the intestine of certain sea urchins and annelids. 3. A siphon bottle. Inverted siphon, a tube bent like a siphon, but having the branches turned upward; specifically (Hydraulic Engineering), a pipe for conducting water beneath a depressed place, as from one hill to another across an intervening valley, following the depression of the ground. -- Siphon barometer. See under Barometer. -- Siphon bottle, a bottle for holding aërated water, which is driven out through a bent tube in the neck by the gas within the bottle when a valve in the tube is opened; -- called also gazogene, and siphoid. -- Siphon condenser, a condenser for a steam engine, in which the vacuum is maintained by the downward flow of water through a vertical pipe of great height. -- Siphon cup, a cup with a siphon attached for carrying off any liquid in it; specifically (Mach.), an oil cup in which oil is carried over the edge of a tube in a cotton wick, and so reaches the surface to be lubricated. -- Siphon gauge. See under Gauge. -- Siphon pump, a jet pump. See under Jet, n.\n\nTo convey, or draw off, by means of a siphon, as a liquid from one vessel to another at a lower level.", "siphoned": null, @@ -70906,7 +62491,6 @@ "sirens": "1. (Class. Myth.) One of three sea nymphs, -- or, according to some writers, of two, -- said to frequent an island near the coast of Italy, and to sing with such sweetness that they lured mariners to destruction. Next where the sirens dwell you plow the seas; Their song is death, and makes destruction please. Pope. 2. An enticing, dangerous woman. Shak. 3. Something which is insidious or deceptive. Consumption is a siren. W. Irving. 4. A mermaid. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Zoöl.) Any long, slender amphibian of the genus Siren or family Sirenidæ, destitute of hind legs and pelvis, and having permanent external gills as well as lungs. They inhabit the swamps, lagoons, and ditches of the Southern United States. The more common species (Siren lacertina) is dull lead-gray in color, and becames two feet long. 6. Etym: [F. sirène, properly, a siren in sense 1.] (Acoustics) An instrument for producing musical tones and for ascertaining the number of sound waves or vibrations per second which produce a note of a given pitch. The sounds are produced by a perforated rotating disk or disks. A form with two disks operated by steam or highly compressed air is used sounding an alarm to vessels in fog. [Written also sirene, and syren.]\n\nOf or pertaining to a siren; bewitching, like a siren; fascinating; alluring; as, a siren song.", "sires": "1. A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [Obs.] Pain and distress, sickness and ire, And melancholy that angry sire, Be of her palace senators. Rom. of R. 2. A tittle of respect formerly used in speaking to elders and superiors, but now only in addressing a sovereign. 3. A father; the head of a family; the husband. Jankin thet was our sire [i.e., husband]. Chaucer. And raise his issue, like a loving sire. Shak. 4. A creator; a maker; an author; an originator. [He] was the sire of an immortal strain. Shelley. 5. The male parent of a beast; -- applied especially to horses; as, the horse had a good sire. Note: Sire is often used in composition; as in grandsire, grandfather; great-grandsire, great-grandfather.\n\nTo beget; to procreate; -- used of beasts, and especially of stallions.", "siring": null, - "sirius": "The Dog Star. See Dog Star.", "sirloin": "A loin of beef, or a part of a loin. [Written also surloin.]", "sirloins": "A loin of beef, or a part of a loin. [Written also surloin.]", "sirocco": "An oppressive, relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly experienced in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.", @@ -70928,9 +62512,6 @@ "sisterliness": null, "sisterly": "Like a sister; becoming a sister, affectionate; as, sisterly kindness; sisterly remorse. Shak.", "sisters": "1. A female who has the same parents with another person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case, she is more definitely called a half sister. The correlative of brother. I am the sister of one Claudio. Shak. 2. A woman who is closely allied to, or assocciated with, another person, as in the sdame faith, society, order, or community. James ii. 15. 3. One of the same kind, or of the same condition; -- generally used adjectively; as, sister fruits. Pope. Sister Block (Naut.), a tackle block having two sheaves, one above the other. -- Sister hooks, a pair of hooks fitted together, the shank of one forming a mousing for the other; -- called also match hook. -- Sister of charity, Sister of mercy. (R. C. Ch.) See under Charity, and Mercy.\n\nTo be sister to; to resemble closely. [Obs.] Shak.", - "sistine": "Of or pertaining to Pope Sixtus. Sistine chapel, a chapel in the Vatican at Rome, built by Pope Sixtus IV., and decorated with frescoes by Michael Angelo and others.", - "sisyphean": "Relating to Sisyphus; incessantly recurring; as, Sisyphean labors.", - "sisyphus": "A king of Corinth, son of Æolus, famed for his cunning. He was killed by Theseus, and in the lower world was condemned by Pluto to roll to the top of a hill a huge stone, which constantly rolled back again, making his task incessant.", "sit": "obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Sit, for sitteth.\n\n1. To rest upon the haunches, or the lower extremity of the trunk of the body; -- said of human beings, and sometimes of other animals; as, to sit on a sofa, on a chair, or on the ground. And he came and took the book put of the right hand of him that sate upon the seat. Bible (1551) (Rev. v. 7.) I pray you, jest, sir, as you sit at dinner. Shak. 2. To perch; to rest with the feet drawn up, as birds do on a branch, pole, etc. 3. To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest in any position or condition. And Moses said to . . . the children of Reuben, Shall your brothren go to war, and shall ye sit here Num. xxxii. 6. Like a demigod here sit I in the sky. Shak. 4. To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh; -- with on; as, a weight or burden sits lightly upon him. The calamity sits heavy on us. Jer. Taylor. 5. To be adjusted; to fit; as, a coat sts well or ill. This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, Sits not so easy on me as you think. Shak. 6. To suit one well or ill, as an act; to become; to befit; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood; to incubate. As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11. 8. To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a relative position; to have direction. Like a good miller that knows how to grind, which way soever the wind sits. Selden. Sits the wind in that quarter Sir W. Scott. 9. To occupy a place or seat as a member of an official body; as, to sit in Congress. 10. To hold a session; to be in session for official business; -- said of legislative assemblies, courts, etc.; as, the court sits in January; the aldermen sit to-night. 11. To take a position for the purpose of having some artistic representation of one's self made, as a picture or a bust; as, to sit to a painter. To sit at, to rest under; to be subject to. [Obs.] \"A farmer can not husband his ground so well if he sit at a great rent\". Bacon. -- To sit at meat or at table, to be at table for eating. -- To sit down. (a) To place one's self on a chair or other seat; as, to sit down when tired. (b) To begin a siege; as, the enemy sat down before the town. (c) To settle; to fix a permanent abode. Spenser. (d) To rest; to cease as satisfied. \"Here we can not sit down, but still proceed in our search.\" Rogers. -- To sit for a fellowship, to offer one's self for examination with a view to obtaining a fellowship. [Eng. Univ.] -- To sit out. (a) To be without engagement or employment. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. (b) To outstay. -- To sit under, to be under the instruction or ministrations of; as, to sit under a preacher; to sit under good preaching. -- To sit up, to rise from, or refrain from, a recumbent posture or from sleep; to sit with the body upright; as, to sit up late at night; also, to watch; as, to sit up with a sick person. \"He that was dead sat up, and began to speak.\" Luke vii. 15.\n\n1. To sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; as, he sits a horse well. Hardly the muse can sit the headstrong horse. Prior. 2. To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish a seat to; -- used reflexively. They sat them down to weep. Milton. Sit you down, father; rest you. Shak. 3. To suit (well or ill); to become. [Obs. or R.]", "sitar": null, "sitarist": null, @@ -70957,8 +62538,6 @@ "situation": "1. Manner in which an object is placed; location, esp. as related to something else; position; locality site; as, a house in a pleasant situation. 2. Position, as regards the conditions and circumstances of the case. A situation of the greatest ease and tranquillity. Rogers. 3. Relative position; circumstances; temporary state or relation at a moment of action which excites interest, as of persons in a dramatic scene. There's situation for you! there's an heroic group! Sheridan. 4. Permanent position or employment; place; office; as, a situation in a store; a situation under government. Syn. -- State; position; seat; site; station; post; place; office; condition; case; plight. See State.", "situational": null, "situations": "1. Manner in which an object is placed; location, esp. as related to something else; position; locality site; as, a house in a pleasant situation. 2. Position, as regards the conditions and circumstances of the case. A situation of the greatest ease and tranquillity. Rogers. 3. Relative position; circumstances; temporary state or relation at a moment of action which excites interest, as of persons in a dramatic scene. There's situation for you! there's an heroic group! Sheridan. 4. Permanent position or employment; place; office; as, a situation in a store; a situation under government. Syn. -- State; position; seat; site; station; post; place; office; condition; case; plight. See State.", - "siva": "One of the triad of Hindoo gods. He is the avenger or destroyer, and in modern worship symbolizes the reproductive power of nature.", - "sivan": "The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year; -- supposed to correspond nearly with our month of June.", "six": "One more than five; twice three; as, six yards. Six Nations (Ethnol.), a confederation of North American Indians formed by the union of the Tuscaroras and the Five Nations. -- Six points circle. (Geom.) See Nine points circle, under Nine.\n\n1. The number greater by a unit than five; the sum of three and three; six units or objects. 2. A symbol representing six units, as 6, vi., or VI. To be at six and seven or at sixes and sevens, to be in disorder. Bacon. Shak. Swift.", "sixes": null, "sixfold": "Six times repeated; six times as much or as many.", @@ -70987,10 +62566,6 @@ "sizzlers": null, "sizzles": "To make a hissing sound; to fry, or to dry and shrivel up, with a hissing sound. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Forby.\n\nA hissing sound, as of something frying over a fire. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]", "sizzling": "from Sizzle.", - "sj": null, - "sjaelland": null, - "sjw": null, - "sk": null, "ska": null, "skate": "A metallic runner with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a shoe, -- made to be fastened under the foot, and used for moving rapidly on ice. Batavia rushes forth; and as they sweep, On sounding skates, a thousand different ways, In circling poise, swift as the winds, along, The then gay land is maddended all to joy. Thomson. Roller skate. See under Roller.\n\nTo move on skates.\n\nAny one of numerous species of large, flat elasmobranch fishes of the genus Raia, having a long, slender tail, terminated by a small caudal fin. The pectoral fins, which are large and broad and united to the sides of the body and head, give a somewhat rhombic form to these fishes. The skin is more or less spinose. Note: Some of the species are used for food, as the European blue or gray skate (Raia batis), which sometimes weighs nearly 200 pounds. The American smooth, or barn-door, skate (R. lævis) is also a large species, often becoming three or four feet across. The common spiny skate (R. erinacea) is much smaller. Skate's egg. See Sea purse. -- Skate sucker, any marine leech of the genus Pontobdella, parasitic on skates.", "skateboard": null, @@ -71095,7 +62670,6 @@ "skinheads": null, "skinless": "Having no skin, or a very thin skin; as, skinless fruit.", "skinned": null, - "skinner": "1. One who skins. 2. One who deals in skins, pelts, or hides.", "skinnier": null, "skinniest": null, "skinniness": "Quality of being skinny.", @@ -71111,7 +62685,6 @@ "skippering": null, "skippers": "1. One who, or that which, skips. 2. A young, thoughtless person. Shak. 3. (Zoöl.) The saury (Scomberesox saurus). 4. The cheese maggot. See Cheese fly, under Cheese. 5. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small butterflies of the family Hesperiadæ; -- so called from their peculiar short, jerking flight.\n\n1. (Naut.) The master of a fishing or small trading vessel; hence, the master, or captain, of any vessel. 2. A ship boy. [Obs.] Congreve.", "skipping": null, - "skippy": null, "skips": "1. A basket. See Skep. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] 2. A basket on wheels, used in cotton factories. 3. (Mining) An iron bucket, which slides between guides, for hoisting mineral and rock. 4. (Sugar Manuf.) A charge of sirup in the pans. 5. A beehive; a skep.\n\n1. To leap lightly; to move in leaps and hounds; -- commonly implying a sportive spirit. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play Pope. So she drew her mother away skipping, dancing, and frisking fantastically. Hawthorne. 2. Fig.: To leave matters unnoticed, as in reading, speaking, or writing; to pass by, or overlook, portions of a thing; -- often followed by over.\n\n1. To leap lightly over; as, to skip the rope. 2. To pass over or by without notice; to omit; to miss; as, to skip a line in reading; to skip a lesson. They who have a mind to see the issue may skip these two chapters. Bp. Burnet. 3. To cause to skip; as, to skip a stone. [Colloq.]\n\n1. A light leap or bound. 2. The act of passing over an interval from one thing to another; an omission of a part. 3. (Mus.) A passage from one sound to another by more than a degree at once. Busby. Skip kennel, a lackey; a footboy. [Slang.] Swift. -- Skip mackerel. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish, 1.", "skirmish": "To fight slightly or in small parties; to engage in a skirmish or skirmishes; to act as skirmishers.\n\n1. A slight fight in war; a light or desultory combat between detachments from armies, or between detached and small bodies of troops. 2. A slight contest. They never meet but there's a skirmish of wit. Shak.", "skirmished": null, @@ -71147,7 +62720,6 @@ "skivvying": null, "skoal": null, "skoals": null, - "skopje": null, "skua": "Any jager gull; especially, the Megalestris skua; -- called also boatswain.", "skuas": "Any jager gull; especially, the Megalestris skua; -- called also boatswain.", "skulduggery": null, @@ -71174,7 +62746,6 @@ "skydivers": null, "skydives": null, "skydiving": null, - "skye": null, "skying": null, "skyjack": null, "skyjacked": null, @@ -71183,7 +62754,6 @@ "skyjacking": null, "skyjackings": null, "skyjacks": null, - "skylab": null, "skylark": "A lark that mounts and sings as it files, especially the common species (Alauda arvensis) found in Europe and in some parts of Asia, and celebrated for its melodious song; -- called also sky laverock. See under Lark. Note: The Australian skylark (Cincloramphus cantillans) is a pipit which has the habit of ascending perpendicularly like a skylark, but it lacks the song of a true lark. The Missouri skylark is a pipit (Anthus Spraguei) of the Western United States, resembling the skylark in habit and song.", "skylarked": null, "skylarking": "The act of running about the rigging of a vessel in sport; hence, frolicking; scuffing; sporting; carousing. [Colloq.]", @@ -71192,7 +62762,6 @@ "skylights": "A window placed in the roof of a building, in the ceiling of a room, or in the deck of a ship, for the admission of light from above.", "skyline": null, "skylines": null, - "skype": null, "skyrocket": "A rocket that ascends high and burns as it flies; a species of fireworks.", "skyrocketed": null, "skyrocketing": null, @@ -71221,7 +62790,6 @@ "slackly": "In a slack manner. Trench.", "slackness": "The quality or state of being slack.", "slacks": "Small coal; also, coal dust; culm. Raymond.\n\nA valley, or small, shallow dell. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.\n\nLax; not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as, a slack rope. 2. Weak; not holding fast; as, a slack hand. Milton. 3. Remiss; backward; not using due diligence or care; not earnest or eager; as, slack in duty or service. The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness. 2 Pet. iii. 9. 4. Not violent, rapid, or pressing; slow; moderate; easy; as, business is slack. \"With slack pace.\" Chaucer. Cslack southwest, at midnight was becalmed. Milton. Slack in stays (Naut.), slow in going about, as a ship. -- Slack water, the time when the tide runs slowly, or the water is at rest; or the interval between the flux and reflux of the tide. -- Slack-water navigation, navigation in a stream the depth of which has been increased, and the current diminished, by a dam or dams. Syn. -- Loose; relaxed; weak; remiss; backward; abated; diminished; inactive; slow; tardy; dull.\n\nSlackly; as, slack dried hops.\n\nThe part of anything that hangs loose, having no strain upon it; as, the slack of a rope or of a sail.\n\n1. To become slack; to be made less tense, firm, or rigid; to decrease in tension; as, a wet cord slackens in dry weather. 2. To be remiss or backward; to be negligent. 3. To lose cohesion or solidity by a chemical combination with water; to slake; as, lime slacks. 4. To abate; to become less violent. Whence these raging fires Will slacken, if his breath stir not their flames. Milton. 5. To lose rapidity; to become more slow; as, a current of water slackens. 6. To languish; to fail; to flag. 7. To end; to cease; to desist; to slake. [Obs.] That through your death your lineage should slack. Chaucer. They will not of that firste purpose slack. Chaucer.\n\n1. To render slack; to make less tense or firm; as, to slack a rope; to slacken a bandage. Wycklif (Acts xxvii. 40) 2. To neglect; to be remiss in. [Obs.] Shak. Slack not the pressage. Dryden. 3. To deprive of cohesion by combining chemically with water; to slake; as, to slack lime. 4. To cause to become less eager; to repress; to make slow or less rapid; to retard; as, to slacken pursuit; to slacken industry. \"Rancor for to slack.\" Chaucer. I should be grieved, young prince, to think my presence Unbent your thoughts, and slackened 'em to arms. Addison. In this business of growing rich, poor men should slack their pace. South. With such delay Well plased, they slack their course. Milton. 5. To cause to become less intense; to mitigate; to abate; to ease. To respite, or deceive, or slack thy pain Of this ill mansion. Milton. Air-slacked lime, lime slacked by exposure to the air, in consequence of the absorption of carton dioxide and water, by which it is converted into carbonate of lime and hydrate of lime.", - "slackware": null, "slag": "1. The dross, or recrement, of a metal; also, vitrified cinders. 2. The scoria of a volcano. Slag furnace, or Slag hearth (Metal.), a furnace, or hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore. -- Slag wool, mineral wool. See under Mineral.", "slagged": null, "slagging": null, @@ -71270,7 +62838,6 @@ "slaps": "A blow, esp. one given with the open hand, or with something broad.\n\nTo strike with the open hand, or with something broad.\n\nWith a sudden and violent blow; hence, quickly; instantly; directly. [Colloq.] \"The railroad cars drive slap into the city.\" Thackeray.", "slapstick": null, "slash": "1. To cut by striking violently and at random; to cut in long slits. 2. To lash; to ply the whip to. [R.] King. 3. To crack or snap, as a whip. [R.] Dr. H. More.\n\nTo strike violently and at random, esp. with an edged instrument; to lay about one indiscriminately with blows; to cut hastily and carelessly. Hewing and slashing at their idle shades. Spenser.\n\n1. A long cut; a cut made at random. 2. A large slit in the material of any garment, made to show the lining through the openings. 3. Etym: [Cf. Slashy.] pl. Swampy or wet lands overgrown with bushes. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.", - "slashdot": null, "slashed": "1. Marked or cut with a slash or slashes; deeply gashed; especially, having long, narrow openings, as a sleeve or other part of a garment, to show rich lining or under vesture. A gray jerkin, with scarlet and slashed sleeves. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Bot.) Divided into many narrow parts or segments by sharp incisions; laciniate.", "slasher": "A machine for applying size to warp yarns.", "slashers": "A machine for applying size to warp yarns.", @@ -71279,7 +62846,6 @@ "slat": "A thin, narrow strip or bar of wood or metal; as, the slats of a window blind.\n\n1. To slap; to strike; to beat; to throw down violently. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] How did you kill him Slat[t]ed his brains out. Marston. 2. To split; to crack. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. To set on; to incite. See 3d Slate. [Prov. Eng.]", "slate": "1. (Min.) An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin plates; argillite; argillaceous schist. 2. Any rock or stone having a slaty structure. 3. A prepared piece of such stone. Especially: (a) A thin, flat piece, for roofing or covering houses, etc. (b) A tablet for writing upon. 4. An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the above purposes. 5. A thin plate of any material; a flake. [Obs.] 6. (Politics) A list of candidates, prepared for nomination or for election; a list of candidates, or a programme of action, devised beforehand. [Cant, U.S.] Bartlett. Adhesive slate (Min.), a kind of slate of a greenish gray color, which absorbs water rapidly, and adheres to the tongue; whence the name. -- Aluminous slate, or Alum slate (Min.), a kind of slate containing sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture of alum. -- Bituminous slate (Min.), a soft species of sectile clay slate, impregnated with bitumen. -- Hornblende slate (Min.), a slaty rock, consisting essentially of hornblende and feldspar, useful for flagging on account of its toughness. -- Slate ax or axe, a mattock with an ax end, used in shaping slates for roofs, and making holes in them for the nails. -- Slate clay (Geol.), an indurated clay, forming one of the alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an infusible compound of alumina and silica, and often used for making fire bricks. Tomlinson. -- Slate globe, a globe the surface of which is made of an artificial slatelike material. -- Slate pencil, a pencil of slate, or of soapstone, used for writing on a slate. -- Slate rocks (Min.), rocks which split into thin laminæ, not necessarily parallel to the stratification; foliated rocks. -- Slate spar (Min.), a variety of calcite of silvery white luster and of a slaty structure. -- Transparent slate, a plate of translucent material, as ground glass, upon which a copy of a picture, placed beneath it, can be made by tracing.\n\n1. To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe. 2. To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for an appointment. [Polit. Cant]\n\nTo set a dog upon; to bait; to slat. See 2d Slat, 3. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [Written also slete.] Ray.", "slated": null, - "slater": "One who lays slates, or whose occupation is to slate buildings.\n\nAny terrestrial isopod crustacean of the genus Porcellio and allied genera; a sow bug.", "slates": "1. (Min.) An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin plates; argillite; argillaceous schist. 2. Any rock or stone having a slaty structure. 3. A prepared piece of such stone. Especially: (a) A thin, flat piece, for roofing or covering houses, etc. (b) A tablet for writing upon. 4. An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the above purposes. 5. A thin plate of any material; a flake. [Obs.] 6. (Politics) A list of candidates, prepared for nomination or for election; a list of candidates, or a programme of action, devised beforehand. [Cant, U.S.] Bartlett. Adhesive slate (Min.), a kind of slate of a greenish gray color, which absorbs water rapidly, and adheres to the tongue; whence the name. -- Aluminous slate, or Alum slate (Min.), a kind of slate containing sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture of alum. -- Bituminous slate (Min.), a soft species of sectile clay slate, impregnated with bitumen. -- Hornblende slate (Min.), a slaty rock, consisting essentially of hornblende and feldspar, useful for flagging on account of its toughness. -- Slate ax or axe, a mattock with an ax end, used in shaping slates for roofs, and making holes in them for the nails. -- Slate clay (Geol.), an indurated clay, forming one of the alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an infusible compound of alumina and silica, and often used for making fire bricks. Tomlinson. -- Slate globe, a globe the surface of which is made of an artificial slatelike material. -- Slate pencil, a pencil of slate, or of soapstone, used for writing on a slate. -- Slate rocks (Min.), rocks which split into thin laminæ, not necessarily parallel to the stratification; foliated rocks. -- Slate spar (Min.), a variety of calcite of silvery white luster and of a slaty structure. -- Transparent slate, a plate of translucent material, as ground glass, upon which a copy of a picture, placed beneath it, can be made by tracing.\n\n1. To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe. 2. To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for an appointment. [Polit. Cant]\n\nTo set a dog upon; to bait; to slat. See 2d Slat, 3. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [Written also slete.] Ray.", "slather": null, "slathered": null, @@ -71299,7 +62865,6 @@ "slaughterhouses": "A house where beasts are butchered for the market.", "slaughtering": null, "slaughters": "The act of killing. Specifically: (a) The extensive, violent, bloody, or wanton destruction of life; carnage. On war and mutual slaughter bent. Milton. (b) The act of killing cattle or other beasts for market. Syn. -- Carnage; massacre; butchery; murder; havoc.\n\n1. To visit with great destruction of life; to kill; to slay in battle. Your castle is surprised; your wife and babes Savagely slaughtered. Shak. 2. To butcher; to kill for the market, as beasts.", - "slav": "One of a race of people occupying a large part of Eastern and Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bulgarians, Roumanians, Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Wends or Sorbs, Slovaks, etc. [Written also Slave, and Sclav.]", "slave": "See Slav.\n\n1. A person who is held in bondage to another; one who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who is held as a chattel; one who has no freedom of action, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another. thou our slave, Our captive, at the public mill our drudge Milton. 2. One who has lost the power of resistance; one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as, a slave to passion, to lust, to strong drink, to ambition. 3. A drudge; one who labors like a slave. 4. An abject person; a wretch. Shak. Slave ant (Zoöl.), any species of ants which is captured and enslaved by another species, especially Formica fusca of Europe and America, which is commonly enslaved by Formica sanguinea. -- Slave catcher, one who attempted to catch and bring back a fugitive slave to his master. -- Slave coast, part of the western coast of Africa to which slaves were brought to be sold to foreigners. -- Slave driver, one who superintends slaves at their work; hence, figuratively, a cruel taskmaster. -- Slave hunt. (a) A search after persons in order to reduce them to slavery. Barth. (b) A search after fugitive slaves, often conducted with bloodhounds. -- Slave ship, a vessel employed in the slave trade or used for transporting slaves; a slaver. -- Slave trade, the busines of dealing in slaves, especially of buying them for transportation from their homes to be sold elsewhere. -- Slave trader, one who traffics in slaves. Syn. -- Bond servant; bondman; bondslave; captive; henchman; vassal; dependent; drudge. See Serf.\n\nTo drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.\n\nTo enslave. Marston.", "slaved": null, "slaveholder": "One who holds slaves.", @@ -71310,13 +62875,10 @@ "slavers": "1. A vessel engaged in the slave trade; a slave ship. 2. A person engaged in the purchase and sale of slaves; a slave merchant, or slave trader. The slaver's hand was on the latch, He seemed in haste to go. Longfellow.\n\n1. To suffer spittle, etc., to run from the mouth. 2. To be besmeared with saliva. Shak.\n\nTo smear with saliva issuing from the mouth; to defile with drivel; to slabber.\n\nSaliva driveling from the mouth. Of all mad creatures, if the learned are right, It is the slaver kills, and not the bite. Pope.", "slavery": "1. The condition of a slave; the state of entire subjection of one person to the will of another. Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, slavery, said I, still thou art a bitter draught! Sterne. I wish, from my soul, that the legislature of this state [Virginia] could see the policy of a gradual abolition of slavery. It might prevent much future mischief. Washington. 2. A condition of subjection or submission characterized by lack of freedom of action or of will. The vulgar slaveries rich men submit to. C. Lever. There is a slavery that no legislation can abolish, -- the slavery of caste. G. W. Cable. 3. The holding of slaves. Syn. -- Bondage; servitude; inthrallment; enslavement; captivity; bond service; vassalage.", "slaves": "See Slav.\n\n1. A person who is held in bondage to another; one who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who is held as a chattel; one who has no freedom of action, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another. thou our slave, Our captive, at the public mill our drudge Milton. 2. One who has lost the power of resistance; one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as, a slave to passion, to lust, to strong drink, to ambition. 3. A drudge; one who labors like a slave. 4. An abject person; a wretch. Shak. Slave ant (Zoöl.), any species of ants which is captured and enslaved by another species, especially Formica fusca of Europe and America, which is commonly enslaved by Formica sanguinea. -- Slave catcher, one who attempted to catch and bring back a fugitive slave to his master. -- Slave coast, part of the western coast of Africa to which slaves were brought to be sold to foreigners. -- Slave driver, one who superintends slaves at their work; hence, figuratively, a cruel taskmaster. -- Slave hunt. (a) A search after persons in order to reduce them to slavery. Barth. (b) A search after fugitive slaves, often conducted with bloodhounds. -- Slave ship, a vessel employed in the slave trade or used for transporting slaves; a slaver. -- Slave trade, the busines of dealing in slaves, especially of buying them for transportation from their homes to be sold elsewhere. -- Slave trader, one who traffics in slaves. Syn. -- Bond servant; bondman; bondslave; captive; henchman; vassal; dependent; drudge. See Serf.\n\nTo drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.\n\nTo enslave. Marston.", - "slavic": "Slavonic. -- n. The group of allied languages spoken by the Slavs.", "slaving": null, "slavish": "Of or pertaining to slaves; such as becomes or befits a slave; servile; excessively laborious; as, a slavish life; a slavish dependance on the great. -- Slav\"ish*ly, adv. -- Slav\"ish*ness, n.", "slavishly": null, "slavishness": null, - "slavonic": "1. Of or pertaining to Slavonia, or its inhabitants. 2. Of or pertaining to the Slavs, or their language.", - "slavs": "One of a race of people occupying a large part of Eastern and Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bulgarians, Roumanians, Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Wends or Sorbs, Slovaks, etc. [Written also Slave, and Sclav.]", "slaw": "Sliced cabbage served as a salad, cooked or uncooked.\n\np. p. of Slee, to slay. With a sword drawn out he would have slaw himself. Wyclif (Acts xvi. 27.)", "slay": "To put to death with a weapon, or by violence; hence, to kill; to put an end to; to destroy. With this sword then will I slay you both. Chaucer. I will slay the last of them with the sword. Amos ix. 1. I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk. Shak. Syn. -- To kill; murder; slaughter; butcher.", "slayed": null, @@ -71430,7 +62992,6 @@ "slicks": "See Schlich.\n\nSleek; smooth. \"Both slick and dainty.\" Chapman.\n\nTo make sleek or smoth. \"Slicked all with sweet oil.\" Chapman.\n\nA wide paring chisel.", "slid": "imp. & p. p. of Slide.", "slide": "1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without walking or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, snow slides down the mountain's side. 2. Especially, to move over snow or ice with a smooth, uninterrupted motion, as on a sled moving by the force of gravity, or on the feet. They bathe in summer, and in winter slide. Waller. 3. To pass inadvertently. Beware thou slide not by it. Ecclus. xxviii. 26. 4. To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward without friction or hindrance; as, a ship or boat slides through the water. Ages shall slide away without perceiving. Dryden. Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole. Pope. 5. To slip when walking or standing; to fall. Their foot shall slide in due time. Deut. xxxii. 35. 6. (Mus.) To pass from one note to another with no perceptible cassation of sound. 7. To pass out of one's thought as not being of any consequence. [Obs. or Colloq.] With good hope let he sorrow slide. Chaucer. With a calm carelessness letting everything slide. Sir P. Sidney.\n\n1. To cause to slide; to thrust along; as, to slide one piece of timber along another. 2. To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.\n\n1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice. 2. Smooth, even passage or progress. A better slide into their business. Bacon. 3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically: (a) An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of gravity, esp. one constructed on a mountain side for conveying logs by sliding them down. (b) A surface of ice or snow on which children slide for amusement. 4. That which operates by sliding. Specifically: (a) A cover which opens or closes an aperture by sliding over it. (b) (Mach.) A moving piece which is guided by a part or parts along which it slides. (c) A clasp or brooch for a belt, or the like. 5. A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture or delineation to be exhibited by means of a magic lantern, stereopticon, or the like; a plate on which is an object to be examined with a microscope. 6. The descent of a mass of earth, rock, or snow down a hill or mountain side; as, a land slide, or a snow slide; also, the track of bare rock left by a land slide. 7. (Geol.) A small dislocation in beds of rock along a line of fissure. Dana. 8. (Mus.) (a) A grace consisting of two or more small notes moving by conjoint degrees, and leading to a principal note either above or below. (b) An apparatus in the trumpet and trombone by which the sounding tube is lengthened and shortened so as to produce the tones between the fundamental and its harmonics. 9. (Phonetics) A sound which, by a gradual change in the position of the vocal organs, passes imperceptibly into another sound. 10. (Steam Engine) (a) Same as Guide bar, under Guide. (b) A slide valve. Slide box (Steam Engine), a steam chest. See under Steam. -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe. See under Lathe. -- Slide rail, a transfer table. See under Transfer. -- Slide rest (Turning lathes), a contrivance for holding, moving, and guiding, the cutting tool, made to slide on ways or guides by screws or otherwise, and having compound motion. -- Slide rule, a mathematical instrument consisting of two parts, one of which slides upon the other, for the mechanical performance of addition and subtraction, and, by means of logarithmic scales, of multiplication and division. -- Slide valve. (a) Any valve which opens and closes a passageway by sliding over a port. (b) A particular kind of sliding valve, often used in steam engines for admitting steam to the piston and releasing it, alternately, having a cuplike cavity in its face, through which the exhaust steam passes. It is situated in the steam chest, and moved by the valve gear. It is sometimes called a D valve, -- a name which is also applied to a semicylindrical pipe used as a sliding valve. In the illustration, a is the cylinder of a steam engine, in which plays the piston p; b the steam chest, receiving its supply from the pipe i, and containing the slide valve s, which is shown as admitting steam to one end of the cylinder through the port e, and opening communication between the exhaust passage f and the port c, for the release of steam from the opposite end of the cylinder.", - "slidell": null, "slider": "See Slidder. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. One who, or that which, slides; especially, a sliding part of an instrument or machine. 2. (Zoöl.) The red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa). [Local, U. S. ] Slider pump, a form of rotary pump.", "sliders": "See Slidder. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. One who, or that which, slides; especially, a sliding part of an instrument or machine. 2. (Zoöl.) The red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa). [Local, U. S. ] Slider pump, a form of rotary pump.", "slides": "1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without walking or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, snow slides down the mountain's side. 2. Especially, to move over snow or ice with a smooth, uninterrupted motion, as on a sled moving by the force of gravity, or on the feet. They bathe in summer, and in winter slide. Waller. 3. To pass inadvertently. Beware thou slide not by it. Ecclus. xxviii. 26. 4. To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward without friction or hindrance; as, a ship or boat slides through the water. Ages shall slide away without perceiving. Dryden. Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole. Pope. 5. To slip when walking or standing; to fall. Their foot shall slide in due time. Deut. xxxii. 35. 6. (Mus.) To pass from one note to another with no perceptible cassation of sound. 7. To pass out of one's thought as not being of any consequence. [Obs. or Colloq.] With good hope let he sorrow slide. Chaucer. With a calm carelessness letting everything slide. Sir P. Sidney.\n\n1. To cause to slide; to thrust along; as, to slide one piece of timber along another. 2. To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.\n\n1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice. 2. Smooth, even passage or progress. A better slide into their business. Bacon. 3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically: (a) An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of gravity, esp. one constructed on a mountain side for conveying logs by sliding them down. (b) A surface of ice or snow on which children slide for amusement. 4. That which operates by sliding. Specifically: (a) A cover which opens or closes an aperture by sliding over it. (b) (Mach.) A moving piece which is guided by a part or parts along which it slides. (c) A clasp or brooch for a belt, or the like. 5. A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture or delineation to be exhibited by means of a magic lantern, stereopticon, or the like; a plate on which is an object to be examined with a microscope. 6. The descent of a mass of earth, rock, or snow down a hill or mountain side; as, a land slide, or a snow slide; also, the track of bare rock left by a land slide. 7. (Geol.) A small dislocation in beds of rock along a line of fissure. Dana. 8. (Mus.) (a) A grace consisting of two or more small notes moving by conjoint degrees, and leading to a principal note either above or below. (b) An apparatus in the trumpet and trombone by which the sounding tube is lengthened and shortened so as to produce the tones between the fundamental and its harmonics. 9. (Phonetics) A sound which, by a gradual change in the position of the vocal organs, passes imperceptibly into another sound. 10. (Steam Engine) (a) Same as Guide bar, under Guide. (b) A slide valve. Slide box (Steam Engine), a steam chest. See under Steam. -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe. See under Lathe. -- Slide rail, a transfer table. See under Transfer. -- Slide rest (Turning lathes), a contrivance for holding, moving, and guiding, the cutting tool, made to slide on ways or guides by screws or otherwise, and having compound motion. -- Slide rule, a mathematical instrument consisting of two parts, one of which slides upon the other, for the mechanical performance of addition and subtraction, and, by means of logarithmic scales, of multiplication and division. -- Slide valve. (a) Any valve which opens and closes a passageway by sliding over a port. (b) A particular kind of sliding valve, often used in steam engines for admitting steam to the piston and releasing it, alternately, having a cuplike cavity in its face, through which the exhaust steam passes. It is situated in the steam chest, and moved by the valve gear. It is sometimes called a D valve, -- a name which is also applied to a semicylindrical pipe used as a sliding valve. In the illustration, a is the cylinder of a steam engine, in which plays the piston p; b the steam chest, receiving its supply from the pipe i, and containing the slide valve s, which is shown as admitting steam to one end of the cylinder through the port e, and opening communication between the exhaust passage f and the port c, for the release of steam from the opposite end of the cylinder.", @@ -71511,8 +63072,6 @@ "slivered": null, "slivering": null, "slivers": "To cut or divide into long, thin pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; to slit; as, to sliver wood. Shak. They 'll sliver thee like a turnip. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A long piece cut ot rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a splinter. 2. A strand, or slender roll, of cotton or other fiber in a loose, untwisted state, produced by a carding machine and ready for the roving or slubbing which preceeds spinning. 3. pl. Bait made of pieces of small fish. Cf. Kibblings. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.", - "sloan": null, - "sloane": null, "slob": null, "slobbed": null, "slobber": "See Slabber.\n\n1. See Slabber. 2. (Zoöl.) A jellyfish. [Prov. Eng.] 3. pl. (Vet.) Salivation.", @@ -71522,7 +63081,6 @@ "slobbery": "Wet; sloppy, as land. Shak.", "slobbing": null, "slobs": null, - "slocum": null, "sloe": "A small, bitter, wild European plum, the fruit of the blackthorn (Prunus spinosa); also, the tree itself.", "sloes": "A small, bitter, wild European plum, the fruit of the blackthorn (Prunus spinosa); also, the tree itself.", "slog": "To hit hard, esp. with little attention to aim or the like, as in cricket or boxing; to slug. [Cant or Slang]", @@ -71573,16 +63131,7 @@ "sloughed": null, "sloughing": "The act of casting off the skin or shell, as do insects and crustaceans; ecdysis.", "sloughs": "Slow. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire. Chaucer. He's here stuck in a slough. Milton. 2. [Pronounced sloo.] A wet place; a swale; a side channel or inlet from a river. Note: [In this sense local or provincial; also spelt sloo, and slue.] Slough grass (Bot.), a name in the Mississippi valley for grasses of the genus Muhlenbergia; -- called also drop seed, and nimble Will.\n\nimp. of Slee, to slay. Slew. Chaucer.\n\n1. The skin, commonly the cast-off skin, of a serpent or of some similar animal. 2. (Med.) The dead mass separating from a foul sore; the dead part which separates from the living tissue in mortification.\n\nTo form a slough; to separate in the form of dead matter from the living tissues; -- often used with off, or away; as, a sloughing ulcer; the dead tissues slough off slowly.\n\nTo cast off; to discard as refuse. New tint the plumage of the birds, And slough decay from grazing herds. Emerson.", - "slovak": null, - "slovakia": null, - "slovakian": null, - "slovaks": null, "sloven": "A man or boy habitually negligent of neathess and order; -- the correlative term to slattern, or slut. Pope. He became a confirmed sloven. Macaulay.", - "slovene": null, - "slovenes": null, - "slovenia": null, - "slovenian": null, - "slovenians": null, "slovenlier": null, "slovenliest": null, "slovenliness": "The quality or state of being slovenly.", @@ -71602,7 +63151,6 @@ "slowpoke": null, "slowpokes": null, "slows": "Milk sickness.", - "slr": null, "sludge": "1. Mud; mire; soft mud; slush. Mortimer. Tennyson. 2. Small floating pieces of ice, or masses of saturated snow. Kane. 3. (Mining) See Slime, 4. Sludge hole, the hand-hole, or manhole, in a steam boiler, by means of which sediment can be removed.", "sludgier": null, "sludgiest": null, @@ -71652,7 +63200,6 @@ "slur": "1. To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace. Cudworth. 2. To disparage; to traduce. Tennyson. 3. To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass over lightly or with little notice. With periods, points, and tropes, he slurs his crimes. Dryden. 4. To cheat, as by sliding a die; to trick. [R.] To slur men of what they fought for. Hudibras. 5. To pronounce indistinctly; as, to slur syllables. 6. (Mus.) To sing or perform in a smooth, gliding style; to connect smoothly in performing, as several notes or tones. Busby. 7. (Print.) To blur or double, as an impression from type; to mackle.\n\n1. A mark or stain; hence, a slight reproach or disgrace; a stigma; a reproachful intimation; an innuendo. \"Gaining to his name a lasting slur.\" South. 2. A trick played upon a person; an imposition. [R.] 3. (Mus.) A mark, thus [&upslur; or ], connecting notes that are to be sung to the same syllable, or made in one continued breath of a wind instrument, or with one stroke of a bow; a tie; a sign of legato. 4. In knitting machines, a contrivance for depressing the sinkers successively by passing over them.", "slurp": null, "slurped": null, - "slurpee": null, "slurping": null, "slurps": null, "slurred": "Marked with a slur; performed in a smooth, gliding style, like notes marked with a slur.", @@ -71673,7 +63220,6 @@ "sly": "1. Dexterous in performing an action, so as to escape notice; nimble; skillful; cautious; shrewd; knowing; -- in a good sense. Be ye sly as serpents, and simple as doves. Wyclif (Matt. x. 16). Whom graver age And long experience hath made wise and sly. Fairfax. 2. Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily. For my sly wiles and subtle craftiness, The litle of the kingdom I possess. Spenser. 3. Done with, and marked by, artful and dexterous secrecy; subtle; as, a sly trick. Envy works in a sly and imperceptible manner. I. Watts. 4. Light or delicate; slight; thin. [Obs.] By the sly, or On the sly, in a sly or secret manner. [Colloq.] \"Gazed on Hetty's charms by the sly.\" G. Eliot. -- Sly goose (Zoöl.), the common sheldrake; -- so named from its craftiness. Syn. -- Cunning; crafty; subtile; wily. See Cunning.\n\nSlyly. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.", "slyly": "In a sly manner; shrewdly; craftily. Honestly and slyly he it spent. Chaucer.", "slyness": "The quality or state of being sly.", - "sm": null, "smack": "A small sailing vessel, commonly rigged as a sloop, used chiefly in the coasting and fishing trade.\n\n1. Taste or flavor, esp. a slight taste or flavor; savor; tincture; as, a smack of bitter in the medicine. Also used figuratively. So quickly they have taken a smack in covetousness. Robynson (More's Utopia). They felt the smack of this world. Latimer. 2. A small quantity; a taste. Dryden. 3. A loud kiss; a buss. \"A clamorous smack.\" Shak. 4. A quick, sharp noise, as of the lips when suddenly separated, or of a whip. 5. A quick, smart blow; a slap. Johnson.\n\nAs if with a smack or slap. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To have a smack; to be tinctured with any particular taste. 2. To have or exhibit indications of the presence of any character or quality. All sects, all ages, smack of this vice. Shak. 3. To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a sound when they separate; to kiss with a sharp noise; to buss. 4. To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting anything.\n\n1. To kiss with a sharp noise; to buss. 2. To open, as the lips, with an inarticulate sound made by a quick compression and separation of the parts of the mouth; to make a noise with, as the lips, by separating them in the act of kissing or after tasting. Drinking off the cup, and smacking his lips with an air of ineffable relish. Sir W. Scott. 3. To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack; as, to smack a whip. \"She smacks the silken thong.\" Young.", "smacked": null, "smacker": null, @@ -71744,7 +63290,6 @@ "smelters": "One who, or that which, smelts.", "smelting": "a. & n. from Smelt. Smelting furnace (Metal.), a furnace in which ores are smelted or reduced.", "smelts": "of Smell.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small silvery salmonoid fishes of the genus Osmerus and allied genera, which ascend rivers to spawn, and sometimes become landlocked in lakes. They are esteemed as food, and have a peculiar odor and taste. Note: The most important species are the European smelt (Osmerus eperlans) (called also eperlan, sparling, and spirling), the Eastern American smelt (O. mordax), the California smelt (O. thalichthys), and the surf smelt (Hypomesus olidus). The name is loosely applied to various other small fishes, as the lant, the California tomcod, the spawn eater, the silverside. 2. Fig.: A gull; a simpleton. [Obs.] eau & Fl. Sand smelt (Zoöl.), the silverside.\n\nTo melt or fuse, as, ore, for the purpose of separating and refining the metal; hence, to reduce; to refine; to flux or scorify; as, to smelt tin.", - "smetana": null, "smidgen": null, "smidgens": null, "smilax": "(a) A genus of perennial climbing plants, usually with a prickly woody stem; green brier, or cat brier. The rootstocks of certain species are the source of the medicine called sarsaparilla. (b) A delicate trailing plant (Myrsiphyllum asparagoides) much used for decoration. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope.", @@ -71763,15 +63308,12 @@ "smirked": null, "smirking": null, "smirks": "To smile in an affected or conceited manner; to smile with affected complaisance; to simper.\n\nA forced or affected smile; a simper. The bride, all smirk and blush, had just entered. Sir W. Scott.\n\nNice,; smart; spruce; affected; simpering. \"So smirk, so smooth.\" Spenser.", - "smirnoff": null, "smite": "1. To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with any instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown by the hand; as, to smite with the fist, with a rod, sword, spear, or stone. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39. And David . . . took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead. 1 Sam. xvii. 49. 2. To cause to strike; to use as an instrument in striking or hurling. Profpesy, and smite thine hands together. Ezek. xxi. 14. Saul . . . smote the javelin into the wall. 1 Sam. xix. 10. 3. To destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons of any kind; to slay by a blow; to kill; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow or other instrument. 4. To put to rout in battle; to overthrow by war. 5. To blast; to destroy the life or vigor of, as by a stroke or by some visitation. The flax and the barely was smitten. Ex. ix. 31. 6. To afflict; to chasten; to punish. Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him. Wake. 7. To strike or affect with passion, as love or fear. The charms that smite the simple heart. Pope. Smith with the love of sister arts we came. Pope. To smite off, to cut off. -- To smite out, to knock out, as a tooth. Exod,xxi.27. -- To smite with the tongue, to reproach or upbarid; to revile. [Obs.] Jer. xviii. 18.\n\nTo strike; to collide; to beat. [Archaic] The heart meleth, and the knees smite together. Nah. ii. 10.\n\nThe act of smiting; a blow.", "smites": "1. To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with any instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown by the hand; as, to smite with the fist, with a rod, sword, spear, or stone. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39. And David . . . took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead. 1 Sam. xvii. 49. 2. To cause to strike; to use as an instrument in striking or hurling. Profpesy, and smite thine hands together. Ezek. xxi. 14. Saul . . . smote the javelin into the wall. 1 Sam. xix. 10. 3. To destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons of any kind; to slay by a blow; to kill; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow or other instrument. 4. To put to rout in battle; to overthrow by war. 5. To blast; to destroy the life or vigor of, as by a stroke or by some visitation. The flax and the barely was smitten. Ex. ix. 31. 6. To afflict; to chasten; to punish. Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him. Wake. 7. To strike or affect with passion, as love or fear. The charms that smite the simple heart. Pope. Smith with the love of sister arts we came. Pope. To smite off, to cut off. -- To smite out, to knock out, as a tooth. Exod,xxi.27. -- To smite with the tongue, to reproach or upbarid; to revile. [Obs.] Jer. xviii. 18.\n\nTo strike; to collide; to beat. [Archaic] The heart meleth, and the knees smite together. Nah. ii. 10.\n\nThe act of smiting; a blow.", "smith": "1. One who forgess with the hammer; one who works in metals; as, a blacksmith, goldsmith, silversmith, and the like. Piers Plowman. Nor yet the smith hath learned to form a sword. Tate. 2. One who makes or effects anything. [R.] Dryden.\n\nTo beat into shape; to fprge. [Obs.] Chaucer. What smith that any [weapon] smitheth. Piers Plowman.", "smithereens": "Fragments; atoms; smithers. [Colloq.] W. Black.", "smithies": null, "smiths": "1. One who forgess with the hammer; one who works in metals; as, a blacksmith, goldsmith, silversmith, and the like. Piers Plowman. Nor yet the smith hath learned to form a sword. Tate. 2. One who makes or effects anything. [R.] Dryden.\n\nTo beat into shape; to fprge. [Obs.] Chaucer. What smith that any [weapon] smitheth. Piers Plowman.", - "smithson": null, - "smithsonian": "Of or pertaining to the Englishman J.L.M. Smithson, or to the national institution of learning which he endowed at Washington, D.C.; as, the Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Reports. -- n. The Smithsonian Institution.", "smithy": "The workshop of a smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a stithy. [Written also smiddy.] Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy stands. Lonfellow.", "smiting": null, "smitten": "p. p. of Smite.", @@ -71806,8 +63348,6 @@ "smoldered": null, "smoldering": "Being in a state of suppressed activity; quiet but not dead. Some evil chance Will make the smoldering scandal break and blaze. Tennyson.", "smolders": "1. To burn and smoke without flame; to waste away by a slow and supressed combustion. The smoldering dust did round about him smoke. Spenser. 2. To exist in a state of suppressed or smothered activity; to burn inwardly; as, a smoldering feud.\n\nTo smother; to suffocate; to choke. [Obs.] Holinshed. Palsgrave.\n\nSmoke; smother. [Obs.] The smolder stops our nose with stench. Gascoigne.", - "smolensk": null, - "smollett": null, "smooch": "See Smutch.", "smooched": null, "smooches": null, @@ -71856,8 +63396,6 @@ "smuttiest": null, "smuttiness": null, "smutty": "1. Soiled with smut; smutted. 2. Tainted with mildew; as, smutty corn. 3. Obscene; not modest or pure; as, a smutty saying. The smutty joke, ridiculously lewd. Smollett. -- Smut\"ti*ly, adv. -- Smut\"ti*ness, n.", - "smyrna": null, - "sn": null, "snack": "1. A share; a part or portion; -- obsolete, except in the colloquial phrase, to go snacks, i. e., to share. At last he whispers, \"Do, and we go snacks.\" Pope. 2. A slight, hasty repast. [Colloq.]", "snacked": null, "snacking": null, @@ -71901,7 +63439,6 @@ "snappish": "1. Apt to snap at persons or things; eager to bite; as, a snapping cur. 2. Sharp in reply; apt to speak angrily or testily; easily provoked; tart; peevish. The taunting address of a snappish missanthrope. Jeffrey. -- Snap\"pish*ly, adv. -- Snap\"pish*ness, n.", "snappishly": null, "snappishness": null, - "snapple": null, "snappy": "Snappish. [Colloq.]", "snaps": "1. To break at once; to break short, as substances that are brittle. Breaks the doors open, snaps the locks. Prior. 2. To strike, to hit, or to shut, with a sharp sound. 3. To bite or seize suddenly, especially with the teeth. He, by playing too often at the mouth of death, has been snapped by it at last. South. 4. To break upon suddenly with sharp, angry words; to treat snappishly; -- usually with up. Granville. 5. To crack; to cause to make a sharp, cracking noise; as, to snap a whip. MacMorian snapped his fingers repeatedly. Sir W. Scott. 6. To project with a snap. To snap back (Football), to roll the ball back with the foot; -- done only by the center rush, who thus delivers the ball to the quarter back on his own side when both sides are ranged in line. -- To snap off. (a) To break suddenly. (b) To bite off suddenly.\n\n1. To break short, or at once; to part asunder suddenly; as, a mast snaps; a needle snaps. But this weapon will snap short, unfaithful to the hand that employs it. Burke. 2. To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking noise; to crack; as, blazing firewood snaps. 3. To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with the teeth; to catch eagerly (at anything); -- often with at; as, a dog snapsat a passenger; a fish snaps at the bait. 4. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words; -- often with at; as, to snap at a child. 5. To miss fire; as, the gun snapped.\n\n1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any substance. 2. A sudden, eager bite; a sudden seizing, or effort to seize, as with the teeth. 3. A sudden, sharp motion or blow, as with the finger sprung from the thumb, or the thumb from the finger. 4. A sharp, abrupt sound, as that made by the crack of a whip; as, the snap of the trigger of a gun. 5. A greedy fellow. L'Estrange. 6. That which is, or may be, snapped up; something bitten off, seized, or obtained by a single quick movement; hence, a bite, morsel, or fragment; a scrap. He's a nimble fellow, And alike skilled in every liberal science, As having certain snaps of all. B. Jonson. 7. A sudden severe interval or spell; -- applied to the weather; as, a cold snap. Lowell. 8. A small catch or fastening held or closed by means of a spring, or one which closes with a snapping sound, as the catch of a bracelet, necklace, clasp of a book, etc. 9. (Zoöl.) A snap beetle. 10. A thin, crisp cake, usually small, and flavored with ginger; -- used chiefly in the plural. 11. Briskness; vigor; energy; decision. [Colloq.] 12. Any circumstance out of which money may be made or an advantage gained. [Slang] Snap back (Football), the act of snapping back the ball. -- Snap beetle, or Snap bug (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family Elateridæ, which, when laid on its back, is able to leap to a considerable height by means of a thoracic spring; -- called also snapping beetle. -- Snap flask (Molding), a flask for small work, having its sides separable and held together by latches, so that the flask may be removed from around the sand mold. -- Snap judgment, a judgment formed on the instant without deliberation. -- Snap lock, a lock shutting with a catch or snap. -- Snap riveting, riveting in which the rivets have snapheads formed by a die or swaging tool. -- Snap shot, a quick offhand shot, without deliberately taking aim.", "snapshot": "1. Commonly Snap shot. (a) A quick offhand shot, made without deliberately taking aim over the sights. (b) (Photog.) Act of taking a snapshot (in sense 2). 2. An instantaneous photograph made, usually with a hand camera, without formal posing of, and often without the foreknowledge of, the subject.", @@ -71937,7 +63474,6 @@ "snazziest": null, "snazzily": null, "snazzy": null, - "snead": "1. A snath. 2. A line or cord; a string. [Prov. Eng.]", "sneak": "1. To creep or steal (away or about) privately; to come or go meanly, as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen; as, to sneak away from company. imp. & p. p. \"snuck\" is more common now, but not even mentioned here. In MW10, simply \"sneaked or snuck\" You skulked behind the fence, and sneaked away. Dryden. 2. To act in a stealthy and cowardly manner; to behave with meanness and servility; to crouch.\n\nTo hide, esp. in a mean or cowardly manner. [Obs.] \"[Slander] sneaks its head.\" Wake.\n\n1. A mean, sneaking fellow. A set of simpletons and superstitious sneaks. Glanvill. 2. (Cricket) A ball bowled so as to roll along the ground; -- called also grub. [Cant] R. A. Proctor.", "sneaked": null, "sneaker": "1. One who sneaks. Lamb. 2. A vessel of drink. [Prov. Eng.] A sneaker of five gallons. Spectator.", @@ -71960,7 +63496,6 @@ "sneezed": null, "sneezes": "To emit air, chiefly through the nose, audibly and violently, by a kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation of the inner membrane of the nose. Not to be sneezed at, not to be despised or contemned; not to be treated lightly. [Colloq.] \"He had to do with old women who were not to be sneezed at.\" Prof. Wilson.\n\nA sudden and violent ejection of air with an audible sound, chiefly through the nose.", "sneezing": "The act of violently forcing air out through the nasal passages while the cavity of the mouth is shut off from the pharynx by the approximation of the soft palate and the base of the tongue.", - "snell": "Active; brisk; nimble; quick; sharp. [Archaic or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] That horny-handed, snell, peremptory little man. Dr. J. Brown.\n\nA short line of horsehair, gut, etc., by which a fishhook is attached to a longer line.", "snick": "1. A small cut or mark. 2. (Cricket) A slight hit or tip of the ball, often unintentional. 3. (Fiber) A knot or irregularity in yarn. Knight. 4. (Furriery) A snip or cut, as in the hair of a beast. Snick and snee Etym: [cf. D. snee, snede, a cut], a combat with knives. [Obs.] Wiseman.\n\n1. To cut slightly; to strike, or strike off, as by cutting. H. Kingsley. 2. (Cricket) To hit (a ball) lightly. R. A. Proctor.\n\nSee Sneck. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Snick up, shut up; silenced. See Sneck up, under Sneck. Give him money, George, and let him go snick up. Beau & Fl.", "snicked": null, "snicker": "1. To laugh slyly; to laugh in one's sleeve. 2. To laugh with audible catches of voice, as when persons attempt to suppress loud laughter.\n\nA half suppressed, broken laugh. [Written also snigger.]", @@ -72088,7 +63623,6 @@ "snowballs": "1. A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or anything resembling such a mass. 2. (Bot.) The Guelder-rose. Snowball tree (Bot.), the Guelder-rose.\n\nTo pelt with snowballs; to throw snowballs at.\n\nTo throw snowballs.", "snowbank": null, "snowbanks": null, - "snowbelt": null, "snowbird": "(a) An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes, nivalis) common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. Called also snow bunting, snowflake, snowfleck, and snowflight. (b) Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter time, especially J. hyemalis in the Eastern United States; -- called also blue snowbird. See Junco. (c) The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]", "snowbirds": "(a) An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes, nivalis) common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. Called also snow bunting, snowflake, snowfleck, and snowflight. (b) Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter time, especially J. hyemalis in the Eastern United States; -- called also blue snowbird. See Junco. (c) The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]", "snowblower": null, @@ -72140,6 +63674,7 @@ "snubbed": null, "snubbing": null, "snubs": "To sob with convulsions. [Obs.] Bailey.\n\n1. To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the growth of; to nop. 2. To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic reply or remark; to reprimand; to check. J. Foster. 3. To treat with contempt or neglect, as a forward or pretentious person; to slight designedly. To snub a cable or rope (Naut.), to check it suddenly in running out. Totten.\n\n1. A knot; a protuberance; a song. [Obs.] [A club] with ragged snubs and knotty grain. Spenser. 2. A check or rebuke; an intended slight. J. Foster. Snub nose, a short or flat nose. -- Snub post, or Snubbing post (Naut.), a post on a dock or shore, around which a rope is thrown to check the motion of a vessel.", + "snuck": null, "snuff": "The part of a candle wick charred by the flame, whether burning or not. If the burning snuff happens to get out of the snuffers, you have a chance that it may fall into a dish of soup. Swift.\n\nTo crop the snuff of, as a candle; to take off the end of the snuff of. To snuff out, to extinguish by snuffing.\n\n1. To draw in, or to inhale, forcibly through the nose; to sniff. He snuffs the wind, his heels the sand excite. Dryden. 2. To perceive by the nose; to scent; to smell.\n\n1. To inhale air through the nose with violence or with noise, as do dogs and horses. Dryden. 2. To turn up the nose and inhale air, as an expression of contempt; hence, to take offense. Do the enemies of the church rage and snuff Bp. Hall.\n\n1. The act of snuffing; perception by snuffing; a sniff. 2. Pulverized tobacco, etc., prepared to be taken into the nose; also, the amount taken at once. 3. Resentment, displeasure, or contempt, expressed by a snuffing of the nose. [Obs.] Snuff dipping. See Dipping, n., 5. -- Snuff taker, one who uses snuff by inhaling it through the nose. -- To take it in snuff, to be angry or offended. Shak. -- Up to snuff, not likely to be imposed upon; knowing; acute. [Slang]", "snuffbox": "A small box for carrying snuff about the person.", "snuffboxes": null, @@ -72165,7 +63700,6 @@ "snugly": "In a snug manner; closely; safely.", "snugness": "The quality or state of being snug.", "snugs": "1. Close and warm; as, an infant lies snug. 2. Close; concealed; not exposed to notice. Lie snug, and hear what critics say. Swift. 3. Compact, convenient, and comfortable; as, a snug farm, house, or property.\n\nSame as Lug, n., 3.\n\nTo lie close; to snuggle; to snudge; -- often with up, or together; as, a child snugs up to its mother.\n\n1. To place snugly. [R.] Goldsmith. 2. To rub, as twine or rope, so as to make it smooth and improve the finish.", - "snyder": null, "so": "1. In that manner or degree; as, indicated (in any way), or as implied, or as supposed to be known. Why is his chariot so long in coming Judges v. 28. 2. In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus; for like reason; whith equal reason; -- used correlatively, following as, to denote comparison or resemblance; sometimes, also, following inasmuch as. As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in. Swift. 3. In such manner; to such degree; -- used correlatively with as or that following; as, he was so fortunate as to escape. I viewed in may mind, so far as I was able, the beginning and progress of a rising world. T. Burnet. He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, so that he lives in the family rather as a relation than dependent. Addison. 4. Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a degree as can not well be expressed; as, he is so good; he planned so wisely. 5. In the same manner; as has been stated or suggested; in this or that condition or state; under these circumstances; in this way; -- with reflex reference to something just asserted or implied; used also with the verb to be, as a predicate. Use him [your tutor] with great respect yourself, and cause all your family to do so too. Locke. It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire into those matters, whether they be so or not. Tillotson. He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou. Shak. 6. The case being such; therefore; on this account; for this reason; on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a conjuction. God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and so capable of dominion. Locke. Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness; So may the guilt of all my broken vows, My perjuries to thee, be all forgotten. Rowe. 7. It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come to pass; -- used to express assent. And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over, And if it please you, so; if not, why, so. Shak. There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself. Shak. 8. Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an expletive; as, so the work is done, is it 9. Is it thus do you mean what you say -- with an upward tone; as, do you say he refuses So [Colloq.] 10. About the number, time, or quantity specified; thereabouts; more or less; as, I will spend a week or so in the country; I have read only a page or so. A week or so will probably reconcile us. Gay. Note: See the Note under Ill, adv. So . . . as. So is now commonly used as a demonstrative correlative of as when it is the puprpose to emphasize the equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By Shakespeare and others so . . . as was much used where as . . . as is now common. See the Note under As, 1. So do, as thou hast said. Gen. xviii. 5. As a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. Ps. ciii. 15. Had woman been so strong as men. Shak. No country suffered so much as England. Macaulay. -- So far, to that point or extent; in that particular. \"The song was moral, and so far was right.\" Cowper. -- So far forth, as far; to such a degree. Shak. Bacon. -- So forth, further in the same or similar manner; more of the same or a similar kind. See And so forth, under And. -- So, so, well, well. \"So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast.\" Dryden. Also, moderately or tolerably well; passably; as, he succeeded but so so. \"His leg is but so so.\" Shak. -- So that, to the end that; in order that; with the effect or result that. -- So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.\n\nProvided that; on condition that; in case that; if. Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon the earth, so truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Milton.\n\nBe as you are; stand still; stop; that will do; right as you are; -- a word used esp. to cows; also used by sailors.", "soak": "1. To cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other liquid; to steep, as for the purpose of softening or freshening; as, to soak cloth; to soak bread; to soak salt meat, salt fish, or the like. 2. To drench; to wet thoroughly. Their land shall be soaked with blood. Isa. xxiv. 7. 3. To draw in by the pores, or through small passages; as, a sponge soaks up water; the skin soaks in moisture. 4. To make (its way) by entering pores or interstices; -- often with through. The rivulet beneath soaked its way obscurely through wreaths of snow. Sir W. Scott. 5. Fig.: To absorb; to drain. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.\n\n1. To lie steeping in water or other liquid; to become sturated; as, let the cloth lie and soak. 2. To enter (into something) by pores or interstices; as, water soaks into the earth or other porous matter. 3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously. [Slang]", "soaked": null, @@ -72188,7 +63722,6 @@ "soared": null, "soaring": "from Soar. -- Soar\"ing*ly, adv.", "soars": "1. To fly aloft, as a bird; to mount upward on wings, or as on wings. Chaucer. When soars Gaul's vulture with his wings unfurled. Byron. 2. Fig.: To rise in thought, spirits, or imagination; to be exalted in mood. Where the deep transported mind may soar. Milton. Valor soars above What the world calls misfortune. Addison.\n\nThe act of soaring; upward flight. This apparent soar of the hooded falcon. Coleridge.\n\nSee 3d Sore. [Obs.]\n\nSee Sore, reddish brown. Soar falcon. (Zoöl.) See Sore falcon, under Sore.", - "soave": "Sweet.", "sob": "To soak. [Obs.] Mortimer.\n\nTo sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive drawing in of the breath. Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger. Bacon. She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She rent her garments, and she tore her hair. Dryden.\n\n1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the breath, as in sorrow. Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath. Dryden. 2. Any sorrowful cry or sound. The tremulous sob of the complaining owl. Wordsworth.", "sobbed": null, "sobbing": "A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.", @@ -72206,7 +63739,6 @@ "sobriquets": "An assumed name; a fanciful epithet or appellation; a nickname. [Sometimes less correctly written soubriquet.]", "sobs": "To soak. [Obs.] Mortimer.\n\nTo sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive drawing in of the breath. Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger. Bacon. She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She rent her garments, and she tore her hair. Dryden.\n\n1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the breath, as in sorrow. Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath. Dryden. 2. Any sorrowful cry or sound. The tremulous sob of the complaining owl. Wordsworth.", "soc": "1. (O. Eng. Law) (a) The lord's power or privilege of holding a court in a district, as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. (b) Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens. 2. An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by millers of grrinding all the corn used within the manor or township which the mill stands. [Eng.] Soc and sac (O. Eng. Law), the full right of administering justice in a manor or lordship.", - "socastee": null, "soccer": null, "sociability": "The quality of being sociable; sociableness.", "sociable": "1. Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one body or company; associable. [R.] They are sociable parts united into one body. Hooker. 2. Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to unite with others; fond of companions; social. Society is no comfort to one not sociable. Shak. What can be uneasy to this sociable creature than the dry, pensive retirements of solitude South. 3. Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others; not taciturn or reserved. 4. Affording opportunites for conversation; characterized by much conversation; as, a sociable party. 5. No longer hostile; friendly. [Obs.] Beau & Fl. Sociable bird, or Sociable weaver (Zoöl.), a weaver bird which builds composite nests. See Republican, n., 3. (b). Syn. -- Social; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; accessible.\n\n1. A gathering of people for social purposes; an informal party or reception; as, a church sociable. [Colloq. U. S.] 2. A carriage having two double seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Miss Edgeworth.", @@ -72247,9 +63779,6 @@ "sockeyes": null, "socking": null, "socks": "A plowshare. Edin. Encyc.\n\n1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, -- used as a sumbol of comedy, of the comic drams, as distinguished from tragedy, which is symbolized by the buskin. Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden. 2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a stocking with a short leg. 3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. Simmonds.", - "socorro": null, - "socrates": null, - "socratic": "Of or pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher. (b. c. 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and philosophizing. Note: The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by a series of questions leading the one to whom they were addressed to perceive and admit what was true or false in doctrine, or right or wrong in conduct.", "sod": "The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nimp. of Seethe.\n\nThat stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward. She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. Collins.\n\nTo cover with sod; to turf.", "soda": "(a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide. (b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. -- Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.] -- Sal soda. See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Soda alum (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda. -- Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other plants, as saltwort (Salsola). See under Sodium. -- Soda fountain, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with delivery tube, faucets, etc. -- Soda lye, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of sodium hydroxide, used in soap making. -- Soda niter. See Nitratine. -- Soda salts, salts having sodium for the base; specifically, sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts. -- Soda waste, the waste material, consisting chiefly of calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; -- called also alkali waste. -- Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are usually added to give flavor. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Washing soda, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]", "sodas": "(a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide. (b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. -- Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.] -- Sal soda. See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Soda alum (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda. -- Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other plants, as saltwort (Salsola). See under Sodium. -- Soda fountain, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with delivery tube, faucets, etc. -- Soda lye, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of sodium hydroxide, used in soap making. -- Soda niter. See Nitratine. -- Soda salts, salts having sodium for the base; specifically, sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts. -- Soda waste, the waste material, consisting chiefly of calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; -- called also alkali waste. -- Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are usually added to give flavor. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Washing soda, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]", @@ -72257,9 +63786,7 @@ "sodden": "Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated; as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.\n\nTo be seethed; to become sodden.\n\nTo soak; to make heavy with water.", "soddenly": null, "sodding": null, - "soddy": "Consisting of sod; covered with sod; turfy. Cotgrave.", "sodium": "A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity 0.97. Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise. -- Sodium bicarbonate, a white crystalline substance, HNaCO3, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and also produced artificially,. It is used in cookery, in baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide) for soda water. Called also cooking soda, saleratus, and technically, acid sodium carbonate, primary sodium carbonate, sodium dicarbonate, etc. -- Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance, Na2CO3.10H2O, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in large quantities from common salt. It is used in making soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many chemical industries. Called also sal soda, washing soda, or soda. Cf. Sodium bicarbonate, above and Trona. Sodium chloride, common, or table, salt, NaCl. -- Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH, having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc. Called also sodium hydrate, and caustic soda. By extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.", - "sodom": null, "sodomite": "1. An inhabitant of Sodom. 2. One guilty of sodomy.", "sodomites": "1. An inhabitant of Sodom. 2. One guilty of sodomy.", "sodomize": null, @@ -72271,7 +63798,6 @@ "soever": "A word compounded of so and ever, used in composition with who, what, where, when, how, etc., and indicating any out of all possible or supposable persons, things, places, times, ways, etc. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun or adverb. For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required. Luke xii. 48. What great thing soever a man proposed to do in his life, he should think of achieving it by fifty. Sir W. Temple.", "sofa": "A long seat, usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends; - - much used as a comfortable piece of furniture. Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round. Cowper. Sofa bed, a sofa so contrived that it may be extended to form a bed; -- called also sofa bedstead.", "sofas": "A long seat, usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends; - - much used as a comfortable piece of furniture. Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round. Cowper. Sofa bed, a sofa so contrived that it may be extended to form a bed; -- called also sofa bedstead.", - "sofia": null, "soft": "1. Easily yielding to pressure; easily impressed, molded, or cut; not firm in resisting; impressible; yielding; also, malleable; -- opposed to Ant: hard; as, a soft bed; a soft peach; soft earth; soft wood or metal. 2. Not rough, rugged, or harsh to the touch; smooth; delicate; fine; as, soft silk; a soft skin. They that wear soft clothing are in king's houses. Matt. xi. 8. 3. Hence, agreeable to feel, taste, or inhale; not irritating to the tissues; as, a soft liniment; soft wines. \"The soft, delicious air.\" Milton. 4. Not harsh or offensive to the sight; not glaring; pleasing to the eye; not exciting by intensity of color or violent contrast; as, soft hues or tints. The sun, shining upon the upper part of the clouds . . . made the softest lights imaginable. Sir T. Browne. 5. Not harsh or rough in sound; gentle and pleasing to the ear; flowing; as, soft whispers of music. Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low, -- an excellent thing in woman. Shak. Soft were my numbers; who could take offense Pope. 6. Easily yielding; susceptible to influence; flexible; gentle; kind. I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's; Or Edward's soft and pitiful, like mine. Shak. The meek or soft shall inherit the earth. Tyndale. 7. Expressing gentleness, tenderness, or the like; mild; conciliatory; courteous; kind; as, soft eyes. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. A face with gladness overspread, Soft smiles, by human kindness bred. Wordsworth. 8. Effeminate; not courageous or manly, weak. A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution of the spirit of a man, and makes it loose, soft, and wandering. Jer. Taylor. 9. Gentle in action or motion; easy. On her soft axle, white she paces even, And bears thee soft with the smooth air along. Milton. 10. Weak in character; impressible. The deceiver soon found this soft place of Adam's. Glanvill. 11. Somewhat weak in intellect. [Colloq.] He made soft fellows stark noddies, and such as were foolish quite mad. Burton. 12. Quiet; undisturbed; paceful; as, soft slumbers. 13. Having, or consisting of, a gentle curve or curves; not angular or abrupt; as, soft outlines. 14. Not tinged with mineral salts; adapted to decompose soap; as, soft water is the best for washing. 15. (Phonetics) (a) Applied to a palatal, a sibilant, or a dental consonant (as g in gem, c in cent, etc.) as distinguished from a guttural mute (as g in go, c in cone, etc.); -- opposed to hard. (b) Belonging to the class of sonant elements as distinguished from the surd, and considered as involving less force in utterance; as, b, d, g, z, v, etc., in contrast with p, t, k, s, f, etc. Soft clam (Zoöl.), the common or long clam (Mya arenaria). See Mya. -- Soft coal, bituminous coal, as distinguished from anthracite, or hard, coal. -- Soft crab (Zoöl.), any crab which has recently shed its shell. -- Soft dorsal (Zoöl.), the posterior part of the dorsal fin of fishes when supported by soft rays. -- Soft grass. (Bot.) See Velvet grass. -- Soft money, paper money, as distinguished from coin, or hard money. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Soft mute. (Phonetics) See Media. -- Soft palate. See the Note under Palate. -- Soft ray (Zoöl.), a fin ray which is articulated and usually branched. -- Soft soap. See under Soap. -- Soft-tack, leavened bread, as distinguished from hard-tack, or ship bread. -- Soft tortoise (Zoöl.), any river tortoise of the genus Trionyx. See Trionyx.\n\nA soft or foolish person; an idiot. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.\n\nSoftly; without roughness or harshness; gently; quietly. Chaucer. A knight soft riding toward them. Spenser.\n\nBe quiet; hold; stop; not so fast. Soft, you; a word or two before you go. Shak.", "softback": null, "softball": null, @@ -72299,7 +63825,6 @@ "soggily": null, "sogginess": "The quality or state of being soggy; soddenness; wetness.", "soggy": "Filled with water; soft with moisture; sodden; soaked; wet; as, soggy land or timber.", - "soho": "Ho; -- a word used in calling from a distant place; a sportsman's halloo. Shak.", "soigne": null, "soignee": null, "soil": "To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an inclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (such food having the effect of purging them), to purge by feeding on green food; as, to soil a horse.\n\n1. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound substance which furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is particularly adapted to support and nourish them. 2. Land; country. Must I thus leave thee, Paradise thus leave Thee, native soil Milton. 3. Dung; fæces; compost; manure; as, night soil. Improve land by dung and other sort of soils. Mortimer. Soil pipe, a pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.\n\nTo enrich with soil or muck; to manure. Men . . . soil their ground, not that they love the dirt, but that they expect a crop. South.\n\nA marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer. As deer, being stuck, fly through many soils, Yet still the shaft sticks fast. Marston. To take soil, to run into the mire or water; hence, to take refuge or shelter. O, sir, have you taken soil here It is well a man may reach you after three hours' running. B. Jonson.\n\n1. To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to dirty; to defile; as, to soil a garment with dust. Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained. Milton. 2. To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to sully. Shak. Syn. -- To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter; besmear; daub; bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile; pollute.\n\nTo become soiled; as, light colors soil sooner than dark ones.\n\nThat which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain. A lady's honor . . . will not bear a soil. Dryden.", @@ -72396,7 +63921,6 @@ "soling": null, "solipsism": "1. (Ethics) Egotism. Krauth-Fleming. 2. (Metaph.) Egoism. Krauth-Fleming.", "solipsistic": null, - "solis": "pl. of Solo.", "solitaire": "1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit. Pope. 2. A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes, a precious stone of any kind set alone. Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists. Mrs. R. H. Davis. 3. A game which one person can play alone; -- applied to many games of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the pieces by \"jumping,\" as in draughts. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) A large extinct bird (Pezophaps solitaria) which formerly inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger and taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for flight. Called also solitary. (b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus Myadestes. They are noted their sweet songs and retiring habits. Called also fly-catching thrush. A West Indian species (Myadestes sibilans) is called the invisible bird.", "solitaires": "1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit. Pope. 2. A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes, a precious stone of any kind set alone. Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists. Mrs. R. H. Davis. 3. A game which one person can play alone; -- applied to many games of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the pieces by \"jumping,\" as in draughts. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) A large extinct bird (Pezophaps solitaria) which formerly inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger and taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for flight. Called also solitary. (b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus Myadestes. They are noted their sweet songs and retiring habits. Called also fly-catching thrush. A West Indian species (Myadestes sibilans) is called the invisible bird.", "solitaries": null, @@ -72408,8 +63932,6 @@ "soloing": null, "soloist": "One who sings or plays a solo.", "soloists": "One who sings or plays a solo.", - "solomon": "One of the kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and magnificent reign; hence, a very wise man. -- Sol`o*mon\"ic, a. Solomon's seal (Bot.), a perennial liliaceous plant of the genus Polygonatum, having simple erect or curving stems rising from thick and knotted rootstocks, and with white or greenish nodding flowers. The commonest European species is Polygonatum multiflorum. P. biflorum and P. giganteum are common in the Eastern United States. See Illust. of Rootstock. False Solomon's seal (Bot.), any plant of the liliaceous genus Smilacina having small whitish flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. SOLOMON'S SEAL Sol\"o*mon's seal. A mystic symbol consisting of two interlaced triangles forming a star with six points, often with one triangle dark and one light, symbolic of the union of soul and body.", - "solon": "A celebrated Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 b. c.; hence, a legislator; a publicist; -- often used ironically.", "solos": "A tune, air, strain, or a whole piece, played by a single person on an instrument, or sung by a single voice.", "sols": "1. The sun. 2. (Alchem.) Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color, and value. Chaucer.\n\n(a) A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic scale. (b) The tone itself.\n\n1. A sou. 2. A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of value, and is worth about 68 cents.", "solstice": "1. A stopping or standing still of the sun. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. (Astron.) (a) The point in the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the equator, north or south, namely, the first point of the sign Cancer and the first point of the sign Capricorn, the former being the summer solstice, latter the winter solstice, in northern latitudes; - - so called because the sun then apparently stands still in its northward or southward motion. (b) The time of the sun's passing the solstices, or solstitial points, namely, about June 21 and December 21. See Illust. in Appendix.", @@ -72431,12 +63953,6 @@ "solvers": "One who, or that which, solves.", "solves": "To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up out to a result or conclusion; as, to solve a doubt; to solve difficulties; to solve a problem. True piety would effectually solve such scruples. South. God shall solve the dark decrees of fate. Tickell. Syn. -- To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.\n\nA solution; an explanation. [Obs.] Shak.", "solving": null, - "solzhenitsyn": null, - "somali": "A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.", - "somalia": null, - "somalian": null, - "somalians": null, - "somalis": "A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.", "somatic": "1. Of or pertaining to the body as a whole; corporeal; as, somatic death; somatic changes. 2. Of or pertaining to the wall of the body; somatopleuric; parietal; as, the somatic stalk of the yolk sac of an embryo. Somatic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.", "somatosensory": null, "somber": "1. Dull; dusky; somewhat dark; gloomy; as, a somber forest; a somber house. 2. Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; as, a somber person; somber reflections. The dinner was silent and somber; happily it was also short. Beaconsfield.\n\nTo make somber, or dark; to make shady. [R.]\n\nGloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness. [Obs.]", @@ -72469,13 +63985,11 @@ "somewhat": "1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or less; something. These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste. Grew. Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost. Dryden. 2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody. Here come those that worship me. They think that I am somewhat. Tennyson.\n\nIn some degree or measure; a little. His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen. Milton. Somewhat back from the village street. Longfellow.", "somewhats": "1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or less; something. These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste. Grew. Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost. Dryden. 2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody. Here come those that worship me. They think that I am somewhat. Tennyson.\n\nIn some degree or measure; a little. His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen. Milton. Somewhat back from the village street. Longfellow.", "somewhere": "In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or another. \"Somewhere nigh at hand.\" Milton.", - "somme": null, "somnambulism": "A condition of the nervous system in which an individual during sleep performs actions approppriate to the waking state; a state of sleep in which some of the senses and voluntary powers are partially awake; noctambulism.", "somnambulist": "A person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.", "somnambulists": "A person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.", "somnolence": "Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.", "somnolent": "Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep. -- Som\"no*lent*ly, adv. He had no eye for such phenomens, because he had a somnolent want of interest in them. De Quincey.", - "somoza": null, "son": "1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or mother. Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son. Gen. xxi. 2. 2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural, descendants in general. I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings. Isa. xix. 11. I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Mal. iii. 6. 3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted male child; a pupil, ward, or any other male dependent. The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. Ex. ii. 10. Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. Shak. 4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as, sons of Albion; sons of New England. 5. The produce of anything. Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine. Blackmore. 6. (Commonly with the def. article) Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son of man. We . . . do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. 1 John iv. 14. Who gave His Son sure all has given. Keble. Note: The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial, are Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors. Sons of the prophets. See School of the prophets, under Prophet.", "sonar": null, "sonars": null, @@ -72483,8 +63997,6 @@ "sonatas": "An extended composition for one or two instruments, consisting usually of three or four movements; as, Beethoven's sonatas for the piano, for the violin and piano, etc. Note: The same general structure prevails in symphonies, instrumental trios, quartets, etc., and even in classical concertos. The sonata form, distinctively, characterizes the quick opening movement, which may have a short, slow introduction; the second, or slow, movement is either in the song or variation form; third comes the playful minuet of the more modern scherzo; then the quick finale in the rondo form. But both form and order are sometimes exceptional.", "sonatina": "A short and simple sonata.", "sonatinas": "A short and simple sonata.", - "sondheim": null, - "sondra": null, "song": "1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect, etc. \"That most ethereal of all sounds, the song of crickets.\" Hawthorne. 2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad. 3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem. The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned to his British lyre this ancient song. Dryden. 4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse. This subject for heroic song. Milton. 5. An object of derision; a laughingstock. And now am I their song. yea, I am their byword. Job xxx. 9. 6. A trifle. \"The soldier's pay is a song.\" Silliman. Old song, a trifle; nothing of value. \"I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song.\" Dr. H. More. -- Song bird (Zoöl.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines. -- Song sparrow (Zoöl.), a very common North American sparrow (Melospiza fasciata, or M. melodia) noted for the sweetness of its song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky brown streaks which form a blotch in the center. -- Song thrush (Zoöl.), a common European thrush (Turdus musicus), noted for its melodius song; -- called also mavis, throsite, and thrasher. Syn. -- Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn; descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.", "songbird": null, "songbirds": null, @@ -72492,8 +64004,6 @@ "songbooks": null, "songfest": null, "songfests": null, - "songhai": null, - "songhua": null, "songs": "1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect, etc. \"That most ethereal of all sounds, the song of crickets.\" Hawthorne. 2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad. 3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem. The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned to his British lyre this ancient song. Dryden. 4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse. This subject for heroic song. Milton. 5. An object of derision; a laughingstock. And now am I their song. yea, I am their byword. Job xxx. 9. 6. A trifle. \"The soldier's pay is a song.\" Silliman. Old song, a trifle; nothing of value. \"I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song.\" Dr. H. More. -- Song bird (Zoöl.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines. -- Song sparrow (Zoöl.), a very common North American sparrow (Melospiza fasciata, or M. melodia) noted for the sweetness of its song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky brown streaks which form a blotch in the center. -- Song thrush (Zoöl.), a common European thrush (Turdus musicus), noted for its melodius song; -- called also mavis, throsite, and thrasher. Syn. -- Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn; descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.", "songster": "1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often applied to human beings. 2. (Zoöl.) A singing bird.", "songsters": "1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often applied to human beings. 2. (Zoöl.) A singing bird.", @@ -72502,25 +64012,19 @@ "songwriter": null, "songwriters": null, "songwriting": null, - "sonia": null, "sonic": null, - "sonja": null, "sonnet": "1. A short poem, -- usually amatory. [Obs.] Shak. He had a wonderful desire to chant a sonnet or hymn unto Apollo Pythius. Holland. 2. A poem of fourteen lines, -- two stanzas, called the octave, being of four verses each, and two stanzas, called the sestet, of three verses each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule. Note: In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and the octave has but two rhymes, the second, third, sixth, and seventh lines being of one thyme, and the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth being of another. In the sestet there are sometimes two and sometimes three rhymes; but in some way its two stazas rhyme together. Often the three lines of the first stanza rhyme severally with the three lines of the second. In Shakespeare's sonnets, the first twelve lines rhymed alternately, and the last two rhyme together.\n\nTo compose sonnets. \"Strains that come almost to sonneting.\" Milton.", "sonnets": "1. A short poem, -- usually amatory. [Obs.] Shak. He had a wonderful desire to chant a sonnet or hymn unto Apollo Pythius. Holland. 2. A poem of fourteen lines, -- two stanzas, called the octave, being of four verses each, and two stanzas, called the sestet, of three verses each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule. Note: In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and the octave has but two rhymes, the second, third, sixth, and seventh lines being of one thyme, and the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth being of another. In the sestet there are sometimes two and sometimes three rhymes; but in some way its two stazas rhyme together. Often the three lines of the first stanza rhyme severally with the three lines of the second. In Shakespeare's sonnets, the first twelve lines rhymed alternately, and the last two rhyme together.\n\nTo compose sonnets. \"Strains that come almost to sonneting.\" Milton.", "sonnies": null, "sonny": null, "sonogram": null, "sonograms": null, - "sonora": null, "sonority": "The quality or state of being sonorous; sonorousness.", "sonorous": "1. Giving sound when struck; resonant; as, sonorous metals. 2. Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound; as, a sonorous voice. 3. Yielding sound; characterized by sound; vocal; sonant; as, the vowels are sonorous. 4. Impressive in sound; high-sounding. The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and familiarty of the thoughts, has something beautiful and sonorous in the expression. Addison. There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian balance in his style. It is as often marked by a pregnant brevity as by a sonorous amplitude. E. Everett. 5. (Med.) Sonant; vibrant; hence, of sounds produced in a cavity, deep- toned; as, sonorous rhonchi. Sonorous figures (Physics), figures formed by the vibrations of a substance capable of emitting a musical tone, as when the bow of a violin is drawn along the edge of a piece of glass or metal on which sand is strewed, and the sand arranges itself in figures according to the musical tone. Called also acoustic figures. -- Sonorous tumor (Med.), a tumor which emits a clear, resonant sound on percussion. -- So*no\"rous*ly, adv. -- So*no\"rous*ness, n.", "sonorously": null, "sonorousness": null, "sons": "1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or mother. Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son. Gen. xxi. 2. 2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural, descendants in general. I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings. Isa. xix. 11. I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Mal. iii. 6. 3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted male child; a pupil, ward, or any other male dependent. The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. Ex. ii. 10. Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. Shak. 4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as, sons of Albion; sons of New England. 5. The produce of anything. Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine. Blackmore. 6. (Commonly with the def. article) Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son of man. We . . . do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. 1 John iv. 14. Who gave His Son sure all has given. Keble. Note: The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial, are Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors. Sons of the prophets. See School of the prophets, under Prophet.", "sonsofbitches": null, - "sontag": "A knitted worsted jacket, worn over the waist of a woman's dress.", - "sony": null, - "sonya": null, "soon": "1. In a short time; shortly after any time specified or supposed; as, soon after sunrise. \"Sooner said than done.\" Old Proverb. \"As soon as it might be.\" Chaucer. She finished, and the subtle fiend his lore Soon learned. Milton. 2. Without the usual delay; before any time supposed; early. How is it that ye are come so soon to-day Ex. ii. 18. 3. Promptly; quickly; easily. Small lights are soon blown out, huge fires abide. Shak. 4. Readily; willingly; -- in this sense used with would, or some other word expressing will. I would as soon see a river winding through woods or in meadows, as when it is tossed up in so many whimsical figures at Versailles. Addison. As soon as, or So soon as, imediately at or after another event. \"As soon as he came nigh unto the camp . . . he saw the calf, and the dancing.\" Ex. xxxii. 19. See So . . . as, under So. -- Soon at, as soon as; or, as soon as the time referred to arrives. [Obs.] \"I shall be sent for soon at night.\" Shak. -- Sooner or later, at some uncertain time in the future; as, he will discover his mistake sooner or later. -- With the soonest, as soon as any; among the earliest; too soon. [Obs.] Holland.\n\nSpeedy; quick. [Obs.] Shak.", "sooner": "In the western United States, one who settles on government land before it is legally open to settlement in order to gain the prior claim that the law gives to the first settler when the land is opened to settlement; hence, any one who does a thing prematurely or anticipates another in acting in order to gain an unfair advantage.", "soonest": null, @@ -72541,8 +64045,6 @@ "sooty": "1. Of or pertaining to soot; producing soot; soiled by soot. \"Fire of sooty coal.\" Milton. 2. Having a dark brown or black color like soot; fuliginous; dusky; dark. \"The grisly legions that troop under the sooty flag of Acheron.\" Milton. Sooty albatross (Zoöl.), an albatross (Phoebetria fuliginosa) found chiefly in the Pacific Ocean; -- called also nellie. -- Sooty tern (Zoöl.), a tern (Sterna fuliginosa) found chiefly in tropical seas.\n\nTo black or foul with soot. [R.] Sootied with noisome smoke. Chapman.", "sop": "1. Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any liquid; especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. He it is to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. John xiii. 26. Sops in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine itself. Bacon. The bounded waters Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores, And make a sop of all this solid globe. Shak. 2. Anything given to pacify; -- so called from the sop given to Cerberus, as related in mythology. All nature is cured with a sop. L'Estrange. 3. A thing of little or no value. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Sops in wine (Bot.), an old name of the clove pink, alluding to its having been used to flavor wine. Garlands of roses and sops in wine. Spenser. -- Sops of wine (Bot.), an old European variety of apple, of a yellow and red color, shading to deep red; -- called also sopsavine, and red shropsavine.\n\nTo steep or dip in any liquid.", "soph": "A contraction of Soph ister. [Colloq.]\n\nA contraction of Sophomore. [Colloq.]", - "sophia": null, - "sophie": null, "sophism": "The doctrine or mode of reasoning practiced by a sophist; hence, any fallacy designed to deceive. When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one, then it is properly called a sophism, or \"fallacy\". I. Watts. Let us first rid ourselves of sophisms, those of depraved men, and those of heartless philosophers. I. Taylor.", "sophist": "1. One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt. Many of the Sophists doubdtless card not for truth or morality, and merely professed to teach how to make the worse appear the better reason; but there scems no reason to hold that they were a special class, teaching special opinions; even Socrates and Plato were sometimes styled Sophists. Liddell & Scott. 2. Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious reasoner.", "sophistic": "Of or pertaining to a sophist; embodying sophistry; fallaciously subtile; not sound. His argument . . . is altogether sophistical. Macaulay. -- So*phis\"tic*al*ly, adv. -- So*phis\"tic*al*ness, n.", @@ -72555,8 +64057,6 @@ "sophistries": null, "sophistry": "1. The art or process of reasoning; logic. [Obs.] 2. The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound in appearance only. The juggle of sophistry consists, for the most part, in usig a word in one sense in the premise, and in another sense in the conclusion. Coleridge. Syn. -- See Fallacy.", "sophists": "1. One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt. Many of the Sophists doubdtless card not for truth or morality, and merely professed to teach how to make the worse appear the better reason; but there scems no reason to hold that they were a special class, teaching special opinions; even Socrates and Plato were sometimes styled Sophists. Liddell & Scott. 2. Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious reasoner.", - "sophoclean": null, - "sophocles": null, "sophomore": "One belonging to the second of the four classes in an American college, or one next above a freshman. [Formerly written also sophimore.]", "sophomores": "One belonging to the second of the four classes in an American college, or one next above a freshman. [Formerly written also sophimore.]", "sophomoric": "Of or pertaining to a sophomore; resembling a sophomore; hence, pretentious; inflated in style or manner; as, sophomoric affectation. [U. S.]", @@ -72571,10 +64071,8 @@ "soprano": "(a) The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind of female or boy's voice; the upper part in harmony for mixed voices. (b) A singer, commonly a woman, with a treble voice.", "sopranos": "(a) The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind of female or boy's voice; the upper part in harmony for mixed voices. (b) A singer, commonly a woman, with a treble voice.", "sops": "1. Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any liquid; especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. He it is to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. John xiii. 26. Sops in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine itself. Bacon. The bounded waters Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores, And make a sop of all this solid globe. Shak. 2. Anything given to pacify; -- so called from the sop given to Cerberus, as related in mythology. All nature is cured with a sop. L'Estrange. 3. A thing of little or no value. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Sops in wine (Bot.), an old name of the clove pink, alluding to its having been used to flavor wine. Garlands of roses and sops in wine. Spenser. -- Sops of wine (Bot.), an old European variety of apple, of a yellow and red color, shading to deep red; -- called also sopsavine, and red shropsavine.\n\nTo steep or dip in any liquid.", - "sopwith": null, "sorbet": "A kind of beverage; sherbet. Smolett.", "sorbets": "A kind of beverage; sherbet. Smolett.", - "sorbonne": null, "sorcerer": "A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician. Bacon. Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers. Ex. vii. 11.", "sorcerers": "A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician. Bacon. Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers. Ex. vii. 11.", "sorceress": "A female sorcerer.", @@ -72619,11 +64117,7 @@ "sorties": "The sudden issuing of a body of troops, usually small, from a besieged place to attack or harass the besiegers; a sally.", "sorting": null, "sorts": "Chance; lot; destiny. [Obs.] By aventure, or sort, or cas [chance]. Chaucer. Let blockish Ajax draw The sort to fight with Hector. Shak.\n\n1. A kind or species; any number or collection of individual persons or things characterized by the same or like qualities; a class or order; as, a sort of men; a sort of horses; a sort of trees; a sort of poems. 2. Manner; form of being or acting. Which for my part I covet to perform, In sort as through the world I did proclaim. Spenser. Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt nor seen well by those that wear them. Hooker. I'll deceive you in another sort. Shak. To Adam in what sort Shall I appear Milton. I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some sort I have copied his style. Dryden. 3. Condition above the vulgar; rank. [Obs.] Shak. 4. A chance group; a company of persons who happen to be together; a troop; also, an assemblage of animals. [Obs.] \"A sort of shepherds.\" Spenser. \"A sort of steers.\" Spenser. \"A sort of doves.\" Dryden. \"A sort of rogues.\" Massinger. A boy, a child, and we a sort of us, Vowed against his voyage. Chapman. 5. A pair; a set; a suit. Johnson. 6. pl. (Print.) Letters, figures, points, marks, spaces, or quadrats, belonging to a case, separately considered. Out of sorts (Print.), with some letters or sorts of type deficient or exhausted in the case or font; hence, colloquially, out of order; ill; vexed; disturbed. -- To run upon sorts (Print.), to use or require a greater number of some particular letters, figures, or marks than the regular proportion, as, for example, in making an index. Syn. -- Kind; species; rank; condition. -- Sort, Kind. Kind originally denoted things of the same family, or bound together by some natural affinity; and hence, a class. Sort signifies that which constitutes a particular lot of parcel, not implying necessarily the idea of affinity, but of mere assemblage. the two words are now used to a great extent interchangeably, though sort (perhaps from its original meaning of lot) sometimes carries with it a slight tone of disparagement or contempt, as when we say, that sort of people, that sort of language. As when the total kind Of birds, in orderly array on wing, Came summoned over Eden to receive Their names of there. Milton. None of noble sort Would so offend a virgin. Shak.\n\n1. To separate, and place in distinct classes or divisions, as things having different qualities; as, to sort cloths according to their colors; to sort wool or thread according to its fineness. Rays which differ in refrangibility may be parted and sorted from one another. Sir I. Newton. 2. To reduce to order from a confused state. Hooker. 3. To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to class. Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and sorted with insects. Bacon. She sorts things present with things past. Sir J. Davies. 4. To choose from a number; to select; to cull. That he may sort out a worthy spouse. Chapman. I'll sort some other time to visit you. Shak. 5. To conform; to adapt; to accommodate. [R.] I pray thee, sort thy heart to patience. Shak.\n\n1. To join or associate with others, esp. with others of the same kind or species; to agree. Nor do metals only sort and herd with metals in the earth, and minerals with minerals. Woodward. The illiberality of parents towards children makes them base, and sort with any company. Bacon. 2. To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize. They are happy whose natures sort with their vocations. Bacon. Things sort not to my will. herbert. I can not tell you precisely how they sorted. Sir W. Scott.", - "sos": "The letters signified by the signal ( . . . ---. . . ) prescribed by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912 for use by ships in distress.", - "sosa": null, - "soses": null, "sot": "1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] outh. In Egypt oft has seen the sot bow down, And reverence some dOldham. 2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual drunkard. \"A brutal sot.\" Granville. Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty wine. Roscommon.\n\nSottish; foolish; stupid; dull. [Obs.] \"Rich, but sot.\" Marston.\n\nTo stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. [R.] I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted. Dryden.\n\nTo tipple to stupidity. [R.] Goldsmith.", - "soto": null, "sots": "1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] outh. In Egypt oft has seen the sot bow down, And reverence some dOldham. 2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual drunkard. \"A brutal sot.\" Granville. Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty wine. Roscommon.\n\nSottish; foolish; stupid; dull. [Obs.] \"Rich, but sot.\" Marston.\n\nTo stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. [R.] I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted. Dryden.\n\nTo tipple to stupidity. [R.] Goldsmith.", "sottish": "Like a sot; doltish; very foolish; drunken. How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology! Swift. Syn. -- Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; infatuate. -- Sot\"tish*ly, adv. -- Sot\"tish*ness, n.", "sou": "An old French copper coin, equivalent in value to, and now displaced by, the five-centime piece (sou.", @@ -72680,7 +64174,6 @@ "soupcon": "A suspicion; a suggestion; hence, a very small portion; a taste; as, coffee with a soupçon of brandy; a soupçon of coquetry.", "soupcons": "A suspicion; a suggestion; hence, a very small portion; a taste; as, coffee with a soupçon of brandy; a soupçon of coquetry.", "souped": null, - "souphanouvong": null, "soupier": null, "soupiest": null, "souping": null, @@ -72689,7 +64182,6 @@ "sour": "1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart. All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite. Bacon. 2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty, turned. 3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. \"A sour countenance.\" Swift. He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those men that sought him sweet as summer. Shak. 4. Afflictive; painful. \"Sour adversity.\" Shak. 5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh. Sour dock (Bot.), sorrel. -- Sour gourd (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii, and A. digitata; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See Adansonia. -- Sour grapes. See under Grape. -- Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo. -- Sour plum (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree (Owenia venosa); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights. Syn. -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.\n\nA sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect. Spenser.\n\n1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances. So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the liquor sours. Swift. 2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. Mortimer. 3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable. To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead. Shak. 4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. \"Souring his cheeks.\" Shak. Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart. Harte. 5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour lime for business purposes.\n\nTo become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity. They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity. Addison.", "source": "1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.] Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two. Chaucer. 2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain. Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours. Chaucer. Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile. Addison. 3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause. This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself. Locke. The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense. Pope. Syn. -- See Origin.", "sourced": null, - "sourceforge": null, "sources": "1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.] Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two. Chaucer. 2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain. Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours. Chaucer. Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile. Addison. 3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause. This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself. Locke. The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense. Pope. Syn. -- See Origin.", "sourcing": null, "sourdough": null, @@ -72705,7 +64197,6 @@ "sourpusses": null, "sours": "Source. See Source. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "sous": "A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.", - "sousa": null, "sousaphone": null, "sousaphones": null, "souse": "A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.\n\n1. Pickle made with salt. 2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine. And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse. Tusser. 3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.] 4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.\n\n1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. \"A soused gurnet.\" Shak. 2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid. They soused me over head and ears in water. Addison. 3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly. Although I be well soused in this shower. Gascoigne.\n\nTo swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack. For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main. Marston. Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. J. Dryden. Jr.\n\nTo pounce upon. [R.] [The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest. Shak.\n\nThe act of sousing, or swooping. As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near. Spenser.\n\nWith a sudden swoop; violently. Young.", @@ -72713,14 +64204,12 @@ "souses": "A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.\n\n1. Pickle made with salt. 2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine. And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse. Tusser. 3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.] 4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.\n\n1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. \"A soused gurnet.\" Shak. 2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid. They soused me over head and ears in water. Addison. 3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly. Although I be well soused in this shower. Gascoigne.\n\nTo swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack. For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main. Marston. Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. J. Dryden. Jr.\n\nTo pounce upon. [R.] [The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest. Shak.\n\nThe act of sousing, or swooping. As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near. Spenser.\n\nWith a sudden swoop; violently. Young.", "sousing": null, "south": "1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east. 2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. \"The queen of the south.\" Matt. xii. 42. 3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line. 4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nLying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole. \"At the south entry.\" Shak. South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.\n\n, adv. 1. Toward the south; southward. 2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.\n\n1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south. 2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; -- said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine.\n\nthe old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called also southerly, and southerland. See under Old.", - "southampton": null, "southbound": null, "southeast": "The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the east; the southeast part or region.\n\nOf or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.", "southeaster": "A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.\n\nToward the southeast.", "southeasterly": null, "southeastern": "Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.", "southeasters": "A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.\n\nToward the southeast.", - "southeasts": "The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the east; the southeast part or region.\n\nOf or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.", "southeastward": "Toward the southeast.", "southeastwards": "Toward the southeast.", "southerlies": null, @@ -72730,10 +64219,8 @@ "southerners": "An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern States of North America; opposed to Northerner.", "southernmost": "Farthest south.", "southerns": "Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from, the south; situated or proceeding toward the south. Southern Cross (Astron.), a constellation of the southern hemisphere containing several bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross. -- Southern Fish (Astron.), a constelation of the southern hemisphere (Piscis Australis) containing the bright star Fomalhaut. -- Southern States (U.S. Hist. & Geog.), the States of the American Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before the Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed as one of the Southern States.\n\nA Southerner. [R.]", - "southey": null, "southpaw": "Using the left hand in pitching; said of a pitcher. [Cant]\n\nA pitcher who pitches with the left hand. [Cant]", "southpaws": "Using the left hand in pitching; said of a pitcher. [Cant]\n\nA pitcher who pitches with the left hand. [Cant]", - "souths": "1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east. 2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. \"The queen of the south.\" Matt. xii. 42. 3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line. 4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nLying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole. \"At the south entry.\" Shak. South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.\n\n, adv. 1. Toward the south; southward. 2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.\n\n1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south. 2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; -- said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine.\n\nthe old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called also southerly, and southerland. See under Old.", "southward": "Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the east or west point; as, to go southward.\n\nToward the south.\n\nThe southern regions or countries; the south. Sir W. Raleigh.", "southwards": "Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the east or west point; as, to go southward.", "southwest": "The point of the compass equally from the south and the west; the southwest part or region.\n\nPertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest; proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest; as, a southwest wind.", @@ -72741,7 +64228,6 @@ "southwesterly": "To ward or from the southwest; as, a southwesterly course; a southwesterly wind.", "southwestern": "Of or pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; as, to sail a southwestern course.", "southwesters": "1. A storm, gale, or strong wind from the southwest. 2. A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or the like, with a flap at the back, -- worn in stormy weather.", - "southwests": "The point of the compass equally from the south and the west; the southwest part or region.\n\nPertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest; proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest; as, a southwest wind.", "southwestward": "Toward the southwest.", "southwestwards": "Toward the southwest.", "souvenir": "That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento; a keepsake.", @@ -72755,19 +64241,14 @@ "sowed": null, "sower": "One who, or that which, sows.", "sowers": "One who, or that which, sows.", - "soweto": null, "sowing": null, "sown": "p. p. of Sow.", "sows": "To sew. See Sew. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The female of swine, or of the hog kind. 2. (Zoöl.) A sow bug. 3. (Metal.) (a) A channel or runner which receives the rows of molds in the pig bed. (b) The bar of metal which remains in such a runner. (c) A mass of solidified metal in a furnace hearth; a salamander. 4. (Mil.) A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers in filling up and passing the ditch of a besieged place, sapping and mining the wall, or the like. Craig. Sow bread. (Bot.) See Cyclamen. -- Sow bug, or Sowbug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of terrestrial Isopoda belonging to Oniscus, Porcellio, and allied genera of the family Oniscidæ. They feed chiefly on decaying vegetable substances. -- Sow thistle Etym: [AS. sugepistel] (Bot.), a composite plant (Sonchus oleraceus) said to be eaten by swine and some other animals.\n\n1. To scatter, as seed, upon the earth; to plant by strewing; as, to sow wheat. Also used figuratively: To spread abroad; to propagate. \"He would sow some difficulty.\" Chaucer. A sower went forth to sow; and when he sowed, some seeds fell by the wayside. Matt. xiii. 3, 4. And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers. Addison. 2. To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or stock, as land, with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter over; to besprinkle. The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . . and it is the worst husbandry in the world to sow it with trifles. Sir M. Hale. [He] sowed with stars the heaven. Milton. Now morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl. Milton.\n\nTo scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop; -- literally or figuratively. They that sow in tears shall reap in joi. Ps. cxxvi. 5.", "soy": "1. A Chinese and Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made by subjecting boiled beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and meal, to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water. 2. (Bot.) The soja, a kind of bean. See Soja.", "soybean": null, "soybeans": null, - "soyinka": null, - "soyuz": null, "sozzled": null, - "sp": null, "spa": "A spring or mineral water; -- so called from a place of this name in Belgium.", - "spaatz": null, "space": "1. Extension, considered independently of anything which it may contain; that which makes extended objects conceivable and possible. Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion. Locke. 2. Place, having more or They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare; Long had he no space to dwell [in]. R. of Brunne. While I have time and space. Chaucer. 3. A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of a mile. Put a space betwixt drove and drove. Gen. xxxii. 16. 4. Quantity of time; an interval between two points of time; duration; time. \"Grace God gave him here, this land to keep long space.\" R. of brunne. Nine times the space that measures day and night. Milton. God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a longer space of repentance. Tillotson. 5. A short time; a while. [R.] \"To stay your deadly strife a space.\" Spenser. 6. Walk; track; path; course. [Obs.] This ilke [same] monk let old things pace, And held after the new world the space. Chaucer. 7. (print.) (a) A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to receive the ink in printing, -- used to separate words or letters. (b) The distance or interval between words or letters in the lines, or between lines, as in books. Note: Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the compositor to arrange the words at equal distances from each other in the same line. 8. (Mus.) One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the staff. Absolute space, Euclidian space, etc. See under Absolute, Euclidian, etc. -- Space line (Print.), a thin piece of metal used by printers to open the lines of type to a regular distance from each other, and for other purposes; a lead. Hansard. -- Space rule (Print.), a fine, thin, short metal rule of the same height as the type, used in printing short lines in tabular matter.\n\nTo walk; to rove; to roam. [Obs.] And loved in forests wild to space. Spenser.\n\nTo arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space words, lines, or letters.", "spacecraft": null, "spacecrafts": null, @@ -72801,7 +64282,6 @@ "spacious": "1. Extending far and wide; vast in extent. \"A spacious plain outstretched in circuit wide.\" Milton. 2. Inclosing an extended space; having large or ample room; not contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; as, spacious bounds; a spacious church; a spacious hall. -- Spa\"cious*ly, adv. -- Spa\"cious*ness, n.", "spaciously": null, "spaciousness": null, - "spackle": null, "spade": "1. (Zoöl.) A hart or stag three years old. [Written also spaid, spayade.] 2. Etym: [Cf. L. spado.] A castrated man or beast.\n\n1. An implement for digging or cutting the ground, consisting usually of an oblong and nearly rectangular blade of iron, with a handle like that of a shovel. \"With spade and pickax armed.\" Milton. 2. Etym: [Sp. espada, literally, a sword; -- so caused because these cards among the Spanish bear the figure of a sword. Sp. espada is fr. L. spatha, Gr. spa`qh. See the Etymology above.] One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures resembling a spade. \"Let spades be trumps!\" she said. Pope. 3. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale. Spade bayonet, a bayonet with a broad blade which may be used digging; -- called also trowel bayonet. -- Spade handle (Mach.), the forked end of a connecting rod in which a pin is held at both ends. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle.\n\nTo dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.", "spaded": null, "spadeful": "As much as a spade will hold or lift.", @@ -72812,8 +64292,6 @@ "spading": null, "spadix": "1. (Bot.) A fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a leaf called a spathe. 2. (Zoöl.) A special organ of the nautilus, due to a modification of the posterior tentacles.", "spaghetti": "A variety or macaroni made in tubes of small diameter.", - "spahn": null, - "spain": null, "spake": "imp. of Speak.", "spam": null, "spammed": null, @@ -72827,13 +64305,9 @@ "spangled": null, "spangles": "1. A small plate or boss of shining metal; something brilliant used as an ornament, especially when stitched on the dress. 2. Figuratively, any little thing that sparkless. \"The rich spangles that adorn the sky.\" Waller. Oak spangle. See under Oak.\n\nTo set or sprinkle with, or as with, spangles; to adorn with small, distinct, brilliant bodies; as, a spangled breastplate. Donne. What stars do spangle heaven with such beauty Shak. Spangled coquette (Zoöl.), a tropical humming bird (Lophornis reginæ). See Coquette, 2.\n\nTo show brilliant spots or points; to glisten; to glitter. Some men by feigning words as dark as mine Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine. Bunyan.", "spangling": null, - "spanglish": null, "spangly": "Resembling, or consisting of, spangles; glittering; as, spangly light.", - "spaniard": "A native or inhabitant of Spain.", - "spaniards": "A native or inhabitant of Spain.", "spaniel": "1. (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small dogs having long and thick hair and large drooping ears. The legs are usually strongly feathered, and the tail bushy. See Illust. under Clumber, and Cocker. Note: There are several varieties of spaniels, some of which, known as field spaniels, are used in hunting; others are used for toy or pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel, and the King Charles spaniel (see under Blenheim). Of the field spaniels, the larger kinds are called springers, and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and Clumber spaniels (see Clumber). The smaller field spaniels, used in hunting woodcock, are called cocker spaniels (see Cocker). Field spaniels are remarkable for their activity and intelligence. As a spaniel she will on him leap. Chaucer. 2. A cringing, fawning person. Shak.\n\nCringing; fawning. Shak.\n\nTo fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious. [R.] Churchill.\n\nTo follow like a spaniel. [R.]", "spaniels": "1. (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small dogs having long and thick hair and large drooping ears. The legs are usually strongly feathered, and the tail bushy. See Illust. under Clumber, and Cocker. Note: There are several varieties of spaniels, some of which, known as field spaniels, are used in hunting; others are used for toy or pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel, and the King Charles spaniel (see under Blenheim). Of the field spaniels, the larger kinds are called springers, and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and Clumber spaniels (see Clumber). The smaller field spaniels, used in hunting woodcock, are called cocker spaniels (see Cocker). Field spaniels are remarkable for their activity and intelligence. As a spaniel she will on him leap. Chaucer. 2. A cringing, fawning person. Shak.\n\nCringing; fawning. Shak.\n\nTo fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious. [R.] Churchill.\n\nTo follow like a spaniel. [R.]", - "spanish": "Of or pertaining to Spain or the Spaniards. Spanish bayonet (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Yucca alorifolia) with rigid spine-tipped leaves. The name is also applied to other similar plants of the Southwestern United States and mexico. Called also Spanish daggers. -- Spanish bean (Bot.) See the Note under Bean. -- Spanish black, a black pigment obtained by charring cork. Ure. -- Spanish broom (Bot.), a leguminous shrub (Spartium junceum) having many green flexible rushlike twigs. -- Spanish brown, a species of earth used in painting, having a dark reddish brown color, due to the presence of sesquioxide of iron. -- Spanish buckeye (Bot.), a small tree (Ungnadia speciosa) of Texas, New Mexico, etc., related to the buckeye, but having pinnate leaves and a three-seeded fruit. -- Spanish burton (Naut.), a purchase composed of two single blocks. A double Spanish burton has one double and two single blocks. Luce (Textbook of Seamanship). -- Spanish chalk (Min.), a kind of steatite; -- so called because obtained from Aragon in Spain. -- Spanish cress (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (lepidium Cadamines), a species of peppergrass. -- Spanish curiew (Zoöl.), the long-billed curlew. [U.S.] -- Spanish daggers (Bot.) See Spanish bayonet. -- Spanish elm (Bot.), a large West Indian tree (Cordia Gerascanthus) furnishing hard and useful timber. -- Spanish feretto, a rich reddish brown pigment obtained by calcining copper and sulphur together in closed crucibles. -- Spanish flag (Zoöl.), the California rockfish (Sebastichthys rubrivinctus). It is conspicuously colored with bands of red and white. -- Spanish fly (Zoöl.), a brilliant green beetle, common in the south of Europe, used for raising blisters. See Blister beetle under Blister, and Cantharis. -- Spanish fox (Naut.), a yarn twisted against its lay. -- Spanish grass. (Bot.) See Esparto. -- Spanish juice (Bot.), licorice. -- Spanish leather. See Cordwain. -- Spanish mackerel. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of mackerel (Scomber colias) found both in Europe and America. In America called chub mackerel, big-eyed mackerel, and bull mackerel. (b) In the United States, a handsome mackerel having bright yellow round spots (Scomberomorus maculatus), highly esteemed as a food fish. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to other species. See Illust. under Mackerel. -- Spanish main, the name formerly given to the southern portion of the Caribbean Sea, together with the contiguous coast, embracing the route traversed by Spanish treasure ships from the New to the Old World. -- Spanish moss. (Bot.) See Tillandsia. -- Spanish needles (Bot.), a composite weed (Bidens bipinnata) having achenia armed with needlelike awns. -- Spanish nut (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Iris Sisyrinchium) of the south of Europe. -- Spanish potato (Bot.), the sweet potato. See under Potato. -- Spanish red, an ocherous red pigment resembling Venetian red, but slightly yellower and warmer. Fairholt. -- Spanish reef (Naut.), a knot tied in the head of a jib-headed sail. -- Spanish sheep (Zoöl.), a merino. -- Spanish white, an impalpable powder prepared from chalk by pulverizing and repeated washings, -- used as a white pigment. -- Spanish windlass (Naut.), a wooden roller, with a rope wound about it, into which a marline spike is thrust to serve as a lever.\n\nThe language of Spain.", "spank": "To strike, as the breech, with the open hand; to slap.\n\nA blow with the open hand; a slap.\n\nTo move with a quick, lively step between a trot and gallop; to move quickly. Thackeray.", "spanked": null, "spanking": "1. Moving with a quick, lively pace, or capable of so doing; dashing. Four spanking grays ready harnessed. G. Colman, the Younger. 2. Large; considerable. [Colloq.]", @@ -72882,11 +64356,7 @@ "sparser": null, "sparsest": null, "sparsity": null, - "sparta": null, - "spartacus": null, "spartan": "of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a person of great courage and fortitude.", - "spartanburg": null, - "spartans": "of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a person of great courage and fortitude.", "spas": "A spring or mineral water; -- so called from a place of this name in Belgium.", "spasm": "1. (Med.) An involuntary and unnatural contraction of one or more muscles or muscular fibers. Note: Spasm are usually either clonic or tonic. In clonic spasm, the muscles or muscular fibers contract and relax alternately in very quick succession. In tonic spasm, the contraction is steady and uniform, and continues for a comparatively long time, as in tetanus. 2. A sudden, violent, and temporary effort or emotion; as, a spasm of repentance. Cynic spasm (Med.) See under Cynic. -- Spasm of the chest. See Angina pectoris, under Angina.", "spasmodic": "1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to spasm; consisting in spasm; occuring in, or characterized by, spasms; as, a spasmodic asthma. 2. Soon relaxed or exhausted; convulsive; intermittent; as, spasmodic zeal or industry. Spasmodic croup (Med.), an affection of childhood characterized by a stoppage of brathing developed suddenly and without fever, and produced by spasmodic contraction of the vocal cords. It is sometimes fatal. Called also laryngismus stridulus, and childcrowing. -- Spasmodic stricture, a stricture caused by muscular spasm without structural change. See Organic stricture, under Organic.\n\nA medicine for spasm.", @@ -72920,7 +64390,6 @@ "spayed": null, "spaying": null, "spays": "To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow or a bitch; to castrate (a female animal).\n\nThe male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.", - "spca": null, "speak": "1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to express thoughts by words; as, the organs may be so obstructed that a man may not be able to speak. Till at the last spake in this manner. Chaucer. Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth. 1 Sam. iii. 9. 2. To express opinions; to say; to talk; to converse. That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set, as the tradesmen speak. Boyle. An honest man, is able to speak for himself, when a knave is not. Shak. During the century and a half which followed the Conquest, there is, to speak strictly, no English history. Macaulay. 3. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to adress a public assembly formally. Many of the nobility made themselves popular by speaking in Parliament against those things which were most grateful to his majesty. Clarendon. 4. To discourse; to make mention; to tell. Lycan speaks of a part of Cæsar's army that came to him from the Leman Lake. Addison. 5. To give sound; to sound. Make all our trumpets speak. Shak. 6. To convey sentiments, ideas, or intelligence as if by utterance; as, features that speak of self-will. Thine eye begins to speak. Shak. To speak of, to take account of, to make mention of. Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To speak out, to speak loudly and distinctly; also, to speak unreservedly. -- To speak well for, to commend; to be favorable to. -- To speak with, to converse with. \"Would you speak with me\" Shak. Syn. -- To say; tell; talk; converse; discourse; articulate; pronounce; utter.\n\n1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately, as human beings. They sat down with him upn ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word unto him. Job. ii. 13. 2. To utter in a word or words; to say; to tell; to declare orally; as, to speak the truth; to speak sense. 3. To declare; to proclaim; to publish; to make known; to exhibit; to express in any way. It is my father;s muste To speak your deeds. Shak. Speaking a still good morrow with her eyes. Tennyson. And for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The maker's high magnificence. Milton. Report speaks you a bonny monk. Sir W. Scott. 4. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in conversation; as, to speak Latin. And French she spake full fair and fetisely. Chaucer. 5. To address; to accost; to speak to. [He will] thee in hope; he will speak thee fair. Ecclus. xiii. 6. each village senior paused to scan And speak the lovely caravan. Emerson. To speak a ship (Naut.), to hail and speak to her captain or commander.", "speakeasies": null, "speakeasy": null, @@ -73056,7 +64525,6 @@ "speedways": null, "speedwell": "Any plant of the genus Veronica, mostly low herbs with pale blue corollas, which quickly fall off.", "speedy": "Not dilatory or slow; quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in motion or performance; as, a speedy flight; on speedy foot. I will wish her speedy strength. Shak. Darts, which not the good could shun, The speedy ould outfly. Dryden.", - "speer": "A sphere. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nTo ask. [Scot.] See Spere.", "speleological": null, "speleologist": null, "speleologists": null, @@ -73085,9 +64553,6 @@ "spelunker": null, "spelunkers": null, "spelunking": null, - "spence": "1. A place where provisions are kept; a buttery; a larder; a pantry. Chiefly Brit. dial. [MW10] In . . . his spence, or \"pantry\" were hung the carcasses of a sheep or ewe, and two cows lately slaughtered. Sir W. Scott. Bluff Harry broke into the spence, And turned the cowls adrift. Tennyson. 2. The inner apartment of a country house; also, the place where the family sit and eat. [Scot.] Jamieson.", - "spencer": "One who has the care of the spence, or buttery. [Obs.] Promptorium Parvulorum.\n\nA short jacket worn by men and by women. Ld. Lutton.\n\nA fore-and-aft sail, abaft the foremast or the mainmast, hoisted upon a small supplementary mast and set with a gaff and no boom; a trysail carried at the foremast or mainmast; -- named after its inventor, Knight Spencer, of England [1802]. Spencer mast, a small mast just abaft the foremast or mainmast, for hoisting the spencer. R. H. Dana, Jr.", - "spencerian": null, "spend": "1. To weigh or lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to spend money for clothing. Spend thou that in the town. Shak. Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread Isa. lv. 2. 2. To bestow; to employ; -- often with on or upon. I . . . am never loath To spend my judgment. Herbert. 3. To consume; to waste; to squander; to exhaust; as, to spend an estate in gaming or other vices. 4. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away; as, to spend a day idly; to spend winter abroad. We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9. 5. To exhaust of force or strength; to waste; to wear away; as, the violence of the waves was spent. Their bodies spent with long labor and thirst. Knolles.\n\n1. To expend money or any other possession; to consume, use, waste, or part with, anything; as, he who gets easily spends freely. He spends as a person who knows that he must come to a reckoning. South. 2. To waste or wear away; to be consumed; to lose force or strength; to vanish; as, energy spends in the using of it. The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open air. Bacon. 3. To be diffused; to spread. The vines that they use for wine are so often cut, that their sap spendeth into the grapes. Bacon. 4. (Mining) To break ground; to continue working.", "spendable": null, "spender": "One who spends; esp., one who spends lavishly; a prodigal; a spendthrift.", @@ -73096,10 +64561,6 @@ "spends": "1. To weigh or lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to spend money for clothing. Spend thou that in the town. Shak. Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread Isa. lv. 2. 2. To bestow; to employ; -- often with on or upon. I . . . am never loath To spend my judgment. Herbert. 3. To consume; to waste; to squander; to exhaust; as, to spend an estate in gaming or other vices. 4. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away; as, to spend a day idly; to spend winter abroad. We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9. 5. To exhaust of force or strength; to waste; to wear away; as, the violence of the waves was spent. Their bodies spent with long labor and thirst. Knolles.\n\n1. To expend money or any other possession; to consume, use, waste, or part with, anything; as, he who gets easily spends freely. He spends as a person who knows that he must come to a reckoning. South. 2. To waste or wear away; to be consumed; to lose force or strength; to vanish; as, energy spends in the using of it. The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open air. Bacon. 3. To be diffused; to spread. The vines that they use for wine are so often cut, that their sap spendeth into the grapes. Bacon. 4. (Mining) To break ground; to continue working.", "spendthrift": "One who spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal; one who lavishes or wastes his estate. Also used figuratively. A woman who was a generous spendthrift of life. Mrs. R. H. Davis.\n\nProdigal; extravagant; wasteful.", "spendthrifts": "One who spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal; one who lavishes or wastes his estate. Also used figuratively. A woman who was a generous spendthrift of life. Mrs. R. H. Davis.\n\nProdigal; extravagant; wasteful.", - "spengler": null, - "spenglerian": null, - "spenser": null, - "spenserian": "Of or pertaining to the English poet Spenser; -- specifically applied to the stanza used in his poem \"The Faërie Queene.\"", "spent": "1. Exhausted; worn out; having lost energy or motive force. Now thou seest me Spent, overpowered, despairing of success. Addison. Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the ground. Dryden. 2. (Zoöl.) Exhausted of spawn or sperm; -- said especially of fishes. Spent ball, a ball shot from a firearm, which reaches an object without having sufficient force to penetrate it.", "sperm": "The male fecundating fluid; semen. See Semen. Sperm cell (Physiol.), one of the cells from which the spermatozoids are developed. -- Sperm morula. (Biol.) Same as Spermosphere.\n\nSpermaceti. Sperm oil, a fatty oil found as a liquid, with spermaceti, in the head cavities of the sperm whale. -- Sperm whale. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.", "spermatozoa": null, @@ -73108,14 +64569,12 @@ "spermicide": null, "spermicides": null, "sperms": "The male fecundating fluid; semen. See Semen. Sperm cell (Physiol.), one of the cells from which the spermatozoids are developed. -- Sperm morula. (Biol.) Same as Spermosphere.\n\nSpermaceti. Sperm oil, a fatty oil found as a liquid, with spermaceti, in the head cavities of the sperm whale. -- Sperm whale. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.", - "sperry": null, "spew": "1. To eject from the stomach; to vomit. 2. To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject. Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spew thee out of my mouth. Rev. ii. 16.\n\n1. To vomit. Chaucer. 2. To eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.\n\nThat which is vomited; vomit.", "spewed": null, "spewer": "One who spews.", "spewers": "One who spews.", "spewing": null, "spews": "1. To eject from the stomach; to vomit. 2. To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject. Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spew thee out of my mouth. Rev. ii. 16.\n\n1. To vomit. Chaucer. 2. To eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.\n\nThat which is vomited; vomit.", - "spf": null, "sphagnum": "A genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat moss.", "sphagnums": "A genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat moss.", "sphere": "1. (Geom.) A body or space contained under a single surface, which in every part is equally distant from a point within called its center. 2. Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth. Of celestial bodies, first the sun, A mighty sphere, he framed. Milton. 3. (Astron.) (a) The apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed to be spherical and everywhere equally distant, in which the heavenly bodies appear to have their places, and on which the various astronomical circles, as of right ascension and declination, the equator, ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and geographical circles in their proper positions on it. (b) In ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and eccentric revolving spherical transparent shells in which the stars, sun, planets, and moon were supposed to be set, and by which they were carried, in such a manner as to produce their apparent motions. 4. (Logic) The extension of a general conception, or the totality of the individuals or species to which it may be applied. 5. Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence; compass; province; employment; place of existence. To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen to move in 't. Shak. Taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself. Hawthorne. Each in his hidden sphere of joy or woe Our hermit spirits dwell. Keble. 6. Rank; order of society; social positions. 7. An orbit, as of a star; a socket. [R.] Shak. Armillary sphere, Crystalline sphere, Oblique sphere,. See under Armillary, Crystalline,. -- Doctrine of the sphere, applications of the principles of spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of the circles of the sphere, and the problems connected with them, in astronomy and geography, as to the latitudes and longitudes, distance and bearing, of places on the earth, and the right ascension and declination, altitude and azimuth, rising and setting, etc., of the heavenly bodies; spherical geometry. -- Music of the spheres. See under Music. Syn. -- Globe; orb; circle. See Globe.\n\n1. To place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere. The glorious planet Sol In noble eminence enthroned and sphered Amidst the other. Shak. 2. To form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to perfect. Tennyson.", @@ -73130,7 +64589,6 @@ "sphinx": "1. (a) In Egyptian art, an image of granite or porphyry, having a human head, or the head of a ram or of a hawk, upon the wingless body of a lion. The awful ruins of the days of old . . . Or jasper tomb, or mutilated sphinx. Shelley. (b) On Greek art and mythology, a she-monster, usually represented as having the winged body of a lion, and the face and breast of a young woman. Note: The most famous Grecian sphinx, that of Thebes in Boeotia, is said to have proposed a riddle to the Thebans, and killed those who were unable to guess it. The enigma was solved by \"Subtle as sphinx.\" Shak. 2. Hence: A person of enigmatical character and purposes, especially in politics and diplomacy. 3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large moths of the family Sphingidæ; -- called also hawk moth. Note: The larva is a stout naked caterpillar which, when at rest, often assumes a position suggesting the Egyptian sphinx, whence the name. 4. (Zoöl.) The Guinea, or sphinx, baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx). Sphinx baboon (Zoöl.), a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), often kept in menageries. -- Sphinx moth. (Zoöl.) Same as Sphinx, 3.", "sphinxes": null, "spic": null, - "spica": "1. (Med.) A kind of bandage passing, by successive turns and crosses, from an extremity to the trunk; -- so called from its resemblance to a spike of a barley. 2. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude situated in the constellation Virgo.", "spice": "1. Species; kind. [Obs.] The spices of penance ben three. Chaucer. Abstain you from all evil spice. Wyclif (1. Thess,v. 22). Justice, although it be but one entire virtue, yet is described in two kinds of spices. The one is named justice distributive, the other is called commutative. Sir T. Elyot. 2. A vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant or aromatic and pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in cookery and to flavor sauces, pickles, etc. Hast thou aught in thy purse [bag] any hot spices Piers Plowman. 3. Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief. So much of the will, with a spice of the willful. Coleridge.\n\n1. To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice one's words with wit. She 'll receive thee, but will spice thy bread With flowery poisons. Chapman. 2. To fill or impregnate with the odor of spices. In the spiced Indian air, by night. Shak. 3. To render nice or dainty; hence, to render scrupulous. [Obs.] \"A spiced conscience.\" Chaucer.", "spiced": null, "spices": "1. Species; kind. [Obs.] The spices of penance ben three. Chaucer. Abstain you from all evil spice. Wyclif (1. Thess,v. 22). Justice, although it be but one entire virtue, yet is described in two kinds of spices. The one is named justice distributive, the other is called commutative. Sir T. Elyot. 2. A vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant or aromatic and pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in cookery and to flavor sauces, pickles, etc. Hast thou aught in thy purse [bag] any hot spices Piers Plowman. 3. Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief. So much of the will, with a spice of the willful. Coleridge.\n\n1. To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice one's words with wit. She 'll receive thee, but will spice thy bread With flowery poisons. Chapman. 2. To fill or impregnate with the odor of spices. In the spiced Indian air, by night. Shak. 3. To render nice or dainty; hence, to render scrupulous. [Obs.] \"A spiced conscience.\" Chaucer.", @@ -73150,7 +64608,6 @@ "spidery": null, "spied": "imp. & p. p. of Spy.", "spiel": null, - "spielberg": null, "spieled": null, "spieling": null, "spiels": null, @@ -73175,7 +64632,6 @@ "spill": "1. A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. A slender piece of anything. Specifically: -- (a) A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask; a spile. (b) A metallic rod or pin. (c) A small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as a lamplighter, etc. (d) (Mining) One of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground. 3. A little sum of money. [Obs.] Ayliffe.\n\nTo cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc.; to inlay. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To destroy; to kill; to put an end to. [Obs.] And gave him to the queen, all at her will To choose whether she would him save or spill. Chaucer. Greater glory think [it] to save than spill. Spenser. 2. To mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy by misuse; to waste. [Obs.] They [the colors] disfigure the stuff and spill the whole workmanship. Puttenham. Spill not the morning, the quintessence of day, in recreations. Fuller. 3. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose, or suffer to be scattered; -- applied to fluids and to substances whose particles are small and loose; as, to spill water from a pail; to spill quicksilver from a vessel; to spill powder from a paper; to spill sand or flour. Note: Spill differs from pour in expressing accidental loss, -- a loss or waste contrary to purpose. 4. To cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed, or suffer to be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter; as, a man spills another's blood, or his own blood. And to revenge his blood so justly spilt. Dryden. 5. (Naut.) To relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind, so that it can be more easily reefed or furled, or to lessen the strain. Spilling line (Naut.), a rope used for spilling, or dislodging, the wind from the belly of a sail. Totten.\n\n1. To be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to waste. [Obs.] That thou wilt suffer innocents to spill. Chaucer. 2. To be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be lost or wasted. \"He was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company.\" I. Watts.", "spillage": null, "spillages": null, - "spillane": null, "spilled": null, "spilling": null, "spillover": null, @@ -73214,13 +64670,11 @@ "spinney": "Same as Spinny. T. Hughes.", "spinneys": "Same as Spinny. T. Hughes.", "spinning": "from Spin. Spinning gland (Zoöl.), one of the glands which form the material for spinning the silk of silkworms and other larvæ. -- Spinning house, formerly a common name for a house of correction in England, the women confined therein being employed in spinning. -- Spinning jenny (Mach.), an engine or machine for spinning wool or cotton, by means of a large number of spindles revolving simultaneously. -- Spinning mite (Zoöl.), the red spider. -- Spinning wheel, a machine for spinning yarn or thread, in which a wheel drives a single spindle, and is itself driven by the hand, or by the foot acting on a treadle.", - "spinoza": null, "spins": "1. To draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin goat's hair; to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material. All the yarn she [Penelope] spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill Ithaca full of moths. Shak. 2. To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject. Do you mean that story is tediously spun out Sheridan. 3. To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness. By one delay after another they spin out their whole lives. L'Estrange. 4. To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to spin a top. 5. To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid, which hardens on coming into contact with the air; -- said of the spider, the silkworm, etc. 6. (Mech.) To shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow form, by bending or buckling it by pressing against it with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal revolves, as in a lathe. To spin a yarn (Naut.), to tell a story, esp. a long or fabulous tale. -- To spin hay (Mil.), to twist it into ropes for convenient carriage on an expedition. -- To spin street yarn, to gad about gossiping. [Collog.]\n\n1. To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman knows how to spin; a machine or jenny spins with great exactness. They neither know to spin, nor care to toll. Prior. 2. To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a spindle, about its axis. Round about him spun the landscape, Sky and forest reeled together. Longfellow. With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning about each head. G. W. Cable. 3. To stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet; as, blood spinsfrom a vein. Shak. 4. To move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage, on a bicycle, etc. [Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle. [Colloq.] 2. (Kinematics) Velocity of rotation about some specified axis. go for a spin take a spin, take a trip in a wheeled vehicle, usu. an automobile.", "spinster": "1. A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin. She spake to spinster to spin it out. Piers Plowman. The spinsters and the knitters in the sun. Shak. 2. A man who spins. [Obs.] Shak. 3. (Law) An unmarried or single woman; -- used in legal proceedings as a title, or addition to the surname. If a gentlewoman be termed a spinster, she may abate the writ. Coke. 4. A woman of evil life and character; -- so called from being forced to spin in a house of correction. [Obs.]", "spinsterhood": null, "spinsterish": null, "spinsters": "1. A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin. She spake to spinster to spin it out. Piers Plowman. The spinsters and the knitters in the sun. Shak. 2. A man who spins. [Obs.] Shak. 3. (Law) An unmarried or single woman; -- used in legal proceedings as a title, or addition to the surname. If a gentlewoman be termed a spinster, she may abate the writ. Coke. 4. A woman of evil life and character; -- so called from being forced to spin in a house of correction. [Obs.]", - "spinx": null, "spiny": "1. Full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree. 2. Like a spine in shape; slender. \"Spiny grasshoppers sit chirping.\" Chapman. 3. Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or annoyances. The spiny deserts of scholastic philosophy. Bp. Warburton. Spiny lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Rock lobster, under Rock. See also Lobster.\n\nSee Spinny.", "spiracle": "1. (Anat.) The nostril, or one of the nostrils, of whales, porpoises, and allied animals. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the external openings communicating with the air tubes or tracheæ of insects, myriapods, and arachnids. They are variable in number, and are usually situated on the sides of the thorax and abdomen, a pair to a segment. These openings are usually elliptical, and capable of being closed. See Illust. under Coleoptera. (a) A tubular orifice communicating with the gill cavity of certain ganoid and all elasmobranch fishes. It is the modified first gill cleft. 3. Any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.", "spiracles": "1. (Anat.) The nostril, or one of the nostrils, of whales, porpoises, and allied animals. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the external openings communicating with the air tubes or tracheæ of insects, myriapods, and arachnids. They are variable in number, and are usually situated on the sides of the thorax and abdomen, a pair to a segment. These openings are usually elliptical, and capable of being closed. See Illust. under Coleoptera. (a) A tubular orifice communicating with the gill cavity of certain ganoid and all elasmobranch fishes. It is the modified first gill cleft. 3. Any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.", @@ -73248,10 +64702,8 @@ "spiritually": "In a spiritual manner; with purity of spirit; like a spirit.", "spirituals": "1. Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as, a spiritual substance or being. It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. 1 Cor. xv. 44. 2. Of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher endowments of the mind; mental; intellectual. 3. Of or pertaining to the moral feelings or states of the soul, as distinguished from the external actions; reaching and affecting the spirits. God's law is spiritual; it is a transcript of the divine nature, and extends its authority to the acts of the soul of man. Sir T. Browne. 4. Of or pertaining to the soul or its affections as influenced by the Spirit; controlled and inspired by the divine Spirit; proceeding from the Holy Spirit; pure; holy; divine; heavenly-minded; -- opposed to carnal. That I may impart unto you some spiritual gift. Rom. i. ll. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings. Eph. i. 3. If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one. Gal. vi. 1. 5. Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things; ecclesiastical; as, the spiritual functions of the clergy; lords spiritual and temporal; a spiritual corporation. Spiritual coadjuctor. (Eccl.) See the Note under Jesuit. -- Spiritual court (Eccl. Law), an ecclesiastical court, or a court having jurisdiction in ecclesiastical affairs; a court held by a bishop or other ecclesiastic.\n\nA spiritual function, office, or affair. See Spirituality, 2. He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor in temporals. Lowell.", "spirituous": "1. Having the quality of spirit; tenuous in substance, and having active powers or properties; ethereal; immaterial; spiritual; pure. 2. Containing, or of the nature of, alcoholic (esp. distilled) spirit; consisting of refined spirit; alcoholic; ardent; as, spirituous liquors. 3. Lively; gay; vivid; airy. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. The mind of man is of that spirituous, stirring nature, that it is perpetually at work. South.", - "spiro": null, "spirochete": null, "spirochetes": null, - "spirograph": "An instrument for recording the respiratory movements, as the sphygmograph does those of the pulse.", "spiry": "Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine. Hid in the spiry volumes of the snake. Dryden.\n\nOf or pertaining to a spire; like a spire, tall, slender, and tapering; abounding in spires; as, spiry turrets. \"Spiry towns.\" Thomson.", "spit": "1. A long, slender, pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding meat while roasting. 2. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long, narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as, a spit of sand. Cook. 3. The depth to which a spade goes in digging; a spade; a spadeful. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. To thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal. \"Infants spitted upon pikes.\" Shak. 2. To spade; to dig. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo attend to a spit; to use a spit. [Obs.] She's spitting in the kitchen. Old Play.\n\n1. To eject from the mouth; to throw out, as saliva or other matter, from the mouth. \"Thus spit I out my venom.\" Chaucer. 2. To eject; to throw out; to belch. Note: Spitted was sometimes used as the preterit and the past participle. \"He . . . shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on.\" Luke xviii. 32.\n\nThe secretion formed by the glands of the mouth; spitle; saliva; sputum.\n\n1. To throw out saliva from the mouth. 2. To rain or snow slightly, or with sprinkles. It had been spitting with rain. Dickens. To spit on or upon, to insult grossly; to treat with contempt. \"Spitting upon all antiquity.\" South.", "spitball": "Paper chewed, and rolled into a ball, to be thrown as a missile.", @@ -73268,13 +64720,11 @@ "spitfires": "A violent, irascible, or passionate person. [Colloq.] Grose.", "spiting": null, "spits": "1. A long, slender, pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding meat while roasting. 2. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long, narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as, a spit of sand. Cook. 3. The depth to which a spade goes in digging; a spade; a spadeful. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. To thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal. \"Infants spitted upon pikes.\" Shak. 2. To spade; to dig. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo attend to a spit; to use a spit. [Obs.] She's spitting in the kitchen. Old Play.\n\n1. To eject from the mouth; to throw out, as saliva or other matter, from the mouth. \"Thus spit I out my venom.\" Chaucer. 2. To eject; to throw out; to belch. Note: Spitted was sometimes used as the preterit and the past participle. \"He . . . shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on.\" Luke xviii. 32.\n\nThe secretion formed by the glands of the mouth; spitle; saliva; sputum.\n\n1. To throw out saliva from the mouth. 2. To rain or snow slightly, or with sprinkles. It had been spitting with rain. Dickens. To spit on or upon, to insult grossly; to treat with contempt. \"Spitting upon all antiquity.\" South.", - "spitsbergen": null, "spitted": "1. Put upon a spit; pierced as if by a spit. 2. Shot out long; -- said of antlers. Bacon.\n\np. p. of Spit, v. i., to eject, to spit. [Obs.]", "spitting": null, "spittle": "See Spital. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nTo dig or stir with a small spade. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA small sort of spade. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nThe thick, moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands; saliva; spit. Spittle insect. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit (b), under Cuckoo.", "spittoon": "A spitbox; a cuspidor.", "spittoons": "A spitbox; a cuspidor.", - "spitz": null, "spiv": null, "spivs": null, "splanchnic": "Of or pertaining to the viscera; visceral.", @@ -73359,7 +64809,6 @@ "spluttered": null, "spluttering": null, "splutters": "To speak hastily and confusedly; to sputter. [Colloq.] Carleton.\n\nA confused noise, as of hasty speaking. [Colloq.]", - "spock": null, "spoil": "1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to pillage; to rob; -- with of before the name of the thing taken; as, to spoil one of his goods or possession. \"Ye shall spoil the Egyptians.\" Ex. iii. 22. My sons their old, unhappy sire despise, Spoiled of his kingdom, and deprived of eues. Pope. 2. To seize by violence;; to take by force; to plunder. No man can enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he will first bind the strong man. Mark iii. 27. 3. To cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to vitiate; to mar. Spiritual pride spils many graces. Jer. Taylor. 4. To render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin; to destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled by insects; to spoil the eyes by reading.\n\n1. To practice plunder or robbery. Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil. Spenser. 2. To lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; to decay; as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.\n\n1. That which is taken from another by violence; especially, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty. Gentle gales, Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole Those balmy spoils. Milton. 2. Public offices and their emoluments regarded as the peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be bestowed for its own advantage; -- commonly in the plural; as to the victor belong the spoils. From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the coalition; my vote was counted in the day of battle, but I was overlooked in the division of the spoil. Gibbon. 3. That which is gained by strength or effort. each science and each art his spoil. Bentley. 4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; aste. The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treason, stratagems, and spoil. Shak. 5. Corruption; cause of corruption. [Archaic] Villainous company hath been the spoil of me. Shak. 6. The slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other animal. [Obs.] Bacon. Spoil bank, a bank formed by the earth taken from an excavation, as of a canal. -- The spoils system, the theory or practice of regarding public and their emoluments as so much plunder to be distributed among their active partisans by those who are chosen to responsible offices of administration.", "spoilage": null, "spoiled": null, @@ -73369,7 +64818,6 @@ "spoils": "1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to pillage; to rob; -- with of before the name of the thing taken; as, to spoil one of his goods or possession. \"Ye shall spoil the Egyptians.\" Ex. iii. 22. My sons their old, unhappy sire despise, Spoiled of his kingdom, and deprived of eues. Pope. 2. To seize by violence;; to take by force; to plunder. No man can enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he will first bind the strong man. Mark iii. 27. 3. To cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to vitiate; to mar. Spiritual pride spils many graces. Jer. Taylor. 4. To render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin; to destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled by insects; to spoil the eyes by reading.\n\n1. To practice plunder or robbery. Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil. Spenser. 2. To lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; to decay; as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.\n\n1. That which is taken from another by violence; especially, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty. Gentle gales, Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole Those balmy spoils. Milton. 2. Public offices and their emoluments regarded as the peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be bestowed for its own advantage; -- commonly in the plural; as to the victor belong the spoils. From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the coalition; my vote was counted in the day of battle, but I was overlooked in the division of the spoil. Gibbon. 3. That which is gained by strength or effort. each science and each art his spoil. Bentley. 4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; aste. The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treason, stratagems, and spoil. Shak. 5. Corruption; cause of corruption. [Archaic] Villainous company hath been the spoil of me. Shak. 6. The slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other animal. [Obs.] Bacon. Spoil bank, a bank formed by the earth taken from an excavation, as of a canal. -- The spoils system, the theory or practice of regarding public and their emoluments as so much plunder to be distributed among their active partisans by those who are chosen to responsible offices of administration.", "spoilsport": null, "spoilsports": null, - "spokane": null, "spoke": "imp. of Speak.\n\n1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. 2. (Naut.) A projecting handle of a steering wheel. 3. A rung, or round, of a ladder. 4. A contrivance for fastening the wheel of a vehicle, to prevent it from turning in going down a hill. To put a spoke in one's wheel, to thwart or obstruct one in the execution of some design.\n\nTo furnish with spokes, as a wheel.", "spoken": "1. Uttered in speech; delivered by word of mouth; oral; as, a spoken narrative; the spoken word. 2. Characterized by a certain manner or style in speaking; -- often in composition; as, a pleasant-spoken man. Methinks you 're better spoken. Shak.", "spokes": "imp. of Speak.\n\n1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. 2. (Naut.) A projecting handle of a steering wheel. 3. A rung, or round, of a ladder. 4. A contrivance for fastening the wheel of a vehicle, to prevent it from turning in going down a hill. To put a spoke in one's wheel, to thwart or obstruct one in the execution of some design.\n\nTo furnish with spokes, as a wheel.", @@ -73535,8 +64983,6 @@ "springboards": "An elastic board, secured at the ends, or at one end, often by elastic supports, used in performing feats of agility or in exercising.", "springbok": "A South African gazelle (Gazella euchore) noted for its graceful form and swiftness, and for its peculiar habit of springing lighty and suddenly into the air. It has a white dorsal stripe, expanding into a broad patch of white on the rump and tail. Called also springer. [Written also springboc, and springbock.]", "springboks": "A South African gazelle (Gazella euchore) noted for its graceful form and swiftness, and for its peculiar habit of springing lighty and suddenly into the air. It has a white dorsal stripe, expanding into a broad patch of white on the rump and tail. Called also springer. [Written also springboc, and springbock.]", - "springdale": null, - "springfield": null, "springier": null, "springiest": null, "springily": null, @@ -73544,7 +64990,6 @@ "springing": "1. The act or process of one who, or that which, springs. 2. Growth; increase; also, that which springs up; a shoot; a plant. Thou blessest the springing thereof. Ps. lxv. 10. Springing line of an arch (Arch.), the horizontal line drawn through the junction of the vertical face of the impost with the curve of the intrados; -- called also spring of an arch.", "springlike": null, "springs": "1. To leap; to bound; to jump. The mountain stag that springs From height to height, and bounds along the plains. Philips. 2. To issue with speed and violence; to move with activity; to dart; to shoot. And sudden light Sprung through the vaulted roof. Dryden. 3. To start or rise suddenly, as from a covert. Watchful as fowlers when their game will spring. Otway. 4. To fly back; as, a bow, when bent, springs back by its elastic power. 5. To bend from a straight direction or plane surface; to become warped; as, a piece of timber, or a plank, sometimes springs in seasoning. 6. To shoot up, out, or forth; to come to the light; to begin to appear; to emerge; as a plant from its seed, as streams from their source, and the like; -often followed by up, forth, or out. Till well nigh the day began to spring. Chaucer. To satisfy the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth. Job xxxviii. 27. Do not blast my springing hopes. Rowe. O, spring to light; auspicious Babe, be born. Pope. 7. To issue or proceed, as from a parent or ancestor; to result, as from a cause, motive, reason, or principle. [They found] new hope to spring Out of despair, joy, but with fear yet linked. Milton. 8. To grow; to prosper. What makes all this, but Jupiter the king, At whose command we perish, and we spring Dryden. To spring at, to leap toward; to attempt to reach by a leap. -- To spring forth, to leap out; to rush out. -- To spring in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste. -- To spring on or upon, to leap on; to rush on with haste or violence; to assault.\n\n1. To cause to spring up; to start or rouse, as game; to cause to rise from the earth, or from a covert; as, to spring a pheasant. 2. To produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly. She starts, and leaves her bed, amd springs a light. Dryden. The friends to the cause sprang a new project. Swift. 3. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine. 4. To crack or split; to bend or strain so as to weaken; as, to spring a mast or a yard. 5. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap operated by a spring; as, to spring a trap. 6. To bend by force, as something stiff or strong; to force or put by bending, as a beam into its sockets, and allowing it to straighten when in place; -- often with in, out, etc.; as, to spring in a slat or a bar. 7. To pass over by leaping; as, to spring a fence. To spring a butt (Naut.), to loosen the end of a plank in a ship's bottom. -- To spring a leak (Naut.), to begin to leak. -- To spring an arch (Arch.), to build an arch; -- a common term among masons; as, to spring an arcg over a lintel. -- To spring a rattle, to cause a rattle to sound. See Watchman's rattle, under Watchman. -- To spring the luff (Naut.), to ease the helm, and sail nearer to the wind than before; -- said of a vessel. Mar. Dict. -- To spring a mast or spar (Naut.), to strain it so that it is unserviceable.\n\n1. A leap; a bound; a jump. The prisoner, with a spring, from prison broke. Dryden. 2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its former state by elasticity; as, the spring of a bow. 3. Elastic power or force. Heavens! what a spring was in his arm! Dryden. 4. An elastic body of any kind, as steel, India rubber, tough wood, or compressed air, used for various mechanical purposes, as receiving and imparting power, diminishing concussion, regulating motion, measuring weight or other force. Note: The principal varieties of springs used in mechanisms are the spiral spring (Fig. a), the coil spring (Fig. b), the elliptic spring (Fig. c), the half-elliptic spring (Fig. d), the volute spring, the India-rubber spring, the atmospheric spring, etc. 5. Any source of supply; especially, the source from which a stream proceeds; as issue of water from the earth; a natural fountain. \"All my springs are in thee.\" Ps. lxxxvii. 7. \"A secret spring of spiritual joy.\" Bentley. \"The sacred spring whence and honor streams.\" red rose of the House of Lancaster. Sir J. Davies. 6. Any active power; that by which action, or motion, is produced or propagated; cause; origin; motive. Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move The hero's glory, or the virgin's love. Pope. 7. That which springs, or is originated, from a source; as: (a) A race; lineage. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A youth; a springal. [Obs.] Spenser. (c) A shoot; a plant; a young tree; also, a grove of trees; woodland. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton. 8. That which causes one to spring; specifically, a lively tune. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 9. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and grow; the vernal season, usually comprehending the months of March, April, and May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator. \"The green lap of the new-come spring.\" Shak. Note: Spring of the astronomical year begins with the vernal equinox, about March 21st, and ends with the summer solstice, about June 21st. 10. The time of growth and progress; early portion; first stage. \"The spring of the day.\" 1 Sam. ix. 26. O how this spring of love resembleth The uncertain glory of an April day. Shak. 11. (Naut.) (a) A crack or fissure in a mast or yard, running obliquely or transversely. (b) A line led from a vessel's quarter to her cable so that by tightening or slacking it she can be made to lie in any desired position; a line led diagonally from the bow or stern of a vessel to some point upon the wharf to which she is moored. Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zoöl.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora læta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zoöl.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zoöl.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares. Sir, pray hand the spring of pork to me. Gayton. -- Spring pin (Locomotive Engines), an iron rod fitted between the springs and the axle boxes, to sustain and regulate the pressure on the axles. -- Spring rye, a kind of rye sown in the spring; -- in distinction from winter rye, sown in autumn. -- Spring stay (Naut.), a preventer stay, to assist the regular one. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Spring tide, the tide which happens at, or soon after, the new and the full moon, and which rises higher than common tides. See Tide. -- Spring wagon, a wagon in which springs are interposed between the body and the axles to form elastic supports. -- Spring wheat, any kind of wheat sown in the spring; -- in distinction from winter wheat, which is sown in autumn.", - "springsteen": null, "springtime": "The season of spring; springtide.", "springy": "1. Resembling, having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a spring; elastic; as, springy steel; a springy step. Though her little frame was slight, it was firm and springy. Sir W. Scott. 2. Abounding with springs or fountains; wet; spongy; as, springy land.", "sprinkle": "1. To scatter in small drops or particles, as water, seed, etc. 2. To scatter on; to disperse something over in small drops or particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to sprinkle a floor with sand. 3. To baptize by the application of a few drops, or a small quantity, of water; hence, to cleanse; to purify. Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22.\n\n1. To scatter a liquid, or any fine substance, so that it may fall in particles. And the priest shall . . . sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the Lord. Lev. xiv. 16. 2. To rain moderately, or with scattered drops falling now and then; as, it sprinkles. 3. To fly or be scattered in small drops or particles.\n\n1. A small quantity scattered, or sparsely distributed; a sprinkling. 2. A utensil for sprinkling; a sprinkler. [Obs.]", @@ -73634,8 +65079,6 @@ "spymasters": null, "spyware": null, "sq": null, - "sql": null, - "sqlite": null, "sqq": null, "squab": "1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky. Nor the squab daughter nor the wife were nice. Betterton. 2. Unfledged; unfeathered; as, a squab pigeon. King.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) A neatling of a pigeon or other similar bird, esp. when very fat and not fully fledged. 2. A person of a short, fat figure. Gorgonious sits abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan. Cowper. 3. A thickly stuffed cushion; especially, one used for the seat of a sofa, couch, or chair; also, a sofa. Punching the squab of chairs and sofas. Dickens. On her large squab you find her spread. Pope.\n\nWith a heavy fall; plump. [Vulgar] The eagle took the tortoise up into the air, and dropped him down, squab, upon a rock. L'Estrange.\n\nTo fall plump; to strike at one dash, or with a heavy stroke. [Obs.]", "squabble": "1. To contend for superiority in an unseemly maner; to scuffle; to struggle; to wrangle; to quarrel. 2. To debate peevishly; to dispute. The sense of these propositions is very plain, though logicians might squabble a whole day whether they should rank them under negative or affirmative. I. Watts. Syn. -- To dispute; contend; scuffle; wrangle; quarrel; struggle.\n\nTo disarrange, so that the letters or lines stand awry or are mixed and need careful readjustment; -- said of type that has been set up.\n\nA scuffle; a wrangle; a brawl.", @@ -73665,7 +65108,6 @@ "squandered": null, "squandering": null, "squanders": "1. To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.] Our squandered troops he rallies. Dryden. 2. To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend prodigally or wastefully; to use without economy or judgment; to dissipate; as, to squander an estate. The crime of squandering health is equal to the folly. Rambler. Syn. -- To spend; expend; waste; scatter; dissipate.\n\n1. To spend lavishly; to be wasteful. They often squandered, but they never gave. Savage. 2. To wander at random; to scatter. [R.] The wise man's folly is anatomized Even by squandering glances of the fool. Shak.\n\nThe act of squandering; waste.", - "squanto": null, "square": "1. (Geom.) (a) The corner, or angle, of a figure. [Obs.] (b) A parallelogram having four equal sides and four right angles. 2. Hence, anything which is square, or nearly so; as: (a) A square piece or fragment. He bolted his food down his capacious throat in squares of three inches. Sir W. Scott. (b) A pane of glass. (c) (Print.) A certain number of lines, forming a portion of a column, nearly square; -- used chiefly in reckoning the prices of advertisements in newspapers. (d) (Carp.) One hundred superficial feet. 3. An area of four sides, generally with houses on each side; sometimes, a solid block of houses; also, an open place or area for public use, as at the meeting or intersection of two or more streets. The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large square of the town. Addison. 4. (Mech. & Joinery) An instrument having at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, used to lay out or test square work. It is of several forms, as the T square, the carpenter's square, the try-square., etc. 5. Hence, a pattern or rule. [Obs.] 6. (Arith. & Alg.) The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; thus, 64 is the square of 8, for 8 × 8 = 64; the square of a + b is a2 + 2ab + b2. 7. Exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct; regularity; rule. [Obs.] They of Galatia [were] much more out of square. Hooker. I have not kept my square. Shak. 8. (Mil.) A body of troops formed in a square, esp. one formed to resist a charge of cavalry; a squadron. \"The brave squares of war.\" Shak. 9. Fig.: The relation of harmony, or exact agreement; equality; level. We live not on the square with such as these. Dryden. 10. (Astrol.) The position of planets distant ninety degrees from each other; a quadrate. [Obs.] 11. The act of squaring, or quarreling; a quarrel. [R.] 12. The front of a woman's dress over the bosom, usually worked or embroidered. [Obs.] Shak. Geometrical square. See Quadrat, n., 2. -- Hollow square (Mil.), a formation of troops in the shape of a square, each side consisting of four or five ranks, and the colors, officers, horses, etc., occupying the middle. -- Least square, Magic square, etc. See under Least, Magic, etc. -- On the square, or Upon the square, in an open, fair manner; honestly, or upon honor. [Obs. or Colloq.] -- On, or Upon, the square with, upon equality with; even with. Nares. -- To be all squares, to be all settled. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- To be at square, to be in a state of quarreling. [Obs.] Nares. -- To break no square, to give no offense; to make no difference. [Obs.] -- To break squares, to depart from an accustomed order. To see how the squares go, to see how the game proceeds; -- a phrase taken from the game of chess, the chessboard being formed with squares. [Obs.] L'Estrange.\n\n1. (Geom.) Having four equal sides and four right angles; as, a square figure. 2. Forming a right angle; as, a square corner. 3. Having a shape broad for the height, with rectilineal and angular rather than curving outlines; as, a man of a square frame. 4. Exactly suitable or correspondent; true; just. She's a most truimphant lady, if report be square to her. Shak. 5. Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as square dealing. 6. Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the accounts square. 7. Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous. By Heaven, square eaters. More meat, I say. Beau. & Fl. 8. (Naut.) At right angles with the mast or the keel, and parallel to the horizon; -- said of the yards of a square-rigged vessel when they are so braced. Note: Square is often used in self-explaining compounds or combination, as in square-built, square-cornered, square-cut, square- nosed, etc. Square foot, an area equal to that of a square the sides of which are twelwe inches; 144 square inches. -- Square knot, a knot in which the terminal and standing parts are parallel to each other; a reef knot. See Illust. under Knot. -- Square measure, the measure of a superficies or surface which depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly. The units of square measure are squares whose sides are the linear measures; as, square inches, square feet, square meters, etc. -- Square number. See square, n., 6. -- Square root of a number or quantity (Math.), that number or quantity which, multiplied by itself produces the given number or quantity. -- Square sail (Naut.), a four-sided sail extended upon a yard suspended by the middle; sometimes, the foresail of a schooner set upon a yard; also, a cutter's or sloop's sail boomed out. See Illust of Sail. -- Square stern (Naut.), a stern having a transom and joining the counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a round stern, which has no transom. -- Three-square, Five-square, etc., having three, five, etc., equal sides; as, a three-square file. -- To get square with, to get even with; to pay off. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To form with four sides and four right angles. Spenser. 2. To form with right angles and straight lines, or flat surfaces; as, to square mason's work. 3. To compare with, or reduce to, any given measure or standard. Shak. 4. To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; to fit; as, to square our actions by the opinions of others. Square my trial To my proportioned strength. Milton. 5. To make even, so as leave no remainder of difference; to balance; as, to square accounts. 6. (Math.) To multiply by itself; as, to square a number or a quantity. 7. (Astrol.) To hold a quartile position respecting. The icy Goat and Crab that square the Scales. Creech. 8. (Naut.) To place at right angles with the keel; as, to square the yards. To square one's shoulders, to raise the shoulders so as to give them a square appearance, -- a movement expressing contempt or dislike. Sir W. Scott. -- To square the circle (Math.), to determine the exact contents of a circle in square measure. The solution of this famous problem is now generally admitted to be impossible.\n\n1. To accord or agree exactly; to be consistent with; to conform or agree; to suit; to fit. No works shall find acceptamce . . . That square not truly with the Scripture plan. Cowper. 2. To go to opposite sides; to take an attitude of offense or defense, or of defiance; to quarrel. [Obs.] Are you such fools To square for this Shak. 3. To take a boxing attitude; -- often with up, sometimes with off. [Colloq.] Dickens.", "squared": null, "squarely": "In a square form or manner.", @@ -73737,7 +65179,6 @@ "squelching": null, "squelchy": null, "squib": "1. A little pipe, or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with powder or combustible matter, to be thrown into the air while burning, so as to burst there with a crack. Lampoons, like squibs, may make a present blaze. Waller. The making and selling of fireworks, and squibs . . . is punishable. Blackstone. 2. (Mining) A kind of slow match or safety fuse. 3. A sarcastic speech or publication; a petty lampoon; a brief, witty essay. Who copied his squibs, and reëchoed his jokes. Goldsmith. 4. A writer of lampoons. [Obs.] The squibs are those who in the common phrase of the world are called libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers. Tatler. 5. A paltry fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nTo throw squibs; to utter sarcatic or severe reflections; to contend in petty dispute; as, to squib a little debate. [Colloq.]", - "squibb": null, "squibs": "1. A little pipe, or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with powder or combustible matter, to be thrown into the air while burning, so as to burst there with a crack. Lampoons, like squibs, may make a present blaze. Waller. The making and selling of fireworks, and squibs . . . is punishable. Blackstone. 2. (Mining) A kind of slow match or safety fuse. 3. A sarcastic speech or publication; a petty lampoon; a brief, witty essay. Who copied his squibs, and reëchoed his jokes. Goldsmith. 4. A writer of lampoons. [Obs.] The squibs are those who in the common phrase of the world are called libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers. Tatler. 5. A paltry fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nTo throw squibs; to utter sarcatic or severe reflections; to contend in petty dispute; as, to squib a little debate. [Colloq.]", "squid": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of ten-armed cephalopods having a long, tapered body, and a caudal fin on each side; especially, any species of Loligo, Ommastrephes, and related genera. See Calamary, Decacerata, Dibranchiata. Note: Some of these squids are very abundant on the Atlantic coast of North America, and are used in large quantities for bait, especially in the cod fishery. The most abundant of the American squids are the northern squid (Ommastrephes illecebrosus), ranging from Southern New England to Newfoundland, and the southern squid (Loligo Pealii), ranging from Virginia to Massachusetts. 2. A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other substance, fastened on its shank to imitate a squid. Flying squid, Giant squid. (Zoöl.) See under Flying, and Giant. -- Squid hound (Zoöl.), the striped bass.", "squidgy": null, @@ -73780,20 +65221,9 @@ "squishiest": null, "squishing": null, "squishy": null, - "sr": null, - "srinagar": null, "sriracha": null, - "srivijaya": null, - "sro": null, - "ss": "the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, t\\'c5 255-261. Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).", - "ssa": null, - "sse": null, "ssh": null, - "sss": null, - "sst": null, - "ssw": null, "st": null, - "sta": null, "stab": "1. To pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the thrust of a pointed instrument; as, to stab a man with a dagger; also, to thrust; as, to stab a dagger into a person. 2. Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as, to stab a person's reputation.\n\n1. To give a wound with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to thrust with a pointed weapon. None shall dare With shortened sword to stab in closer war. Dryden. 2. To wound or pain, as if with a pointed weapon. She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak. To stab at, to offer or threaten to stab; to thrust a pointed weapon at.\n\n1. The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2. A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; as, to fall by the stab an assassin. Shak. 3. Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly; as, a stab given to character.", "stabbed": null, "stabber": "1. One who, or that which, stabs; a privy murderer. 2. (Naut.) A small marline spike; a pricker.", @@ -73822,23 +65252,17 @@ "stabs": "1. To pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the thrust of a pointed instrument; as, to stab a man with a dagger; also, to thrust; as, to stab a dagger into a person. 2. Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as, to stab a person's reputation.\n\n1. To give a wound with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to thrust with a pointed weapon. None shall dare With shortened sword to stab in closer war. Dryden. 2. To wound or pain, as if with a pointed weapon. She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak. To stab at, to offer or threaten to stab; to thrust a pointed weapon at.\n\n1. The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2. A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; as, to fall by the stab an assassin. Shak. 3. Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly; as, a stab given to character.", "staccato": "1. (Mus.) Disconnected; separated; distinct; -- a direction to perform the notes of a passage in a short, distinct, and pointed manner. It is opposed to legato, and often indicated by heavy accents written over or under the notes, or by dots when the performance is to be less distinct and emphatic. 2. Expressed in a brief, pointed manner. Staccato and peremptory [literary criticism]. G. Eliot.", "staccatos": "1. (Mus.) Disconnected; separated; distinct; -- a direction to perform the notes of a passage in a short, distinct, and pointed manner. It is opposed to legato, and often indicated by heavy accents written over or under the notes, or by dots when the performance is to be less distinct and emphatic. 2. Expressed in a brief, pointed manner. Staccato and peremptory [literary criticism]. G. Eliot.", - "stacey": null, - "staci": null, - "stacie": null, "stack": "1. A large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, usually of a nearly conical form, but sometimes rectangular or oblong, contracted at the top to a point or ridge, and sometimes covered with thatch. But corn was housed, and beans were in the stack. Cowper. 2. A pile of poles or wood, indefinite in quantity. Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a man's height. Bacon. 3. A pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet. [Eng.] 4. (Arch.) (a) A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof. Hence: (b) Any single insulated and prominent structure, or upright pipe, which affords a conduit for smoke; as, the brick smokestack of a factory; the smokestack of a steam vessel. (Computer programming) (a) A section of memory in a computer used for temporary storage of data, in which the last datum stored is the first retrieved. (b) A data structure within random-access memory used to simulate a hardware stack, as, a push-down stack. Stack of arms (Mil.), a number of muskets or rifles set up together, with the bayonets crossing one another, forming a sort of conical self-supporting pile.\n\nTo lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile; as, to stack hay, cornstalks, or grain; to stack or place wood. To stack arms (Mil.), to set up a number of muskets or rifles together, with the bayonets crossing one another, and forming a sort of conical pile.", "stacked": null, "stacking": "from Stack. Stacking band, Stacking belt, a band or rope used in binding thatch or straw upon a stack. -- Stacking stage, a stage used in building stacks.", "stacks": "1. A large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, usually of a nearly conical form, but sometimes rectangular or oblong, contracted at the top to a point or ridge, and sometimes covered with thatch. But corn was housed, and beans were in the stack. Cowper. 2. A pile of poles or wood, indefinite in quantity. Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a man's height. Bacon. 3. A pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet. [Eng.] 4. (Arch.) (a) A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof. Hence: (b) Any single insulated and prominent structure, or upright pipe, which affords a conduit for smoke; as, the brick smokestack of a factory; the smokestack of a steam vessel. (Computer programming) (a) A section of memory in a computer used for temporary storage of data, in which the last datum stored is the first retrieved. (b) A data structure within random-access memory used to simulate a hardware stack, as, a push-down stack. Stack of arms (Mil.), a number of muskets or rifles set up together, with the bayonets crossing one another, forming a sort of conical self-supporting pile.\n\nTo lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile; as, to stack hay, cornstalks, or grain; to stack or place wood. To stack arms (Mil.), to set up a number of muskets or rifles together, with the bayonets crossing one another, and forming a sort of conical pile.", - "stacy": null, "stadium": "1. A Greek measure of length, being the chief one used for itinerary distances, also adopted by the Romans for nautical and astronomical measurements. It was equal to 600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or 125 Roman paces, or to 606 feet 9 inches English. This was also called the Olympic stadium, as being the exact length of the foot-race course at Olympia. Dr. W. Smith. 2. Hence, a race course; especially, the Olympic course for foot races. 3. A kind of telemeter for measuring the distance of an object of known dimensions, by observing the angle it subtends; especially (Surveying), a graduated rod used to measure the distance of the place where it stands from an instrument having a telescope, by observing the number of the graduations of the rod that are seen between certain parallel wires (stadia wires) in the field of view of the telescope; -- also called stadia, and stadia rod.", "stadiums": "1. A Greek measure of length, being the chief one used for itinerary distances, also adopted by the Romans for nautical and astronomical measurements. It was equal to 600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or 125 Roman paces, or to 606 feet 9 inches English. This was also called the Olympic stadium, as being the exact length of the foot-race course at Olympia. Dr. W. Smith. 2. Hence, a race course; especially, the Olympic course for foot races. 3. A kind of telemeter for measuring the distance of an object of known dimensions, by observing the angle it subtends; especially (Surveying), a graduated rod used to measure the distance of the place where it stands from an instrument having a telescope, by observing the number of the graduations of the rod that are seen between certain parallel wires (stadia wires) in the field of view of the telescope; -- also called stadia, and stadia rod.", - "stael": null, "staff": "1. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an instrument or weapon; a pole or srick, used for many purposes; as, a surveyor's staff; the staff of a spear or pike. And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar to bear it withal. Ex. xxxviii. 7. With forks and staves the felon to pursue. Dryden. 2. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person walking; hence, a support; that which props or upholds. \"Hooked staves.\" Piers Plowman. The boy was the very staff of my age. Shak. He spoke of it [beer] in \"The Earnest Cry,\" and likewise in the \"Scotch Drink,\" as one of the staffs of life which had been struck from the poor man's hand. Prof. Wilson. 3. A pole, stick, or wand borne as an ensign of authority; a badge of office; as, a constable's staff. Methought this staff, mine office badge in court, Was broke in twain. Shak. All his officers brake their staves; but at their return new staves were delivered unto them. Hayward. 4. A pole upon which a flag is supported and displayed. 5. The round of a ladder. [R.] I ascend at one [ladder] of six hundred and thirty-nine staves. Dr. J. Campbell (E. Brown's Travels). 6. A series of verses so disposed that, when it is concluded, the same order begins again; a stanza; a stave. Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for an heroic poem, as being all too lyrical. Dryden. 7. (Mus.) The five lines and the spaces on which music is written; -- formerly called stave. 8. (Mech.) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch. 9. (Surg.) The grooved director for the gorget, or knife, used in cutting for stone in the bladder. 10. Etym: [From Staff, 3, a badge of office.] (Mil.) An establishment of officers in various departments attached to an army, to a section of an army, or to the commander of an army. The general's staff consists of those officers about his person who are employed in carrying his commands into execution. See État Major. 11. Hence: A body of assistants serving to carry into effect the plans of a superintendant or manager; as, the staff of a newspaper. Jacob's staff (Surv.), a single straight rod or staff, pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the ground, and having a socket joint at the top, used, instead of a tripod, for supporting a compass. -- Staff angle (Arch.), a square rod of wood standing flush with the wall on each of its sides, at the external angles of plastering, to prevent their being damaged. -- The staff of life, bread. \"Bread is the staff of life.\" Swift. -- Staff tree (Bot.), any plant of the genus Celastrus, mostly climbing shrubs of the northern hemisphere. The American species (C. scandens) is commonly called bittersweet. See 2d Bittersweet, 3 (b). -- To set, or To put, up, or down, one's staff, to take up one's residence; to lodge. [Obs.]", "staffed": null, "staffer": null, "staffers": null, "staffing": null, - "stafford": null, "staffs": "1. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an instrument or weapon; a pole or srick, used for many purposes; as, a surveyor's staff; the staff of a spear or pike. And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar to bear it withal. Ex. xxxviii. 7. With forks and staves the felon to pursue. Dryden. 2. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person walking; hence, a support; that which props or upholds. \"Hooked staves.\" Piers Plowman. The boy was the very staff of my age. Shak. He spoke of it [beer] in \"The Earnest Cry,\" and likewise in the \"Scotch Drink,\" as one of the staffs of life which had been struck from the poor man's hand. Prof. Wilson. 3. A pole, stick, or wand borne as an ensign of authority; a badge of office; as, a constable's staff. Methought this staff, mine office badge in court, Was broke in twain. Shak. All his officers brake their staves; but at their return new staves were delivered unto them. Hayward. 4. A pole upon which a flag is supported and displayed. 5. The round of a ladder. [R.] I ascend at one [ladder] of six hundred and thirty-nine staves. Dr. J. Campbell (E. Brown's Travels). 6. A series of verses so disposed that, when it is concluded, the same order begins again; a stanza; a stave. Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for an heroic poem, as being all too lyrical. Dryden. 7. (Mus.) The five lines and the spaces on which music is written; -- formerly called stave. 8. (Mech.) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch. 9. (Surg.) The grooved director for the gorget, or knife, used in cutting for stone in the bladder. 10. Etym: [From Staff, 3, a badge of office.] (Mil.) An establishment of officers in various departments attached to an army, to a section of an army, or to the commander of an army. The general's staff consists of those officers about his person who are employed in carrying his commands into execution. See État Major. 11. Hence: A body of assistants serving to carry into effect the plans of a superintendant or manager; as, the staff of a newspaper. Jacob's staff (Surv.), a single straight rod or staff, pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the ground, and having a socket joint at the top, used, instead of a tripod, for supporting a compass. -- Staff angle (Arch.), a square rod of wood standing flush with the wall on each of its sides, at the external angles of plastering, to prevent their being damaged. -- The staff of life, bread. \"Bread is the staff of life.\" Swift. -- Staff tree (Bot.), any plant of the genus Celastrus, mostly climbing shrubs of the northern hemisphere. The American species (C. scandens) is commonly called bittersweet. See 2d Bittersweet, 3 (b). -- To set, or To put, up, or down, one's staff, to take up one's residence; to lodge. [Obs.]", "stag": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) The adult male of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), a large European species closely related to the American elk, or wapiti. (b) The male of certain other species of large deer. 2. A colt, or filly; also, a romping girl. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A castrated bull; -- called also bull stag, and bull seg. See the Note under Ox. 4. (Stock Exchange) (a) An outside irregular dealer in stocks, who is not a member of the exchange. [Cant] (b) One who applies for the allotment of shares in new projects, with a view to sell immediately at a premium, and not to hold the stock. [Cant] 5. (Zoöl.) The European wren. [Prov. Eng.] Stag beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Lucanus and allied genera, especially L. cervus of Europe and L. dama of the United States. The mandibles are large and branched, or forked, whence the name. The lava feeds on the rotten wood of dead trees. Called also horned bug, and horse beetle. -- Stag dance, a dance by men only. [slang, U.S.] -- Stag hog (Zoöl.), the babiroussa. -- Stag-horn coral (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large branching corals of the genus Madrepora, which somewhat resemble the antlers of the stag, especially Madrepora cervicornis, and M. palmata, of Florida and the West Indies. -- Stag-horn fern (Bot.), an Australian and West African fern (Platycerium alcicorne) having the large fronds branched like a stag's horns; also, any species of the same genus. -- Stag-horn sumac (Bot.), a common American shrub (Rhus typhina) having densely velvety branchlets. See Sumac. -- Stag party, a party consisting of men only. [Slang, U. S.] -- Stag tick (Zoöl.), a parasitic dipterous insect of the family Hippoboscidæ, which lives upon the stag and in usually wingless. The same species lives also upon the European grouse, but in that case has wings.\n\nTo act as a \"stag\", or irregular dealer in stocks. [Cant]\n\nTo watch; to dog, or keep track of. [Prov. Eng. or Slang] H. Kingsley.", "stage": "1. A floor or story of a house. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. An elevated platform on which an orator may speak, a play be performed, an exhibition be presented, or the like. 3. A floor elevated for the convenience of mechanical work, or the like; a scaffold; a staging. 4. A platform, often floating, serving as a kind of wharf. 5. The floor for scenic performances; hence, the theater; the playhouse; hence, also, the profession of representing dramatic compositions; the drama, as acted or exhibited. Knights, squires, and steeds, must enter on the stage. Pope. Lo! Where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague. 6. A place where anything is publicly exhibited; the scene of any noted action or carrer; the spot where any remarkable affair occurs. When we are born, we cry that we are come To this stage of fools. Shak. Music and ethereal mirth Wherewith the stage of air and earth did ring. Miton. 7. The platform of a microscope, upon which an object is placed to be viewed. See Illust. of Microscope. 8. A place of rest on a regularly traveled road; a stage house; a station; a place appointed for a relay of horses. 9. A degree of advancement in a journey; one of several portions into which a road or course is marked off; the distance between two places of rest on a road; as, a stage of ten miles. A stage . . . signifies a certain distance on a road. Jeffrey. He traveled by gig, with his wife, his favorite horse performing the journey by easy stages. Smiles. 10. A degree of advancement in any pursuit, or of progress toward an end or result. Such a polity is suited only to a particular stage in the progress of society. Macaulay. 11. A large vehicle running from station to station for the accomodation of the public; a stagecoach; an omnibus. \"A parcel sent you by the stage.\" Cowper. I went in the sixpenny stage. Swift. 12. (Biol.) One of several marked phases or periods in the development and growth of many animals and plants; as, the larval stage; pupa stage; zoea stage. Stage box, a box close to the stage in a theater. -- Stage carriage, a stagecoach. -- Stage door, the actor's and workmen's entrance to a theater. -- Stage lights, the lights by which the stage in a theater is illuminated. -- Stage micrometer, a graduated device applied to the stage of a microscope for measuring the size of an object. -- Stage wagon, a wagon which runs between two places for conveying passengers or goods. -- Stage whisper, a loud whisper, as by an actor in a theater, supposed, for dramatic effect, to be unheard by one or more of his fellow actors, yet audible to the audience; an aside. stage of the game, [Colloq.] stage n. 10.\n\nTo exhibit upon a stage, or as upon a stage; to display publicly. Shak.", @@ -73883,7 +65307,6 @@ "stair": "1. One step of a series for ascending or descending to a different level; -- commonly applied to those within a building. 2. A series of steps, as for passing from one story of a house to another; -- commonly used in the plural; but originally used in the singular only. \"I a winding stair found.\" Chaucer's Dream. Below stairs, in the basement or lower part of a house, where the servants are. -- Flight of stairs, the stairs which make the whole ascent of a story. -- Pair of stairs, a set or flight of stairs. -- pair, in this phrase, having its old meaning of a set. See Pair, n., 1. -- Run of stars (Arch.), a single set of stairs, or section of a stairway, from one platform to the next. -- Stair rod, a rod, usually of metal, for holding a stair carpet to its place. -- Up stairs. See Upstairs in the Vocabulary.", "staircase": "A flight of stairs with their supporting framework, casing, balusters, etc. To make a complete staircase is a curious piece of architecture. Sir H. Wotton. Staircase shell. (Zoöl.) (a) Any scalaria, or wentletrap. (b) Any species of Solarium, or perspective shell.", "staircases": "A flight of stairs with their supporting framework, casing, balusters, etc. To make a complete staircase is a curious piece of architecture. Sir H. Wotton. Staircase shell. (Zoöl.) (a) Any scalaria, or wentletrap. (b) Any species of Solarium, or perspective shell.", - "stairmaster": null, "stairs": "1. One step of a series for ascending or descending to a different level; -- commonly applied to those within a building. 2. A series of steps, as for passing from one story of a house to another; -- commonly used in the plural; but originally used in the singular only. \"I a winding stair found.\" Chaucer's Dream. Below stairs, in the basement or lower part of a house, where the servants are. -- Flight of stairs, the stairs which make the whole ascent of a story. -- Pair of stairs, a set or flight of stairs. -- pair, in this phrase, having its old meaning of a set. See Pair, n., 1. -- Run of stars (Arch.), a single set of stairs, or section of a stairway, from one platform to the next. -- Stair rod, a rod, usually of metal, for holding a stair carpet to its place. -- Up stairs. See Upstairs in the Vocabulary.", "stairway": "A flight of stairs or steps; a staircase. \"A rude and narrow stairway.\" Moore.", "stairways": "A flight of stairs or steps; a staircase. \"A rude and narrow stairway.\" Moore.", @@ -73911,10 +65334,7 @@ "staler": null, "stales": "The stock or handle of anything; as, the stale of a rake. [Written also steal, stele, etc.] But seeling the arrow's stale without, and that the head did go No further than it might be seen. Chapman.\n\n1. Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit, and flavor, from being long kept; as, stale beer. 2. Not new; not freshly made; as, stele bread. 3. Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn out; decayed. \"A stale virgin.\" Spectator. 4. Worn out by use or familiarity; having lost its novelty and power of pleasing; trite; common. Swift. Wit itself, if stale is less pleasing. Grew. How weary, stale flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Shak. Stale affidavit (Law), an affidavit held above a year. Craig. -- Stale demand (Law), a claim or demand which has not been pressed or demanded for a long time.\n\nTo make vapid or tasteless; to destroy the life, beauty, or use of; to wear out. Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety. Shak.\n\nTo make water; to discharge urine; -- said especially of horses and cattle. Hudibras.\n\n1. That which is stale or worn out by long keeping, or by use. [Obs.] 2. A prostitute. [Obs.] Shak. 3. Urine, esp. that of beasts. \"Stale of horses.\" Shak.\n\n1. Something set, or offered to view, as an allurement to draw others to any place or purpose; a decoy; a stool pigeon. [Obs.] Still, as he went, he crafty stales did lay. Spenser. 2. A stalking-horse. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. (Chess) A stalemate. [Obs.] Bacon. 4. A laughingstock; a dupe. [Obs.] Shak.", "stalest": null, - "stalin": null, "staling": null, - "stalingrad": null, - "stalinist": null, "stalk": "1. (Bot.) (a) The stem or main axis of a plant; as, a stalk of wheat, rye, or oats; the stalks of maize or hemp. (b) The petiole, pedicel, or peduncle, of a plant. 2. That which resembes the stalk of a plant, as the stem of a quill. Grew. 3. (Arch.) An ornament in the Corinthian capital resembling the stalk of a plant, from which the volutes and helices spring. 4. One of the two upright pieces of a ladder. [Obs.] To climd by the rungs and the stalks. Chaucer. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) A stem or peduncle, as of certain barnacles and crinoids. (b) The narrow basal portion of the abdomen of a hymenopterous insect. (c) The peduncle of the eyes of decapod crustaceans. 6. (Founding) An iron bar with projections inserted in a core to strengthen it; a core arbor. Stalk borer (Zoöl.), the larva of a noctuid moth (Gortyna nitela), which bores in the stalks of the raspberry, strawberry, tomato, asters, and many other garden plants, often doing much injury.\n\n1. To walk slowly and cautiously; to walk in a stealthy, noiseless manner; -- sometimes used with a reflexive pronoun. Shak. Into the chamber he stalked him full still. Chaucer. [Bertran] stalks close behind her, like a witch's fiend, Pressing to be employed. Dryden. 2. To walk behind something as a screen, for the purpose of approaching game; to proceed under clover. The king . . . crept under the shoulder of his led horse; . . . \"I must stalk,\" said he. Bacon. One underneath his horse, to get a shoot doth stalk. Drayton. 3. To walk with high and proud steps; usually implying the affectation of dignity, and indicating dislike. The word is used, however, especially by the poets, to express dignity of step. With manly mien he stalked along the ground. Dryden. Then stalking through the deep, He fords the ocean. Addison. I forbear myself from entering the lists in which he has long stalked alone and unchallenged. Mericale.\n\nTo approach under cover of a screen, or by stealth, for the purpose of killing, as game. As for shooting a man from behind a wall, it is cruelly like to stalking a deer. Sir W. Scott.\n\nA high, proud, stately step or walk. Thus twice before, . . . With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch. Shak. The which with monstrous stalk behind him stepped. Spenser.", "stalked": "Having a stalk or stem; borne upon a stem. Stalked barnacle (Zoöl.), a goose barnacle, or anatifer; -- called also stalk barnacle. -- Stalked crinoid (Zoöl.), any crinoid having a jointed stem.", "stalker": "1. One who stalks. 2. A kind of fishing net.", @@ -73929,14 +65349,12 @@ "stalling": "Stabling. Tennyson.", "stallion": "A male horse not castrated; a male horse kept for breeding.", "stallions": "A male horse not castrated; a male horse kept for breeding.", - "stallone": null, "stalls": "1. A stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or place where a horse or an ox kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the compartment, for one horse, ox, or other animal. \"In an oxes stall.\" Chaucer. 2. A stable; a place for cattle. At last he found a stall where oxen stood. Dryden. 3. A small apartment or shed in which merchandise is exposed for sale; as, a butcher's stall; a bookstall. 4. A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise are exposed for sale. How peddlers' stalls with glittering toys are laid. Gay. 5. A seat in the choir of a church, for one of the officiating clergy. It is inclosed, either wholly or partially, at the back and sides. The stalls are frequently very rich, with canopies and elaborate carving. The dignifird clergy, out of humanility, have called their thrones by the names of stalls. Bp. Warburton. Loud the monks in their stalls. Longfellow. 6. In the theater, a seat with arms or otherwise partly inclosed, as distinguished from the benches, sofas, etc. 7. (Mining) The space left by excavation between pillars. See Post and stall, under Post. Stall reader, one who reads books at a stall where they are exposed for sale. Cries the stall reader, \"Bless us! what a word on A titlepage is this!\" Milton.\n\n1. To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or stalls; as, to stall an ox. Where King Latinus then his oxen stalled. Dryden. 2. To fatten; as, to stall cattle. [Prov. Eng.] 3. To place in an office with the customary formalities; to install. Shak. 4. To plunge into mire or snow so as not to be able to get on; to set; to fix; as, to stall a cart. Burton. His horses had been stalled in the snow. E. E. Hale. 5. To forestall; to anticipitate. Having This not to be stall'd by my report. Massinger. 6. To keep close; to keep secret. [Obs.] Stall this in your bosom. Shak.\n\n1. To live in, or as in, a stall; to dwell. [Obs.] We could not stall together In the whole world. Shak. 2. To kennel, as dogs. Johnson. 3. To be set, as in mire or snow; to stick fast. 4. To be tired of eating, as cattle. [Prov. Eng.]", "stalwart": "Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent. \"A stalwart tiller of the soil.\" Prof. Wilson. Fair man be was and wise, stalworth and bold. R. of Brunne. Note: Stalworth is now disused, or bur little used, stalwart having taken its place.", "stalwartly": "In a stalwart manner.", "stalwarts": "Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent. \"A stalwart tiller of the soil.\" Prof. Wilson. Fair man be was and wise, stalworth and bold. R. of Brunne. Note: Stalworth is now disused, or bur little used, stalwart having taken its place.", "stamen": "1. A thread; especially, a warp thread. 2. (pl. Stamens, rarely Stamina.) (Bot.) The male organ of flowers for secreting and furnishing the pollen or fecundating dust. It consists of the anther and filament.", "stamens": "1. A thread; especially, a warp thread. 2. (pl. Stamens, rarely Stamina.) (Bot.) The male organ of flowers for secreting and furnishing the pollen or fecundating dust. It consists of the anther and filament.", - "stamford": null, "stamina": "See Stamen.\n\n1. The fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it or gives it strength and solidity; as, the bones are the stamina of animal bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina which constitute their strength. 2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of anything; power of endurance; backbone; vigor; as, the stamina of a constitution or of life; the stamina of a State. He succeeded to great captains who had sapped the whole stamina and resistance of the contest. De Quincey.", "stammer": "To make involuntary stops in uttering syllables or words; to hesitate or falter in speaking; to speak with stops and diffivulty; to stutter. I would thou couldst stammer, that thou mightest pour this conclead man out of thy mouth, as wine comes out of a narrow-mouthed bottle, either too much at once, or none at all. Shak.\n\nTo utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly; -- sometimes with out.\n\nDefective utterance, or involuntary interruption of utterance; a stutter.", "stammered": null, @@ -73955,7 +65373,6 @@ "stampers": "1. One who stamps. 2. An instrument for pounding or stamping.", "stamping": "from Stamp, v. Stamping ground, a place frequented, and much trodden, by animals, wild or domesticated; hence (Colloq.), the scene of one's labors or exploits; also, one's favorite resort. [U.S.] -- Stamping machine, a machine for forming metallic articles or impressions by stamping. -- Stamping mill (Mining), a stamp mill.", "stamps": "1. To strike beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward. Shak. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden. 2. To bring down (the foot) forcibly on the ground or floor; as, he stamped his foot with rage. 3. To crush; to pulverize; specifically (Metal.), to crush by the blow of a heavy stamp, as ore in a mill. I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire, and stamped it, and ground it very small. Deut. ix. 21. 4. To impress with some mark or figure; as, to stamp a plate with arms or initials. 5. Fig.: To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp virtuous principles on the heart. God . . . has stamped no original characters on our minds wherein we may read his being. Locke. 6. To cut out, bend, or indent, as paper, sheet metal, etc., into various forms, by a blow or suddenly applied pressure with a stamp or die, etc.; to mint; to coin. 7. To put a stamp on, as for postage; as, to stamp a letter; to stamp a legal document. To stamp out, to put an end to by sudden and energetic action; to extinguish; as, to stamp out a rebellion.\n\n1. To strike; to beat; to crush. These cooks how they stamp and strain and grind. Chaucer. 2. To strike the foot forcibly downward. But starts, exclaims, and stamps, and raves, and dies. dennis.\n\n1. The act of stamping, as with the foot. 2. The which stamps; any instrument for making impressions on other bodies, as a die. 'T is gold so pure It can not bear the stamp without alloy. Dryden. 3. The mark made by stamping; a mark imprinted; an impression. That sacred name gives ornament and grace, And, like his stamp, makes basest metals pass. Dryden. 4. that which is marked; a thing stamped. hanging a golden stamp about their necks. Shak. 5. Etym: [F. estampe, of german origin. See Stamp, v. t.] A picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; a cut; a plate. [Obs.] At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several edifices which are most famous for their beauty and magnificence. Addison. 6. An offical mark set upon things chargeable with a duty or tax to government, as evidence that the duty or tax is paid; as, the stamp on a bill of exchange. 7. Hence, a stamped or printed device, issued by the government at a fixed price, and required by law to be affixed to, or stamped on, certain papers, as evidence that the government dues are paid; as, a postage stamp; a receipt stamp, etc. 8. An instrument for cutting out, or shaping, materials, as paper, leather, etc., by a downward pressure. 9. A character or reputation, good or bad, fixed on anything as if by an imprinted mark; current value; authority; as, these persons have the stamp of dishonesty; the Scriptures bear the stamp of a divine origin. Of the same stamp is that which is obtruded on us, that an adamant suspends the attraction of the loadstone. Sir T. Browne. 10. Make; cast; form; character; as, a man of the same stamp, or of a different stamp. A soldier of this season's stamp. Shak. 11. A kind of heavy hammer, or pestle, raised by water or steam power, for beating ores to powder; anything like a pestle, used for pounding or bathing. 12. A half-penny. [Obs.] au. & Fl. 13. pl. Money, esp. paper money. [Slang, U.S.] Stamp act, an act of the British Parliament [1765] imposing a duty on all paper, vellum, and parchment used in the American colonies, and declaring all writings on unstamped materials to be null an void. -- Stamp collector, an officer who receives or collects stamp duties; one who collects postage or other stamps. -- Stamp duty, a duty, or tax, imposed on paper and parchment used for certain writings, as deeds, conveyances, etc., the evidence of the payment of the duty or tax being a stamp. [Eng.] -- Stamp hammer, a hammer, worked by power, which rises and falls vertically, like a stamp in a stamp mill. -- Stamp head, a heavy mass of metal, forming the head or lower end of a bar, which is lifted and let fall, in a stamp mill. -- Stamp mill (Mining), a mill in which ore is crushed with stamps; also, a machine for stamping ore. -- Stamp note, a stamped certificate from a customhouse officer, which allows goods to be received by the captain of a ship as freight. [Eng.] -- Stamp office, an office for the issue of stamps and the reception of stamp duties.", - "stan": null, "stance": "1. A stanza. [Obs.] Chapman. 2. A station; a position; a site. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", "stances": "1. A stanza. [Obs.] Chapman. 2. A station; a position; a site. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.", "stanch": "1. To stop the flowing of, as blood; to check; also, to stop the flowing of blood from; as, to stanch a wound. [Written also staunch.] Iron or a stone laid to the neck doth stanch the bleeding of the nose. Bacon. 2. To extinguish; to quench, as fire or thirst. [Obs.]\n\nTo cease, as the flowing of blood. Immediately her issue of blood stanched. Luke viii. 44.\n\n1. That which stanches or checks. [Obs.] 2. A flood gate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release. Knight.\n\n1. Strong and tight; sound; firm; as, a stanch ship. One of the closets is parqueted with plain deal, set in diamond, exceeding stanch and pretty. Evelyn. 2. Firm in principle; constant and zealous; loyal; hearty; steady; steadfast; as, a stanch churchman; a stanch friend or adherent. V. Knox. In politics I hear you 're stanch. Prior. 3. Close; secret; private. [Obs.] This to be kept stanch. Locke.\n\nTo prop; to make stanch, or strong. His gathered sticks to stanch the wall Of the snow tower when snow should fall. Emerson.", @@ -73983,7 +65400,6 @@ "standers": "1. One who stands. 2. Same as Standel. [Obs.] Ascham.", "standing": "1. Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn. 2. Not flowing; stagnant; as, standing water. 3. Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as, a standing color. 4. Established by law, custom, or the like; settled; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a standing army; legislative bodies have standing rules of proceeding and standing committees. 5. Not movable; fixed; as, a standing bed (distinguished from a trundle-bed). Standing army. See Standing army, under Army. -- Standing bolt. See Stud bolt, under Stud, a stem. -- Standing committee, in legislative bodies, etc., a committee appointed for the consideration of all subjects of a particular class which shall arise during the session or a stated period. -- Standing cup, a tall goblet, with a foot and a cover. -- Standing finish (Arch.), that part of the interior fittings, esp. of a dwelling house, which is permanent and fixed in its place, as distinguished from doors, sashes, etc. -- Standing order (Eccl.), the denomination (Congregiational) established by law; -- a term formerly used in Connecticut. See also under Order. -- Standing part. (Naut.) (a) That part of a tackle which is made fast to a block, point, or other object. (b) That part of a rope around which turns are taken with the running part in making a knot of the like. -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the cordage or rope which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their position, as the shrouds and stays, - - distinguished from running rigging.\n\n1. The act of stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of being erect upon the feet; stand. 2. Maintenance of position; duration; duration or existence in the same place or condition; continuance; as, a custom of long standing; an officer of long standing. An ancient thing of long standing. Bunyan. 3. Place to stand in; station; stand. I will provide you a good standing to see his entry. Bacon. I think in deep mire, where there is no standing. Ps. lxix. 2. 4. Condition in society; relative position; reputation; rank; as, a man of good standing, or of high standing. Standing off (Naut.), sailing from the land. -- Standing on (Naut.), sailing toward land.", "standings": "1. Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn. 2. Not flowing; stagnant; as, standing water. 3. Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as, a standing color. 4. Established by law, custom, or the like; settled; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a standing army; legislative bodies have standing rules of proceeding and standing committees. 5. Not movable; fixed; as, a standing bed (distinguished from a trundle-bed). Standing army. See Standing army, under Army. -- Standing bolt. See Stud bolt, under Stud, a stem. -- Standing committee, in legislative bodies, etc., a committee appointed for the consideration of all subjects of a particular class which shall arise during the session or a stated period. -- Standing cup, a tall goblet, with a foot and a cover. -- Standing finish (Arch.), that part of the interior fittings, esp. of a dwelling house, which is permanent and fixed in its place, as distinguished from doors, sashes, etc. -- Standing order (Eccl.), the denomination (Congregiational) established by law; -- a term formerly used in Connecticut. See also under Order. -- Standing part. (Naut.) (a) That part of a tackle which is made fast to a block, point, or other object. (b) That part of a rope around which turns are taken with the running part in making a knot of the like. -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the cordage or rope which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their position, as the shrouds and stays, - - distinguished from running rigging.\n\n1. The act of stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of being erect upon the feet; stand. 2. Maintenance of position; duration; duration or existence in the same place or condition; continuance; as, a custom of long standing; an officer of long standing. An ancient thing of long standing. Bunyan. 3. Place to stand in; station; stand. I will provide you a good standing to see his entry. Bacon. I think in deep mire, where there is no standing. Ps. lxix. 2. 4. Condition in society; relative position; reputation; rank; as, a man of good standing, or of high standing. Standing off (Naut.), sailing from the land. -- Standing on (Naut.), sailing toward land.", - "standish": "A stand, or case, for pen and ink. I bequeath to Dean Swift, Esq., my large silver standish. Swift.", "standoff": null, "standoffish": null, "standoffs": null, @@ -73996,11 +65412,7 @@ "stands": "1. To be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an upright or firm position; as: (a) To be supported on the feet, in an erect or nearly erect position; -- opposed to lie, sit, kneel, etc. \"I pray you all, stand up!\" Shak. (b) To continue upright in a certain locality, as a tree fixed by the roots, or a building resting on its foundation. It stands as it were to the ground yglued. Chaucer. The ruined wall Stands when its wind worn battlements are gone. Byron. 2. To occupy or hold a place; to have a situation; to be situated or located; as, Paris stands on the Seine. Wite ye not where there stands a little town Chaucer. 3. To cease from progress; not to proceed; to stop; to pause; to halt; to remain stationary. I charge thee, stand, And tell thy name. Dryden. The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was. Matt. ii. 9. 4. To remain without ruin or injury; to hold good against tendencies to impair or injure; to be permanent; to endure; to last; hence, to find endurance, strength, or resources. My mind on its own center stands unmoved. Dryden. 5. To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe. Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall. Spectator. 6. To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition. \"The standing pattern of their imitation.\" South. The king granted the Jews . . . to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life. Esther viii. 11. 7. To adhere to fixed principles; to maintain moral rectitude; to keep from falling into error or vice. We must labor so as to stand with godliness, according to his appointment. Latimer. 8. To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a particular relation; as, Christian charity, or love, stands first in the rank of gifts. 9. To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist. \"Sacrifices . . . which stood only in meats and drinks.\" Heb. ix. 10. Accomplish what your signs foreshow; I stand resigned, and am prepared to go. Dryden. Thou seest how it stands with me, and that I may not tarry. Sir W. Scott. 10. To be consistent; to agree; to accord. Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing But what may stand with honor. Massinger. 11. (Naut.) To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the shore; to stand for the harbor. From the same parts of heaven his navy stands. Dryden. 12. To offer one's self, or to be offered, as a candidate. He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university. Walton. 13. To stagnate; not to flow; to be motionless. Or the black water of Pomptina stands. Dryden. 14. To measure when erect on the feet. Six feet two, as I think, he stands. Tennyson. 15. (Law) (a) To be or remain as it is; to continue in force; to have efficacy or validity; to abide. Bouvier. (b) To appear in court. Burrill. Stand by (Naut.), a preparatory order, equivalent to Be ready. -- To stand against, to opposite; to resist. -- To stand by. (a) To be near; to be a spectator; to be present. (b) To be aside; to be aside with disregard. \"In the interim [we] let the commands stand by neglected.\" Dr. H. More. (c) To maintain; to defend; to support; not to desert; as, to stand by one's principles or party. (d) To rest on for support; to be supported by. Whitgift. -- To stand corrected, to be set right, as after an error in a statement of fact. Wycherley. -- To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable. -- To stand firmly on, to be satisfied or convinced of. \"Though Page be a secure fool, and stands so firmly on his wife's frailty.\" Shak. -- To stand for. (a) To side with; to espouse the cause of; to support; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain; to defend. \"I stand wholly for you.\" Shak. (b) To be in the place of; to be the substitute or to represent; as, a cipher at the left hand of a figure stands for nothing. \"I will not trouble myself, whether these names stand for the same thing, or really include one another.\" Locke. -- To stand in, to cost. \"The same standeth them in much less cost.\" Robynson (More's Utopia). The Punic wars could not have stood the human race in less than three millions of the species. Burke. -- To stand in hand, to conduce to one's interest; to be serviceable or advantageous. -- To stand off. (a) To keep at a distance. (b) Not to comply. (c) To keep at a distance in friendship, social intercourse, or acquaintance. (d) To appear prominent; to have relief. \"Picture is best when it standeth off, as if it were carved.\" Sir H. Wotton. -- To stand off and on (Naut.), to remain near a coast by sailing toward land and then from it. -- To stand on (Naut.), to continue on the same tack or course. -- To stand out. (a) To project; to be prominent. \"Their eyes stand out with fatness.\" Psalm lxxiii. 7. (b) To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede. His spirit is come in, That so stood out against the holy church. Shak. -- To stand to. (a) To ply; to urge; to persevere in using. \"Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars.\" Dryden. (b) To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion. \"I will stand to it, that this is his sense.\" Bp. Stillingfleet. (c) To abide by; to adhere to; as to a contrast, assertion, promise, etc.; as, to stand to an award; to stand to one's word. (d) Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain, as one's ground. \"Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away.\" Bacon. (e) To be consistent with; to agree with; as, it stands to reason that he could not have done so. (f) To support; to uphold. \"Stand to me in this cause.\" Shak. -- To stand together, to be consistent; to agree. -- To stand to sea (Naut.), to direct the course from land. -- To stand under, to undergo; to withstand. Shak. -- To stand up. (a) To rise from sitting; to be on the feet. (b) To arise in order to speak or act. \"Against whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed.\" Acts xxv. 18. (c) To rise and stand on end, as the hair. (d) To put one's self in opposition; to contend. \"Once we stood up about the corn.\" Shak. -- To stand up for, to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to support; as, to stand up for the administration. -- To stand upon. (a) To concern; to interest. (b) To value; to esteem. \"We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth.\" Ray. (c) To insist on; to attach much importance to; as, to stand upon security; to stand upon ceremony. (d) To attack; to assault. [A Hebraism] \"So I stood upon him, and slew him.\" 2 Sam. i. 10. -- To stand with, to be consistent with. \"It stands with reason that they should be rewarded liberally.\" Sir J. Davies.\n\n1. To endure; to sustain; to bear; as, I can not stand the cold or the heat. 2. To resist, without yielding or receding; to withstand. \"Love stood the siege.\" Dryden. He stood the furious foe. Pope. 3. To abide by; to submit to; to suffer. Bid him disband his legions, . . . And stand the judgment of a Roman senate. Addison. 4. To set upright; to cause to stand; as, to stand a book on the shelf; to stand a man on his feet. 5. To be at the expense of; to pay for; as, to stand a treat. [Colloq.] Tackeray. To stand fire, to receive the fire of arms from an enemy without giving way. -- To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain one's position. \"Pleasants and burghers, however brave, are unable to stand their ground against veteran soldiers.\" Macaulay. -- To stand trial, to sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.\n\n1. The act of standing. I took my stand upon an eminence . . . to look into thier several ladings. Spectator. 2. A halt or stop for the purpose of defense, resistance, or opposition; as, to come to, or to make, a stand. Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow. Dryden. 3. A place or post where one stands; a place where one may stand while observing or waiting for something. I have found you out a stand most fit, Where you may have such vantage on the duke, He shall not pass you. Shak. 4. A station in a city or town where carriages or wagons stand for hire; as, a cab stand. Dickens. 5. A raised platform or station where a race or other outdoor spectacle may be viewed; as, the judge's or the grand stand at a race course. 6. A small table; also, something on or in which anything may be laid, hung, or placed upright; as, a hat stand; an umbrella stand; a music stand. 7. A place where a witness stands to testify in court. 8. The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.; as, a good, bad, or convenient stand for business. [U. S.] 9. Rank; post; station; standing. Father, since your fortune did attain So high a stand, I mean not to descend. Daniel. 10. A state of perplexity or embarrassment; as, to be at a stand what to do. L'Estrange. 11. A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut; also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in distinction from one produced from a scion set in a stock, either of the same or another kind of tree. 12. (Com.) A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds, -- used in weighing pitch. Microscope stand, the instrument, excepting the eyepiece, objective, and other removable optical parts. -- Stand of ammunition, the projectile, cartridge, and sabot connected together. -- Stand of arms. (Mil.) See under Arms. -- Stand of colors (Mil.), a single color, or flag. Wilhelm (Mil. Dict.) -- To be at a stand, to be stationary or motionless; to be at a standstill; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed. -- To make a stand, to halt for the purpose of offering resistance to a pursuing enemy. Syn. -- Stop; halt; rest; interruption; obstruction; perplexity; difficulty; embarrassment; hesitation.", "standstill": "A standing without moving forward or backward; a stop; a state or rest.", "standstills": "A standing without moving forward or backward; a stop; a state or rest.", - "stanford": null, - "stanislavsky": null, "stank": "Weak; worn out. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nTo sigh. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\nStunk.\n\n1. Water retained by an embankment; a pool water. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Robert of Brunne. 2. A dam or mound to stop water. [Prov. Eng.] Stank hen (Zoöl.), the moor hen; -- called also stankie. [Prov. Eng.]", - "stanley": null, - "stanton": null, "stanza": "1. A number of lines or verses forming a division of a song or poem, and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines, etc., with other divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily containing every variation of measure in that poem; a combination or arrangement of lines usually recurring; whether like or unlike, in measure. Horace confines himself strictly to one sort of verse, or stanza, in every ode. Dryden. 2. (Arch.) An apartment or division in a building; a room or chamber.", "stanzas": "1. A number of lines or verses forming a division of a song or poem, and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines, etc., with other divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily containing every variation of measure in that poem; a combination or arrangement of lines usually recurring; whether like or unlike, in measure. Horace confines himself strictly to one sort of verse, or stanza, in every ode. Dryden. 2. (Arch.) An apartment or division in a building; a room or chamber.", "staph": null, @@ -74015,7 +65427,6 @@ "stapling": null, "star": "1. One of the innumerable luminous bodies seen in the heavens; any heavenly body other than the sun, moon, comets, and nebulæ. His eyen twinkled in his head aright, As do the stars in the frosty night. Chaucer. Note: The stars are distinguished as planets, and fixed stars. See Planet, Fixed stars under Fixed, and Magnitude of a star under Magnitude. 2. The polestar; the north star. Shak. 3. (Astrol.) A planet supposed to influence one's destiny; (usually pl.) a configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune. O malignant and ill-brooding stars. Shak. Blesses his stars, and thinks it luxury. Addison. 4. That which resembles the figure of a star, as an ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honor. On whom . . . Lavish Honor showered all her stars. Tennyson. 5. Specifically, a radiated mark in writing or printing; an asterisk [thus, *]; -- used as a reference to a note, or to fill a blank where something is omitted, etc. 6. (Pyrotechny) A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding of a air, presents a starlike appearance. 7. A person of brilliant and attractive qualities, especially on public occasions, as a distinguished orator, a leading theatrical performer, etc. Note: Star is used in the formation of compound words generally or obvious signification: as, star-aspiring, star-bespangled, star- bestudded, star-blasting, star-bright, star-crowned, star-directed, star-eyed, star-headed, star-paved, star-roofed; star-sprinkled, star-wreathed. Blazing star, Double star, Multiple star, Shooting star, etc. See under Blazing, Double, etc. -- Nebulous star (Astron.), a small well-defined circular nebula, having a bright nucleus at its center like a star. -- Star anise (Bot.), any plant of the genus Illicium; -- so called from its star-shaped capsules. -- Star apple (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Chrysophyllum Cainito), having a milky juice and oblong leaves with a silky-golden pubescence beneath. It bears an applelike fruit, the carpels of which present a starlike figure when cut across. The name is extended to the whole genus of about sixty species, and the natural order (Sapotaceæ) to which it belongs is called the Star-apple family. -- Star conner, one who cons, or studies, the stars; an astronomer or an astrologer. Gascoigne. -- Star coral (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of stony corals belonging to Astræa, Orbicella, and allied genera, in which the calicles are round or polygonal and contain conspicuous radiating septa. -- Star cucumber. (Bot.) See under Cucumber. -- Star flower. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Ornithogalum; star- of-Bethlehem. (b) See Starwort (b). (c) An American plant of the genus Trientalis (Trientalis Americana). Gray. -- Star fort (Fort.), a fort surrounded on the exterior with projecting angles; -- whence the name. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), a long rod, with adjustable points projecting radially at its end, for measuring the size of different parts of the bore of a gun. -- Star grass. (Bot.) (a) A small grasslike plant (Hypoxis erecta) having star-shaped yellow flowers. (b) The colicroot. See Colicroot. -- Star hyacinth (Bot.), a bulbous plant of the genus Scilla (S. autumnalis); -- called also star-headed hyacinth. -- Star jelly (Bot.), any one of several gelatinous plants (Nostoc commune, N. edule, etc.). See Nostoc. -- Star lizard. (Zoöl.) Same as Stellion. -- Star-of-Bethlehem (Bot.), a bulbous liliaceous plant (Ornithogalum umbellatum) having a small white starlike flower. -- Star-of-the-earth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Plantago (P. coronopus), growing upon the seashore. -- Star polygon (Geom.), a polygon whose sides cut each other so as to form a star-shaped figure. -- Stars and Stripes, a popular name for the flag of the United States, which consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, alternately red and white, and a union having, in a blue field, white stars to represent the several States, one for each. With the old flag, the true American flag, the Eagle, and the Stars and Stripes, waving over the chamber in which we sit. D. Webster. -- Star showers. See Shooting star, under Shooting. -- Star thistle (Bot.), an annual composite plant (Centaurea solstitialis) having the involucre armed with radiating spines. -- Star wheel (Mach.), a star-shaped disk, used as a kind of ratchet wheel, in repeating watches and the feed motions of some machines. -- Star worm (Zoöl.), a gephyrean. -- Temporary star (Astron.), a star which appears suddenly, shines for a period, and then nearly or quite disappears. These stars are supposed by some astronometers to be variable stars of long and undetermined periods. -- Variable star (Astron.), a star whose brilliancy varies periodically, generally with regularity, but sometimes irregularly; - - called periodical star when its changes occur at fixed periods. -- Water star grass (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Schollera graminea) with small yellow starlike blossoms.\n\nTo set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating bodies; to bespangle; as, a robe starred with gems. \"A sable curtain starred with gold.\" Young.\n\nTo be bright, or attract attention, as a star; to shine like a star; to be brilliant or prominent; to play a part as a theatrical star. W. Irving.", "starboard": "That side of a vessel which is one of the right hand of a person who stands on board facing the bow; -- opposed to Ant: larboard, or Ant: port.\n\nPertaining to the right-hand side of a ship; being or lying on the right side; as, the starboard quarter; starboard tack.\n\nTo put to the right, or starboard, side of a vessel; as, to starboard the helm.", - "starbucks": null, "starburst": null, "starbursts": null, "starch": "Stiff; precise; rigid. [R.] Killingbeck.\n\n1. (Chem.) A widely diffused vegetable substance found especially in seeds, bulbs, and tubers, and extracted (as from potatoes, corn, rice, etc.) as a white, glistening, granular or powdery substance, without taste or smell, and giving a very peculiar creaking sound when rubbed between the fingers. It is used as a food, in the production of commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in laundries, in making paste, etc. Note: Starch is a carbohydrate, being the typical amylose, C6H10O5, and is detected by the fine blue color given to it by free iodine. It is not fermentable as such, but is changed by diastase into dextrin and maltose, and by heating with dilute acids into dextrose. Cf. Sugar, Inulin, and Lichenin. 2. Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality. Addison. Starch hyacinth (Bot.), the grape hyacinth; -- so called because the flowers have the smell of boiled starch. See under Grape.\n\nTo stiffen with starch.", @@ -74048,7 +65459,6 @@ "starker": null, "starkers": null, "starkest": null, - "starkey": null, "starkly": "In a stark manner; stiffly; strongly. Its onward force too starky pent In figure, bone, and lineament. Emerson.", "starkness": "The quality or state of being stark.", "starless": "Being without stars; having no stars visible; as, a starless night. Milton.", @@ -74058,7 +65468,6 @@ "starling": "1. (Zoöl.) Any passerine bird belonging to Sturnus and allied genera. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is dark brown or greenish black, with a metallic gloss, and spotted with yellowish white. It is a sociable bird, and builds about houses, old towers, etc. Called also stare, and starred. The pied starling of India is Sternopastor contra. 2. (Zoöl.) A California fish; the rock trout. 3. A structure of piles driven round the piers of a bridge for protection and support; -- called also sterling. Rose-colored starling. (Zoöl.) See Pastor.", "starlings": "1. (Zoöl.) Any passerine bird belonging to Sturnus and allied genera. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is dark brown or greenish black, with a metallic gloss, and spotted with yellowish white. It is a sociable bird, and builds about houses, old towers, etc. Called also stare, and starred. The pied starling of India is Sternopastor contra. 2. (Zoöl.) A California fish; the rock trout. 3. A structure of piles driven round the piers of a bridge for protection and support; -- called also sterling. Rose-colored starling. (Zoöl.) See Pastor.", "starlit": "Lighted by the stars; starlight.", - "starr": null, "starred": "1. Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. 2. Influenced in fortune by the stars. [Obs.] My third comfort, Starred most unluckily. Shak.", "starrier": null, "starriest": null, @@ -74109,7 +65518,6 @@ "statemented": null, "statementing": null, "statements": "1. The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in paper; as, to interrupt a speaker in the statement of his case. 2. That which is stated; a formal embodiment in language of facts or opinions; a narrative; a recital. \"Admirable perspicuity of statement!\" Brougham.", - "staten": null, "stater": "One who states.\n\nThe principal gold coin of ancient Grece. It varied much in value, the stater best known at Athens being worth about £1 2s., or about $5.35. The Attic silver tetradrachm was in later times called stater.", "stateroom": "1. A magnificent room in a place or great house. 2. A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the cabin, or on the deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar apartment in a railway sleeping car.", "staterooms": "1. A magnificent room in a place or great house. 2. A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the cabin, or on the deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar apartment in a railway sleeping car.", @@ -74157,7 +65565,6 @@ "statutes": "1. An act of the legislature of a state or country, declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something; a positive law; the written will of the legislature expressed with all the requisite forms of legislation; -- used in distinction fraom common law. See Common law, under Common, a. Bouvier. Note: Statute is commonly applied to the acts of a legislative body consisting of representatives. In monarchies, legislature laws of the sovereign are called edicts, decrees, ordinances, rescripts, etc. In works on international law and in the Roman law, the term is used as embracing all laws imposed by competent authority. Statutes in this sense are divided into statutes real, statutes personal, and statutes mixed; statutes real applying to immovables; statutes personal to movables; and statutes mixed to both classes of property. 2. An act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule or law; as, the statutes of a university. 3. An assemblage of farming servants (held possibly by statute) for the purpose of being hired; -- called also statute fair. [Eng.] Cf. 3d Mop, 2. Halliwell. Statute book, a record of laws or legislative acts. Blackstone. -- Statute cap, a kind of woolen cap; -- so called because enjoined to be worn by a statute, dated in 1571, in behalf of the trade of cappers. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Statute fair. See Statute, n., 3, above. -- Statute labor, a definite amount of labor required for the public service in making roads, bridges, etc., as in certain English colonies. -- Statute merchant (Eng. Law), a bond of record pursuant to the stat. 13 Edw. I., acknowledged in form prescribed, on which, if not paid at the day, an execution might be awarded against the body, lands, and goods of the debtor, and the obligee might hold the lands until out of the rents and profits of them the debt was satisfied; -- called also a pocket judgment. It is now fallen into disuse. Tomlins. Bouvier. -- Statute mile. See under Mile. -- Statute of limitations (Law), a statute assigned a certain time, after which rights can not be enforced by action. -- Statute staple, a bond of record acknowledged before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the creditor may, on nonpayment, forthwith have execution against the body, lands, and goods of the debtor, as in the statute merchant. It is now disused. Blackstone. Syn. -- Act; regulation; edict; decree. See Law.", "statutorily": null, "statutory": "Enacted by statute; depending on statute for its authority; as, a statutory provision.", - "staubach": null, "staunch": "See Stanch, Stanchly, etc.", "staunched": null, "stauncher": null, @@ -74166,7 +65573,6 @@ "staunching": null, "staunchly": "See Stanch, Stanchly, etc.", "staunchness": "See Stanch, Stanchly, etc.", - "staunton": null, "stave": "1. One of a number of narrow strips of wood, or narrow iron plates, placed edge to edge to form the sides, covering, or lining of a vessel or structure; esp., one of the strips which form the sides of a cask, a pail, etc. 2. One of the cylindrical bars of a lantern wheel; one of the bars or rounds of a rack, a ladder, etc. 3. A metrical portion; a stanza; a staff. Let us chant a passing stave In honor of that hero brave. Wordsworth. 4. (Mus.) The five horizontal and parallel lines on and between which musical notes are written or pointed; the staff. [Obs.] Stave jointer, a machine for dressing the edges of staves.\n\n1. To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a hole in; to burst; -- often with in; as, to stave a cask; to stave in a boat. 2. To push, as with a staff; -- with off. The condition of a servant staves him off to a distance. South. 3. To delay by force or craft; to drive away; -- usually with off; as, to stave off the execution of a project. And answered with such craft as women use, Guilty or guilties, to stave off a chance That breaks upon them perilously. Tennyson. 4. To suffer, or cause, to be lost by breaking the cask. All the wine in the city has been staved. Sandys. 5. To furnish with staves or rundles. Knolles. 6. To render impervious or solid by driving with a calking iron; as, to stave lead, or the joints of pipes into which lead has been run. To stave and tail, in bear baiting, (to stave) to interpose with the staff, doubtless to stop the bear; (to tail) to hold back the dog by the tail. Nares.\n\nTo burst in pieces by striking against something; to dash into fragments. Like a vessel of glass she stove and sank. Longfellow.", "staved": null, "staves": "pl. of Staff. \"Banners, scarves and staves.\" R. Browning. Also (stavz), pl. of Stave.", @@ -74179,12 +65585,10 @@ "stays": "A large, strong rope, employed to support a mast, by being extended from the head of one mast down to some other, or to some part of the vessel. Those which lead forward are called fore-and-aft stays; those which lead to the vessel's side are called backstays. See Illust. of Ship. In stays, or Hove in stays (Naut.), in the act or situation of staying, or going about from one tack to another. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Stay holes (Naut.), openings in the edge of a staysail through which the hanks pass which join it to the stay. -- Stay tackle (Naut.), a tackle attached to a stay and used for hoisting or lowering heavy articles over the side. -- To miss stays (Naut.), to fail in the attempt to go about. Totten. -- Triatic stay (Naut.), a rope secured at the ends to the heads of the foremast and mainmast with thimbles spliced to its bight into which the stay tackles hook.\n\n1. To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to fix firmly; to hold up; to support. Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side. Ex. xvii. 12. Sallows and reeds . . . for vineyards useful found To stay thy vines. Dryden. 2. To support from sinking; to sustain with strength; to satisfy in part or for the time. He has devoured a whole loaf of bread and butter, and it has not staid his stomach for a minute. Sir W. Scott. 3. To bear up under; to endure; to support; to resist successfully. She will not stay the siege of loving terms, Nor bide the encounter of assailing eyes. Shak. 4. To hold from proceeding; to withhold; to restrain; to stop; to hold. Him backward overthrew and down him stayed With their rude hands grisly grapplement. Spenser. All that may stay their minds from thinking that true which they heartly wish were false. Hooker. 5. To hinde Your ships are stayed at Venice. Shak. This business staid me in London almost a week. Evelyn. I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that appeared to me new. Locke. 6. To remain for the purpose of; to wait for. \"I stay dinner there.\" Shak. 7. To cause to cease; to put an end to. Stay your strife. Shak. For flattering planets seemed to say This child should ills of ages stay. Emerson. 8. (Engin.) To fasten or secure with stays; as, to stay a flat sheet in a steam boiler. 9. (Naut.) To tack, as a vessel, so that the other side of the vessel shall be presented to the wind. To stay a mast (Naut.), to incline it forward or aft, or to one side, by the stays and backstays.\n\n1. To remain; to continue in a place; to abide fixed for a space of time; to stop; to stand still. She would command the hasty sun to stay. Spenser. Stay, I command you; stay and hear me first. Dryden. I stay a little longer, as one stays To cover up the embers that still burn. Longfellow. 2. To continue in a state. The flames augment, and stay At their full height, then languish to decay. Dryden. 3. To wait; to attend; to forbear to act. I'll tell thee all my whole device When I am in my coach, which stays for us. Shak. The father can not stay any longer for the fortune. Locke. 4. To dwell; to tarry; to linger. I must stay a little on one action. Dryden. 5. To rest; to depend; to rely; to stand; to insist. I stay here on my bond. Shak. Ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon. Isa. xxx. 12. 6. To come to an end; to cease; as, that day the storm stayed. [Archaic] Here my commission stays. Shak. 7. To hold out in a race or other contest; as, a horse stays well. [Colloq.] 8. (Naut.) To change tack; as a ship.\n\n1. That which serves as a prop; a support. \"My only strength and stay.\" Milton. Trees serve as so many stays for their vines. Addison. Lord Liverpool is the single stay of this ministry. Coleridge. 2. pl. A corset stiffened with whalebone or other material, worn by women, and rarely by men. How the strait stays the slender waist constrain. Gay. 3. Continuance in a place; abode for a space of time; sojourn; as, you make a short stay in this city. Make haste, and leave thy business and thy care; No mortal interest can be worth thy stay. Dryden. Embrace the hero and his stay implore. Waller. 4. Cessation of motion or progression; stand; stop. Made of sphere metal, never to decay Until his revolution was at stay. Milton. Affairs of state seemed rather to stand at a stay. Hayward. 5. Hindrance; let; check. [Obs.] They were able to read good authors without any stay, if the book were not false. Robynson (more's Utopia). 6. Restraint of passion; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety. [Obs.] \"Not grudging that thy lust hath bounds and stays.\" Herbert. The wisdom, stay, and moderation of the king. Bacon. With prudent stay he long deferred The rough contention. Philips. 7. (Engin.) Strictly, a part in tension to hold the parts together, or stiffen them. Stay bolt (Mech.), a bolt or short rod, connecting opposite plates, so as to prevent them from being bulged out when acted upon by a pressure which tends to force them apart, as in the leg of a steam boiler. -- Stay busk, a stiff piece of wood, steel, or whalebone, for the front support of a woman's stays. Cf. Busk. -- Stay rod, a rod which acts as a stay, particularly in a steam boiler.", "std": null, "stdio": null, - "ste": null, "stead": "1. Place, or spot, in general. [Obs., except in composition.] Chaucer. Fly, therefore, fly this fearful stead anon. Spenser. 2. Place or room which another had, has, or might have. \"Stewards of your steads.\" Piers Plowman. In stead of bounds, he a pillar set. Chaucer. 3. A frame on which a bed is laid; a bedstead. [R.] The genial bed, Sallow the feet, the borders, and the stead. Dryden. 4. A farmhouse and offices. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Note: The word is now commonly used as the last part of a compound; as, farmstead, homestead, readstead, etc. In stead of, in place of. See Instead. -- To stand in stead, or To do stead, to be of use or great advantage. The smallest act . . . shall stand us in great stead. Atterbury. Here thy sword can do thee little stead. Milton.\n\n1. To help; to support; to benefit; to assist. Perhaps my succour or advisement meet, Mote stead you much your purpose to subdue. Spenser. It nothing steads us To chide him from our eaves. Shak. 2. To fill place of. [Obs.] Shak.", "steadfast": "1. Firmly fixed or established; fast fixed; firm. \"This steadfast globe of earth.\" Spenser. 2. Not fickle or wavering; constant; firm; resolute; unswerving; steady. \"Steadfast eye.\" Shak. Abide steadfast unto him [thy neighbor] in the time of his trouble. Ecclus. xxii. 23. Whom resist steadfast in the faith. 1 Pet. v. 9.", "steadfastly": "In a steadfast manner; firmly. Steadfast believe that whatever God has revealed is infallibly true. Wake.", "steadfastness": "The quality or state of being steadfast; firmness; fixedness; constancy. \"The steadfastness of your faith.\" Col. ii. 5. To prove her wifehood and her steadfastness. Chaucer.", - "steadicam": null, "steadied": null, "steadier": null, "steadies": null, @@ -74236,7 +65640,6 @@ "steed": "A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. \"A knight upon a steed.\" Chaucer. Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed. Shak.", "steeds": "A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. \"A knight upon a steed.\" Chaucer. Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed. Shak.", "steel": "1. (Metal) A variety of iron intermediate in composition and properties between wrought iron and cast iron (containing between one half of one per cent and one and a half per cent of carbon), and consisting of an alloy of iron with an iron carbide. Steel, unlike wrought iron, can be tempered, and retains magnetism. Its malleability decreases, and fusibility increases, with an increase in carbon. 2. An instrument or implement made of steel; as: -- (a) A weapon, as a sword, dagger, etc. \"Brave Macbeth . . . with his brandished steel.\" Shak. While doubting thus he stood, Received the steel bathed in his brother's blood. Dryden. (b) An instrument of steel (usually a round rod) for sharpening knives. (c) A piece of steel for striking sparks from flint. 3. Fig.: Anything of extreme hardness; that which is characterized by sternness or rigor. \"Heads of steel.\" Johnson. \"Manhood's heart of steel.\" Byron. 4. (Med.) A chalybeate medicine. Dunglison. Note: Steel is often used in the formation of compounds, generally of obvious meaning; as, steel-clad, steel-girt, steel-hearted, steel- plated, steel-pointed, etc. Bessemer steel (Metal.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Blister steel. (Metal.) See under Blister. -- Cast steel (Metal.), a fine variety of steel, originally made by smelting blister or cementation steel; hence, ordinarily, steel of any process of production when remelted and cast. -- Cromium steel (Metal.), a hard, tenacious variety containing a little cromium, and somewhat resembling tungsten steel. -- Mild steel (Metal.), a kind of steel having a lower proportion of carbon than ordinary steel, rendering it softer and more malleable. -- Puddled steel (Metal.), a variety of steel produced from cast iron by the puddling process. -- Steel duck (Zoöl.), the goosander, or merganser. [Prov. Eng.] -- Steel mill. (a) (Firearms) See Wheel lock, under Wheel. (b) A mill which has steel grinding surfaces. (c) A mill where steel is manufactured. -- Steel trap, a trap for catching wild animals. It consists of two iron jaws, which close by means of a powerful steel spring when the animal disturbs the catch, or tongue, by which they are kept open. -- Steel wine, wine, usually sherry, in which steel filings have been placed for a considerable time, -- used as a medicine. -- Tincture of steel (Med.), an alcoholic solution of the chloride of iron. -- Tungsten steel (Metal.), a variety of steel containing a small amount of tungsten, and noted for its tenacity and hardness, as well as for its malleability and tempering qualities. It is also noted for its magnetic properties.\n\n1. To overlay, point, or edge with steel; as, to steel a razor; to steel an ax. 2. To make hard or strong; hence, to make insensible or obdurate. Lies well steeled with weighty arguments. Shak. O God of battles! steel my soldier's hearts. Shak. Why will you fight against so sweet a passion, And steel your heart to such a world of charms Addison. 3. Fig.: To cause to resemble steel, as in smoothness, polish, or other qualities. These waters, steeled By breezeless air to smoothest polish. Wordsworth. 4. (Elec.) To cover, as an electrotype plate, with a thin layer of iron by electrolysis. The iron thus deposited is very hard, like steel.", - "steele": null, "steeled": null, "steelier": null, "steeliest": null, @@ -74277,19 +65680,11 @@ "steers": "A young male of the ox kind; especially, a common ox; a castrated taurine male from two to four years old. See the Note under Ox.\n\nTo castrate; -- said of male calves.\n\nTo direct the course of; to guide; to govern; -- applied especially to a vessel in the water. That with a staff his feeble steps did steer. Spenser.\n\n1. To direct a vessel in its course; to direct one's course. \"No helmsman steers.\" Tennyson. 2. To be directed and governed; to take a direction, or course; to obey the helm; as, the boat steers easily. Where the wind Veers oft, as oft [a ship] so steers, and shifts her sail. Milton. 3. To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course of action.\n\nA rudder or helm. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA helmsman, a pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "steersman": "One who steers; the helmsman of a vessel. Milton.", "steersmen": null, - "stefan": null, - "stefanie": null, "stegosauri": null, "stegosaurus": "A genus of large Jurassic dinosaurs remarkable for a powerful dermal armature of plates and spines.", "stegosauruses": null, "stein": "See Steen.", - "steinbeck": null, - "steinem": null, - "steiner": null, - "steinmetz": null, "steins": "See Steen.", - "steinway": null, - "stella": null, "stellar": "1. Of or pertaining to stars; astral; as, a stellar figure; stellary orbs. [These soft fires] in part shed down Their stellar virtue. Milton. 2. Full of stars; starry; as, stellar regions.", "stem": "To gleam. [Obs.] His head bald, that shone as any glass, . . . [And] stemed as a furnace of a leed [caldron]. Chaucer.\n\nA gleam of light; flame. [Obs.]\n\n1. The principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant, of any kind; the main stock; the part which supports the branches or the head or top. After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem. Sir W. Raleigh. The lowering spring, with lavish rain, Beats down the slender stem and breaded grain. Dryden. 2. A little branch which connects a fruit, flower, or leaf with a main branch; a peduncle, pedicel, or petiole; as, the stem of an apple or a cherry. 3. The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors. \"All that are of noble stem.\" Milton. While I do pray, learn here thy stem And true descent. Herbert. 4. A branch of a family. This is a stem Of that victorious stock. Shak. 5. (Naut.) A curved piece of timber to which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore end. The lower end of it is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests upon its upper end. Hence, the forward part of a vessel; the bow. 6. Fig.: An advanced or leading position; the lookout. Wolsey sat at the stem more than twenty years. Fuller. 7. Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a tobacco pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to which the ring, by which it is suspended, is attached. 8. (Bot.) That part of a plant which bears leaves, or rudiments of leaves, whether rising above ground or wholly subterranean. 9. (Zoöl.) (a) The entire central axis of a feather. (b) The basal portion of the body of one of the Pennatulacea, or of a gorgonian. 10. (Mus.) The short perpendicular line added to the body of a note; the tail of a crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, etc. 11. (Gram.) The part of an inflected word which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) throughout a given inflection; theme; base. From stem to stern (Naut.), from one end of the ship to the other, or through the whole length. -- Stem leaf (Bot.), a leaf growing from the stem of a plant, as contrasted with a basal or radical leaf.\n\n1. To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to remove the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; as, to stem tobacco leaves. 2. To ram, as clay, into a blasting hole.\n\nTo oppose or cut with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to resist, or make progress against; to stop or check the flow of, as a current. \"An argosy to stem the waves.\" Shak. [They] stem the flood with their erected breasts. Denham. Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.\n\nTo move forward against an obstacle, as a vessel against a current. Stemming nightly toward the pole. Milton.", "stemless": "Having no stem; (Bot.) acaulescent.", @@ -74303,8 +65698,6 @@ "stenciled": null, "stenciling": null, "stencils": "A thin plate of metal, leather, or other material, used in painting, marking, etc. The pattern is cut out of the plate, which is then laid flat on the surface to be marked, and the color brushed over it. Called also stencil plate.\n\nTo mark, paint, or color in figures with stencils; to form or print by means of a stencil.", - "stendhal": null, - "stengel": null, "steno": null, "stenographer": "One who is skilled in stenography; a writer of shorthand.", "stenographers": "One who is skilled in stenography; a writer of shorthand.", @@ -74326,11 +65719,6 @@ "stepdaughters": "A daughter of one's wife or husband by a former marriage.", "stepfather": "The husband of one's mother by a subsequent marriage.", "stepfathers": "The husband of one's mother by a subsequent marriage.", - "stephan": null, - "stephanie": null, - "stephen": null, - "stephens": null, - "stephenson": null, "stepladder": "A portable set of steps.", "stepladders": "A portable set of steps.", "stepmom": null, @@ -74375,12 +65763,10 @@ "sterilizing": null, "sterling": "Same as Starling, 3.\n\n1. Any English coin of standard value; coined money. So that ye offer nobles or sterlings. Chaucer. And Roman wealth in English sterling view. Arbuthnot. 2. A certain standard of quality or value for money. Sterling was the known and approved standard in England, in all probability, from the beginning of King Henry the Second's reign. S. M. Leake.\n\n1. Belonging to, or relating to, the standard British money of account, or the British coinage; as, a pound sterling; a shilling sterling; a penny sterling; -- now chiefly applied to the lawful money of England; but sterling cost, sterling value, are used. \"With sterling money.\" Shak. 2. Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; conforming to the highest standard; of full value; as, a work of sterling merit; a man of sterling good sense.", "stern": "The black tern.\n\nHaving a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a sternresolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree. The sterne wind so loud gan to rout. Chaucer. I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak. When that the poor have cried, Cæsar hath wept; Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Shak. Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard. Dryden. These barren rocks, your stern inheritance. Wordsworth. Syn. -- Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind; hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.\n\n1. The helm or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Naut.) The after or rear end of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem, or prow. 3. Fig.: The post of management or direction. And sit chiefest stern of public weal. Shak. 4. The hinder part of anything. Spenser. 5. The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the tail of a dog. By the stern. (Naut.) See By the head, under By.\n\nBeing in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits. Stern board (Naut.), a going or falling astern; a loss of way in making a tack; as, to make a stern board. See Board, n., 8 (b). -- Stern chase. (Naut.) (a) See under Chase, n. (b) A stern chaser. -- Stern chaser (Naut.), a cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit. -- Stern fast (Naut.), a rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel, as to a wharf or buoy. -- Stern frame (Naut.), the framework of timber forms the stern of a ship. -- Stern knee. See Sternson. -- Stern port (Naut.), a port, or opening, in the stern of a ship. -- Stern sheets (Naut.), that part of an open boat which is between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, -- usually furnished with seats for passengers. -- Stern wheel, a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the steamboat which it propels.stern wheeler.", - "sterne": null, "sterner": "A director. [Obs. & R.] Dr. R. Clerke.", "sternest": null, "sternly": "In a stern manner.", "sternness": "The quality or state of being stern.", - "sterno": null, "sterns": "The black tern.\n\nHaving a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a sternresolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree. The sterne wind so loud gan to rout. Chaucer. I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak. When that the poor have cried, Cæsar hath wept; Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Shak. Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard. Dryden. These barren rocks, your stern inheritance. Wordsworth. Syn. -- Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind; hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.\n\n1. The helm or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Naut.) The after or rear end of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem, or prow. 3. Fig.: The post of management or direction. And sit chiefest stern of public weal. Shak. 4. The hinder part of anything. Spenser. 5. The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the tail of a dog. By the stern. (Naut.) See By the head, under By.\n\nBeing in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits. Stern board (Naut.), a going or falling astern; a loss of way in making a tack; as, to make a stern board. See Board, n., 8 (b). -- Stern chase. (Naut.) (a) See under Chase, n. (b) A stern chaser. -- Stern chaser (Naut.), a cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit. -- Stern fast (Naut.), a rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel, as to a wharf or buoy. -- Stern frame (Naut.), the framework of timber forms the stern of a ship. -- Stern knee. See Sternson. -- Stern port (Naut.), a port, or opening, in the stern of a ship. -- Stern sheets (Naut.), that part of an open boat which is between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, -- usually furnished with seats for passengers. -- Stern wheel, a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the steamboat which it propels.stern wheeler.", "sternum": "1. (Anat.) A plate of cartilage, or a series of bony or cartilaginous plates or segments, in the median line of the pectoral skeleton of most vertebrates above fishes; the breastbone. Note: The sternum is connected with the ribs or the pectorial girdle, or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad anteriorly, narrowed behind, and connected with the clavicles and the cartilages of the seven anterior pairs of ribs. In most birds it has a high median keel for the attachment of the muscles of the wings. 2. (Zoöl.) The ventral part of any one of the somites of an arthropod.", "sternums": "1. (Anat.) A plate of cartilage, or a series of bony or cartilaginous plates or segments, in the median line of the pectoral skeleton of most vertebrates above fishes; the breastbone. Note: The sternum is connected with the ribs or the pectorial girdle, or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad anteriorly, narrowed behind, and connected with the clavicles and the cartilages of the seven anterior pairs of ribs. In most birds it has a high median keel for the attachment of the muscles of the wings. 2. (Zoöl.) The ventral part of any one of the somites of an arthropod.", @@ -74396,15 +65782,8 @@ "stetsons": null, "stetted": null, "stetting": null, - "steuben": null, - "steubenville": null, - "steve": "To pack or stow, as cargo in a ship's hold. See Steeve.", "stevedore": "One whose occupation is to load and unload vessels in port; one who stows a cargo in a hold.", "stevedores": "One whose occupation is to load and unload vessels in port; one who stows a cargo in a hold.", - "steven": "1. Voice; speech; language. [Obs. or Scot.] Ye have as merry a steven As any angel hath that is in heaven. Chaucer. 2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. [Obs.] Spenser. To set steven, to make an appointment. [Obs.] They setten steven for to meet To playen at the dice. Chaucer.", - "stevens": "1. Voice; speech; language. [Obs. or Scot.] Ye have as merry a steven As any angel hath that is in heaven. Chaucer. 2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. [Obs.] Spenser. To set steven, to make an appointment. [Obs.] They setten steven for to meet To playen at the dice. Chaucer.", - "stevenson": null, - "stevie": null, "stew": "1. A small pond or pool where fish are kept for the table; a vivarium. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Evelyn. 2. An artificial bed of oysters. [Local, U.S.]\n\nTo boil slowly, or with the simmering or moderate heat; to seethe; to cook in a little liquid, over a gentle fire, without boiling; as, to stew meat; to stew oysters; to stew apples.\n\nTo be seethed or cooked in a slow, gentle manner, or in heat and moisture.\n\n1. A place of stewing or seething; a place where hot bathes are furnished; a hothouse. [Obs.] As burning Ætna from his boiling stew Doth belch out flames. Spenser. The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give themselves to baths and stews. Abp. Abbot. 2. A brothel; -- usually in the plural. Bacon. South. There be that hate harlots, and never were at the stews. Aschman. 3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Sir A. Weldon. 4. A dish prepared by stewing; as, a stewof pigeons. 5. A state of agitating excitement; a state of worry; confusion; as, to be in a stew. [Colloq.]", "steward": "1. A man employed in a large family, or on a large estate, to manage the domestic concerns, supervise other servants, collect the rents or income, keep accounts, and the like. Worthy to be stewards of rent and land. Chaucer. They came near to the steward of Joseph's house. Gen. xliii. 19. As good stewards of the manifold grace of God. 1 Pet. iv. 10. 2. A person employed in a hotel, or a club, or on board a ship, to provide for the table, superintend the culinary affairs, etc. In naval vessels, the captain's steward, wardroom steward, steerage steward, warrant officers steward, etc., are petty officers who provide for the messes under their charge. 3. A fiscal agent of certain bodies; as, a steward in a Methodist church. 4. In some colleges, an officer who provides food for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the accounts of the students. 5. In Scotland, a magistrate appointed by the crown to exercise jurisdiction over royal lands. Erskine. Lord high steward, formerly, the first officer of the crown; afterward, an officer occasionally appointed, as for a coronation, or upon the trial of a peer. [Eng.]\n\nTo manage as a steward. [Obs.]", "stewarded": null, @@ -74413,7 +65792,6 @@ "stewarding": null, "stewards": "1. A man employed in a large family, or on a large estate, to manage the domestic concerns, supervise other servants, collect the rents or income, keep accounts, and the like. Worthy to be stewards of rent and land. Chaucer. They came near to the steward of Joseph's house. Gen. xliii. 19. As good stewards of the manifold grace of God. 1 Pet. iv. 10. 2. A person employed in a hotel, or a club, or on board a ship, to provide for the table, superintend the culinary affairs, etc. In naval vessels, the captain's steward, wardroom steward, steerage steward, warrant officers steward, etc., are petty officers who provide for the messes under their charge. 3. A fiscal agent of certain bodies; as, a steward in a Methodist church. 4. In some colleges, an officer who provides food for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the accounts of the students. 5. In Scotland, a magistrate appointed by the crown to exercise jurisdiction over royal lands. Erskine. Lord high steward, formerly, the first officer of the crown; afterward, an officer occasionally appointed, as for a coronation, or upon the trial of a peer. [Eng.]\n\nTo manage as a steward. [Obs.]", "stewardship": "The office of a steward. Shak.", - "stewart": null, "stewed": null, "stewing": null, "stews": "1. A small pond or pool where fish are kept for the table; a vivarium. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Evelyn. 2. An artificial bed of oysters. [Local, U.S.]\n\nTo boil slowly, or with the simmering or moderate heat; to seethe; to cook in a little liquid, over a gentle fire, without boiling; as, to stew meat; to stew oysters; to stew apples.\n\nTo be seethed or cooked in a slow, gentle manner, or in heat and moisture.\n\n1. A place of stewing or seething; a place where hot bathes are furnished; a hothouse. [Obs.] As burning Ætna from his boiling stew Doth belch out flames. Spenser. The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give themselves to baths and stews. Abp. Abbot. 2. A brothel; -- usually in the plural. Bacon. South. There be that hate harlots, and never were at the stews. Aschman. 3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Sir A. Weldon. 4. A dish prepared by stewing; as, a stewof pigeons. 5. A state of agitating excitement; a state of worry; confusion; as, to be in a stew. [Colloq.]", @@ -74436,7 +65814,6 @@ "stickup": null, "stickups": null, "sticky": "Having the quality of sticking to a surface; adhesive; gluey; viscous; viscid; glutinous; tenacious. Herbs which last longest are those of strong smell, and with a sticky stalk. Bacon.", - "stieglitz": null, "sties": null, "stiff": "1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not limber or flaccid; rigid; firm; as, stiff wood, paper, joints. [They] rising on stiff pennons, tower The mid aërial sky. Milton. 2. Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious; inspissated; neither soft nor hard; as, the paste is stiff. 3. Firm; strong; violent; difficult to oppose; as, a stiff gale or breeze. 4. Not easily subdued; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate; pertinacious; as, a stiff adversary. It is a shame to stand stiff in a foolish argument. Jer. Taylor. A war ensues: the Cretans own their cause, Stiff to defend their hospitable laws. Dryden. 5. Not natural and easy; formal; constrained; affected; starched; as, stiff behavior; a stiff style. The French are open, familiar, and talkative; the Italians stiff, ceremonious, and reserved. Addison. 6. Harsh; disagreeable; severe; hard to bear. [Obs. or Colloq.] \"This is stiff news.\" Shak. 7. (Naut.) Bearing a press of canvas without careening much; as, a stiff vessel; -- opposed to crank. Totten. 8. Very large, strong, or costly; powerful; as, a stiff charge; a stiff price. [Slang] Stiff neck, a condition of the neck such that the head can not be moved without difficulty and pain. Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; strong; hardly; stubborn; obstinate; pertinacious; harsh; formal; constrained; affected; starched; rigorous.", "stiffed": null, @@ -74484,10 +65861,7 @@ "stilt": "1. A pole, or piece of wood, constructed with a step or loop to raise the foot above the ground in walking. It is sometimes lashed to the leg, and sometimes prolonged upward so as to be steadied by the hand or arm. Ambition is but avarice on stilts, and masked. Landor. 2. A crutch; also, the handle of a plow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. (Zoöl.) Any species of limicoline birds belonging to Himantopus and allied genera, in which the legs are remarkably long and slender. Called also longshanks, stiltbird, stilt plover, and lawyer. Note: The American species (Himantopus Mexicanus) is well known. The European and Asiatic stilt (H. candidus) is usually white, except the wings and interscapulars, which are greenish black. The white-headed stilt (H. leucocephalus) and the banded stilt (Cladorhynchus pectoralis) are found in Australia. Stilt plover (Zoöl.), the stilt. -- Stilt sandpiper (Zoöl.), an American sandpiper (Micropalama himantopus) having long legs. The bill is somewhat expanded at the tip.\n\nTo raise on stilts, or as if on stilts.", "stilted": "Elevated as if on stilts; hence, pompous; bombastic; as, a stilted style; stilted declamation. Stilted arch (Arch.), an arch in which the springing line is some distance above the impost, the space between being occupied by a vertical member, molded or ornamented, as a continuation of the archivolt, intrados, etc.", "stiltedly": null, - "stilton": "A peculiarly flavored unpressed cheese made from milk with cream added; -- so called from the village or parish of Stilton, England, where it was originally made. It is very rich in fat. Thus, in the outset he was gastronomic; discussed the dinner from the soup to the stilton. C. Lever.", - "stiltons": "A peculiarly flavored unpressed cheese made from milk with cream added; -- so called from the village or parish of Stilton, England, where it was originally made. It is very rich in fat. Thus, in the outset he was gastronomic; discussed the dinner from the soup to the stilton. C. Lever.", "stilts": "1. A pole, or piece of wood, constructed with a step or loop to raise the foot above the ground in walking. It is sometimes lashed to the leg, and sometimes prolonged upward so as to be steadied by the hand or arm. Ambition is but avarice on stilts, and masked. Landor. 2. A crutch; also, the handle of a plow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. (Zoöl.) Any species of limicoline birds belonging to Himantopus and allied genera, in which the legs are remarkably long and slender. Called also longshanks, stiltbird, stilt plover, and lawyer. Note: The American species (Himantopus Mexicanus) is well known. The European and Asiatic stilt (H. candidus) is usually white, except the wings and interscapulars, which are greenish black. The white-headed stilt (H. leucocephalus) and the banded stilt (Cladorhynchus pectoralis) are found in Australia. Stilt plover (Zoöl.), the stilt. -- Stilt sandpiper (Zoöl.), an American sandpiper (Micropalama himantopus) having long legs. The bill is somewhat expanded at the tip.\n\nTo raise on stilts, or as if on stilts.", - "stimson": null, "stimulant": "1. Serving to stimulate. 2. (Physiol.) Produced increased vital action in the organism, or in any of its parts.\n\n1. That which stimulates, provokes, or excites. His feelings had been exasperated by the constant application of stimulants. Macaulay. 2. (Physiol. & Med.) An agent which produces a temporary increase of vital activity in the organism, or in any of its parts; -- sometimes used without qualification to signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.", "stimulants": "1. Serving to stimulate. 2. (Physiol.) Produced increased vital action in the organism, or in any of its parts.\n\n1. That which stimulates, provokes, or excites. His feelings had been exasperated by the constant application of stimulants. Macaulay. 2. (Physiol. & Med.) An agent which produces a temporary increase of vital activity in the organism, or in any of its parts; -- sometimes used without qualification to signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.", "stimulate": "1. To excite as if with a goad; to excite, rouse, or animate, to action or more vigorous exertion by some pungent motive or by persuasion; as, to stimulate one by the hope of reward, or by the prospect of glory. To excite and stimulate us thereunto. Dr. J. Scott. 2. (Physiol.) To excite; to irritate; especially, to excite the activity of (a nerve or an irritable muscle), as by electricity. Syn. -- To animate; incite; encourage; impel; urge; instigate; irritate; exasperate; incense.", @@ -74498,7 +65872,6 @@ "stimulative": "Having the quality of stimulating. -- n. That which stimulates.", "stimuli": null, "stimulus": "1. A goad; hence, something that rouses the mind or spirits; an incentive; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labor and action. 2. That which excites or produces a temporary increase of vital action, either in the whole organism or in any of its parts; especially (Physiol.), any substance or agent capable of evoking the activity of a nerve or irritable muscle, or capable of producing an impression upon a sensory organ or more particularly upon its specific end organ. Note: Of the stimuli applied to the sensory apparatus, physiologists distinguish two kinds: (a) Homologous stimuli, which act only upon the end organ, and for whose action the sense organs are especially adapted, as the rods and cones of the retina for the vibrations of the either. (b) Heterologous stimuli, which are mechanical, chemical, electrical, etc., and act upon the nervous elements of the sensory apparatus along their entire course, producing, for example, the flash of light beheld when the eye is struck. Landois & Stirling.", - "stine": null, "sting": "1. (Zoöl.) Any sharp organ of offense and defense, especially when connected with a poison gland, and adapted to inflict a wound by piercing; as the caudal sting of a scorpion. The sting of a bee or wasp is a modified ovipositor. The caudal sting, or spine, of a sting ray is a modified dorsal fin ray. The term is sometimes applied to the fang of a serpent. See Illust. of Scorpion. 2. (Bot.) A sharp-pointed hollow hair seated on a gland which secrets an acrid fluid, as in nettles. The points of these hairs usually break off in the wound, and the acrid fluid is pressed into it. 3. Anything that gives acute pain, bodily or mental; as, the stings of remorse; the stings of reproach. The sting of death is sin. 1 Cor. xv. 56. 4. The thrust of a sting into the flesh; the act of stinging; a wound inflicted by stinging. \"The lurking serpent's mortal sting.\" Shak. 5. A goad; incitement. Shak. 6. The point of an epigram or other sarcastic saying. Sting moth (Zoöl.), an Australian moth (Doratifera vulnerans) whose larva is armed, at each end of the body, with four tubercles bearing powerful stinging organs. -- Sting ray. (Zoöl.) See under 6th Ray. -- Sting winkle (Zoöl.), a spinose marine univalve shell of the genus Murex, as the European species (Murex erinaceus). See Illust. of Murex.\n\n1. To pierce or wound with a sting; as, bees will sting an animal that irritates them; the nettles stung his hands. 2. To pain acutely; as, the conscience is stung with remorse; to bite. \"Slander stings the brave.\" Pope. 3. To goad; to incite, as by taunts or reproaches.", "stinger": "One who, or that which, stings. Professor E. Forbes states that only a small minority of the medusæ of our seas are stingers. Owen.", "stingers": "One who, or that which, stings. Professor E. Forbes states that only a small minority of the medusæ of our seas are stingers. Owen.", @@ -74540,7 +65913,6 @@ "stipulation": "1. The act of stipulating; a contracting or bargaining; an agreement. 2. That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that which is definitely arranged or contracted; an agreement; a covenant; a contract or bargain; also, any particular article, item, or condition, in a mutual agreement; as, the stipulations of the allied powers to furnish each his contingent of troops. 3. (Law) A material article of an agreement; an undertaking in the nature of bail taken in the admiralty courts; a bargain. Bouvier. Wharton. Syn. -- Agreement; contract; engagement. See Covenant.\n\nThe situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules.", "stipulations": "1. The act of stipulating; a contracting or bargaining; an agreement. 2. That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that which is definitely arranged or contracted; an agreement; a covenant; a contract or bargain; also, any particular article, item, or condition, in a mutual agreement; as, the stipulations of the allied powers to furnish each his contingent of troops. 3. (Law) A material article of an agreement; an undertaking in the nature of bail taken in the admiralty courts; a bargain. Bouvier. Wharton. Syn. -- Agreement; contract; engagement. See Covenant.\n\nThe situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules.", "stir": "1. To change the place of in any manner; to move. My foot I had never yet in five days been able to stir. Sir W. Temple. 2. To disturb the relative position of the particles of, as of a liquid, by passing something through it; to agitate; as, to stir a pudding with a spoon. My mind is troubled, like a fountain stirred. Shak. 3. To bring into debate; to agitate; to moot. Stir not questions of jurisdiction. Bacon. 4. To incite to action; to arouse; to instigate; to prompt; to excite. \"To stir men to devotion.\" Chaucer. An Ate, stirring him to blood and strife. Shak. And for her sake some mutiny will stir. Dryden. Note: In all senses except the first, stir is often followed by up with an intensive effect; as, to stir up fire; to stir up sedition. Syn. -- To move; incite; awaken; rouse; animate; stimulate; excite; provoke.\n\n1. To move; to change one's position. I had not power to stir or strive, But felt that I was still alive. Byron. 2. To be in motion; to be active or bustling; to exert or busy one's self. All are not fit with them to stir and toil. Byron. The friends of the unfortunate exile, far from resenting his unjust suspicions, were stirring anxiously in his behalf. Merivale. 3. To become the object of notice; to be on foot. They fancy they have a right to talk freely upon everything that stirs or appears. I. Watts. 4. To rise, or be up, in the morning. [Colloq.] Shak.\n\n1. The act or result of stirring; agitation; tumult; bustle; noise or various movements. Why all these words, this clamor, and this stir Denham. Consider, after so much stir about genus and species, how few words we have yet settled definitions of. Locke. 2. Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous disorder; seditious uproar. Being advertised of some stirs raised by his unnatural sons in England. Sir J. Davies. 3. Agitation of thoughts; conflicting passions.", - "stirling": null, "stirred": null, "stirrer": "One who, or that which, stirs something; also, one who moves about, especially after sleep; as, an early stirrer. Shak. Stirrer up, an instigator or inciter. Atterbury.", "stirrers": "One who, or that which, stirs something; also, one who moves about, especially after sleep; as, an early stirrer. Shak. Stirrer up, an instigator or inciter. Atterbury.", @@ -74569,10 +65941,8 @@ "stockbrokers": "A broker who deals in stocks.", "stockbroking": null, "stocked": null, - "stockhausen": null, "stockholder": "One who is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other stock company.", "stockholders": "One who is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other stock company.", - "stockholm": null, "stockier": null, "stockiest": null, "stockily": null, @@ -74592,7 +65962,6 @@ "stockrooms": null, "stocks": "1. The stem, or main body, of a tree or plant; the fixed, strong, firm part; the trunk. Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof die in the ground, yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant. Job xiv. 8,9. 2. The stem or branch in which a graft is inserted. The scion overruleth the stock quite. Bacon. 3. A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a firm support; a post. All our fathers worshiped stocks and stones. Milton. Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal, and in no case of brick. Fuller. 4. Hence, a person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or post; one who has little sense. Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks. Shak. 5. The principal supporting part; the part in which others are inserted, or to which they are attached. Specifically: -- (a) The wood to which the barrel, lock, etc., of a musket or like firearm are secured; also, a long, rectangular piece of wood, which is an important part of several forms of gun carriage. (b) The handle or contrivance by which bits are held in boring; a bitstock; a brace. (c) (Joinery) The block of wood or metal frame which constitutes the body of a plane, and in which the plane iron is fitted; a plane stock. (d) (Naut.) The wooden or iron crosspiece to which the shank of an anchor is attached. See Illust. of Anchor. (e) The support of the block in which an anvil is fixed, or of the anvil itself. (f) A handle or wrench forming a holder for the dies for cutting screws; a diestock. (g) The part of a tally formerly struck in the exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness. See Counterfoil. [Eng.] 6. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a family; the progenitor of a family and his direct descendants; lineage; family. And stand betwixt them made, when, severally, All told their stock. Chapman. Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock From Dardanus. Denham. 7. Money or capital which an individual or a firm employs in business; fund; in the United States, the capital of a bank or other company, in the form of transferable shares, each of a certain amount; money funded in government securities, called also the public funds; in the plural, property consisting of shares in joint-stock companies, or in the obligations of a government for its funded debt; -- so in the United States, but in England the latter only are called stocks, and the former shares. 8. (Bookkeeping) Same as Stock account, below. 9. Supply provided; store; accumulation; especially, a merchant's or manufacturer's store of goods; as, to lay in a stock of provisions. Add to that stock which justly we bestow. Dryden. 10. (Agric.) Domestic animals or beasts collectively, used or raised on a farm; as, a stock of cattle or of sheep, etc.; -- called also live stock. 11. (Card Playing) That portion of a pack of cards not distributed to the players at the beginning of certain games, as gleek, etc., but which might be drawn from afterward as occasion required; a bank. I must buy the stock; send me good cardings. Beau. & Fl. 12. A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado. [Obs.] 13. Etym: [Cf. Stocking.] A covering for the leg, or leg and foot; as, upper stocks (breeches); nether stocks (stockings). [Obs.] With a linen stock on one leg. Shak. 14. A kind of stiff, wide band or cravat for the neck; as, a silk stock. 15. pl. A frame of timber, with holes in which the feet, or the feet and hands, of criminals were formerly confined by way of punishment. He shall rest in my stocks. Piers Plowman. 16. pl. (Shipbuilding) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building. 17. pl. Red and gray bricks, used for the exterior of walls and the front of buildings. [Eng.] 18. (Bot.) Any cruciferous plant of the genus Matthiola; as, common stock (Matthiola incana) (see Gilly-flower); ten-weeks stock (M. annua). 19. (Geol.) An irregular metalliferous mass filling a large cavity in a rock formation, as a stock of lead ore deposited in limestone. 20. A race or variety in a species. 21. (Biol.) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of persons (see Person), as trees, chains of salpæ, etc. 22. The beater of a fulling mill. Knight. 23. (Cookery) A liquid or jelly containing the juices and soluble parts of meat, and certain vegetables, etc., extracted by cooking; -- used in making soup, gravy, etc. Bit stock. See Bitstock. -- Dead stock (Agric.), the implements of husbandry, and produce stored up for use; -- in distinction from live stock, or the domestic animals on the farm. See def. 10, above. -- Head stock. See Headstock. -- Paper stock, rags and other material of which paper is made. -- Stock account (Bookkeeping), an account on a merchant's ledger, one side of which shows the original capital, or stock, and the additions thereto by accumulation or contribution, the other side showing the amounts withdrawn. -- Stock car, a railway car for carrying cattle. -- Stock company (Com.), an incorporated company the capital of which is represented by marketable shares having a certain equal par value. -- Stock duck (Zoöl.), the mallard. -- Stock exchange. (a) The building or place where stocks are bought and sold; stock market; hence, transactions of all kinds in stocks. (b) An association or body of stockbrokers who meet and transact business by certain recognized forms, regulations, and usages. Wharton. Brande & C. -- Stock farmer, a farmer who makes it his business to rear live stock. -- Stock gillyflower (Bot.), the common stock. See Stock, n., 18. -- Stock gold, gold laid up so as to form a stock, or hoard. -- Stock in trade, the goods kept for sale by a shopkeeper; the fittings and appliances of a workman. Simmonds. -- Stock list, a list of stocks, or shares, dealt in, of transactions, and of prices. -- Stock lock, a lock inclosed in a wooden case and attached to the face of a door. -- Stock market. (a) A place where stocks are bought and sold; the stock exchange. (b) A market for live stock. -- Stock pigeon. (Zoöl.) Same as Stockdove. -- Stock purse. (a) A common purse, as distinguished from a private purse. (b) (Mil.) Moneys saved out of the expenses of a company or regiment, and applied to objects of common interest. [Eng.] -- Stock shave, a tool used by blockmakers. -- Stock station, a place or district for rearing stock. [Australia] W. Howitt. -- Stock tackle (Naut.), a tackle used when the anchor is hoisted and secured, to keep its stock clear of the ship's sides. Totten. -- Stock taking, an examination and inventory made of goods or stock in a shop or warehouse; -- usually made periodically. -- Tail stock. See Tailstock. -- To have something on the stock, to be at work at something. -- To take stock, to take account of stock; to make an inventory of stock or goods on hand. Dickens. -- To take stock in. (a) To subscribe for, or purchase, shares in a stock company. (b) To put faith in; to accept as trustworthy; as, to take stock in a person's fidelity. [Slang] -- To take stock of, to take account of the stock of; to take an inventory of; hence, to ascertain the facts in regard to (something). [Eng.] At the outset of any inquiry it is proper to take stock of the results obtained by previous explorers of the same field. Leslie Stephen. Syn. -- Fund; capital; store; supply; accumulation; hoard; provision.\n\n1. To lay up; to put aside for future use; to store, as merchandise, and the like. 2. To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to supply; as, to stock a warehouse, that is, to fill it with goods; to stock a farm, that is, to supply it with cattle and tools; to stock land, that is, to occupy it with a permanent growth, especially of grass. 3. To suffer to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more previous to sale, as cows. 4. To put in the stocks. [R.] Shak. To stock an anchor (Naut.), to fit it with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place. -- To stock cards (Card Playing), to arrange cards in a certain manner for cheating purposes. [Cant] -- To stock down (Agric.), to sow, as plowed land, with grass seed, in order that it may become swarded, and produce grass. -- To stock up, to extirpate; to dig up.\n\nUsed or employed for constant service or application, as if constituting a portion of a stock or supply; standard; permanent; standing; as, a stock actor; a stock play; a stock sermon. \"A stock charge against Raleigh.\" C. Kingsley. Stock company (Theater), a company of actors regularly employed at one theater, or permanently acting together in various plays under one management.", "stocktaking": null, - "stockton": null, "stocky": "1. Short and thick; thick rather than tall or corpulent. Addison. Stocky, twisted, hunchback stems. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. 2. Headstrong. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.", "stockyard": null, "stockyards": null, @@ -74608,7 +65977,6 @@ "stoical": "1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their doctrines. 2. Not affected by passion; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. -- Sto\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sto\"ic*al*ness, n.", "stoically": null, "stoicism": "1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics. 2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain; insensibility; impassiveness.", - "stoicisms": "1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics. 2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain; insensibility; impassiveness.", "stoics": "1. A disciple of the philosopher Zeno; one of a Greek sect which held that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and should submit without complaint to unavoidable necessity, by which all things are governed. 2. Hence, a person not easily excited; an apathetic person; one who is apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain. A Stoic of the woods, a man without a tear. Campbell. School of Stoics. See The Porch, under Porch.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their doctrines. 2. Not affected by passion; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. -- Sto\"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sto\"ic*al*ness, n.", "stoke": "1. To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.] Nor short sword for to stoke, with point biting. Chaucer. 2. To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire of a furnace, boiler, etc.\n\nTo poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of furnaces, steamers, etc.", "stoked": null, @@ -74616,11 +65984,9 @@ "stokers": "1. One who is employed to tend a furnace and supply it with fuel, especially the furnace of a locomotive or of a marine steam boiler; also, a machine for feeding fuel to a fire. 2. A fire poker. [R.] C. Richardson (Dict.).", "stokes": "1. To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.] Nor short sword for to stoke, with point biting. Chaucer. 2. To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire of a furnace, boiler, etc.\n\nTo poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of furnaces, steamers, etc.", "stoking": null, - "stol": null, "stole": "imp. of Steal.\n\nA stolon.\n\n1. A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. Spenser. But when mild morn, in saffron stole, First issues from her eastern goal. T. Warton. 2. (Eccl.) A narrow band of silk or stuff, sometimes enriched with embroidery and jewels, worn on the left shoulder of deacons, and across both shoulders of bishops and priests, pendent on each side nearly to the ground. At Mass, it is worn crossed on the breast by priests. It is used in various sacred functions. Groom of the stole, the first lord of the bedchamber in the royal household. [Eng.] Brande & C.", "stolen": "p. p. of Steal.", "stoles": "imp. of Steal.\n\nA stolon.\n\n1. A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. Spenser. But when mild morn, in saffron stole, First issues from her eastern goal. T. Warton. 2. (Eccl.) A narrow band of silk or stuff, sometimes enriched with embroidery and jewels, worn on the left shoulder of deacons, and across both shoulders of bishops and priests, pendent on each side nearly to the ground. At Mass, it is worn crossed on the breast by priests. It is used in various sacred functions. Groom of the stole, the first lord of the bedchamber in the royal household. [Eng.] Brande & C.", - "stolichnaya": null, "stolid": "Hopelessly insensible or stupid; not easily aroused or excited; dull; impassive; foolish.", "stolider": null, "stolidest": null, @@ -74629,7 +65995,6 @@ "stolidness": "Same as Stolidity.", "stolon": "1. (Bot.) A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at the end or at the joints; a stole. 2. (Zoöl.) An extension of the integument of the body, or of the body wall, from which buds are developed, giving rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound animal in which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons. Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea, Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under Scyphistoma.", "stolons": "1. (Bot.) A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at the end or at the joints; a stole. 2. (Zoöl.) An extension of the integument of the body, or of the body wall, from which buds are developed, giving rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound animal in which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons. Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea, Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under Scyphistoma.", - "stolypin": null, "stomach": "1. (Anat.) An enlargement, or series of enlargements, in the anterior part of the alimentary canal, in which food is digested; any cavity in which digestion takes place in an animal; a digestive cavity. See Digestion, and Gastric juice, under Gastric. 2. The desire for food caused by hunger; appetite; as, a good stomach for roast beef. Shak. 3. Hence appetite in general; inclination; desire. He which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart. Shak. 4. Violence of temper; anger; sullenness; resentment; willful obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.] Stern was his look, and full of stomach vain. Spenser. This sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy, and stomach, the will, where the fault lies, must be bent. Locke. 5. Pride; haughtiness; arrogance. [Obs.] He was a man Of an unbounded stomach. Shak. Stomach pump (Med.), a small pump or syringe with a flexible tube, for drawing liquids from the stomach, or for injecting them into it. -- Stomach tube (Med.), a long flexible tube for introduction into the stomach. -- Stomach worm (Zoöl.), the common roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) found in the human intestine, and rarely in the stomach.\n\n1. To resent; to remember with anger; to dislike. Shak. The lion began to show his teeth, and to stomach the affront. L'Estrange. The Parliament sit in that body . . . to be his counselors and dictators, though he stomach it. Milton. 2. To bear without repugnance; to brook. [Colloq.]\n\nTo be angry. [Obs.] Hooker.", "stomachache": null, "stomachaches": null, @@ -74644,7 +66009,6 @@ "stomps": "To stamp with the foot. [Colloq.] \"In gallant procession, the priests mean to stomp.\" R. Browning.", "stone": "1. Concreted earthy or mineral matter; also, any particular mass of such matter; as, a house built of stone; the boy threw a stone; pebbles are rounded stones. \"Dumb as a stone.\" Chaucer. They had brick for stone, and slime . . . for mortar. Gen. xi. 3. Note: In popular language, very large masses of stone are called rocks; small masses are called stones; and the finer kinds, gravel, or sand, or grains of sand. Stone is much and widely used in the construction of buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers, abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture, and the like. 2. A precious stone; a gem. \"Many a rich stone.\" Chaucer. \"Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels.\" Shak. 3. Something made of stone. Specifically: - (a) The glass of a mirror; a mirror. [Obs.] Lend me a looking-glass; If that her breath will mist or stain the stone, Why, then she lives. Shak. (b) A monument to the dead; a gravestone. Gray. Should some relenting eye Glance on the where our cold relics lie. Pope. 4. (Med.) A calculous concretion, especially one in the kidneys or bladder; the disease arising from a calculus. 5. One of the testes; a testicle. Shak. 6. (Bot.) The hard endocarp of drupes; as, the stone of a cherry or peach. See Illust. of Endocarp. 7. A weight which legally is fourteen pounds, but in practice varies with the article weighed. [Eng.] Note: The stone of butchers' meat or fish is reckoned at 8 lbs.; of cheese, 16 lbs.; of hemp, 32 lbs.; of glass, 5 lbs. 8. Fig.: Symbol of hardness and insensibility; torpidness; insensibility; as, a heart of stone. I have not yet forgot myself to stone. Pope. 9. (Print.) A stand or table with a smooth, flat top of stone, commonly marble, on which to arrange the pages of a book, newspaper, etc., before printing; -- called also imposing stone. Note: Stone is used adjectively or in composition with other words to denote made of stone, containing a stone or stones, employed on stone, or, more generally, of or pertaining to stone or stones; as, stone fruit, or stone-fruit; stone-hammer, or stone hammer; stone falcon, or stone-falcon. Compounded with some adjectives it denotes a degree of the quality expressed by the adjective equal to that possessed by a stone; as, stone-dead, stone-blind, stone-cold, stone- still, etc. Atlantic stone, ivory. [Obs.] \"Citron tables, or Atlantic stone.\" Milton. -- Bowing stone. Same as Cromlech. Encyc. Brit. -- Meteoric stones, stones which fall from the atmosphere, as after the explosion of a meteor. -- Philosopher's stone. See under Philosopher. -- Rocking stone. See Rocking-stone. -- Stone age, a supposed prehistoric age of the world when stone and bone were habitually used as the materials for weapons and tools; -- called also flint age. The bronze age succeeded to this. -- Stone bass (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Serranus and allied genera, as Serranus Couchii, and Polyprion cernium of Europe; -- called also sea perch. -- Stone biter (Zoöl.), the wolf fish. -- Stone boiling, a method of boiling water or milk by dropping hot stones into it, -- in use among savages. Tylor. -- Stone borer (Zoöl.), any animal that bores stones; especially, one of certain bivalve mollusks which burrow in limestone. See Lithodomus, and Saxicava. -- Stone bramble (Bot.), a European trailing species of bramble (Rubus saxatilis). -- Stone-break. Etym: [Cf. G. steinbrech.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Saxifraga; saxifrage. -- Stone bruise, a sore spot on the bottom of the foot, from a bruise by a stone. -- Stone canal. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand canal, under Sand. -- Stone cat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small fresh- water North American catfishes of the genus Noturus. They have sharp pectoral spines with which they inflict painful wounds. -- Stone coal, hard coal; mineral coal; anthracite coal. -- Stone coral (Zoöl.), any hard calcareous coral. -- Stone crab. (Zoöl.) (a) A large crab (Menippe mercenaria) found on the southern coast of the United States and much used as food. (b) A European spider crab (Lithodes maia). Stone crawfish (Zoöl.), a European crawfish (Astacus torrentium), by many writers considered only a variety of the common species (A. fluviatilis). -- Stone curlew. (Zoöl.) (a) A large plover found in Europe (Edicnemus crepitans). It frequents stony places. Called also thick- kneed plover or bustard, and thick-knee. (b) The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.] (c) The willet. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone crush. Same as Stone bruise, above. -- Stone eater. (Zoöl.) Same as Stone borer, above. -- Stone falcon (Zoöl.), the merlin. -- Stone fern (Bot.), a European fern (Asplenium Ceterach) which grows on rocks and walls. -- Stone fly (Zoöl.), any one of many species of pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Perla and allied genera; a perlid. They are often used by anglers for bait. The larvæ are aquatic. -- Stone fruit (Bot.), any fruit with a stony endocarp; a drupe, as a peach, plum, or cherry. -- Stone grig (Zoöl.), the mud lamprey, or pride. -- Stone hammer, a hammer formed with a face at one end, and a thick, blunt edge, parallel with the handle, at the other, -- used for breaking stone. -- Stone hawk (Zoöl.), the merlin; -- so called from its habit of sitting on bare stones. -- Stone jar, a jar made of stoneware. -- Stone lily (Paleon.), a fossil crinoid. -- Stone lugger. (Zoöl.) See Stone roller, below. -- Stone marten (Zoöl.), a European marten (Mustela foina) allied to the pine marten, but having a white throat; -- called also beech marten. -- Stone mason, a mason who works or builds in stone. -- Stone-mortar (Mil.), a kind of large mortar formerly used in sieges for throwing a mass of small stones short distances. -- Stone oil, rock oil, petroleum. -- Stone parsley (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Seseli Labanotis). See under Parsley. -- Stone pine. (Bot.) A nut pine. See the Note under Pine, and Piñon. -- Stone pit, a quarry where stones are dug. -- Stone pitch, hard, inspissated pitch. -- Stone plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The European stone curlew. (b) Any one of several species of Asiatic plovers of the genus Esacus; as, the large stone plover (E. recurvirostris). (c) The gray or black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] (d) The ringed plover. (e) The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.] Also applied to other species of limicoline birds. -- Stone roller. (Zoöl.) (a) An American fresh-water fish (Catostomus nigricans) of the Sucker family. Its color is yellowish olive, often with dark blotches. Called also stone lugger, stone toter, hog sucker, hog mullet. (b) A common American cyprinoid fish (Campostoma anomalum); -- called also stone lugger. -- Stone's cast, or Stone's throw, the distance to which a stone may be thrown by the hand. -- Stone snipe (Zoöl.), the greater yellowlegs, or tattler. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone toter. (Zoöl.) (a) See Stone roller (a), above. (b) A cyprinoid fish (Exoglossum maxillingua) found in the rivers from Virginia to New York. It has a three-lobed lower lip; -- called also cutlips. -- To leave no stone unturned, to do everything that can be done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.\n\n1. To pelt, beat, or kill with stones. And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. Acts vii. 59. 2. To make like stone; to harden. O perjured woman! thou dost stone my heart. Shak. 3. To free from stones; also, to remove the seeds of; as, to stone a field; to stone cherries; to stone raisins. 4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with stones; as, to stone a well; to stone a cellar. 5. To rub, scour, or sharpen with a stone.", "stoned": null, - "stonehenge": "An assemblage of upright stones with others placed horizontally on their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, -- generally supposed to be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple.", "stonemason": null, "stonemasons": null, "stoner": "1. One who stones; one who makes an assault with stones. 2. One who walls with stones.", @@ -74686,7 +66050,6 @@ "stoppable": null, "stoppage": "The act of stopping, or arresting progress, motion, or action; also, the state of being stopped; as, the stoppage of the circulation of the blood; the stoppage of commerce.", "stoppages": "The act of stopping, or arresting progress, motion, or action; also, the state of being stopped; as, the stoppage of the circulation of the blood; the stoppage of commerce.", - "stoppard": null, "stopped": "Made by complete closure of the mouth organs; shut; -- said of certain consonants (p, b, t, d, etc.). H. Sweet.", "stopper": "1. One who stops, closes, shuts, or hinders; that which stops or obstructs; that which closes or fills a vent or hole in a vessel. 2. (Naut.) A short piece of rope having a knot at one or both ends, with a lanyard under the knot, -- used to secure something. Totten. 3. (Bot.) A name to several trees of the genus Eugenia, found in Florida and the West Indies; as, the red stopper. See Eugenia. C. S. Sargent. Ring stopper (Naut.), a short rope or chain passing through the anchor ring, to secure the anchor to the cathead. -- Stopper bolt (Naut.), a large ringbolt in a ship's deck, to which the deck stoppers are hooked.\n\nTo close or secure with a stopper.", "stoppered": null, @@ -74751,19 +66114,15 @@ "stowage": "1. The act or method of stowing; as, the stowage of provisions in a vessel. 2. Room in which things may be stowed. Cook. In every vessel is stowage for immense treasures. Addison. 3. The state of being stowed, or put away. \"To have them in safe stowage.\" Shak. 4. Things stowed or packed. Beau. & Fl. 5. Money paid for stowing goods.", "stowaway": "One who conceals himself board of a vessel about to leave port, or on a railway train, in order to obtain a free passage.", "stowaways": "One who conceals himself board of a vessel about to leave port, or on a railway train, in order to obtain a free passage.", - "stowe": null, "stowed": null, "stowing": "A method of working in which the waste is packed into the space formed by excavating the vein.", "stows": "1. To place or arrange in a compact mass; to put in its proper place, or in a suitable place; to pack; as, to stowbags, bales, or casks in a ship's hold; to stow hay in a mow; to stow sheaves. Some stow their oars, or stop the leaky sides. Dryden. 2. To put away in some place; to hide; to lodge. Foul thief! where hast thou stowed my daughter Shak. 3. To arrange anything compactly in; to fill, by packing closely; as, to stow a box, car, or the hold of a ship.", - "strabo": null, "straddle": "1. To part the legs wide; to stand or to walk with the legs far apart. 2. To stand with the ends staggered; -- said of the spokes of a wagon wheel where they join the hub.\n\nTo place one leg on one side and the other on the other side of; to stand or sit astride of; as, to straddle a fence or a horse.\n\n1. The act of standing, sitting, or walking, with the feet far apart. 2. The position, or the distance between the feet, of one who straddles; as, a wide straddle. 3. A stock option giving the holder the double privilege of a \"put\" and a \"call,\" i. e., securing to the buyer of the option the right either to demand of the seller at a certain price, within a certain time, certain securities, or to require him to take at the same price, and within the same time, the same securities. [Broker's Cant]", "straddled": null, "straddler": null, "straddlers": null, "straddles": "1. To part the legs wide; to stand or to walk with the legs far apart. 2. To stand with the ends staggered; -- said of the spokes of a wagon wheel where they join the hub.\n\nTo place one leg on one side and the other on the other side of; to stand or sit astride of; as, to straddle a fence or a horse.\n\n1. The act of standing, sitting, or walking, with the feet far apart. 2. The position, or the distance between the feet, of one who straddles; as, a wide straddle. 3. A stock option giving the holder the double privilege of a \"put\" and a \"call,\" i. e., securing to the buyer of the option the right either to demand of the seller at a certain price, within a certain time, certain securities, or to require him to take at the same price, and within the same time, the same securities. [Broker's Cant]", "straddling": "Applied to spokes when they are arranged alternately in two circles in the hub. See Straddle, v. i., and Straddle, v. t., 3. Knight.", - "stradivari": null, - "stradivarius": null, "strafe": null, "strafed": null, "strafes": null, @@ -74844,7 +66203,6 @@ "strapped": null, "strapping": "Tall; strong; lusty; large; as, a strapping fellow. [Colloq.] There are five and thirty strapping officers gone. Farquhar.", "straps": "1. A long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like; specifically, a strip of thick leather used in flogging. A lively cobbler that . . . had scarce passed a day without giving her [his wife] the discipline of the strap. Addison. 2. Something made of such a strip, or of a part of one, or a combination of two or more for a particular use; as, a boot strap, shawl strap, stirrup strap. 3. A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered with a suitable material, for sharpening a razor; a strop. 4. A narrow strip of anything, as of iron or brass. Specifically: -- (a) (Carp. & Mach.) A band, plate, or loop of metal for clasping and holding timbers or parts of a machine. (b) (Naut.) A piece of rope or metal passing around a block and used for fastening it to anything. 5. (Bot.) (a) The flat part of the corolla in ligulate florets, as those of the white circle in the daisy. (b) The leaf, exclusive of its sheath, in some grasses. 6. A shoulder strap. See under Shoulder. Strap bolt, a bolt of which one end is a flat bar of considerable length. -- Strap head (Mach.), a journal box, or pair of brasses, secured to the end of a connecting rod by a strap. See Illust. of Gib and key, under Gib. -- Strap hinge, a hinge with long flaps by which it is fastened, as to a door or wall. -- Strap rail (Railroads), a flat rail formerly used.\n\n1. To beat or chastise with a strap. 2. To fasten or bind with a strap. Cowper. 3. To sharpen by rubbing on a strap, or strop; as, to strap a razor.", - "strasbourg": null, "strata": "pl. of Stratum.", "stratagem": "An artifice or trick in war for deceiving the enemy; hence, in general, artifice; deceptive device; secret plot; evil machination. Fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak. Those oft are stratagems which error seem, Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope.", "stratagems": "An artifice or trick in war for deceiving the enemy; hence, in general, artifice; deceptive device; secret plot; evil machination. Fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak. Those oft are stratagems which error seem, Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope.", @@ -74867,8 +66225,6 @@ "stratospheric": null, "stratum": "1. (Geol.) A bed of earth or rock of one kind, formed by natural causes, and consisting usually of a series of layers, which form a rock as it lies between beds of other kinds. Also used figuratively. 2. A bed or layer artificially made; a course.", "stratus": "A form of clouds in which they are arranged in a horizontal band or layer. See Cloud.", - "strauss": null, - "stravinsky": null, "straw": "To spread or scatter. See Strew, and Strow. Chaucer.\n\n1. A stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, etc., especially of wheat, rye, oats, barley, more rarely of buckwheat, beans, and pease. 2. The gathered and thrashed stalks of certain species of grain, etc.; as, a bundle, or a load, of rye straw. 3. Anything proverbially worthless; the least possible thing; a mere trifle. I set not a straw by thy dreamings. Chaucer. Note: Straw is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, straw-built, straw-crowned, straw-roofed, straw- stuffed, and the like. Man of straw, an effigy formed by stuffing the garments of a man with straw; hence, a fictitious person; an irresponsible person; a puppet.set up a straw man; -- used in disputation. Typically, one party accuses an opponent of setting up a straw man, meaning that the opponent is distorting his true opinion in order to make it look absurd. -- Straw bail, worthless bail, as being given by irresponsible persons. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Straw bid, a worthless bid; a bid for a contract which the bidder is unable or unwilling to fulfill. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Straw cat (Zoöl.), the pampas cat. -- Straw color, the color of dry straw, being a delicate yellow. -- Straw drain, a drain filled with straw. -- Straw plait, or Straw plat, a strip formed by plaiting straws, used for making hats, bonnets, etc. -- To be in the straw, to be brought to bed, as a pregnant woman. [Slang]", "strawberries": null, "strawberry": "A fragrant edible berry, of a delicious taste and commonly of a red color, the fruit of a plant of the genus Fragaria, of which there are many varieties. Also, the plant bearing the fruit. The common American strawberry is Fragaria virginiana; the European, F. vesca. There are also other less common species. Strawberry bass. (Zoöl.) See Calico bass, under Calico. -- Strawberry blite. (Bot.) See under Blite. -- Strawberry borer (Zoöl.), any one of several species of insects whose larvæ burrow in the crown or roots of the strawberry vine. Especially: (a) The root borer (Anarsia lineatella), a very small dark gray moth whose larvæ burrow both in the larger roots and crown, often doing great damage. (b) The crown borer (Tyloderma fragariæ), a small brown weevil whose larva burrows in the crown and kills the plant. -- Strawberry bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Euonymus Americanus), a kind of spindle tree having crimson pods and the seeds covered with a scarlet aril. -- Strawberry crab (Zoöl.), a small European spider crab (Eurynome aspera); -- so called because the back is covered with pink tubercles. -- Strawberry fish (Zoöl.), the amadavat. -- Strawberry geranium (Bot.), a kind of saxifrage (Saxifraga sarmentosa) having reniform leaves, and producing long runners like those of the strawberry. -- Strawberry leaf. (a) The leaf of the strawberry. (b) The symbol of the rank or estate of a duke, because the ducal coronet is twined with strawberry leaves. \"The strawberry leaves on her chariot panels are engraved on her ladyship's heart.\" Thackeray. -- Strawberry-leaf roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths whose larvæ roll up, and feed upon, the leaves of the strawberry vine; especially, Phoxopteris fragariæ, and Eccopsis permundana. -- Strawberry moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moth whose larvæ feed on the strawberry vines; as: (a) The smeared dagger (Apatela oblinita), whose large hairy larva is velvety black with two rows of bright yellow spots on each side. (b) A geometrid (Angerona crocataria) which is yellow with dusky spots on the wings. Called also currant moth. -- Strawberry pear (Bot.), the red ovoid fruit of a West Indian plant of the genus Cereus (C. triangularia). It has a sweetish flavor, and is slightly acid, pleasant, and cooling. Also, the plant bearing the fruit. -- Strawberry sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfly (Emphytus maculatus) whose larva eats the leaves of the strawberry vine. -- Strawberry tomato. (Bot.) See Alkekengi. -- Strawberry tree. (Bot.) See Arbutus. -- Strawberry vine (Bot.), the plant which yields the strawberry. -- Strawberry worm (Zoöl.), the larva of any moth which feeds on the strawberry vine.", @@ -74909,7 +66265,6 @@ "streetwalker": "A common prostitute who walks the streets to find customers.", "streetwalkers": "A common prostitute who walks the streets to find customers.", "streetwise": null, - "streisand": null, "strength": "1. The quality or state of being strong; ability to do or to bear; capacity for exertion or endurance, whether physical, intellectual, or moral; force; vigor; power; as, strength of body or of the arm; strength of mind, of memory, or of judgment. All his [Samson's] strength in his hairs were. Chaucer. Thou must outlive Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty. Milton. 2. Power to resist force; solidity or toughness; the quality of bodies by which they endure the application of force without breaking or yielding; -- in this sense opposed to frangibility; as, the strength of a bone, of a beam, of a wall, a rope, and the like. \"The brittle strength of bones.\" Milton. 3. Power of resisting attacks; impregnability. \"Our castle's strength will laugh a siege to scorn.\" Shak. 4. That quality which tends to secure results; effective power in an institution or enactment; security; validity; legal or moral force; logical conclusiveness; as, the strength of social or legal obligations; the strength of law; the strength of public opinion; strength of evidence; strength of argument. 5. One who, or that which, is regarded as embodying or affording force, strength, or firmness; that on which confidence or reliance is based; support; security. God is our refuge and strength. Ps. xlvi. 1. What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are providing shall be one of our principal strengths. Sprat. Certainly there is not a greater strength against temptation. Jer. Taylor. 6. Force as measured; amount, numbers, or power of any body, as of an army, a navy, and the like; as, what is the strength of the enemy by land, or by sea 7. Vigor or style; force of expression; nervous diction; -- said of literary work. And praise the easy vigor of a life Where Denham's strength and Waller's sweetness join. Pope. 8. Intensity; -- said of light or color. Bright Phoebus in his strength. Shak. 9. Intensity or degree of the distinguishing and essential element; spirit; virtue; excellence; -- said of liquors, solutions, etc.; as, the strength of wine or of acids. 10. A strong place; a stronghold. [Obs.] Shak. On, or Upon, the strength of, in reliance upon. \"The allies, after a successful summer, are too apt, upon the strength of it, to neglect their preparations for the ensuing campaign.\" Addison. Syn. -- Force; robustness; toughness; hardness; stoutness; brawniness; lustiness; firmness; puissance; support; spirit; validity; authority. See Force.\n\nTo strengthen. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "strengthen": "1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; as, to strengthen a limb, a bridge, an army; to strengthen an obligation; to strengthen authority. Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, . . . With powerful policy strengthen themselves. Shak. 2. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution. Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deut. iii. 28. Syn. -- To invigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; animate; encourage.\n\nTo grow strong or stronger. The young disease, that must subdue at length, Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength. Pope.", "strengthened": null, @@ -74957,7 +66312,6 @@ "striation": "1. The quality or condition of being striated. 2. A stria; as, the striations on a shell.", "striations": "1. The quality or condition of being striated. 2. A stria; as, the striations on a shell.", "stricken": "1. Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer. Note: [See Strike, n.] 2. Worn out; far gone; advanced. See Strike, v. t., 21. Abraham was old and well stricken in age. Gen. xxiv. 1. 3. Whole; entire; -- said of the hour as marked by the striking of a clock. [Scot.] He persevered for a stricken hour in such a torrent of unnecessary tattle. Sir W. Scott. Speeches are spoken by the stricken hour, day after day, week, perhaps, after week. Bayne.", - "strickland": null, "strict": "1. Strained; drawn close; tight; as, a strict embrace; a strict ligature. Dryden. 2. Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict fiber. 3. Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice; as, to keep strict watch; to pay strict attention. Shak. It shall be still in strictest measure. Milton. 4. Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous; as, very strict in observing the Sabbath. \"Through the strict senteries.\" Milton. 5. Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined; restricted; as, to understand words in a strict sense. 6. (Bot.) Upright, or straight and narrow; -- said of the shape of the plants or their flower clusters. Syn. -- Exact; accurate; nice; close; rigorous; severe. -- Strict, Severe. Strict, applied to a person, denotes that he conforms in his motives and acts to a principle or code by which he is bound; severe is strict with an implication often, but not always, of harshness. Strict is opposed to lax; severe is opposed to gentle. And rules as strict his labored work confine, As if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line. Pope. Soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: -\"What words have passed thy lips, Adam severe!\" Milton. The Strict Observance, or Friars of the Strict Observance. (R. C. Ch.) See Observance.", "stricter": null, "strictest": null, @@ -74986,7 +66340,6 @@ "striking": "a. & n. from Strike, v. Striking distance, the distance through which an object can be reached by striking; the distance at which a force is effective when directed to a particular object. -- Striking plate. (a) The plate against which the latch of a door lock strikes as the door is closed. (b) A part of the centering of an arch, which is driven back to loosen the centering in striking it.\n\nAffecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible; impressive; very noticeable; as, a striking representation or image; a striking resemblance. \"A striking fact.\" De Quincey. -- Strik\"ing*ly, adv. -- Strik\"ing*ness, n.", "strikingly": null, "strikings": "a. & n. from Strike, v. Striking distance, the distance through which an object can be reached by striking; the distance at which a force is effective when directed to a particular object. -- Striking plate. (a) The plate against which the latch of a door lock strikes as the door is closed. (b) A part of the centering of an arch, which is driven back to loosen the centering in striking it.\n\nAffecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible; impressive; very noticeable; as, a striking representation or image; a striking resemblance. \"A striking fact.\" De Quincey. -- Strik\"ing*ly, adv. -- Strik\"ing*ness, n.", - "strindberg": null, "string": "1. A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string. Shak. Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic string. Prior. 2. A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments. \"A string of islands.\" Gibbon. 3. A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a book are held together. Milton. 4. The cord of a musical instrument, as of a piano, harp, or violin; specifically (pl.), the stringed instruments of an orchestra, in distinction from the wind instruments; as, the strings took up the theme. \"An instrument of ten strings.\" Ps. xxx. iii. 2. Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still. Milton. 5. The line or cord of a bow. Ps. xi. 2. He twangs the grieving string. Pope. 6. A fiber, as of a plant; a little, fibrous root. Duckweed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the bottom. Bacon. 7. A nerve or tendon of an animal body. The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark vii. 35. 8. (Shipbuilding) An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and bolted to it. 9. (Bot.) The tough fibrous substance that unites the valves of the pericap of leguminous plants, and which is readily pulled off; as, the strings of beans. 10. (Mining) A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic vein. Ure. 11. (Arch.) Same as Stringcourse. 12. (Billiards) The points made in a game. String band (Mus.), a band of musicians using only, or chiefly, stringed instruments. -- String beans. (a) A dish prepared from the unripe pods of several kinds of beans; -- so called because the strings are stripped off. (b) Any kind of beans in which the pods are used for cooking before the seeds are ripe; usually, the low bush bean. -- To have two strings to one's bow, to have a means or expedient in reserve in case the one employed fails.\n\n1. To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin. Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet With firmest nerves, designed to walk the street Gay. 2. To put in tune the strings of, as a stringed instrument, in order to play upon it. For here the Muse so oft her harp has strung, That not a mountain rears its head unsung. Addison. 3. To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads. 4. To make tense; to strengthen. Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood. Dryden. 5. To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.", "stringed": "1. Having strings; as, a stringed instrument. Ps. cl. 4. 2. Produced by strings. \"Answering the stringed noise.\" Milton.", "stringency": "The quality or state of being stringent.", @@ -75040,7 +66393,6 @@ "strollers": "One who strolls; a vagrant.", "strolling": null, "strolls": "To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove. These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their helpless infants. Swift. Syn. -- To rove; roam; range; stray.\n\nA wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.", - "stromboli": null, "strong": "1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to act; having a power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous. That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps. cxliv. 14. Orses the strong to greater strength must yield. Dryden. 2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health. 3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town. 4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea. 5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong house, or company of merchants. 6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength or numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong. 7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide. 8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language. 9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory. Her mother, ever strong against that match. Shak. 10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee. 11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors. 12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent. 13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat. Heb. v. 12. 14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief. 15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent. He had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears. Heb. v. 7. 16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the mind, intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong mind, memory, judgment, or imagination. I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism. Dryden. 17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful. Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As high, as sweet, as easy, and as strong. E. Smith. 18. (Stock Exchange) Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market. 19. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) by a variation in the root vowel, and the past participle (usually) by the addition of -en (with or without a change of the root vowel); as in the verbs strive, strove, striven; break, broke, broken; drink, drank, drunk. Opposed to weak, or regular. See Weak. (b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular. F. A. March. Strong conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of a strong verb; -- called also old, or irregular, conjugation, and distinguished from the weak, or regular, conjugation. Note: Strong is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, strong-backed, strong-based, strong-bodied, strong- colored, strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed, strong- smelling, strong-voiced, etc. Syn. -- Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust.", "strongbox": null, "strongboxes": null, @@ -75095,9 +66447,6 @@ "strutted": null, "strutting": "from Strut, v. -- Strut\"ting*ly, adv.", "strychnine": "A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from various species of plants, especially from species of Loganiaceæ, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos Ignatia) and from nux vomica. It is obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also strychnia, and formerly strychnina.", - "stu": null, - "stuart": null, - "stuarts": null, "stub": "1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub. Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer. And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden. 2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton. 3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and thick; as, the stub of a pencil, candle, or cigar. 4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the check are usually recorded. 5. A pen with a short, blunt nib. 6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron. Stub end (Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to which the strap is fastened. -- Stub iron, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe nails, -- used in making gun barrels. -- Stub mortise (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through the timber in which it is formed. -- Stub nail, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also, a short, thick nail. -- Stub short, or Stub shot (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the end of a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where the saw kerf ends, and which retains the plank in connection with the log, until it is split off. -- Stub twist, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally welded ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.\n\n1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible roots. What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to a piece of land. Berkley. 2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land. 3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other fixed object. [U. S.]", "stubbed": "1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something truncated; blunt; obtuse. 2. Abounding in stubs; stubby. A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. R. Browning. 3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. \"Stubbed, vulgar constitutions.\" Berkley.", "stubbier": null, @@ -75122,7 +66471,6 @@ "studbooks": "A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of horses, esp. thoroughbreds.", "studded": null, "studding": "Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively; studs.", - "studebaker": null, "student": "1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book. Shak. 2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.", "students": "1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book. Shak. 2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.", "studentship": "The state of being a student.", @@ -75213,10 +66561,7 @@ "stutterers": "One who stutters; a stammerer.", "stuttering": "The act of one who stutters; -- restricted by some physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form the proper sounds, the breathing being normal, as distinguished from stammering.\n\nApt to stutter; hesitating; stammering. -- Stut\"ter*ing*ly, adv.", "stutters": "To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer. Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor. Macaulay.\n\n1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See Stammer, and Stuttering. 2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] Bacon.", - "stuttgart": null, - "stuyvesant": null, "sty": "1. A pen or inclosure for swine. 2. A place of bestial debauchery. To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. Milton.\n\nTo shut up in, or as in, a sty. Shak.\n\nTo soar; to ascend; to mount. See Stirrup. [Obs.] With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last praises of this Faery Queene. Spenser.\n\nAn inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid. [Written also stye.]", - "stygian": "Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal. See Styx. At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect. Milton.", "style": "1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the wax. 2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use. Specifically: -- (a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden. (b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver. (c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument. (d) (Zoöl.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles of insects. (e) Etym: [Perhaps fr. Gr. The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See Gnomon. (f) Etym: [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.) The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil. 3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written; especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical expression. High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer. Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield. Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style. Swift. It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I. Disraeli. 4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or accomplishing a result. The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J. Reynolds. 5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion. According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton. 6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the title; the official designation of any important body; mode of address; as, the style of Majesty. One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe. Burke. 7. (Chron.) A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius Cæsar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days. Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe. Syn. -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.\n\nTo entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. \"Styled great conquerors.\" Milton. How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden. Syn. -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.", "styled": null, "styles": "1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the wax. 2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use. Specifically: -- (a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden. (b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver. (c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument. (d) (Zoöl.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles of insects. (e) Etym: [Perhaps fr. Gr. The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See Gnomon. (f) Etym: [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.) The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil. 3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written; especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical expression. High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer. Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield. Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style. Swift. It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I. Disraeli. 4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or accomplishing a result. The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J. Reynolds. 5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion. According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton. 6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the title; the official designation of any important body; mode of address; as, the style of Majesty. One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe. Burke. 7. (Chron.) A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius Cæsar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days. Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe. Syn. -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.\n\nTo entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. \"Styled great conquerors.\" Milton. How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden. Syn. -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.", @@ -75242,11 +66587,6 @@ "stymies": "The position of two balls on the putting green such that, being more than six inches apart, one ball lies directly between the other and the hole at which the latter must be played; also, the act of bringing the balls into this position.\n\nTo bring into the position of, or impede by, a stymie.", "styptic": "Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent. [Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.\n\nA styptic medicine.", "styptics": "Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent. [Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.\n\nA styptic medicine.", - "styrofoam": null, - "styrofoams": null, - "styron": null, - "styx": "The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.", - "suarez": null, "suasion": "The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.", "suave": "Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner; bland. -- Suave\"ly, adv.", "suavely": null, @@ -75261,7 +66601,6 @@ "subarctic": "Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the arctic circle.", "subarea": null, "subareas": null, - "subaru": null, "subatomic": null, "subbasement": null, "subbasements": null, @@ -75615,21 +66954,14 @@ "suckling": "1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast. 2. A small kind of yellow clover (Trifolium filiforme) common in Southern Europe.", "sucklings": "1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast. 2. A small kind of yellow clover (Trifolium filiforme) common in Southern Europe.", "sucks": "1. To draw, as a liquid, by the action of the mouth and tongue, which tends to produce a vacuum, and causes the liquid to rush in by atmospheric pressure; to draw, or apply force to, by exhausting the air. 2. To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth; as, to suck an orange; specifically, to draw milk from (the mother, the breast, etc.) with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother, or dam; an infant sucks the breast. 3. To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles sucking; to inhale; to absorb; as, to suck in air; the roots of plants suck water from the ground. 4. To draw or drain. Old ocean, sucked through the porous globe. Thomson. 5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up. As waters are by whirlpools sucked and drawn. Dryden. To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb. -- To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction. -- To suck up, to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction absorption.\n\n1. To draw, or attempt to draw, something by suction, as with the mouth, or through a tube. Where the bee sucks, there suck I. Shak. 2. To draw milk from the breast or udder; as, a child, or the young of an animal, is first nourished by sucking. 3. To draw in; to imbibe; to partake. The crown had sucked too hard, and now, being full, was like to draw less. Bacon.\n\n1. The act of drawing with the mouth. 2. That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking; specifically, mikl drawn from the breast. Shak. 3. A small draught. [Colloq.] Massinger. 4. Juice; succulence. [Obs.]", - "sucre": "A silver coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.", - "sucrets": null, "sucrose": "A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also saccharose, cane sugar, etc. By extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type. Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, C12H22O11. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a disaccharate. Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf. Sugar.", "suction": "The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into which the suction pipe delivers. -- Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively. -- Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.", "suctioned": null, "suctioning": null, "suctions": "The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into which the suction pipe delivers. -- Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively. -- Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.", - "sudan": null, - "sudanese": null, "sudden": "1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation; immediate; instant; speedy. \"O sudden wo!\" Chaucer. \"For fear of sudden death.\" Shak. Sudden fear troubleth thee. Job xxii. 10. 2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid. Never was such a sudden scholar made. Shak. The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the sudden eye. Milton. 3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for. -- Sud\"den*ly, adv. -- Sud\"den*ness, n.\n\nSuddenly; unexpectedly. [R.] Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. Milton.\n\nAn unexpected occurrence; a surprise. All of a sudden, On a sudden, Of a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual preparation; suddenly. How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! Milton. He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden. Thackeray.", "suddenly": null, "suddenness": null, - "sudetenland": null, - "sudoku": null, - "sudra": "The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See Caste. [Written also Soorah, Soodra, and Sooder.]", "suds": "Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles and froth. In the suds, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] Beau. & Fl.", "sudsier": null, "sudsiest": null, @@ -75639,9 +66971,7 @@ "suede": "Swedish glove leather, --usually made from lambskins tanned with willow bark. Also used adjectively; as, suède gloves.", "sues": "1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to woo. For yet there was no man that haddle him sued. Chaucer. I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and sought with all the service due. Spenser. Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. Tennyson. 2. (Law) (a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to institute process in law against; to bring an action against; to prosecute judicially. (b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its proper termination; to gain by legal process. 3. (Falconry) To clean, as the beak; -- said of a hawk. 4. (Naut.) To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr. To sue out (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.\n\n1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat; to plead. By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel and redress, he sues to you. Pope. Cæsar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship. C. Middleton. The Indians were defeated and sued for peace. Jefferson. 2. (Law) To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in law; as, to sue for damages. 3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. Massinger. 4. (Naut.) To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr.", "suet": "The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which, when melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.", - "suetonius": null, "suety": "Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.", - "suez": null, "suffer": "1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief of mind. 2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to bear up under. Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer and support our pains. Milton. 3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage. If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration. Shak. 4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate. Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. Lev. xix. 17. I suffer them to enter and possess. Milton. Syn. -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit; tolerate. See Permit.\n\n1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we suffer with anxiety. O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but he will not suffer long. Tennyson. 2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the penalty of death. The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day appointed, and the son afterwards the day following. Clarendon. 3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. Public business suffers by private infirmities. Sir W. Temple.", "sufferance": "1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance. He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance. Shak. 2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress. The seeming sufferances that you had borne. Shak. 3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.] A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their fleet. Shak. 4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances; patience; moderation. Chaucer. But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise. Spenser. 5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering; toleration; permission; allowance; leave. Shak. In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon, through sufferance, grow to fearful end. Spenser. Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories. Hooker. 6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the shipment of goods. [Eng.] Estate of sufferance (Law), the holding by a tenant who came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right has expired, without positive leave of the owner. Blackstone. -- On sufferance, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house on sufferance. Syn. -- Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience; moderation; toleration; permission.", "suffered": null, @@ -75667,7 +66997,6 @@ "suffocates": "Suffocated; choked. Shak.\n\n1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother. Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. Shak. 2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.\n\nTo become choked, stifled, or smothered. \"A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage.\" collier.", "suffocating": "from Suffocate, v. -- Suf\"fo*ca`ting*ly, adv.", "suffocation": "The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated; death caused by smothering or choking. Note: The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously with asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion (drowning). Quain.", - "suffolk": null, "suffragan": "Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.\n\n1. An assistant. 2. (Eccl.) A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.", "suffragans": "Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.\n\n1. An assistant. 2. (Eccl.) A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.", "suffrage": "1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust; the formal expression of an opinion; assent; vote. I ask your voices and your suffrages. Shak. 2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval. Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage the observation made by heathen writers. Atterbury. Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth of a doctrine. South. 3. (Eccl.) (a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong. (b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful departed. Shipley. I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful. Creed of Pope Pius IV. 4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.] The right to vote; franchise.\n\nTo vote for; to elect. [Obs.] Milton.", @@ -75680,8 +67009,6 @@ "suffuses": "To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover, as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks suffused with blushes. When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. Pope.", "suffusing": null, "suffusion": "1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an overspreading. To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color. Ray. 2. That with which a thing is suffused. 3. (Zoöl.) A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of birds.", - "sufi": "A title or surname of the king of Persia.\n\nOne of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written also sofi.]", - "sufism": "A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans, particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also sofism.]", "sugar": "1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below. Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light. 2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste. 3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn sugar. See Quercite. -- Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. -- Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. -- Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. -- Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Invert sugar. See under Invert. -- Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. -- Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. -- Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. -- Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. -- Pine sugar. See Pinite. -- Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. -- Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. -- Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. -- Sugar bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family Coerebidæ. They are allied to the honey eaters. -- Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. -- Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. -- Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] -- Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. -- Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. -- Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf J. Webster. -- Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. -- Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. -- Sugar mite. (Zoöl.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. -- Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. -- Sugar of milk. See under Milk. -- Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] Bartlett. -- Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. -- Sugar squirrel (Zoöl.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. -- Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. -- Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.\n\nIn making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off. [Local, U.S.]\n\n1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with. \"When I sugar my liquor.\" G. Eliot. 2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof. With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil himself. Shak.", "sugarcane": null, "sugarcoat": null, @@ -75709,8 +67036,6 @@ "suggestively": null, "suggestiveness": null, "suggests": "1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be thought of, usually by the agency of other objects. Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection. Locke. 2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to intimate; as, to suggest a difficulty. 3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.] Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. Shak. 4. To inform secretly. [Obs.] Syn. -- To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.\n\nTo make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.] And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or seeming-genial, venial fault, Recurring and suggesting still. Tennyson.", - "suharto": null, - "sui": null, "suicidal": "Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide. -- Su\"i*ci`dal*ly, adv.", "suicide": "1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind. 2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se. 3. Ruin of one's own interests. \"Intestine war, which may be justly called political suicide.\" V. Knox.", "suicides": "1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind. 2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se. 3. Ruin of one's own interests. \"Intestine war, which may be justly called political suicide.\" V. Knox.", @@ -75729,11 +67054,7 @@ "suitor": "1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant. She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak. 2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. Sir P. Sidney. 3. (a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc. (b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.", "suitors": "1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant. She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak. 2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. Sir P. Sidney. 3. (a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc. (b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.", "suits": "1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.] 2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain result; pursuit; endeavor. Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone. Spenser. 3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship. Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till this funereal web my labors end. Pope. 4. (Law) The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as, a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery. I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. Shak. In England the several suits, or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds -- actions personal, real, and mixed. Blackstone. 5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; -- often written suite, and pronounced swet. 6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the individual objects, collectively considered, which constitute a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; -- often written suite, and pronounced swet. 7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number of things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; a suit of clothes. \"Two rogues in buckram suits.\" Shak. 8. (Playing Cards) One of the four sets of cards which constitute a pack; -- each set consisting of thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades, cubs, or diamonds. To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled suits and sequences. Cowper. 9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.] Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes again. Bacon. Out of suits, having no correspondence. [Obs.] Shak. -- Suit and service (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war to follow them and do military service; -- called also suit service. Blackstone. -- Suit broker, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of petitioners at court. [Obs.] -- Suit court (O. Eng. Law), the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord. -- Suit covenant (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain court. -- Suit custom (Law), a service which is owed from time immemorial. -- Suit service. (Feudal Law) See Suit and service, above. -- To bring suit. (Law) (a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses, to prove the plaintiff's demand. [Obs.] (b) In modern usage, to institute an action. -- To follow suit. (Card Playing) See under Follow, v. t.\n\n1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit the action to the word. Shak. 2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit. Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well. Dryden. Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits song of piety and thee. Prior. 3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.] So went he suited to his watery tomb. Shak. 4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his place; to suit one's taste.\n\nTo agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; -- usually followed by with or to. The place itself was suiting to his care. Dryden. Give me not an office That suits with me so ill. Addison. Syn. -- To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match; answer.", - "sukarno": null, "sukiyaki": null, - "sukkot": null, - "sulawesi": null, - "suleiman": null, "sulfa": null, "sulfate": null, "sulfates": null, @@ -75756,7 +67077,6 @@ "sulking": null, "sulks": "The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to be in the sulks.", "sulky": "Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic. Syn. -- See Sullen.\n\nA light two-wheeled carriage for a single person. Note: Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that the machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky rake, etc.", - "sulla": null, "sullen": "1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] Wyclif (Job iii. 14). 2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. Milton. Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. Shak. 3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious. Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. Dryden. 4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor; morose. And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. Prior. 5. Obstinate; intractable. Things are as sullen as we are. Tillotson. 6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. \"The larger stream was placid, and even sullen, in its course.\" Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish; fretful; ill- humored; petulant; gloomy; malign; intractable. -- Sullen, Sulky. Both sullen and sulky show themselves in the demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness a temporary sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition; the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a sullen mood, and in a sulky fit. No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The dreaded east is all the wind that blows. Pope. -- Sul\"len*ly, adv. -- Sul\"len*ness, n.\n\n1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. pl. Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to have the sullens. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.] Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. Feltham.", "sullener": null, "sullenest": null, @@ -75764,7 +67084,6 @@ "sullenness": null, "sullied": null, "sullies": null, - "sullivan": null, "sully": "To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken; -- used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to sully a person's reputation. Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke. Roscommon. No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity. Atterbury.\n\nTo become soiled or tarnished. Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.\n\nSoil; tarnish; stain. A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies in his reputation. Spectator.", "sullying": null, "sultan": "A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so called. Sultan flower. (Bot.) See Sweet sultan, under Sweet.", @@ -75780,12 +67099,6 @@ "sultry": "1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry deserts. Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie. Dryden. 2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and oppressive, as air. When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain plant. Addison.", "sum": "1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12. Take ye the sum of all the congregation. Num. i. 2. Note: Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or things. 2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. \"The sum of forty pound.\" Chaucer. With a great sum obtained I this freedom. Acts xxii. 28. 3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections. 4. Height; completion; utmost degree. Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum of earthly bliss. Milton. 5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay. A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole. Gladstone. A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums. Dickens. Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] \"In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin.\" Rogers.\n\n1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up. The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day. Bacon. 2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up. \"Go to the ant, thou sluggard,\" in few words sums up the moral of this fable. L'Estrange. He sums their virtues in himself alone. Dryden. 3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage. But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings]. Milton. Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a summary. Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.", "sumac": "1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer. 2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing. Poison sumac. (Bot.) See under Poison.", - "sumatra": null, - "sumatran": "Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants. -- n. A native of Sumatra.", - "sumatrans": "Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants. -- n. A native of Sumatra.", - "sumeria": null, - "sumerian": "Of or pertaining to the region of lower Babylonia, which was anciently called Sumer, or its inhabitants or their language.\n\nA native of lower Babylonia, anciently called Sumer.", - "sumerians": "Of or pertaining to the region of lower Babylonia, which was anciently called Sumer, or its inhabitants or their language.\n\nA native of lower Babylonia, anciently called Sumer.", "summaries": null, "summarily": "In a summary manner.", "summarize": "To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly. Chambers.", @@ -75818,7 +67131,6 @@ "summonsed": null, "summonses": null, "summonsing": null, - "sumner": "A summoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "sumo": null, "sump": "1. (Metal.) A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. Ray. 2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates there. 3. A pond of water for salt works. Knight. 4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.] Sump fuse, a fuse used in blasting under water. -- Sump men (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.", "sumps": "1. (Metal.) A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. Ray. 2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates there. 3. A pond of water for salt works. Knight. 4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.] Sump fuse, a fuse used in blasting under water. -- Sump men (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.", @@ -75826,7 +67138,6 @@ "sumptuously": null, "sumptuousness": null, "sums": "1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12. Take ye the sum of all the congregation. Num. i. 2. Note: Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or things. 2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. \"The sum of forty pound.\" Chaucer. With a great sum obtained I this freedom. Acts xxii. 28. 3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections. 4. Height; completion; utmost degree. Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum of earthly bliss. Milton. 5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay. A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole. Gladstone. A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums. Dickens. Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] \"In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin.\" Rogers.\n\n1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up. The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day. Bacon. 2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up. \"Go to the ant, thou sluggard,\" in few words sums up the moral of this fable. L'Estrange. He sums their virtues in himself alone. Dryden. 3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage. But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings]. Milton. Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a summary. Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.", - "sumter": null, "sun": "See Sunn.\n\n1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and its absence night; the central body round which the earth and planets revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about 860,000. Note: Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is 32' 4\", and it revolves on its own axis once in 25photosphere, above which is an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen, called the chromosphere, which can be seen only through the spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes extending out millions of miles, are luminous rays or streams of light which are visible only at the time of a total eclipse, forming the solar corona. 2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of orbs. 3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine. Lambs that did frisk in the sun. Shak. 4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation. For the Lord God is a sun and shield. Ps. lxxiv. 11. I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignity to posterity. Eikon Basilike. Sun and planet wheels (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists of a toothed wheel (called the sun wheel), firmly secured to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another wheel (called the planet wheel) secured to the end of a connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the planet wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel on the shaft, communicating to this latter a velocity of revolution the double of its own. G. Francis. -- Sun angel (Zoöl.), a South American humming bird of the genus Heliangelos, noted for its beautiful colors and the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat. -- Sun animalcute. (Zoöl.) See Heliozoa. -- Sun bath (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; insolation. -- Sun bear (Zoöl.), a species of bear (Helarctos Malayanus) native of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a small head and short neck, and fine short glossy fur, mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is easily tamed. Called also bruang, and Malayan bear. -- Sun beetle (Zoöl.), any small lustrous beetle of the genus Amara. -- Sun bittern (Zoöl.), a singular South American bird (Eurypyga helias), in some respects related both to the rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white, brown, and black. Called also sunbird, and tiger bittern. -- Sun fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun stroke. -- Sun gem (Zoöl.), a Brazilian humming bird (Heliactin cornutus). Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright colored feathers, fiery crimson at the base and greenish yellow at the tip. Called also Horned hummer. -- Sun grebe (Zoöl.), the finfoot. -- Sun picture, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's rays; a photograph. -- Sun spots (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with a surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen only by the telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye. They are very changeable in their figure and dimensions, and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces of 50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used to include bright spaces (called faculæ) as well as dark spaces (called maculæ). Called also solar spots. See Illustration in Appendix. -- Sun star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of starfishes belonging to Solaster, Crossaster, and allied genera, having numerous rays. -- Sun trout (Zoöl.), the squeteague. -- Sun wheel. (Mach.) See Sun and planet wheels, above. -- Under the sun, in the world; on earth. \"There is no new thing under the sun.\" Eccl. i. 9. Note: Sun is often used in the formation of compound adjectives of obvious meaning; as, sun-bright, sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun- lit, sun-scorched, and the like.\n\nTo expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain. Then to sun thyself in open air. Dryden.", "sunbath": null, "sunbathe": null, @@ -75854,10 +67165,6 @@ "sunbursts": "A burst of sunlight.", "sundae": null, "sundaes": null, - "sundanese": null, - "sundas": null, - "sunday": "The first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day. Advent Sunday, Low Sunday, Passion Sunday, etc. See under Advent, Low, etc. Syn. -- See Sabbath.\n\nBelonging to the Christian Sabbath. Sunday letter. See Dominical letter, under Dominical. -- Sunday school. See under School.", - "sundays": "The first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day. Advent Sunday, Low Sunday, Passion Sunday, etc. See under Advent, Low, etc. Syn. -- See Sabbath.\n\nBelonging to the Christian Sabbath. Sunday letter. See Dominical letter, under Dominical. -- Sunday school. See under School.", "sundeck": null, "sundecks": null, "sunder": "To disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; to part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to divide; to sever; as, to sunder a rope; to sunder a limb; to sunder friends. It is sundered from the main land by a sandy plain. Carew.\n\nTo part; to separate. [R.] Shak.\n\nA separation into parts; a division or severance. In sunder, into parts. \"He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder.\" Ps. xlvi. 9.\n\nTo expose to the sun and wind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", @@ -75882,23 +67189,17 @@ "sunhats": null, "sunk": "imp. & p. p. of Sink. Sunk fence, a ditch with a retaining wall, used to divide lands without defacing a landscape; a ha-ha.", "sunken": "Lying on the bottom of a river or other water; sunk.", - "sunkist": null, "sunlamp": null, "sunlamps": null, "sunless": "Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed. The sunken glen whose sunless shrubs must weep. Byron.", "sunlight": "The light of the sun. Milton.", "sunlit": "Lighted by the sun.", "sunned": null, - "sunni": null, "sunnier": null, "sunniest": null, "sunniness": "The quality or state of being sunny.", "sunning": null, - "sunnis": null, - "sunnite": "One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of equal importance with the Koran.", - "sunnites": "One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of equal importance with the Koran.", "sunny": "1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant. \"Sunny beams.\" Spenser. \"Sunny locks.\" Shak. 2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as, a sunny room; the sunny side of a hill. Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores. Addison. 3. Cheerful; genial; as, a sunny disposition. My decayed fair A sunny look of his would soon repair. Shak.\n\nSee Sunfish (b).", - "sunnyvale": null, "sunrise": "1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather; as, to begin work at sunrise. \"The tide of sunrise swells.\" Keble. 2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east. Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising. Deut. iv. 47 (Rev. Ver.) Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack, And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the sunrise at his back. Whittier.", "sunrises": "1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather; as, to begin work at sunrise. \"The tide of sunrise swells.\" Keble. 2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east. Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising. Deut. iv. 47 (Rev. Ver.) Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack, And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the sunrise at his back. Whittier.", "sunroof": null, @@ -75936,7 +67237,6 @@ "superber": null, "superbest": null, "superbly": null, - "superbowl": null, "supercargo": "An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the voyage.", "supercargoes": null, "supercharge": "To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to supercharge a rose upon a fess.\n\nA bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]", @@ -75970,7 +67270,6 @@ "superfluous": "More than is wanted or is sufficient; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; unnecessary; useless; excessive; as, a superfluous price. Shak. An authority which makes all further argument or illustration superfluous. E. Everett. Superfluous interval (Mus.), an interval that exceeds a major or perfect interval by a semitone. Syn. -- Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive; redundant; needless. -- Su*per\"flu*ous*ly, adv. -- Su*per\"flu*ous*ness, n.", "superfluously": null, "superfluousness": null, - "superfund": null, "superglue": null, "supergrass": null, "supergrasses": null, @@ -76165,8 +67464,6 @@ "supremos": null, "sups": "To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip. There I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup. Crashaw.\n\nA small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip. Tom Thumb had got a little sup. Drayton.\n\nTo eat the evening meal; to take supper. I do entreat that we may sup together.\n\nTo treat with supper. [Obs.] Sup them well and look unto them all. Shak.", "supt": null, - "surabaya": null, - "surat": null, "surcease": "Cessation; stop; end. \"Not desire, but its surcease.\" Longfellow. It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.\n\nTo cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] \"The waves . . . their range surceast.\" Spenser. The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.\n\nTo cease. [Obs.]", "surceased": null, "surceases": "Cessation; stop; end. \"Not desire, but its surcease.\" Longfellow. It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.\n\nTo cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] \"The waves . . . their range surceast.\" Spenser. The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.\n\nTo cease. [Obs.]", @@ -76214,8 +67511,6 @@ "surgical": "Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Pyæmia. (b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.", "surgically": "By means of surgery.", "surging": null, - "suriname": null, - "surinamese": null, "surlier": null, "surliest": null, "surliness": "The quality or state of being surly.", @@ -76294,17 +67589,10 @@ "surviving": "Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.", "survivor": "1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing. The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak. 2. (Law) The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.", "survivors": "1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing. The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak. 2. (Law) The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.", - "surya": null, - "susan": null, - "susana": null, - "susanna": null, - "susanne": null, "susceptibilities": null, "susceptibility": "1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected. 2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness. Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson. Syn. -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.", "susceptible": "1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration. It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day. Young. 2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart. Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts. Cowper. I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. Lamb. -- Sus*cep\"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Sus*cep\"ti*bly, adv.", - "suse": null, "sushi": null, - "susie": null, "suspect": "1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.] Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also. Chaucer. 2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.] What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton.\n\n1. Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer. So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed. Fairfax. 2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; -- formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons suspected of crime. Bacon.\n\n1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; -- commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease. Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to know more. Bacon. From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton. 2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation. 3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. Addison. 4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.] Syn. -- To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.\n\nTo imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be suspicious. If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at time. Shak.", "suspected": "Distrusted; doubted. -- Sus*pect\"ed*ly, adv. -- Sus*pect\"ed*ness, n.", "suspecting": null, @@ -76323,11 +67611,9 @@ "suspicions": "1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the existence of something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence. Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by twilight. Bacon. 2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.] The features are mild but expressive, with just a suspicion . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor. A. W. Ward. Syn. -- Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.\n\nTo view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low] South.", "suspicious": "1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine without proof. Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious; and no man can love the person he suspects. South. Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other. Pope. 2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear. We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance. Swift. 3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of suspicious innovations; suspicious circumstances. I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could. Shak. Syn. -- Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful; questionable. See Jealous. -- Sus*pi\"cious*ly, adv. -- Sus*pi\"cious*ness, n.", "suspiciously": null, - "susquehanna": null, "suss": null, "sussed": null, "susses": null, - "sussex": null, "sussing": null, "sustain": "1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight. Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer. 2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to support. No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world. Tillotson. 3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army. 4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak. His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden. 5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to sustain defeat and disappointment. 6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo. Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain Dryden. You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak. 7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit. 8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition. Syn. -- To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.\n\nOne who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer. [Obs.] I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.", "sustainability": null, @@ -76337,35 +67623,19 @@ "sustaining": null, "sustains": "1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight. Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer. 2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to support. No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world. Tillotson. 3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army. 4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak. His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden. 5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to sustain defeat and disappointment. 6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo. Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain Dryden. You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak. 7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit. 8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition. Syn. -- To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.\n\nOne who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer. [Obs.] I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.", "sustenance": "1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life. 2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. \"A man of little sustenance.\" Chaucer. For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton.", - "sutherland": null, "sutler": "A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the like.", "sutlers": "A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the like.", "suttee": "1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on the funeral pile of her husband; -- so called because this act of self- immolation is regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character. [India] 2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her husband. [India] Note: The practice, though abolished in British India law in 1829, is not wholly prevented.", - "sutton": null, "suture": "1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a seam. 2. (Surg.) (a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. (b) The stitch by which the parts are united. 3. (Anat.) The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. 4. (Bot.) (a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume. (b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume, which really corresponds to a midrib. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes confluent. (b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell. Glover's suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.", "sutured": "Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together. Pennant.", "sutures": "1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a seam. 2. (Surg.) (a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. (b) The stitch by which the parts are united. 3. (Anat.) The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. 4. (Bot.) (a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume. (b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume, which really corresponds to a midrib. 5. (Zoöl.) (a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes confluent. (b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell. Glover's suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.", "suturing": null, - "suv": null, - "suva": null, - "suwanee": null, - "suzanne": null, "suzerain": "A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.", "suzerains": "A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.", "suzerainty": "The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.", - "suzette": null, - "suzhou": null, - "suzuki": null, - "suzy": null, - "svalbard": null, "svelte": null, "svelter": null, "sveltest": null, - "sven": null, - "svengali": null, - "sverdlovsk": null, - "svn": null, - "sw": null, "swab": "To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]\n\n1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads. 2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep- seated parts, etc. 3. (Naut.) An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat. 4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey. 5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.", "swabbed": null, "swabbing": null, @@ -76383,11 +67653,8 @@ "swaggers": "1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential manner. A man who swaggers about London clubs. Beaconsfield. 2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully. What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar! Arbuthnot. To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen. Colier.\n\nTo bully. [R.] Swift.\n\nThe act or manner of a swaggerer. He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us. W. Irving.", "swagging": null, "swags": "1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton. I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth. Palsgrave.\n\n1. A swaying, irregular motion. 2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles Reade.", - "swahili": null, - "swahilis": null, "swain": "1. A servant. [Obs.] Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer. 2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry. It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak. Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.", "swains": "1. A servant. [Obs.] Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer. 2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry. It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak. Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.", - "swak": null, "swallow": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family Hirundinidæ, especially one of those species in which the tail is deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings, and are noted for the swiftness and gracefulness of their flight. Note: The most common North American species are the barn swallow (see under Barn), the cliff, or eaves, swallow (see under Cliff), the white-bellied, or tree, swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and the bank swallow (see under Bank). The common European swallow (Chelidon rustica), and the window swallow, or martin (Chelidon urbica), are familiar species. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of swifts which resemble the true swallows in form and habits, as the common American chimney swallow, or swift. 3. (Naut.) The aperture in a block through which the rope reeves. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Swallow plover (Zoöl.), any one of several species of fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus Glareola, as G. orientalis of India; a pratincole. -- Swallow shrike (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic birds of the family Artamiidæ, allied to the shrikes but similar to swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike (Artamus fuscus) is common in India. -- Swallow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of East Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus Dicæum. They are allied to the honeysuckers.\n\n1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink. As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. Shak. 2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb -- usually followed by up. Milton. The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses. Num. xvi. 32. 3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly. Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed. Sir T. Browne. 4. To engross; to appropriate; -- usually with up. Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the honor of those who succeeded him. Pope. 5. To occupy; to take up; to employ. The necessary provision of the life swallows the greatest part of their time. Locke. 6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume. Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty scattered. Thomson. 7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions. \"Swallowed his vows whole.\" Shak. 8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation; as, to swallow an affront or insult. Syn. -- To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See Absorb.\n\nTo perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe he is unable to swallow.\n\n1. The act of swallowing. 2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat. 3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.] I have no swallow for it. Massinger. 4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity. There being nothing too gross for the swallow of political rancor. Prof. Wilson. 5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow of water. 6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] Fabyan.", "swallowed": null, "swallowing": null, @@ -76397,7 +67664,6 @@ "swam": "imp. of Swim.", "swami": null, "swamis": null, - "swammerdam": null, "swamp": "Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore. Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson. A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words). Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b). -- Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. -- Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. -- Swamp hen. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); -- called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); -- called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. -- Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; -- called also swamp pink. -- Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs. Cf. Cant hook. -- Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. -- Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. -- Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. -- Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). -- Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite. -- Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. -- Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; -- called also sweet bay. -- Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. -- Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.\n\n1. To plunge or sink into a swamp. 2. (Naut.) To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water. 3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck. The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green. Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir W. Hamilton.\n\n1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties. 2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.", "swamped": null, "swampier": null, @@ -76407,7 +67673,6 @@ "swamps": "Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore. Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson. A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words). Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b). -- Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. -- Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. -- Swamp hen. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); -- called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); -- called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. -- Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; -- called also swamp pink. -- Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs. Cf. Cant hook. -- Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. -- Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. -- Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. -- Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). -- Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite. -- Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. -- Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; -- called also sweet bay. -- Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. -- Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.\n\n1. To plunge or sink into a swamp. 2. (Naut.) To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water. 3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck. The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green. Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir W. Hamilton.\n\n1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties. 2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.", "swampy": "Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.", "swan": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death. Note: The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob. 2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon. 3. (Astron.) The constellation Cygnus. Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India (Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose. -- Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.", - "swanee": null, "swank": null, "swanked": null, "swanker": null, @@ -76422,8 +67687,6 @@ "swanned": null, "swanning": null, "swans": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death. Note: The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob. 2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon. 3. (Astron.) The constellation Cygnus. Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India (Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose. -- Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.", - "swansea": null, - "swanson": null, "swansong": null, "swansongs": null, "swap": "1. To strike; -- with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] \"Swap off his head!\" Chaucer. 2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to swop. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth.\n\n1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. C. Richardson (Dict.). All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. Chaucer. 2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.\n\n1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.\n\nHastily. [Prov. Eng.]", @@ -76470,9 +67733,6 @@ "swayed": "Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a horse. Shak.", "swaying": "An injury caused by violent strains or by overloading; -- said of the backs of horses. Crabb.", "sways": "1. To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to wield; as, to sway the scepter. As sparkles from the anvil rise, When heavy hammers on the wedge are swayed. Spenser. 2. To influence or direct by power and authority; by persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide. The will of man is by his reason swayed. Shak. She could not sway her house. Shak. This was the race To sway the world, and land and sea subdue. Dryden. 3. To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp; as, reeds swayed by wind; judgment swayed by passion. As bowls run true by being made On purpose false, and to be swayed. Hudibras. Let not temporal and little advantages sway you against a more durable interest. Tillotson. 4. (Naut.) To hoist; as, to sway up the yards. Syn. -- To bias; rule; govern; direct; influence; swing; move; wave; wield.\n\n1. To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to incline. The balance sways on our part. Bacon. 2. To move or swing from side to side; or backward and forward. 3. To have weight or influence. The example of sundry churches . . . doth sway much. Hooker. 4. To bear sway; to rule; to govern. Hadst thou swayed as kings should do. Shak.\n\n1. The act of swaying; a swaying motion; the swing or sweep of a weapon. With huge two-handed sway brandished aloft. Milton. 2. Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side; as, the sway of desires. A. Tucker. 3. Preponderance; turn or cast of balance. Expert When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway Of battle. Milton. 4. Rule; dominion; control. Cowper. When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a private station. Addison. 5. A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their work. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Syn. -- Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; influence; direction; preponderance; ascendency.", - "swazi": null, - "swaziland": null, - "swazis": null, "swear": "1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed; to make a promise, threat, or resolve on oath; also, to affirm solemnly by some sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the Bible, the Koran, etc. Ye shall swear by my name falsely. Lev. xix. 12. I swear by all the Roman gods. Shak. 2. (Law) To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth of a statement; he swore against the prisoner. 3. To make an appeal to God in an irreverant manner; to use the name of God or sacred things profanely; to call upon God in imprecation; to curse. [I] swore little; diced not above seven times a week. Shak. To swear by, to place great confidence in a person or thing; to trust implicitly as an authority. \"I simply meant to ask if you are one of those who swear by Lord Verulam.\" Miss Edgeworth. -- To swear off, to make a solemn vow, or a serious resolution, to abstain from something; as, to swear off smoking. [Slang]\n\n1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or resolve) under oath. Swear unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Gen. xxi. 23. He swore consent to your succession. Shak. 2. (Law) To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; to administer an oath to; -- ofetn followed by in or into; as, to swear witnesses; to swear a jury; to swear in an officer; he was sworn into office. 3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, he swore treason against his friend. Johnson. 4. To appeal to by an oath. Now, by Apollo, king, Thou swear'st thy gods in vain. Shak. To swear the peace against one, to make oath that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person, in which case the person must find sureties that he will keep the peace.", "swearer": "1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration. 2. A profane person; one who uses profane language. Then the liars and swearers are fools. Shak.", "swearers": "1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration. 2. A profane person; one who uses profane language. Then the liars and swearers are fools. Shak.", @@ -76498,13 +67758,8 @@ "sweatsuit": null, "sweatsuits": null, "sweaty": "1. Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment. 2. Consisting of sweat; of the nature of sweat. No noisome whiffs or sweaty streams. Swift. 3. Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome; difficult. \"The sweaty forge.\" Prior.", - "swed": null, "swede": "1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden. 2. (Bot.) A Swedish turnip. See under Turnip.", - "sweden": null, - "swedenborg": null, "swedes": "1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden. 2. (Bot.) A Swedish turnip. See under Turnip.", - "swedish": "Of or pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants. Swedish turnip. (Bot.) See under Turnip.\n\nThe language of Swedes.", - "sweeney": null, "sweep": "1. To pass a broom across (a surface) so as to remove loose dirt, dust, etc.; to brush, or rub over, with a broom for the purpose of cleaning; as, to sweep a floor, the street, or a chimney. Used also figuratively. I will sweep it with the besom of destruction. Isa. xiv. 23. 2. To drive or carry along or off with a broom or a brush, or as if with a broom; to remove by, or as if by, brushing; as, to sweep dirt from a floor; the wind sweeps the snow from the hills; a freshet sweeps away a dam, timber, or rubbish; a pestilence sweeps off multitudes. The hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies. Isa. xxviii. 17. I have already swept the stakes. Dryden. 3. To brush against or over; to rub lightly along. Their long descending train, With rubies edged and sapphires, swept the plain. Dryden. 4. To carry with a long, swinging, or dragging motion; hence, to carry in a stately or proud fashion. And like a peacock sweep along his tail. Shak. 5. To strike with a long stroke. Wake into voice each silent string, And sweep the sounding lyre. Pope. 6. (Naut.) To draw or drag something over; as, to sweep the bottom of a river with a net. 7. To pass over, or traverse, with the eye or with an instrument of observation; as, to sweep the heavens with a telescope. To sweep, or sweep up, a mold (Founding), to form the sand into a mold by a templet, instead of compressing it around the pattern.\n\n1. To clean rooms, yards, etc., or to clear away dust, dirt, litter, etc., with a broom, brush, or the like. 2. To brush swiftly over the surface of anything; to pass with switness and force, as if brushing the surface of anything; to move in a stately manner; as, the wind sweeps across the plain; a woman sweeps through a drawing-room. 3. To pass over anything comprehensively; to range through with rapidity; as, his eye sweeps through space.\n\n1. The act of sweeping. 2. The compass or range of a stroke; as, a long sweep. 3. The compass of any turning body or of any motion; as, the sweep of a door; the sweep of the eye. 4. The compass of anything flowing or brushing; as, the flood carried away everything within its sweep. 5. Violent and general destruction; as, the sweep of an epidemic disease. 6. Direction and extent of any motion not rectlinear; as, the sweep of a compass. 7. Direction or departure of a curve, a road, an arch, or the like, away from a rectlinear line. The road which makes a small sweep. Sir W. Scott. 8. One who sweeps; a sweeper; specifically, a chimney sweeper. 9. (Founding) A movable templet for making molds, in loam molding. 10. (Naut.) (a) The mold of a ship when she begins to curve in at the rungheads; any part of a ship shaped in a segment of a circle. (b) A large oar used in small vessels, partly to propel them and partly to steer them. 11. (Refining) The almond furnace. [Obs.] 12. A long pole, or piece of timber, moved on a horizontal fulcrum fixed to a tall post and used to raise and lower a bucket in a well for drawing water. [Variously written swape, sweep, swepe, and swipe.] 13. (Card Playing) In the game of casino, a pairing or combining of all the cards on the board, and so removing them all; in whist, the winning of all the tricks (thirteen) in a hand; a slam. 14. pl. The sweeping of workshops where precious metals are worked, containing filings, etc. Sweep net, a net for drawing over a large compass. -- Sweep of the tiller (Naut.), a circular frame on which the tiller traverses.", "sweeper": "One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep; as, a carpet sweeper. It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy. Huxley.", "sweepers": "One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep; as, a carpet sweeper. It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy. Huxley.", @@ -76580,7 +67835,6 @@ "swimsuit": null, "swimsuits": null, "swimwear": null, - "swinburne": null, "swindle": "To cheat defraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice; as, to swindle a man out of his property. Lammote . . . has swindled one of them out of three hundred livres. Carlyle.\n\nThe act or process of swindling; a cheat.", "swindled": null, "swindler": "One who swindles, or defrauds grossly; one who makes a practice of defrauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice; a cheat. Syn. -- Sharper; rogue. -- Swindler, Sharper. These words agree in describing persons who take unfair advantages. A swindler is one who obtains money or goods under false pretenses. A sharper is one who cheats by sharp practice, as in playing at cards or staking what he can not pay. Fraud and injustice soon follow, and the dignity of the British merchant is sunk in the scandalous appellation of a swindler. V. Knox. Perhaps you 'll think I act the same As a sly sharper plays his game. Cotton.", @@ -76613,9 +67867,6 @@ "swishes": null, "swishest": null, "swishing": null, - "swiss": "A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Switzer; the people of Switzerland.\n\nOf or pertaining to Switzerland, or the people of Switzerland.", - "swissair": null, - "swisses": null, "switch": "1. A small, flexible twig or rod. Mauritania, on the fifth medal, leads a horse with something like a thread; in her other hand she holds a switch. Addison. 2. (Railways) A movable part of a rail; or of opposite rails, for transferring cars from one track to another. 3. A separate mass or trees of hair, or of some substance (at jute) made to resemble hair, worn on the head by women. 4. (Eccl.) A mechanical device for shifting an electric current to another circuit. Safety switch (Railways), a form of switch contrived to prevent or lessen the danger of derailment of trains. -- Switch back (Railways), an arrangement of tracks whereby elevations otherwise insurmountable are passed. The track ascends by a series of zigzags, the engine running alternately forward and back, until the summit is reached. -- Switch board (Elec.), a collection of switches in one piece of apparatus, so arranged that a number of circuits may be connected or combined in any desired manner. -- Switch grass. (Bot.) See under Grass.\n\n1. To strike with a switch or small flexible rod; to whip. Chapman. 2. To swing or whisk; as, to switch a cane. 3. To trim, as, a hedge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. To turn from one railway track to another; to transfer by a switch; -- generally with off, from, etc.; as, to switch off a train; to switch a car from one track to another. 5. (Eccl.) To shift to another circuit.\n\nTo walk with a jerk. [Prov. Eng.]", "switchable": null, "switchback": null, @@ -76630,8 +67881,6 @@ "switches": null, "switching": "from Switch, v. Switching engine, a locomotive for switching cars from one track to another, and making up trains; -- called also switch engine. [U.S.]", "switchover": null, - "switz": null, - "switzerland": null, "swivel": "1. (Mech.) A piece, as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis. 2. (Mil.) A small piece of ordnance, turning on a point or swivel; -- called also swivel gun. Wilhelm. Swivel bridge, a kind of drawbridge that turns round on a vertical axis; a swing bridge. -- Swivel hook, a hook connected with the iron strap of a pulley block by a swivel joint, for readily taking the turns out of a tackle. -- Swivel joint, a joint, the two pieces composing which turn round, with respect to each other, on a longitudinal pin or axis, as in a chain, to prevent twisting.\n\nTo swing or turn, as on a pin or pivot.", "swiveled": null, "swiveling": null, @@ -76674,15 +67923,12 @@ "sybarite": "A person devoted to luxury and pleasure; a voluptuary.", "sybarites": "A person devoted to luxury and pleasure; a voluptuary.", "sybaritic": "Of or pertaining to the Sybarites; resembling the Sybarites; luxurious; wanton; effeminate. \"Sybaritic dinners.\" Bp. Warburton. \"Sybaritical cloistres.\" Bp. Hall.", - "sybil": null, "sycamore": "(a) A large tree (Ficus Sycomorus) allied to the common fig. It is found in Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore, or sycamine, of Scripture. (b) The American plane tree, or buttonwood. (c) A large European species of maple (Acer Pseudo-Platanus). [Written sometimes sycomore.]", "sycamores": "(a) A large tree (Ficus Sycomorus) allied to the common fig. It is found in Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore, or sycamine, of Scripture. (b) The American plane tree, or buttonwood. (c) A large European species of maple (Acer Pseudo-Platanus). [Written sometimes sycomore.]", "sycophancy": "The character or characteristic of a sycophant. Hence: - (a) False accusation; calumniation; talebearing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. (b) Obsequious flattery; servility. The sycophancy of A.Philips had prejudiced Mr. Addison against Pope. Bp. Warburton.", "sycophant": "1. An informer; a talebearer. [Obs.] \"Accusing sycophants, of all men, did best sort to his nature.\" Sir P. Sidney. 2. A base parasite; a mean or servile flatterer; especially, a flatterer of princes and great men. A sycophant will everything admire: Each verse, each sentence, sets his soul on fire. Dryden.\n\n1. To inform against; hence, to calumniate. [Obs.] Sycophanting and misnaming the work of his adversary. Milton. 2. To play the sycophant toward; to flatter obsequiously.\n\nTo play the sycophant.", "sycophantic": "Of or pertaining to a sycophant; characteristic of a sycophant; meanly or obsequiously flattering; courting favor by mean adulation; parasitic. To be cheated and ruined by a sycophantical parasite. South. Sycophantic servants to the King of Spain. De Quincey.", "sycophants": "1. An informer; a talebearer. [Obs.] \"Accusing sycophants, of all men, did best sort to his nature.\" Sir P. Sidney. 2. A base parasite; a mean or servile flatterer; especially, a flatterer of princes and great men. A sycophant will everything admire: Each verse, each sentence, sets his soul on fire. Dryden.\n\n1. To inform against; hence, to calumniate. [Obs.] Sycophanting and misnaming the work of his adversary. Milton. 2. To play the sycophant toward; to flatter obsequiously.\n\nTo play the sycophant.", - "sydney": null, - "sykes": "See Sike. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "syllabic": "1. Of or pertaining to a syllable or syllables; as, syllabic accent. 2. Consisting of a syllable or syllables; as, a syllabic augment. \"The syllabic stage of writing.\" Earle.", "syllabicate": "To form or divide into syllables; to syllabify.", "syllabicated": null, @@ -76708,9 +67954,6 @@ "sylphlike": "Like a sylph; airy; graceful. Sometimes a dance . . . Displayed some sylphlike figures in its maze. Byron.", "sylphs": "1. An imaginary being inhabiting the air; a fairy. 2. Fig.: A slender, graceful woman. 3. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of very brilliant South American humming birds, having a very long and deeply-forked tail; as, the blue-tailed sylph (Cynanthus cyanurus).", "sylvan": "1. Of or pertaining to a sylva; forestlike; hence, rural; rustic. The traditional memory of a rural and a sylvan region . . . is usually exact as well as tenacious. De Quincey. 2. Abounding in forests or in trees; woody.\n\nA fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a faun; sometimes, a rustic. Her private orchards, walled on every side, To lawless sylvans all access denied. Pope.\n\nA liquid hydrocarbon obtained together with furfuran (tetrol) by the distillation of pine wood; -- called also methyl tetrol, or methyl furfuran.", - "sylvester": null, - "sylvia": null, - "sylvie": null, "symbioses": null, "symbiosis": "The living together in more or less imitative association or even close union of two dissimilar organisms. In a broad sense the term includes parasitism, or antagonistic, or antipathetic, symbiosis, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms, but ordinarily it is used of cases where the association is advantageous, or often necessary, to one or both, and not harmful to either. When there is bodily union (in extreme cases so close that the two form practically a single body, as in the union of algæ and fungi to form lichens, and in the inclusion of algæ in radiolarians) it is called conjunctive symbiosis; if there is no actual union of the organisms (as in the association of ants with myrmecophytes), disjunctive symbiosis.", "symbiotic": "Pertaining to, or characterized by, or living in, a state of symbiosis. -- Sym`bi*ot\"ic*al (#), a. -- Sym`bi*ot\"ic*al*ly (#), adv.", @@ -76794,7 +68037,6 @@ "synergy": "Combined action; especially (Med.), the combined healty action of every organ of a particular system; as, the digestive synergy. An effect of the interaction of the actions of two agents such that the result of the combined action is greater than expected as a simple additive combination of the two agents acting separately. Also synergism.", "synfuel": null, "synfuels": null, - "synge": null, "synod": "1. (Eccl. Hist.) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters. Note: Synods are of four kinds: 1. General, or ecumenical, which are compopsed of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called general council. 2. National, composed of bishops of one nation only. 3. Provincial, in which the bishops of only one province meet; -- called also convocations. 4. Diocesan, a synod in which the bishop of the diocese or his representative presides. Among Presbyterians, a synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers and a ruling elder from each parish. 2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a legislative body. It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the Syracusians and ourselves, To admit no traffic to our adverse towns. Shak. Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you, bright synod of the powers above. Dryden. 3. (Astron.) A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly bodies. [R.] Milton.", "synods": "1. (Eccl. Hist.) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters. Note: Synods are of four kinds: 1. General, or ecumenical, which are compopsed of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called general council. 2. National, composed of bishops of one nation only. 3. Provincial, in which the bishops of only one province meet; -- called also convocations. 4. Diocesan, a synod in which the bishop of the diocese or his representative presides. Among Presbyterians, a synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers and a ruling elder from each parish. 2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a legislative body. It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the Syracusians and ourselves, To admit no traffic to our adverse towns. Shak. Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you, bright synod of the powers above. Dryden. 3. (Astron.) A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly bodies. [R.] Milton.", "synonym": "One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under Synonymous. [Written also synonyme.] All languages tend to clear themselves of synonyms as intellectual culture advances, the superfluous words being taken up and appropriated by new shades and combinations of thought evolved in the progress of society. De Quincey. His name has thus become, throughout all civilized countries, a synonym for probity and philanthropy. Macaulay. In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in special dictionaries of such words, synonyms are words sufficiently alike in general signification to be liable to be confounded, but yet so different in special definition as to require to be distinguished. G. P. Marsh.", @@ -76825,11 +68067,6 @@ "syphilis": "The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by hereditary transmission, and occurring in three stages known as primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. See under Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.Treponema pallidum. Usu. tretable with penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics.", "syphilitic": "Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.", "syphilitics": "Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.", - "syracuse": "A red wine of Italy.", - "syria": null, - "syriac": "Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac version of the Pentateuch. -- n. The language of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that country.", - "syrian": "Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.", - "syrians": "Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.", "syringe": "A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc. Garden syringe. See Garden.\n\n1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a vein. 2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.", "syringed": null, "syringes": "A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc. Garden syringe. See Garden.\n\n1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a vein. 2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.", @@ -76857,14 +68094,9 @@ "systole": "1. (Gram.) The shortening of the long syllable. 2. (Physiol.) The contraction of the heart and arteries by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up; -- correlative to diastole.", "systoles": "1. (Gram.) The shortening of the long syllable. 2. (Physiol.) The contraction of the heart and arteries by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up; -- correlative to diastole.", "systolic": "Of or pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting; esp., ralating to the systole of the heart; as, systolic murmur. Dunglison.", - "szilard": null, - "szymborska": null, "t": null, "ta": "To take. [Obs. or Scot.] Cursor Mundi. Used by Chaucer to represent a peculiarity of the Northern dialect.", "tab": "1. The flap or latchet of a shoe fastened with a string or a buckle. 2. A tag. See Tag, 2. 3. A loop for pulling or lifting something. 4. A border of lace or other material, worn on the inner front edge of ladies' bonnets. 5. A loose pendent part of a lady's garment; esp., one of a series of pendent squares forming an edge or border.", - "tabasco": null, - "tabascos": null, - "tabatha": null, "tabbed": null, "tabbies": null, "tabbing": null, @@ -76872,7 +68104,6 @@ "tabby": null, "tabernacle": "1. A slightly built or temporary habitation; especially, a tent. Dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob. Heb. xi. 9. Orange trees planted in the ground, and secured in winter with a wooden tabernacle and stoves. Evelyn. 2. (Jewish Antiq.) A portable structure of wooden framework covered with curtains, which was carried through the wilderness in the Israelitish exodus, as a place of sacrifice and worship. Ex. xxvi. 3. Hence, the Jewish temple; sometimes, any other place for worship. Acts xv. 16. 4. Figuratively: The human body, as the temporary abode of the soul. Shortly I must put off this my tabernacle. 2 Pet. i. 14. 5. Any small cell, or like place, in which some holy or precious things was deposited or kept. Specifically: -- (a) The ornamental receptacle for the pyx, or for the consecrated elements, whether a part of a building or movable. (b) A niche for the image of a saint, or for any sacred painting or sculpture. (c) Hence, a work of art of sacred subject, having a partially architectural character, as a solid frame resting on a bracket, or the like. (d) A tryptich for sacred imagery. (e) A seat or stall in a choir, with its canopy. 6. (Naut.) A boxlike step for a mast with the after side open, so that the mast can be lowered to pass under bridges, etc. Feast of Tabernacles (Jewish Antiq.), one of the three principal festivals of the Jews, lasting seven days, during which the people dwelt in booths formed of the boughs of trees, in commemoration of the habitation of their ancestors in similar dwellings during their pilgrimage in the wilderness. -- Tabernacle work, rich canopy work like that over the head of niches, used over seats or stalls, or over sepulchral monuments. Oxf. Gloss.\n\nTo dwell or reside for a time; to be temporary housed. He assumed our nature, and tabernacled among us in the flesh. Dr. J. Scott.", "tabernacles": "1. A slightly built or temporary habitation; especially, a tent. Dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob. Heb. xi. 9. Orange trees planted in the ground, and secured in winter with a wooden tabernacle and stoves. Evelyn. 2. (Jewish Antiq.) A portable structure of wooden framework covered with curtains, which was carried through the wilderness in the Israelitish exodus, as a place of sacrifice and worship. Ex. xxvi. 3. Hence, the Jewish temple; sometimes, any other place for worship. Acts xv. 16. 4. Figuratively: The human body, as the temporary abode of the soul. Shortly I must put off this my tabernacle. 2 Pet. i. 14. 5. Any small cell, or like place, in which some holy or precious things was deposited or kept. Specifically: -- (a) The ornamental receptacle for the pyx, or for the consecrated elements, whether a part of a building or movable. (b) A niche for the image of a saint, or for any sacred painting or sculpture. (c) Hence, a work of art of sacred subject, having a partially architectural character, as a solid frame resting on a bracket, or the like. (d) A tryptich for sacred imagery. (e) A seat or stall in a choir, with its canopy. 6. (Naut.) A boxlike step for a mast with the after side open, so that the mast can be lowered to pass under bridges, etc. Feast of Tabernacles (Jewish Antiq.), one of the three principal festivals of the Jews, lasting seven days, during which the people dwelt in booths formed of the boughs of trees, in commemoration of the habitation of their ancestors in similar dwellings during their pilgrimage in the wilderness. -- Tabernacle work, rich canopy work like that over the head of niches, used over seats or stalls, or over sepulchral monuments. Oxf. Gloss.\n\nTo dwell or reside for a time; to be temporary housed. He assumed our nature, and tabernacled among us in the flesh. Dr. J. Scott.", - "tabitha": null, "tabla": null, "tablas": null, "table": "1. To form into a table or catalogue; to tabulate; as, to table fines. 2. To delineate, as on a table; to represent, as in a picture. [Obs.] Tabled and pictured in the chambers of meditation. Bacon. 3. To supply with food; to feed. [Obs.] Milton. 4. (Carp.) To insert, as one piece of timber into another, by alternate scores or projections from the middle, to prevent slipping; to scarf. 5. To lay or place on a table, as money. Carlyle. 6. In parliamentary usage, to lay on the table; to postpone, by a formal vote, the consideration of (a bill, motion, or the like) till called for, or indefinitely. 7. To enter upon the docket; as, to table charges against some one. 8. (Naut.) To make board hems in the skirts and bottoms of (sails) in order to strengthen them in the part attached to the boltrope.\n\nTo live at the table of another; to board; to eat. [Obs.] \"He . . . was driven from the society of men to table with the beasts.\" South.", @@ -76902,8 +68133,6 @@ "taboos": "A total prohibition of intercourse with, use of, or approach to, a given person or thing under pain of death, -- an interdict of religious origin and authority, formerly common in the islands of Polynesia; interdiction. [Written also tabu.]\n\nTo put under taboo; to forbid, or to forbid the use of; to interdict approach to, or use of; as, to taboo the ground set apart as a sanctuary for criminals. [Written also tabu.]", "tabor": "A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife, both being played by the same person. [Written also tabour, and taber.]\n\n1. To play on a tabor, or little drum. 2. To strike lightly and frequently.\n\nTo make (a sound) with a tabor.", "tabors": "A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife, both being played by the same person. [Written also tabour, and taber.]\n\n1. To play on a tabor, or little drum. 2. To strike lightly and frequently.\n\nTo make (a sound) with a tabor.", - "tabriz": null, - "tabrizes": null, "tabs": "1. The flap or latchet of a shoe fastened with a string or a buckle. 2. A tag. See Tag, 2. 3. A loop for pulling or lifting something. 4. A border of lace or other material, worn on the inner front edge of ladies' bonnets. 5. A loose pendent part of a lady's garment; esp., one of a series of pendent squares forming an edge or border.", "tabular": "Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the uses of the word). Specifically: -- (a) Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock. (b) Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated. Nodules . . . that are tabular and plated. Woodward. (c) Set in squares. [R.] (d) Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics. (e) Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular right ascension. Tabular difference (Math.), the difference between two consecutive numbers in a table, sometimes printed in its proper place in the table. -- Tabular spar (Min.), wollastonite.", "tabulate": "1. To form into a table or tables; to reduce to tables or synopses. A philosophy is not worth the having, unless its results may be tabulated, and put in figures. I. Taylor. 2. To shape with a flat surface.", @@ -76926,7 +68155,6 @@ "taciturn": "Habitually silent; not given to converse; not apt to talk or speak. -- Tac\"i*turn*ly, adv. Syn. -- Silent; reserved. Taciturn, Silent. Silent has reference to the act; taciturn, to the habit. A man may be silent from circumstances; he is taciturn from disposition. The loquacious man is at times silent; one who is taciturn may now and then make an effort at conversation.", "taciturnity": "Habilual silence, or reserve in speaking. The cause of Addison's taciturnity was a natural diffidence in the company of strangers. V. Knox. The taciturnity and the short answers which gave so much offense. Macaulay.", "taciturnly": null, - "tacitus": null, "tack": "1. A stain; a tache. [Obs.] 2. Etym: [Cf. L. tactus.] A peculiar flavor or taint; as, a musty tack. [Obs. or Colloq.] Drayton.\n\n1. A small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat head. 2. That which is attached; a supplement; an appendix. See Tack, v. t., 3. Macaulay. Some tacks had been made to money bills in King Charles's time. Bp. Burnet. 3. (Naut.) (a) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is closehauled (see Illust. of Ship); also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom. (b) The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the foremost lower corner of fore-and-aft sails, as of schooners (see Illust. of Sail). (c) The direction of a vessel in regard to the trim of her sails; as, the starboard tack, or port tack; -- the former when she is closehauled with the wind on her starboard side; hence, the run of a vessel on one tack; also, a change of direction. 4. (Scots Law) A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for hire; a lease. Burrill. 5. Confidence; reliance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tack of a flag (Naut.), a line spliced into the eye at the foot of the hoist for securing the flag to the halyards. -- Tack pins (Naut.), belaying pins; -- also called jack pins. -- To haul the tacks aboard (Naut.), to set the courses. -- To hold tack, to last or hold out. Milton.\n\n1. To fasten or attach. \"In hopes of getting some commendam tacked to their sees.\" Swift. And tacks the center to the sphere. Herbert. 2. Especially, to attach or secure in a slight or hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to tack one piece of cloth to another; to tack on a board or shingle; to tack one piece of metal to another by drops of solder. 3. In parliamentary usage, to add (a supplement) to a bill; to append; -- often with on or to. Macaulay. 4. (Naut.) To change the direction of (a vessel) when sailing closehauled, by putting the helm alee and shifting the tacks and sails so that she will proceed to windward nearly at right angles to her former course. Note: In tacking, a vessel is brought to point at first directly to windward, and then so that the wind will blow against the other side.\n\nTo change the direction of a vessel by shifting the position of the helm and sails; also (as said of a vessel), to have her direction changed through the shifting of the helm and sails. See Tack, v. t., 4. Monk, . . . when he wanted his ship to tack to larboard, moved the mirth of his crew by calling out, \"Wheel to the left.\" Macaulay.", "tacked": null, "tacker": "One who tacks.", @@ -76944,7 +68172,6 @@ "tacks": "1. A stain; a tache. [Obs.] 2. Etym: [Cf. L. tactus.] A peculiar flavor or taint; as, a musty tack. [Obs. or Colloq.] Drayton.\n\n1. A small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat head. 2. That which is attached; a supplement; an appendix. See Tack, v. t., 3. Macaulay. Some tacks had been made to money bills in King Charles's time. Bp. Burnet. 3. (Naut.) (a) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is closehauled (see Illust. of Ship); also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom. (b) The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the foremost lower corner of fore-and-aft sails, as of schooners (see Illust. of Sail). (c) The direction of a vessel in regard to the trim of her sails; as, the starboard tack, or port tack; -- the former when she is closehauled with the wind on her starboard side; hence, the run of a vessel on one tack; also, a change of direction. 4. (Scots Law) A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for hire; a lease. Burrill. 5. Confidence; reliance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tack of a flag (Naut.), a line spliced into the eye at the foot of the hoist for securing the flag to the halyards. -- Tack pins (Naut.), belaying pins; -- also called jack pins. -- To haul the tacks aboard (Naut.), to set the courses. -- To hold tack, to last or hold out. Milton.\n\n1. To fasten or attach. \"In hopes of getting some commendam tacked to their sees.\" Swift. And tacks the center to the sphere. Herbert. 2. Especially, to attach or secure in a slight or hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to tack one piece of cloth to another; to tack on a board or shingle; to tack one piece of metal to another by drops of solder. 3. In parliamentary usage, to add (a supplement) to a bill; to append; -- often with on or to. Macaulay. 4. (Naut.) To change the direction of (a vessel) when sailing closehauled, by putting the helm alee and shifting the tacks and sails so that she will proceed to windward nearly at right angles to her former course. Note: In tacking, a vessel is brought to point at first directly to windward, and then so that the wind will blow against the other side.\n\nTo change the direction of a vessel by shifting the position of the helm and sails; also (as said of a vessel), to have her direction changed through the shifting of the helm and sails. See Tack, v. t., 4. Monk, . . . when he wanted his ship to tack to larboard, moved the mirth of his crew by calling out, \"Wheel to the left.\" Macaulay.", "tacky": "Sticky; adhesive; raw; -- said of paint, varnish, etc., when not well dried. [U. S.]", "taco": null, - "tacoma": null, "tacos": null, "tact": "1. The sense of touch; feeling. Did you suppose that I could not make myself sensible to tact as well as sight Southey. Now, sight is a very refined tact. J. Le Conte. 2. (Mus.) The stroke in beating time. 3. Sensitive mental touch; peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances. He had formed plans not inferior in grandeur and boldness to those of Richelieu, and had carried them into effect with a tact and wariness worthy of Mazarin. Macaulay. A tact which surpassed the tact of her sex as much as the tact of her sex surpassed the tact of ours. Macaulay.", "tactful": "Full of tact; characterized by a discerning sense of what is right, proper, or judicious.", @@ -76965,18 +68192,12 @@ "tadpole": "1. (Zoöl.) The young aquatic larva of any amphibian. In this stage it breathes by means of external or internal gills, is at first destitute of legs, and has a finlike tail. Called also polliwig, polliwog, porwiggle, or purwiggy. 2. (Zoöl.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] Tadpole fish. (Zoöl.) See Forkbeard (a).", "tadpoles": "1. (Zoöl.) The young aquatic larva of any amphibian. In this stage it breathes by means of external or internal gills, is at first destitute of legs, and has a finlike tail. Called also polliwig, polliwog, porwiggle, or purwiggy. 2. (Zoöl.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] Tadpole fish. (Zoöl.) See Forkbeard (a).", "tads": null, - "tadzhik": null, - "taegu": null, - "taejon": null, "taffeta": "A fine, smooth stuff of silk, having usually the wavy luster called watering. The term has also been applied to different kinds of silk goods, from the 16th century to modern times. Lined with taffeta and with sendal. Chaucer.", "taffies": null, "taffrail": "The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work; the rail around a ship's stern. [Written also tafferel.]", "taffrails": "The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work; the rail around a ship's stern. [Written also tafferel.]", "taffy": "1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled down and poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in England, toffy.] 2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang]", - "taft": null, "tag": "1. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight hanging loosely; specifically, a direction card, or label. 2. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or lace, to stiffen it. 3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue. 4. Something mean and paltry; the rabble. [Obs.] Tag and rag, the lowest sort; the rabble. Holinshed. 5. A sheep of the first year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. A sale of usually used items (such as furniture, clothing, household items or bric-a-brac), conducted by one or a small group of individuals, at a location which is not a normal retail establishment. Note: Frequently it is held in the private home or in a yard attached to a private home belonging to the seller. Similar to a yard sale or garage sale. Compare flea market, where used items are sold by many individuals in a place rented for the purpose.\n\n1. To fit with, or as with, a tag or tags. He learned to make long-tagged thread laces. Macaulay. His courteous host . . . Tags every sentence with some fawning word. Dryden. 2. To join; to fasten; to attach. Bolingbroke. 3. To follow closely after; esp., to follow and touch in the game of tag. See Tag, a play.\n\nTo follow closely, as it were an appendage; -- often with after; as, to tag after a person.\n\nA child's play in which one runs after and touches another, and then runs away to avoid being touched.", - "tagalog": "1. (Ethnol.) Any member of a certain tribe which is one of the leading and most civilized of those native of the Philippine Islands. 2. The language of the Tagalogs. It belongs to the Malay family of languages and is one of the most highly developed members of the family.", - "tagalogs": "1. (Ethnol.) Any member of a certain tribe which is one of the leading and most civilized of those native of the Philippine Islands. 2. The language of the Tagalogs. It belongs to the Malay family of languages and is one of the most highly developed members of the family.", "tagged": null, "tagger": "1. One who, or that which, appends or joins one thing to another. 2. That which is pointed like a tag. Hedgehogs' or procupines' small taggers. Cotton. 3. pl. Sheets of tin or other plate which run below the gauge. Knight. 4. A device for removing taglocks from sheep. Knight.", "taggers": "1. One who, or that which, appends or joins one thing to another. 2. That which is pointed like a tag. Hedgehogs' or procupines' small taggers. Cotton. 3. pl. Sheets of tin or other plate which run below the gauge. Knight. 4. A device for removing taglocks from sheep. Knight.", @@ -76984,14 +68205,7 @@ "tagliatelle": null, "tagline": null, "taglines": null, - "tagore": null, "tags": "1. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight hanging loosely; specifically, a direction card, or label. 2. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or lace, to stiffen it. 3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue. 4. Something mean and paltry; the rabble. [Obs.] Tag and rag, the lowest sort; the rabble. Holinshed. 5. A sheep of the first year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. A sale of usually used items (such as furniture, clothing, household items or bric-a-brac), conducted by one or a small group of individuals, at a location which is not a normal retail establishment. Note: Frequently it is held in the private home or in a yard attached to a private home belonging to the seller. Similar to a yard sale or garage sale. Compare flea market, where used items are sold by many individuals in a place rented for the purpose.\n\n1. To fit with, or as with, a tag or tags. He learned to make long-tagged thread laces. Macaulay. His courteous host . . . Tags every sentence with some fawning word. Dryden. 2. To join; to fasten; to attach. Bolingbroke. 3. To follow closely after; esp., to follow and touch in the game of tag. See Tag, a play.\n\nTo follow closely, as it were an appendage; -- often with after; as, to tag after a person.\n\nA child's play in which one runs after and touches another, and then runs away to avoid being touched.", - "tagus": null, - "tahiti": null, - "tahitian": "Of or pertaining to Tahiti, an island in the Pacific Ocean. -- n. A native inhabitant of Tahiti.", - "tahitians": "Of or pertaining to Tahiti, an island in the Pacific Ocean. -- n. A native inhabitant of Tahiti.", - "tahoe": null, - "taichung": null, "taiga": null, "taigas": null, "tail": "Limitation; abridgment. Burrill. Estate in tail, a limited, abridged, or reduced fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded; -- called also estate tail. Blackstone.\n\nLimited; abridged; reduced; curtailed; as, estate tail.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The terminal, and usually flexible, posterior appendage of an animal. Note: The tail of mammals and reptiles contains a series of movable vertebræ, and is covered with flesh and hairs or scales like those of other parts of the body. The tail of existing birds consists of several more or less consolidated vertebræ which supports a fanlike group of quills to which the term tail is more particularly applied. The tail of fishes consists of the tapering hind portion of the body ending in a caudal fin. The term tail is sometimes applied to the entire abdomen of a crustacean or insect, and sometimes to the terminal piece or pygidium alone. 2. Any long, flexible terminal appendage; whatever resembles, in shape or position, the tail of an animal, as a catkin. Doretus writes a great praise of the distilled waters of those tails that hang on willow trees. Harvey. 3. Hence, the back, last, lower, or inferior part of anything, -- as opposed to the Ant: head, or the superior part. The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail. Deut. xxviii. 13. 4. A train or company of attendants; a retinue. \"Ah,\" said he, \"if you saw but the chief with his tail on.\" Sir W. Scott. 5. The side of a coin opposite to that which bears the head, effigy, or date; the reverse; -- rarely used except in the expression \"heads or tails,\" employed when a coin is thrown up for the purpose of deciding some point by its fall. 6. (Anat.) The distal tendon of a muscle. 7. (Bot.) A downy or feathery appendage to certain achens. It is formed of the permanent elongated style. 8. (Surg.) (a) A portion of an incision, at its beginning or end, which does not go through the whole thickness of the skin, and is more painful than a complete incision; -- called also tailing. (b) One of the strips at the end of a bandage formed by splitting the bandage one or more times. 9. (Naut.) A rope spliced to the strap of a block, by which it may be lashed to anything. 10. (Mus.) The part of a note which runs perpendicularly upward or downward from the head; the stem. Moore (Encyc. of Music). 11. pl. Same as Tailing, 4. 12. (Arch.) The bottom or lower portion of a member or part, as a slate or tile. 13. pl. (Mining) See Tailing, n., 5. Tail beam. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail coverts (Zoöl.), the feathers which cover the bases of the tail quills. They are sometimes much longer than the quills, and form elegant plumes. Those above the quills are called the upper tail coverts, and those below, the under tail coverts. -- Tail end, the latter end; the termination; as, the tail end of a contest. [Colloq.] -- Tail joist. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail of a comet (Astron.), a luminous train extending from the nucleus or body, often to a great distance, and usually in a direction opposite to the sun. -- Tail of a gale (Naut.), the latter part of it, when the wind has greatly abated. Totten. -- Tail of a lock (on a canal), the lower end, or entrance into the lower pond. -- Tail of the trenches (Fort.), the post where the besiegers begin to break ground, and cover themselves from the fire of the place, in advancing the lines of approach. -- Tail spindle, the spindle of the tailstock of a turning lathe; -- called also dead spindle. -- To turn tail, to run away; to flee. Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another way; but all was to return in a higher pitch. Sir P. Sidney.\n\n1. To follow or hang to, like a tail; to be attached closely to, as that which can not be evaded. [Obs.] Nevertheless his bond of two thousand pounds, wherewith he was tailed, continued uncanceled, and was called on the next Parliament. Fuller. 2. To pull or draw by the tail. [R.] Hudibras. To tail in or on (Arch.), to fasten by one of the ends into a wall or some other support; as, to tail in a timber.\n\n1. (Arch.) To hold by the end; -- said of a timber when it rests upon a wall or other support; -- with in or into. 2. (Naut.) To swing with the stern in a certain direction; -- said of a vessel at anchor; as, this vessel tails down stream. Tail on. (Naut.) See Tally on, under Tally.", @@ -77027,18 +68241,10 @@ "tailspins": null, "tailwind": null, "tailwinds": null, - "tainan": null, - "taine": null, "taint": "1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.] This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath. Chapman. 2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable or unscientific manner. [Obs.]\n\nTo thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.]\n\n1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.] Do not fear; I have A staff to taint, and bravely. Massinger. 2. To hit or touch lightly, in tilting. [Obs.] They tainted each other on the helms and passed by. Ld. Berners.\n\n1. To imbue or impregnate with something extraneous, especially with something odious, noxious, or poisonous; hence, to corrupt; to infect; to poison; as, putrid substance taint the air. 2. Fig.: To stain; to sully; to tarnish. His unkindness may defeat my life, But never taint my love. Shak. Syn. -- To contaminate; defile; pollute; corrupt; infect; disease; vitiate; poison.\n\n1. To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something corrupting. I can not taint with fear. Shak. 2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction; as, meat soon taints in warm weather.\n\n1. Tincture; hue; color; tinge. [Obs.] 2. Infection; corruption; deprivation. He had inherited from his parents a scrofulous taint, which it was beyond the power of medicine to remove. Macaulay. 3. A blemish on reputation; stain; spot; disgrace.", "tainted": null, "tainting": null, "taints": "1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.] This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath. Chapman. 2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable or unscientific manner. [Obs.]\n\nTo thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.]\n\n1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.] Do not fear; I have A staff to taint, and bravely. Massinger. 2. To hit or touch lightly, in tilting. [Obs.] They tainted each other on the helms and passed by. Ld. Berners.\n\n1. To imbue or impregnate with something extraneous, especially with something odious, noxious, or poisonous; hence, to corrupt; to infect; to poison; as, putrid substance taint the air. 2. Fig.: To stain; to sully; to tarnish. His unkindness may defeat my life, But never taint my love. Shak. Syn. -- To contaminate; defile; pollute; corrupt; infect; disease; vitiate; poison.\n\n1. To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something corrupting. I can not taint with fear. Shak. 2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction; as, meat soon taints in warm weather.\n\n1. Tincture; hue; color; tinge. [Obs.] 2. Infection; corruption; deprivation. He had inherited from his parents a scrofulous taint, which it was beyond the power of medicine to remove. Macaulay. 3. A blemish on reputation; stain; spot; disgrace.", - "taipei": null, - "taiping": "Pertaining to or designating a dynasty with which one Hung-Siu- Chuen, a half-religious, half-political enthusiast, attempted to supplant the Manchu dynasty by the Taiping rebellion, incited by him in 1850 and suppressed by General Gordon about 1864.", - "taiwan": null, - "taiwanese": null, - "taiyuan": null, - "tajikistan": null, "take": "Taken. Chaucer.\n\n1. In an active sense; To lay hold of; to seize with the hands, or otherwise; to grasp; to get into one's hold or possession; to procure; to seize and carry away; to convey. Hence, specifically: -- (a) To obtain possession of by force or artifice; to get the custody or control of; to reduce into subjection to one's power or will; to capture; to seize; to make prisoner; as, to take am army, a city, or a ship; also, to come upon or befall; to fasten on; to attack; to seize; -- said of a disease, misfortune, or the like. This man was taken of the Jews. Acts xxiii. 27. Men in their loose, unguarded hours they take; Not that themselves are wise, but others weak. Pope. They that come abroad after these showers are commonly taken with sickness. Bacon. There he blasts the tree and takes the cattle And makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. (b) To gain or secure the interest or affection of; to captivate; to engage; to interest; to charm. Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Prov. vi. 25. Cleombroutus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no patience. Wake. I know not why, but there was a something in those half-seen features, -- a charm in the very shadow that hung over their imagined beauty, -- which took me more than all the outshining loveliness of her companions. Moore. (c) To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have recourse to; as, to take the road to the right. Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. 1 Sam. xiv. 42. The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying . . . of sinners. Hammond. (d) To employ; to use; to occupy; hence, to demand; to require; as, it takes so much cloth to make a coat. This man always takes time . . . before he passes his judgments. I. Watts. (e) To form a likeness of; to copy; to delineate; to picture; as, to take picture of a person. Beauty alone could beauty take so right. Dryden. (f) To draw; to deduce; to derive. [R.] The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery. Tillotson. (g) To assume; to adopt; to acquire, as shape; to permit to one's self; to indulge or engage in; to yield to; to have or feel; to enjoy or experience, as rest, revenge, delight, shame; to form and adopt, as a resolution; -- used in general senses, limited by a following complement, in many idiomatic phrases; as, to take a resolution; I take the liberty to say. (h) To lead; to conduct; as, to take a child to church. (i) To carry; to convey; to deliver to another; to hand over; as, he took the book to the bindery. He took me certain gold, I wot it well. Chaucer. (k) To remove; to withdraw; to deduct; -- with from; as, to take the breath from one; to take two from four. 2. In a somewhat passive sense, to receive; to bear; to endure; to acknowledge; to accept. Specifically: -- (a) To accept, as something offered; to receive; not to refuse or reject; to admit. Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Num. xxxv. 31. Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Tim. v. 10. (b) To receive as something to be eaten or dronk; to partake of; to swallow; as, to take food or wine. (c) Not to refuse or balk at; to undertake readily; to clear; as, to take a hedge or fence. (d) To bear without ill humor or resentment; to submit to; to tolerate; to endure; as, to take a joke; he will take an affront from no man. (e) To admit, as, something presented to the mind; not to dispute; to allow; to accept; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand; to interpret; to regard or look upon; to consider; to suppose; as, to take a thing for granted; this I take to be man's motive; to take men for spies. You take me right. Bacon. Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the science love of God and our neighbor. Wake. [He] took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in a disguise. South. You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl. Tate. (f) To accept the word or offer of; to receive and accept; to bear; to submit to; to enter into agreement with; -- used in general senses; as, to take a form or shape. I take thee at thy word. Rowe. Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command; . . . Not take the mold. Dryden. To be taken aback, To take advantage of, To take air, etc. See under Aback, Advantage, etc. -- To take aim, to direct the eye or weapon; to aim. -- To take along, to carry, lead, or convey. -- To take arms, to commence war or hostilities. -- To take away, to carry off; to remove; to cause deprivation of; to do away with; as, a bill for taking away the votes of bishops. \"By your own law, I take your life away.\" Dryden. -- To take breath, to stop, as from labor, in order to breathe or rest; to recruit or refresh one's self. -- To take care, to exercise care or vigilance; to be solicitous. \"Doth God take care for oxen\" 1 Cor. ix. 9. -- To take care of, to have the charge or care of; to care for; to superintend or oversee. -- To take down. (a) To reduce; to bring down, as from a high, or higher, place; as, to take down a book; hence, to bring lower; to depress; to abase or humble; as, to take down pride, or the proud. \"I never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down.\" Goldsmith. (b) To swallow; as, to take down a potion. (c) To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold. (d) To record; to write down; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them. -- To take effect, To take fire. See under Effect, and Fire. -- To take ground to the right or to the left (Mil.), to extend the line to the right or left; to move, as troops, to the right or left. -- To take heart, to gain confidence or courage; to be encouraged. -- To take heed, to be careful or cautious. \"Take heed what doom against yourself you give.\" Dryden. -- To take heed to, to attend with care, as, take heed to thy ways. -- To take hold of, to seize; to fix on. -- To take horse, to mount and ride a horse. -- To take in. (a) To inclose; to fence. (b) To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend. (c) To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail. (d) To cheat; to circumvent; to gull; to deceive. [Colloq.] (e) To admit; to receive; as, a leaky vessel will take in water. (f) To win by conquest. [Obs.] For now Troy's broad-wayed town He shall take in. Chapman. (g) To receive into the mind or understanding. \"Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions.\" I. Watts. (h) To receive regularly, as a periodical work or newspaper; to take. [Eng.] -- To take in hand. See under Hand. -- To take in vain, to employ or utter as in an oath. \"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.\" Ex. xx. 7. -- To take issue. See under Issue. -- To take leave. See Leave, n., 2. -- To take a newspaper, magazine, or the like, to receive it regularly, as on paying the price of subscription. -- To take notice, to observe, or to observe with particular attention. -- To take notice of. See under Notice. -- To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner. -- To take off. (a) To remove, as from the surface or outside; to remove from the top of anything; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat. (b) To cut off; as, to take off the head, or a limb. (c) To destroy; as, to take off life. (d) To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument. (e) To withdraw; to call or draw away. Locke. (f) To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine. (g) To purchase; to take in trade. \"The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take off.\" Locke. (h) To copy; to reproduce. \"Take off all their models in wood.\" Addison. (i) To imitate; to mimic; to personate. (k) To find place for; to dispose of; as, more scholars than preferments can take off. [R.] Bacon. -- To take on, to assume; to take upon one's self; as, to take on a character or responsibility. -- To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. -- To take order for. See under Order. -- To take order with, to check; to hinder; to repress. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take orders. (a) To receive directions or commands. (b) (Eccl.) To enter some grade of the ministry. See Order, n., 10. -- To take out. (a) To remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct. (b) To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth. (c) To produce for one's self; as, to take out a patent. (d) To put an end to; as, to take the conceit out of a man. (e) To escort; as, to take out to dinner. -- To take over, to undertake; to take the management of. [Eng.] Cross (Life of G. Eliot). -- To take part, to share; as, they take part in our rejoicing. -- To take part with, to unite with; to join with. -- To take place, root, sides, stock, etc. See under Place, Root, Side, etc. -- To take the air. (a) (Falconry) To seek to escape by trying to rise higher than the falcon; -- said of a bird. (b) See under Air. -- To take the field. (Mil.) See under Field. -- To take thought, to be concerned or anxious; to be solicitous. Matt. vi. 25, 27. -- To take to heart. See under Heart. -- To take to task, to reprove; to censure. -- to take to the air, to take off. To take up. (a) To lift; to raise. Hood. (b) To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank. (c) To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezek. xix. 1. (d) To gather together; to bind up; to fasten or to replace; as, to take up raveled stitches; specifically (Surg.), to fasten with a ligature. (e) To engross; to employ; to occupy or fill; as, to take up the time; to take up a great deal of room. (f) To take permanently. \"Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts . . . took up their rest in the Christian religion.\" Addison. (g) To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds. (h) To admit; to believe; to receive. [Obs.] The ancients took up experiments upon credit. Bacon. (i) To answer by reproof; to reprimand; to berate. One of his relations took him up roundly. L'Estrange. (k) To begin where another left off; to keep up in continuous succession. Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous tale. Addison. (l) To assume; to adopt as one's own; to carry on or manage; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors; to take up current opinions. \"They take up our old trade of conquering.\" Dryden. (m) To comprise; to include. \"The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite . . . takes up seven years.\" Dryden. (n) To receive, accept, or adopt for the purpose of assisting; to espouse the cause of; to favor. Ps. xxvii. 10. (o) To collect; to exact, as a tax; to levy; as, to take up a contribution. \"Take up commodities upon our bills.\" Shak. (p) To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank. (q) (Mach.) To remove, as by an adjustment of parts; as, to take up lost motion, as in a bearing; also, to make tight, as by winding, or drawing; as, to take up slack thread in sewing. (r) To make up; to compose; to settle; as, to take up a quarrel. [Obs.] Shak. -- To take up arms. Same as To take arms, above. -- To take upon one's self. (a) To assume; to undertake; as, he takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof. (b) To appropriate to one's self; to allow to be imputed to, or inflicted upon, one's self; as, to take upon one's self a punishment. -- To take up the gauntlet. See under Gauntlet.\n\n1. To take hold; to fix upon anything; to have the natural or intended effect; to accomplish a purpose; as, he was inoculated, but the virus did not take. Shak. When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise. Bacon. In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh, but is overcome . . . before it work any manifest effect. Bacon. 2. To please; to gain reception; to succeed. Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake, And hint he writ it, if the thing should take. Addison. 3. To move or direct the course; to resort; to betake one's self; to proceed; to go; -- usually with to; as, the fox, being hard pressed, took to the hedge. 4. To admit of being pictured, as in a photograph; as, his face does not take well. To take after. (a) To learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern. (b) To resemble; as, the son takes after his father. -- To take in with, to resort to. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take on, to be violently affected; to express grief or pain in a violent manner. -- To take to. (a) To apply one's self to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to evil practices. \"If he does but take to you, . . . you will contract a great friendship with him.\" Walpole. (b) To resort to; to betake one's self to. \"Men of learning, who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world.\" Addison. -- To take up. (a) To stop. [Obs.] \"Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of religion.\" Tillotson. (b) To reform. [Obs.] Locke. -- To take up with. (a) To be contended to receive; to receive without opposition; to put up with; as, to take up with plain fare. \"In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities.\" I. Watts. (b) To lodge with; to dwell with. [Obs.] L'Estrange. -- To take with, to please. Bacon.\n\n1. That which is taken; especially, the quantity of fish captured at one haul or catch. 2. (Print.) The quantity or copy given to a compositor at one time.", "takeaway": null, "takeaways": null, @@ -77054,8 +68260,6 @@ "takes": "Taken. Chaucer.\n\n1. In an active sense; To lay hold of; to seize with the hands, or otherwise; to grasp; to get into one's hold or possession; to procure; to seize and carry away; to convey. Hence, specifically: -- (a) To obtain possession of by force or artifice; to get the custody or control of; to reduce into subjection to one's power or will; to capture; to seize; to make prisoner; as, to take am army, a city, or a ship; also, to come upon or befall; to fasten on; to attack; to seize; -- said of a disease, misfortune, or the like. This man was taken of the Jews. Acts xxiii. 27. Men in their loose, unguarded hours they take; Not that themselves are wise, but others weak. Pope. They that come abroad after these showers are commonly taken with sickness. Bacon. There he blasts the tree and takes the cattle And makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. (b) To gain or secure the interest or affection of; to captivate; to engage; to interest; to charm. Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Prov. vi. 25. Cleombroutus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no patience. Wake. I know not why, but there was a something in those half-seen features, -- a charm in the very shadow that hung over their imagined beauty, -- which took me more than all the outshining loveliness of her companions. Moore. (c) To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have recourse to; as, to take the road to the right. Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. 1 Sam. xiv. 42. The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying . . . of sinners. Hammond. (d) To employ; to use; to occupy; hence, to demand; to require; as, it takes so much cloth to make a coat. This man always takes time . . . before he passes his judgments. I. Watts. (e) To form a likeness of; to copy; to delineate; to picture; as, to take picture of a person. Beauty alone could beauty take so right. Dryden. (f) To draw; to deduce; to derive. [R.] The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery. Tillotson. (g) To assume; to adopt; to acquire, as shape; to permit to one's self; to indulge or engage in; to yield to; to have or feel; to enjoy or experience, as rest, revenge, delight, shame; to form and adopt, as a resolution; -- used in general senses, limited by a following complement, in many idiomatic phrases; as, to take a resolution; I take the liberty to say. (h) To lead; to conduct; as, to take a child to church. (i) To carry; to convey; to deliver to another; to hand over; as, he took the book to the bindery. He took me certain gold, I wot it well. Chaucer. (k) To remove; to withdraw; to deduct; -- with from; as, to take the breath from one; to take two from four. 2. In a somewhat passive sense, to receive; to bear; to endure; to acknowledge; to accept. Specifically: -- (a) To accept, as something offered; to receive; not to refuse or reject; to admit. Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Num. xxxv. 31. Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Tim. v. 10. (b) To receive as something to be eaten or dronk; to partake of; to swallow; as, to take food or wine. (c) Not to refuse or balk at; to undertake readily; to clear; as, to take a hedge or fence. (d) To bear without ill humor or resentment; to submit to; to tolerate; to endure; as, to take a joke; he will take an affront from no man. (e) To admit, as, something presented to the mind; not to dispute; to allow; to accept; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand; to interpret; to regard or look upon; to consider; to suppose; as, to take a thing for granted; this I take to be man's motive; to take men for spies. You take me right. Bacon. Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the science love of God and our neighbor. Wake. [He] took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in a disguise. South. You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl. Tate. (f) To accept the word or offer of; to receive and accept; to bear; to submit to; to enter into agreement with; -- used in general senses; as, to take a form or shape. I take thee at thy word. Rowe. Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command; . . . Not take the mold. Dryden. To be taken aback, To take advantage of, To take air, etc. See under Aback, Advantage, etc. -- To take aim, to direct the eye or weapon; to aim. -- To take along, to carry, lead, or convey. -- To take arms, to commence war or hostilities. -- To take away, to carry off; to remove; to cause deprivation of; to do away with; as, a bill for taking away the votes of bishops. \"By your own law, I take your life away.\" Dryden. -- To take breath, to stop, as from labor, in order to breathe or rest; to recruit or refresh one's self. -- To take care, to exercise care or vigilance; to be solicitous. \"Doth God take care for oxen\" 1 Cor. ix. 9. -- To take care of, to have the charge or care of; to care for; to superintend or oversee. -- To take down. (a) To reduce; to bring down, as from a high, or higher, place; as, to take down a book; hence, to bring lower; to depress; to abase or humble; as, to take down pride, or the proud. \"I never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down.\" Goldsmith. (b) To swallow; as, to take down a potion. (c) To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold. (d) To record; to write down; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them. -- To take effect, To take fire. See under Effect, and Fire. -- To take ground to the right or to the left (Mil.), to extend the line to the right or left; to move, as troops, to the right or left. -- To take heart, to gain confidence or courage; to be encouraged. -- To take heed, to be careful or cautious. \"Take heed what doom against yourself you give.\" Dryden. -- To take heed to, to attend with care, as, take heed to thy ways. -- To take hold of, to seize; to fix on. -- To take horse, to mount and ride a horse. -- To take in. (a) To inclose; to fence. (b) To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend. (c) To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail. (d) To cheat; to circumvent; to gull; to deceive. [Colloq.] (e) To admit; to receive; as, a leaky vessel will take in water. (f) To win by conquest. [Obs.] For now Troy's broad-wayed town He shall take in. Chapman. (g) To receive into the mind or understanding. \"Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions.\" I. Watts. (h) To receive regularly, as a periodical work or newspaper; to take. [Eng.] -- To take in hand. See under Hand. -- To take in vain, to employ or utter as in an oath. \"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.\" Ex. xx. 7. -- To take issue. See under Issue. -- To take leave. See Leave, n., 2. -- To take a newspaper, magazine, or the like, to receive it regularly, as on paying the price of subscription. -- To take notice, to observe, or to observe with particular attention. -- To take notice of. See under Notice. -- To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner. -- To take off. (a) To remove, as from the surface or outside; to remove from the top of anything; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat. (b) To cut off; as, to take off the head, or a limb. (c) To destroy; as, to take off life. (d) To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument. (e) To withdraw; to call or draw away. Locke. (f) To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine. (g) To purchase; to take in trade. \"The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take off.\" Locke. (h) To copy; to reproduce. \"Take off all their models in wood.\" Addison. (i) To imitate; to mimic; to personate. (k) To find place for; to dispose of; as, more scholars than preferments can take off. [R.] Bacon. -- To take on, to assume; to take upon one's self; as, to take on a character or responsibility. -- To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. -- To take order for. See under Order. -- To take order with, to check; to hinder; to repress. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take orders. (a) To receive directions or commands. (b) (Eccl.) To enter some grade of the ministry. See Order, n., 10. -- To take out. (a) To remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct. (b) To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth. (c) To produce for one's self; as, to take out a patent. (d) To put an end to; as, to take the conceit out of a man. (e) To escort; as, to take out to dinner. -- To take over, to undertake; to take the management of. [Eng.] Cross (Life of G. Eliot). -- To take part, to share; as, they take part in our rejoicing. -- To take part with, to unite with; to join with. -- To take place, root, sides, stock, etc. See under Place, Root, Side, etc. -- To take the air. (a) (Falconry) To seek to escape by trying to rise higher than the falcon; -- said of a bird. (b) See under Air. -- To take the field. (Mil.) See under Field. -- To take thought, to be concerned or anxious; to be solicitous. Matt. vi. 25, 27. -- To take to heart. See under Heart. -- To take to task, to reprove; to censure. -- to take to the air, to take off. To take up. (a) To lift; to raise. Hood. (b) To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank. (c) To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezek. xix. 1. (d) To gather together; to bind up; to fasten or to replace; as, to take up raveled stitches; specifically (Surg.), to fasten with a ligature. (e) To engross; to employ; to occupy or fill; as, to take up the time; to take up a great deal of room. (f) To take permanently. \"Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts . . . took up their rest in the Christian religion.\" Addison. (g) To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds. (h) To admit; to believe; to receive. [Obs.] The ancients took up experiments upon credit. Bacon. (i) To answer by reproof; to reprimand; to berate. One of his relations took him up roundly. L'Estrange. (k) To begin where another left off; to keep up in continuous succession. Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous tale. Addison. (l) To assume; to adopt as one's own; to carry on or manage; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors; to take up current opinions. \"They take up our old trade of conquering.\" Dryden. (m) To comprise; to include. \"The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite . . . takes up seven years.\" Dryden. (n) To receive, accept, or adopt for the purpose of assisting; to espouse the cause of; to favor. Ps. xxvii. 10. (o) To collect; to exact, as a tax; to levy; as, to take up a contribution. \"Take up commodities upon our bills.\" Shak. (p) To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank. (q) (Mach.) To remove, as by an adjustment of parts; as, to take up lost motion, as in a bearing; also, to make tight, as by winding, or drawing; as, to take up slack thread in sewing. (r) To make up; to compose; to settle; as, to take up a quarrel. [Obs.] Shak. -- To take up arms. Same as To take arms, above. -- To take upon one's self. (a) To assume; to undertake; as, he takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof. (b) To appropriate to one's self; to allow to be imputed to, or inflicted upon, one's self; as, to take upon one's self a punishment. -- To take up the gauntlet. See under Gauntlet.\n\n1. To take hold; to fix upon anything; to have the natural or intended effect; to accomplish a purpose; as, he was inoculated, but the virus did not take. Shak. When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise. Bacon. In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh, but is overcome . . . before it work any manifest effect. Bacon. 2. To please; to gain reception; to succeed. Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake, And hint he writ it, if the thing should take. Addison. 3. To move or direct the course; to resort; to betake one's self; to proceed; to go; -- usually with to; as, the fox, being hard pressed, took to the hedge. 4. To admit of being pictured, as in a photograph; as, his face does not take well. To take after. (a) To learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern. (b) To resemble; as, the son takes after his father. -- To take in with, to resort to. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take on, to be violently affected; to express grief or pain in a violent manner. -- To take to. (a) To apply one's self to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to evil practices. \"If he does but take to you, . . . you will contract a great friendship with him.\" Walpole. (b) To resort to; to betake one's self to. \"Men of learning, who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world.\" Addison. -- To take up. (a) To stop. [Obs.] \"Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of religion.\" Tillotson. (b) To reform. [Obs.] Locke. -- To take up with. (a) To be contended to receive; to receive without opposition; to put up with; as, to take up with plain fare. \"In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities.\" I. Watts. (b) To lodge with; to dwell with. [Obs.] L'Estrange. -- To take with, to please. Bacon.\n\n1. That which is taken; especially, the quantity of fish captured at one haul or catch. 2. (Print.) The quantity or copy given to a compositor at one time.", "taking": "1. Apt to take; alluring; attracting. Subtile in making his temptations most taking. Fuller. 2. Infectious; contageous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- Tak\"ing*ly, adv. -- Tak\"ing*ness, n.\n\n1. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension. 2. Agitation; excitement; distress of mind. [Colloq.] What a taking was he in, when your husband asked who was in the basket! Shak. 3. Malign influence; infection. [Obs.] Shak.", "takings": "1. Apt to take; alluring; attracting. Subtile in making his temptations most taking. Fuller. 2. Infectious; contageous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- Tak\"ing*ly, adv. -- Tak\"ing*ness, n.\n\n1. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension. 2. Agitation; excitement; distress of mind. [Colloq.] What a taking was he in, when your husband asked who was in the basket! Shak. 3. Malign influence; infection. [Obs.] Shak.", - "taklamakan": null, - "talbot": "A sort of dog, noted for quick scent and eager pursuit of game. [Obs.] Wase (1654). Note: The figure of a dog is borne in the arms of the Talbot family, whence, perhaps, the name.", "talc": "A soft mineral of a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, usually occurring in foliated masses. It is hydrous silicate of magnesia. Steatite, or soapstone, is a compact granular variety. Indurated talc, an impure, slaty talc, with a nearly compact texture, and greater hardness than common talc; -- called also talc slate.", "talcum": "Same as Talc.", "tale": "See Tael.\n\n1. That which is told; an oral relation or recital; any rehearsal of what has occured; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story. \"The tale of Troy divine.\" Milton. \"In such manner rime is Dante's tale.\" Chaucer. We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9. 2. A number told or counted off; a reckoning by count; an enumeration; a count, in distinction from measure or weight; a number reckoned or stated. The ignorant, . . . who measure by tale, and not by weight. Hooker. And every shepherd tells his tale, Under the hawthornn in the dale. Milton. In packing, they keep a just tale of the number. Carew. 3. (Law) A count or declaration. [Obs.] To tell tale of, to make account of. [Obs.] Therefore little tale hath he told Of any dream, so holy was his heart. Chaucer. Syn. -- Anecdote; story; fable; incident; memoir; relation; account; legend; narrative.\n\nTo tell stories. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.", @@ -77066,8 +68270,6 @@ "talents": "1. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight and a denomination of money equal to 60 minæ or 6,000 drachmæ. The Attic talent, as a weight, was about 57 lbs. avoirdupois; as a denomination of silver money, its value was £243 15s. sterling, or about $1,180. Rowing vessel whose burden does not exceed five hundred talents. Jowett (Thucid.). 2. Among the Hebrews, a weight and denomination of money. For silver it was equivalent to 3,000 shekels, and in weight was equal to about 93 3. Inclination; will; disposition; desire. [Obs.] They rather counseled you to your talent than to your profit. Chaucer. 4. Intellectual ability, natural or acquired; mental endowment or capacity; skill in accomplishing; a special gift, particularly in business, art, or the like; faculty; a use of the word probably originating in the Scripture parable of the talents (Matt. xxv. 14- 30). He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes. Dryden. His talents, his accomplishments, his graceful manners, made him generally popular. Macaulay. Syn. -- Ability; faculty; gift; endowment. See Genius.", "tales": "Persons added to a jury, commonly from those in or about the courthouse, to make up any deficiency in the number of jurors regularly summoned, being like, or such as, the latter. Blount. Blackstone. (b) syntactically sing. The writ by which such persons are summoned. Tales book, a book containing the names of such as are admitted of the tales. Blount. Craig. -- Tales de circumstantibus Etym: [L.], such, or the like, from those standing about.", "tali": null, - "taliban": null, - "taliesin": null, "talisman": "1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful effects are ascribed; the seal, figure, character, or image, of a heavenly sign, constellation, or planet, engraved on a sympathetic stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive its influence. 2. Hence, something that produces extraordinary effects, esp. in averting or repelling evil; an amulet; a charm; as, a talisman to avert diseases. Swift.", "talismans": "1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful effects are ascribed; the seal, figure, character, or image, of a heavenly sign, constellation, or planet, engraved on a sympathetic stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive its influence. 2. Hence, something that produces extraordinary effects, esp. in averting or repelling evil; an amulet; a charm; as, a talisman to avert diseases. Swift.", "talk": "1. To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts. I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you. Shak. 2. To confer; to reason; to consult. Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jer. xii. 1. 3. To prate; to speak impertinently. [Colloq.] To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give an account of; as, authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra. \"The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done.\" Addison. -- To talk to, to advise or exhort, or to reprove gently; as, I will talk to my son respecting his conduct. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To speak freely; to use for conversing or communicating; as, to talk French. 2. To deliver in talking; to speak; to utter; to make a subject of conversation; as, to talk nonsense; to talk politics. 3. To consume or spend in talking; -- often followed by away; as, to talk away an evening. 4. To cause to be or become by talking. \"They would talk themselves mad.\" Shak. To talk over. (a) To talk about; to have conference respecting; to deliberate upon; to discuss; as, to talk over a matter or plan. (b) To change the mind or opinion of by talking; to convince; as, to talk over an opponent.\n\n1. The act of talking; especially, familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered, especially in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more. In various talk the instructive hours they passed. Pope. Their talk, when it was not made up of nautical phrases, was too commonly made up of oaths and curses. Macaulay. 2. Report; rumor; as, to hear talk of war. I hear a talk up and down of raising our money. Locke. 3. Subject of discourse; as, his achievment is the talk of the town. Syn. -- Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat; dialogue; conference; communication. See Conversation.", @@ -77085,19 +68287,14 @@ "talks": "1. To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts. I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you. Shak. 2. To confer; to reason; to consult. Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jer. xii. 1. 3. To prate; to speak impertinently. [Colloq.] To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give an account of; as, authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra. \"The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done.\" Addison. -- To talk to, to advise or exhort, or to reprove gently; as, I will talk to my son respecting his conduct. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To speak freely; to use for conversing or communicating; as, to talk French. 2. To deliver in talking; to speak; to utter; to make a subject of conversation; as, to talk nonsense; to talk politics. 3. To consume or spend in talking; -- often followed by away; as, to talk away an evening. 4. To cause to be or become by talking. \"They would talk themselves mad.\" Shak. To talk over. (a) To talk about; to have conference respecting; to deliberate upon; to discuss; as, to talk over a matter or plan. (b) To change the mind or opinion of by talking; to convince; as, to talk over an opponent.\n\n1. The act of talking; especially, familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered, especially in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more. In various talk the instructive hours they passed. Pope. Their talk, when it was not made up of nautical phrases, was too commonly made up of oaths and curses. Macaulay. 2. Report; rumor; as, to hear talk of war. I hear a talk up and down of raising our money. Locke. 3. Subject of discourse; as, his achievment is the talk of the town. Syn. -- Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat; dialogue; conference; communication. See Conversation.", "talky": null, "tall": "1. High in stature; having a considerable, or an unusual, extension upward; long and comparatively slender; having the diameter or lateral extent small in proportion to the height; as, a tall person, tree, or mast. Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton. 2. Brave; bold; courageous. [Obs.] As tall a trencherman As e'er demolished a pye fortification. Massinger. His companions, being almost in despair of victory, were suddenly recomforted by Sir William Stanley, which came to succors with three thousand tall men. Grafton. 3. Fine; splendid; excellent; also, extravagant; excessive. [Obs. or Slang] B. Jonson. Syn. -- High; lofty. -- Tall, High, Lofty. High is the generic term, and is applied to anything which is elevated or raised above another thing. Tall specifically describes that which has a small diameter in proportion to its height; hence, we speak of a tall man, a tall steeple, a tall mast, etc., but not of a tall hill. Lofty has a special reference to the expanse above us, and denotes an imposing height; as, a lofty mountain; a lofty room. Tall is now properly applied only to physical objects; high and lofty have a moral acceptation; as, high thought, purpose, etc.; lofty aspirations; a lofty genius. Lofty is the stronger word, and is usually coupled with the grand or admirable.", - "tallahassee": null, "tallboy": "1. A kind of long-stemmed wineglass or cup. 2. A piece of household furniture common in the eighteenth century, usually in two separate parts, with larger drawers above and smaller ones below and raised on legs fifteen inches or more in height; -- called also highboy. 3. A long sheet-metal pipe for a chimney top.", "tallboys": "1. A kind of long-stemmed wineglass or cup. 2. A piece of household furniture common in the eighteenth century, usually in two separate parts, with larger drawers above and smaller ones below and raised on legs fifteen inches or more in height; -- called also highboy. 3. A long sheet-metal pipe for a chimney top.", - "tallchief": null, "taller": null, "tallest": null, - "talley": null, - "talleyrand": null, "tallied": null, "tallier": "One who keeps tally.", "talliers": "One who keeps tally.", "tallies": null, - "tallinn": null, "tallish": null, "tallness": "The quality or state of being tall; height of stature.", "tallow": "1. The suet or fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds, separated from membranous and fibrous matter by melting. Note: The solid consistency of tallow is due to the large amount of stearin it contains. See Fat. 2. The fat of some other animals, or the fat obtained from certain plants, or from other sources, resembling the fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds. Tallow candle, a candle made of tallow. -- Tallow catch, a keech. See Keech. [Obs.] -- Tallow chandler, one whose occupation is to make, or to sell, tallow candles. -- Tallow chandlery, the trade of a tallow chandler; also, the place where his business is carried on. -- Tallow tree (Bot.), a tree (Stillingia sebifera) growing in China, the seeds of which are covered with a substance which resembles tallow and is applied to the same purposes.\n\n1. To grease or smear with tallow. 2. To cause to have a large quantity of tallow; to fatten; as, tallow sheep.", @@ -77108,10 +68305,6 @@ "tallyhoing": null, "tallyhos": "1. The huntsman's cry to incite or urge on his hounds. 2. A tallyho coach. Tallyho coach, a pleasure coach. See under Coach.", "tallying": null, - "talmud": "The body of the Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in the Pentateuch. Note: The Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna, or text, and the Gemara, or commentary. Sometimes, however, the name Talmud is restricted, especially by Jewish writers, to the Gemara. There are two Talmuds, the Palestinian, commonly, but incorrectly, called the Talmud of Jerusalem, and the Babylonian Talmud. They contain the same Mishna, but different Gemaras. The Babylonian Talmud is about three times as large as the other, and is more highly esteemed by the Jews.", - "talmudic": "Of or pertaining to the Talmud; contained in the Talmud; as, Talmudic Greek; Talmudical phrases. Lightfoot.", - "talmudist": "One versed in the Talmud; one who adheres to the teachings of the Talmud.", - "talmuds": "The body of the Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in the Pentateuch. Note: The Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna, or text, and the Gemara, or commentary. Sometimes, however, the name Talmud is restricted, especially by Jewish writers, to the Gemara. There are two Talmuds, the Palestinian, commonly, but incorrectly, called the Talmud of Jerusalem, and the Babylonian Talmud. They contain the same Mishna, but different Gemaras. The Babylonian Talmud is about three times as large as the other, and is more highly esteemed by the Jews.", "talon": "1. The claw of a predaceous bird or animal, especially the claw of a bird of prey. Bacon. 2. (Zoöl.) One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face of an elephant's tooth. 3. (Arch.) A kind of molding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; -- usually called an ogee. Note: When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon. 4. The shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot the bolt. Knight.", "talons": "1. The claw of a predaceous bird or animal, especially the claw of a bird of prey. Bacon. 2. (Zoöl.) One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face of an elephant's tooth. 3. (Arch.) A kind of molding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; -- usually called an ogee. Note: When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon. 4. The shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot the bolt. Knight.", "talus": "1. (Anat.) The astragalus. 2. (Surg.) A variety of clubfoot (Talipes calcaneus). See the Note under Talipes.\n\n1. (Fort.) A slope; the inclination of the face of a work. 2. (Geol.) A sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a precipice.", @@ -77120,7 +68313,6 @@ "tamable": "Capable of being tamed, subdued, or reclaimed from wildness or savage ferociousness. -- Tam\"a*ble*ness, n.", "tamale": "A Mexican dish made of crushed maize mixed with minced meat, seasoned with red pepper, dipped in oil, and steamed.", "tamales": "A Mexican dish made of crushed maize mixed with minced meat, seasoned with red pepper, dipped in oil, and steamed.", - "tamara": null, "tamarack": "(a) The American larch; also, the larch of Oregon and British Columbia (Larix occidentalis). See Hackmatack, and Larch. (b) The black pine (Pinus Murrayana) of Alaska, California, etc. It is a small tree with fine-grained wood.", "tamaracks": "(a) The American larch; also, the larch of Oregon and British Columbia (Larix occidentalis). See Hackmatack, and Larch. (b) The black pine (Pinus Murrayana) of Alaska, California, etc. It is a small tree with fine-grained wood.", "tamarind": "1. A leguminous tree (Tamarindus Indica) cultivated both the Indies, and the other tropical countries, for the sake of its shade, and for its fruit. The trunk of the tree is lofty and large, with wide- spreading branches; the flowers are in racemes at the ends of the branches. The leaves are small and finely pinnated. 2. One of the preserved seed pods of the tamarind, which contain an acid pulp, and are used medicinally and for preparing a pleasant drink. Tamarind fish, a preparation of a variety of East Indian fish with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit. -- Velvet tamarind. (a) A West African leguminous tree (Codarium acutifolium). (b) One of the small black velvety pods, which are used for food in Sierra Leone. -- Wild tamarind (Bot.), a name given to certain trees somewhat resembling the tamarind, as the Lysiloma latisiliqua of Southern Florida, and the Pithecolobium filicifolium of the West Indies.", @@ -77129,29 +68321,15 @@ "tambourines": "A small drum, especially a shallow drum with only one skin, played on with the hand, and having bells at the sides; a timbrel.", "tame": "To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need. Fuller.\n\n1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird. 2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless. Tame slaves of the laborious plow. Roscommon. 3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid; as, a tame poem; tame scenery. Syn. -- Gentle; mild; meek. See Gentle.\n\n1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast. They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness and stubbornness. Macaulay. 2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.", "tamed": null, - "tameka": null, "tamely": "In a tame manner.", "tameness": "The quality or state of being tame.", "tamer": "One who tames or subdues.", - "tamera": null, - "tamerlane": null, "tamers": "One who tames or subdues.", "tames": "To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need. Fuller.\n\n1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird. 2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless. Tame slaves of the laborious plow. Roscommon. 3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid; as, a tame poem; tame scenery. Syn. -- Gentle; mild; meek. See Gentle.\n\n1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast. They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness and stubbornness. Macaulay. 2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.", "tamest": null, - "tami": null, - "tamika": null, - "tamil": "Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written also Tamul.]\n\n1. (Ethnol.) One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India. 2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.", - "tamils": "Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written also Tamul.]\n\n1. (Ethnol.) One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India. 2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.", "taming": null, - "tammany": null, - "tammi": null, - "tammie": null, - "tammuz": "1. A deity among the ancient Syrians, in honor of whom the Hebrew idolatresses held an annual lamentation. This deity has been conjectured to be the same with the Phoenician Adon, or Adonis. Milton. 2. The fourth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, -- supposed to correspond nearly with our month of July.", - "tammy": "1. A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly glazed, -- used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc. 2. A sieve, or strainer, made of this material; a tamis.", "tamoxifen": null, "tamp": "1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of the explosion from being misdirected. 2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth so as to make a smooth place.", - "tampa": null, - "tampax": null, "tamped": null, "tamper": "1. One who tamps; specifically, one who prepares for blasting, by filling the hole in which the charge is placed. 2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping iron.\n\n1. To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper with a disease. 'T is dangerous tampering with a muse. Roscommon. 2. To meddle so as to alter, injure, or vitiate a thing. 3. To deal unfairly; to practice secretly; to use bribery. Others tampered For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert. Hudibras.", "tampered": null, @@ -77163,20 +68341,15 @@ "tampon": "A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the body in order to arrest hemorrhage, or for the application of medicine.\n\nTo plug with a tampon.", "tampons": "A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the body in order to arrest hemorrhage, or for the application of medicine.\n\nTo plug with a tampon.", "tamps": "1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of the explosion from being misdirected. 2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth so as to make a smooth place.", - "tamra": null, "tams": null, - "tamworth": "One of a long-established English breed of large pigs. They are red, often spotted with black, with a long snout and erect or forwardly pointed ears, and are valued as bacon producers.", "tan": "See Picul.\n\n1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has been used. Called also tan bark. 2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan. 3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as, hands covered with tan. Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark bed. -- Tan pickle, the liquor used in tanning leather. -- Tan spud, a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees. -- Tan stove. See Bark stove, under Bark. -- Tan vat, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.\n\nOf the color of tan; yellowish-brown. Black and tan. See under Black, a.\n\n1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark, whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree impervious to water. Note: The essential result in tanning is due to the fact that the tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of tanning. 2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin.\n\nTo get or become tanned.", "tanager": "Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are common species of the United States.", "tanagers": "Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are common species of the United States.", "tanbark": null, - "tancred": null, "tandem": "One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and driven one before another, instead of abreast.\n\nA team of horses harnessed one before the other. \"He drove tandems.\" Thackeray. Tandem engine, a compound steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in the same axis, close to one another. -- Tandem bicycle or tricycle, one for two persons in which one rider sits before the other.", "tandems": "One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and driven one before another, instead of abreast.\n\nA team of horses harnessed one before the other. \"He drove tandems.\" Thackeray. Tandem engine, a compound steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in the same axis, close to one another. -- Tandem bicycle or tricycle, one for two persons in which one rider sits before the other.", "tandoori": null, - "taney": null, "tang": "A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior. Tang sparrow (Zoöl.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask. 2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. Tang a twang. Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny. Fuller. A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics. Jeffrey. 3. Etym: [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting point; akin to E. tongs. See Tongs.] A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in form or position. Specifically: -- (a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which is inserted into the handle. (b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which the barrel is secured to the stock. (c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened. (d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.\n\nTo cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring. Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak. To tang bees, to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to make a din.\n\nTo make a ringing sound; to ring. Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.", - "tanganyika": null, "tangelo": "A hybrid between the tangerine orange and the grapefruit, or pomelo; also, the fruit.", "tangelos": "A hybrid between the tangerine orange and the grapefruit, or pomelo; also, the fruit.", "tangent": "A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See Trigonometrical function, under Function. Artificial, or Logarithmic, tangent, the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc. -- Natural tangent, a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity. -- Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current. -- Tangent of an angle, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle. -- Tangent of an arc, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o.\n\nTouching; touching at a single point; specifically (Geom.) meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces. Tangent plane (Geom.), a plane which touches a surface in a point or line. -- Tangent scale (Gun.), a kind of breech sight for a cannon. -- Tangent screw (Mach.), an endless screw; a worm.", @@ -77191,7 +68364,6 @@ "tangibles": "1. Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable. Bacon. 2. Capable of being possessed or realized; readily apprehensible by the mind; real; substantial; evident. \"A tangible blunder.\" Byron. Direct and tangible benefit to ourselves and others. Southey. -- Tan\"gi*ble*ness, n. -- Tan\"gi*bly, adv.", "tangibly": null, "tangier": null, - "tangiers": null, "tangiest": null, "tangle": "1. To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to entangle; to ravel. 2. To involve; to insnare; to entrap; as, to be tangled in lies. \"Tangled in amorous nets.\" Milton. When my simple weakness strays, Tangled in forbidden ways. Crashaw.\n\nTo be entangled or united confusedly; to get in a tangle.\n\n1. Etym: [Cf. Icel. þöngull. See Tang seaweed.] (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed, especially the Laminaria saccharina. See Kelp. Coral and sea fan and tangle, the blooms and the palms of the ocean. C. Kingsley. 2. Etym: [From Tangle, v.] A knot of threads, or other thing, united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged; a snarl; as, hair or yarn in tangles; a tangle of vines and briers. Used also figuratively. 3. pl. An instrument consisting essentiallly of an iron bar to which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar substances, -- used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea. Blue tangle. (Bot.)See Dangleberry. -- Tangle picker (Zoöl.), the turnstone. [Prov. Eng.]", "tangled": null, @@ -77202,10 +68374,7 @@ "tangoing": null, "tangos": "(a) A difficult dance in two-four time characterized by graceful posturing, frequent pointing positions, and a great variety of steps, including the cross step and turning steps. The dance is of Spanish origin, and is believed to have been in its original form a part of the fandango. (b) Any of various popular forms derived from this.", "tangs": "A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior. Tang sparrow (Zoöl.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask. 2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. Tang a twang. Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny. Fuller. A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics. Jeffrey. 3. Etym: [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting point; akin to E. tongs. See Tongs.] A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in form or position. Specifically: -- (a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which is inserted into the handle. (b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which the barrel is secured to the stock. (c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened. (d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.\n\nTo cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring. Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak. To tang bees, to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to make a din.\n\nTo make a ringing sound; to ring. Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.", - "tangshan": null, "tangy": null, - "tania": null, - "tanisha": null, "tank": "A small Indian dry measure, averaging 240 grains in weight; also, a Bombay weight of 72 grains, for pearls. Simmonds.\n\nA large basin or cistern; an artificial receptacle for liquids. Tank engine, a locomotive which carries the water and fuel it requires, thus dispensing with a tender. -- Tank iron, plate iron thinner than boiler plate, and thicker than sheet iron or stovepipe iron. -- Tank worm (Zoöl.), a small nematoid worm found in the water tanks of India, supposed by some to be the young of the Guinea worm.", "tankard": "A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover. Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the manner of Bacchus. Arbuthnot.", "tankards": "A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover. Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the manner of Bacchus. Arbuthnot.", @@ -77222,7 +68391,6 @@ "tanners": "One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan.", "tannery": "1. A place where the work of tanning is carried on. 2. The art or process of tanning. [R.] Carlyle.", "tannest": null, - "tannhauser": null, "tannin": "Same as Tannic acid, under Tannic.", "tanning": "The art or process of converting skins into leather. See Tan, v. t., 1.", "tans": "See Picul.\n\n1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has been used. Called also tan bark. 2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan. 3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as, hands covered with tan. Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark bed. -- Tan pickle, the liquor used in tanning leather. -- Tan spud, a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees. -- Tan stove. See Bark stove, under Bark. -- Tan vat, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.\n\nOf the color of tan; yellowish-brown. Black and tan. See under Black, a.\n\n1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark, whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree impervious to water. Note: The essential result in tanning is due to the fact that the tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of tanning. 2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin.\n\nTo get or become tanned.", @@ -77236,20 +68404,10 @@ "tantalizing": null, "tantalizingly": "In a tantalizing or teasing manner.", "tantalum": "A rare nonmetallic element found in certain minerals, as tantalite, samarskite, and fergusonite, and isolated as a dark powder which becomes steel-gray by burnishing. Symbol Ta. Atomic weight 182.0. Formerly called also tantalium.", - "tantalus": "1. A Phrygian king who was punished in the lower world by being placed in the midst of a lake whose waters reached to his chin but receded whenever he attempted to allay his thirst, while over his head hung branches laden with choice fruit which likewise receded whenever he stretched out his hand to grasp them. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of wading birds comprising the wood ibises. Tantalus's cup (Physics), a philosophical toy, consisting of a cup, within which is the figure of a man, and within the figure a siphon, the longer arm of which passes down through the bottom of the cup, and allows the escape of any liquid that may be poured in, when it reaches as high as the bend of the siphon, which is just below the level of the mouth of the figure in the cup.", "tantamount": "Equivalent in value, signification, or effect. A usage nearly tantamount to constitutional right. Hallam. The certainty that delay, under these circumstances, was tantamount to ruin. De Quincey.\n\nTo be tantamount or equivalent; to amount. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.", "tantra": "A ceremonial treatise related to Puranic and magic literature; esp., one of the sacred works of the worshipers of Sakti. -- Tan\"tric (-trik), a.", "tantrum": "A whim, or burst of ill-humor; an affected air. [Colloq.] Thackeray.", "tantrums": "A whim, or burst of ill-humor; an affected air. [Colloq.] Thackeray.", - "tanya": null, - "tanzania": null, - "tanzanian": null, - "tanzanians": null, - "tao": null, - "taoism": "One of the popular religions of China, sanctioned by the state. -- Ta\"o*ist, a. & n.", - "taoisms": "One of the popular religions of China, sanctioned by the state. -- Ta\"o*ist, a. & n.", - "taoist": null, - "taoists": null, "tap": "1. To strike with a slight or gentle blow; to touch gently; to rap lightly; to pat; as, to tap one with the hand or a cane. 2. To put a new sole or heel on; as, to tap shoes.\n\n1. A gentle or slight blow; a light rap; a pat. Addison. 2. A piece of leather fastened upon the bottom of a boot or shoe in repairing or renewing the sole or heel. 3. pl. (Mil.) A signal, by drum or trumpet, for extinguishing all lights in soldiers' quarters and retiring to bed, -- usually given about a quarter of an hour after tattoo. Wilhelm.\n\nTo strike a gentle blow.\n\n1. A hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn. 2. A plug or spile for stopping a hole pierced in a cask, or the like; a faucet. 3. Liquor drawn through a tap; hence, a certain kind or quality of liquor; as, a liquor of the same tap. [Colloq.] 4. A place where liquor is drawn for drinking; a taproom; a bar. [Colloq.] 5. (Mech.) A tool for forming an internal screw, as in a nut, consisting of a hardened steel male screw grooved longitudinally so as to have cutting edges. On tap. (a) Ready to be drawn; as, ale on tap. (b) Broached, or furnished with a tap; as, a barrel on tap. -- Plug tap (Mech.), a screw-cutting tap with a slightly tapering end. -- Tap bolt, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other end, to be screwed into some fixed part, instead of passing through the part and receiving a nut. See Illust. under Bolt. -- Tap cinder (Metal.), the slag of a puddling furnace.\n\n1. To pierce so as to let out, or draw off, a fluid; as, to tap a cask, a tree, a tumor, etc. 2. Hence, to draw from (anything) in any analogous way; as, to tap telegraph wires for the purpose of intercepting information; to tap the treasury. 3. To draw, or cause to flow, by piercing. Shak. He has been tapping his liquors. Addison. 4. (Mech.) To form an internal screw in (anything) by means of a tool called a tap; as, to tap a nut.", "tapas": "A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry; -- sometimes called also kapa.", "tape": "1. A narrow fillet or band of cotton or linen; a narrow woven fabric used for strings and the like; as, curtains tied with tape. 2. A tapeline; also, a metallic ribbon so marked as to serve as a tapeline; as, a steel tape. Red tape. See under Red. -- Tape grass (Bot.), a plant (Vallisneria spiralis) with long ribbonlike leaves, growing in fresh or brackish water; -- called also fresh-water eelgrass, and, in Maryland, wild celery. -- Tape needle. See Bodkin, n., 4.", @@ -77281,18 +68439,13 @@ "taproots": "The root of a plant which penetrates the earth directly downward to a considerable depth without dividing.", "taps": "1. To strike with a slight or gentle blow; to touch gently; to rap lightly; to pat; as, to tap one with the hand or a cane. 2. To put a new sole or heel on; as, to tap shoes.\n\n1. A gentle or slight blow; a light rap; a pat. Addison. 2. A piece of leather fastened upon the bottom of a boot or shoe in repairing or renewing the sole or heel. 3. pl. (Mil.) A signal, by drum or trumpet, for extinguishing all lights in soldiers' quarters and retiring to bed, -- usually given about a quarter of an hour after tattoo. Wilhelm.\n\nTo strike a gentle blow.\n\n1. A hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn. 2. A plug or spile for stopping a hole pierced in a cask, or the like; a faucet. 3. Liquor drawn through a tap; hence, a certain kind or quality of liquor; as, a liquor of the same tap. [Colloq.] 4. A place where liquor is drawn for drinking; a taproom; a bar. [Colloq.] 5. (Mech.) A tool for forming an internal screw, as in a nut, consisting of a hardened steel male screw grooved longitudinally so as to have cutting edges. On tap. (a) Ready to be drawn; as, ale on tap. (b) Broached, or furnished with a tap; as, a barrel on tap. -- Plug tap (Mech.), a screw-cutting tap with a slightly tapering end. -- Tap bolt, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other end, to be screwed into some fixed part, instead of passing through the part and receiving a nut. See Illust. under Bolt. -- Tap cinder (Metal.), the slag of a puddling furnace.\n\n1. To pierce so as to let out, or draw off, a fluid; as, to tap a cask, a tree, a tumor, etc. 2. Hence, to draw from (anything) in any analogous way; as, to tap telegraph wires for the purpose of intercepting information; to tap the treasury. 3. To draw, or cause to flow, by piercing. Shak. He has been tapping his liquors. Addison. 4. (Mech.) To form an internal screw in (anything) by means of a tool called a tap; as, to tap a nut.", "tar": "A sailor; a seaman. [Colloq.] Swift.\n\nA thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of wood, coal, etc., and having a varied composition according to the temperature and material employed in obtaining it. Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- Mineral tar (Min.), a kind of soft native bitumen. -- Tar board, a strong quality of millboard made from junk and old tarred rope. Knight. -- Tar water. (a) A cold infusion of tar in water, used as a medicine. (b) The ammoniacal water of gas works. -- Wood tar, tar obtained from wood. It is usually obtained by the distillation of the wood of the pine, spruce, or fir, and is used in varnishes, cements, and to render ropes, oakum, etc., impervious to water.\n\nTo smear with tar, or as with tar; as, to tar ropes; to tar cloth. To tar and feather a person. See under Feather, v. t.", - "tara": null, "taramasalata": null, "tarantella": "(a) A rapid and delirious sort of Neapolitan dance in 6-8 time, which moves in whirling triplets; -- so called from a popular notion of its being a remedy against the poisonous bite of the tarantula. Some derive its name from Taranto in Apulia. (b) Music suited to such a dance.", "tarantellas": "(a) A rapid and delirious sort of Neapolitan dance in 6-8 time, which moves in whirling triplets; -- so called from a popular notion of its being a remedy against the poisonous bite of the tarantula. Some derive its name from Taranto in Apulia. (b) Music suited to such a dance.", - "tarantino": null, "tarantula": "Any one of several species of large spiders, popularly supposed to be very venomous, especially the European species (Tarantula apuliæ). The tarantulas of Texas and adjacent countries are large species of Mygale. [Written also tarentula.] Tarantula killer, a very large wasp (Pompilus formosus), which captures the Texan tarantula (Mygale Hentzii) and places it in its nest as food for its young, after paralyzing it by a sting.", "tarantulas": "Any one of several species of large spiders, popularly supposed to be very venomous, especially the European species (Tarantula apuliæ). The tarantulas of Texas and adjacent countries are large species of Mygale. [Written also tarentula.] Tarantula killer, a very large wasp (Pompilus formosus), which captures the Texan tarantula (Mygale Hentzii) and places it in its nest as food for its young, after paralyzing it by a sting.", - "tarawa": null, - "tarazed": null, "tarball": null, "tarballs": null, - "tarbell": null, "tardier": null, "tardiest": null, "tardily": "In a tardy manner; slowly.", @@ -77307,10 +68460,7 @@ "targets": "1. A kind of small shield or buckler, used as a defensive weapon in war. 2. (a) A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile. (b) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman on a butt or mark; as, he made a good target. 3. (Surveying) The sliding crosspiece, or vane, on a leveling staff. 4. (Railroad) A conspicuous disk attached to a switch lever to show its position, or for use as a signal.", "tariff": "1. A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U.S. 1833). Note: The United States and Great Britain impose no duties on exports; hence, in these countries the tariff refers only to imports. 2. The duty, or rate of duty, so imposed; as, the tariff on wool; a tariff of two cents a pound. 3. Any schedule or system of rates, changes, etc.; as, a tariff of fees, or of railroad fares. Bolingbroke.\n\nTo make a list of duties on, as goods.", "tariffs": "1. A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U.S. 1833). Note: The United States and Great Britain impose no duties on exports; hence, in these countries the tariff refers only to imports. 2. The duty, or rate of duty, so imposed; as, the tariff on wool; a tariff of two cents a pound. 3. Any schedule or system of rates, changes, etc.; as, a tariff of fees, or of railroad fares. Bolingbroke.\n\nTo make a list of duties on, as goods.", - "tarim": null, "taring": "The common tern; -- called also tarret, and tarrock. [Prov. Eng.]", - "tarkenton": null, - "tarkington": null, "tarmac": null, "tarmacadam": null, "tarmacked": null, @@ -77353,7 +68503,6 @@ "tartar": "1. (Chem.) A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc. 2. A correction which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of salivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime. Cream of tartar. (Chem.) See under Cream. -- Tartar emetic (Med. Chem.), a double tartrate of potassium and basic antimony. It is a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweetish metallic taste, and used in medicine as a sudorific and emetic.\n\n1. Etym: [Per. Tatar, of Tartar origin.] A native or inhabitant of Tartary in Asia; a member of any one of numerous tribes, chiefly Moslem, of Turkish origin, inhabiting the Russian Europe; -- written also, more correctly but less usually, Tatar. 2. A person of a keen, irritable temper. To catch a tartar, to lay hold of, or encounter, a person who proves too strong for the assailant. [Colloq.]\n\nOf or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars.\n\nSee Tartarus. Shak.", "tartaric": "Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartarian lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz.\n\nOf or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling, tartar. Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries, etc., and obtained from tartar as a white crystalline substance, C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid taste. It is used in medicine, in dyeing, calico printing, photography, etc., and also as a substitute for lemon juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid. (b) By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids (racemic acid, levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid) of which tartaric acid proper is the type.", "tartars": "1. (Chem.) A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc. 2. A correction which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of salivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime. Cream of tartar. (Chem.) See under Cream. -- Tartar emetic (Med. Chem.), a double tartrate of potassium and basic antimony. It is a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweetish metallic taste, and used in medicine as a sudorific and emetic.\n\n1. Etym: [Per. Tatar, of Tartar origin.] A native or inhabitant of Tartary in Asia; a member of any one of numerous tribes, chiefly Moslem, of Turkish origin, inhabiting the Russian Europe; -- written also, more correctly but less usually, Tatar. 2. A person of a keen, irritable temper. To catch a tartar, to lay hold of, or encounter, a person who proves too strong for the assailant. [Colloq.]\n\nOf or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars.\n\nSee Tartarus. Shak.", - "tartary": "Tartarus. [Obs.] Spenser. TARTINI'S TONES Tar*ti\"ni's tones`. Etym: [From Tartini, an Italian violinist, who discovered them in 1754.] See the Note under Tone.", "tarted": null, "tarter": null, "tartest": null, @@ -77362,15 +68511,11 @@ "tartly": "In a tart manner; with acidity.", "tartness": "The quality or state of being tart. Syn. -- Acrimony; sourness; keenness; poignancy; severity; asperity; acerbity; harshness. See Acrimony.", "tarts": "1. Sharp to the taste; acid; sour; as, a tart apple. 2. Fig.: Sharp; keen; severe; as, a tart reply; tart language; a tart rebuke. Why art thou tart, my brother Bunyan.\n\nA species of small open pie, or piece of pastry, containing jelly or conserve; a sort of fruit pie.", - "tartuffe": "A hypocritical devotee. See the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.", "tarty": null, - "tarzan": null, "taser": null, "tasered": null, "tasering": null, "tasers": null, - "tasha": null, - "tashkent": null, "task": "1. Labor or study imposed by another, often in a definite quantity or amount. Ma task of servile toil. Milton. Each morning sees some task begin, Each evening sees it close. Longfellow. 2. Business; employment; undertaking; labor. His mental powers were equal to greater tasks. Atterbury. To take to task. See under Take. Syn. -- Work; labor; employment; business; toil; drudgery; study; lesson; stint.\n\n1. To impose a task upon; to assign a definite amount of business, labor, or duty to. There task thy maids, and exercise the loom. Dryden. 2. To oppress with severe or excessive burdens; to tax. 3. To charge; to tax; as with a fault. Too impudent to task me with those errors. Beau. & Fl.", "taskbar": null, "tasked": null, @@ -77380,10 +68525,6 @@ "taskmistress": null, "taskmistresses": null, "tasks": "1. Labor or study imposed by another, often in a definite quantity or amount. Ma task of servile toil. Milton. Each morning sees some task begin, Each evening sees it close. Longfellow. 2. Business; employment; undertaking; labor. His mental powers were equal to greater tasks. Atterbury. To take to task. See under Take. Syn. -- Work; labor; employment; business; toil; drudgery; study; lesson; stint.\n\n1. To impose a task upon; to assign a definite amount of business, labor, or duty to. There task thy maids, and exercise the loom. Dryden. 2. To oppress with severe or excessive burdens; to tax. 3. To charge; to tax; as with a fault. Too impudent to task me with those errors. Beau. & Fl.", - "tasman": null, - "tasmania": null, - "tasmanian": "Of or pertaining to Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tasmania; specifically (Ethnol.), in the plural, the race of men that formerly inhabited Tasmania, but is now extinct. Tasmanain cider tree. (Bot.) See the Note under Eucalyptus. -- Tasmanain devil. (Zoöl.) See under Devil. -- Tasmanain wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial; -- called also zebra wolf. See Zebra wolf, under Wolf.", - "tass": "A heap. [Obs.] \"The tas of bodies slain.\" Chaucer.\n\nTo tassel. [Obs.] \"A purse of leather tassed with silk.\" Chaucer.", "tassel": "A male hawk. See Tercel.\n\nA kind of bur used in dressing cloth; a teasel.\n\n1. A pendent ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to curtains, and the like, ending in a tuft of loose threads or cords. 2. The flower or head of some plants, esp. when pendent. And the maize field grew and ripened, Till it stood in all the splendor Of its garments green and yellow, Of its tassels and its plumage. Longfellow. 3. A narrow silk ribbon, or the like, sewed to a book to be put between the leaves. 4. (Arch.) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers; -- rarely used in the United States. Tassel flower (Bot.), a name of several composite plants of the genus Cineraria, especially the C. sconchifolia, and of the blossoms which they bear.\n\nTo put forth a tassel or flower; as, maize tassels.\n\nTo adorn with tassels. Chaucer.", "tasseled": null, "tasseling": null, @@ -77409,9 +68550,6 @@ "tat": "Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or jute. [India]\n\nA pony. [India]", "tatami": null, "tatamis": null, - "tatar": null, - "tatars": null, - "tate": null, "tater": null, "taters": null, "tats": "Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or jute. [India]\n\nA pony. [India]", @@ -77444,7 +68582,6 @@ "tattooists": null, "tattoos": "A beat of drum, or sound of a trumpet or bugle, at night, giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters in garrison, or to their tents in camp. The Devil's tattoo. See under Devil.\n\nTo color, as the flesh, by pricking in coloring matter, so as to form marks or figures which can not be washed out.\n\nAn indelible mark or figure made by puncturing the skin and introducing some pigment into the punctures; -- a mode of ornamentation practiced by various barbarous races, both in ancient and modern times, and also by some among civilized nations, especially by sailors.", "tatty": "A mat or screen of fibers, as of the kuskus grass, hung at a door or window and kept wet to moisten and cool the air as it enters. [India]", - "tatum": null, "tau": "The common American toadfish; -- so called from a marking resembling the Greek letter tau (t). Tau cross. See Illust. 6, of Cross.", "taught": "See Taut. Totten.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Teach. Etym: [AS. imp. tæhte, p.p. getæht.] Note: See Teach.", "taunt": "Very high or tall; as, a ship with taunt masts. Totten.\n\nTo reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid; to jeer at; to flout. When I had at my pleasure taunted her. Shak. Syn. -- To deride; ridicule; mock; jeer; flout; revile. See Deride.\n\nUpbraiding language; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective. With scoffs, and scorns, and contemelious taunts. Shak. With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest. Prior.", @@ -77455,8 +68592,6 @@ "tauntingly": "In a taunting manner.", "taunts": "Very high or tall; as, a ship with taunt masts. Totten.\n\nTo reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid; to jeer at; to flout. When I had at my pleasure taunted her. Shak. Syn. -- To deride; ridicule; mock; jeer; flout; revile. See Deride.\n\nUpbraiding language; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective. With scoffs, and scorns, and contemelious taunts. Shak. With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest. Prior.", "taupe": null, - "taurus": "1. (Astron.) (a) The Bull; the second in order of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of April; -- marked thus [taurus] in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, containing the well-known clusters called the Pleiades and the Hyades, in the latter of which is situated the remarkably bright Aldebaran. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of ruminants comprising the common domestic cattle.", - "tauruses": null, "taus": "The common American toadfish; -- so called from a marking resembling the Greek letter tau (t). Tau cross. See Illust. 6, of Cross.", "taut": "1. (Naut.) Tight; stretched; not slack; -- said esp. of a rope that is tightly strained. 2. Sung; close; firm; secure. Taut hand (Naut.), a sailor's term for an officer who is severe in discipline.", "tauten": null, @@ -77472,7 +68607,6 @@ "tautologies": null, "tautologous": "Repeating the same thing in different words; tautological. [R.] Tooke.", "tautology": "A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition of an idea in different words or phrases; a representation of anything as the cause, condition, or consequence of itself, as in the following lines: -- The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers, And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addison. Syn. -- Repetition. -- Tautology, Repetition. There may be frequent repetitions (as in legal instruments) which are warranted either by necessity or convenience; but tautology is always a fault, being a sameness of expression which adds nothing to the sense or the sound.", - "tavares": null, "tavern": "A public house where travelers and other transient guests are accomodated with rooms and meals; an inn; a hotel; especially, in modern times, a public house licensed to sell liquor in small quantities.", "taverns": "A public house where travelers and other transient guests are accomodated with rooms and meals; an inn; a hotel; especially, in modern times, a public house licensed to sell liquor in small quantities.", "tawdrier": null, @@ -77480,7 +68614,6 @@ "tawdrily": "In a tawdry manner.", "tawdriness": "Quality or state of being tawdry. A clumsy person makes his ungracefulness more ungraceful by tawdriness of dress. Richardson.", "tawdry": "1. Bought at the festival of St. Audrey. [Obs.] And gird in your waist, For more fineness, with a tawdry lace. Spenser. 2. Very fine and showy in colors, without taste or elegance; having an excess of showy ornaments without grace; cheap and gaudy; as, a tawdry dress; tawdry feathers; tawdry colors. He rails from morning to night at essenced fops and tawdry courtiers. Spectator.\n\nA necklace of a rural fashion, bought at St. Audrey's fair; hence, a necklace in general. [Obs.] Of which the Naiads and the blue Nereids make Them tawdries for their necks. Drayton.", - "tawney": null, "tawnier": null, "tawniest": null, "tawny": "Of a dull yellowish brown color, like things tanned, or persons who are sunburnt; as, tawny Moor or Spaniard; the tawny lion. \"A leopard's tawny and spotted hide.\" Longfellow.", @@ -77517,17 +68650,9 @@ "taxpayer": "One who is assessed and pays a tax.", "taxpayers": "One who is assessed and pays a tax.", "taxpaying": null, - "taylor": null, "tb": null, - "tba": null, - "tbilisi": null, "tbs": null, "tbsp": null, - "tc": null, - "tchaikovsky": null, - "td": null, - "tdd": null, - "te": null, "tea": "1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree (Thea, or Camellia, Chinensis). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced to some extent into some other countries. Note: Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire. The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties; and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds. See Bohea, Congou, Gunpowder tea, under Gunpowder, Hyson, Oolong, and Souchong. K. Johnson. Tomlinson. Note: \"No knowledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and brought it to Europe.\" Encyc. Brit. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is a common beverage. 3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea. 4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper. Arabian tea, the leaves of Catha edulis; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See Kat. -- Assam tea, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there from China about the year 1850. -- Australian, or Botany Bay, tea (Bot.), a woody clambing plant (Smilax glycyphylla). -- Brazilian tea. (a) The dried leaves of Lantana pseodothea, used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of Stachytarpheta mutabilis, used for adulterating tea, and also, in Austria, for preparing a beverage. -- Labrador tea. (Bot.) See under Labrador. -- New Jersey tea (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See Redroot. -- New Zealand tea. (Bot.) See under New Zealand. -- Oswego tea. (Bot.) See Oswego tea. -- Paraguay tea, mate. See 1st Mate. -- Tea board, a board or tray for holding a tea set. -- Tea bug (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves. -- Tea caddy, a small box for holding tea. -- Tea chest, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China. -- Tea clam (Zoöl.), a small quahaug. [Local, U.S.] -- Tea garden, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served. -- Tea plant (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in making a beverage by infusion; specifically, Thea Chinensis, from which the tea of commerce is obtained. -- Tea rose (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose (Rosa Indica, var. odorata), introduced from China, and so named from its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated. -- Tea service, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk pitcher, and sugar dish. -- Tea set, a tea service. -- Tea table, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drunk. -- Tea taster, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by tasting. -- Tea tree (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See Tea plant, above. -- Tea urn, a vessel generally in the form of an urn or vase, for supplying hot water for steeping, or infusing, tea.\n\nTo take or drink tea. [Colloq.]", "teabag": null, "teabags": null, @@ -77585,7 +68710,6 @@ "tears": "1. (Physiol.) A drop of the limpid, saline fluid secreted, normally in small amount, by the lachrymal gland, and diffused between the eye and the eyelids to moisten the parts and facilitate their motion. Ordinarily the secretion passes through the lachrymal duct into the nose, but when it is increased by emotion or other causes, it overflows the lids. And yet for thee ne wept she never a tear. Chaucer. 2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter; also, a solid, transparent, tear-shaped drop, as of some balsams or resins. Let Araby extol her happy coast, Her fragrant flowers, her trees with precious tears. Dryden. 3. That which causes or accompanies tears; a lament; a dirge. [R.] \"Some melodous tear.\" Milton. Note: Tear is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, tear-distilling, tear-drop, tear-filled, tear-stained, and the like.\n\n1. To separate by violence; to pull apart by force; to rend; to lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment; to tear the skin or flesh. Tear him to pieces; he's a conspirator. Shak. 2. Hence, to divide by violent measures; to disrupt; to rend; as, a party or government torn by factions. 3. To rend away; to force away; to remove by force; to sunder; as, a child torn from its home. The hand of fate Hath torn thee from me. Addison. 4. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair. 5. To move violently; to agitate. \"Once I loved torn ocean's roar.\" Byron. To tear a cat, to rant violently; to rave; -- especially applied to theatrical ranting. [Obs.] Shak. -- To tear down, to demolish violently; to pull or pluck down. -- To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip. -- To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes. -- To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundation of government or order.\n\n1. To divide or separate on being pulled; to be rent; as, this cloth tears easily. 2. To move and act with turbulent violence; to rush with violence; hence, to rage; to rave.\n\nThe act of tearing, or the state of being torn; a rent; a fissure. Macaulay. Wear and tear. See under Wear, n.", "teary": "1. Wet with tears; tearful. 2. Consisting of tears, or drops like tears.", "teas": "1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree (Thea, or Camellia, Chinensis). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced to some extent into some other countries. Note: Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire. The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties; and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds. See Bohea, Congou, Gunpowder tea, under Gunpowder, Hyson, Oolong, and Souchong. K. Johnson. Tomlinson. Note: \"No knowledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and brought it to Europe.\" Encyc. Brit. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is a common beverage. 3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea. 4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper. Arabian tea, the leaves of Catha edulis; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See Kat. -- Assam tea, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there from China about the year 1850. -- Australian, or Botany Bay, tea (Bot.), a woody clambing plant (Smilax glycyphylla). -- Brazilian tea. (a) The dried leaves of Lantana pseodothea, used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of Stachytarpheta mutabilis, used for adulterating tea, and also, in Austria, for preparing a beverage. -- Labrador tea. (Bot.) See under Labrador. -- New Jersey tea (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See Redroot. -- New Zealand tea. (Bot.) See under New Zealand. -- Oswego tea. (Bot.) See Oswego tea. -- Paraguay tea, mate. See 1st Mate. -- Tea board, a board or tray for holding a tea set. -- Tea bug (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves. -- Tea caddy, a small box for holding tea. -- Tea chest, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China. -- Tea clam (Zoöl.), a small quahaug. [Local, U.S.] -- Tea garden, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served. -- Tea plant (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in making a beverage by infusion; specifically, Thea Chinensis, from which the tea of commerce is obtained. -- Tea rose (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose (Rosa Indica, var. odorata), introduced from China, and so named from its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated. -- Tea service, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk pitcher, and sugar dish. -- Tea set, a tea service. -- Tea table, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drunk. -- Tea taster, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by tasting. -- Tea tree (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See Tea plant, above. -- Tea urn, a vessel generally in the form of an urn or vase, for supplying hot water for steeping, or infusing, tea.\n\nTo take or drink tea. [Colloq.]", - "teasdale": null, "tease": "1. To comb or card, as wool or flax. \"Teasing matted wool.\" Wordsworth. 2. To stratch, as cloth, for the purpose of raising a nap; teasel. 3. (Anat.) To tear or separate into minute shreds, as with needles or similar instruments. 4. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy, disturb, or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery; to plague. Cowper. He . . . suffered them to tease him into acts directly opposed to his strongest inclinations. Macaulay. Syn. -- To vex; harass: annoy; disturb; irritate; plague; torment; mortify; tantalize; chagrin. -- Tease, Vex. To tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies a prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, which is often more irritating, and harder to bear, than severe pain. Vex meant originally to seize and bear away hither and thither, and hence, to disturb; as, to vex the ocean with storms. This sense of the term now rarely occurs; but vex is still a stronger word than tease, denoting the disturbance or anger created by minor provocations, losses, disappointments, etc. We are teased by the buzzing of a fly in our eyes; we are vexed by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants. Not by the force of carnal reason, But indefatigable teasing. Hudibras. In disappointments, where the affections have been strongly placed, and the expectations sanguine, particularly where the agency of others is concerned, sorrow may degenerate into vexation and chagrin. Cogan. Tease tenon (Joinery), a long tenon at the top of a post to receive two beams crossing each other one above the other.\n\nOne who teases or plagues. [Colloq.]", "teased": null, "teasel": "1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Dipsacus, of which one species (D. fullonum) bears a large flower head covered with stiff, prickly, hooked bracts. This flower head, when dried, is used for raising a nap on woolen cloth. Note: Small teasel is Dipsacus pilosus, wild teasel is D. sylvestris. 2. A bur of this plant. 3. Any contrivance intended as a substitute for teasels in dressing cloth. Teasel frame, a frame or set of iron bars in which teasel heads are fixed for raising the nap on woolen cloth.\n\nTo subject, as woolen cloth, to the action of teasels, or any substitute for them which has an effect to raise a nap.", @@ -77634,7 +68758,6 @@ "techs": null, "tectonic": "Of or pertaining to building or construction; architectural.", "tectonics": "The science, or the art, by which implements, vessels, dwellings, or other edifices, are constructed, both agreeably to the end for which they are designed, and in conformity with artistic sentiments and ideas.", - "tecumseh": null, "ted": "To spread, or turn from the swath, and scatter for drying, as new-mowed grass; -- chiefly used in the past participle. The smell of grain or tedded grass. Milton. The tedded hay and corn sheaved in one field. Coleridge.", "teddies": null, "teddy": null, @@ -77674,11 +68797,6 @@ "teetotaler": "One pledged to entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks.", "teetotalers": "One pledged to entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks.", "teetotalism": "The principle or practice of entire abstinence, esp. from intoxicating drinks.", - "tefl": null, - "teflon": null, - "teflons": null, - "tegucigalpa": null, - "tehran": null, "tektite": null, "tektites": null, "tel": null, @@ -77716,8 +68834,6 @@ "telegraphy": "The science or art of constructing, or of communicating by means of, telegraphs; as, submarine telegraphy.", "telekinesis": null, "telekinetic": null, - "telemachus": null, - "telemann": null, "telemarketer": null, "telemarketers": null, "telemarketing": null, @@ -77795,16 +68911,10 @@ "tellurium": "A rare nonmetallic element, analogous to sulphur and selenium, occasionally found native as a substance of a silver-white metallic luster, but usually combined with metals, as with gold and silver in the mineral sylvanite, with mercury in Coloradoite, etc. Symbol Te. Atomic weight 125.2. Graphic tellurium. (Min.) See Sylvanite. -- Tellurium glance (Min.), nagyagite; -- called also black tellurium.", "telly": null, "telnet": null, - "telnets": null, - "telnetted": null, - "telnetting": null, - "telugu": "1. A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani (in its various forms) and Bengali. [Spelt also Teloogoo.] 2. One of the people speaking the Telugu language.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Telugu language, or the Telugus.", "temblor": "An earthquake. [Western U. S.]", "temblors": "An earthquake. [Western U. S.]", - "temecula": null, "temerity": "Unreasonable contempt of danger; extreme venturesomeness; rashness; as, the temerity of a commander in war. Syn. -- Rashness; precipitancy; heedlessness; venturesomeness. -- Temerity, Rashness. These words are closely allied in sense, but have a slight difference in their use and application. Temerity is Latin, and rashness is Anglo-Saxon. As in many such cases, the Latin term is more select and dignified; the Anglo-Saxon more familiar and energetic. We show temerity in hasty decisions, and the conduct to which they lead. We show rashness in particular actions, as dictated by sudden impulse. It is an exhibition of temerity to approach the verge of a precipice; it is an act of rashness to jump into a river without being able to swim. Temerity, then, is an unreasonable contempt of danger; rashness is a rushing into danger from thoughtlessness or excited feeling. It is notorious temerity to pass sentence upon grounds uncapable of evidence. Barrow. Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat. Milton.", "temp": null, - "tempe": null, "temped": null, "temper": "1. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm. Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated a milder system. Bancroft. Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee To temper man: we had been brutes without you. Otway. But thy fire Shall be more tempered, and thy hope far higher. Byron. She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her, that tempered the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colors. Addison. 2. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate. Thy sustenance . . . serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking. Wisdom xvi. 21. 3. (Metal.) To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel. The tempered metals clash, and yield a silver sound. Dryden. 4. To govern; to manage. [A Latinism & Obs.] With which the damned ghosts he governeth, And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth. Spenser. 5. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay for making brick, loam for molding, etc. 6. (Mus.) To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use. Syn. -- To soften; mollify; assuage; soothe; calm.\n\n1. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar. 2. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy. The exquisiteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper increased the exquisiteness of his torment. Fuller. 3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper. Remember with what mild And gracious temper he both heared and judged. Milton. The consequents of a certain ethical temper. J. H. Newman. 4. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper. To fall with dignity, with temper rise. Pope. Restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers. B. Jonson. 5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a reproachful sense. [Colloq.] 6. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel. 7. Middle state or course; mean; medium. [R.] The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, and the mere man of business, who can see nothing but particular circumstances. Macaulay. 8. (Sugar Works) Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar. Temper screw, in deep well boring, an adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses. Syn. -- Disposition; temperament; frame; humor; mood. See Disposition.\n\n1. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft and pliable. I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him. Shak.", "tempera": "A mode or process of painting; distemper. Note: The term is applied especially to early Italian painting, common vehicles of which were yolk of egg, yolk and white of egg mixed together, the white juice of the fig tree, and the like.", @@ -77828,7 +68938,6 @@ "tempestuously": null, "tempestuousness": null, "temping": null, - "templar": "1. One of a religious and military order first established at Jerusalem, in the early part of the 12th century, for the protection of pilgrims and of the Holy Sepulcher. These Knights Templars, or Knights of the Temple, were so named because they occupied an apartment of the palace of Bladwin II. in Jerusalem, near the Temple. Note: The order was first limited in numbers, and its members were bound by vows of chastity and poverty. After the conquest of Palestine by the Saracens, the Templars spread over Europe, and, by reason of their reputation for valor and piety, they were enriched by numerous donations of money and lands. The extravagances and vices of the later Templars, however, finally led to the suppression of the order by the Council of Vienne in 1312. 2. A student of law, so called from having apartments in the Temple at London, the original buildings having belonged to the Knights Templars. See Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, under Temple. [Eng.] 3. One belonged to a certain order or degree among the Freemasons, called Knights Templars. Also, one of an order among temperance men, styled Good Templars.\n\nOf or pertaining to a temple. [R.] Solitary, family, and templar devotion. Coleridge.", "template": "Same as Templet.", "templates": "Same as Templet.", "temple": "A contrivence used in a loom for keeping the web stretched transversely.\n\n1. (Anat.) The space, on either side of the head, back of the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear. 2. One of the side bars of a pair of spectacles, jointed to the bows, and passing one on either side of the head to hold the spectacles in place.\n\n1. A place or edifice dedicated to the worship of some deity; as, the temple of Jupiter at Athens, or of Juggernaut in India. \"The temple of mighty Mars.\" Chaucer. 2. (Jewish Antiq.) The edifice erected at Jerusalem for the worship of Jehovah. Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch. John x. 23. 3. Hence, among Christians, an edifice erected as a place of public worship; a church. Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God enter with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by prayer Buckminster. 4. Fig.: Any place in which the divine presence specially resides. \"The temple of his body.\" John ii. 21. Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the spirit of God dwelleth in you 1 Cor. iii. 16. The groves were God's first temples. Bryant. Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, two buildings, or ranges of buildings, occupied by two inns of court in London, on the site of a monastic establishment of the Knights Templars, called the Temple.\n\nTo build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to; as, to temple a god. [R.] Feltham.", @@ -77915,16 +69024,9 @@ "tenet": "Any opinion, principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine, which a person holds or maintains as true; as, the tenets of Plato or of Cicero. That al animals of the land are in their kind in the sea, . . . is a tenet very questionable. Sir T. Browne. The religious tenets of his family he had early renounced with contempt. Macaulay. Syn. -- Dogma; doctrine; opinion; principle; position. See Dogma.", "tenets": "Any opinion, principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine, which a person holds or maintains as true; as, the tenets of Plato or of Cicero. That al animals of the land are in their kind in the sea, . . . is a tenet very questionable. Sir T. Browne. The religious tenets of his family he had early renounced with contempt. Macaulay. Syn. -- Dogma; doctrine; opinion; principle; position. See Dogma.", "tenfold": "In tens; consisting of ten in one; ten times repeated. The grisly Terror . . . grew tenfold More dreadful and deform. Milton.", - "tenn": null, "tenner": null, "tenners": null, - "tennessean": null, - "tennesseans": null, - "tennessee": null, "tennis": "A play in which a ball is driven to and fro, or kept in motion by striking it with a racket or with the open hand. Shak. His easy bow, his good stories, his style of dancing and playing tennis, . . . were familiar to all London. Macaulay. Court tennis, the old game of tennis as played within walled courts of peculiar construction; -- distinguished from lawn tennis. -- Lawn tennis. See under Lawn, n. -- Tennis court, a place or court for playing the game of tennis. Shak.\n\nTo drive backward and forward, as a ball in playing tennis. [R.] Spenser.", - "tennyson": null, - "tennysonian": "Of or pertaining to Alfred (Lord) Tennyson, the English poet (1809-92); resembling, or having some of the characteristics of, his poetry, as simplicity, pictorial quality, sensuousness, etc. TEN-O'CLOCK Ten\"-o'*clock`, n. (Bot.) A plant, the star-of-Bethlehem. See under Star.", - "tenochtitlan": null, "tenon": "A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it, and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure together the parts of a frame; especially, such a member when it passes entirely through the thickness of the piece in which the mortise is cut, and shows on the other side. Cf. Tooth, Tusk. Tenon saw, a saw with a thin blade, usually stiffened by a brass or steel back, for cutting tenons. [Corruptly written tenant saw.] Gwilt.\n\nTo cut or fit for insertion into a mortise, as the end of a piece of timber.", "tenoned": null, "tenoning": null, @@ -77947,7 +69049,6 @@ "tensions": "1. The act of stretching or straining; the state of being stretched or strained to stiffness; the state of being bent strained; as, the tension of the muscles, tension of the larynx. 2. Fig.: Extreme strain of mind or excitement of feeling; intense effort. 3. The degree of stretching to which a wire, cord, piece of timber, or the like, is strained by drawing it in the direction of its length; strain. Gwilt. 4. (Mech.) The force by which a part is pulled when forming part of any system in equilibrium or in motion; as, the tension of a srting supporting a weight equals that weight. 5. A device for checking the delivery of the thread in a sewing machine, so as to give the stitch the required degree of tightness. 6. (Physics) Expansive force; the force with which the particles of a body, as a gas, tend to recede from each other and occupy a larger space; elastic force; elasticity; as, the tension of vapor; the tension of air. 7. (Elec.) The quality in consequence of which an electric charge tends to discharge itself, as into the air by a spark, or to pass from a body of greater to one of less electrical potential. It varies as the quantity of electricity upon a given area. Tension brace, or Tension member (Engin.), a brace or member designed to resist tension, or subjected to tension, in a structure. -- Tension rod (Engin.), an iron rod used as a tension member to strengthen timber or metal framework, roofs, or the like.", "tensity": "The quality or state of being tense, or strained to stiffness; tension; tenseness.", "tensor": "1. (Anat.) A muscle that stretches a part, or renders it tense. 2. (Geom.) The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor.", - "tensorflow": null, "tensors": "1. (Anat.) A muscle that stretches a part, or renders it tense. 2. (Geom.) The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor.", "tent": "A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga in Spain; -- called also tent wine, and tinta.\n\n1. Attention; regard, care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Lydgate. 2. Intention; design. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\nTo attend to; to heed; hence, to guard; to hinder. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.\n\nTo probe or to search with a tent; to keep open with a tent; as, to tent a wound. Used also figuratively. I'll tent him to the quick. Shak.\n\n(a) A roll of lint or linen, or a conical or cylindrical piece of sponge or other absorbent, used chiefly to dilate a natural canal, to keep open the orifice of a wound, or to absorb discharges. (b) A probe for searching a wound. The tent that searches To the bottom of the worst. Shak.\n\n1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, -- used for sheltering persons from the weather, especially soldiers in camp. Within his tent, large as is a barn. Chaucer. 2. (Her.) The representation of a tent used as a bearing. Tent bed, a high-post bedstead curtained with a tentlike canopy. -- Tent caterpillar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of gregarious caterpillars which construct on trees large silken webs into which they retreat when at rest. Some of the species are very destructive to fruit trees. The most common American species is the larva of a bombycid moth (Clisiocampa Americana). Called also lackery caterpillar, and webworm.\n\nTo lodge as a tent; to tabernacle. Shak. We 're tenting to-night on the old camp ground. W. Kittredge.", "tentacle": "A more or less elongated process or organ, simple or branched, proceeding from the head or cephalic region of invertebrate animals, being either an organ of sense, prehension, or motion. Tentacle sheath (Zoöl.), a sheathlike structure around the base of the tentacles of many mollusks.", @@ -77972,7 +69073,6 @@ "tenured": null, "tenures": "1. The act or right of holding, as property, especially real estate. That the tenure of estates might rest on equity, the Indian title to lands was in all cases to be quieted. Bancroft. 2. (Eng. Law) The manner of holding lands and tenements of a superior. Note: Tenure is inseparable from the idea of property in land, according to the theory of the English law; and this idea of tenure pervades, to a considerable extent, the law of real property in the United States, where the title to land is essentially allodial, and almost all lands are held in fee simple, not of a superior, but the whole right and title to the property being vested in the owner. Tenure, in general, then, is the particular manner of holding real estate, as by exclusive title or ownership, by fee simple, by fee tail, by courtesy, in dower, by copyhold, by lease, at will, etc. 3. The consideration, condition, or service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or superior for the use of his land. 4. Manner of holding, in general; as, in absolute governments, men hold their rights by a precarious tenure. All that seems thine own, Held by the tenure of his will alone. Cowper. Tenure by fee alms. (Law) See Frankalmoigne.", "tenuring": null, - "teotihuacan": null, "tepee": "An Indian wigwam or tent.", "tepees": "An Indian wigwam or tent.", "tepid": "Moderately warm; lukewarm; as, a tepid bath; tepid rays; tepid vapors. -- Tep\"id*ness, n.", @@ -77997,12 +69097,7 @@ "tercentenary": "Including, or relating to, an interval of three hundred years. -- n. The three hundredth anniversary of any event; also, a celebration of such an anniversary.", "tercentennial": null, "tercentennials": null, - "terence": null, - "teresa": null, - "tereshkova": null, - "teri": null, "teriyaki": null, - "terkel": null, "term": "1. That which limits the extent of anything; limit; extremity; bound; boundary. Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms, or boundaries. Bacon. 2. The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life. 3. In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the school year is divided into three terms. 4. (Geom.) A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid. 5. (Law) A fixed period of time; a prescribed duration; as: (a) The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years. (b) A space of time granted to a debtor for discharging his obligation. (c) The time in which a court is held or is open for the trial of causes. Bouvier. Note: In England, there were formerly four terms in the year, during which the superior courts were open: Hilary term, beginning on the 11th and ending on the 31st of January; Easter term, beginning on the 15th of April, and ending on the 8th of May; Trinity term, beginning on the 22d day of May, and ending on the 12th of June; Michaelmas term, beginning on the 2d and ending on the 25th day of November. The rest of the year was called vacation. But this division has been practically abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873, 1875, which provide for the more convenient arrangement of the terms and vacations. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the tribunals of justice are prescribed by the statutes of Congress and of the several States. 6. (Logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice. The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle, together called its terms or extremes. Sir W. Hamilton. Note: The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term, because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called the extermes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the following syllogism, --Every vegetable is combustible; Every tree is a vegetable; Therefore every tree is combustible, -combustible, the predicate of the conclusion, is the major term; tree is the minor term; vegetable is the middle term. 7. A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term. \"Terms quaint of law.\" Chaucer. In painting, the greatest beauties can not always be expressed for want of terms. Dryden. 8. (Arch.) A quadrangular pillar, adorned on the top with the figure of a head, as of a man, woman, or satyr; -- called also terminal figure. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3. Note: The pillar part frequently tapers downward, or is narrowest at the base. Terms rudely carved were formerly used for landmarks or boundaries. Gwilt. 9. (Alg.) A member of a compound quantity; as, a or b in a + b; ab or cd in ab - cd. 10. pl. (Med.) The menses. 11. pl. (Law) Propositions or promises, as in contracts, which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties; conditions. 12. (Law) In Scotland, the time fixed for the payment of rents. Note: Terms legal and conventional in Scotland correspond to quarter days in England and Ireland. There are two legal terms -- Whitsunday, May 15, and Martinmas, Nov. 11; and two conventional terms -- Candlemas, Feb. 2, and Lammas day, Aug. 1. Mozley & W. 13. (Naut.) A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail. J. Knowels. In term, in set terms; in formal phrase. [Obs.] I can not speak in term. Chaucer. -- Term fee (Law) (a), a fee by the term, chargeable to a suitor, or by law fixed and taxable in the costs of a cause for each or any term it is in court. -- Terms of a proportion (Math.), the four members of which it is composed. -- To bring to terms, to compel (one) to agree, assent, or submit; to force (one) to come to terms. -- To make terms, to come to terms; to make an agreement: to agree. Syn. -- Limit; bound; boundary; condition; stipulation; word; expression. -- Term, Word. These are more frequently interchanged than almost any other vocables that occur of the language. There is, however, a difference between them which is worthy of being kept in mind. Word is generic; it denotes an utterance which represents or expresses our thoughts and feelings. Term originally denoted one of the two essential members of a proposition in logic, and hence signifies a word of specific meaning, and applicable to a definite class of objects. Thus, we may speak of a scientific or a technical term, and of stating things in distinct terms. Thus we say, \"the term minister literally denotes servant;\" \"an exact definition of terms is essential to clearness of thought;\" \"no term of reproach can sufficiently express my indignation;\" \"every art has its peculiar and distinctive terms,\" etc. So also we say, \"purity of style depends on the choice of words, and precision of style on a clear understanding of the terms used.\" Term is chiefly applied to verbs, nouns, and adjectives, these being capable of standing as terms in a logical proposition; while prepositions and conjunctions, which can never be so employed, are rarely spoken of as terms, but simply as words.\n\nTo apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate. Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe \"imaginary space.\" Locke.", "termagant": "1. An imaginary being supposed by the Christians to be a Mohammedan deity or false god. He is represented in the ancient moralities, farces, and puppet shows as extremely vociferous and tumultous. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"And oftentimes by Termagant and Mahound [Mahomet] swore.\" Spenser. The lesser part on Christ believed well, On Termagant the more, and on Mahound. Fairfax. 2. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent person; -- formerly applied to both sexes, now only to women. This terrible termagant, this Nero, this Pharaoh. Bale (1543). The slave of an imperious and reckless termagant. Macaulay.\n\nTumultuous; turbulent; boisterous; furious; quarrelsome; scolding. -- Ter\"ma*gant*ly, adv. A termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench. Arbuthnot.", "termagants": "1. An imaginary being supposed by the Christians to be a Mohammedan deity or false god. He is represented in the ancient moralities, farces, and puppet shows as extremely vociferous and tumultous. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"And oftentimes by Termagant and Mahound [Mahomet] swore.\" Spenser. The lesser part on Christ believed well, On Termagant the more, and on Mahound. Fairfax. 2. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent person; -- formerly applied to both sexes, now only to women. This terrible termagant, this Nero, this Pharaoh. Bale (1543). The slave of an imperious and reckless termagant. Macaulay.\n\nTumultuous; turbulent; boisterous; furious; quarrelsome; scolding. -- Ter\"ma*gant*ly, adv. A termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench. Arbuthnot.", @@ -78034,9 +69129,7 @@ "ternaries": null, "ternary": "1. Proceeding by threes; consisting of three; as, the ternary number was anciently esteemed a symbol of perfection, and held in great veneration. 2. (Chem.) Containing, or consisting of, three different parts, as elements, atoms, groups, or radicals, which are regarded as having different functions or relations in the molecule; thus, sodic hydroxide, NaOH, is a ternary compound.\n\nA ternion; the number three; three things taken together; a triad. Some in ternaries, some in pairs, and some single. Holder.", "terns": "Any one of numerous species of long-winged aquatic birds, allied to the gulls, and belonging to Sterna and various allied genera. Note: Terns differ from gulls chiefly in their graceful form, in their weaker and more slender bills and feet, and their longer and more pointed wings. The tail is usually forked. Most of the species are white with the back and wings pale gray, and often with a dark head. The common European tern (Sterna hirundo) is found also in Asia and America. Among other American species are the arctic tern (S. paradisæa), the roseate tern (S. Dougalli), the least tern (S. Antillarum), the royal tern (S. maxima), and the sooty tern (S. fuliginosa). Hooded tern. See Fairy bird, under Fairy. -- Marsh tern, any tern of the genus Hydrochelidon. They frequent marshes and rivers and feed largely upon insects. -- River tern, any tern belonging to Seëna or allied genera which frequent rivers. -- Sea tern, any tern of the genus Thalasseus. Terns of this genus have very long, pointed wings, and chiefly frequent seas and the mouths of large rivers.\n\nThreefold; triple; consisting of three; ternate. Tern flowers (Bot.), flowers growing three and three together. -- Tern leaves (Bot.), leaves arranged in threes, or three by three, or having three in each whorl or set. -- Tern peduncles (Bot.), three peduncles growing together from the same axis. -- Tern schooner (Naut.), a three-masted schooner.\n\nThat which consists of, or pertains to, three things or numbers together; especially, a prize in a lottery resulting from the favorable combination of three numbers in the drawing; also, the three numbers themselves. She'd win a tern in Thursday's lottery. Mrs. Browning.", - "terpsichore": "The Muse who presided over the choral song and the dance, especially the latter.", "terr": null, - "terra": "The earth; earth. Terra alba Etym: [L., white earth] (Com.), a white amorphous earthy substance consisting of burnt gypsum, aluminium silicate (kaolin), or some similar ingredient, as magnesia. It is sometimes used to adulterate certain foods, spices, candies, paints, etc. -- Terra cotta. Etym: [It., fr. terra earth + cotta, fem. of cotto cooked, L. coctus, p.p. of coquere to cook. See Cook, n.] Baked clay; a kind of hard pottery used for statues, architectural decorations, figures, vases, and the like. -- Terræ filius Etym: [L., son of the earth], formerly, one appointed to write a satirical Latin poem at the public acts in the University of Oxford; -- not unlike the prevaricator at Cambridge, England. -- Terra firma Etym: [L.], firm or solid earth, as opposed to water. -- Terra Japonica. Etym: [NL.] Same as Gambier. It was formerly supposed to be a kind of earth from Japan. -- Terra Lemnia Etym: [L., Lemnian earth], Lemnian earth. See under Lemnian. -- Terra ponderosa Etym: [L., ponderous earth] (Min.), barite, or heavy spar. -- Terra di Sienna. See Sienna.", "terrace": "1. A raised level space, shelf, or platform of earth, supported on one or more sides by a wall, a bank of tuft, or the like, whether designed for use or pleasure. 2. A balcony, especially a large and uncovered one. 3. A flat roof to a house; as, the buildings of the Oriental nations are covered with terraces. 4. A street, or a row of houses, on a bank or the side of a hill; hence, any street, or row of houses. 5. (Geol.) A level plain, usually with a steep front, bordering a river, a lake, or sometimes the sea. Note: Many rivers are bordered by a series of terraces at different levels, indicating the flood plains at successive periods in their history. Terrace epoch. (Geol.) See Drift epoch, under Drift, a.\n\nTo form into a terrace or terraces; to furnish with a terrace or terraces, as, to terrace a garden, or a building. Sir H. Wotton. Clermont's terraced height, and Esher's groves. Thomson.", "terraced": null, "terraces": "1. A raised level space, shelf, or platform of earth, supported on one or more sides by a wall, a bank of tuft, or the like, whether designed for use or pleasure. 2. A balcony, especially a large and uncovered one. 3. A flat roof to a house; as, the buildings of the Oriental nations are covered with terraces. 4. A street, or a row of houses, on a bank or the side of a hill; hence, any street, or row of houses. 5. (Geol.) A level plain, usually with a steep front, bordering a river, a lake, or sometimes the sea. Note: Many rivers are bordered by a series of terraces at different levels, indicating the flood plains at successive periods in their history. Terrace epoch. (Geol.) See Drift epoch, under Drift, a.\n\nTo form into a terrace or terraces; to furnish with a terrace or terraces, as, to terrace a garden, or a building. Sir H. Wotton. Clermont's terraced height, and Esher's groves. Thomson.", @@ -78044,24 +69137,18 @@ "terracotta": null, "terrain": null, "terrains": null, - "terran": null, - "terrance": null, "terrapin": "Any one of numerous species of tortoises living in fresh and brackish waters. Many of them are valued for food. [Written also terapin, terrapen, terrapene, and turapen.] Note: The yellow-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys acebra) of the Southern United States, the red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa), native of the tributaries Chesapeake Bay (called also potter, slider, and redfender), and the diamond-back or salt-marsh terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris), are the most important American species. The diamond-back terrapin is native of nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Alligator terrapin, the snapping turtle. -- Mud terrapin, any one of numerous species of American tortoises of the genus Cinosternon. -- Painted terrapin, the painted turtle. See under Painted. -- Speckled terrapin, a small fresh-water American terrapin (Chelopus guttatus) having the carapace black with round yellow spots; -- called also spotted turtle.", "terrapins": "Any one of numerous species of tortoises living in fresh and brackish waters. Many of them are valued for food. [Written also terapin, terrapen, terrapene, and turapen.] Note: The yellow-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys acebra) of the Southern United States, the red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa), native of the tributaries Chesapeake Bay (called also potter, slider, and redfender), and the diamond-back or salt-marsh terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris), are the most important American species. The diamond-back terrapin is native of nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Alligator terrapin, the snapping turtle. -- Mud terrapin, any one of numerous species of American tortoises of the genus Cinosternon. -- Painted terrapin, the painted turtle. See under Painted. -- Speckled terrapin, a small fresh-water American terrapin (Chelopus guttatus) having the carapace black with round yellow spots; -- called also spotted turtle.", "terrarium": null, "terrariums": null, "terrazzo": null, "terrazzos": null, - "terrell": null, - "terrence": null, "terrestrial": "1. Of or pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; earthly; as, terrestrial animals. \"Bodies terrestrial.\" 1 Cor. xv. 40. 2. Representing, or consisting of, the earth; as, a terrestrial globe. \"The dark terrestrial ball.\" Addison. 3. Of or pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary; mundane. Vain labors of terrestrial wit. Spenser. A genius bright and base, Of towering talents, and terrestrial aims. Young. 4. Consisting of land, in distinction from water; belonging to, or inhabiting, the land or ground, in distinction from trees, water, or the like; as, terrestrial serpents. The terrestrial parts of the globe. Woodward. 5. Adapted for the observation of objects on land and on the earth; as, a terrestrial telescope, in distinction from an astronomical telescope. -- Ter*res\"tri*al*ly, adv. -- Ter*res\"tri*al*ness, n.\n\nAn inhabitant of the earth.", "terrestrially": null, "terrestrials": "1. Of or pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; earthly; as, terrestrial animals. \"Bodies terrestrial.\" 1 Cor. xv. 40. 2. Representing, or consisting of, the earth; as, a terrestrial globe. \"The dark terrestrial ball.\" Addison. 3. Of or pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary; mundane. Vain labors of terrestrial wit. Spenser. A genius bright and base, Of towering talents, and terrestrial aims. Young. 4. Consisting of land, in distinction from water; belonging to, or inhabiting, the land or ground, in distinction from trees, water, or the like; as, terrestrial serpents. The terrestrial parts of the globe. Woodward. 5. Adapted for the observation of objects on land and on the earth; as, a terrestrial telescope, in distinction from an astronomical telescope. -- Ter*res\"tri*al*ly, adv. -- Ter*res\"tri*al*ness, n.\n\nAn inhabitant of the earth.", - "terri": null, "terrible": "1. Adapted or likely to excite terror, awe, or dread; dreadful; formidable. Prudent in peace, and terrible in war. Prior. Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the Lord thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. Deut. vii. 21. 2. Excessive; extreme; severe. [Colloq.] The terrible coldness of the season. Clarendon. Syn. -- Terrific; fearful; frightful; formidable; dreadful; horrible; shocking; awful. -- Ter\"ri*ble*ness, n. -- Ter\"ri*bly, adv.", "terribleness": null, "terribly": null, - "terrie": null, "terrier": "An auger or borer. [Obs.]\n\n1. Etym: [F. terrier, chien terrier, from terre the earth, L. terra; cf. F. terrier a burrow, LL. terrarium a hillock (hence the sense, a mound thrown up in making a burrow, a burrow). See Terrace, and cf. Terrier, 2.] (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small dogs, which includes several distinct subbreeds, some of which, such as the Skye terrier and Yorkshire terrier, have long hair and drooping ears, while others, at the English and the black-and-tan terriers, have short, close, smooth hair and upright ears. Note: Most kinds of terriers are noted for their courage, the acuteness of their sense of smell, their propensity to hunt burrowing animals, and their activity in destroying rats, etc. See Fox terrier, under Fox. 2. Etym: [F. terrier, papier terrier, LL. terrarius liber, i.e., a book belonging or pertaining to land or landed estates. See Terrier, 1, and cf. Terrar.] (Law) (a) Formerly, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, and the like. (b) In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, or the like. [Written also terrar.]", "terriers": "An auger or borer. [Obs.]\n\n1. Etym: [F. terrier, chien terrier, from terre the earth, L. terra; cf. F. terrier a burrow, LL. terrarium a hillock (hence the sense, a mound thrown up in making a burrow, a burrow). See Terrace, and cf. Terrier, 2.] (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small dogs, which includes several distinct subbreeds, some of which, such as the Skye terrier and Yorkshire terrier, have long hair and drooping ears, while others, at the English and the black-and-tan terriers, have short, close, smooth hair and upright ears. Note: Most kinds of terriers are noted for their courage, the acuteness of their sense of smell, their propensity to hunt burrowing animals, and their activity in destroying rats, etc. See Fox terrier, under Fox. 2. Etym: [F. terrier, papier terrier, LL. terrarius liber, i.e., a book belonging or pertaining to land or landed estates. See Terrier, 1, and cf. Terrar.] (Law) (a) Formerly, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, and the like. (b) In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, or the like. [Written also terrar.]", "terrific": "Causing terror; adapted to excite great fear or dread; terrible; as, a terrific form; a terrific sight.", @@ -78095,18 +69182,12 @@ "terser": null, "tersest": null, "tertiary": "1. Being of the third formation, order, or rank; third; as, a tertiary use of a word. Trench. 2. (Chem.) Possessing some quality in the third degree; having been subjected to the substitution of three atoms or radicals; as, a tertiary alcohol, amine, or salt. Cf. Primary, and Secondary. (CH3)3C.OH. 3. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Secondary. 4. (Zoöl.) Growing on the innermost joint of a bird's wing; tertial; -- said of quills. Tertiary age. (Geol.) See under Age, 8. -- Tertiary color, a color produced by the mixture of two secondaries. \"The so-called tertiary colors are citrine, russet, and olive.\" Fairholt. -- Tertiary period. (Geol.) (a) The first period of the age of mammals, or of the Cenozoic era. (b) The rock formation of that period; -- called also Tertiary formation. See the Chart of Geology. -- Tertiary syphilis (Med.), the third and last stage of syphilis, in which it invades the bones and internal organs.\n\n1. (R. C. Ch.) A member of the Third Order in any monastic system; as, the Franciscan tertiaries; the Dominican tertiaries; the Carmelite tertiaries. See Third Order, under Third. Addis & Arnold. 2. (Geol.) The Tertiary era, period, or formation. 3. (Zoöl.) One of the quill feathers which are borne upon the basal joint of the wing of a bird. See Illust. of Bird.", - "tesl": null, - "tesla": null, - "tesol": null, - "tess": null, - "tessa": null, "tessellate": "To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work. The floors are sometimes of wood, tessellated after the fashion of France. Macaulay.\n\nTessellated.", "tessellated": "1. Formed of little squares, as mosaic work; checkered; as, a tessellated pavement. 2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Marked like a checkerboard; as, a tessellated leaf.", "tessellates": "To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work. The floors are sometimes of wood, tessellated after the fashion of France. Macaulay.\n\nTessellated.", "tessellating": null, "tessellation": "The act of tessellating; also, the mosaic work so formed. J. Forsyth.", "tessellations": "The act of tessellating; also, the mosaic work so formed. J. Forsyth.", - "tessie": null, "test": "1. (Metal.) A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement. Our ingots, tests, and many mo. Chaucer. 2. Examination or trial by the cupel; hence, any critical examination or decisive trial; as, to put a man's assertions to a test. \"Bring me to the test.\" Shak. 3. Means of trial; as, absence is a test of love. Each test every light her muse will bear. Dryden. 4. That with which anything is compared for proof of its genuineness; a touchstone; a standard. Life, force, and beauty must to all impart, At once the source, and end, and test of art. Pope. 5. Discriminative characteristic; standard of judgment; ground of admission or exclusion. Our test excludes your tribe from benefit. Dryden. 6. Judgment; distinction; discrimination. Who would excel, when few can make a test Betwixt indifferent writing and the best Dryden. 7. (Chem.) A reaction employed to recognize or distinguish any particular substance or constituent of a compound, as the production of some characteristic precipitate; also, the reagent employed to produce such reaction; thus, the ordinary test for sulphuric acid is the production of a white insoluble precipitate of barium sulphate by means of some soluble barium salt. Test act (Eng. Law), an act of the English Parliament prescribing a form of oath and declaration against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, were formerly obliged to take within six months after their admission to office. They were obliged also to receive the sacrament according to the usage of the Church of England. Blackstone. -- Test object (Optics), an object which tests the power or quality of a microscope or telescope, by requiring a certain degree of excellence in the instrument to determine its existence or its peculiar texture or markings. -- Test paper. (a) (Chem.) Paper prepared for use in testing for certain substances by being saturated with a reagent which changes color in some specific way when acted upon by those substances; thus, litmus paper is turned red by acids, and blue by alkalies, turmeric paper is turned brown by alkalies, etc. (b) (Law) An instrument admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of proving handwriting. -- Test tube. (Chem.) (a) A simple tube of thin glass, closed at one end, for heating solutions and for performing ordinary reactions. (b) A graduated tube. Syn. -- Criterion; standard; experience; proof; experiment; trial. -- Test, Trial. Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa (earthen pot), which term was early applied to the fining pot, or crucible, in which metals are melted for trial and refinement. Hence the peculiar force of the word, as indicating a trial or criterion of the most decisive kind. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commediation. Shak. Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune, Like purest gold, that tortured in the furnace, Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight. Addison.\n\n1. (Metal.) To refine, as gold or silver, in a test, or cupel; to subject to cupellation. 2. To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try; as, to test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an argument. Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution. Washington. 3. (Chem.) To examine or try, as by the use of some reagent; as, to test a solution by litmus paper.\n\nA witness. [Obs.] Prelates and great lords of England, who were for the more surety tests of that deed. Ld. Berners.\n\nTo make a testament, or will. [Obs.]\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The external hard or firm covering of many invertebrate animals. Note: The test of crustaceans and insects is composed largely of chitin; in mollusks it is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, and is called the shell. 2. (Bot.) The outer integument of a seed; the episperm, or spermoderm.", "testable": "1. Capable of being tested or proved. 2. Capable of being devised, or given by will.", "testament": "1. (Law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to disposal of his estate and effects after his death. Note: This is otherwise called a will, and sometimes a last will and testament. A testament, to be valid, must be made by a person of sound mind; and it must be executed and published in due form of law. A man, in certain cases, may make a valid will by word of mouth only. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative. 2. One of the two distinct revelations of God's purposes toward man; a covenant; also, one of the two general divisions of the canonical books of the sacred Scriptures, in which the covenants are respectively revealed; as, the Old Testament; the New Testament; -- often limited, in colloquial language, to the latter. He is the mediator of the new testament . . . for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament. Heb. ix. 15. Holographic testament, a testament written wholly by the testator himself. Bouvier.", @@ -78145,7 +69226,6 @@ "testosterone": null, "tests": "1. (Metal.) A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement. Our ingots, tests, and many mo. Chaucer. 2. Examination or trial by the cupel; hence, any critical examination or decisive trial; as, to put a man's assertions to a test. \"Bring me to the test.\" Shak. 3. Means of trial; as, absence is a test of love. Each test every light her muse will bear. Dryden. 4. That with which anything is compared for proof of its genuineness; a touchstone; a standard. Life, force, and beauty must to all impart, At once the source, and end, and test of art. Pope. 5. Discriminative characteristic; standard of judgment; ground of admission or exclusion. Our test excludes your tribe from benefit. Dryden. 6. Judgment; distinction; discrimination. Who would excel, when few can make a test Betwixt indifferent writing and the best Dryden. 7. (Chem.) A reaction employed to recognize or distinguish any particular substance or constituent of a compound, as the production of some characteristic precipitate; also, the reagent employed to produce such reaction; thus, the ordinary test for sulphuric acid is the production of a white insoluble precipitate of barium sulphate by means of some soluble barium salt. Test act (Eng. Law), an act of the English Parliament prescribing a form of oath and declaration against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, were formerly obliged to take within six months after their admission to office. They were obliged also to receive the sacrament according to the usage of the Church of England. Blackstone. -- Test object (Optics), an object which tests the power or quality of a microscope or telescope, by requiring a certain degree of excellence in the instrument to determine its existence or its peculiar texture or markings. -- Test paper. (a) (Chem.) Paper prepared for use in testing for certain substances by being saturated with a reagent which changes color in some specific way when acted upon by those substances; thus, litmus paper is turned red by acids, and blue by alkalies, turmeric paper is turned brown by alkalies, etc. (b) (Law) An instrument admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of proving handwriting. -- Test tube. (Chem.) (a) A simple tube of thin glass, closed at one end, for heating solutions and for performing ordinary reactions. (b) A graduated tube. Syn. -- Criterion; standard; experience; proof; experiment; trial. -- Test, Trial. Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa (earthen pot), which term was early applied to the fining pot, or crucible, in which metals are melted for trial and refinement. Hence the peculiar force of the word, as indicating a trial or criterion of the most decisive kind. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commediation. Shak. Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune, Like purest gold, that tortured in the furnace, Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight. Addison.\n\n1. (Metal.) To refine, as gold or silver, in a test, or cupel; to subject to cupellation. 2. To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try; as, to test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an argument. Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution. Washington. 3. (Chem.) To examine or try, as by the use of some reagent; as, to test a solution by litmus paper.\n\nA witness. [Obs.] Prelates and great lords of England, who were for the more surety tests of that deed. Ld. Berners.\n\nTo make a testament, or will. [Obs.]\n\n1. (Zoöl.) The external hard or firm covering of many invertebrate animals. Note: The test of crustaceans and insects is composed largely of chitin; in mollusks it is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, and is called the shell. 2. (Bot.) The outer integument of a seed; the episperm, or spermoderm.", "testy": "Fretful; peevish; petulant; easily irritated. Must I observe you must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor Shak. I was displeased with myself; I was testy. Latimer.", - "tet": null, "tetanus": "1. (Med.) A painful and usually fatal disease, resulting generally from a wound, and having as its principal symptom persistent spasm of the voluntary muscles. When the muscles of the lower jaw are affected, it is called locked-jaw, or lickjaw, and it takes various names from the various incurvations of the body resulting from the spasm. 2. (Physiol.) That condition of a muscle in which it is in a state of continued vibratory contraction, as when stimulated by a series of induction shocks.", "tetchier": null, "tetchiest": null, @@ -78156,8 +69236,6 @@ "tethered": null, "tethering": null, "tethers": "A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits.\n\nTo confine, as an animal, with a long rope or chain, as for feeding within certain limits. And by a slender cord was tethered to a stone. Wordsworth.", - "tethys": "A genus of a large naked mollusks having a very large, broad, fringed cephalic disk, and branched dorsal gills. Some of the species become a foot long and are brilliantly colored.", - "tetons": null, "tetra": null, "tetracycline": null, "tetrahedral": "1. Having, or composed of, four sides. 2. (Crystallog.) (a) Having the form of the regular tetrahedron. (b) Pertaining or related to a tetrahedron, or to the system of hemihedral forms to which the tetrahedron belongs. Tetrahedral angle (Geom.), a solid angle bounded or inclosed by four plane angles.", @@ -78166,17 +69244,6 @@ "tetrameter": "A verse or line consisting of four measures, that is, in iambic, trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet; in other kinds of verse, of four feet.", "tetrameters": "A verse or line consisting of four measures, that is, in iambic, trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet; in other kinds of verse, of four feet.", "tetras": null, - "teuton": "1. One of an ancient German tribe; later, a name applied to any member of the Germanic race in Europe; now used to designate a German, Dutchman, Scandinavian, etc., in distinction from a Celt or one of a Latin race. 2. A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family.", - "teutonic": "1. Of or pertaining to the Teutons, esp. the ancient Teutons; Germanic. 2. Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages. Teutonic languages, a group of languages forming a division of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family, and embracing the High German, Low German, Gothic, and Scandinavian dialects and languages. -- Teutonic order, a military religious order of knights, established toward the close of the twelfth century, in imitation of the Templars and Hospitalers, and composed chiefly of Teutons, or Germans. The order rapidly increased in numbers and strength till it became master of all Prussia, Livonia, and Pomerania. In its decay it was abolished by Napoleon; but it has been revived as an honorary order.\n\nThe language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.", - "teutons": "1. One of an ancient German tribe; later, a name applied to any member of the Germanic race in Europe; now used to designate a German, Dutchman, Scandinavian, etc., in distinction from a Celt or one of a Latin race. 2. A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family.", - "tevet": null, - "tex": null, - "texaco": null, - "texan": null, - "texans": null, - "texarkana": null, - "texas": "A structure on the hurricane deck of a steamer, containing the pilot house, officers' cabins, etc. [Western U.S.] Knight.", - "texes": null, "text": "1. A discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary. Chaucer. 2. (O. Eng. Law) The four Gospels, by way of distinction or eminence. [R.] 3. A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine. How oft, when Paul has served us with a text, Has Epictetus, Plato, Tully, preached! Cowper. 4. Hence, anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary composition, or the like; topic; theme. 5. A style of writing in large characters; text-hand also, a kind of type used in printing; as, German text. Text blindness. (Physiol.) See Word blindness, under Word. -- Text letter, a large or capital letter. [Obs.] -- Text pen, a kind of metallic pen used in engrossing, or in writing text-hand.\n\nTo write in large characters, as in text hand. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "textbook": null, "textbooks": null, @@ -78192,25 +69259,13 @@ "textured": null, "textures": "1. The act or art of weaving. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 2. That which woven; a woven fabric; a web. Milton. Others, apart far in the grassy dale, Or roughening waste, their humble texture weave. Thomson. 3. The disposition or connection of threads, filaments, or other slender bodies, interwoven; as, the texture of cloth or of a spider's web. 4. The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are united; structure; as, the texture of earthy substances or minerals; the texture of a plant or a bone; the texture of paper; a loose or compact texture. 5. (Biol.) A tissue. See Tissue.\n\nTo form a texture of or with; to interweave. [R.]", "texturing": null, - "tgif": null, - "th": "In Old English, the article the, when the following word began with a vowel, was often written with elision as if a part of the word. Thus in Chaucer, the forms thabsence, tharray, thegle, thend, thingot, etc., are found for the absence, the array, the eagle, the end, etc.", - "thackeray": null, - "thad": null, - "thaddeus": null, - "thai": null, - "thailand": null, - "thais": null, "thalami": null, "thalamus": "1. (Anat.) A mass of nervous matter on either side of the third ventricle of the brain; -- called also optic thalamus. 2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Thallus. (b) The receptacle of a flower; a torus.", - "thales": null, - "thalia": "(a) That one of the nine Muses who presided over comedy. (b) One of the three Graces. (c) One of the Nereids.", "thalidomide": null, "thallium": "A rare metallic element of the aluminium group found in some minerals, as certain pyrites, and also in the lead-chamber deposit in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. It is isolated as a heavy, soft, bluish white metal, easily oxidized in moist air, but preserved by keeping under water. Symbol Tl. Atomic weight 203.7.", - "thames": null, "than": "A particle expressing comparison, used after certain adjectives and adverbs which express comparison or diversity, as more, better, other, otherwise, and the like. It is usually followed by the object compared in the nominative case. Sometimes, however, the object compared is placed in the objective case, and than is then considered by some grammarians as a preposition. Sometimes the object is expressed in a sentence, usually introduced by that; as, I would rather suffer than that you should want. Behold, a greater than Solomon is here. Matt. xii. 42. Which when Beelzebub perceived, than whom, Satan except, none higher sat. Milton. It's wiser being good than bad; It's safer being meek than fierce; It's fitter being sane than mad. R. Browning.\n\nThen. See Then. [Obs.] Gower. Thanne longen folk to gon on pilgrimages. Chaucer.", "thane": "A dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in England. Of these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the kings in their courts and held lands immediately of them, and the ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors and who had particular jurisdiction within their limits. After the Conquest, this title was disused, and baron took its place. Note: Among the ancient Scots, thane was a title of honor, which seems gradually to have declined in its significance. Jamieson.", "thanes": "A dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in England. Of these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the kings in their courts and held lands immediately of them, and the ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors and who had particular jurisdiction within their limits. After the Conquest, this title was disused, and baron took its place. Note: Among the ancient Scots, thane was a title of honor, which seems gradually to have declined in its significance. Jamieson.", - "thanh": null, "thank": "A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. \"This ceremonial thanks.\" Massinger. If ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye for sinners also do even the same. Luke vi. 33. What great thank, then, if any man, reputed wise and constant, will neither do, nor permit others under his charge to do, that which he approves not, especially in matter of sin Milton. Thanks, thanks to thee, most worthy friend, For the lesson thou hast taught. Longfellow. His thanks, Her thanks, etc., of his or her own accord; with his or her good will; voluntary. [Obs.] Full sooth is said that love ne lordship, Will not, his thanks, have no fellowship. Chaucer. -- In thank, with thanks or thankfulness. [Obs.] -- Thank offering, an offering made as an expression of thanks.\n\nTo express gratitude to (anyone) for a favor; to make acknowledgments to (anyone) for kindness bestowed; -- used also ironically for blame. \"Graunt mercy, lord, that thank I you,\" quod she. Chaucer. I thank thee for thine honest care. Shak. Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss, And thank yourself if aught should fall amiss. Dryden.", "thanked": null, "thankful": "1. Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy. [R.] Ladies, look here; this is the thankful glass That mends the looker's eyes; this is the well That washes what it shows. Herbert. 2. Impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it; grateful. Be thankful unto him, and bless his name. Ps. c. 4. -- Thank\"ful*ly, adv. -- Thank\"ful*ness, n.", @@ -78223,9 +69278,6 @@ "thanks": "A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. \"This ceremonial thanks.\" Massinger. If ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye for sinners also do even the same. Luke vi. 33. What great thank, then, if any man, reputed wise and constant, will neither do, nor permit others under his charge to do, that which he approves not, especially in matter of sin Milton. Thanks, thanks to thee, most worthy friend, For the lesson thou hast taught. Longfellow. His thanks, Her thanks, etc., of his or her own accord; with his or her good will; voluntary. [Obs.] Full sooth is said that love ne lordship, Will not, his thanks, have no fellowship. Chaucer. -- In thank, with thanks or thankfulness. [Obs.] -- Thank offering, an offering made as an expression of thanks.\n\nTo express gratitude to (anyone) for a favor; to make acknowledgments to (anyone) for kindness bestowed; -- used also ironically for blame. \"Graunt mercy, lord, that thank I you,\" quod she. Chaucer. I thank thee for thine honest care. Shak. Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss, And thank yourself if aught should fall amiss. Dryden.", "thanksgiving": "1. The act of rending thanks, or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving. 1 Tim. iv. 4. In the thanksgiving before meat. Shak. And taught by thee the Church prolongs Her hymns of high thanksgiving still. Keble. 2. A public acknowledgment or celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties. Note: In the United States it is now customary for the President by proclamation to appoint annually a day (usually the last Thursday in November) of thanksgiving and praise to God for the mercies of the past year. This is an extension of the custom long prevailing in several States in which an annual Thanksgiving day has been appointed by proclamation of the governor.", "thanksgivings": "1. The act of rending thanks, or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving. 1 Tim. iv. 4. In the thanksgiving before meat. Shak. And taught by thee the Church prolongs Her hymns of high thanksgiving still. Keble. 2. A public acknowledgment or celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties. Note: In the United States it is now customary for the President by proclamation to appoint annually a day (usually the last Thursday in November) of thanksgiving and praise to God for the mercies of the past year. This is an extension of the custom long prevailing in several States in which an annual Thanksgiving day has been appointed by proclamation of the governor.", - "thant": null, - "thar": "A goatlike animal (Capra Jemlaica) native of the Himalayas. It has small, flattened horns, curved directly backward. The hair of the neck, shoulders, and chest of the male is very long, reaching to the knees. Called also serow, and imo. [Written also thaar, and tahr.]\n\nIt needs; need. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. What thar thee reck or care Chaucer.", - "tharp": null, "that": "1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. Those), that usually points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That, as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers; as, that which he has said is true; those in the basket are good apples. The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated princes. Gibbon. Note: That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the sentence referred to. That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked. Gen. xviii. 25. And when Moses heard that, he was content. Lev. x. 20. I will know your business, Harry, that I will. Shak. Note: That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic and French ceci, generally refers to that which is nearer, and that, like Latin ille and French cela, to that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and that to the former. Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love, to urge, and Reason, to restrain; Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call. Pope. If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that. James iv. 16. 2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun. It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matt. x. 15. The woman was made whole from that hour. Matt. ix. 22. Note: That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone, th'tother (now written t'other). Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one of them came home, that other not. Chaucer. 3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural. He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame. Prov. ix. 7. A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities. Bp. Wilkins. Note: If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that) is employed; as, the king that (or who) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a coördinating sense. Bain. That was formerly used for that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic. We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John iii. 11. That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame]. Chaucer. That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences. The ship that somebody was sailing in. Sir W. Scott. In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom. I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work]. Chaucer. Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent. That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off. Zech. xi. 9. 4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: -- (a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb. She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And childish error, that they are afraid. Shak. I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible. Bp. Wilkins. (b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for that, in that, for the reason that, because. He does hear me; And that he does, I weep. Shak. (c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may, or might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc. These things I say, that ye might be saved. John v. 34. To the end that he may prolong his days. Deut. xvii. 20. (d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; -- usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that. The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings. Milton. He gazed so long That both his eyes were dazzled. Tennyson. (e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to in which time, at which time, when. So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining lamps in Jove's high course were lit. Spenser. Is not this the day That Hermia should give answer of her choice Shak. (f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like. Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen! Shak. O God, that right should thus overcome might! Shak. Note: That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic. To try if that our own be ours or no. Shak. That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends. When he had carried Rome and that we looked For no less spoil than glory. Shak. 5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.] All that, everything of that kind; all that sort. With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope. The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the gowd [gold] for a'that. Burns. -- For that. See under For, prep. -- In that. See under In, prep.", "thatch": "1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain. 2. (Bot.) A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves of which are used for thatching. Thatch sparrow, the house sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain.", "thatched": null, @@ -78237,9 +69289,7 @@ "thawed": null, "thawing": null, "thaws": "1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws. 2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; -- said in reference to the weather, and used impersonally. 3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial.\n\nTo cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.\n\nThe melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed. Dryden.", - "thc": null, "the": "See Thee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton.\n\nA word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning. Note: The was originally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened form of that. When placed before adjectives and participles, it converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful. Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers, oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern, the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5.\n\nBy that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. \"Yet not the more cease I.\" Milton. So much the rather thou, Celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate. Milton.", - "thea": "A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant. Note: It is now commonly referred to the genus camellia.", "theater": "1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed. 2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, surgical operations, etc. 3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater. Burns. Shade above shade, a woody theater Of stateliest view. Milton. 4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.] For if a man can be partaker of God's theater, he shall likewise be partaker of God's rest. Bacon. 5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater of war.", "theatergoer": null, "theatergoers": null, @@ -78249,26 +69299,22 @@ "theatrically": null, "theatricals": "Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs. Such fashionable cant terms as `theatricals,' and `musicals,' invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his confraternity of frivolity. I. Disraeli.", "theatrics": "Theatrical. Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride. Goldsmith.", - "thebes": null, "thee": "To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] \"He shall never thee.\" Chaucer. Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought. Spenser.\n\nThe objective case of thou. See Thou. Note: Thee is poetically used for thyself, as him for himself, etc. This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee, Unless thou yield thee as my prisoner. Shak.", "thees": "To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] \"He shall never thee.\" Chaucer. Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought. Spenser.\n\nThe objective case of thou. See Thou. Note: Thee is poetically used for thyself, as him for himself, etc. This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee, Unless thou yield thee as my prisoner. Shak.", "theft": "1. (Law) The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same; larceny. Note: To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery. 2. The thing stolen. [R.] If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall restore double. Ex. xxii. 4.", "thefts": "1. (Law) The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same; larceny. Note: To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery. 2. The thing stolen. [R.] If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall restore double. Ex. xxii. 4.", - "theiler": null, "their": "The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their houses; their country. Note: The possessive takes the form theirs (theirs is best cultivated. Nothing but the name of zeal appears 'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs. Denham.", "theirs": "The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their houses; their country. Note: The possessive takes the form theirs (theirs is best cultivated. Nothing but the name of zeal appears 'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs. Denham.", "theism": "The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism.", "theist": "One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who believes in a personal God; -- opposed to atheist.", "theistic": "Of or pertaining to theism, or a theist; according to the doctrine of theists.", "theists": "One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who believes in a personal God; -- opposed to atheist.", - "thelma": null, "them": "The objective case of they. See They. Go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. Matt. xxv. 9. Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father. Matt. xxv. 34. Note: Them is poetically used for themselves, as him for himself, etc. Little stars may hide them when they list. Shak.", "thematic": "1. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the theme of a word. See Theme, n., 4. 2. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to a theme, or subject. Thematic catalogue (Mus.), a catalogue of musical works which, besides the title and other particulars, gives in notes the theme, or first few measures, of the whole work or of its several movements.", "thematically": null, "theme": "1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a proposition for discussion or argument; a text. My theme is alway one and ever was. Chaucer. And when a soldier was the theme, my name Was not far off. Shak. 2. Discourse on a certain subject. Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme. Piers Plowman. It was the subject of my theme. Shak. 3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke. 4. (Gram.) A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) in declension or conjugation; stem. 5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.] Swift. 6. (Mus.) The leading subject of a composition or a movement.", "themed": null, "themes": "1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a proposition for discussion or argument; a text. My theme is alway one and ever was. Chaucer. And when a soldier was the theme, my name Was not far off. Shak. 2. Discourse on a certain subject. Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme. Piers Plowman. It was the subject of my theme. Shak. 3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke. 4. (Gram.) A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) in declension or conjugation; stem. 5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.] Swift. 6. (Mus.) The leading subject of a composition or a movement.", - "themistocles": null, "themselves": "The plural of himself, herself, and itself. See Himself, Herself, Itself.", "then": "1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or future). And the Canaanite was then in the land. Gen. xii. 6. Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. 1 Cor. xiii. 12. 2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward. First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Matt. v. 24. 3. At another time; later; again. One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other cases it may fall out to be own act. L'Estrange. By then. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.] But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent Antichrist. Milton. Now and then. See under Now, adv. -- Till then, until that time; until the time mentioned. Milton. Note: Then is often used elliptically, like an adjective, for then existing; as, the then administration.\n\n1. Than. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. In that case; in consequence; as a consequence; therefore; for this reason. If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom. Locke. Now, then, be all thy weighty cares away. Dryden. Syn. -- Therefore. Then, Therefore. Both these words are used in reasoning; but therefore takes the lead, while then is rather subordinate or incidental. Therefore states reasons and draws inferences in form; then, to a great extent, takes the point as proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. \"Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God.\" Rom. v. 1. \"So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.\" Rom. x. 17.", "thence": "1. From that place. \"Bid him thence go.\" Chaucer. When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Mark vi. 11. Note: It is not unusual, though pleonastic, to use from before thence. Cf. Hence, Whence. Then I will send, and fetch thee from thence. Gen. xxvii. 45. 2. From that time; thenceforth; thereafter. There shall be no more thence an infant of days. Isa. lxv. 20. 3. For that reason; therefore. Not to sit idle with so great a gift Useless, and thence ridiculous, about him. Milton. 4. Not there; elsewhere; absent. [Poetic] Shak.", @@ -78277,13 +69323,8 @@ "theocracies": null, "theocracy": "1. Government of a state by the immediate direction or administration of God; hence, the exercise of political authority by priests as representing the Deity. 2. The state thus governed, as the Hebrew commonwealth before it became a kingdom.", "theocratic": "Of or pertaining to a theocracy; administred by the immediate direction of God; as, the theocratical state of the Israelites.", - "theocritus": null, "theodolite": "An instrument used, especially in trigonometrical surveying, for the accurate measurement of horizontal angles, and also usually of vertical angles. It is variously constructed. Note: The theodolite consists principally of a telescope, with cross wires in the focus of its object glass, clamped in Y's attached to a frame that is mounted so as to turn both on vertical and horizontal axes, the former carrying a vernier plate on a horizontal graduated plate or circle for azimuthal angles, and the latter a vertical graduated arc or semicircle for altitudes. The whole is furnished with levels and adjusting screws and mounted on a tripod.", "theodolites": "An instrument used, especially in trigonometrical surveying, for the accurate measurement of horizontal angles, and also usually of vertical angles. It is variously constructed. Note: The theodolite consists principally of a telescope, with cross wires in the focus of its object glass, clamped in Y's attached to a frame that is mounted so as to turn both on vertical and horizontal axes, the former carrying a vernier plate on a horizontal graduated plate or circle for azimuthal angles, and the latter a vertical graduated arc or semicircle for altitudes. The whole is furnished with levels and adjusting screws and mounted on a tripod.", - "theodora": null, - "theodore": null, - "theodoric": null, - "theodosius": null, "theologian": "A person well versed in theology; a professor of theology or divinity; a divine.", "theologians": "A person well versed in theology; a professor of theology or divinity; a divine.", "theological": "Of or pertaining to theology, or the science of God and of divine things; as, a theological treatise. -- The`o*log\"ic*al*ly, adv.", @@ -78317,7 +69358,6 @@ "therapist": null, "therapists": null, "therapy": "Therapeutics.", - "theravada": null, "there": "1. In or at that place. \"[They] there left me and my man, both bound together.\" Shak. The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. Ge. ii. 8. Note: In distinction from here, there usually signifies a place farther off. \"Darkness there might well seem twilight here.\" Milton. 2. In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place; as, he did not stop there, but continued his speech. The law that theaten'd death becomes thy friend And turns it to exile; there art thou happy. Shak. 3. To or into that place; thither. The rarest that e'er came there. Shak. Note: There is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to something, especially to something distant; as, there, there! see there! look there! There is often used as an expletive, and in this use, when it introduces a sentence or clause, the verb precedes its subject. A knight there was, and that a worthy man. Chaucer. There is a path which no fowl knoweth. Job xxviii. 7. Wherever there is a sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced. Locke. There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by their good fortune or virtue. Suckling. Note: There is much used in composition, and often has the sense of a pronoun. See Thereabout, Thereafter, Therefrom, etc. Note: There was formerly used in the sense of where. Spend their good there it is reasonable. Chaucer. Here and there, in one place and another. Syn. -- See Thither.", "thereabout": "1. Near that place. 2. Near that number, degree, or quantity; nearly; as, ten men, or thereabouts. Five or six thousand horse . . . or thereabouts. Shak. Some three months since, or thereabout. Suckling. 3. Concerning that; about that. [R.] What will ye dine I will go thereabout. Chaucer. They were much perplexed thereabout. Luke xxiv. 4.", "thereabouts": "1. Near that place. 2. Near that number, degree, or quantity; nearly; as, ten men, or thereabouts. Five or six thousand horse . . . or thereabouts. Shak. Some three months since, or thereabout. Suckling. 3. Concerning that; about that. [R.] What will ye dine I will go thereabout. Chaucer. They were much perplexed thereabout. Luke xxiv. 4.", @@ -78332,8 +69372,6 @@ "theremins": null, "thereof": "Of that or this. In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17.", "thereon": "On that or this. Chaucer. Then the king said, Hang him thereon. Esther vii. 9.", - "theresa": null, - "therese": null, "thereto": "1. To that or this. Chaucer. 2. Besides; moreover. [Obs.] Spenser. Her mouth full small, and thereto soft and red. Chaucer.", "theretofore": "Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore.", "thereunder": "Under that or this.", @@ -78353,7 +69391,6 @@ "thermonuclear": null, "thermoplastic": null, "thermoplastics": null, - "thermopylae": null, "thermos": null, "thermoses": null, "thermostat": "A self-acting apparatus for regulating temperature by the unequal expansion of different metals, liquids, or gases by heat, as in opening or closing the damper of a stove, or the like, as the heat becomes greater or less than is desired.", @@ -78361,21 +69398,14 @@ "thermostatically": null, "thermostats": "A self-acting apparatus for regulating temperature by the unequal expansion of different metals, liquids, or gases by heat, as in opening or closing the damper of a stove, or the like, as the heat becomes greater or less than is desired.", "therms": null, - "theron": null, "thesauri": null, "thesaurus": "A treasury or storehouse; hence, a repository, especially of knowledge; -- often applied to a comprehensive work, like a dictionary or cyclopedia.", "thesauruses": null, "these": "The plural of this. See This.", "theses": "The plural of this. See This.", - "theseus": null, "thesis": "1. A position or proposition which a person advances and offers to maintain, or which is actually maintained by argument. 2. Hence, an essay or dissertation written upon specific or definite theme; especially, an essay presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree. I told them of the grave, becoming, and sublime deportment they should assume upon this mystical occasion, and read them two homilies and a thesis of my own composing, to prepare them. Goldsmith. 3. (Logic) An affirmation, or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis. 4. (Mus.) The accented part of the measure, expressed by the downward beat; -- the opposite of arsis. 5. (Pros.) (a) The depression of the voice in pronouncing the syllables of a word. (b) The part of the foot upon which such a depression falls.", "thespian": "Of or pertaining to Thespis; hence, relating to the drama; dramatic; as, the Thespian art. -- n. An actor.", "thespians": "Of or pertaining to Thespis; hence, relating to the drama; dramatic; as, the Thespian art. -- n. An actor.", - "thespis": null, - "thessalonian": "Of or pertaining to Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessalonica.", - "thessalonians": "Of or pertaining to Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessalonica.", - "thessaloniki": null, - "thessaly": null, "theta": "A letter of the Greek alphabet corresponding to th in English; -- sometimes called the unlucky letter, from being used by the judges on their ballots in passing condemnation on a prisoner, it being the first letter of the Greek qa`natos, death. Theta function (Math.), one of a group of functions used in developing the properties of elliptic functions.", "thetas": "A letter of the Greek alphabet corresponding to th in English; -- sometimes called the unlucky letter, from being used by the judges on their ballots in passing condemnation on a prisoner, it being the first letter of the Greek qa`natos, death. Theta function (Math.), one of a group of functions used in developing the properties of elliptic functions.", "thew": "1. Manner; custom; habit; form of behavior; qualities of mind; disposition; specifically, good qualities; virtues. [Obs.] For her great light Of sapience, and for her thews clear. Chaucer. Evil speeches destroy good thews. Wyclif (1 Cor. xv. 33). To be upbrought in gentle thews and martial might. Spenser. 2. Muscle or strength; nerve; brawn; sinew. Shak. And I myself, who sat apart And watched them, waxed in every limb; I felt the thews of Anakim, The pules of a Titan's heart. Tennyson.", @@ -78402,7 +69432,6 @@ "thickos": null, "thickset": "1. Close planted; as, a thickset wood; a thickset hedge. Dryden. 2. Having a short, thick body; stout.\n\n1. A close or thick hedge. 2. A stout, twilled cotton cloth; a fustian corduroy, or velveteen. McElrath.", "thief": "1. One who steals; one who commits theft or larceny. See Theft. There came a privy thief, men clepeth death. Chaucer. Where thieves break through and steal. Matt. vi. 19. 2. A waster in the snuff of a candle. Bp. Hall. Thief catcher. Same as Thief taker. -- Thief leader, one who leads or takes away a thief. L'Estrange. -- Thief taker, one whose business is to find and capture thieves and bring them to justice. -- Thief tube, a tube for withdrawing a sample of a liquid from a cask. -- Thieves' vinegar, a kind of aromatic vinegar for the sick room, taking its name from the story that thieves, by using it, were enabled to plunder, with impunity to health, in the great plague at London. [Eng.] Syn. -- Robber; pilferer. -- Thief, Robber. A thief takes our property by stealth; a robber attacks us openly, and strips us by main force. Take heed, have open eye, for thieves do foot by night. Shak. Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton.", - "thieu": null, "thieve": "To practice theft; to steal.", "thieved": null, "thievery": "1. The practice of stealing; theft; thievishness. Among the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good and honest. South. 2. That which is stolen. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -78417,8 +69446,6 @@ "thimbleful": "As much as a thimble will hold; a very small quantity. For a thimbleful of golf, a thimbleful of love. Dryden.", "thimblefuls": "As much as a thimble will hold; a very small quantity. For a thimbleful of golf, a thimbleful of love. Dryden.", "thimbles": "1. A kind of cap or cover, or sometimes a broad ring, for the end of the finger, used in sewing to protect the finger when pushing the needle through the material. It is usually made of metal, and has upon the outer surface numerous small pits to catch the head of the needle. 2. (Mech.) Any thimble-shaped appendage or fixure. Specifically: -- (a) A tubular piece, generally a strut, through which a bolt or pin passes. (b) A fixed or movable ring, tube, or lining placed in a hole. (c) A tubular cone for expanding a flue; -- called ferrule in England. 3. (Naut.) A ring of thin metal formed with a grooved circumference so as to fit within an eye-spice, or the like, and protect it from chafing.", - "thimbu": null, - "thimphu": null, "thin": "1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering. 2. Rare; not dense or thick; -- applied to fluids or soft mixtures; as, thin blood; thin broth; thin air. Shak. In the day, when the air is more thin. Bacon. Satan, bowing low His gray dissimulation, disappeared, Into thin air diffused. Milton. 3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals of which the thing is composed in a close or compact state; hence, not abundant; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin. Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people. Addison. 4. Not full or well grown; wanting in plumpness. Seven thin ears . . . blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 6. 5. Not stout; slim; slender; lean; gaunt; as, a person becomes thin by disease. 6. Wanting in body or volume; small; feeble; not full. Thin, hollow sounds, and lamentable screams. Dryden. 7. Slight; small; slender; flimsy; wanting substance or depth or force; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering; as, a thin disguise. My tale is done, for my wit is but thin. Chaucer. Note: Thin is used in the formation of compounds which are mostly self-explaining; as, thin-faced, thin-lipped, thin-peopled, thin- shelled, and the like. Thin section. See under Section.\n\nNot thickly or closely; in a seattered state; as, seed sown thin. Spain is thin sown of people. Bacon.\n\nTo make thin (in any of the senses of the adjective).\n\nTo grow or become thin; -- used with some adverbs, as out, away, etc.; as, geological strata thin out, i. e., gradually diminish in thickness until they disappear.", "thine": "A form of the possessive case of the pronoun thou, now superseded in common discourse by your, the possessive of you, but maintaining a place in solemn discourse, in poetry, and in the usual language of the Friends, or Quakers. Note: In the old style, thine was commonly shortened to thi (thy) when used attributively before words beginning with a consonant; now, thy is used also before vowels. Thine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood.", "thing": "1. Whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, as a separate entity, whether animate or inanimate; any separable or distinguishable object of thought. God made . . . every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind. Gen. i. 25. He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt. Gen. xiv. 23. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats. 2. An inanimate object, in distinction from a living being; any lifeless material. Ye meads and groves, unsonscious things! Cowper. 3. A transaction or occurrence; an event; a deed. [And Jacob said] All these things are against me. Gen. xlii. 36. Which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you by what authority I do these things. Matt. xxi. 24. 4. A portion or part; something. Wieked men who understand any thing of wisdom. Tillotson. 5. A diminutive or slighted object; any object viewed as merely existing; -- often used in pity or contempt. See, sons, what things you are! Shak. The poor thing sighed, and . . . turned from me. Addison. I'll be this abject thing no more. Granville. I have a thing in prose. Swift. 6. pl. Clothes; furniture; appurtenances; luggage; as, to pack or store one's things. [Colloq.] Note: Formerly, the singular was sometimes used in a plural or collective sense. And them she gave her moebles and her thing. Chaucer. Note: Thing was used in a very general sense in Old English, and is still heard colloquially where some more definite term would be used in careful composition. In the garden [he] walketh to and fro, And hath his things [i. e., prayers, devotions] said full courteously. Chaucer. Hearkening his minstrels their things play. Chaucer. 7. (Law) Whatever may be possessed or owned; a property; -- distinguished from person. 8. [In this sense pronounced tîng.] In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly. Longfellow. Things personal. (Law) Same as Personal property, under Personal. -- Things real. Same as Real property, under Real.", @@ -78475,26 +69502,17 @@ "tho": "The. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\nThose. [Obs.] This knowen tho that be to wives bound. Chaucer.\n\nThen. [Obs.] Spenser. To do obsequies as was tho the guise. Chaucer.\n\nThough. [Reformed spelling.]", "thole": "1. A wooden or metal pin, set in the gunwale of a boat, to serve as a fulcrum for the oar in rowing. Longfellow. 2. The pin, or handle, of a scythe snath. Thole pin. Same as Thole.\n\nTo bear; to endure; to undergo. [Obs. or Scot.] Gower. So much woe as I have with you tholed. Chaucer. To thole the winter's steely dribble. Burns.\n\nTo wait. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", "tholes": "1. A wooden or metal pin, set in the gunwale of a boat, to serve as a fulcrum for the oar in rowing. Longfellow. 2. The pin, or handle, of a scythe snath. Thole pin. Same as Thole.\n\nTo bear; to endure; to undergo. [Obs. or Scot.] Gower. So much woe as I have with you tholed. Chaucer. To thole the winter's steely dribble. Burns.\n\nTo wait. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", - "thomas": null, - "thomism": "The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas, esp. with respect to predestination and grace.", - "thomistic": null, - "thompson": null, - "thomson": null, "thong": "A strap of leather; especially, one used for fastening anything. And nails for loosened spears, and thongs for shields, provide. Dryden. Thong seal (Zoöl.), the bearded seal. See the Note under Seal.", "thongs": "A strap of leather; especially, one used for fastening anything. And nails for loosened spears, and thongs for shields, provide. Dryden. Thong seal (Zoöl.), the bearded seal. See the Note under Seal.", - "thor": "The god of thunder, and son of Odin.", "thoracic": "Of or pertaining to the thorax, or chest. Thoracic duct (Anat.), the great trunk of the lymphatic vessels, situated on the ventral side of the vertebral column in the thorax and abdomen. See Illust. of Lacteal.\n\nOne of a group of fishes having the ventral fins placed beneath the thorax or beneath the pectorial fins.", "thorax": "1. (Anat.) The part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing that part of the body cavity the walls of which are supported by the dorsal vertebræ, the ribs, and the sternum, and which the heart and lungs are situated; the chest. Note: In mammals the thoracic cavity is completely separated from the abdominal by the diaphragm, but in birds and many reptiles the separation is incomplete, while in other reptiles, and in amphibians and fishes, there is no marked separation and no true thorax. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The middle region of the body of an insect, or that region which bears the legs and wings. It is composed of three united somites, each of which is composed of several distinct parts. See Illust. in Appendix. and Illust. of Coleoptera. (b) The second, or middle, region of the body of a crustacean, arachnid, or other articulate animal. In the case of decapod Crustacea, some writers include under the term thorax only the three segments bearing the maxillipeds; others include also the five segments bearing the legs. See Illust. in Appendix. 3. (Antiq.) A breastplate, cuirass, or corselet; especially, the breastplate worn by the ancient Greeks.", "thoraxes": null, - "thorazine": null, - "thoreau": null, "thorium": "A metallic element found in certain rare minerals, as thorite, pyrochlore, monazite, etc., and isolated as an infusible gray metallic powder which burns in the air and forms thoria; -- formerly called also thorinum. Symbol Th. Atomic weight 232.0.", "thorn": "1. A hard and sharp-pointed projection from a woody stem; usually, a branch so transformed; a spine. 2. (Bot.) Any shrub or small tree which bears thorns; especially, any species of the genus Cratægus, as the hawthorn, whitethorn, cockspur thorn. 3. Fig.: That which pricks or annoys as a thorn; anything troublesome; trouble; care. There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me. 2 Cor. xii. 7. The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, Be only mine. Southern. 4. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter th, as in thin, then. So called because it was the initial letter of thorn, a spine. Thorn apple (Bot.), Jamestown weed. -- Thorn broom (Bot.), a shrub that produces thorns. -- Thorn hedge, a hedge of thorn-bearing trees or bushes. -- Thorn devil. (Zoöl.) See Moloch, 2. -- Thorn hopper (Zoöl.), a tree hopper (Thelia cratægi) which lives on the thorn bush, apple tree, and allied trees.\n\nTo prick, as with a thorn. [Poetic] I am the only rose of all the stock That never thorn'd him. Tennyson.", "thornier": null, "thorniest": null, "thorniness": null, "thorns": "1. A hard and sharp-pointed projection from a woody stem; usually, a branch so transformed; a spine. 2. (Bot.) Any shrub or small tree which bears thorns; especially, any species of the genus Cratægus, as the hawthorn, whitethorn, cockspur thorn. 3. Fig.: That which pricks or annoys as a thorn; anything troublesome; trouble; care. There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me. 2 Cor. xii. 7. The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, Be only mine. Southern. 4. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter th, as in thin, then. So called because it was the initial letter of thorn, a spine. Thorn apple (Bot.), Jamestown weed. -- Thorn broom (Bot.), a shrub that produces thorns. -- Thorn hedge, a hedge of thorn-bearing trees or bushes. -- Thorn devil. (Zoöl.) See Moloch, 2. -- Thorn hopper (Zoöl.), a tree hopper (Thelia cratægi) which lives on the thorn bush, apple tree, and allied trees.\n\nTo prick, as with a thorn. [Poetic] I am the only rose of all the stock That never thorn'd him. Tennyson.", - "thornton": null, "thorny": "1. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; spiny; as, a thorny wood; a thorny tree; a thorny crown. 2. Like a thorn or thorns; hence, figuratively, troublesome; vexatious; harassing; perplexing. \"The thorny point of bare distress.\" Shak. The steep and thorny way to heaven. Shak. Thorny rest-harrow (Bot.), rest-harrow. -- Thorny trefoil, a prickly plant of the genus Fagonia (F. Cretica, etc.).", "thorough": "Through. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.\n\n1. Passing through; as, thorough lights in a house. [Obs.] 2. Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet.\n\n1. Thoroughly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer. 2. Through. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nA furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "thoroughbred": "Bred from the best blood through a long line; pure-blooded; -- said of stock, as horses. Hence, having the characteristics of such breeding; mettlesome; courageous; of elegant form, or the like. -- n. A thoroughbred animal, especially a horse.", @@ -78506,9 +69524,7 @@ "thoroughgoing": "1. Going through, or to the end or bottom; very thorough; complete. 2. Going all lengths; extreme; thoroughplaced; -- less common in this sense.", "thoroughly": "In a thorough manner; fully; entirely; completely.", "thoroughness": "The quality or state of being thorough; completeness.", - "thorpe": "A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as, Althorp, Mablethorpe. \"Within a little thorp I staid.\" Fairfax. Then thorpe and byre arose in fire. Tennyson.", "those": "The plural of that. See That.", - "thoth": "1. (Myth.) The god of eloquence and letters among the ancient Egyptians, and supposed to be the inventor of writing and philosophy. He corresponded to the Mercury of the Romans, and was usually represented as a human figure with the head of an ibis or a lamb. 2. (Zoöl.) The Egyptian sacred baboon.", "thou": "The second personal pronoun, in the singular number, denoting the person addressed; thyself; the pronoun which is used in addressing persons in the solemn or poetical style. Art thou he that should come Matt. xi. 3. Note: \"In Old English, generally, thou is the language of a lord to a servant, of an equal to an equal, and expresses also companionship, love, permission, defiance, scorn, threatening: whilst ye is the language of a servant to a lord, and of compliment, and further expresses honor, submission, or entreaty.\" Skeat. Note: Thou is now sometimes used by the Friends, or Quakers, in familiar discourse, though most of them corruptly say thee instead of thou.\n\nTo address as thou, esp. to do so in order to treat with insolent familiarity or contempt. If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss. Shak.\n\nTo use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of the Friends. [R.]", "though": "Granting, admitting, or supposing that; notwithstanding that; if. Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job xiii. 15. Not that I so affirm, though so it seem. Milton. Note: It is compounded with all in although. See Although. As though, as if. In the vine were three branches; and it was as though it budded. Gen. xl. 10.\n\nHowever; nevertheless; notwithstanding; -- used in familiar language, and in the middle or at the end of a sentence. I would not be as sick though for his place. Shak. A good cause would do well, though. Dryden.", "thought": "imp. & p. p. of Think.\n\n1. The act of thinking; the exercise of the mind in any of its higher forms; reflection; cogitation. Thought can not be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render it true that matter can become cogitative. Dr. T. Dwight. 2. Meditation; serious consideration. Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault, Proceeds from want of sense or want of thought. Roscommon. 3. That which is thought; an idea; a mental conception, whether an opinion, judgment, fancy, purpose, or intention. Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thought. Pope. Why do you keep alone, . . . Using those thoughts which should indeed have died With them they think on Shak. Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to choose or to reject. Dryden. All their thoughts are against me for evil. Ps. lvi. 5. 4. Solicitude; anxious care; concern. Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before his business came to an end. Bacon. Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink. Matt. vi. 25. 5. A small degree or quantity; a trifle; as, a thought longer; a thought better. [Colloq.] If the hair were a thought browner. Shak. Note: Thought, in philosophical usage now somewhat current, denotes the capacity for, or the exercise of, the very highest intellectual functions, especially those usually comprehended under judgment. This [faculty], to which I gave the name of the \"elaborative faculty,\" -- the faculty of relations or comparison, -- constitutes what is properly denominated thought. Sir W. Hamilton. Syn. -- Idea; conception; imagination; fancy; conceit; notion; supposition; reflection; consideration; meditation; contemplation; cogitation; deliberation.", @@ -78525,8 +69541,6 @@ "thousands": "1. The number of ten hundred; a collection or sum consisting of ten times one hundred units or objects. 2. Hence, indefinitely, a great number. A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand. Ps. xci. 7. Note: The word thousand often takes a plural form. See the Note under Hundred. 3. A symbol representing one thousand units; as, 1,000, M or CI.\n\n1. Consisting of ten hundred; being ten times one hundred. 2. Hence, consisting of a great number indefinitely. \"Perplexed with a thousand cares.\" Shak.", "thousandth": "1. Next in order after nine hundred and ninty-nine; coming last of a thousand successive individuals or units; -- the ordinal of thousand; as, the thousandth part of a thing. 2. Constituting, or being one of, a thousand equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a hundredth. 3. Occurring as being one of, or the last one of, a very great number; very small; minute; -- used hyperbolically; as, to do a thing for the thousandth time.\n\nThe quotient of a unit divided by a thousand; one of a thousand equal parts into which a unit is divided.", "thousandths": "1. Next in order after nine hundred and ninty-nine; coming last of a thousand successive individuals or units; -- the ordinal of thousand; as, the thousandth part of a thing. 2. Constituting, or being one of, a thousand equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a hundredth. 3. Occurring as being one of, or the last one of, a very great number; very small; minute; -- used hyperbolically; as, to do a thing for the thousandth time.\n\nThe quotient of a unit divided by a thousand; one of a thousand equal parts into which a unit is divided.", - "thrace": null, - "thracian": "Of or pertaining to Thrace, or its people. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thrace.", "thrall": "1. A slave; a bondman. Chaucer. Gurth, the born thrall of Cedric. Sir W. Scott. 2. Slavery; bondage; servitude; thraldom. Tennyson. He still in thrall Of all-subdoing sleep. Chapman. 3. A shelf; a stand for barrels, etc. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nOf or pertaining to a thrall; in the condition of a thrall; bond; enslaved. [Obs.] Spenser. The fiend that would make you thrall and bond. Chaucer.\n\nTo enslave. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.", "thralldom": "Thraldom.", "thralled": null, @@ -78652,8 +69666,6 @@ "thrusts": "Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.\n\n1. To push or drive with force; to drive, force, or impel; to shove; as, to thrust anything with the hand or foot, or with an instrument. Into a dungeon thrust, to work with slaves. Milton. 2. To stab; to pierce; -- usually with through. To thrust away or from, to push away; to reject. -- To thrust in, to push or drive in. -- To thrust off, to push away. -- To thrust on, to impel; to urge. -- To thrust one's self in or into, to obtrude upon, to intrude, as into a room; to enter (a place) where one is not invited or not welcome. -- To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel. -- To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. \"I am eight times thrust through the doublet.\" Shak. -- To thrust together, to compress.\n\n1. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist. 2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in. And thrust between my father and the god. Dryden. 3. To push forward; to come with force; to press on; to intrude. \"Young, old, thrust there in mighty concourse.\" Chapman. To thrust to, to rush upon. [Obs.] As doth an eager hound Thrust to an hind within some covert glade. Spenser.\n\n1. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon moved in the direction of its length, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a stab; -- a word much used as a term of fencing. [Polites] Pyrrhus with his lance pursues, And often reaches, and his thrusts renews. Dryden. 2. An attack; an assault. One thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism. Dr. H. More. 3. (Mech.) The force or pressure of one part of a construction against other parts; especially (Arch.), a horizontal or diagonal outward pressure, as of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against the wall which support them. 4. (Mining) The breaking down of the roof of a gallery under its superincumbent weight. Thrust bearing (Screw Steamers), a bearing arranged to receive the thrust or endwise pressure of the screw shaft. -- Thrust plane (Geol.), the surface along which dislocation has taken place in the case of a reversed fault. Syn. -- Push; shove; assault; attack. Thrust, Push, Shove. Push and shove usually imply the application of force by a body already in contact with the body to be impelled. Thrust, often, but not always, implies the impulse or application of force by a body which is in motion before it reaches the body to be impelled.", "thruway": null, "thruways": null, - "thu": null, - "thucydides": null, "thud": "A dull sound without resonance, like that produced by striking with, or striking against, some comparatively soft substance; also, the stroke or blow producing such sound; as, the thrud of a cannon ball striking the earth. At every new thud of the blast, a sob arose. Jeffrey. At intervals there came some tremendous thud on the side of the steamer. C. Mackay.", "thudded": null, "thudding": null, @@ -78662,7 +69674,6 @@ "thuggery": "Thuggee.", "thuggish": null, "thugs": "One of an association of robbers and murderers in India who practiced murder by stealthy approaches, and from religious motives. They have been nearly exterminated by the British government.", - "thule": "The name given by ancient geographers to the northernmost part of the habitable world. According to some, this land was Norway, according to others, Iceland, or more probably Mainland, the largest of the Shetland islands; hence, the Latin phrase ultima Thule, farthest Thule.", "thulium": "A rare metallic element of uncertain properties and identity, said to have been found in the mineral gadolinite.", "thumb": "The short, thick first digit of the human hand, differing from the other fingers in having but two phalanges; the pollex. See Pollex. Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer. Thumb band, a twist of anything as thick as the thumb. Mortimer. -- Thumb blue, indigo in the form of small balls or lumps, used by washerwomen to blue linen, and the like. -- Thumb latch, a door latch having a lever formed to be pressed by the thumb. -- Thumb mark. (a) The mark left by the impression of a thumb, as on the leaves of a book. Longfellow. (b) The dark spot over each foot in finely bred black and tan terriers. -- Thumb nut, a nut for a screw, having wings to grasp between the thumb and fingers in turning it; also, a nut with a knurled rim for the same perpose. -- Thumb ring, a ring worn on the thumb. Shak. -- Thumb stall. (a) A kind of thimble or ferrule of iron, or leather, for protecting the thumb in making sails, and in other work. (b) (Mil.) A buckskin cushion worn on the thumb, and used to close the vent of a cannon while it is sponged, or loaded. -- Under one's thumb, completely under one's power or influence; in a condition of subservience. [Colloq.]\n\n1. To handle awkwardly. Johnson. 2. To play with the thumbs, or with the thumbs and fingers; as, to thumb over a tune. 3. To soil or wear with the thumb or the fingers; to soil, or wear out, by frequent handling; also, to cover with the thumb; as, to thumb the touch-hole of a cannon. He gravely informed the enemy that all his cards had been thumbed to pieces, and begged them to let him have a few more packs. Macaulay.\n\nTo play with the thumb or thumbs; to play clumsily; to thrum.", "thumbed": "1. Having thumbs. 2. Soiled by handling.", @@ -78681,7 +69692,6 @@ "thumping": "Heavy; large. [Colloq.]", "thumps": "1. The sound made by the sudden fall or blow of a heavy body, as of a hammer, or the like. The distant forge's swinging thump profound. Wordsworth. With heavy thump, a lifeless lump, They dropped down, one by one. Coleridge. 2. A blow or knock, as with something blunt or heavy; a heavy fall. The watchman gave so great a thump at my door, that I awaked at the knock. Tatler.\n\nTo strike or beat with something thick or heavy, or so as to cause a dull sound. These bastard Bretons; whom our hathers Have in their own land beaten, bobbed, and thumped. Shak.\n\nTo give a thump or thumps; to strike or fall with a heavy blow; to pound. A watchman at midnight thumps with his pole. Swift.", "thunder": "1. The sound which follows a flash of lightning; the report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. 2. The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt. [Obs.] The revenging gods 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend. Shak. 3. Any loud noise; as, the thunder of cannon. 4. An alarming or statrling threat or denunciation. The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of princes. Prescott. Thunder pumper. (Zoöl.) (a) The croaker (Haploidontus grunniens). (b) The American bittern or stake-driver. -- Thunder rod, a lightning rod. [R.] -- Thunder snake. (Zoöl.) (a) The chicken, or milk, snake. (b) A small reddish ground snake (Carphophis, or Celuta, amoena) native to the Eastern United States; -- called also worm snake. -- Thunder tube, a fulgurite. See Fulgurite.\n\n1. To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity; -- often used impersonally; as, it thundered continuously. Canst thou thunder with a voice like him Job xl. 9. 2. Fig.: To make a loud noise; esp. a heavy sound, of some continuance. His dreadful voice no more Would thunder in my ears. Milton. 3. To utter violent denunciation.\n\nTo emit with noise and terror; to utter vehemently; to publish, as a threat or denunciation. Oracles severe Were daily thundered in our general's ear. Dryden. An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical censure. Ayliffe.", - "thunderbird": "An Australian insectivorous singing bird (Pachycephala gutturalis). The male is conspicuously marked with black and yellow, and has a black crescent on the breast. Called also white-throated thickhead, orange-breasted thrust, black-crowned thrush, guttural thrush, and black-breasted flycatcher.", "thunderbolt": "1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth. 2. Something resembling lightning in suddenness and effectiveness. The Scipios' worth, those thunderbolts of war. Dryden. 3. Vehement threatening or censure; especially, ecclesiastical denunciation; fulmination. He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication. Hakewill. 4. (Paleon.) A belemnite, or thunderstone. Thunderbolt beetle (Zoöl.), a long-horned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the trunk of oak and chestnut trees. It is brownish and bluish-black, with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra.", "thunderbolts": "1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth. 2. Something resembling lightning in suddenness and effectiveness. The Scipios' worth, those thunderbolts of war. Dryden. 3. Vehement threatening or censure; especially, ecclesiastical denunciation; fulmination. He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication. Hakewill. 4. (Paleon.) A belemnite, or thunderstone. Thunderbolt beetle (Zoöl.), a long-horned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the trunk of oak and chestnut trees. It is brownish and bluish-black, with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra.", "thunderclap": "A sharp burst of thunder; a sudden report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. \"Thunderclaps that make them quake.\" Spenser. When suddenly the thunderclap was heard. Dryden.", @@ -78705,15 +69715,7 @@ "thundery": "Accompanied with thunder; thunderous. [R.] \"Thundery weather.\" Pennant.", "thunk": null, "thunks": null, - "thur": null, - "thurber": null, - "thurman": null, - "thurmond": null, - "thurs": null, - "thursday": "The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday. Holy Thursday. See under Holy.", - "thursdays": "The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday. Holy Thursday. See under Holy.", "thus": "The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers.\n\n1. In this or that manner; on this wise. Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he. Gen. vi. 22. Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth. Milton. 2. To this degree or extent; so far; so; as, thus wise; thus peaceble; thus bold. Shak. Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds. Milton.", - "thutmose": null, "thwack": "1. To strike with something flat or heavy; to bang, or thrash: to thump. \"A distant thwacking sound.\" W. Irving. 2. To fill to overflow. [Obs.] Stanyhurst.\n\nA heavy blow with something flat or heavy; a thump. With many a stiff thwack, many a bang, Hard crab tree and old iron rang. Hudibras.", "thwacked": null, "thwacker": null, @@ -78734,15 +69736,8 @@ "thyroids": "1. Shaped like an oblong shield; shield-shaped; as, the thyroid cartilage. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid body, thyroid cartilage, or thyroid artery; thyroideal. Thyroid cartilage. See under Larynx. -- Thyroid body, or Thyroid gland (Anat.), a glandlike but ductless body, or pair of bodies, of unknown function, in the floor of the mouth or the region of the larynx. In man and most mammals it is a highly vascular organ, partly surrounding the base of the larynx and the upper part of the trachea. -- Thyroid dislocation (Surg.), dislocation of the thigh bone into the thyroid foramen. -- Thyroid foramen, the obturator foramen.", "thyself": "An emphasized form of the personal pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with thou; as, thou thyself shalt go; that is, thou shalt go, and no other. It is sometimes used, especially in the predicate, without thou, and in the nominative as well as in the objective case. Thyself shalt see the act. Shak. Ere I do thee, thou to thyself wast cruel. Milton.", "ti": null, - "tia": null, - "tianjin": null, "tiara": "1. A form of headdress worn by the ancient Persians. According to Xenophon, the royal tiara was encircled with a diadem, and was high and erect, while those of the people were flexible, or had rims turned over. 2. The pope's triple crown. It was at first a round, high cap, but was afterward encompassed with a crown, subsequently with a second, and finally with a third. Fig.: The papal dignity.", "tiaras": "1. A form of headdress worn by the ancient Persians. According to Xenophon, the royal tiara was encircled with a diadem, and was high and erect, while those of the people were flexible, or had rims turned over. 2. The pope's triple crown. It was at first a round, high cap, but was afterward encompassed with a crown, subsequently with a second, and finally with a third. Fig.: The papal dignity.", - "tiber": null, - "tiberius": null, - "tibet": null, - "tibetan": null, - "tibetans": null, "tibia": "1. (Anat.) The inner, or preaxial, and usually the larger, of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee. 2. (Zoöl.) The fourth joint of the leg of an insect. See Illust. under Coleoptera, and under Hexapoda. 3. (Antiq.) A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the leg bone of an animal.", "tibiae": null, "tibial": "1. Of or pertaining to a tibia. 2. Of or pertaining to a pipe or flute. Tibial spur (Zoöl.), a spine frequently borne on the tibia of insects. See Illust. under Coleoptera.\n\nA tibial bone; a tibiale.", @@ -78754,7 +69749,6 @@ "ticket": "A small piece of paper, cardboard, or the like, serving as a notice, certificate, or distinguishing token of something. Specifically: -- (a) A little note or notice. [Obs. or Local] He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school doors. Fuller. (b) A tradesman's bill or account. [Obs.] Note: Hence the phrase on ticket, on account; whence, by abbreviation, came the phrase on tick. See 1st Tick. Your courtier is mad to take up silks and velvets On ticket for his mistress. J. Cotgrave. (c) A certificate or token of right of admission to a place of assembly, or of passage in a public conveyance; as, a theater ticket; a railroad or steamboat ticket. (d) A label to show the character or price of goods. (e) A certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other scheme for distributing money, goods, or the like. (f) (Politics) A printed list of candidates to be voted for at an election; a set of nominations by one party for election; a ballot. [U.S.] The old ticket forever! We have it by thirty-four votes. Sarah Franklin (1766). Scratched ticket, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the candidates are scratched out. -- Split ticket, a ticket representing different divisions of a party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties. -- Straight ticket, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a party, without change. -- Ticket day (Com.), the day before the settling or pay day on the stock exchange, when the names of the actual purchasers are rendered in by one stockbroker to another. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket of leave, a license or permit given to a convict, or prisoner of the crown, to go at large, and to labor for himself before the expiration of his sentence, subject to certain specific conditions. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket porter, a licensed porter wearing a badge by which he may be identified. [Eng.]\n\n1. To distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket goods. 2. To furnish with a tickets; to book; as, to ticket passengers to California. [U.S.]", "ticketed": null, "ticketing": "A periodical sale of ore in the English mining districts; -- so called from the tickets upon which are written the bids of the buyers.", - "ticketmaster": null, "tickets": "A small piece of paper, cardboard, or the like, serving as a notice, certificate, or distinguishing token of something. Specifically: -- (a) A little note or notice. [Obs. or Local] He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school doors. Fuller. (b) A tradesman's bill or account. [Obs.] Note: Hence the phrase on ticket, on account; whence, by abbreviation, came the phrase on tick. See 1st Tick. Your courtier is mad to take up silks and velvets On ticket for his mistress. J. Cotgrave. (c) A certificate or token of right of admission to a place of assembly, or of passage in a public conveyance; as, a theater ticket; a railroad or steamboat ticket. (d) A label to show the character or price of goods. (e) A certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other scheme for distributing money, goods, or the like. (f) (Politics) A printed list of candidates to be voted for at an election; a set of nominations by one party for election; a ballot. [U.S.] The old ticket forever! We have it by thirty-four votes. Sarah Franklin (1766). Scratched ticket, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the candidates are scratched out. -- Split ticket, a ticket representing different divisions of a party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties. -- Straight ticket, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a party, without change. -- Ticket day (Com.), the day before the settling or pay day on the stock exchange, when the names of the actual purchasers are rendered in by one stockbroker to another. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket of leave, a license or permit given to a convict, or prisoner of the crown, to go at large, and to labor for himself before the expiration of his sentence, subject to certain specific conditions. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket porter, a licensed porter wearing a badge by which he may be identified. [Eng.]\n\n1. To distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket goods. 2. To furnish with a tickets; to book; as, to ticket passengers to California. [U.S.]", "ticking": "A strong, closely woven linen or cotton fabric, of which ticks for beds are made. It is usually twilled, and woven in stripes of different colors, as white and blue; -- called also ticken.", "tickle": "1. To touch lightly, so as to produce a peculiar thrilling sensation, which commonly causes laughter, and a kind of spasm which become dengerous if too long protracted. If you tickle us, do we not laugh Shak. 2. To please; to gratify; to make joyous. Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope. Such a nature Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow Which he treads on at noon. Shak.\n\n1. To feel titillation. He with secret joy therefore Did tickle inwardly in every vein. Spenser. 2. To excite the sensation of titillation. Shak.\n\n1. Ticklish; easily tickled. [Obs.] 2. Liable to change; uncertain; inconstant. [Obs.] The world is now full tickle, sikerly. Chaucer. So tickle is the state of earthy things. Spenser. 3. Wavering, or liable to waver and fall at the slightest touch; unstable; easily overthrown. [Obs.] Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders, that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Shak.", @@ -78770,7 +69764,6 @@ "ticktacktoe": null, "ticktock": null, "ticktocks": null, - "ticonderoga": null, "tics": "A local and habitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; especially, such a motion of some of the muscles of the face; twitching; velication; -- called also spasmodic tic. Dunglison. Tic douloureux (. Etym: [F., fr. tic a knack, a twitching + douloureux painful.] (Med.) Neuralgia in the face; face ague. See under Face.", "tidal": "Of or pertaining to tides; caused by tides; having tides; periodically rising and falling, or following and ebbing; as, tidal waters. The tidal wave of deeper souls Into our inmost being rolls, And lifts us unawares Out of all meaner cares. Longfellow. Tidal air (Physiol.), the air which passes in and out of the lungs in ordinary breathing. It varies from twenty to thirty cubic inches. -- Tidal basin, a dock that is filled at the rising of the tide. -- Tidal wave. (a) See Tide wave, under Tide. Cf. 4th Bore. (b) A vast, swift wave caused by an earthquake or some extraordinary combination of natural causes. It rises far above high-water mark and is often very destructive upon low-lying coasts.", "tidally": null, @@ -78810,7 +69803,6 @@ "tiebreakers": null, "tiebreaks": null, "tied": null, - "tienanmen": null, "tiepin": null, "tiepins": null, "tier": "One who, or that which, ties.\n\nA chold's apron covering the upper part of the body, and tied with tape or cord; a pinafore. [Written also tire.]\n\nA row or rank, especially one of two or more rows placed one above, or higher than, another; as, a tier of seats in a theater. Tiers of a cable, the ranges of fakes, or windings, of a cable, laid one within another when coiled.", @@ -78818,7 +69810,6 @@ "tiers": "One who, or that which, ties.\n\nA chold's apron covering the upper part of the body, and tied with tape or cord; a pinafore. [Written also tire.]\n\nA row or rank, especially one of two or more rows placed one above, or higher than, another; as, a tier of seats in a theater. Tiers of a cable, the ranges of fakes, or windings, of a cable, laid one within another when coiled.", "ties": "1. A knot; a fastening. 2. A bond; an obligation, moral or legal; as, the sacred ties of friendship or of duty; the ties of allegiance. No distance breaks the tie of blood. Young. 3. A knot of hair, as at the back of a wig. Young. 4. An equality in numbers, as of votes, scores, etc., which prevents either party from being victorious; equality in any contest, as a race. 5. (Arch. & Engin.) A beam or rod for holding two parts together; in railways, one of the transverse timbers which support the track and keep it in place. 6. (Mus.) A line, usually straight, drawn across the stems of notes, or a curved line written over or under the notes, signifying that they are to be slurred, or closely united in the performance, or that two notes of the same pitch are to be sounded as one; a bind; a ligature. 7. pl. Low shoes fastened with lacings. Bale tie, a fastening for the ends of a hoop for a bale.\n\n1. To fasten with a band or cord and knot; to bind. \"Tie the kine to the cart.\" 1 Sam. vi. 7. My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy mother: bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. Prov. vi. 20,21. 2. To form, as a knot, by interlacing or complicating a cord; also, to interlace, or form a knot in; as, to tie a cord to a tree; to knit; to knot. \"We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle the argument.\" Bp. Burnet. 3. To unite firmly; to fasten; to hold. In bond of virtuous love together tied. Fairfax. 4. To hold or constrain by authority or moral influence, as by knotted cords; to oblige; to constrain; to restrain; to confine. Not tied to rules of policy, you find Revenge less sweet than a forgiving mind. Dryden. 5. (Mus.) To unite, as notes, by a cross line, or by a curved line, or slur, drawn over or under them. 6. To make an equal score with, in a contest; to be even with. To ride and tie. See under Ride. -- To tie down. (a) To fasten so as to prevent from rising. (b) To restrain; to confine; to hinder from action. -- To tie up, to confine; to restrain; to hinder from motion or action.\n\nTo make a tie; to make an equal score.", "tiff": "1. Liquor; especially, a small draught of liquor. \"Sipping his tiff of brandy punch.\" Sir W. Scott. 2. A fit of anger or peevishness; a slight altercation or contention. See Tift. Thackeray.\n\nTo be in a pet. She tiffed with Tim, she ran from Ralph. Landor.\n\nTo deck out; to dress. [Obs.] A. Tucker.", - "tiffany": "A species of gause, or very silk. The smoke of sulphur . . . is commonly used by women to whiten tiffanies. Sir T. Browne.", "tiffed": null, "tiffing": null, "tiffs": "1. Liquor; especially, a small draught of liquor. \"Sipping his tiff of brandy punch.\" Sir W. Scott. 2. A fit of anger or peevishness; a slight altercation or contention. See Tift. Thackeray.\n\nTo be in a pet. She tiffed with Tim, she ran from Ralph. Landor.\n\nTo deck out; to dress. [Obs.] A. Tucker.", @@ -78844,8 +69835,6 @@ "tightwads": null, "tigress": "The female of the tiger. Holland.", "tigresses": null, - "tigris": null, - "tijuana": null, "til": "See Till. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "tilapia": null, "tilde": "The accentual mark placed over n, and sometimes over l, in Spanish words [thus, ñ, l], indicating that, in pronunciation, the sound of the following vowel is to be preceded by that of the initial, or consonantal, y.", @@ -78862,16 +69851,12 @@ "tilled": null, "tiller": "One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a plowman.\n\n1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sucker. (b) A sprout or young tree that springs from a root or stump. 2. A young timber tree. [Prov. Eng.] Evelyn.\n\nTo put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of the original stalk; as, wheat or rye tillers; some spread plants by tillering. [Sometimes written tillow.]\n\n1. (Naut.) A lever of wood or metal fitted to the rudder head and used for turning side to side in steering. In small boats hand power is used; in large vessels, the tiller is moved by means of mechanical appliances. See Illust. of Rudder. Cf. 2d Helm, 1. 2. The stalk, or handle, of a crossbow; also, sometimes, the bow itself. [Obs.] You can shoot in a tiller. Beau. & Fl. 3. The handle of anything. [Prov. Eng.] 4. A small drawer; a till. Dryden. Tiller rope (Naut.), a rope for turning a tiller. In a large vessel it forms the connection between the fore end of the tiller and the steering wheel.", "tillers": "One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a plowman.\n\n1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sucker. (b) A sprout or young tree that springs from a root or stump. 2. A young timber tree. [Prov. Eng.] Evelyn.\n\nTo put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of the original stalk; as, wheat or rye tillers; some spread plants by tillering. [Sometimes written tillow.]\n\n1. (Naut.) A lever of wood or metal fitted to the rudder head and used for turning side to side in steering. In small boats hand power is used; in large vessels, the tiller is moved by means of mechanical appliances. See Illust. of Rudder. Cf. 2d Helm, 1. 2. The stalk, or handle, of a crossbow; also, sometimes, the bow itself. [Obs.] You can shoot in a tiller. Beau. & Fl. 3. The handle of anything. [Prov. Eng.] 4. A small drawer; a till. Dryden. Tiller rope (Naut.), a rope for turning a tiller. In a large vessel it forms the connection between the fore end of the tiller and the steering wheel.", - "tillich": null, "tilling": null, - "tillman": "A man who tills the earth; a husbandman. [Obs.] Tusser.", "tills": "A vetch; a tare. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA drawer. Specifically: (a) A tray or drawer in a chest. (b) A money drawer in a shop or store. Till alarm, a device for sounding an alarm when a money drawer is opened or tampered with.\n\n1. (Geol.) A deposit of clay, sand, and gravel, without lamination, formed in a glacier valley by means of the waters derived from the melting glaciers; -- sometimes applied to alluvium of an upper river terrace, when not laminated, and appearing as if formed in the same manner. 2. A kind of coarse, obdurate land. Loudon.\n\nTo; unto; up to; as far as; until; -- now used only in respect to time, but formerly, also, of place, degree, etc., and still so used in Scotland and in parts of England and Ireland; as, I worked till four o'clock; I will wait till next week. He . . . came till an house. Chaucer. Women, up till this Cramped under worse than South-sea-isle taboo. Tennyson. Similar sentiments will recur to every one familiar with his writings -- all through them till the very end. Prof. Wilson. Till now, to the present time. -- Till then, to that time.\n\nAs far as; up to the place or degree that; especially, up to the time that; that is, to the time specified in the sentence or clause following; until. And said unto them, Occupy till I come. Luke xix. 13. Mediate so long till you make some act of prayer to God. Jer. Taylor. There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived. Macaulay. Note: This use may be explained by supposing an ellipsis of when, or the time when, the proper conjunction or conjunctive adverb begin when.\n\n1. To plow and prepare for seed, and to sow, dress, raise crops from, etc., to cultivate; as, to till the earth, a field, a farm. No field nolde [would not] tilye. P. Plowman. the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. Gen. iii. 23. 2. To prepare; to get. [Obs.] W. Browne.\n\nTo cultivate land. Piers Plowman.", - "tilsit": null, "tilt": "1. A covering overhead; especially, a tent. Denham. 2. The cloth covering of a cart or a wagon. 3. (Naut.) A cloth cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning extended over the sternsheets of a boat. Tilt boat (Naut.), a boat covered with canvas or other cloth. -- Tilt roof (Arch.), a round-headed roof, like the canopy of a wagon.\n\nTo cover with a tilt, or awning.\n\n1. To incline; to tip; to raise one end of for discharging liquor; as, to tilt a barrel. 2. To point or thrust, as a lance. Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance. J. Philips. 3. To point or thrust a weapon at. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 4. To hammer or forge with a tilt hammer; as, to tilt steel in order to render it more ductile.\n\n1. To run or ride, and thrust with a lance; to practice the military game or exercise of thrusting with a lance, as a combatant on horseback; to joust; also, figuratively, to engage in any combat or movement resembling that of horsemen tilting with lances. He tilts With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast. Shak. Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast. Shak. But in this tournament can no man tilt. Tennyson. The fleet, swift tilting, o'er the Pope. 2. To lean; to fall partly over; to tip. The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of the back. Grew.\n\n1. A thrust, as with a lance. Addison. 2. A military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other with lances; a tournament. 3. See Tilt hammer, in the Vocabulary. 4. Inclination forward; as, the tilt of a cask. Full tilt, with full force. Dampier.", "tilted": null, "tilting": "1. The act of one who tilts; a tilt. 2. The process by which blister steel is rendered ductile by being forged with a tilt hammer. Tilting helmet, a helmet of large size and unusual weight and strength, worn at tilts.", "tilts": "1. A covering overhead; especially, a tent. Denham. 2. The cloth covering of a cart or a wagon. 3. (Naut.) A cloth cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning extended over the sternsheets of a boat. Tilt boat (Naut.), a boat covered with canvas or other cloth. -- Tilt roof (Arch.), a round-headed roof, like the canopy of a wagon.\n\nTo cover with a tilt, or awning.\n\n1. To incline; to tip; to raise one end of for discharging liquor; as, to tilt a barrel. 2. To point or thrust, as a lance. Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance. J. Philips. 3. To point or thrust a weapon at. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 4. To hammer or forge with a tilt hammer; as, to tilt steel in order to render it more ductile.\n\n1. To run or ride, and thrust with a lance; to practice the military game or exercise of thrusting with a lance, as a combatant on horseback; to joust; also, figuratively, to engage in any combat or movement resembling that of horsemen tilting with lances. He tilts With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast. Shak. Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast. Shak. But in this tournament can no man tilt. Tennyson. The fleet, swift tilting, o'er the Pope. 2. To lean; to fall partly over; to tip. The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of the back. Grew.\n\n1. A thrust, as with a lance. Addison. 2. A military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other with lances; a tournament. 3. See Tilt hammer, in the Vocabulary. 4. Inclination forward; as, the tilt of a cask. Full tilt, with full force. Dampier.", - "tim": null, "timber": "A certain quantity of fur skins, as of martens, ermines, sables, etc., packed between boards; being in some cases forty skins, in others one hundred and twenty; -- called also timmer. [Written also timbre.]\n\nThe crest on a coat of arms. [Written also timbre.]\n\nTo surmount as a timber does. [Obs.]\n\n1. That sort of wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like; -- usually said of felled trees, but sometimes of those standing. Cf. Lumber, 3. And ta'en my fiddle to the gate, . . . And fiddled in the timber! Tennyson. 2. The body, stem, or trunk of a tree. 3. Fig.: Material for any structure. Such dispositions are the very errors of human nature; and yet they are the fittest timber to make politics of. Bacon. 4. A single piece or squared stick of wood intended for building, or already framed; collectively, the larger pieces or sticks of wood, forming the framework of a house, ship, or other structure, in distinction from the covering or boarding. So they prepared timber . . . to build the house. 1 Kings v. 18. Many of the timbers were decayed. W. Coxe. 5. Woods or forest; wooden land. [Western U.S.] 6. (Shipbuilding) A rib, or a curving piece of wood, branching outward from the keel and bending upward in a vertical direction. One timber is composed of several pieces united. Timber and room. (Shipbuilding) Same as Room and space. See under Room. -- Timber beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles the larvæ of which bore in timber; as, the silky timber beetle (Lymexylon sericeum). -- Timber doodle (Zoöl.), the American woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Timber grouse (Zoöl.), any species of grouse that inhabits woods, as the ruffed grouse and spruce partridge; -- distinguished from prairie grouse. -- Timber hitch (Naut.), a kind of hitch used for temporarily marking fast a rope to a spar. See Illust. under Hitch. -- Timber mare, a kind of instrument upon which soldiers were formerly compelled to ride for punishment. Johnson. -- Timber scribe, a metal tool or pointed instrument for marking timber. Simmonds. -- Timber sow. (Zoöl.) Same as Timber worm, below. Bacon. -- Timber tree, a tree suitable for timber. -- Timber worm (Zoöl.), any larval insect which burrows in timber. -- Timber yard, a yard or place where timber is deposited.\n\nTo furnish with timber; -- chiefly used in the past participle. His bark is stoutly timbered. Shak.\n\n1. To light on a tree. [Obs.] 2. (Falconry) To make a nest.", "timbered": "1. Furnished with timber; -- often compounded; as, a well-timbered house; a low-timbered house. L'Estrange. 2. Built; formed; contrived. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. 3. Massive, like timber. [Obs.] His timbered bones all broken, rudely rumbled. Spenser. 4. Covered with growth timber; wooden; as, well-timbered land.", "timbering": "The act of furnishing with timber; also, timbers, collectively; timberwork; timber.", @@ -78883,7 +69868,6 @@ "timbrel": "A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest antiquity. Miriam . . . took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. Ex. xv. 20.", "timbrels": "A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest antiquity. Miriam . . . took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. Ex. xv. 20.", "timbres": "See 1st Timber.\n\n1. (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms. 2. (Mus.) The quality or tone distinguishing voices or instruments; tone color; clang tint; as, the timbre of the voice; the timbre of a violin. See Tone, and Partial tones, under Partial.", - "timbuktu": null, "time": "1. Duration, considered independently of any system of measurement or any employment of terms which designate limited portions thereof. The time wasteth [i. e. passes away] night and day. Chaucer. I know of no ideas . . . that have a better claim to be accounted simple and original than those of space and time. Reid. 2. A particular period or part of duration, whether past, present, or future; a point or portion of duration; as, the time was, or has been; the time is, or will be. God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets. Heb. i. 1. 3. The period at which any definite event occurred, or person lived; age; period; era; as, the Spanish Armada was destroyed in the time of Queen Elizabeth; -- often in the plural; as, ancient times; modern times. 4. The duration of one's life; the hours and days which a person has at his disposal. Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to religion, to mankind. Buckminster. 5. A proper time; a season; an opportunity. There is . . . a time to every purpose. Eccl. iii. 1. The time of figs was not yet. Mark xi. 13. 6. Hour of travail, delivery, or parturition. She was within one month of her time. Clarendon. 7. Performance or occurrence of an action or event, considered with reference to repetition; addition of a number to itself; repetition; as, to double cloth four times; four times four, or sixteen. Summers three times eight save one. Milton. 8. The present life; existence in this world as contrasted with immortal life; definite, as contrasted with infinite, duration. Till time and sin together cease. Keble. 9. (Gram.) Tense. 10. (Mus.) The measured duration of sounds; measure; tempo; rate of movement; rhythmical division; as, common or triple time; the musician keeps good time. Some few lines set unto a solemn time. Beau. & Fl. Note: Time is often used in the formation of compounds, mostly self- explaining; as, time-battered, time-beguiling, time-consecrated, time-consuming, time-enduring, time-killing, time-sanctioned, time- scorner, time-wasting, time-worn, etc. Absolute time, time irrespective of local standards or epochs; as, all spectators see a lunar eclipse at the same instant of absolute time. -- Apparent time, the time of day reckoned by the sun, or so that 12 o'clock at the place is the instant of the transit of the sun's center over the meridian. -- Astronomical time, mean solar time reckoned by counting the hours continuously up to twenty-four from one noon to the next. -- At times, at distinct intervals of duration; now and then; as, at times he reads, at other times he rides. -- Civil time, time as reckoned for the purposes of common life in distinct periods, as years, months, days, hours, etc., the latter, among most modern nations, being divided into two series of twelve each, and reckoned, the first series from midnight to noon, the second, from noon to midnight. -- Common time (Mil.), the ordinary time of marching, in which ninety steps, each twenty-eight inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Equation of time. See under Equation, n. -- In time. (a) In good season; sufficiently early; as, he arrived in time to see the exhibition. (b) After a considerable space of duration; eventually; finally; as, you will in time recover your health and strength. -- Mean time. See under 4th Mean. -- Quick time (Mil.), time of marching, in which one hundred and twenty steps, each thirty inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Sidereal time. See under Sidereal. -- Standard time, the civil time that has been established by law or by general usage over a region or country. In England the standard time is Greenwich mean solar time. In the United States and Canada four kinds of standard time have been adopted by the railroads and accepted by the people, viz., Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time, corresponding severally to the mean local times of the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th meridians west from Greenwich, and being therefore five, six, seven, and eight hours slower than Greenwich time. -- Time ball, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole, to indicate true midday time, as at Greenwich Observatory, England. Nichol. -- Time bargain (Com.), a contract made for the sale or purchase of merchandise, or of stock in the public funds, at a certain time in the future. -- Time bill. Same as Time-table. [Eng.] -- Time book, a book in which is kept a record of the time persons have worked. -- Time detector, a timepiece provided with a device for registering and indicating the exact time when a watchman visits certain stations in his beat. -- Time enough, in season; early enough. \"Stanly at Bosworth field, . . . came time enough to save his life.\" Bacon. -- Time fuse, a fuse, as for an explosive projectile, which can be so arranged as to ignite the charge at a certain definite interval after being itself ignited. -- Time immemorial, or Time out of mind. (Eng. Law) See under Immemorial. -- Time lock, a lock having clockwork attached, which, when wound up, prevents the bolt from being withdrawn when locked, until a certain interval of time has elapsed. -- Time of day, salutation appropriate to the times of the day, as \"good morning,\" \"good evening,\" and the like; greeting. -- To kill time. See under Kill, v. t. -- To make time. (a) To gain time. (b) To occupy or use (a certain) time in doing something; as, the trotting horse made fast time. -- To move, run, or go, against time, to move, run, or go a given distance without a competitor, in the quickest possible time; or, to accomplish the greatest distance which can be passed over in a given time; as, the horse is to run against time. -- True time. (a) Mean time as kept by a clock going uniformly. (b) (Astron.) Apparent time as reckoned from the transit of the sun's center over the meridian.\n\n1. To appoint the time for; to bring, begin, or perform at the proper season or time; as, he timed his appearance rightly. There is no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon. 2. To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement. Who overlooked the oars, and timed the stroke. Addison. He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying cries. Shak. 3. To ascertain or record the time, duration, or rate of; as, to time the speed of horses, or hours for workmen. 4. To measure, as in music or harmony.\n\n1. To keep or beat time; to proceed or move in time. With oar strokes timing to their song. Whittier. 2. To pass time; to delay. [Obs.]", "timed": null, "timekeeper": "1. A clock, watch, or other chronometer; a timepiece. 2. A person who keeps, marks, regulates, or determines the time. Specifically: -- (a) A person who keeps a record of the time spent by workmen at their work. (b) One who gives the time for the departure of conveyances. (c) One who marks the time in musical performances. (d) One appointed to mark and declare the time of participants in races or other contests.", @@ -78920,7 +69904,6 @@ "timetables": null, "timetabling": null, "timeworn": null, - "timex": null, "timezone": null, "timid": "Wanting courage to meet danger; easily frightened; timorous; not bold; fearful; shy. Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare. Thomson. Syn. -- Fearful; timorous; afraid; cowardly; pusillanimous; faint- hearted; shrinking; retiring. -- Tim\"id*ly, adv. -- Tim\"id*ness, n.", "timider": null, @@ -78930,9 +69913,6 @@ "timidness": null, "timing": null, "timings": null, - "timmy": null, - "timon": null, - "timor": null, "timorous": "1. Fearful of danger; timid; deficient in courage. Shak. 2. Indicating, or caused by, fear; as, timorous doubts. \"The timorous apostasy of chuchmen.\" Milman. -- Tim\"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Tim\"or*ous*ness, n.", "timorously": null, "timorousness": null, @@ -78940,10 +69920,7 @@ "timpani": null, "timpanist": null, "timpanists": null, - "timur": null, - "timurid": null, "tin": "1. (Chem.) An elementary substance found as an oxide in the mineral cassiterite, and reduced as a soft white crystalline metal, malleable at ordinary temperatures, but brittle when heated. It is not easily oxidized in the air, and is used chiefly to coat iron to protect it from rusting, in the form of tin foil with mercury to form the reflective surface of mirrors, and in solder, bronze, speculum metal, and other alloys. Its compounds are designated as stannous, or stannic. Symbol Sn (Stannum). Atomic weight 117.4. 2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin; tin plate. 3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield. Block tin (Metal.), commercial tin, cast into blocks, and partially refined, but containing small quantities of various impurities, as copper, lead, iron, arsenic, etc.; solid tin as distinguished from tin plate; -- called also bar tin. -- Butter of tin. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Grain tin. (Metal.) See under Grain. -- Salt of tin (Dyeing), stannous chloride, especially so called when used as a mordant. -- Stream tin. See under Stream. -- Tin cry (Chem.), the peculiar creaking noise made when a bar of tin is bent. It is produced by the grating of the crystal granules on each other. -- Tin foil, tin reduced to a thin leaf. -- Tin frame (Mining), a kind of buddle used in washing tin ore. -- Tin liquor, Tin mordant (Dyeing), stannous chloride, used as a mordant in dyeing and calico printing. -- Tin penny, a customary duty in England, formerly paid to tithingmen for liberty to dig in tin mines. [Obs.] Bailey. -- Tin plate, thin sheet iron coated with tin. -- Tin pyrites. See Stannite.\n\nTo cover with tin or tinned iron, or to overlay with tin foil.", - "tina": null, "tincture": "1. A tinge or shade of color; a tint; as, a tincture of red. 2. (Her.) One of the metals, colors, or furs used in armory. Note: There are two metals: gold, called or, and represented in engraving by a white surface covered with small dots; and silver, called argent, and represented by a plain white surface. The colors and their representations are as follows: red, called gules, or a shading of vertical lines; blue, called azure, or horizontal lines; black, called sable, or horizontal and vertical lines crossing; green, called vert, or diagonal lines from dexter chief corner; purple, called purpure, or diagonal lines from sinister chief corner. The furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, counter vair, potent, and counter potent. See Illustration in Appendix. 3. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a solvent; an extract of a part of the substance of a body communicated to the solvent. 4. (Med.) A solution (commonly colored) of medicinal substance in alcohol, usually more or less diluted; spirit containing medicinal substances in solution. Note: According to the United States Pharmacopoeia, the term tincture (also called alcoholic tincture, and spirituous tincture) is reserved for the alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances, alcoholic solutions of volatile substances being called spirits. Ethereal tincture, a solution of medicinal substance in ether. 5. A slight taste superadded to any substance; as, a tincture of orange peel. 6. A slight quality added to anything; a tinge; as, a tincture of French manners. All manners take a tincture from our own. Pope. Every man had a slight tincture of soldiership, and scarcely any man more than a slight tincture. Macaulay.\n\n1. To communicate a slight foreign color to; to tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter. A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors. I. Watts. 2. To imbue the mind of; to communicate a portion of anything foreign to; to tinge. The stain of habitual sin may thoroughly tincture all our soul. Barrow.", "tinctured": null, "tinctures": "1. A tinge or shade of color; a tint; as, a tincture of red. 2. (Her.) One of the metals, colors, or furs used in armory. Note: There are two metals: gold, called or, and represented in engraving by a white surface covered with small dots; and silver, called argent, and represented by a plain white surface. The colors and their representations are as follows: red, called gules, or a shading of vertical lines; blue, called azure, or horizontal lines; black, called sable, or horizontal and vertical lines crossing; green, called vert, or diagonal lines from dexter chief corner; purple, called purpure, or diagonal lines from sinister chief corner. The furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, counter vair, potent, and counter potent. See Illustration in Appendix. 3. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a solvent; an extract of a part of the substance of a body communicated to the solvent. 4. (Med.) A solution (commonly colored) of medicinal substance in alcohol, usually more or less diluted; spirit containing medicinal substances in solution. Note: According to the United States Pharmacopoeia, the term tincture (also called alcoholic tincture, and spirituous tincture) is reserved for the alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances, alcoholic solutions of volatile substances being called spirits. Ethereal tincture, a solution of medicinal substance in ether. 5. A slight taste superadded to any substance; as, a tincture of orange peel. 6. A slight quality added to anything; a tinge; as, a tincture of French manners. All manners take a tincture from our own. Pope. Every man had a slight tincture of soldiership, and scarcely any man more than a slight tincture. Macaulay.\n\n1. To communicate a slight foreign color to; to tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter. A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors. I. Watts. 2. To imbue the mind of; to communicate a portion of anything foreign to; to tinge. The stain of habitual sin may thoroughly tincture all our soul. Barrow.", @@ -78971,13 +69948,11 @@ "tiniest": null, "tininess": null, "tinker": "1. A mender of brass kettles, pans, and other metal ware. \"Tailors and tinkers.\" Piers Plowman. 2. One skilled in a variety of small mechanical work. 3. (Ordnance) A small mortar on the end of a staff. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) A young mackerel about two years old. (b) The chub mackerel. (c) The silversides. (d) A skate. [Prov. Eng.] 5. (Zoöl.) The razor-billed auk.\n\nTo mend or solder, as metal wares; hence, more generally, to mend.\n\nTo busy one's self in mending old kettles, pans, etc.; to play the tinker; to be occupied with small mechanical works.", - "tinkerbell": null, "tinkered": null, "tinkerer": null, "tinkerers": null, "tinkering": "The act or work of a tinker.", "tinkers": "1. A mender of brass kettles, pans, and other metal ware. \"Tailors and tinkers.\" Piers Plowman. 2. One skilled in a variety of small mechanical work. 3. (Ordnance) A small mortar on the end of a staff. 4. (Zoöl.) (a) A young mackerel about two years old. (b) The chub mackerel. (c) The silversides. (d) A skate. [Prov. Eng.] 5. (Zoöl.) The razor-billed auk.\n\nTo mend or solder, as metal wares; hence, more generally, to mend.\n\nTo busy one's self in mending old kettles, pans, etc.; to play the tinker; to be occupied with small mechanical works.", - "tinkertoy": null, "tinkle": "The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To make, or give forth, small, quick, sharp sounds, as a piece of metal does when struck; to clink. As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Cor. xiii. 1. The sprightly horse Moves to the music of his tinkling bells. Dodsley. 2. To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound. And his ears tinkled, and the color fled. Dryden.\n\nTo cause to clonk, or make small, sharp, quick sounds.\n\nA small, sharp, quick sound, as that made by striking metal. Cowper.", "tinkled": null, "tinkles": "The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. To make, or give forth, small, quick, sharp sounds, as a piece of metal does when struck; to clink. As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Cor. xiii. 1. The sprightly horse Moves to the music of his tinkling bells. Dodsley. 2. To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound. And his ears tinkled, and the color fled. Dryden.\n\nTo cause to clonk, or make small, sharp, quick sounds.\n\nA small, sharp, quick sound, as that made by striking metal. Cowper.", @@ -78996,7 +69971,6 @@ "tinseled": null, "tinseling": null, "tinsels": "1. A shining material used for ornamental purposes; especially, a very thin, gauzelike cloth with much gold or silver woven into it; also, very thin metal overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver, brass foil, or the like. Who can discern the tinsel from the gold Dryden. 2. Something shining and gaudy; something superficially shining and showy, or having a false luster, and more gay than valuable. O happy peasant! O unhappy bard! His the mere tinsel, hers the rich reward. Cowper.\n\nShowy to excess; gaudy; specious; superficial. \"Tinsel trappings.\" Milton.\n\nTo adorn with tinsel; to deck out with cheap but showy ornaments; to make gaudy. She, tinseled o'er in robes of varying hues. Pope.", - "tinseltown": null, "tinsmith": "One who works in tin; a tinner.", "tinsmiths": "One who works in tin; a tinner.", "tint": "A slight coloring. Specifically: -- (a) A pale or faint tinge of any color. Or blend in beauteous tints the colored mass. Pope. Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline. Harte. (b) A color considered with reference to other very similar colors; as, red and blue are different colors, but two shades of scarlet are different tints. (c) (Engraving) A shaded effect produced by the juxtaposition of many fine parallel lines. Tint tool (Eng.), a species of graver used for cutting the parallel lines which produce tints in engraving.\n\nTo give a slight coloring to; to tinge.", @@ -79004,17 +69978,14 @@ "tinting": null, "tintinnabulation": "A tinkling sound, as of a bell or bells. Poe.", "tintinnabulations": "A tinkling sound, as of a bell or bells. Poe.", - "tintoretto": null, "tints": "A slight coloring. Specifically: -- (a) A pale or faint tinge of any color. Or blend in beauteous tints the colored mass. Pope. Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline. Harte. (b) A color considered with reference to other very similar colors; as, red and blue are different colors, but two shades of scarlet are different tints. (c) (Engraving) A shaded effect produced by the juxtaposition of many fine parallel lines. Tint tool (Eng.), a species of graver used for cutting the parallel lines which produce tints in engraving.\n\nTo give a slight coloring to; to tinge.", "tintype": "Same as Ferrotype.", "tintypes": "Same as Ferrotype.", "tinware": "Articles made of tinned iron.", "tiny": "Very small; little; puny. When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak.", "tip": "1. The point or extremity of anything; a pointed or somewhat sharply rounded end; the end; as, the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear. To the very tip of the nose. Shak. 2. An end piece or part; a piece, as a cap, nozzle, ferrule, or point, applied to the extreme end of anything; as, a tip for an umbrella, a shoe, a gas burner, etc. 3. (Hat Manuf.) A piece of stiffened lining pasted on the inside of a hat crown. 4. A thin, boarded brush made of camel's hair, used by gilders in lifting gold leaf. 5. Rubbish thrown from a quarry.\n\nTo form a point upon; to cover the tip, top, or end of; as, to tip anything with gold or silver. With truncheon tipped with iron head. Hudibras. Tipped with jet, Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press. Thomson.\n\n1. To strike slightly; to tap. A third rogue tips me by the elbow. Swift. 2. To bestow a gift, or douceur, upon; to give a present to; as, to tip a servant. [Colloq.] Thackeray. 3. To lower one end of, or to throw upon the end; to tilt; as, to tip a cask; to tip a cart. To tip off, to pour out, as liquor. -- To tip over, to overturn. -- To tip the wink, to direct a wink; to give a hint or suggestion by, or as by, a wink. [Slang] Pope. -- To tip up, to turn partly over by raising one end.\n\nTo fall on, or incline to, one side. Bunyan. To tip off, to fall off by tipping.\n\n1. A light touch or blow; a tap. 2. A gift; a douceur; a fee. [Colloq.] 3. A hint, or secret intimation, as to the chances in a horse race, or the like. [Sporting Cant]", - "tippecanoe": null, "tipped": null, "tipper": "A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well; -- so called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper. [Eng.]", - "tipperary": null, "tippers": "A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well; -- so called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper. [Eng.]", "tippet": "1. A cape, or scarflike garment for covering the neck, or the neck and shoulders, -- usually made of fur, cloth, or other warm material. Chaucer. Bacon. 2. A length of twisted hair or gut in a fish line. [Scot.] 3. A handful of straw bound together at one end, and used for thatching. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tippet grebe (Zoöl.), the great crested grebe, or one of several similar species. -- Tippet grouse (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. -- To turn tippet, to change. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", "tippets": "1. A cape, or scarflike garment for covering the neck, or the neck and shoulders, -- usually made of fur, cloth, or other warm material. Chaucer. Bacon. 2. A length of twisted hair or gut in a fish line. [Scot.] 3. A handful of straw bound together at one end, and used for thatching. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tippet grebe (Zoöl.), the great crested grebe, or one of several similar species. -- Tippet grouse (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. -- To turn tippet, to change. [Obs.] B. Jonson.", @@ -79047,7 +70018,6 @@ "tirades": "A declamatory strain or flight of censure or abuse; a rambling invective; an oration or harangue abounding in censorious and bitter language. Here he delivers a violent tirade against persons who profess to know anything about angels. Quarterly Review.", "tiramisu": null, "tiramisus": null, - "tirane": null, "tire": "A tier, row, or rank. See Tier. [Obs.] In posture to displode their second tire Of thunder. Milton.\n\n1. Attire; apparel. [Archaic] \"Having rich tire about you.\" Shak. 2. A covering for the head; a headdress. On her head she wore a tire of gold. Spenser. 3. A child's apron, covering the breast and having no sleeves; a pinafore; a tier. 4. Furniture; apparatus; equipment. [Obs.] \"The tire of war.\" Philips. 5. Etym: [Probably the same word, and so called as being an attire or covering for the wheel.] A hoop or band, as of metal, on the circumference of the wheel of a vehicle, to impart strength and receive the wear. Note: The iron tire of a wagon wheel or cart wheel binds the fellies together. The tire of a locomotive or railroad-car wheel is a heavy hoop of iron or steel shrunk tightly upon an iron central part. The wheel of a bicycle has a tire of India rubber.\n\nTo adorn; to attire; to dress. [Obs.] [Jezebel] painted her face, and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.\n\n1. To seize, pull, and tear prey, as a hawk does. [Obs.] Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast, Tires with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone. Shak. Ye dregs of baseness, vultures among men, That tire upon the hearts of generous spirits. B. Jonson. 2. To seize, rend, or tear something as prey; to be fixed upon, or engaged with, anything. [Obs.] Thus made she her remove, And left wrath tiring on her son. Chapman. Upon that were my thoughts tiring. Shak.\n\nTo become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted; as, a feeble person soon tires.\n\nTo exhaust the strength of, as by toil or labor; to exhaust the patience of; to wear out (one's interest, attention, or the like); to weary; to fatigue; to jade. Shak. Tired with toil, all hopes of safety past. Dryden. To tire out, to weary or fatigue to exhaustion; to harass. Syn. -- To jade; weary; exhaust; harass. See Jade.", "tired": "Weary; fatigued; exhausted.", "tireder": null, @@ -79058,20 +70028,14 @@ "tirelessly": null, "tirelessness": null, "tires": "A tier, row, or rank. See Tier. [Obs.] In posture to displode their second tire Of thunder. Milton.\n\n1. Attire; apparel. [Archaic] \"Having rich tire about you.\" Shak. 2. A covering for the head; a headdress. On her head she wore a tire of gold. Spenser. 3. A child's apron, covering the breast and having no sleeves; a pinafore; a tier. 4. Furniture; apparatus; equipment. [Obs.] \"The tire of war.\" Philips. 5. Etym: [Probably the same word, and so called as being an attire or covering for the wheel.] A hoop or band, as of metal, on the circumference of the wheel of a vehicle, to impart strength and receive the wear. Note: The iron tire of a wagon wheel or cart wheel binds the fellies together. The tire of a locomotive or railroad-car wheel is a heavy hoop of iron or steel shrunk tightly upon an iron central part. The wheel of a bicycle has a tire of India rubber.\n\nTo adorn; to attire; to dress. [Obs.] [Jezebel] painted her face, and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.\n\n1. To seize, pull, and tear prey, as a hawk does. [Obs.] Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast, Tires with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone. Shak. Ye dregs of baseness, vultures among men, That tire upon the hearts of generous spirits. B. Jonson. 2. To seize, rend, or tear something as prey; to be fixed upon, or engaged with, anything. [Obs.] Thus made she her remove, And left wrath tiring on her son. Chapman. Upon that were my thoughts tiring. Shak.\n\nTo become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted; as, a feeble person soon tires.\n\nTo exhaust the strength of, as by toil or labor; to exhaust the patience of; to wear out (one's interest, attention, or the like); to weary; to fatigue; to jade. Shak. Tired with toil, all hopes of safety past. Dryden. To tire out, to weary or fatigue to exhaustion; to harass. Syn. -- To jade; weary; exhaust; harass. See Jade.", - "tiresias": null, "tiresome": "Fitted or tending to tire; exhausted; wearisome; fatiguing; tedious; as, a tiresome journey; a tiresome discourse. -- Tire\"some*ly, adv. -- Tire\"some*ness, n.", "tiresomely": null, "tiresomeness": null, "tiring": null, - "tirol": null, - "tirolean": null, - "tisha": null, - "tishri": null, "tissue": "1. A woven fabric. 2. A fine transparent silk stuff, used for veils, etc.; specifically, cloth interwoven with gold or silver threads, or embossed with figures. A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire. Dryden. In their glittering tissues bear emblazed Holy memorials. Milton. 3. (Biol.) One of the elementary materials or fibres, having a uniform structure and a specialized function, of which ordinary animals and plants are composed; a texture; as, epithelial tissue; connective tissue. Note: The term tissue is also often applied in a wider sense to all the materials or elementary tissues, differing in structure and function, which go to make up an organ; as, vascular tissue, tegumentary tissue, etc. 4. Fig.: Web; texture; complicated fabrication; connected series; as, a tissue of forgeries, or of falsehood. Unwilling to leave the dry bones of Agnosticism wholly unclothed with any living tissue of religious emotion. A. J. Balfour. Tissue paper, very thin, gauzelike paper, used for protecting engravings in books, for wrapping up delicate articles, etc.\n\nTo form tissue of; to interweave. Covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue. Bacon.", "tissues": "1. A woven fabric. 2. A fine transparent silk stuff, used for veils, etc.; specifically, cloth interwoven with gold or silver threads, or embossed with figures. A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire. Dryden. In their glittering tissues bear emblazed Holy memorials. Milton. 3. (Biol.) One of the elementary materials or fibres, having a uniform structure and a specialized function, of which ordinary animals and plants are composed; a texture; as, epithelial tissue; connective tissue. Note: The term tissue is also often applied in a wider sense to all the materials or elementary tissues, differing in structure and function, which go to make up an organ; as, vascular tissue, tegumentary tissue, etc. 4. Fig.: Web; texture; complicated fabrication; connected series; as, a tissue of forgeries, or of falsehood. Unwilling to leave the dry bones of Agnosticism wholly unclothed with any living tissue of religious emotion. A. J. Balfour. Tissue paper, very thin, gauzelike paper, used for protecting engravings in books, for wrapping up delicate articles, etc.\n\nTo form tissue of; to interweave. Covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue. Bacon.", "tit": "1. A small horse. Tusser. 2. A woman; -- used in contempt. Burton. 3. A morsel; a bit. Halliwell. 4. Etym: [OE.; cf. Icel. titter a tit or small bird. The word probably meant originally, something small, and is perhaps the same as teat. Cf. Titmouse, Tittle.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to the families Paridæ and Leiotrichidæ; a titmouse. (b) The European meadow pipit; a titlark. Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Wren tit, under Wren. -- Hill tit (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to Siva, Milna, and allied genera. -- Tit babbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small East Indian and Asiatic timaline birds of the genus Trichastoma. -- Tit for tat. Etym: [Probably for tip for tap. See Tip a slight blow.] An equivalent; retaliation. -- Tit thrush (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic and Esat Indian birds belonging to Suthora and allied genera. In some respects they are intermediate between the thrushes and titmice.", "titan": "Titanic. The Titan physical difficulties of his enterprise. I. Taylor.", - "titania": null, "titanic": "Of or relating to Titans, or fabled giants of ancient mythology; hence, enormous in size or strength; as, Titanic structures.\n\nOf or pertaining to titanium; derived from, or containing, titanium; specifically, designating those compounds of titanium in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with the titanous compounds. Titanic acid (Chem.), a white amorphous powder, Ti.(OH)4, obtained by decomposing certain titanates; -- called also normal titanic acid. By extension, any one of a series of derived acids, called also metatitanic acid, polytitanic acid, etc. -- Titanic iron ore. (Min.) See Menaccanite.", "titanium": "An elementary substance found combined in the minerals manaccanite, rutile, sphene, etc., and isolated as an infusible iron- gray amorphous powder, having a metallic luster. It burns when heated in the air. Symbol Ti. Atomic weight 48.1.", "titans": "Titanic. The Titan physical difficulties of his enterprise. I. Taylor.", @@ -79085,7 +70049,6 @@ "tithes": "1. A tenth; the tenth part of anything; specifically, the tenthpart of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses. Almost all the tithes of England and Wales are commuted by law into rent charges. The tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil. Neh. xiii. 5. Note: Tithes are called personal when accuring from labor, art, trade, and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay, wood, and fruit; and mixed, when accuring from beaste fed from the ground. Blackstone. 2. Hence, a small part or proportion. Bacon. Great tithes, tithes of corn, hay, and wood. -- Mixed tithes, tithes of wool, milk, pigs, etc. -- Small tithes, personal and mixed tithes. -- Tithe commissioner, one of a board of officers appointed by the government for arranging propositions for commuting, or compounding for, tithes. [Eng.] Simmonds.\n\nTenth. [Obs.] Every tithe soul, 'mongst many thousand. Shak.\n\nTo levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth; to pay tithes on. Ye tithe mint and rue. Luke xi. 42.\n\nTp pay tithes. [R.] Tusser.", "tithing": "1. The act of levying or taking tithes; that which is taken as tithe; a tithe. To take tithing of their blood and sweat. Motley. 2. (O. Eng. Law) A number or company of ten householders who, dwelling near each other, were sureties or frankpledges to the king for the good behavior of each other; a decennary. Blackstone.", "titian": null, - "titicaca": null, "titillate": "To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather. The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.", "titillated": null, "titillates": "To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather. The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.", @@ -79107,7 +70070,6 @@ "titlists": null, "titmice": null, "titmouse": "Any one of numerous species of small insectivorous singing birds belonging to Parus and allied genera; -- called also tit, and tomtit. Note: The blue titmouse (Parus coeruleus), the marsh titmouse (P. palustris), the crested titmouse (P. cristatus), the great titmouse (P. major), and the long tailed titmouse (Ægithalos caudatus), are the best-known European species. See Chickadee.", - "tito": null, "tits": "1. A small horse. Tusser. 2. A woman; -- used in contempt. Burton. 3. A morsel; a bit. Halliwell. 4. Etym: [OE.; cf. Icel. titter a tit or small bird. The word probably meant originally, something small, and is perhaps the same as teat. Cf. Titmouse, Tittle.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to the families Paridæ and Leiotrichidæ; a titmouse. (b) The European meadow pipit; a titlark. Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Wren tit, under Wren. -- Hill tit (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to Siva, Milna, and allied genera. -- Tit babbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small East Indian and Asiatic timaline birds of the genus Trichastoma. -- Tit for tat. Etym: [Probably for tip for tap. See Tip a slight blow.] An equivalent; retaliation. -- Tit thrush (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic and Esat Indian birds belonging to Suthora and allied genera. In some respects they are intermediate between the thrushes and titmice.", "titter": "To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle. A group of tittering pages ran before. Longfellow.\n\nA restrained laugh. \"There was a titter of . . . delight on his countenance.\" Coleridge.\n\nTo seesaw. See Teeter.", "tittered": null, @@ -79118,20 +70080,11 @@ "tittles": "A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota. It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail. Luke xvi. 17. Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified. South.", "titty": "A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar]", "titular": "Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a titular prince. If these magnificent titles yet remain Not merely titular. Milton. Titular bishop. See under Bishop.\n\nA titulary. [R.]", - "titus": null, - "titusville": null, "tizz": null, "tizzies": null, "tizzy": null, - "tko": null, - "tl": null, - "tlaloc": null, - "tlc": null, - "tlingit": null, - "tm": null, "tn": null, "tnpk": null, - "tnt": null, "to": "1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to Ant: from. \"To Canterbury they wend.\" Chaucer. Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak. So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled. Milton. I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. Dryden. 2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor. Note: Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. \"When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest.\" Chaucer. 3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor. Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson. Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. Shak. Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7. I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak. Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon. Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden. Go, buckle to the law. Dryden. 4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see (Matt. xi. 8). Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken strange stranders. Chaucer. Note: Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to. 5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred. We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak. Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev. (b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand. Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind. He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden. (e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him. All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson. (f) Addition; union; accumulation. Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham. (g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano. Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders. Milton. (h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] \"I have a king here to my flatterer.\" Shak. Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder. Walton. Note: To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak. To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial. There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer. -- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to- and-fro. Tennyson. -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i. Note: To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. \"To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!\" Shak.", "toad": "Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonidæ. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid. Note: The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zoöl.) See under Obstetrical. -- Surinam toad. (Zoöl.) See Pita. -- Toad lizard (Zoöl.), a horned toad. -- Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. -- Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius). -- Toad snatcher (Zoöl.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Toad spittle. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Tree toad. (Zoöl.) See under Tree.", "toadied": null, @@ -79160,25 +70113,18 @@ "tobacconist": "1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco. 2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.", "tobacconists": "1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco. 2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.", "tobaccos": "1. (Bot.) An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste. Note: The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco (Nicotiana Persica). 2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways. Tobacco box (Zoöl.), the common American skate. -- Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. -- Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] -- Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. -- Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; -- called also cimolite. -- Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zoöl.) See Pipemouth. -- Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. -- Tobacco worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.", - "tobago": null, - "tobit": "A book of the Apocrypha.", "toboggan": "A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]\n\nTo slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett.", "tobogganed": null, "tobogganer": "One who practices tobogganing.", "tobogganers": "One who practices tobogganing.", "tobogganing": null, "toboggans": "A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]\n\nTo slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett.", - "toby": "A small jug, pitcher, or mug, generally used for ale, shaped somewhat like a stout man, with a cocked hat forming the brim.", - "tocantins": null, "toccata": "An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.", "toccatas": "An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.", "tocopherol": null, - "tocqueville": null, "tocsin": "An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm. The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell.", "tocsins": "An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm. The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell.", - "tod": "1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] \"An ivy todde.\" Spenser. The ivy tod is heavy with snow. Coleridge. 2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight pounds. 3. A fox; -- probably so named from its bushy tail. The wolf, the tod, the brock. B. Jonson. Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs, etc. [U.S.] Knight.\n\nTo weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.]", "today": null, - "todd": null, "toddies": null, "toddle": "To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.\n\nA toddling walk. Trollope.", "toddled": null, @@ -79191,7 +70137,6 @@ "toecap": null, "toecaps": null, "toed": "1. Having (such or so many) toes; -- chiefly used in composition; as, narrow-toed, four-toed. 2. (Carp.) Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing.", - "toefl": null, "toehold": null, "toeholds": null, "toeing": null, @@ -79217,8 +70162,6 @@ "toggled": null, "toggles": "1. (Naut.) A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes. 2. (Mach.) Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. -- Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position.", "toggling": null, - "togo": null, - "togolese": null, "togs": "Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]", "toil": "A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; -- usually in the plural. As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds him. Denham. Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden.\n\nTo exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.\n\n1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] \"Toiled with works of war.\" Shak. 2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.] Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland. [I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton.\n\nLabor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body. My task of servile toil. Milton. After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak. Note: Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn, and the like. Syn. -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity. You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern. How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play. Goldsmith.", "toiled": null, @@ -79234,8 +70177,6 @@ "toiling": null, "toils": "A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; -- usually in the plural. As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds him. Denham. Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden.\n\nTo exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.\n\n1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] \"Toiled with works of war.\" Shak. 2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.] Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland. [I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton.\n\nLabor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body. My task of servile toil. Milton. After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak. Note: Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn, and the like. Syn. -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity. You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern. How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play. Goldsmith.", "toilsome": "Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome; as, toilsome work. What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks Milton. -- Toil\"some*ly, adv. -- Toil\"some*ness, n.", - "tojo": null, - "tokay": "1. (Bot.) A grape of an oval shape and whitish color. 2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes.", "toke": null, "toked": null, "token": "1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah. 2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir. This is some token from a never friend. Shak. 3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc. Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak. 4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value. Note: It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens. 5. (Med.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.] Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their ends. Beau. & Fl. 6. (Print.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides. 7. (Ch. of Scot.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper. 8. (Mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. -- Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.\n\nTo betoken. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -79243,13 +70184,8 @@ "tokens": "1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah. 2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir. This is some token from a never friend. Shak. 3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc. Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak. 4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value. Note: It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens. 5. (Med.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.] Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their ends. Beau. & Fl. 6. (Print.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides. 7. (Ch. of Scot.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper. 8. (Mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. -- Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.\n\nTo betoken. [Obs.] Shak.", "tokes": null, "toking": null, - "tokugawa": null, - "tokyo": null, - "tokyoite": null, "told": "imp. & p. p. of Tell.", "tole": "To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.] Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty.", - "toledo": "A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.", - "toledos": "A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.", "tolerable": "1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. As may affect tionearth with cold and heat Scarce tolerable. Milton. 2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden. -- Tol\"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Tol\"er*a*bly, adv.", "tolerably": null, "tolerance": "1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance. Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place,shaking, to show his tolerance. Bacon. 2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration. 3. (Med.) The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal. Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy.", @@ -79261,7 +70197,6 @@ "tolerates": "To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices. Crying should not be tolerated in children. Locke. We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration. Burke. Syn. -- See Permit.", "tolerating": null, "toleration": "1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved. 2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the established church or belief. 3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious matters.", - "tolkien": null, "toll": "To take away; to vacate; to annul.\n\n1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole. 2. Etym: [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.] To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. \"The sexton tolled the bell.\" Hood. 3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak. Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie. 4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing. When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells. Dryden.\n\nTo sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person. The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak. Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope.\n\nThe sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.\n\n1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like. 2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill. Syn. -- Tax; custom; duty; impost.\n\n1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak. 2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.] Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer. No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak.\n\nTo collect, as a toll. Shak.", "tollbooth": "1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.] He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14). 2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo imprison in a tollbooth. [R.] That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet.", "tollbooths": "1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.] He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14). 2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo imprison in a tollbooth. [R.] That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet.", @@ -79272,20 +70207,15 @@ "tolls": "To take away; to vacate; to annul.\n\n1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole. 2. Etym: [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.] To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. \"The sexton tolled the bell.\" Hood. 3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak. Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie. 4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing. When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells. Dryden.\n\nTo sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person. The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak. Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope.\n\nThe sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.\n\n1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like. 2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill. Syn. -- Tax; custom; duty; impost.\n\n1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak. 2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.] Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer. No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak.\n\nTo collect, as a toll. Shak.", "tollway": null, "tollways": null, - "tolstoy": null, - "toltec": "One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. -- Tol\"te*can, a.", "toluene": "A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.", - "tolyatti": null, "tom": "The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]", "tomahawk": "A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.\n\nTo cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.", "tomahawked": null, "tomahawking": null, "tomahawks": "A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.\n\nTo cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.", - "tomas": null, "tomato": "The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). -- Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. -- Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm.", "tomatoes": null, "tomb": "1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher. As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak. 2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. \"In tomb of marble stones.\" Chaucer. 3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead. Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak. Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T. perforatus).\n\nTo place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb. I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman.", - "tombaugh": null, "tombed": null, "tombing": null, "tombola": null, @@ -79302,16 +70232,11 @@ "tomes": "As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume. Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper. A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay.", "tomfooleries": null, "tomfoolery": "Folly; trifling.", - "tomlin": null, - "tommie": null, - "tommy": "1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.] 2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.] Note: Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc.", "tomographic": null, "tomography": null, "tomorrow": "On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow. Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.\n\nThe day after the present; the morrow.\"To-morrow is our wedding day.\" Cowper. One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.", "tomorrows": "On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow. Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.\n\nThe day after the present; the morrow.\"To-morrow is our wedding day.\" Cowper. One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.", - "tompkins": null, "toms": "The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]", - "tomsk": null, "tomtit": "(a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]", "tomtits": "(a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]", "ton": "pl. of Toe. Chaucer.\n\nThe common tunny, or house mackerel.\n\nThe prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron. If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray. Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.\n\nA measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: -- (a) The weight of twenty hundredweight. Note: In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton. (b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage. (c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc. Note: Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun.", @@ -79329,9 +70254,6 @@ "toners": null, "tones": "1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone. [Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton. Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble. 2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion. Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden. 3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone. 4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones. Note: The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal. Note: Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones. 5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor. Note: In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone. 6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as, arterial tone. 7. State of mind; temper; mood. The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke. Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant. 8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory. 9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners. 10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone. Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.\n\n1. To utter with an affected tone. 2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t. 3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment. To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius. Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley. (c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften. The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey. -- To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.", "tong": "Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "tonga": "A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.", - "tongan": null, - "tongans": null, "tonged": null, "tonging": null, "tongs": "An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs.", @@ -79340,8 +70262,6 @@ "tongueless": "1. Having no tongue. 2. Hence, speechless; mute. \"What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak\" Shak. 3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.] One good deed dying tongueless. Shak.", "tongues": "1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch. Note: The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer. 2. The power of articulate utterance; speech. Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden. 3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression. Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange. 4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.] She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl. 5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer. Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49. To speak all tongues. Milton. 6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions. My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18. 7. A people having a distinct language. A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18. 8. (Zoöl.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect. 9. (Zoöl.) Any small sole. 10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: -- (a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance. (b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove. (c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake. (d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked. (e) The clapper of a bell. (f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces. (g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5. To hold the tongue, to be silent. -- Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. -- Tongue grafting. See under Grafting. Syn. -- Language; speech; expression. See Language.\n\n1. To speak; to utter. \"Such stuff as madmen tongue.\" Shak. 2. To chide; to scold. How might she tongue me. Shak . 3. (Mus.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments. 4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together.\n\n1. To talk; to prate. Dryden. 2. (Mus.) To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.", "tonguing": null, - "toni": null, - "tonia": null, "tonic": "1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) \" from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation.\" 2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power. 3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions. Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.\n\n1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong. 2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale. 3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called \"tonic.\" Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa.", "tonics": "1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) \" from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation.\" 2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power. 3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions. Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.\n\n1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong. 2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale. 3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called \"tonic.\" Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa.", "tonier": null, @@ -79363,9 +70283,7 @@ "tonsured": "Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald. A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson.", "tonsures": "1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn. 2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank.", "tonsuring": null, - "tonto": null, "tony": "A simpleton. L'Estrange. A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit. Dryden.", - "tonya": null, "too": "1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much. His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley. 2. Likewise; also; in addition. An honest courtier, yet a patriot too. Pope. Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too. Pope. Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess. O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak. Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden. Syn. -- Also; likewise. See Also.", "took": "imp. of Take.", "tool": "1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work. 2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine tool. 3. Hence, any instrument of use or service. That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser. 4. A weapon. [Obs.] Him that is aghast of every tool. Chaucer. 5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes. I was not made for a minion or a tool. Burks.\n\n1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. \"Elaborately tooled.\" Ld. Lytton. 2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.]", @@ -79416,7 +70334,6 @@ "topdressings": null, "topee": null, "topees": null, - "topeka": null, "topflight": null, "topi": "An antelope (Damaliscus corrigum jimela) having a glossy purplish brown coat. It is related to the blesbok and is native of British East Africa. Also, any of various related varieties of other districts south of the Sahara.", "topiary": "Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting, trimming, etc.; topiarian. Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges, or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals, building, etc.", @@ -79458,12 +70375,9 @@ "topsides": null, "topsoil": "The upper layer of soil; surface soil.", "topspin": null, - "topsy": null, "toque": "1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet. His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head. Motley. 2. (Zoöl.) A variety of the bonnet monkey.", "toques": "1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet. His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head. Motley. 2. (Zoöl.) A variety of the bonnet monkey.", "tor": "1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray. 2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.] A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree. C. Kingsley.", - "torah": "(a) A law; a precept. A considerable body of priestly Toroth. S. R. Driver. (b) Divine instruction; revelation. Tora, . . . before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the revelations of God's will made through the prophets. T. K. Cheyne. (c) The Pentateuch or \"Law of Moses.\" The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The Torah, \"Law,\" or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the \"Writings,\" generally termed Hagiographa. C. H. H. Wright.", - "torahs": "(a) A law; a precept. A considerable body of priestly Toroth. S. R. Driver. (b) Divine instruction; revelation. Tora, . . . before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the revelations of God's will made through the prophets. T. K. Cheyne. (c) The Pentateuch or \"Law of Moses.\" The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The Torah, \"Law,\" or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the \"Writings,\" generally termed Hagiographa. C. H. H. Wright.", "torch": "A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame. They light the nuptial torch. Milton. Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.", "torchbearer": "One whose office it is to carry a torch.", "torchbearers": "One whose office it is to carry a torch.", @@ -79474,7 +70388,6 @@ "tore": "imp. of Tear.\n\nThe dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.\n\n1. (Arch.) Same as Torus. 2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; -- sometimes called an anchor ring.", "toreador": "A bullfighter.", "toreadors": "A bullfighter.", - "tories": null, "torment": "1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. 2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer. The more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within me. Milton. 3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery. They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matt. iv. 24.\n\n1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. \" Art thou come hither to torment us before our time \" Matt. viii. 29. 2. To pain; to distress; to afflict. Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matt. viii. 6. 3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.] 4. To put into great agitation. [R.] \"[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air.\" Milton.", "tormented": null, "tormenting": "Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream. -- Tor*ment\"ing*ly, adv.", @@ -79485,7 +70398,6 @@ "torn": "p. p. of Tear.", "tornado": "A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone.", "tornadoes": null, - "toronto": null, "torpedo": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical. Note: The common European torpedo (T. vulgaris) and the American species (T. occidentalis) are the best known. 2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: -- (a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore. (b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship. 3. (Mil.) A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it. 4. (Railroad) A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, -- used as an alarm signal. 5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil. 6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object. Fish torpedo, a spindle- shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. -- Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. -- Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship. -- Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.\n\nto destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator.", "torpedoed": null, "torpedoes": null, @@ -79496,16 +70408,11 @@ "torpor": "1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness. 2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties.", "torque": "1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons. 2. Etym: [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.) That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson. 3. (Phys. Science) A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis.", "torqued": "1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.] 2. (Her.) Twisted; bent; -- said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S.", - "torquemada": null, "torques": "A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.", "torquing": null, - "torrance": null, - "torrens": null, "torrent": "1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice. The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow. 2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence. At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.\n\nRolling or rushing in a rapid stream. \"Waves of torrent fire.\" Milton.", "torrential": "Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]", "torrents": "1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice. The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow. 2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence. At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.\n\nRolling or rushing in a rapid stream. \"Waves of torrent fire.\" Milton.", - "torres": null, - "torricelli": null, "torrid": "1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. \"Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil.\" Milton. 2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. \"Torrid heat.\" Milton. Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.", "torridity": "Torridness. [R.]", "torridly": null, @@ -79525,10 +70432,8 @@ "tortoises": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata. Note: The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) Same as Testudo, 2. Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. -- Painted tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. -- Soft-shell tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Trionyx. -- Spotted tortoise. (Zoöl.) A small American fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus, or Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. -- Tortoise beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larvæ feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. -- Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. -- Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. -- Tortoise-shell butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urticæ, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. -- Tortoise-shell turtle (Zoöl.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill. having a color like that aof a toroise's shell, black with white and orange spots; -- used mostly to describe cats of that color. n. a tortoise-shell cat.", "tortoiseshell": null, "tortoiseshells": null, - "tortola": null, "tortoni": null, "torts": "1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.] That had them long opprest with tort. Spenser. 2. (Law) Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury. Executor de son tort. See under Executor. -- Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.\n\nStretched tight; taut. [R.] Yet holds he them with tortestrein. Emerson.", - "tortuga": null, "tortuous": "1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla. The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick. Macaulay. 2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful. That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites. Macaulay. 3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.] 4. (Astrol.) Oblique; -- applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.] Skeat. Infortunate ascendent tortuous. Chaucer. --Tor\"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tor\"tu*ous*ness, n.", "tortuously": null, "tortuousness": null, @@ -79540,12 +70445,7 @@ "torturing": null, "torturous": "Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] \"The torturous crucifixion.\" I. Disraeli.", "torus": "1. (Arch.) A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicolæ. 3. (Bot.) The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand. 4. (Geom.) See 3d Tore, 2.", - "torvalds": null, - "tory": "1. (Eng.Politics) A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal and ecclesiastical authority. Note: The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession, and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc. 2. (Amer. Hist.) One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe crown.\n\nOf ro pertaining to the Tories.", - "tosca": null, - "toscanini": null, "tosh": "Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.", - "toshiba": null, "toss": ", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] Etym: [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ] 1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball. 2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head. He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay. Addison. 3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a storm. We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat. Act xxvii. 18. 4. To agitate; to make restless. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton. 5. Hence, to try; to harass. Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men. Herbert. 6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham. To toss off, to drink hastily. -- To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.\n\n1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling. To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain. Tillotson. 2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak. To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. -- To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.\n\n1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball. 2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift.", "tossed": null, "tosser": "Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.", @@ -79574,7 +70474,6 @@ "totems": "A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the Nord American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan. And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten, Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household; Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver. Longfellow. The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends tothe clan and watches over it. Bagehot.", "totes": "To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; -- a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.\n\nThe entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]", "toting": null, - "toto": null, "tots": "1. Anything small; -- frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child. 2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. 3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "totted": null, "totter": "1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as,an old man totters with age. \"As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence.\" Ps. lxii. 3. 2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver. Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden.", @@ -79625,7 +70524,6 @@ "toughly": "In a tough manner.", "toughness": "The quality or state of being tough.", "toughs": "1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. \"Tough roots and stubs. \" Milton. 2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper. A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire. Dryden. The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose. J. A. Symonds. 3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm. 4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow. So tough a frame she could not bend. Dryden. 5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] \" A tough debate. \" Fuller. To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "toulouse": null, "toupee": "1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair. 2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig. Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot.", "toupees": "1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair. 2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig. Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot.", "tour": "A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England. The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour. Milton. 2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore. 3. (Mil.) anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty. Syn. -- Journey; excursion. See Journey.\n\nTo make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.", @@ -79680,13 +70578,11 @@ "town": "1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave. 2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson. 3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities. God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper. 4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways. 5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U.S.] 6. The court end of London;-commonly with the. 7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country. Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison. Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope. Note: The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns. 8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] Note: Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house. Syn. -- Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] -- Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.", "townee": null, "townees": null, - "townes": null, "townhouse": "A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.", "townhouses": "A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.", "townie": null, "townies": null, "towns": "1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave. 2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson. 3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities. God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper. 4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways. 5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U.S.] 6. The court end of London;-commonly with the. 7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country. Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison. Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope. Note: The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns. 8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] Note: Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house. Syn. -- Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] -- Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.", - "townsend": null, "townsfolk": "The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople.", "township": "1. The district or territory of a town. Note: In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county. 2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections. 3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.", "townships": "1. The district or territory of a town. Note: In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county. 2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections. 3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.", @@ -79715,11 +70611,7 @@ "toyboys": null, "toyed": null, "toying": null, - "toynbee": null, - "toyoda": null, - "toyota": null, "toys": "1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper. 2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle. They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl. Abr. Abbot. 3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion. To fly about playing their wanton toys. Spenser. What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away. Beau. &Fl. Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell. Drayton. 4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton. To dally thus with death is no fit toy. Spenser. 5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak. 6. Etym: [Probably the same word.] A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; -- called also toy mutch. [Scot.] \"Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid.\" Sir W. Scott.\n\nTo dally amorously; to trifle; to play. To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest. Shak.\n\nTo treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576).", - "tqm": null, "tr": null, "trabecula": "A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in the framework of an organ part.", "trabecular": "Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabeculæ; composed of trabeculæ.", @@ -79733,14 +70625,11 @@ "tracers": "One who, or that which, traces.", "tracery": "Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: -- (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window. Note: Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under Fan. (b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.", "traces": "One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.\n\n1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton. 2. (Chem.&Min.) A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given substance, especially when so small that the amount is not quantitatively determined in an analysis;-hence, in stating an analysis, often contracted to tr. 3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige. The shady empire shall retain no trace Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase. Pope. 4. (Descriptive Geom.&Persp.) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane. 5. (Fort.) The ground plan of a work or works. Syn.-Vestige; mark; token. See Vestige.\n\n1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing. Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of the woods. Hawthorne. 2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens. Cowper. You may trace the deluge quite round the globe. T. Burnet. I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton. 3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of. How all the way the prince on footpace traced. Spenser. 4. To copy; to imitate. That servile path thou nobly dost decline, Of tracing word, and line by line. Denham. 5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse. We do tracethis alley up and down. Shak.\n\nTo walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.] Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace. Spenser.", - "tracey": null, "trachea": "1. (Anat.) The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids. 3. (Bot.) One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral, annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to form continuous ducts.", "tracheae": null, "tracheal": "Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea.", "tracheotomies": null, "tracheotomy": "The operation of making an opening into the windpipe.", - "traci": null, - "tracie": null, "tracing": "1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted. 2. A regular path or track; a course. Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath.", "tracings": "1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted. 2. A regular path or track; a course. Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath.", "track": "1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a wheel. The bright track of his fiery car. Shak. 2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast; trace; vestige; footprint. Far from track of men. Milton. 3. (Zoöl.) The entire lower surface of the foot;-said of birds, ect. 4. A road; a beaten path. Behold Torquatus the same track pursue. Dryden. 5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet. 6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, ect. 7. (Raolroad) The permanent way; the rails. 8. Etym: [Perhaps a mistake for tract.] A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] \"Small tracks of ground.\" Fuller. Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway.\n\nTo follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the snow. It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses. Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or animals on shore being the motive power; to tow.", @@ -79762,7 +70651,6 @@ "tractor": "1. That which draws, or is used for drawing. 2. pl. (Med.) Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism.", "tractors": "1. That which draws, or is used for drawing. 2. pl. (Med.) Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism.", "tracts": "A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent; a short treatise, especially on practical religion. The church clergy at that writ the best collection of tracts against popery that ever appeared. Swift. Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian.\n\n1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. \"The deep tract of hell.\" Milton. 2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an area; as, an unexplored tract of sea. A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrowtract of earth. Addison. 3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.] The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness. Bacon. 4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden. 5. Track; trace. [Obs.] Efface all tract of its traduction. Sir T. Browne. But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon, Leaving no tract behind. Shak. 6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak. 7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech. [Obs.] Older. 8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. \"Improved by tract of time.\" Milton. 9. (R. C. Ch.) Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter;-so called because sung tractim,or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as in the antiphons. Syn. -- Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation.\n\nTo trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.", - "tracy": null, "trad": "imp. of Tread. Chaucer.", "trade": "1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.] A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass through Priam's house. Surrey. Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. Spenser. Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head. Shak. 2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] \"The right trade of religion.\" Udall. There those five sisters had continual trade. Spenser. Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win her. Massinger. Thy sin's not accidental but a trade. Shak. 3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.] Have you any further trade with us Shak. 4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter. Note: Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water. 5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician. Accursed usury was all his trade. Spenser. The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade. Milton. I will instruct thee in my trade. Shak. 6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.] The house and household goods, his trade of war. Dryden. 7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade. 8. pl. The trade winds. 9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.] Syn. -- Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic. Board of trade. See under Board. -- Trade dollar. See under Dollar. -- Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. Trade sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. -- Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade. Note: The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather.\n\n1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business. A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and traded. Arbuthnot. 2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance. 3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; -- usually followed by with. How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth Shak.\n\nTo sell or exchange in commerce; to barter. They traded the persons of men. Ezek. xxvii. 13. To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches. Cooper.\n\nimp. of Tread.", "traded": "Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak.", @@ -79793,7 +70681,6 @@ "traducers": "1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall. 2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller.", "traduces": "1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill. 2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke. 3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.] From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and traduced over the earth. Sir M. Hale. 4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.] I can forget the weakness Of the traduced soldiers. Beau. & Fl. 5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an example of. [Obs.] Bacon. 6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to calumniate; to vilify; to defame. The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt. Hooker. He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel. Dryden. Syn. -- To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate; decry; slander.", "traducing": null, - "trafalgar": null, "traffic": "1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to trade. 2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.\n\nTo exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration.\n\n1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade. A merchant of great traffic through the world. Shak. The traffic in honors, places, and pardons. Macaulay. Note: This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that. 2. Commodities of the market. [R.] You 'll see a draggled damsel From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear. Gay. 3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight carried. Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for goods and passengers, as on a railway line. -- Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway, steamboat line, etc.", "trafficked": null, "trafficker": "One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant.", @@ -79820,7 +70707,6 @@ "trailers": "One who, or that which, trails. A part of an object which extends some distance beyond the main body of the object; as, the trailer of a plant. trailer park. An area equipped to accommodate trailers (2), often with outlets supplying electrical power and water. Called also trailer camp, trailer court.", "trailing": "a. & vb. n. from Trail. Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under Arbutus. -- Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale. -- Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage.", "trails": "1. To hunt by the track; to track. Halliwell. 2. To draw or drag, as along the ground. And hung his head, and trailed his legs along. Dryden. They shall not trail me through their streets Like a wild beast. Milton. Long behind he trails his pompous robe. Pope. 3. (Mil.) To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle. 4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat. Longfellow. 5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov. Eng.] I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance. C. Bronte.\n\n1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after. When his brother saw the red blood trail. Spenser. 2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon the ground, as a plant; to run or climb.\n\n1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail. They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail. Cooper. How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Shak. 2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as, an Indian trail over the plains. 3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke. When lightning shoots in glittering trails along. Rowe. 4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. \"A radiant trail of hair.\" Pope. 5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.] 6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.] 7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and the like; -- applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep. The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail in, is a delicious dish. Baird. 8. (Mil.) That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage, under Gun. 9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an imposition. [Prov. Eng.] Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead. -- Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright.", - "trailways": null, "train": "1. To draw along; to trail; to drag. In hollow cube Training his devilish enginery. Milton. 2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.] If but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To train ten thousand English to their side. Shak. O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note. Shak. This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your ruin. Ford. 3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms. Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength of a free nation. Milton. The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train. Dryden. 4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen. 5. (Hort.) To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young trees. He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left. Jeffrey. 6. (Mining) To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head. To train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten. -- To train, or To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up. Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Prov. xxii. 6. The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory. Tillotson.\n\n1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military company. 2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race.\n\n1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or enticement; allurement. [Obs.] \"Now to my charms, and to my wily trains.\" Milton. 2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for an animal; a snare. Halliwell. With cunning trains him to entrap un wares. Spenser. 3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something; that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : -- (a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer. (b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail. (c) The tail of a bird. \"The train steers their flights, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of ship.\" Ray. 4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite. The king's daughter with a lovely train. Addison. My train are men of choice and rarest parts. Shak. 5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. \"A train of happy sentiments.\" I. Watts. The train of ills our love would draw behind it. Addison. Rivers now Stream and perpetual draw their humid train. Milton. Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order. Locke. 6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement. If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in our nature. Swift. 7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time. 8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the like. 9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad. 10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like. 11. (Rolling Mill) A roll train; as, a 12-inch train. Roll train, or Train of rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations. -- Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for a given expenditure; -- called also mile run. -- Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.). -- Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and driver to that which follows it. -- Train road, a slight railway for small cars, -- used for construction, or in mining. -- Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out. Syn. -- Cars. -- Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the cars.", "trainable": "Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to virtue. Richardson.", "trained": null, @@ -79847,7 +70733,6 @@ "traitorously": null, "traitors": "1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense, or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason. O passing traitor, perjured and unjust! Shak. 2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. \"This false traitor death.\" Chaucer.\n\nTraitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope.\n\nTo act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] \" But time, it traitors me.\" Lithgow.", "traits": "1. A stroke; a touch. By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey. Broome. 2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of character. Note: Formerly pronounced tra, as in French, and still so pronounced to some extent in England.", - "trajan": null, "trajectories": null, "trajectory": "The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air.", "tram": "1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore. 2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey. 3. One of the rails of a tramway. 4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.] Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone.\n\nA silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods.", @@ -79879,7 +70764,6 @@ "trams": "1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore. 2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey. 3. One of the rails of a tramway. 4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.] Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone.\n\nA silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods.", "tramway": "1. Same as Tramroad. 2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.", "tramways": "1. Same as Tramroad. 2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.", - "tran": null, "trance": "1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy. And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance. Acts. x. 10. My soul was ravished quite as in a trance. Spenser. 3. (Med.) A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible. He fell down in a trance. Chaucer.\n\n1. To entrance. And three I left him tranced. Shak. 2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic] Trance the world over. Beau. & Fl. When thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson.\n\nTo pass; to travel. [Obs.]", "trances": "1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy. And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance. Acts. x. 10. My soul was ravished quite as in a trance. Spenser. 3. (Med.) A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible. He fell down in a trance. Chaucer.\n\n1. To entrance. And three I left him tranced. Shak. 2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic] Trance the world over. Beau. & Fl. When thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson.\n\nTo pass; to travel. [Obs.]", "tranche": null, @@ -79906,7 +70790,6 @@ "transactors": "One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham.", "transacts": "To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business; to transact business by an agent.\n\nTo conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South.", "transatlantic": "1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean. Note: When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former. 2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.", - "transcaucasia": null, "transceiver": null, "transceivers": null, "transcend": "1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds. Howell. 2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed. Such popes as shall transcend their limits. Bacon. 8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed. How much her worth transcended all her kind. Dryden.\n\n1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.] 2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.]", @@ -80110,7 +70993,6 @@ "transshipping": null, "transships": "To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also tranship.]", "transubstantiation": "1. A change into another substance. 2. (R. C. Theol.) The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; -- distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.", - "transvaal": null, "transversal": "Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. -- Trans*ver\"sal*ly, adv.\n\nA straight line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or the sides produced.", "transverse": "Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; -- often opposed to Ant: longitudinal. Transverse axis (of an ellipse or hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci. -- Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard.\n\n1. Anything that is transverse or athwart. 2. (Geom.) The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse.\n\nTo overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie.\n\nTo change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. [Obs.] Duke of Buckingham.", "transversely": "In a transverse manner.", @@ -80118,8 +71000,6 @@ "transvestism": null, "transvestite": null, "transvestites": null, - "transylvania": null, - "transylvanian": null, "trap": "To dress with ornaments; to adorn; -- said especially of horses. Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering. Chaucer. To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed. Spenser. There she found her palfrey trapped In purple blazoned with armorial gold. Tennyson.\n\nAn old term rather loosely used to designate various dark- colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic- augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock. Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials from trap rocks.\n\nOf or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike.\n\n1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring, used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes. She would weep if that she saw a mouse Caught in a trap. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may be caught unawares. Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Rom. xi. 9. God and your majesty Protect mine innocence, or I fall into The trap is laid for me! Shak. 3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end. Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons, etc., to be shot at. 4. The game of trapball. 5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer, etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids. 6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for want of an outlet. 7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray. 8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight. Trap stairs, a staircase leading to a trapdoor. -- Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; -- so called because it furnishes a kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack.\n\n1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes. 2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. \"I trapped the foe.\" Dryden. 3. To provide with a trap; to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See 4th Trap, 5.\n\nTo set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as, to trap for beaver.", "trapdoor": "1. (Arch.) A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor. 2. (Mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door. Raymond. Trapdoor spider (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica).", "trapdoors": "1. (Arch.) A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor. 2. (Mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door. Raymond. Trapdoor spider (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica).", @@ -80136,8 +71016,6 @@ "trappers": "1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals for their furs. W. Irving. 2. (Mining) A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level. Raymond.", "trapping": null, "trappings": "1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial decorations. Trappings of life, for ornament, not use. Dryden. These but the trappings and the suits of woe. Shak. 2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses. Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings. Milton.", - "trappist": "A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Rancé in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.", - "trappists": "A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Rancé in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.", "traps": "Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods; luggage; things. [Colloq.]", "trapshooting": null, "trash": "1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse. Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak. A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin. Landor. 2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or the like. Note: In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards. 3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak. 4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing game. Markham. Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water.\n\n1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop, as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards. 2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn, humiliate, or crush. [Obs.] 3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl.\n\nTo follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607).", @@ -80181,8 +71059,6 @@ "travesties": null, "travesty": "Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; -- applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.]\n\nA burlesque translation or imitation of a work. The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the first. De Quincey.\n\nTo translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous or ludicrous. I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but under the cruel shears of an English tailor. Bentley.", "travestying": null, - "travis": null, - "travolta": null, "trawl": "To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl.\n\n1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod, halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada] 2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends, and dragged at the bottom of the sea, -- used in fishing, and in gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom.", "trawled": null, "trawler": "1. One who, or that which, trawls. 2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it.", @@ -80234,7 +71110,6 @@ "trebled": null, "trebles": "1. Threefold; triple. A lofty tower, and strong on every side With treble walls. Dryden. 2. (Mus.) (a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon. (b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice.\n\nTrebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.\n\nThe highest of the four principal parts in music; the part usually sung by boys or women; soprano. Note: This is sometimes called the first treble, to distinguish it from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female voices.\n\n1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. \"Love trebled life.\" Tennyson. 2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.] He outrageously (When I accused him) trebled his reply. Chapman.\n\nTo become threefold. Swift.", "trebling": null, - "treblinka": null, "tree": "1. (Bot.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk. Note: The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc. 2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree. 3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like. 4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree. [Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts x. 39. 5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer. In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20). 6. (Chem.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead. Tree bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. [Local, U.S.] -- Tree beetle (Zoöl.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. -- Tree bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera. -- Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang). -- Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See Melilot. -- Tree crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. See under Purse. -- Tree creeper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See Creeper, 3. -- Tree cricket (Zoöl.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket (Ecanthus nivoeus) which is noted for its loud stridulation; -- called also white cricket. -- Tree crow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. -- Tree dove (Zoöl.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. -- Tree duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. -- Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. -- Tree fish (Zoöl.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys serriceps). -- Tree frog. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and allied genera of the family Ranidæ. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an example. -- Tree goose (Zoöl.), the bernicle goose. -- Tree hopper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. -- Tree jobber (Zoöl.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] -- Tree kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo. -- Tree lark (Zoöl.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tree lizard (Zoöl.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards (Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons. -- Tree lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Tree crab, above. -- Tree louse (Zoöl.), any aphid; a plant louse. -- Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. -- Tree mouse (Zoöl.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily Dendromyinæ. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. -- Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad. -- Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame. -- Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. -- Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vitæ. -- Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. -- Tree oyster (Zoöl.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also raccoon oyster. -- Tree pie (Zoöl.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. -- Tree pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera. -- Tree pipit. (Zoöl.) See under Pipit. -- Tree porcupine (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Chætomys and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also coendou. -- Tree rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon. They are allied to the porcupines. -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), a tree snake. -- Tree shrike (Zoöl.), a bush shrike. -- Tree snake (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. -- Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. -- Tree sparrow (Zoöl.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola), and the common European species (Passer montanus). -- Tree swallow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in Australia. -- Tree swift (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. -- Tree tiger (Zoöl.), a leopard. -- Tree toad (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylidæ. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket. -- Tree warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera. -- Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees.\n\n1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. J. Burroughs. 2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.", "treed": null, "treeing": null, @@ -80250,7 +71125,6 @@ "trekked": null, "trekker": "One that treks. [Written also trecker.] [South Africa] James Bryce.", "trekkers": "One that treks. [Written also trecker.] [South Africa] James Bryce.", - "trekkie": null, "trekking": null, "treks": "1. To draw or haul a load, as oxen. 2. To travel, esp. by ox wagon; to go from place to place; to migrate. [Chiefly South Africa] One of the motives which induced the Boers of 1836 to trek out of the Colony. James Bryce.\n\nThe act of trekking; a drawing or a traveling; a journey; a migration. [Chiefly South Africa] To the north a trek was projected, and some years later was nearly carried out, for the occupation of the Mashonaland. James Bryce. Great Trek, the great emigration of Boers from Cape Colony which began in 1836, and resulted in the founding of the South African Republic and Orange Free State.", "trellis": "A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants.", @@ -80296,8 +71170,6 @@ "trendsetters": null, "trendsetting": null, "trendy": null, - "trent": null, - "trenton": null, "trepidation": "1. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear; quaking; quivering. 2. Hence, a state of terror or alarm; fear; confusion; fright; as, the men were in great trepidation. 3. (Anc. Astron.) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars. Syn. -- Tremor; agitation; disturbance; fear.", "trespass": "1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go. [Obs.] Soon after this, noble Robert de Bruce . . . trespassed out of this uncertain world. Ld. Berners. 2. (Law) To commit a trespass; esp., to enter unlawfully upon the land of another. 3. To go too far; to put any one to inconvenience by demand or importunity; to intrude; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another. 4. To commit any offense, or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude, to the injury of another; hence, in a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty; to sin; -- often followed by against. In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord. 2 Chron. xxviii. 22.\n\n1. Any injury or offence done to another. I you forgive all wholly this trespass. Chaucer. If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. Matt. vi. 15. 2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin. The fatal trespass done by Eve. Milton. You . . . who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. if. 1. 3. (Law) (a) An unlawful act committed with force and violence (vi et armis) on the person, property, or relative rights of another. (b) An action for injuries accompanied with force. Trespass offering (Jewish Antiq.), an offering in expiation of a trespass. -- Trespass on the case. (Law) See Action on the case, under Case. Syn. -- Offense; breach; infringement; transgression; misdemeanor; misdeed.", "trespassed": null, @@ -80309,9 +71181,6 @@ "tresses": null, "trestle": "1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding, consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the like. 2. The frame of a table. Trestle board, a board used by architects, draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; -- so called because commonly supported by trestles. -- Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n.", "trestles": "1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding, consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the like. 2. The frame of a table. Trestle board, a board used by architects, draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; -- so called because commonly supported by trestles. -- Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n.", - "trevelyan": null, - "trevino": null, - "trevor": null, "trews": "Trowsers; especially, those of the Scotch Highlanders. \"He wore the trews, or close trowsers, made of tartan.\" Sir W. Scott.", "trey": "Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of three spots or pips. Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey. Chaucer.", "treys": "Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of three spots or pips. Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey. Chaucer.", @@ -80332,8 +71201,6 @@ "triangulates": "1. To divide into triangles; specifically, to survey by means of a series of triangles properly laid down and measured. 2. To make triangular, or three-cornered.", "triangulating": null, "triangulation": "The series or network of triangles into which the face of a country, or any portion of it, is divided in a trigonometrical survey; the operation of measuring the elements necessary to determine the triangles into which the country to be surveyed is supposed to be divided, and thus to fix the positions and distances of the several points connected by them.", - "triangulum": null, - "triassic": "Of the age of, or pertaining to, the Trias. -- n. The Triassic formation.", "triathlete": null, "triathletes": null, "triathlon": null, @@ -80365,7 +71232,6 @@ "trichina": "A small, slender nematoid worm (Trichina spiralis) which, in the larval state, is parasitic, often in immense numbers, in the voluntary muscles of man, the hog, and many other animals. When insufficiently cooked meat containing the larvæ is swallowed by man, they are liberated and rapidly become adult, pair, and the ovoviviparous females produce in a short time large numbers of young which find their way into the muscles, either directly, or indirectly by means of the blood. Their presence in the muscles and the intestines in large numbers produces trichinosis.", "trichinae": null, "trichinosis": "The disease produced by the presence of trichinæ in the muscles and intestinal track. It is marked by fever, muscular pains, and symptoms resembling those of typhoid fever, and is frequently fatal.", - "tricia": null, "trick": "1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure, usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade. tricks of the trade mean simply specialized knowledge, in a good or neutral sense. He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick. South. I know a trick worth two of that. Shak. 2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle or amuse; as, a bear's tricks; a juggler's tricks. 3. Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank; as, the tricks of boys. Prior. 4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning. The trick of that voice I do well remember. Shak. He hath a trick of Coeur de Lion's face. Shak. 5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 6. (Card Playing) The whole number of cards played in one round, and consisting of as many cards as there are players. On one nice trick depends the general fate. Pope. 7. (Naut.) A turn; specifically, the spell of a sailor at the helm, -- usually two hours. 8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight; deception; imposture; delusion; imposition.\n\n1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse. 2. To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically; -- often followed by up, off, or out. \" Trick her off in air.\" Pope. People lavish it profusely in tricking up their children in fine clothes, and yet starve their minds. Locke. They are simple, but majestic, records of the feelings of the poet; as little tricked out for the public eye as his diary would have been. Macaulay. 3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or distinguish without color, as arms, etc., in heraldry. They forget that they are in the statutes: . . . there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees. B. Jonson.", "tricked": null, "trickery": "The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem; fraud; imposture.", @@ -80395,7 +71261,6 @@ "trier": "1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines anything by a test or standard. Boyle. 2. One who tries judicially. 3. (Law) A person appointed according to law to try challenges of jurors; a trior. Burrill. 4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak.", "triers": "1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines anything by a test or standard. Boyle. 2. One who tries judicially. 3. (Law) A person appointed according to law to try challenges of jurors; a trior. Burrill. 4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak.", "tries": null, - "trieste": null, "trifecta": null, "trifectas": null, "trifle": "1. A thing of very little value or importance; a paltry, or trivial, affair. With such poor trifles playing. Drayton. Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmation strong As proofs of holy writ. Shak. Small sands the mountain, moments make year, And frifles life. Young. 2. A dish composed of sweetmeats, fruits, cake, wine, etc., with syllabub poured over it.\n\nTo act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial amusements. They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us. Hooker. To trifle with, to play the fool with; to treat without respect or seriousness; to mock; as, to trifle with one's feelings, or with sacred things.\n\n1. To make of no importance; to treat as a trifle. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To spend in vanity; to fritter away; to waste; as, to trifle away money. \"We trifle time.\" Shak.", @@ -80449,11 +71314,6 @@ "trimness": "The quality or state of being trim; orderliness; compactness; snugness; neatness.", "trimonthly": null, "trims": "1. To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right, neat, or pleasing; to adjust. The hermit trimmed his little fire. Goldsmith. 2. To dress; to decorate; to adorn; to invest; to embellish; as, to trim a hat. trim a Christmas tree. A rotten building newly trimmed over. Milton. I was trimmed in Julia's gown. Shak. 3. To make ready or right by cutting or shortening; to clip or lop; to curtail; as, to trim the hair; to trim a tree. \" And trimmed the cheerful lamp.\" Byron. 4. (Carp.) To dress, as timber; to make smooth. 5. (Naut.) (a) To adjust, as a ship, by arranging the cargo, or disposing the weight of persons or goods, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well; as, to trim a ship, or a boat. (b) To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails. 6. To rebuke; to reprove; also, to beat. [Colloq.] To trim in (Carp.), to fit, as a piece of timber, into other work. -- To trim up, to dress; to put in order. I found her trimming up the diadem On her dead mistress. Shak.\n\nTo balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each.\n\n1. Dress; gear; ornaments. Seeing him just pass the window in his woodland trim. Sir W. Scott. 2. Order; disposition; condition; as, to be in good trim. \" The trim of an encounter.\" Chapman. 3. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, etc., by which she is well prepared for sailing. 4. (Arch) The lighter woodwork in the interior of a building; especially, that used around openings, generally in the form of a molded architrave, to protect the plastering at those points. In ballast trim (Naut.), having only ballast on board. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Trim of the masts (Naut.), their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect or raking. -- Trim of sails (Naut.), that adjustment, with reference to the wind, witch is best adapted to impel the ship forward.\n\nFitly adjusted; being in good order., or made ready for service or use; firm; compact; snug; neat; fair; as, the ship is trim, or trim built; everything about the man is trim; a person is trim when his body is well shaped and firm; his dress is trim when it fits closely to his body, and appears tight and snug; a man or a soldier is trim when he stands erect. With comely carriage of her countenance trim. Spenser. So deemed I till I viewed their trim array Of boats last night. Trench.", - "trimurti": "The triad, or trinity, of Hindoo gods, consisting of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. [Spelled also Trimurtti.]", - "trina": null, - "trinidad": null, - "trinidadian": null, - "trinidadians": null, "trinities": null, "trinitrotoluene": null, "trinity": "1. (Christian Theol.) The union of three persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to substance, but three persons as to individuality. 2. Any union of three in one; three units treated as one; a triad, as the Hindoo trinity, or Trimurti. 3. Any symbol of the Trinity employed in Christian art, especially the triangle. Trinity House, an institution in London for promoting commerce and navigation, by licensing pilots, ordering and erecting beacons, and the like. -- Trinity Sunday, the Sunday next after Whitsunday; -- so called from the feast held on that day in honor of the Holy Trinity. -- Trinity term. (Law) See the Note under Term, n., 5.", @@ -80464,7 +71324,6 @@ "trip": "1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip; to move the feet nimbly; -- sometimes followed by it. See It, 5. This horse anon began to trip and dance. Chaucer. Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe. Milton. She bounded by, and tripped so light They had not time to take a steady sight. Dryden. 2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to Europe. 3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance; hence, to make a false; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to stumble. 4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. \"Till his tongue trip.\" Locke. A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding; there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble. South. Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him in danger when most secure. Dryden. What dost thou verily trip upon a word R. Browning.\n\n1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw off the balance; to supplant; -- often followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling. The words of Hobbes's defense trip up the heels of his cause. Abp. Bramhall. 2. Fig.: To overthrow by depriving of support; to put an obstacle in the way of; to obstruct; to cause to fail. To trip the course of law, and blunt the sword. Shak. 3. To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict. [R.] These her women can trip me if I err. Shak. 4. (Naut.) (a) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope, so that it hangs free. (b) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it. 5. (Mach.) To release, let fall, or see free, as a weight or compressed spring, as by removing a latch or detent.\n\n1. A quick, light step; a lively movement of the feet; a skip. His heart bounded as he sometimes could hear the trip of a light female step glide to or from the door. Sir W. Scott. 2. A brief or rapid journey; an excursion or jaunt. I took a trip to London on the death of the queen. Pope. 3. A false step; a stumble; a misstep; a loss of footing or balance. Fig.: An error; a failure; a mistake. Imperfect words, with childish trips. Milton. Each seeming trip, and each digressive start. Harte. 4. A small piece; a morsel; a bit. [Obs.] \"A trip of cheese.\" Chaucer. 5. A stroke, or catch, by which a wrestler causes his antagonist to lose footing. And watches with a trip his foe to foil. Dryden. It is the sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground. South. 6. (Naut.) A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward. 7. A herd or flock, as of sheep, goats, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scott.] 8. A troop of men; a host. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne. 9. (Zoöl.) A flock of widgeons.", "tripartite": "1. Divided into three parts; triparted; as, a tripartite leaf. 2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as, to make indentures tripartite. A. Smith. 3. Made between three parties; as, a tripartite treaty.", "tripe": "1. The large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food. How say you to a fat tripe finely broiled Shak. 2. The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly; -- generally used in the plural. Howell.", - "tripitaka": "The three divisions, or \"baskets\" (pitakas), of buddhist scriptures, -- the Vinayapitaka [Skr. Vinayapitsaka] , or Basket of Discipline; Suttapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Discourses; and Abhidhammapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Metaphysics.", "triple": "1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a triple knot; a triple tie. By thy triple shape as thou art seen. Dryden. 2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble. 3. One of three; third. [Obs.] Shak. Triple crown, the crown, or tiara, of the pope. See Tiara, 2. -- Triple-expansion steam engine, a compound steam engine in which the same steam performs work in three cylinders successively. -- Triple measure (Mus.), a measure of tree beats of which first only is accented. -- Triple ratio (Math.), a ratio which is equal to 3. -- Triple salt (Chem.), a salt containing three distinct basic atoms as radicals; thus, microcosmic salt is a triple salt. -- Triple star (Astron.), a system of three stars in close proximity. -- Triple time (Mus.), that time in which each measure is divided into three equal parts. -- Triple valve, in an automatic air brake for railroad cars, the valve under each car, by means of which the brake is controlled by a change of pressure in the air pipe leading from the locomotive.\n\nTo make threefold, or thrice as much or as many; to treble; as, to triple the tax on coffee.", "tripled": null, "triples": "1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a triple knot; a triple tie. By thy triple shape as thou art seen. Dryden. 2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble. 3. One of three; third. [Obs.] Shak. Triple crown, the crown, or tiara, of the pope. See Tiara, 2. -- Triple-expansion steam engine, a compound steam engine in which the same steam performs work in three cylinders successively. -- Triple measure (Mus.), a measure of tree beats of which first only is accented. -- Triple ratio (Math.), a ratio which is equal to 3. -- Triple salt (Chem.), a salt containing three distinct basic atoms as radicals; thus, microcosmic salt is a triple salt. -- Triple star (Astron.), a system of three stars in close proximity. -- Triple time (Mus.), that time in which each measure is divided into three equal parts. -- Triple valve, in an automatic air brake for railroad cars, the valve under each car, by means of which the brake is controlled by a change of pressure in the air pipe leading from the locomotive.\n\nTo make threefold, or thrice as much or as many; to treble; as, to triple the tax on coffee.", @@ -80481,9 +71340,7 @@ "tripod": "1. Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc., supported on three feet. Note: On such, a stool, in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, the Pythian priestess sat while giving responses to those consulting the Delphic oracle. 2. A three-legged frame or stand, usually jointed at top, for supporting a theodolite, compass, telescope, camera, or other instrument. Tripod of life, or Vital tripod (Physiol.), the three organs, the heart, lungs, and brain; -- so called because their united action is necessary to the maintenance of life.", "tripodal": null, "tripods": "1. Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc., supported on three feet. Note: On such, a stool, in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, the Pythian priestess sat while giving responses to those consulting the Delphic oracle. 2. A three-legged frame or stand, usually jointed at top, for supporting a theodolite, compass, telescope, camera, or other instrument. Tripod of life, or Vital tripod (Physiol.), the three organs, the heart, lungs, and brain; -- so called because their united action is necessary to the maintenance of life.", - "tripoli": "An earthy substance originally brought from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. It consists almost wholly of the siliceous shells of diatoms.", "tripos": "1. A tripod. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. A university examination of questionists, for honors; also, a tripos paper; one who prepares a tripos paper. [Cambridge University, Eng.] Classical tripos examination, the final university examination for classical honors, optional to all who have taken the mathematical honors. C. A. Bristed. -- Tripos paper, a printed list of the successful candidates for mathematical honors, accompanied by a piece in Latin verse. There are two of these, designed to commemorate the two tripos days. The first contains the names of the wranglers and senior optimes, and the second the names of the junior optimes. The word tripos is supposed to refer to the three-legged stool formerly used at the examinations for these honors, though some derive it from the three brackets formerly printed on the back of the paper. C. A. Bristed.", - "trippe": null, "tripped": null, "tripper": "1. One who trips or supplants; also, one who walks or trips nimbly; a dancer. 2. An excursionist.", "trippers": "1. One who trips or supplants; also, one who walks or trips nimbly; a dancer. 2. An excursionist.", @@ -80500,15 +71357,12 @@ "trisecting": null, "trisection": "The division of a thing into three parts, Specifically: (Geom.) the division of an angle into three equal parts.", "trisects": "1. To cut or divide into three parts. 2. (Geom.) To cut or divide into three equal parts.", - "trisha": null, - "tristan": null, "trite": "Worn out; common; used until so common as to have lost novelty and interest; hackneyed; stale; as, a trite remark; a trite subject. -- Trite\"ly, adv. -- Trite\"ness, n.", "tritely": null, "triteness": null, "triter": null, "tritest": null, "tritium": null, - "triton": "A fabled sea demigod, the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as having the upper part of his body like that of a man, and the lower part like that of a fish. He often has a trumpet made of a shell. Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. Wordsworth. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to Triton and allied genera, having a stout spiral shell, often handsomely colored and ornamented with prominent varices. Some of the species are among the largest of all gastropods. Called also trumpet shell, and sea trumpet. 3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M. alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most common species the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See Illust. under Salamander.", "triumph": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a general who had gained a decisive victory over a foreign enemy. Note: The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with a wreath of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a circular chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by four horses. He was preceded by the senate and magistrates, musicians, the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed by his army on foot in marching order. The procession advanced in this manner to the Capitoline Hill, where sacrifices were offered, and victorious commander entertained with a public feast. 2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a stately show or pageant. [Obs.] Our daughter, In honor of whose birth these triumphs are, Sits here, like beauty's child. Shak. 3. A state of joy or exultation for success. Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. Milton. Hercules from Spain Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. Dryden. 4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the triumph of knowledge. 5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.]\n\n1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation. How long shall the wicked triumph Ps. xciv. 3. Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you That triumph thus upon my misery! Shak. 2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail. Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time. Milton. On this occasion, however, genius triumphed. Macaulay. 3. To be prosperous; to flourish. Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales. Trumbull. 4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nTo obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also, to cause to triumph. [Obs.] Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumphed word. Massinger.", "triumphal": "Of or pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; indicating, or in honor of, a triumph or victory; as, a triumphal crown; a triumphal arch. Messiah his triumphal chariot turned. Milton.\n\nA token of victory. [Obs.] Joyless triumphals of his hoped success. Milton.", "triumphalism": null, @@ -80536,7 +71390,6 @@ "trivializing": null, "trivially": "In a trivial manner.", "trivium": "1. The three \" liberal\" arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric; -- being a triple way, as it were, to eloquence. Note: The trivium and quadrivium together made up the seven liberal arts. See Quadrivium. 2. (Zoöl.) The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively.", - "trobriand": null, "trochaic": "A trochaic verse or measure. Dryden.\n\nOf or pertaining to trochees; consisting of trochees; as, trochaic measure or verse.", "trochee": "A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short, as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus.", "trochees": "A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short, as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus.", @@ -80546,9 +71399,6 @@ "troglodytes": "1. (Zoöl.) A genus of apes including the chimpanzee. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of singing birds including the common wrens.", "troika": null, "troikas": null, - "troilus": "A large, handsome American butterfly (Euphoeades, or Papilio, troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue spots on the rear wings.", - "trojan": "Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Troy. Tim jumped like a Trojan from the bed. Finnegan's Wake (Irish song)", - "trojans": "Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Troy. Tim jumped like a Trojan from the bed. Finnegan's Wake (Irish song)", "troll": "A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size, but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and like places; a witch. Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a).\n\n1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn. To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton. 2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking. Then doth she troll to the bowl. Gammer Gurton's Needle. Troll the brown bowl. Sir W. Scott. 3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and the like; also, to sing loudly or freely. Will you troll the catch Shak. His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed mortaltrolled aloud. Hudibras. 4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the surface of the water; hence, to allure. 5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from. With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and six. 2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont. 3. To take part in trolling a song. 4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by drawing the hook through the water. Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish. Bancroft.\n\n1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke. 2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a round. Thence the catch and troll, while \"Laughter, holding both his sides,\" sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life. Prof. Wilson. 3. A trolley. Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be brought together or spread radially.", "trolled": null, "trolley": "(a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the like. [Eng.] (b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal. [Eng.] (c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of cranes. (d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car. Trolley line, (a) A trolley(e). (b) The path along which a trolley(e) runs. -- Trolley car, a wheeled car powered by electricity drawn from a trolley, and thus constrained to follow the trolley lines.", @@ -80557,7 +71407,6 @@ "trolleys": "(a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the like. [Eng.] (b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal. [Eng.] (c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of cranes. (d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car. Trolley line, (a) A trolley(e). (b) The path along which a trolley(e) runs. -- Trolley car, a wheeled car powered by electricity drawn from a trolley, and thus constrained to follow the trolley lines.", "trolling": null, "trollop": "A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a slattern; a slut; a whore.", - "trollope": null, "trollops": "A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a slattern; a slut; a whore.", "trolls": "A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size, but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and like places; a witch. Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a).\n\n1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn. To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton. 2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking. Then doth she troll to the bowl. Gammer Gurton's Needle. Troll the brown bowl. Sir W. Scott. 3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and the like; also, to sing loudly or freely. Will you troll the catch Shak. His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed mortaltrolled aloud. Hudibras. 4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the surface of the water; hence, to allure. 5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from. With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmith.\n\n1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and six. 2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont. 3. To take part in trolling a song. 4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by drawing the hook through the water. Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish. Bancroft.\n\n1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke. 2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a round. Thence the catch and troll, while \"Laughter, holding both his sides,\" sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life. Prof. Wilson. 3. A trolley. Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be brought together or spread radially.", "trombone": "1. (Mus.) A powerful brass instrument of the trumpet kind, thought by some to be the ancient sackbut, consisting of a tube in three parts, bent twice upon itself and ending in a bell. The middle part, bent double, slips into the outer parts, as in a telescope, so that by change of the vibrating length any tone within the compass of the instrument (which may be bass or tenor or alto or even, in rare instances, soprano) is commanded. It is the only member of the family of wind instruments whose scale, both diatonic and chromatic, is complete without the aid of keys or pistons, and which can slide from note to note as smoothly as the human voice or a violin. Softly blown, it has a rich and mellow sound, which becomes harsh and blatant when the tones are forced; used with discretion, its effect is often solemn and majestic. 2. (Zoöl.) The common European bittern.", @@ -80569,7 +71418,6 @@ "tromping": null, "tromps": "A blowing apparatus, in which air, drawn into the upper part of a vertical tube through side holes by a stream of water within, is carried down with the water into a box or chamber below which it is led to a furnace. [Written also trompe, and trombe.]\n\nA trumpet; a trump. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "tron": "See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.]", - "trondheim": null, "trons": "See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.]", "troop": "1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude. That which should accompany old age --As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends --I must not look to have. Shak. 2. Soldiers, collectively; an army; -- now generally used in the plural. Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars. Shak. His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines. Macaulay. 3. (Mil.) Specifically, a small body of cavalry, light horse, or dragoons, consisting usually of about sixty men, commanded by a captain; the unit of formation of cavalry, corresponding to the company in infantry. Formerly, also, a company of horse artillery; a battery. 4. A company of stageplayers; a troupe. W. Coxe. 5. (Mil.) A particular roll of the drum; a quick march.\n\n1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. \"Armies . . . troop to their standard.\" Milton. 2. To march on; to go forward in haste. Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men. Shak.", "trooped": null, @@ -80586,7 +71434,6 @@ "tropic": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline substance slightly soluble in water.\n\n1. (Astron.) One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23º 28min, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which they touch the ecliptic. 2. (Geog.) (a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl. The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near them on either side. The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the greenhouse and the saloon. Bancroft.\n\nOf or pertaining to the tropics; tropical. Tropic bird (Zoöl.), any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Phaëthon, found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic bird. Phaëthon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it breeds.", "tropical": "1. Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases. 2. Etym: [From Trope.] Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical. Jer. Taylor. The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between the tropical or allusive part of the parable and the thing intended by it. South. Tropic month. See Lunar month, under Month. -- Tropic year, the solar year; the period occupied by the sun in passing from one tropic or one equinox to the same again, having a mean length of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.0 seconds, which is 20 minutes, 23.3 seconds shorter than the sidereal year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes.", "tropically": "In a tropical manner; figuratively; metaphorically.", - "tropicana": null, "tropics": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline substance slightly soluble in water.\n\n1. (Astron.) One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23º 28min, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which they touch the ecliptic. 2. (Geog.) (a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl. The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near them on either side. The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the greenhouse and the saloon. Bancroft.\n\nOf or pertaining to the tropics; tropical. Tropic bird (Zoöl.), any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Phaëthon, found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic bird. Phaëthon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it breeds.", "tropism": "Modification of the direction of growth.", "tropisms": "Modification of the direction of growth.", @@ -80595,7 +71442,6 @@ "trot": "1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or drive at a trot. See Trot, n. 2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry. He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night. Franklin.\n\nTo cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering. To trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.]\n\n1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk, but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. \"The limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot.\" Stillman (The Horse in Motion). 2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying. 3. One who trots; a child; a woman. An old trot with ne'er a tooth. Shak.", "troth": "1. Belief; faith; fidelity. Bid her alight And hertroth plight. Shak. 2. Truth; verity; veracity; as, by my troth. Shak. In troth, thou art able to instruct gray hairs. Addison. 3. Betrothal.", "trots": "1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or drive at a trot. See Trot, n. 2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry. He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night. Franklin.\n\nTo cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering. To trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.]\n\n1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk, but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. \"The limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot.\" Stillman (The Horse in Motion). 2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying. 3. One who trots; a child; a woman. An old trot with ne'er a tooth. Shak.", - "trotsky": null, "trotted": null, "trotter": "1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in trotting matches. 2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also, humorously, the human foot.", "trotters": "1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in trotting matches. 2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also, humorously, the human foot.", @@ -80648,7 +71494,6 @@ "trowing": null, "trows": "A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing fish. Knight.\n\nTo believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic] So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize. Chaucer. A better priest, I trow, there nowhere none is. Chaucer. It never yet was worn, I trow. Tennyson. Note: I trow, or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise. What tempest, I trow, threw this whale . . . ashore Shak. What is the matter, trow Shak.", "troy": "Troy weight. Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1apothecaries' weight, used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the", - "troyes": null, "troys": "Troy weight. Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1apothecaries' weight, used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the", "truancy": "The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as, addicted to truancy.", "truant": "One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk. Dryden. I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak. To play truant, to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of school without leave. Sir T. Browne\n\nWandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking duty; as, a truant boy. While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side. Trumbull.\n\nTo idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant. Shak. By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental grounds of saving knowledge. Lowell.\n\nTo idle away; to waste. [R.] I dare not be the author Of truanting the time. Ford.", @@ -80659,7 +71504,6 @@ "truces": "1. (Mil.) A suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders of opposing forces; a temporary cessation of hostilities, for negotiation or other purpose; an armistice. 2. Hence, intermission of action, pain, or contest; temporary cessation; short quiet. Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts. Milton. Flag of truce (Mil.), a white flag carried or exhibited by one of the hostile parties, during the flying of which hostilities are suspended. -- Truce of God, a suspension of arms promulgated by the church, which occasionally took place in the Middle Ages, putting a stop to private hostilities at or within certain periods.", "truck": "1. A small wheel, as of a vehicle; specifically (Ord.), a small strong wheel, as of wood or iron, for a gun carriage. 2. A low, wheeled vehicle or barrow for carrying goods, stone, and other heavy articles. Goods were conveyed about the town almost exclusively in trucks drawn by dogs. Macaulay. 3. (Railroad Mach.) A swiveling carriage, consisting of a frame with one or more pairs of wheels and the necessary boxes, springs, etc., to carry and guide one end of a locomotive or a car; -- sometimes called bogie in England. Trucks usually have four or six wheels. 4. (Naut.) (a) A small wooden cap at the summit of a flagstaff or a masthead, having holes in it for reeving halyards through. (b) A small piece of wood, usually cylindrical or disk-shaped, used for various purposes. 5. A freight car. [Eng.] 6. A frame on low wheels or rollers; -- used for various purposes, as for a movable support for heavy bodies.\n\nTo transport on a truck or trucks.\n\nTo exchange; to give in exchange; to barter; as, to truck knives for gold dust. We will begin by supposing the international trade to be in form, what it always is in reality, an actual trucking of one commodity against another. J. S. Mill.\n\nTo exchange commodities; to barter; to trade; to deal. A master of a ship, who deceived them under color of trucking with them. Palfrey. Despotism itself is obliged to truck and huckster. Burke. To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson.\n\n1. Exchange of commodities; barter. Hakluyt. 2. Commodities appropriate for barter, or for small trade; small commodities; esp., in the United States, garden vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] 3. The practice of paying wages in goods instead of money; -- called also truck system. Garden truck, vegetables raised for market. [Colloq.] [U. S.] -- Truck farming, raising vegetables for market: market gardening. [Colloq. U. S.]", "trucked": null, - "truckee": null, "trucker": "One who trucks; a trafficker. No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls. South.", "truckers": "One who trucks; a trafficker. No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls. South.", "trucking": "The business of conveying goods on trucks.", @@ -80673,12 +71517,10 @@ "truculence": "The quality or state of being truculent; savageness of manners; ferociousness.", "truculent": "1. Fierce; savage; ferocious; barbarous; as, the truculent inhabitants of Scythia. Ray. 2. Cruel; destructive; ruthless. More or less truculent plagues. Harvey.", "truculently": "In a truculent manner.", - "trudeau": null, "trudge": "To walk or march with labor; to jog along; to move wearily. And trudged to Rome upon my naked feet. Dryden.", "trudged": null, "trudges": "To walk or march with labor; to jog along; to move wearily. And trudged to Rome upon my naked feet. Dryden.", "trudging": null, - "trudy": null, "true": "1. Conformable to fact; in accordance with the actual state of things; correct; not false, erroneous, inaccurate, or the like; as, a true relation or narration; a true history; a declaration is true when it states the facts. 2. Right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate; as, a true copy; a true likeness of the original. Making his eye, foot, and hand keep true time. Sir W. Scott. 3. Steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince, or the like; unwavering; faithful; loyal; not false, fickle, or perfidious; as, a true friend; a wife true to her husband; an officer true to his charge. Thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled. Milton. Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie. Herbert. 4. Actual; not counterfeit, adulterated, or pretended; genuine; pure; real; as, true balsam; true love of country; a true Christian. The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John i. 9. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope. Note: True is sometimes used elliptically for It is true. Out of true, varying from correct mechanical form, alignment, adjustment, etc.; -- said of a wall that is not perpendicular, of a wheel whose circumference is not in the same plane, and the like. [Colloq.] -- A true bill (Law), a bill of indictment which is returned by the grand jury so indorsed, signifying that the charges to be true. -- True time. See under Time.\n\nIn accordance with truth; truly. Shak.", "trued": null, "truelove": "1. One really beloved. 2. (Bot.) A plant. See Paris. 3. An unexplained word occurring in Chaucer, meaning, perhaps, an aromatic sweetmeat for sweetening the breath. T. R. Lounsbury. Under his tongue a truelove he bore. Chaucer. Truelove knot, a complicated, involved knot that does not readily untie; the emblem of interwoven affection or engagement; -- called also true-lover's knot.", @@ -80686,7 +71528,6 @@ "truer": null, "trues": "1. Conformable to fact; in accordance with the actual state of things; correct; not false, erroneous, inaccurate, or the like; as, a true relation or narration; a true history; a declaration is true when it states the facts. 2. Right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate; as, a true copy; a true likeness of the original. Making his eye, foot, and hand keep true time. Sir W. Scott. 3. Steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince, or the like; unwavering; faithful; loyal; not false, fickle, or perfidious; as, a true friend; a wife true to her husband; an officer true to his charge. Thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled. Milton. Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie. Herbert. 4. Actual; not counterfeit, adulterated, or pretended; genuine; pure; real; as, true balsam; true love of country; a true Christian. The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John i. 9. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope. Note: True is sometimes used elliptically for It is true. Out of true, varying from correct mechanical form, alignment, adjustment, etc.; -- said of a wall that is not perpendicular, of a wheel whose circumference is not in the same plane, and the like. [Colloq.] -- A true bill (Law), a bill of indictment which is returned by the grand jury so indorsed, signifying that the charges to be true. -- True time. See under Time.\n\nIn accordance with truth; truly. Shak.", "truest": null, - "truffaut": null, "truffle": "Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi, usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum) and the English truffle (T. æstivum) are much esteemed as articles of food. Truffle worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Leiodes, injurious to truffles. Truffle pig, a pig used for finding truffles. Note: When trained, certain pigs have a peculiar ability to smell truffles which lie underground, making them useful for searching out hidden truffles.", "truffles": "Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi, usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum) and the English truffle (T. æstivum) are much esteemed as articles of food. Truffle worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Leiodes, injurious to truffles. Truffle pig, a pig used for finding truffles. Note: When trained, certain pigs have a peculiar ability to smell truffles which lie underground, making them useful for searching out hidden truffles.", "trug": "1. A trough, or tray. Specifically: (a) A hod for mortar. (b) An old measure of wheat equal to two thirds of a bushel. Bailey. 2. A concubine; a harlot. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).", @@ -80694,10 +71535,7 @@ "truing": null, "truism": "An undoubted or self-evident truth; a statement which is pliantly true; a proposition needing no proof or argument; -- opposed to falsism. Trifling truisms clothed in great, swelling words. J. P. Smith.", "truisms": "An undoubted or self-evident truth; a statement which is pliantly true; a proposition needing no proof or argument; -- opposed to falsism. Trifling truisms clothed in great, swelling words. J. P. Smith.", - "trujillo": null, "truly": "1. In a true manner; according to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to state things truly; the facts are truly represented. I can not truly say how I came here. Shak. 2. Exactly; justly; precisely; accurately; as, to estimate truly the weight of evidence. 3. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached to a lover; the citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their country. Burke. 4. Conformably to law; legally; legitimately. His innocent babe [is] truly begotten. Shak. 5. In fact; in deed; in reality; in truth. Beauty is excelled by manly grace And wisdom, which alone is truly fair. Milton.", - "truman": null, - "trumbull": null, "trump": "A wind instrument of music; a trumpet, or sound of a trumpet; - - used chiefly in Scripture and poetry. We shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump. 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52. The wakeful trump of doom. Milton.\n\nTo blow a trumpet. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. vi. 2).\n\n1. A winning card; one of a particular suit (usually determined by chance for each deal) any card of which takes any card of the other suits. 2. An old game with cards, nearly the same as whist; -- called also ruff. Decker. 3. A good fellow; an excellent person. [Slang] Alfred is a trump, I think you say. Thackeray. To put to one's trumps, or To put on one's trumps, to force to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion. But when kings come so low as to fawn upon philosophy, which before they neither valued nor understood, it is a sign that fails not, they are then put to their last trump. Milton. Put the housekeeper to her trumps to accommodate them. W. Irving.\n\nTo play a trump card when one of another suit has been led.\n\nTo play a trump card upon; to take with a trump card; as, she trumped the first trick.\n\n1. To trick, or impose on; to deceive. [Obs.] \"To trick or trump mankind.\" B. Jonson. 2. To impose unfairly; to palm off. Authors have been trumped upon us. C. Leslie. To trump up, to devise; to collect with unfairness; to fabricate; as, to trump up a charge.", "trumped": null, "trumpery": "1. Deceit; fraud. [Obs.] Grenewey. 2. Something serving to deceive by false show or pretense; falsehood; deceit; worthless but showy matter; hence, things worn out and of no value; rubbish. The trumpery in my house, go bring it hither, for state to catch these thieves. Shak. Upon the coming of Christ, very much, though not all, of this idolatrous trumpery and superstition was driven out of the world. South.\n\nWorthless or deceptive in character. \"A trumpery little ring.\" Thackeray.", @@ -80771,18 +71609,10 @@ "tsarists": null, "tsetse": "A venomous two-winged African fly (Glossina morsitans) whose bite is very poisonous, and even fatal, to horses and cattle, but harmless to men. It renders extensive districts in which it abounds uninhabitable during certain seasons of the year. [Written also tzetze, and tsetze.]", "tsetses": "A venomous two-winged African fly (Glossina morsitans) whose bite is very poisonous, and even fatal, to horses and cattle, but harmless to men. It renders extensive districts in which it abounds uninhabitable during certain seasons of the year. [Written also tzetze, and tsetze.]", - "tsimshian": null, - "tsiolkovsky": null, - "tsitsihar": null, - "tsongkhapa": null, "tsp": null, "tsunami": null, "tsunamis": null, - "tswana": null, "ttys": null, - "tu": null, - "tuamotu": null, - "tuareg": null, "tub": "1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, bottom, and hoops; a kind of short cask, half barrel, or firkin, usually with but one head, -- used for various purposes. 2. The amount which a tub contains, as a measure of quantity; as, a tub of butter; a tub of camphor, which is about 1 cwt., etc. 3. Any structure shaped like a tub: as, a certain old form of pulpit; a short, broad boat, etc., -- often used jocosely or opprobriously. All being took up and busied, some in pulpits and some in tubs, in the grand work of preaching and holding forth. South. 4. A sweating in a tub; a tub fast. [Obs.] Shak. 5. A small cask; as, a tub of gin. 6. A box or bucket in which coal or ore is sent up a shaft; -- so called by miners. Tub fast, an old mode of treatment for the venereal disease, by sweating in a close place, or tub, and fasting. [Obs.] Shak. -- Tub wheel, a horizontal water wheel, usually in the form of a short cylinder, to the circumference of which spiral vanes or floats, placed radially, are attached, turned by the impact of one or more streams of water, conducted so as to strike against the floats in the direction of a tangent to the cylinder.\n\nTo plant or set in a tub; as, to tub a plant.\n\nTo make use of a bathing tub; to lie or be in a bath; to bathe. [Colloq.] Don't we all tub in England London Spectator.", "tuba": "(a) An ancient trumpet. (b) A sax-tuba. See Sax-tuba.", "tubal": "Of or pertaining to a tube; specifically, of or pertaining to one of the Fallopian tubes; as, tubal pregnancy.", @@ -80807,7 +71637,6 @@ "tubful": "As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub.", "tubfuls": "As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub.", "tubing": "1. The act of making tubes. 2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a tube; material for tubes; as, leather tubing.", - "tubman": "One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer. Cf. Postman, 2.", "tubs": "1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, bottom, and hoops; a kind of short cask, half barrel, or firkin, usually with but one head, -- used for various purposes. 2. The amount which a tub contains, as a measure of quantity; as, a tub of butter; a tub of camphor, which is about 1 cwt., etc. 3. Any structure shaped like a tub: as, a certain old form of pulpit; a short, broad boat, etc., -- often used jocosely or opprobriously. All being took up and busied, some in pulpits and some in tubs, in the grand work of preaching and holding forth. South. 4. A sweating in a tub; a tub fast. [Obs.] Shak. 5. A small cask; as, a tub of gin. 6. A box or bucket in which coal or ore is sent up a shaft; -- so called by miners. Tub fast, an old mode of treatment for the venereal disease, by sweating in a close place, or tub, and fasting. [Obs.] Shak. -- Tub wheel, a horizontal water wheel, usually in the form of a short cylinder, to the circumference of which spiral vanes or floats, placed radially, are attached, turned by the impact of one or more streams of water, conducted so as to strike against the floats in the direction of a tangent to the cylinder.\n\nTo plant or set in a tub; as, to tub a plant.\n\nTo make use of a bathing tub; to lie or be in a bath; to bathe. [Colloq.] Don't we all tub in England London Spectator.", "tubular": "Having the form of a tube, or pipe; consisting of a pipe; fistular; as, a tubular snout; a tubular calyx. Also, containing, or provided with, tubes. Tubular boiler. See under Boiler. -- Tubular breathing (Med.), a variety of respiratory sound, heard on auscultation over the lungs in certain cases of disease, resembling that produced by the air passing through the trachea. -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or tube, made of iron plates riveted together, as the Victoria bridge over the St. Lawrence, at Montreal, Canada, and the Britannia bridge over the Menai Straits. -- Tubular girder, a plate girder having two or more vertical webs with a space between them.", "tubule": "1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube. 2. (Anat.) A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as, the uriniferous tubules of the kidney.", @@ -80820,14 +71649,6 @@ "tuckers": "1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with which tuck are made. 2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman's dress in the 17th century and later. 3. Etym: [See Tuck, v. t., 4.] A fuller. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo tire; to weary; -- usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.]", "tucking": null, "tucks": "A long, narrow sword; a rapier. [Obs.] Shak. He wore large hose, and a tuck, as it was then called, or rapier, of tremendous length. Sir W. Scot.\n\nThe beat of a drum. Scot.\n\n1. To draw up; to shorten; to fold under; to press into a narrower compass; as, to tuck the bedclothes in; to tuck up one's sleeves. 2. To make a tuck or tucks in; as, to tuck a dress. 3. To inclose; to put within; to press into a close place; as, to tuck a child into a bed; to tuck a book under one's arm, or into a pocket. 4. Etym: [Perhaps originally, to strike, beat: cf. F. toquer to touch. Cf. Tocsin.] To full, as cloth. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nTo contract; to draw together. [Obs.]\n\n1. A horizontal sewed fold, such as is made in a garment, to shorten it; a plait. 2. A small net used for taking fish from a larger one; -- called also tuck-net. 3. A pull; a lugging. [Obs.] See Tug. Life of A. Wood. 4. (Naut.) The part of a vessel where the ends of the bottom planks meet under the stern. 5. Food; pastry; sweetmeats. [Slang] T. Hughes.", - "tucson": null, - "tucuman": null, - "tudor": "Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.", - "tudors": "Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.", - "tue": "The parson bird.", - "tues": "The parson bird.", - "tuesday": "The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.", - "tuesdays": "The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.", "tuft": "1. A collection of small, flexible, or soft things in a knot or bunch; a waving or bending and spreading cluster; as, a tuft of flowers or feathers. 2. A cluster; a clump; as, a tuft of plants. Under a tuft of shade. Milton. Green lake, and cedar fuft, and spicy glade. Keble. 3. A nobleman, or person of quality, especially in the English universities; -- so called from the tuft, or gold tassel, on the cap worn by them. [Cant, Eng.] Several young tufts, and others of the faster men. T. Hughes.\n\n1. To separate into tufts. 2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft. Thomson.\n\nTo grow in, or form, a tuft or tufts.", "tufted": "1. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted duck. 2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty. The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine. Milton. Tufted trees and springing corn. Pope. Tufted duck (Zoöl.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U.S.]", "tufter": null, @@ -80841,14 +71662,10 @@ "tugging": null, "tugs": "1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port. There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar. Roscommon. 2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.] To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain. Hudibras.\n\n1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream. He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton. 2. To labor; to strive; to struggle. England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The unowed interest of proud-swelling state. Shak.\n\n1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called tug of war; a supreme effort. At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls. Dryden. 2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. (Naut.) A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; -- called also steam tug, tugboat, and towboat. 4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness. 5. (Mining.) An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed. Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be attached, as on the shaft of a wagon.", "tuition": "1. Superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward; guardianship. 2. Especially, the act, art, or business of teaching; instruction; as, children are sent to school for tuition; his tuition was thorough. 3. The money paid for instruction; the price or payment for instruction.", - "tulane": null, "tularemia": null, "tulip": "Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, or Hibiscus, tiliaceum).", "tulips": "Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, or Hibiscus, tiliaceum).", - "tull": "To allure; to tole. [Obs.] With empty hands men may no hawkes tull. Chaucer.", "tulle": "A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc.", - "tulsa": null, - "tulsidas": null, "tum": null, "tumble": "1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one's self about; as, a person on pain tumbles and tosses. 2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated; as, to tumble from a scaffold. He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who slides from a molehill. South. 3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body; to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe. To tumble home (Naut.), to incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme breadth; -- used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided.\n\n1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner; to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; -- sometimes with over, about, etc.; as, to tumble books or papers. 2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.\n\nAct of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall.", "tumbled": null, @@ -80893,15 +71710,9 @@ "tuneup": null, "tuneups": null, "tungsten": "1. (Chem.) A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18. 2 (Min.) Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.] Tungsten ocher, or Tungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate.", - "tungus": null, - "tunguska": null, "tunic": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and was confined at the waist by a girdle. 2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a common name for various styles of loose-fitting under-garments and over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Tunicle. 4. (Anat.) A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an organ or part, as the eye. 5. (Bot.) A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed. 6. (Zoöl.) See Mantle, n., 3 (a).", "tunics": "1. (Rom. Antiq.) An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and was confined at the waist by a girdle. 2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a common name for various styles of loose-fitting under-garments and over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Tunicle. 4. (Anat.) A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an organ or part, as the eye. 5. (Bot.) A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed. 6. (Zoöl.) See Mantle, n., 3 (a).", "tuning": "a. & n. from Tune, v. Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for ascertaining the pitch of tunes.", - "tunis": null, - "tunisia": null, - "tunisian": null, - "tunisians": null, "tunnel": "1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel. 2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a funnel. And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth threw. Spenser. 3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the like. 4. (Mining) A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; -- distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel. Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the materials are put in. -- Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used. -- Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. -- Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones, for ventilation, lighting, and the like.\n\n1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham. 2 2 To catch in a tunnel net. 3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river.", "tunneled": null, "tunneler": null, @@ -80909,17 +71720,13 @@ "tunneling": null, "tunnelings": null, "tunnels": "1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel. 2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a funnel. And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth threw. Spenser. 3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the like. 4. (Mining) A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; -- distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel. Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the materials are put in. -- Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used. -- Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. -- Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones, for ventilation, lighting, and the like.\n\n1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham. 2 2 To catch in a tunnel net. 3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river.", - "tunney": null, "tunnies": null, "tunny": "Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny (Orcynus or Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse. [Written also thynny.] Note: The little tunny (Gymnosarda alletterata) of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see Albicore), are related species of smaller size.", "tuns": "1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask. 2. (Brewing) A fermenting vat. 3. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, equal to two pipes, four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. In different countries, the tun differs in quantity. 4. (Com.) A weight of 2,240 pounds. See Ton. [R.] 5. An indefinite large quantity. Shak. A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ. Dryden. 6. A drunkard; -- so called humorously, or in contempt. 7. (Zoöl.) Any shell belonging to Dolium and allied genera; -- called also tun-shell.\n\nTo put into tuns, or casks. Boyle.", - "tupi": "An Indian of the tribe from which the Tupian stock takes its name, dwelling, at the advent of the Portuguese, about the mouth of the Amazon. Also, their language, which is the basis of the Indian trade language of the Amazon.", "tuple": null, "tuples": null, "tuppence": null, "tuppenny": null, - "tupperware": null, - "tupungato": null, "tuque": "A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making a conical cap of double thickness. Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats. F. Remington.", "tuques": "A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making a conical cap of double thickness. Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats. F. Remington.", "turban": "1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck. 2. A kind of headdress worn by women. 3. (Zoöl.) The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.", @@ -80959,22 +71766,11 @@ "turfing": "The act or process of providing or covering with turf. Turfing iron, or Turfing spade, an implement for cutting, and paring off, turf.", "turfs": "1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat; sward; sod. At his head a grass-green turf. Shak. The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves. Milton. 2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat. 3. Race course; horse racing; -- preceded by the. \"We . . . claim the honors of the turf.\" Cowper. Note: Turf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are generally self-explaining; as, turf ashes, turf cutter or turf- cutter, turf pit or turf-pit, turf-built, turf-clad, turf-covered, etc. Turf ant (Zoöl.), a small European ant (Formica flava) which makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons. -- Turf drain, a drain made with turf or peat. -- Turf hedge, a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds. -- Turf house, a house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe. -- Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land. -- Turf spade, a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade.\n\nTo cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank, of the border of a terrace. A. Tucker.", "turfy": "1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. \"The turfy mountains.\" Shak. 2. Having the nature or appearance of turf. 3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing.", - "turgenev": null, "turgid": "1. Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent or expansive force; swelled; swollen; bloated; inflated; tumid; -- especially applied to an enlarged part of the body; as, a turgid limb; turgid fruit. A bladder . . . held near the fire grew turgid. Boyle. 2. Swelling in style or language; vainly ostentatious; bombastic; pompous; as, a turgid style of speaking. -- Tur\"gid*ly, adv. -- Tur\"gid*ness, n.", "turgidity": "The quality or state of being turgid.", "turgidly": null, - "turin": null, - "turing": null, - "turk": "1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey. 2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey. 3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey. It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian. Chillingworth. 4. (Zoöl.) The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum. Turk's cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk's head. See Melon cactus, under Melon. -- Turk's head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk's cap (c) above. -- Turk's turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot.", - "turkestan": null, "turkey": "An empire in the southeast of Europe and southwest of Asia. Turkey carpet, a superior kind of carpet made in Asia Minor and adjoining countries, having a deep pile and composed of pure wool with a weft of different material. It is distinguishable by its coloring and patterns from similar carpets made in India and elsewhere. -- Turkey oak. (Bot.) See Cerris. -- Turkey red. (a) A brilliant red imparted by madder to cottons, calicoes, etc., the fiber of which has been prepared previously with oil or other fatty matter. (b) Cloth dyed with this red. -- Turkey sponge. (Zoöl.) See Toilet sponge, under Sponge. -- Turkey stone, a kind of oilstone from Turkey; novaculite; -- called also Turkey oilstone.\n\nAny large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus Meleagris, especially the North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians long before the discovery of America. Note: The Mexican wild turkey is now considered a variety of the northern species (var. Mexicana). Its tall feathers and coverts are tipped with white instead of brownish chestnut, and its flesh is white. The Central American, or ocellated, turkey (M. ocellata) is more elegantly colored than the common species. See under Ocellated. The Australian, or native, turkey is a bustard (Choriotis australis). See under Native. Turkey beard (Bot.), a name of certain American perennial liliaceous herbs of the genus Xerophyllum. They have a dense tuft of hard, narrowly linear radical leaves, and a long raceme of small whitish flowers. Also called turkey's beard. -- Turkey berry (Bot.), a West Indian name for the fruit of certain kinds of nightshade (Solanum mammosum, and S. torvum). -- Turkey bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. So called because it erects and ruffles the feathers of its neck when disturbed. [Prov. Eng.] -- Turkey buzzard (Zoöl.), a black or nearly black buzzard (Cathartes aura), abundant in the Southern United States. It is so called because its naked and warty head and neck resemble those of a turkey. Its is noted for its high and graceful flight. Called also turkey vulture. -- Turkey cock (Zoöl.), a male turkey. -- Turkey hen (Zoöl.), a female turkey. -- Turkey pout (Zoöl.), a young turkey. [R.] -- Turkey vulture (Zoöl.), the turkey buzzard.", "turkeys": "Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "turkic": "Turkish.", - "turkics": "Turkish.", - "turkish": "Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks. -- n. The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of Turkey. -- Turk\"ish*ly, adv. -- Turk\"ish*ness, n.", - "turkmenistan": null, - "turks": "1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey. 2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey. 3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey. It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian. Chillingworth. 4. (Zoöl.) The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum. Turk's cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk's head. See Melon cactus, under Melon. -- Turk's head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk's cap (c) above. -- Turk's turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot.", - "turlock": null, "turmeric": "1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma, of the Ginger family. 2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa. It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color, and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical test.\n\nOf or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from, turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of turmerol. Turmeric paper (Chem.), paper impregnated with turmeric and used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from yellow to brown. -- Turmeric root. (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot.", "turmerics": "1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma, of the Ginger family. 2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa. It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color, and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical test.\n\nOf or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from, turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of turmerol. Turmeric paper (Chem.), paper impregnated with turmeric and used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from yellow to brown. -- Turmeric root. (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot.", "turmoil": "Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance; worrying confusion. And there I'll rest, as after much turmoil, A blessed soul doth in Elysium. Shak.\n\nTo harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.] It is her fatal misfortune . . . to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction. Spenser.\n\nTo be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.] Milton.", @@ -81011,7 +71807,6 @@ "turntable": "A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also turnplate.", "turntables": "A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also turnplate.", "turpentine": "A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir. Note: There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europæa. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies pectinata). Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc. -- Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larvæ eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. -- Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine, above.", - "turpin": "A land tortoise. [Obs.]", "turpitude": "Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak.", "turps": null, "turquoise": "A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois.] Note: Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.\n\nHaving a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral turquoise.", @@ -81026,19 +71821,11 @@ "turtlenecked": null, "turtlenecks": null, "turtles": "The turtledove.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian. Note: In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are also called turtles. 2. (Printing) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press. Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under Alligator, Box, etc. -- green turtle (Zoöl.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia, having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which (Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other (C. virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. -- Turtle cowrie (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowrie (Cypræa testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. -- Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant (Thalassia testudinum) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. -- Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise.", - "tuscaloosa": null, - "tuscan": "Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Tuscany.", - "tuscany": null, - "tuscarora": null, - "tuscaroras": "A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six.", - "tuscon": null, "tush": "An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush, tush! do not speak of it. Tush, say they, how should God perceive it Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. lxxiii. 11).\n\nA long, pointed tooth; a tusk; -- applied especially to certain teeth of horses.", "tushes": "A lithographic drawing or painting material of the same nature as lithographic ink. It is also used as a resistant in the biting-in process.", "tusk": "Same as Torsk.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth. 2. (Zoöl.) A toothshell, or Dentalium; -- called also tusk-shell. 3. (Carp.) A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in the illustration, a is the tusk, and each of the several parts, or offsets, is called a tooth.\n\nTo bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.]", "tusked": "Furnished with tusks. The tusked boar out of the wood. Milton.", - "tuskegee": null, "tusks": "Same as Torsk.\n\n1. (Zoöl.) One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth. 2. (Zoöl.) A toothshell, or Dentalium; -- called also tusk-shell. 3. (Carp.) A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in the illustration, a is the tusk, and each of the several parts, or offsets, is called a tooth.\n\nTo bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.]", - "tussaud": null, "tussle": "To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.]\n\nA struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]", "tussled": null, "tussles": "To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.]\n\nA struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]", @@ -81047,7 +71834,6 @@ "tussocks": "1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge. Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts. Latimer. 2. (Bot.) Same as Tussock grass, below. 3. (Zoöl.) A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit trees. Called also tussock caterpillar. See Orgyia. Tussock grass. (Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis (D. cæspitosa), valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland Islands. (b) A tufted grass (Aira cæspitosa). (c) Any kind of sedge (Carex) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place. -- Tussock moth (Zoöl.), the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They belong to Orgyia, Halecidota, and allied genera.", "tussocky": "Having the form of tussocks; full of, or covered with, tussocks, or tufts.", "tut": "Be still; hush; -- an exclamation used for checking or rebuking.\n\n1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on it. 2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]", - "tutankhamen": null, "tutelage": "1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as, the king's right of seigniory and tutelage. The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy. Macaulay. 2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed. V. Knox.", "tutelary": "Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as, tutelary goddesses. This, of all advantages, is the greatest . . . the most tutelary of morals. Landor.", "tutor": "One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: -- (a) A treasurer; a keeper. \"Tutour of your treasure.\" Piers Plowman. (b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian. (c) A private or public teacher. (d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline. (e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.\n\n1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct. Their sons are well tutored by you. Shak. 2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity. Addison.", @@ -81058,23 +71844,16 @@ "tutors": "One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: -- (a) A treasurer; a keeper. \"Tutour of your treasure.\" Piers Plowman. (b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian. (c) A private or public teacher. (d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline. (e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.\n\n1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct. Their sons are well tutored by you. Shak. 2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity. Addison.", "tutorship": "The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage. Hooker.", "tuts": "Be still; hush; -- an exclamation used for checking or rebuking.\n\n1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on it. 2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]", - "tutsi": null, "tutted": null, "tutti": "All; -- a direction for all the singers or players to perform together. Moore (Encyc. of Music).", "tutting": null, "tuttis": "All; -- a direction for all the singers or players to perform together. Moore (Encyc. of Music).", "tutu": null, "tutus": null, - "tuvalu": null, - "tuvaluan": null, "tux": null, "tuxedo": "A kind of black coat for evening dress made without skirts; -- so named after a fashionable country club at Tuxedo Park, New York. [U. S.]", "tuxedos": "A kind of black coat for evening dress made without skirts; -- so named after a fashionable country club at Tuxedo Park, New York. [U. S.]", "tuxes": null, - "tv": null, - "tva": null, - "tvs": null, - "twa": null, "twaddle": "To talk a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed; to prate; to prattle. Stanyhurst.\n\nSilly talk; gabble; fustian. I have put in this chapter on fighting . . . because of the cant and twaddle that's talked of boxing and fighting with fists now-a-days. T. Hughes.", "twaddled": null, "twaddler": "One who prates in a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed.", @@ -81100,8 +71879,6 @@ "tweed": "A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two colors, before weaving.", "tweedier": null, "tweediest": null, - "tweedledee": null, - "tweedledum": null, "tweeds": "A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two colors, before weaving.", "tweedy": null, "tween": null, @@ -81141,7 +71918,6 @@ "twigging": null, "twiggy": "Of or pertaining to a twig or twigs; like a twig or twigs; full of twigs; abounding with shoots. \" Twiggy trees.\" Evelyn.", "twigs": "To twitch; to pull; to tweak. [Obs. or Scot.]\n\n1. To understand the meaning of; to comprehend; as, do you twig me [Colloq.] Marryat. 2. To observe slyly; also, to perceive; to discover. \"Now twig him; now mind him.\" Foote. As if he were looking right into your eyes and twigged something there which you had half a mind to conceal. Hawthorne.\n\nA small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no definite length or size. The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside with hides. Sir T. Raleigh. Twig borer (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small beetles which bore into twigs of shrubs and trees, as the apple-tree twig borer (Amphicerus bicaudatus). -- Twig girdler. (Zoöl.) See Girdler, 3. -- Twig rush (Bot.), any rushlike plant of the genus Cladium having hard, and sometimes prickly-edged, leaves or stalks. See Saw grass, under Saw.\n\nTo beat with twigs.", - "twila": null, "twilight": "1. The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun, or when the sun is less than 18º below the horizon, occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth. 2. faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed. As when the sun . . . from behind the moon, In dim eclipse. disastrous twilight sheds. Milton. The twilight of probability. Locke.\n\n1. Seen or done by twilight. Milton. 2. Imperfectly illuminated; shaded; obscure. O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves. Pope.", "twilit": null, "twill": "To weave, as cloth, so as to produce the appearance of diagonal lines or ribs on the surface.\n\n1. An appearance of diagonal lines or ribs produced in textile fabrics by causing the weft threads to pass over one and under two, or over one and under three or more, warp threads, instead of over one and under the next in regular succession, as in plain weaving. 2. A fabric women with a twill. 3. Etym: [Perhaps fr. guill.] A quill, or spool, for yarn.", @@ -81158,7 +71934,6 @@ "twinging": null, "twining": "Winding around something; twisting; embracing; climbing by winding about a support; as, the hop is a twinning plant.\n\nThe act of one who, or that which, twines; (Bot.) the act of climbing spirally.", "twink": "To twinkle. [Obs.]\n\n1. A wink; a twinkling. [Obs.] 2. (Zoöl.) The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]", - "twinkies": null, "twinkle": "1. To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink. The owl fell a moping and twinkling. L' Estrange. 2. To shine with an intermitted or a broken, quavering light; to flash at intervals; to sparkle; to scintillate. These stars not twinkle when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures. Sir I. Newton. The western sky twinkled with stars. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A closing or opening, or a quick motion, of the eye; a wink or sparkle of the eye. Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye, The damsel broke his misintended dart. Spenser. 2. A brief flash or gleam, esp. when rapidly repeated. 3. The time of a wink; a twinkling. Dryden.", "twinkled": null, "twinkles": "1. To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink. The owl fell a moping and twinkling. L' Estrange. 2. To shine with an intermitted or a broken, quavering light; to flash at intervals; to sparkle; to scintillate. These stars not twinkle when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures. Sir I. Newton. The western sky twinkled with stars. Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. A closing or opening, or a quick motion, of the eye; a wink or sparkle of the eye. Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye, The damsel broke his misintended dart. Spenser. 2. A brief flash or gleam, esp. when rapidly repeated. 3. The time of a wink; a twinkling. Dryden.", @@ -81204,7 +71979,6 @@ "twittery": null, "twitting": null, "twixt": null, - "twizzlers": null, "two": "One and one; twice one. \"Two great lights.\" Gen. i. 16. \"Two black clouds.\" Milton. Note: Two is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, consisting of, or having, two parts, divisions, organs, or the like; as two-bladed, two-celled, two-eared, two-flowered, twohand, two-headed, two-horse, two-leafed or two- leaved, two-legged, two-lobed, two-masted, two-named, two-part, two- petaled, two-pronged, two-seeded, two-sided, two-story, two-stringed, two-foothed, two-valved, two-winged, and the like. One or two, a phrase often used indefinitely for a small number.\n\n1. The sum of one; the number next greater than one, and next less than three; two units or objects. 2. A symbol representing two units, as 2, II., or ii. In two, asunder; into parts; in halves; in twain; as, cut in two.", "twofer": null, "twofers": null, @@ -81216,25 +71990,17 @@ "twosome": null, "twosomes": null, "twp": null, - "twx": null, - "tx": null, - "ty": null, - "tycho": null, "tycoon": "The title by which the shogun, or former commander in chief of the Japanese army, was known to foreigners.", "tycoons": "The title by which the shogun, or former commander in chief of the Japanese army, was known to foreigners.", "tying": "p. pr. of Tie.\n\nThe act or process of washing ores in a buddle.", "tyke": "See 2d Tike.", "tykes": "See 2d Tike.", - "tylenol": null, - "tyler": "See 2d Tiler.", "tympani": null, "tympanic": "1. Like a tympanum or drum; acting like a drumhead; as, a tympanic membrane. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tympanum. Tympanic bone (Anat.), a bone of the skull which incloses a part of the tympanum and supports the tympanic membrane. -- Tympanic membrane. (Anat.) See the Note under Ear.\n\nThe tympanic bone.", "tympanist": "One who beats a drum. [R.]", "tympanists": "One who beats a drum. [R.]", "tympanum": "1. (Anat.) (a) The ear drum, or middle ear. Sometimes applied incorrectly to the tympanic membrane. See Ear. (b) A chamber in the anterior part of the syrinx of birds. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the naked, inflatable air sacs on the neck of the prairie chicken and other species of grouse. 3. (Arch.) (a) The recessed face of a pediment within the frame made by the upper and lower cornices, being usually a triangular space or table. (b) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch. 4. (Mech.) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged, -- used for raising water, as for irrigation.", "tympanums": "1. (Anat.) (a) The ear drum, or middle ear. Sometimes applied incorrectly to the tympanic membrane. See Ear. (b) A chamber in the anterior part of the syrinx of birds. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the naked, inflatable air sacs on the neck of the prairie chicken and other species of grouse. 3. (Arch.) (a) The recessed face of a pediment within the frame made by the upper and lower cornices, being usually a triangular space or table. (b) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch. 4. (Mech.) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged, -- used for raising water, as for irrigation.", - "tyndale": null, - "tyndall": null, "type": "1. The mark or impression of something; stamp; impressed sign; emblem. The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered breeches, and those types of travel. Shak. 2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance. Thy father bears the type of king of Naples. Shak. 3. A figure or representation of something to come; a token; a sign; a symbol; -- correlative to antitype. A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be actually exhibited. South. 4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the representative. Specifically: (a) (Biol.) A general form or structure common to a number of individuals; hence, the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group, combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a species, genus, or other group. Also, a group or division of animals having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body maintained within the group. Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main divisions or types. Haeckel. (b) (Fine Arts) The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on the face of a medal or a coin. (c) (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from which they may be actually or theoretically derived. Note: The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, HCl; water, H2O; ammonia, NH3; and methane, CH4. 5. (Typog.) (a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. (b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed. Note: Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are -- Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface. Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two- line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two- line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on, being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer. Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Diamond . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pearl . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Agate . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Nonpareil . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Minion . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Brevier . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Bourgeois . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Long primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Small pica . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pica . . . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz English . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Columbian . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Great primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz The foregoing account is conformed to the designations made use of by American type founders, but is substantially correct for England. Agate, however, is called ruby, in England, where, also, a size intermediate between nonpareil and minion is employed, called emerald. Point system of type bodies (Type Founding), a system adopted by the type founders of the United States by which the various sizes of type have been so modified and changed that each size bears an exact proportional relation to every other size. The system is a modification of a French system, and is based on the pica body. This pica body is divided into twelfths, which are termed \"points,\" and every type body consist of a given number of these points. Many of the type founders indicate the new sizes of type by the number of points, and the old names are gradually being done away with. By the point system type founders cast type of a uniform size and height, whereas formerly fonts of pica or other type made by different founders would often vary slightly so that they could not be used together. There are no type in actual use corresponding to the smaller theoretical sizes of the point system. In some cases, as in that of ruby, the term used designates a different size from that heretofore so called. 1 American 9 Bourgeois | | 1| 2 Saxon 10 Long Primer | | 2| 3 Brilliant 11 Small Pica | | 3| | 4 Excelsior | 4| | 5 Pearl 16 Columbian | | 5| 6 Nonpareil 18 Great Primer | | 7 Minion | 8 Brevier 20 Paragon | | Diagram of the \"points\" by which sizes of Type are graduated in the \"Point System\". Type founder, one who casts or manufacture type. -- Type foundry, Type foundery, a place for the manufacture of type. -- Type metal, an alloy used in making type, stereotype plates, etc., and in backing up electrotype plates. It consists essentially of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper. -- Type wheel, a wheel having raised letters or characters on its periphery, and used in typewriters, printing telegraphs, etc. -- Unity of type (Biol.), that fundamental agreement in structure which is seen in organic beings of the same class, and is quite independent of their habits of life. Darwin.\n\n1. To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure. [R.] White (Johnson). 2. To furnish an expression or copy of; to represent; to typify. [R.] Let us type them now in our own lives. Tennyson.", "typecast": null, "typecasting": null, @@ -81301,38 +72067,18 @@ "tyranny": "1. The government or authority of a tyrant; a country governed by an absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary or despotic exercise of power; exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of government. \"Sir,\" would he [Seneca] say, \"an emperor mote need Be virtuous and hate tyranny.\" Chaucer. 2. Cruel government or discipline; as, the tyranny of a schoolmaster. 3. Severity; rigor; inclemency. The tyranny of the open night's too rough For nature to endure. Shak.", "tyrant": "1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution; a usurper of sovereignty. Note: Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute power in a state were called ty\\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; - - for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott. 2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. \"This false tyrant, this Nero.\" Chaucer. Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a tyrant. Sir P. Sidney. 3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds belonging to the family Tyrannidæ; -- called also tyrant bird. Note: These birds are noted for their irritability and pugnacity, and for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are familiar examples. Tyrant flycatcher (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip, and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubineus) are examples. -- Tyrant shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of American tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example.\n\nTo act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.] Fuller.", "tyrants": "1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution; a usurper of sovereignty. Note: Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute power in a state were called ty\\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; - - for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott. 2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. \"This false tyrant, this Nero.\" Chaucer. Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a tyrant. Sir P. Sidney. 3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds belonging to the family Tyrannidæ; -- called also tyrant bird. Note: These birds are noted for their irritability and pugnacity, and for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are familiar examples. Tyrant flycatcher (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip, and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubineus) are examples. -- Tyrant shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of American tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example.\n\nTo act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.] Fuller.", - "tyre": "Curdled milk. [India]\n\nAttire. See 2d and 3d Tire. [Obs.]\n\nTo prey. See 4th Tire. [Obs.]", - "tyree": null, "tyro": "A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice. [Written also tiro.] The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult. Cowper.", - "tyrolean": null, - "tyrone": null, "tyros": "A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice. [Written also tiro.] The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult. Cowper.", - "tyson": null, "tzatziki": null, "u": "U, the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 130-144.", - "uar": null, - "uaw": null, - "ubangi": null, "ubiquitous": "Existing or being everywhere, or in all places, at the same time; omnipresent. -- U*biq\"ui*tous*ly, adv. In this sense is he ubiquitous. R. D. Hitchcock.", "ubiquitously": null, "ubiquity": "1. Existence everywhere, or in places, at the same time; omnipresence; as, the ubiquity of God is not disputed by those who admit his existence. The arms of Rome . . . were impeded by . . . the wide spaces to be traversed and the ubiquity of the enemy. C. Merivale. 2. (Theol.) The doctrine, as formulated by Luther, that Christ's glorified body is omnipresent.", - "ubs": null, - "ubuntu": null, - "ucayali": null, - "uccello": null, - "ucla": null, - "udall": null, "udder": "1. (Anat.) The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; -- popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma. A lioness, with udders all drawn dry. Shak. 2. One of the breasts of a woman. [R.] Yon Juno of majestic size, With cowlike udders, and with oxlike eyes. Pope.", "udders": "1. (Anat.) The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; -- popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma. A lioness, with udders all drawn dry. Shak. 2. One of the breasts of a woman. [R.] Yon Juno of majestic size, With cowlike udders, and with oxlike eyes. Pope.", - "ufa": null, - "ufo": null, "ufologist": null, "ufologists": null, "ufology": null, - "ufos": null, - "uganda": null, - "ugandan": null, - "ugandans": null, "ugh": "An exclamation expressive of disgust, horror, or recoil. Its utterance is usually accompanied by a shudder.", "uglier": null, "ugliest": null, @@ -81340,17 +72086,10 @@ "ugly": "1. Offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; being of disagreeable or loathsome aspect; unsightly; repulsive; deformed. The ugly view of his deformed crimes. Spenser. Like the toad, ugly and venomous. Shak. O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams. Shak. 2. Ill-natured; crossgrained; quarrelsome; as, an ugly temper; to feel ugly. [Colloq. U. S.] 3. Unpleasant; disagreeable; likely to cause trouble or loss; as, an ugly rumor; an ugly customer. [Colloq.]\n\nA shade for the face, projecting from the bonnet. [Colloq. Eng.] C. Kingsley.\n\nTo make ugly. [R.] Richardson.", "uh": null, "uhf": null, - "uighur": null, - "ujungpandang": null, - "uk": null, "ukase": "In Russia, a published proclamation or imperial order, having the force of law.", "ukases": "In Russia, a published proclamation or imperial order, having the force of law.", - "ukraine": null, - "ukrainian": null, - "ukrainians": null, "ukulele": null, "ukuleles": null, - "ul": null, "ulcer": "1. (Med.) A solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, discharging purulent matter, found on a surface, especially one of the natural surfaces of the body, and originating generally in a constitutional disorder; a sore discharging pus. It is distinguished from an abscess, which has its beginning, at least, in the depth of the tissues. 2. Fig.: Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character. Cold ulcer (Med.), an ulcer on a finger or toe, due to deficient circulation and nutrition. In such cases the extremities are cold.\n\nTo ulcerate. [R.] Fuller.", "ulcerate": "To be formed into an ulcer; to become ulcerous.\n\nTo affect with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers. Harvey.", "ulcerated": "Affected with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers; as, an ulcerated sore throat.", @@ -81387,7 +72126,6 @@ "ultrasonically": null, "ultrasound": null, "ultrasounds": null, - "ultrasuede": null, "ultraviolet": "Lying outside the visible spectrum at its violet end; -- said of rays more refrangible than the extreme violet rays of the spectrum.", "ululate": "To howl, as a dog or a wolf; to wail; as, ululating jackals. Sir T. Herbert.", "ululated": null, @@ -81395,8 +72133,6 @@ "ululating": null, "ululation": "A howling, as of a dog or wolf; a wailing. He may fright others with his ululation. Wither.", "ululations": "A howling, as of a dog or wolf; a wailing. He may fright others with his ululation. Wither.", - "ulyanovsk": null, - "ulysses": null, "um": null, "umbel": "A kind of flower cluster in which the flower stalks radiate from a common point, as in the carrot and milkweed. It is simple or compound; in the latter case, each peduncle bears another little umbel, called umbellet, or umbellule.", "umbels": "A kind of flower cluster in which the flower stalks radiate from a common point, as in the carrot and milkweed. It is simple or compound; in the latter case, each peduncle bears another little umbel, called umbellet, or umbellule.", @@ -81409,7 +72145,6 @@ "umbras": "1. (Astron.) (a) The conical shadow projected from a planet or satellite, on the side opposite to the sun, within which a spectator could see no portion of the sun's disk; -- used in contradistinction from penumbra. See Penumbra. (b) The central dark portion, or nucleus, of a sun spot. (c) The fainter part of a sun spot; -- now more commonly called penumbra. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of sciænoid food fishes of the genus Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is highly esteemed as a market fish; -- called also ombre, and umbrine. Umbra tree (Bot.), a tree (Phytolacca diocia) of the same genus as pokeweed. It is native of South America, but is now grown in southern Europe. It has large dark leaves, and a somber aspect. The juice of its berries is used for coloring wine. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).", "umbrella": "1. A shade, screen, or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed of silk, cotton, or other fabric, extended on strips of whalebone, steel, or other elastic material, inserted, or fastened to, a rod or stick by means of pivots or hinges, in such a way as to allow of being opened and closed with ease. See Parasol. Underneath the umbrella's oily shed. Gay. 2. (Zoöl.) The umbrellalike disk, or swimming bell, of a jellyfish. 3. (Zoöl.) Any marine tectibranchiate gastropod of the genus Umbrella, having an umbrella-shaped shell; -- called also umbrella shell. Umbrella ant (Zoöl.), the sauba ant; -- so called because it carries bits of leaves over its back when foraging. Called also parasol ant. -- Umbrella bird (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Cephalopterus ornatus) of the family Cotingidæ. It is black, with a large handsome crest consisting of a mass of soft, glossy blue feathers curved outward at the tips. It also has a cervical plume consisting of a long, cylindrical dermal process covered with soft hairy feathers. Called also dragoon bird. -- Umbrella leaf (Bot.), an American perennial herb (Dyphylleia cymosa), having very large peltate and lobed radical leaves. -- Umbrella shell. (Zoöl.) See Umbrella, 3. -- Umbrella tree (Bot.), a kind of magnolia (M. Umbrella) with the large leaves arranged in umbrellalike clusters at the ends of the branches. It is a native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Other plants in various countries are called by this name, especially a kind of screw pine (Pandanus odoratissimus).", "umbrellas": "1. A shade, screen, or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed of silk, cotton, or other fabric, extended on strips of whalebone, steel, or other elastic material, inserted, or fastened to, a rod or stick by means of pivots or hinges, in such a way as to allow of being opened and closed with ease. See Parasol. Underneath the umbrella's oily shed. Gay. 2. (Zoöl.) The umbrellalike disk, or swimming bell, of a jellyfish. 3. (Zoöl.) Any marine tectibranchiate gastropod of the genus Umbrella, having an umbrella-shaped shell; -- called also umbrella shell. Umbrella ant (Zoöl.), the sauba ant; -- so called because it carries bits of leaves over its back when foraging. Called also parasol ant. -- Umbrella bird (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Cephalopterus ornatus) of the family Cotingidæ. It is black, with a large handsome crest consisting of a mass of soft, glossy blue feathers curved outward at the tips. It also has a cervical plume consisting of a long, cylindrical dermal process covered with soft hairy feathers. Called also dragoon bird. -- Umbrella leaf (Bot.), an American perennial herb (Dyphylleia cymosa), having very large peltate and lobed radical leaves. -- Umbrella shell. (Zoöl.) See Umbrella, 3. -- Umbrella tree (Bot.), a kind of magnolia (M. Umbrella) with the large leaves arranged in umbrellalike clusters at the ends of the branches. It is a native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Other plants in various countries are called by this name, especially a kind of screw pine (Pandanus odoratissimus).", - "umbriel": null, "umiak": null, "umiaks": null, "umlaut": "The euphonic modification of a root vowel sound by the influence of a, u, or especially i, in the syllable which formerly followed. Note: It is peculiar to the Teutonic languages, and was common in Anglo-Saxon. In German the umlauted vowels resulting from a, o, u, followed by old i, are written ä, ö, ü, or ae, oe, ue; as, männer or maenner, men, from mann, man. Examples of forms resulting from umlaut in English are geese pl. of goose, men pl. of man, etc.", @@ -81424,7 +72159,6 @@ "umps": null, "umpteen": "An indefinite number, usu. more than ten and less than one hundred; a lot. Often used hyperbolically, and usually expressing the notion of more than the usual number or more than I would like; -- \"I've told you umpteen times not to do that.\" umpteenth. Ordinal of umpteen, with corresponding signification.", "umpteenth": null, - "un": null, "unabashed": null, "unabashedly": null, "unabated": null, @@ -82052,7 +72786,6 @@ "underwire": null, "underwired": null, "underwires": null, - "underwood": "Small trees and bushes that grow among large trees; coppice; underbrush; -- formerly used in the plural. Shrubs and underwoods look well enough while they grow within the shade of oaks and cedars. Addison.", "underworld": "1. The lower of inferior world; the world which is under the heavens; the earth. That overspreads (with such a reverence) This underworld. Daniel. 2. The mythological place of departed souls; Hades. 3. The portion of the world which is below the horizon; the opposite side of the world; the antipodes. [R.] Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld. Tennyson. 4. The inferior part of mankind. [R.] Atterbury.", "underworlds": "1. The lower of inferior world; the world which is under the heavens; the earth. That overspreads (with such a reverence) This underworld. Daniel. 2. The mythological place of departed souls; Hades. 3. The portion of the world which is below the horizon; the opposite side of the world; the antipodes. [R.] Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld. Tennyson. 4. The inferior part of mankind. [R.] Atterbury.", "underwrite": "1. To write under something else; to subscribe. What addition and change I have made I have here underwritten. Bp. Sanderson. 2. To subscribe one's name to for insurance, especially for marine insurance; to write one's name under, or set one's name to, as a policy of insurance, for the purpose of becoming answerable for loss or damage, on consideration of receiving a certain premium per cent; as, individuals, as well as companies, may underwrite policies of insurance. B. Jonson. The broker who procures the insurance ought not, by underwriting the policy, to deprive the parties of his unbiased testimony. Marshall.\n\nTo practice the business of insuring; to take a risk of insurance on a vessel or the like.", @@ -82170,7 +72903,6 @@ "unequivocally": null, "unerring": "Committing no mistake; incapable or error or failure certain; sure; unfailing; as, the unerring wisdom of God. Hissing in air the unerring weapon flew. Dryden.", "unerringly": "In an unerring manner.", - "unesco": null, "unessential": "1. Not essential; not of prime importance; not indispensable; unimportant. Addison. 2. Void of essence, or real being. [R.] Milton.\n\nSomething not constituting essence, or something which is not of absolute necessity; as, forms are among the unessentials of religion.", "unethical": null, "unethically": null, @@ -82309,7 +73041,6 @@ "ungainliest": null, "ungainliness": "The state or quality of being ungainly; awkwardness.", "ungainly": "1. Not gainly; not expert or dexterous; clumsy; awkward; uncouth; as, an ungainly strut in walking. His ungainly figure and eccentric manners. Macaulay. 2. Unsuitable; unprofitable. [Obs.] Hammond.\n\nIn an ungainly manner.", - "ungava": null, "ungenerous": "Not generous; illiberal; ignoble; unkind; dishonorable. The victor never will impose on Cato Ungenerous terms. Addison.", "ungentle": "Not gentle; lacking good breeding or delicacy; harsh. Vicious, ungentle, foolish, blunt, unkind. Shak. That ungentle flavor which distinguishes nearly all our native and uncultivated grapes. Hawthorne. -- Un*gen\"tle*ness, n. -- Un*gen\"tly, adv.", "ungentlemanly": null, @@ -82402,9 +73133,7 @@ "unhygienic": null, "uni": null, "unicameral": "Having, or consisting of, a single chamber; -- said of a legislative assembly. [R.] F. Lieber.", - "unicef": null, "unicellular": "Having, or consisting of, but a single cell; as, a unicellular organism.", - "unicode": null, "unicorn": "1. A fabulous animal with one horn; the monoceros; -- often represented in heraldry as a supporter. 2. A two-horned animal of some unknown kind, so called in the Authorized Version of the Scriptures. Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow Job xxxix. 10. Note: The unicorn mentioned in the Scripture was probably the urus. See the Note under Reem. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large beetle having a hornlike prominence on the head or prothorax. (b) The larva of a unicorn moth. 4. (Zoöl.) The kamichi; -- called also unicorn bird. 5. (Mil.) A howitzer. [Obs.] Fossil unicorn, or Fossil unicorn's horn (Med.), a substance formerly of great repute in medicine; -- named from having been supposed to be the bone or the horn of the unicorn. -- Unicorn fish, Unicorn whale (Zoöl.), the narwhal. -- Unicorn moth (Zoöl.), a notodontian moth (Coelodasys unicornis) whose caterpillar has a prominent horn on its back; -- called also unicorn prominent. -- Unicorn root (Bot.), a name of two North American plants, the yellow-flowered colicroot (Aletris farinosa) and the blazing star (Chamælirium luteum). Both are used in medicine. -- Unicorn shell (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine gastropods having a prominent spine on the lip of the shell. Most of them belong to the genera Monoceros and Leucozonia.", "unicorns": "1. A fabulous animal with one horn; the monoceros; -- often represented in heraldry as a supporter. 2. A two-horned animal of some unknown kind, so called in the Authorized Version of the Scriptures. Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow Job xxxix. 10. Note: The unicorn mentioned in the Scripture was probably the urus. See the Note under Reem. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large beetle having a hornlike prominence on the head or prothorax. (b) The larva of a unicorn moth. 4. (Zoöl.) The kamichi; -- called also unicorn bird. 5. (Mil.) A howitzer. [Obs.] Fossil unicorn, or Fossil unicorn's horn (Med.), a substance formerly of great repute in medicine; -- named from having been supposed to be the bone or the horn of the unicorn. -- Unicorn fish, Unicorn whale (Zoöl.), the narwhal. -- Unicorn moth (Zoöl.), a notodontian moth (Coelodasys unicornis) whose caterpillar has a prominent horn on its back; -- called also unicorn prominent. -- Unicorn root (Bot.), a name of two North American plants, the yellow-flowered colicroot (Aletris farinosa) and the blazing star (Chamælirium luteum). Both are used in medicine. -- Unicorn shell (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine gastropods having a prominent spine on the lip of the shell. Most of them belong to the genera Monoceros and Leucozonia.", "unicycle": null, @@ -82427,7 +73156,6 @@ "unilateral": "1. Being on one side only; affecting but one side; one-sided. 2. (Biol.) Pertaining to one side; one-sided; as, a unilateral raceme, in which the flowers grow only on one side of a common axis, or are all turned to one side. Unilateral contract (Law), a contract or engagement requiring future action only by one party.", "unilateralism": null, "unilaterally": null, - "unilever": null, "unimaginable": null, "unimaginably": null, "unimaginative": null, @@ -82490,23 +73218,16 @@ "unionizes": null, "unionizing": null, "unions": "1. The act of uniting or joining two or more things into one, or the state of being united or joined; junction; coalition; combination. Note: Union differs from connection, as it implies that the bodies are in contact, without an interconnected by the in 2. Agreement and conjunction of mind, spirit, will, affections, or the like; harmony; concord. 3. That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league; as, the weavers have formed a union; trades unions have become very numerous; the United States of America are often called the Union. A. Hamilton. 4. A textile fabric composed of two or more materials, as cotton, silk, wool, etc., woven together. 5. A large, fine pearl. [Obs.] If they [pearls] be white, great, round, smooth, and weighty . . . our dainties and delicates here at Rome . . . call them unions, as a man would say \"singular,\" and by themselves alone. Holland. In the cup an union shall he throw, Richer than that which four successive kings In Denmark's crown have worn. Shak. 6. A device emblematic of union, used on a national flag or ensign, sometimes, as in the military standard of Great Britain, covering the whole field; sometimes, as in the flag of the United States, and the English naval and marine flag, occupying the upper inner corner, the rest of the flag being called the fly. Also, a flag having such a device; especially, the flag of Great Britain. Note: The union of the United States ensign is a cluster of white stars, denoting the union of the States, and, properly, equal in number to that of the States, displayed on a blue field; the fly being composed of alternate stripes of red and white. The union of the British ensign is the three crosses of St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick in combination, denoting the union of England, Scotland and Ireland, displayed on a blue field in the national banner used on shore, on a red, white, or blue field in naval ensigns, and with a white border or fly in the merchant service. 7. (Mach.) A joint or other connection uniting parts of machinery, or the like, as the elastic pipe of a tender connecting it with the feed pipe of a locomotive engine; especially, a pipe fitting for connecting pipes, or pipes and fittings, in such a way as to facilitate disconnection. 8. (Brewing) A cask suspended on trunnions, in which fermentation is carried on. Hypostatic union (Theol.) See under Hypostatic. -- Latin union. See under Latin. -- Legislative Union (Eng. Hist.), the union of Great Britain and Ireland, which took place Jan. 1, 1801. -- Union, or Act of Union (Eng. Hist.), the act by which Scotland was united to England, or by which the two kingdoms were incorporated into one, in 1707. -- Union by the first, or second, intention. (Surg.) See To heal by the first, or second, intention, under Intention. -- Union down (Naut.), a signal of distress at sea made by reversing the flag, or turning its union downward. -- Union jack. (Naut.) See Jack, n., 10. -- Union joint. (Mech.) (a) A joint formed by means of a union. (b) A piece of pipe made in the form of the letter T. Syn. -- Unity; junction; connection; concord; alliance; coalition; combination; confederacy. -- Union, Unity. Union is the act of bringing two or more things together so as to make but one, or the state of being united into one. Unity is a state of simple oneness, either of essence, as the unity of God, or of action, feeling, etc., as unity of design, of affection, etc. Thus, we may speak of effecting a union of interests which shall result in a unity of labor and interest in securing a given object. One kingdom, joy, and union without end. Milton. [Man] is to . . . beget Like of his like, his image multiplied. In unity defective; which requires Collateral love, and dearest amity. Milton.", - "uniontown": null, "unique": "Being without a like or equal; unmatched; unequaled; unparalleled; single in kind or excellence; sole. -- U*nique\"ly, adv. -- U*nique\"ness, n.\n\nA thing without a like; something unequaled or unparalleled. [R.] The phenix, the unique pf birds. De Quincey.", "uniquely": null, "uniqueness": null, "uniquer": null, "uniquest": null, - "uniroyal": null, "unis": null, "unisex": null, "unison": "1. Harmony; agreement; concord; union. 2. (Mus.) Identity in pitch; coincidence of sounds proceeding from an equality in the number of vibrations made in a given time by two or more sonorous bodies. Parts played or sung in octaves are also said to be in unison, or in octaves. Note: If two cords of the same substance have equal length, thickness, and tension, they are said to be in unison, and their sounds will be in unison. Sounds of very different qualities and force may be in unison, as the sound of a bell may be in unison with a sound of a flute. Unison, then, consists in identity of pitch alone, irrespective of quality of sound, or timbre, whether of instruments or of human voices. A piece or passage is said to be sung or played in unison when all the voices or instruments perform the same part, in which sense unison is contradistinguished from harmony. 3. A single, unvaried. [R.] Pope. In unison, in agreement; agreeing in tone; in concord.\n\n1. Sounding alone. [Obs.] [sounds] intermixed with voice, Choral or unison. Milton. 2. (Mus.) Sounded alike in pitch; unisonant; unisonous; as, unison passages, in which two or more parts unite in coincident sound.", "unit": "1. A single thing or person. 2. (Arith.) The least whole number; one. Units are the integral parts of any large number. I. Watts. 3. A gold coin of the reign of James I., of the value of twenty shillings. Camden. 4. Any determinate amount or quantity (as of length, time, heat, value) adopted as a standard of measurement for other amounts or quantities of the same kind. 5. (Math.) A single thing, as a magnitude or number, regarded as an undivided whole. Abstract unit, the unit of numeration; one taken in the abstract; the number represented by 1. The term is used in distinction from concrete, or determinate, unit, that is, a unit in which the kind of thing is expressed; a unit of measure or value; as 1 foot, 1 dollar, 1 pound, and the like. -- Complex unit (Theory of Numbers), an imaginary number of the form a + b-1, when a2 + b2 = 1. -- Duodecimal unit, a unit in the scale of numbers increasing or decreasing by twelves. -- Fractional unit, the unit of a fraction; the reciprocal of the denominator; thus, unit of the fraction -- Integral unit, the unit of integral numbers, or 1. -- Physical unit, a value or magnitude conventionally adopted as a unit or standard in physical measurements. The various physical units are usually based on given units of length, mass, and time, and on the density or other properties of some substance, for example, water. See Dyne, Erg, Farad, Ohm, Poundal, etc. -- Unit deme (Biol.), a unit of the inferior order or orders of individuality. -- Unit jar (Elec.), a small, insulated Leyden jar, placed between the electrical machine and a larger jar or battery, so as to announce, by its repeated discharges, the amount of electricity passed into the larger jar. -- Unit of heat (Physics), a determinate quantity of heat adopted as a unit of measure; a thermal unit (see under Thermal). Water is the substance generally employed, the unit being one gram or one pound, and the temperature interval one degree of the Centigrade or Fahrenheit scale. When referred to the gram, it is called the gram degree. The British unit of heat, or thermal unit, used by engineers in England and in the United States, is the quantity of heat necessary to raise one pound of pure water at and near its temperature of greatest density (39.1º Fahr.) through one degree of the Fahrenheit scale. Rankine. -- Unit of illumination, the light of a sperm candle burning 120 grains per hour. Standard gas, burning at the rate of five cubic feet per hour, must have an illuminating power equal to that of fourteen such candles. -- Unit of measure (as of length, surface, volume, dry measure, liquid measure, money, weight, time, and the like), in general, a determinate quantity or magnitude of the kind designated, taken as a standard of comparison for others of the same kind, in assigning to them numerical values, as 1 foot, 1 yard, 1 mile, 1 square foot, 1 square yard, 1 cubic foot, 1 peck, 1 bushel, 1 gallon, 1 cent, 1 ounce, 1 pound, 1 hour, and the like; more specifically, the fundamental unit adopted in any system of weights, measures, or money, by which its several denominations are regulated, and which is itself defined by comparison with some known magnitude, either natural or empirical, as, in the United States, the dollar for money, the pound avoirdupois for weight, the yard for length, the gallon of 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of water at 39.8º Fahr. (about 231 cubic inches) for liquid measure, etc.; in Great Britain, the pound sterling, the pound troy, the yard, or -- Unit of power. (Mach.) See Horse power. -- Unit of resistance. (Elec.) See Resistance, n., 4, and Ohm. -- Unit of work (Physics), the amount of work done by a unit force acting through a unit distance, or the amount required to lift a unit weight through a unit distance against gravitation. See Erg, Foot Pound, Kilogrammeter. -- Unit stress (Mech. Physics), stress per unit of area; intensity of stress. It is expressed in ounces, pounds, tons, etc., per square inch, square foot, or square yard, etc., or in atmospheres, or inches of mercury or water, or the like.", - "unitarian": "1. (Theol.) One who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing that God exists only in one person; a unipersonalist; also, one of a denomination of Christians holding this belief. 2. One who rejects the principle of dualism. 3. A monotheist. [R.] Fleming.\n\nOf or pertaining to Unitarians, or their doctrines.", - "unitarianism": "The doctrines of Unitarians.", - "unitarianisms": "The doctrines of Unitarians.", - "unitarians": "1. (Theol.) One who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing that God exists only in one person; a unipersonalist; also, one of a denomination of Christians holding this belief. 2. One who rejects the principle of dualism. 3. A monotheist. [R.] Fleming.\n\nOf or pertaining to Unitarians, or their doctrines.", "unitary": "1. Of or pertaining to a unit or units; relating to unity; as, the unitary method in arithmetic. 2. Of the nature of a unit; not divided; united. Unitary theory (Chem.), the modern theory that the molecules of all complete compounds are units, whose parts are bound together in definite structure, with mutual and reciprocal influence on each other, and are not mere aggregations of more or less complex groups; -- distinguished from the dualistic theory.", - "unitas": null, "unite": "1. To put together so as to make one; to join, as two or more constituents, to form a whole; to combine; to connect; to join; to cause to adhere; as, to unite bricks by mortar; to unite iron bars by welding; to unite two armies. 2. Hence, to join by a legal or moral bond, as families by marriage, nations by treaty, men by opinions; to join in interest, affection, fellowship, or the like; to cause to agree; to harmonize; to associate; to attach. Under his great vicegerent reign abide, United as one individual soul. Milton. The king proposed nothing more than to unite his kingdom in one form of worship. Clarendon. Syn. -- To add; join; annex; attach. See Add.\n\n1. To become one; to be cemented or consolidated; to combine, as by adhesion or mixture; to coalesce; to grow together. 2. To join in an act; to concur; to act in concert; as, all parties united in signing the petition.\n\nUnited; joint; as, unite consent. [Obs.] J. Webster.", "united": "Combined; joined; made one. United Brethren. (Eccl.) See Moravian, n. -- United flowers (Bot.), flowers which have the stamens and pistils in the same flower. -- The United Kingdom, Great Britain and Ireland; -- so named since January 1, 1801, when the Legislative Union went into operation. -- United Greeks (Eccl.), those members of the Greek Church who acknowledge the supremacy of the pope; -- called also uniats.", "unitedly": "In an united manner. Dryden.", @@ -82538,8 +73259,6 @@ "universities": null, "university": "1. The universe; the whole. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 2. An association, society, guild, or corporation, esp. one capable of having and acquiring property. [Obs.] The universities, or corporate bodies, at Rome were very numerous. There were corporations of bakers, farmers of the revenue, scribes, and others. Eng. Cyc. 3. An institution organized and incorporated for the purpose of imparting instruction, examining students, and otherwise promoting education in the higher branches of literature, science, art, etc., empowered to confer degrees in the several arts and faculties, as in theology, law, medicine, music, etc. A university may exist without having any college connected with it, or it may consist of but one college, or it may comprise an assemblage of colleges established in any place, with professors for instructing students in the sciences and other branches of learning. The present universities of Europe were, originally, the greater part of them, ecclesiastical corporations, instituted for the education of churchmen . . . What was taught in the greater part of those universities was suitable to the end of their institutions, either theology or something that was merely preparatory to theology. A. Smith. Note: From the Roman words universitas, collegium, corpus, are derived the terms university, college, and corporation, of modern languages; and though these words have obtained modified significations in modern times, so as to indifferently applicable to the same things, they all agree in retaining the fundamental signification of the terms, whatever may have been added to them. There is now no university, college, or corporation, which is not a juristical person in the sense above explained [see def. 2, above]; wherever these words are applied to any association of persons not stamped with this mark, it is an abuse of terms. Eng. Cyc.", "univocal": "1. Having one meaning only; -- contrasted with equivocal. 2. Having unison of sound, as the octave in music. See Unison, n., 2. 3. Having always the same drift or tenor; uniform; certain; regular. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 4. Unequivocal; indubitable. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.\n\n1. (Aristotelian Logic) A generic term, or a term applicable in the same sense to all the species it embraces. 2. A word having but one meaning.", - "unix": null, - "unixes": null, "unjust": "1. Acting contrary to the standard of right; not animated or controlled by justice; false; dishonest; as, an unjust man or judge. 2. Contrary to justice and right; prompted by a spirit of injustice; wrongful; as, an unjust sentence; an unjust demand; an unjust accusation. -- Un*just\"ly, adv. -- Un*just\"ness, n.", "unjustifiable": null, "unjustifiably": null, @@ -83175,7 +73894,6 @@ "untying": null, "untypical": null, "untypically": null, - "unukalhai": null, "unusable": null, "unused": "1. Not used; as, an unused book; an unused apartment. 2. Not habituated; unaccustomed. Unused to bend, impatient of control. Thomson.", "unusual": "Not usual; uncommon; rare; as, an unusual season; a person of unusual grace or erudition. -- Un*u\"su*al*ly, adv. -- Un*u\"su*al*ness, n.", @@ -83260,7 +73978,6 @@ "unzipping": null, "unzips": null, "up": "1. Aloft; on high; in a direction contrary to that of gravity; toward or in a higher place or position; above; -- the opposite of Ant: down. But up or down, By center or eccentric, hard to tell. Milton. 2. Hence, in many derived uses, specifically: -- (a) From a lower to a higher position, literally or figuratively; as, from a recumbent or sitting position; from the mouth, toward the source, of a river; from a dependent or inferior condition; from concealment; from younger age; from a quiet state, or the like; -- used with verbs of motion expressed or implied. But they presumed to go up unto the hilltop. Num. xiv. 44. I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up. Ps. lxxxviii. 15. Up rose the sun, and up rose Emelye. Chaucer. We have wrought ourselves up into this degree of Christian indifference. Atterbury. (b) In a higher place or position, literally or figuratively; in the state of having arisen; in an upright, or nearly upright, position; standing; mounted on a horse; in a condition of elevation, prominence, advance, proficiency, excitement, insurrection, or the like; -- used with verbs of rest, situation, condition, and the like; as, to be up on a hill; the lid of the box was up; prices are up. And when the sun was up, they were scorched. Matt. xiii. 6. Those that were up themselves kept others low. Spenser. Helen was up -- was she Shak. Rebels there are up, And put the Englishmen unto the sword. Shak. His name was up through all the adjoining provinces, even to Italy and Rome; many desiring to see who he was that could withstand so many years the Roman puissance. Milton. Thou hast fired me; my soul's up in arms. Dryden. Grief and passion are like floods raised in little brooks by a sudden rain; they are quickly up. Dryden. A general whisper ran among the country people, that Sir Roger was up. Addison. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate. Longfellow. (c) To or in a position of equal advance or equality; not short of, back of, less advanced than, away from, or the like; -- usually followed by to or with; as, to be up to the chin in water; to come up with one's companions; to come up with the enemy; to live up to engagements. As a boar was whetting his teeth, up comes a fox to him. L'Estrange. (d) To or in a state of completion; completely; wholly; quite; as, in the phrases to eat up; to drink up; to burn up; to sum up; etc.; to shut up the eyes or the mouth; to sew up a rent. Note: Some phrases of this kind are now obsolete; as, to spend up (Prov. xxi. 20); to kill up (B. Jonson). (e) Aside, so as not to be in use; as, to lay up riches; put up your weapons. Note: Up is used elliptically for get up, rouse up, etc., expressing a command or exhortation. \"Up, and let us be going.\" Judg. xix. 28. Up, up, my friend! and quit your books, Or surely you 'll grow double. Wordsworth. It is all up with him, it is all over with him; he is lost. -- The time is up, the allotted time is past. -- To be up in, to be informed about; to be versed in. \"Anxious that their sons should be well up in the superstitions of two thousand years ago.\" H. Spencer. -- To be up to. (a) To be equal to, or prepared for; as, he is up to the business, or the emergency. [Colloq.] (b) To be engaged in; to purpose, with the idea of doing ill or mischief; as, I don't know what he's up to. [Colloq.] -- To blow up. (a) To inflate; to distend. (b) To destroy by an explosion from beneath. (c) To explode; as, the boiler blew up. (d) To reprove angrily; to scold. [Slang] -- To bring up. See under Bring, v. t. -- To come up with. See under Come, v. i. -- To cut up. See under Cut, v. t. & i. -- To draw up. See under Draw, v. t. -- To grow up, to grow to maturity. -- Up anchor (Naut.), the order to man the windlass preparatory to hauling up the anchor. -- Up and down. (a) First up, and then down; from one state or position to another. See under Down, adv. Fortune . . . led him up and down. Chaucer. (b) (Naut.) Vertical; perpendicular; -- said of the cable when the anchor is under, or nearly under, the hawse hole, and the cable is taut. Totten. -- Up helm (Naut.), the order given to move the tiller toward the upper, or windward, side of a vessel. -- Up to snuff. See under Snuff. [Slang] -- What is up What is going on [Slang]\n\n1. From a lower to a higher place on, upon, or along; at a higher situation upon; at the top of. In going up a hill, the knees will be most weary; in going down, the thihgs. Bacon. 2. From the coast towards the interior of, as a country; from the mouth towards the source of, as a stream; as, to journey up the country; to sail up the Hudson. 3. Upon. [Obs.] \"Up pain of death.\" Chaucer.\n\nThe state of being up or above; a state of elevation, prosperity, or the like; -- rarely occurring except in the phrase ups and downs. [Colloq.] Ups and downs, alternate states of elevation and depression, or of prosperity and the contrary. [Colloq.] They had their ups and downs of fortune. Thackeray.\n\nInclining up; tending or going up; upward; as, an up look; an up grade; the up train.", - "upanishads": null, "upbeat": null, "upbeats": null, "upbraid": "1. To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to cast something in the teeth of; -- followed by with or for, and formerly of, before the thing imputed. And upbraided them with their unbelief. Mark xvi. 14. Vet do not Upbraid us our distress. Shak. 2. To reprove severely; to rebuke; to chide. Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done. Matt. xi. 20 How much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedness! Sir P. Sidney. 3. To treat with contempt. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. To object or urge as a matter of reproach; to cast up; -- with to before the person. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. -- To reproach; blame; censure; condemn.\n\nTo utter upbraidings. Pope.\n\nThe act of reproaching; contumely. [Obs.] \" Foul upbraid.\" Spenser.", @@ -83269,7 +73986,6 @@ "upbraids": "1. To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to cast something in the teeth of; -- followed by with or for, and formerly of, before the thing imputed. And upbraided them with their unbelief. Mark xvi. 14. Vet do not Upbraid us our distress. Shak. 2. To reprove severely; to rebuke; to chide. Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done. Matt. xi. 20 How much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedness! Sir P. Sidney. 3. To treat with contempt. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. To object or urge as a matter of reproach; to cast up; -- with to before the person. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. -- To reproach; blame; censure; condemn.\n\nTo utter upbraidings. Pope.\n\nThe act of reproaching; contumely. [Obs.] \" Foul upbraid.\" Spenser.", "upbringing": null, "upbringings": null, - "upc": null, "upchuck": null, "upchucked": null, "upchucking": null, @@ -83281,7 +73997,6 @@ "updater": null, "updates": null, "updating": null, - "updike": null, "updraft": null, "updrafts": null, "upend": "To end up; to set on end, as a cask.", @@ -83310,8 +74025,6 @@ "upholstering": null, "upholsters": "To furnish (rooms, carriages, bedsteads, chairs, etc.) with hangings, coverings, cushions, etc.; to adorn with furnishings in cloth, velvet, silk, etc.; as, to upholster a couch; to upholster a room with curtains.\n\n1. A broker. [Obs.] Caxton. 2. An upholsterer. [Obs.] Strype.", "upholstery": "The articles or goods supplied by upholsterers; the business or work of an upholsterer.", - "upi": null, - "upjohn": null, "upkeep": "The act of keeping up, or maintaining; maintenance. \"Horse artillery . . . expensive in the upkeep.\" Scribner's Mag. Small outlays for repairs or upkeep of buildings. A. R. Colquhoun.", "upland": "1. High land; ground elevated above the meadows and intervals which lie on the banks of rivers, near the sea, or between hills; land which is generally dry; -- opposed to lowland, meadow, marsh, swamp, interval, and the like. 2. The country, as distinguished from the neighborhood of towns. [Obs.]\n\n1. Of or pertaining to uplands; being on upland; high in situation; as, upland inhabitants; upland pasturage. Sometimes, with secure delight The upland hamlets will invite. Milton. 2. Pertaining to the country, as distinguished from the neighborhood of towns; rustic; rude; unpolished. [Obs.] \" The race of upland giants.\" Chapman. Upland moccasin. (Zoöl.) See Moccasin. -- Upland sandpiper, or Upland plover (Zoöl.), a large American sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) much valued as a game bird. Unlike most sandpipers, it frequents fields and uplands. Called also Bartramian sandpiper, Bartram's tattler, field plover, grass plover, highland plover, hillbird, humility, prairie plover, prairie pigeon, prairie snipe, papabote, quaily, and uplander. -- Upland sumach (Bot.), a North American shrub of the genus Rhus (Rhus glabra), used in tanning and dyeing.", "uplands": "1. High land; ground elevated above the meadows and intervals which lie on the banks of rivers, near the sea, or between hills; land which is generally dry; -- opposed to lowland, meadow, marsh, swamp, interval, and the like. 2. The country, as distinguished from the neighborhood of towns. [Obs.]\n\n1. Of or pertaining to uplands; being on upland; high in situation; as, upland inhabitants; upland pasturage. Sometimes, with secure delight The upland hamlets will invite. Milton. 2. Pertaining to the country, as distinguished from the neighborhood of towns; rustic; rude; unpolished. [Obs.] \" The race of upland giants.\" Chapman. Upland moccasin. (Zoöl.) See Moccasin. -- Upland sandpiper, or Upland plover (Zoöl.), a large American sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) much valued as a game bird. Unlike most sandpipers, it frequents fields and uplands. Called also Bartramian sandpiper, Bartram's tattler, field plover, grass plover, highland plover, hillbird, humility, prairie plover, prairie pigeon, prairie snipe, papabote, quaily, and uplander. -- Upland sumach (Bot.), a North American shrub of the genus Rhus (Rhus glabra), used in tanning and dyeing.", @@ -83405,7 +74118,6 @@ "uptick": null, "upticks": null, "uptight": null, - "upton": null, "uptown": "To or in the upper part of a town; as, to go uptown. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nSituated in, or belonging to, the upper part of a town or city; as, a uptown street, shop, etc.; uptown society. [Colloq. U. S.]", "uptrend": null, "upturn": "To turn up; to direct upward; to throw up; as, to upturn the ground in plowing. \"A sea of upturned faces.\" D. Webster. So scented the grim feature, and upturned His nostril wide into the murky air. Milton.", @@ -83416,13 +74128,8 @@ "upwardly": null, "upwards": "1. In a direction from lower to higher; toward a higher place; in a course toward the source or origin; -- opposed to downward; as, to tend or roll upward. I. Watts. Looking inward, we are stricken dumb; looking upward, we speak and prevail. Hooker. 2. In the upper parts; above. Dagon his name, sea monster, upward man, And down ward fish. Milton. 3. Yet more; indefinitely more; above; over. From twenty years old and upward. Num. i. 3. Upward of, or Upwards of, more than; above. I have been your wife in this obedience Upward of twenty years. Shak.", "upwind": "To wind up. Spenser.", - "ur": "The urus.", "uracil": null, - "ural": "Pertaining to, or designating, the Urals, a mountain range between Europe and Asia.", - "urals": "Pertaining to, or designating, the Urals, a mountain range between Europe and Asia.", - "urania": "1. (Class. Myth.) One of the nine Muses, daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne, and patron of astronomy. 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of large, brilliantly colored moths native of the West Indies and South America. Their bright colored and tailed hind wings and their diurnal flight cause them to closely resemble butterflies.", "uranium": "An element of the chromium group, found in certain rare minerals, as pitchblende, uranite, etc., and reduced as a heavy, hard, nickel-white metal which is quite permanent. Its yellow oxide is used to impart to glass a delicate greenish-yellow tint which is accompanied by a strong fluorescence, and its black oxide is used as a pigment in porcelain painting. Symbol U. Atomic weight 239. Note: Uranium was discovered in the state of an oxide by Klaproth in 1789, and so named in honor of Herschel's discovery of the planet Uranus in 1781.", - "uranus": "1. (Gr. Myth.) The son or husband of Gaia (Earth), and father of Chronos (Time) and the Titans. 2. (Astron.) One of the primary planets. It is about 1,800,000,000 miles from the sun, about 36,000 miles in diameter, and its period of revolution round the sun is nearly 84 of our years. Note: This planet has also been called Herschel, from Sir William Herschel, who discovered it in 1781, and who named it Georgium Sidus, in honor of George III., then King of England.", "urban": "1. Of or belonging to a city or town; as, an urban population. 2. Belonging to, or suiting, those living in a city; cultivated; polite; urbane; as, urban manners. Urban servitude. See Predial servitude, under Servitude.", "urbane": "Courteous in manners; polite; refined; elegant.", "urbanely": null, @@ -83439,7 +74146,6 @@ "urbanology": null, "urchin": "1. (Zoöl.) A hedgehog. 2. (Zoöl.) A sea urchin. See Sea urchin. 3. A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form a hedgehog. \"We 'll dress [them] like urchins, ouphes, and fairies.\" Shak. 4. A pert or roguish child; -- now commonly used only of a boy. And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes Forever on watch ran off each with a prize. W. Howitt. You did indeed dissemble, you urchin you; but where's the girl that won't dissemble for an husband Goldsmith. 5. One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders, arranged around a carding drum; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog. Knight. Urchin fish (Zoöl.), a diodon.\n\nRough; pricking; piercing. [R.] \"Helping all urchin blasts.\" Milton.", "urchins": "1. (Zoöl.) A hedgehog. 2. (Zoöl.) A sea urchin. See Sea urchin. 3. A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form a hedgehog. \"We 'll dress [them] like urchins, ouphes, and fairies.\" Shak. 4. A pert or roguish child; -- now commonly used only of a boy. And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes Forever on watch ran off each with a prize. W. Howitt. You did indeed dissemble, you urchin you; but where's the girl that won't dissemble for an husband Goldsmith. 5. One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders, arranged around a carding drum; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog. Knight. Urchin fish (Zoöl.), a diodon.\n\nRough; pricking; piercing. [R.] \"Helping all urchin blasts.\" Milton.", - "urdu": "The language more generally called Hindoostanee.", "urea": "A very soluble crystalline body which is the chief constituent of the urine in mammals and some other animals. It is also present in small quantity in blood, serous fluids, lymph, the liver, etc. Note: It is the main product of the regressive metamorphosis (katabolism) of proteid matter in the body, and is excreted daily to the amount of about 500 grains by a man of average weight. Chemically it is carbamide, CO(NH2)2, and when heated with strong acids or alkalies is decomposed into carbonic acid and ammonia. It unites with acids to form salts, as nitrate of urea, and it can be made synthetically from ammonium cyanate, with which it is isomeric. Urea ferment, a soluble ferment formed by certain bacteria, which, however, yield the ferment from the body of their cells only after they have been killed by alcohol. It causes urea to take up water and decompose into carbonic acid and ammonia. Many different bacteria possess this property, especially Bacterium ureæ and Micrococcus ureæ, which are found abundantly in urines undergoing alkaline fermentation.", "uremia": null, "uremic": null, @@ -83449,7 +74155,6 @@ "urethra": "The canal by which the urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged.", "urethrae": null, "urethral": "Of or pertaining to the urethra. Urethral fever (Med.), fever occurring as a consequence of operations upon the urethra.", - "urey": null, "urge": "1. To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward. Through the thick deserts headlong urged his flight. Pope. 2. To press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or importunity. My brother never Did urge me in his act; I did inquire it. Shak. 3. To provoke; to exasperate. [R.] Urge not my father's anger. Shak. 4. To press hard upon; to follow closely Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave. Pope. 5. To present in an urgent manner; to press upon attention; to insist upon; as, to urge an argument; to urge the necessity of a case. 6. To treat with forcible means; to take severe or violent measures with; as, to urge an ore with intense heat. Syn. -- To animate; incite; impel; instigate; stimulate; encourage.\n\n1. To press onward or forward. [R.] 2. To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.", "urged": null, "urgency": "The quality or condition of being urgent; insistence; pressure; as, the urgency of a demand or an occasion.", @@ -83457,9 +74162,7 @@ "urgently": "In an urgent manner.", "urges": "1. To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward. Through the thick deserts headlong urged his flight. Pope. 2. To press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or importunity. My brother never Did urge me in his act; I did inquire it. Shak. 3. To provoke; to exasperate. [R.] Urge not my father's anger. Shak. 4. To press hard upon; to follow closely Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave. Pope. 5. To present in an urgent manner; to press upon attention; to insist upon; as, to urge an argument; to urge the necessity of a case. 6. To treat with forcible means; to take severe or violent measures with; as, to urge an ore with intense heat. Syn. -- To animate; incite; impel; instigate; stimulate; encourage.\n\n1. To press onward or forward. [R.] 2. To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.", "urging": null, - "uriah": null, "uric": "Of or pertaining to urine; obtained from urine; as, uric acid. Uric acid, a crystalline body, present in small quantity in the urine of man and most mammals. Combined in the form of urate of ammonia, it is the chief constituent of the urine of birds and reptiles, forming the white part. Traces of it are also found in the various organs of the body. It is likewise a common constituent, either as the free acid or as a urate, of urinary or renal calculi and of the so-called gouty concretions. From acid urines, uric acid is frequently deposited, on standing in a cool place, in the form of a reddish yellow sediment, nearly always crystalline. Chemically, it is composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, C5H4N4O3, and by decomposition yields urea, among other products. It can be made synthetically by heating together urea and glycocoll. It was formerly called also lithic acid, in allusion to its occurrence in stone, or calculus.", - "uriel": null, "urinal": "1. A vessel for holding urine; especially, a bottle or tube for holding urine for inspection. 2. A place or convenience for urinating purposes.", "urinals": "1. A vessel for holding urine; especially, a bottle or tube for holding urine for inspection. 2. A place or convenience for urinating purposes.", "urinalyses": null, @@ -83471,9 +74174,6 @@ "urinating": null, "urination": "The act or process of voiding urine; micturition.", "urine": "In mammals, a fluid excretion from the kidneys; in birds and reptiles, a solid or semisolid excretion. Note: In man, the urine is a clear, transparent fluid of an amber color and peculiar odor, with an average density of 1.02. The average amount excreted in 24 hours is from 40 to 60 ounces (about 1,200 cubic centimeters). Chemically, the urine is mainly an aqueous solution of urea, salt (sodium chloride), and uric acid, together with some hippuric acid and peculiar pigments. It usually has an acid reaction, owing to the presence of acid phosphates of soda or free uric acid. Normally, it contains about 960 parts of water to 40 parts of solid matter, and the daily average excretion is 35 grams (540 grains) of urea, 0.75 gram (11 grains) of uric acid, and 16.5 grams (260 grains) of salt. Abnormally, it may contain sugar as in diabetes, albumen as in Bright's disease, bile pigments as in jaundice, or abnormal quantities of some one or more of the normal constituents.\n\nTo urinate. [Obs.] Bacon.", - "uris": null, - "url": null, - "urls": null, "urn": "1. A vessel of various forms, usually a vase furnished with a foot or pedestal, employed for different purposes, as for holding liquids, for ornamental uses, for preserving the ashes of the dead after cremation, and anciently for holding lots to be drawn. A rustic, digging in the ground by Padua, found an urn, or earthen pot, in which there was another urn. Bp. Wilkins. His scattered limbs with my dead body burn, And once more join us in the pious urn. Dryden. 2. Fig.: Any place of burial; the grave. Or lay these bones in an unworthy urn, Tombless, with no remembrance over them. Shak. 3. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure of capacity for liquids, containing about three gallons and a haft, wine measure. It was haft the amphora, and four times the congius. 4. (Bot.) A hollow body shaped like an urn, in which the spores of mosses are contained; a spore case; a theca. 5. A tea urn. See under Tea. Urn mosses (Bot.), the order of true mosses; -- so called because the capsules of many kinds are urn- shaped.\n\nTo inclose in, or as in, an urn; to inurn. When horror universal shall descend, And heaven's dark concave urn all human race. Young.", "urns": "1. A vessel of various forms, usually a vase furnished with a foot or pedestal, employed for different purposes, as for holding liquids, for ornamental uses, for preserving the ashes of the dead after cremation, and anciently for holding lots to be drawn. A rustic, digging in the ground by Padua, found an urn, or earthen pot, in which there was another urn. Bp. Wilkins. His scattered limbs with my dead body burn, And once more join us in the pious urn. Dryden. 2. Fig.: Any place of burial; the grave. Or lay these bones in an unworthy urn, Tombless, with no remembrance over them. Shak. 3. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure of capacity for liquids, containing about three gallons and a haft, wine measure. It was haft the amphora, and four times the congius. 4. (Bot.) A hollow body shaped like an urn, in which the spores of mosses are contained; a spore case; a theca. 5. A tea urn. See under Tea. Urn mosses (Bot.), the order of true mosses; -- so called because the capsules of many kinds are urn- shaped.\n\nTo inclose in, or as in, an urn; to inurn. When horror universal shall descend, And heaven's dark concave urn all human race. Young.", "urogenital": "Same as Urinogenital.", @@ -83481,26 +74181,13 @@ "urologist": null, "urologists": null, "urology": "See Uronology.", - "urquhart": null, - "ursa": "Either one of the Bears. See the Phrases below. Ursa Major Etym: [L.], the Great Bear, one of the most conspicuous of the northern constellations. It is situated near the pole, and contains the stars which form the Dipper, or Charles's Wain, two of which are the Pointers, or stars which point towards the North Star. -- Ursa Minor Etym: [L.], the Little Bear, the constellation nearest the north pole. It contains the north star, or polestar, which is situated in the extremity of the tail.", "ursine": "Of or pertaining to a bear; resembling a bear. Ursine baboon. (Zoöl.) See Chacma. -- Ursine dasyure (Zoöl.), the Tasmanian devil. -- Ursine howler (Zoöl.), the araguato. See Illust. under Howler. -- Ursine seal. (Zoöl.) See Sea bear, and the Note under 1st Seal.", - "ursula": "A beautiful North American butterfly (Basilarchia, or Limenitis, astyanax). Its wings are nearly black with red and blue spots and blotches. Called also red-spotted purple.", - "ursuline": "One of an order of nuns founded by St. Angela Merici, at Brescia, in Italy, about the year 1537, and so called from St. Ursula, under whose protection it was placed. The order was introduced into Canada as early as 1639, and into the United States in 1727. The members are devoted entirely to education.\n\nOf or pertaining to St. Ursula, or the order of Ursulines; as, the Ursuline nuns.", "urticaria": "The nettle rash, a disease characterized by a transient eruption of red pimples and of wheals, accompanied with a burning or stinging sensation and with itching; uredo.", - "uruguay": null, - "uruguayan": null, - "uruguayans": null, - "urumqi": null, "us": "The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; -- the objective case of we. See We. \"Tell us a tale.\" Chaucer. Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.", - "usa": null, "usability": null, "usable": "Capable of being used.", - "usaf": null, "usage": "1. The act of using; mode of using or treating; treatment; conduct with respect to a person or a thing; as, good usage; ill usage; hard usage. My brother Is prisoner to the bishop here, at whose hands He hath good usage and great liberty. Shak. 2. Manners; conduct; behavior. [Obs.] A gentle nymph was found, Hight Astery, excelling all the crew In courteous usage. Spenser. 3. Long-continued practice; customary mode of procedure; custom; habitual use; method. Chaucer. It has now been, during many years, the grave and decorous usage of Parliaments to hear, in respectful silence, all expressions, acceptable or unacceptable, which are uttered from the throne. Macaulay. 4. Customary use or employment, as of a word or phrase in a particular sense or signification. 5. Experience. [Obs.] In eld [old age] is both wisdom and usage. Chaucer. Syn. -- Custom; use; habit. -- Usage, Custom. These words, as here compared, agree in expressing the idea of habitual practice; but a custom is not necessarily a usage. A custom may belong to many, or to a single individual. A usage properly belongs to the great body of a people. Hence, we speak of usage, not of custom, as the law of language. Again, a custom is merely that which has been often repeated, so as to have become, in a good degree, established. A usage must be both often repeated and of long standing. Hence, we speak of a \"hew custom,\" but not of a \"new usage.\" Thus, also, the \"customs of society\" is not so strong an expression as the \"usages of society.\" \"Custom, a greater power than nature, seldom fails to make them worship.\" Locke. \"Of things once received and confirmed by use, long usage is a law sufficient.\" Hooker. In law, the words usage and custom are often used interchangeably, but the word custom also has a technical and restricted sense. See Custom, n., 3.", "usages": "1. The act of using; mode of using or treating; treatment; conduct with respect to a person or a thing; as, good usage; ill usage; hard usage. My brother Is prisoner to the bishop here, at whose hands He hath good usage and great liberty. Shak. 2. Manners; conduct; behavior. [Obs.] A gentle nymph was found, Hight Astery, excelling all the crew In courteous usage. Spenser. 3. Long-continued practice; customary mode of procedure; custom; habitual use; method. Chaucer. It has now been, during many years, the grave and decorous usage of Parliaments to hear, in respectful silence, all expressions, acceptable or unacceptable, which are uttered from the throne. Macaulay. 4. Customary use or employment, as of a word or phrase in a particular sense or signification. 5. Experience. [Obs.] In eld [old age] is both wisdom and usage. Chaucer. Syn. -- Custom; use; habit. -- Usage, Custom. These words, as here compared, agree in expressing the idea of habitual practice; but a custom is not necessarily a usage. A custom may belong to many, or to a single individual. A usage properly belongs to the great body of a people. Hence, we speak of usage, not of custom, as the law of language. Again, a custom is merely that which has been often repeated, so as to have become, in a good degree, established. A usage must be both often repeated and of long standing. Hence, we speak of a \"hew custom,\" but not of a \"new usage.\" Thus, also, the \"customs of society\" is not so strong an expression as the \"usages of society.\" \"Custom, a greater power than nature, seldom fails to make them worship.\" Locke. \"Of things once received and confirmed by use, long usage is a law sufficient.\" Hooker. In law, the words usage and custom are often used interchangeably, but the word custom also has a technical and restricted sense. See Custom, n., 3.", - "usb": null, - "uscg": null, - "usda": null, "use": "1. The act of employing anything, or of applying it to one's service; the state of being so employed or applied; application; employment; conversion to some purpose; as, the use of a pen in writing; his machines are in general use. Books can never teach the use of books. Bacon. This Davy serves you for good uses. Shak. When he framed All things to man's delightful use. Milton. 2. Occasion or need to employ; necessity; as, to have no further use for a book. Shak. 3. Yielding of service; advantage derived; capability of being used; usefulness; utility. God made two great lights, great for their use To man. Milton. 'T is use alone that sanctifies expense. Pope. 4. Continued or repeated practice; customary employment; usage; custom; manner; habit. Let later age that noble use envy. Spenser. How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world! Shak. 5. Common occurrence; ordinary experience. [R.] O Cæsar! these things are beyond all use. Shak. 6. (Eccl.) The special form of ritual adopted for use in any diocese; as, the Sarum, or Canterbury, use; the Hereford use; the York use; the Roman use; etc. From henceforth all the whole realm shall have but one use. Pref. to Book of Common Prayer. 7. The premium paid for the possession and employment of borrowed money; interest; usury. [Obs.] Thou art more obliged to pay duty and tribute, use and principal, to him. Jer. Taylor. 8. Etym: [In this sense probably a corruption of OF. oes, fr. L. opus need, business, employment, work. Cf. Operate.] (Law) The benefit or profit of lands and tenements. Use imports a trust and confidence reposed in a man for the holding of lands. He to whose use or benefit the trust is intended shall enjoy the profits. An estate is granted and limited to A for the use of B. 9. (Forging) A stab of iron welded to the side of a forging, as a shaft, near the end, and afterward drawn down, by hammering, so as to lengthen the forging. Contingent, or Springing, use (Law), a use to come into operation on a future uncertain event. -- In use. (a) In employment; in customary practice observance. (b) In heat; -- said especially of mares. J. H. Walsh. -- Of no use, useless; of no advantage. -- Of use, useful; of advantage; profitable. -- Out of use, not in employment. -- Resulting use (Law), a use, which, being limited by the deed, expires or can not vest, and results or returns to him who raised it, after such expiration. -- Secondary, or Shifting, use, a use which, though executed, may change from one to another by circumstances. Blackstone. -- Statute of uses (Eng. Law), the stat. 27 Henry VIII., cap. 10, which transfers uses into possession, or which unites the use and possession. -- To make use of, To put to use, to employ; to derive service from; to use.\n\n1. To make use of; to convert to one's service; to avail one's self of; to employ; to put a purpose; as, to use a plow; to use a chair; to use time; to use flour for food; to use water for irrigation. Launcelot Gobbo, use your legs. Shak. Some other means I have which may be used. Milton. 2. To behave toward; to act with regard to; to treat; as, to use a beast cruelly. \"I will use him well.\" Shak. How wouldst thou use me now Milton. Cato has used me ill. Addison. 3. To practice customarily; to make a practice of; as, to use diligence in business. Use hospitality one to another. 1 Pet. iv. 9. 4. To accustom; to habituate; to render familiar by practice; to inure; -- employed chiefly in the passive participle; as, men used to cold and hunger; soldiers used to hardships and danger. I am so used in the fire to blow. Chaucer. Thou with thy compeers, Used to the yoke, draw'st his triumphant wheels. Milton. To use one's self, to behave. [Obs.] \"Pray, forgive me, if I have used myself unmannerly.\" Shak. -- To use up. (a) To consume or exhaust by using; to leave nothing of; as, to use up the supplies. (b) To exhaust; to tire out; to leave no capacity of force or use in; to overthrow; as, he was used up by fatigue. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Employ. -- Use, Employ. We use a thing, or make use of it, when we derive from it some enjoyment or service. We employ it when we turn that service into a particular channel. We use words to express our general meaning; we employ certain technical terms in reference to a given subject. To make use of, implies passivity in the thing; as, to make use of a pen; and hence there is often a material difference between the two words when applied to persons. To speak of \"making use of another\" generally implies a degrading idea, as if we had used him as a tool; while employ has no such sense. A confidential friend is employed to negotiate; an inferior agent is made use of on an intrigue. I would, my son, that thou wouldst use the power Which thy discretion gives thee, to control And manage all. Cowper. To study nature will thy time employ: Knowledge and innocence are perfect joy. Dryden.\n\n1. To be wont or accustomed; to be in the habit or practice; as, he used to ride daily; -- now disused in the present tense, perhaps because of the similarity in sound, between \"use to,\" and \"used to.\" They use to place him that shall be their captain on a stone. Spenser. Fears use to be represented in an imaginary. Bacon. Thus we use to say, it is the room that smokes, when indeed it is the fire in the room. South. Now Moses used to take the tent and to pitch it without the camp. Ex. xxxiii. 7 (Rev. Ver.) 2. To be accustomed to go; to frequent; to inhabit; to dwell; -- sometimes followed by of. [Obs.] \"Where never foot did use.\" Spenser. He useth every day to a merchant's house. B. Jonson. Ye valleys low, where the mild whispers use Of shades, and wanton winds, and gushing brooks. Milton.", "used": null, "useful": "Full of use, advantage, or profit; producing, or having power to produce, good; serviceable for any end or object; helpful toward advancing any purpose; beneficial; profitable; advantageous; as, vessels and instruments useful in a family; books useful for improvement; useful knowledge; useful arts. To what can I useful! Milton.", @@ -83509,8 +74196,6 @@ "useless": "Having, or being of, no use; unserviceable; producing no good end; answering no valuable purpose; not advancing the end proposed; unprofitable; ineffectual; as, a useless garment; useless pity. Not to sit idle with so great a gift Useless, and thence ridiculous. Milton. Syn. -- Fruitless; ineffectual. -- Useless, Fruitless, Ineffectual. We speak of an attempt, effort, etc., as being useless when there are in it inherent difficulties which forbid the hope of success, as fruitless when it fails, not from any such difficulties, but from some unexpected hindrance arising to frustrate it; as, the design was rendered fruitless by the death of its projector. Ineffectual nearly resembles fruitless, but implies a failure of a less hopeless character; as, after several ineffectual efforts, I at last succeeded. Useless are all words Till you have writ \"performance\" with your swords. The other is for waiving. Beau. & Fl. Waiving all searches into antiquity, in relation to this controversy, as being either needless or fruitless. Waterland. Even our blessed Savior's preaching, who spake as never man spake, was ineffectual to many. Bp. Stillingfleet. -- Use\"less*ly, adv. -- Use\"less*ness, n.", "uselessly": null, "uselessness": null, - "usenet": null, - "usenets": null, "user": "1. One who uses. Shak. 2. (Law) Enjoyment of property; use. Mozley & W.", "username": null, "usernames": null, @@ -83522,16 +74207,7 @@ "usherettes": null, "ushering": null, "ushers": "1. An officer or servant who has the care of the door of a court, hall, chamber, or the like; hence, an officer whose business it is to introduce strangers, or to walk before a person of rank. Also, one who escorts persons to seats in a church, theater, etc. \"The ushers and the squires.\" Chaucer. These are the ushers of Marcius. Shak. Note: There are various officers of this kind attached to the royal household in England, including the gentleman usher of the black rod, who attends in the House of Peers during the sessions of Parliament, and twelve or more gentlemen ushers. See Black rod. 2. An under teacher, or assistant master, in a school.\n\nTo introduce or escort, as an usher, forerunner, or harbinger; to forerun; -- sometimes followed by in or forth; as, to usher in a stranger; to usher forth the guests; to usher a visitor into the room. The stars that usher evening rose. Milton. The Examiner was ushered into the world by a letter, setting forth the great genius of the author. Addison.", - "usia": null, "using": null, - "usmc": null, - "usn": null, - "uso": null, - "usp": null, - "usps": null, - "uss": "The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; -- the objective case of we. See We. \"Tell us a tale.\" Chaucer. Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.", - "ussr": null, - "ustinov": null, "usu": null, "usual": "Such as is in common use; such as occurs in ordinary practice, or in the ordinary course of events; customary; ordinary; habitual; common. Consultation with oracles was a thing very usual and frequent in their times. Hooker. We can make friends of these usual enemies. Baxter. -- U\"su*al*ly, adv. -- U\"su*al*ness, n.", "usually": null, @@ -83546,19 +74222,11 @@ "usurping": null, "usurps": "To seize, and hold in possession, by force, or without right; as, to usurp a throne; to usurp the prerogatives of the crown; to usurp power; to usurp the right of a patron is to oust or dispossess him. Alack, thou dost usurp authority. Shak. Another revolution, to get rid of this illegitimate and usurped government, would of course be perfectly justifiable. Burke. Note: Usurp is applied to seizure and use of office, functions, powers, rights, etc.; it is not applied to common dispossession of private property. Syn. -- To arrogate; assume; appropriate.\n\nTo commit forcible seizure of place, power, functions, or the like, without right; to commit unjust encroachments; to be, or act as, a usurper. The parish churches on which the Presbyterians and fanatics had usurped. Evelyn. And now the Spirits of the Mind Are busy with poor Peter Bell; Upon the rights of visual sense Usurping, with a prevalence More terrible than magic spell. Wordsworth.", "usury": "1. A premium or increase paid, or stipulated to be paid, for a loan, as of money; interest. [Obs. or Archaic] Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother; usury of money, usury of victuals, usury of anything that is lent upon usury. Deut. xxiii. 19. Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchanges, and then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury. Matt. xxv. 27. What he borrows from the ancients, he repays with usury of Dryden. 2. The practice of taking interest. [Obs.] Usury . . . bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into a few Bacon. 3. (Law) Interest in excess of a legal rate charged to a borrower for the use of money. Note: The practice of requiring in repayment of money lent anything more than the amount lent, was formerly thought to be a great moral wrong, and the greater, the more was taken. Now it is not deemed more wrong to take pay for the use of money than for the use of a house, or a horse, or any other property. But the lingering influence of the former opinion, together with the fact that the nature of money makes it easier for the lender to oppress the borrower, has caused nearly all Christian nations to fix by law the rate of compensation for the use of money. Of late years, however, the opinion that money should be borrowed and repaid, or bought and sold, upon whatever terms the parties should agree to, like any other property, has gained ground everywhere. Am. Cyc.", - "ut": "The first note in Guido's musical scale, now usually superseded by do. See Solmization.", - "utah": null, - "utahan": null, - "utahans": null, - "utc": null, - "ute": null, "utensil": "That which is used; an instrument; an implement; especially, an instrument or vessel used in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business. Wagons fraught with utensils of war. Milton.", "utensils": "That which is used; an instrument; an implement; especially, an instrument or vessel used in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business. Wagons fraught with utensils of war. Milton.", "uteri": null, "uterine": "1. Of or instrument to the uterus, or womb. 2. Born of the same mother, but by a different father. Walter Pope, uterine brother to Dr. Joh. WilkiWood.", "uterus": "1. (Anat.) The organ of a female mammal in which the young are developed previous to birth; the womb. Note: The uterus is simply an enlargement of the oviduct, and in the lower mammals there is one on each side, but in the higher forms the two become more or less completely united into one. In many male mammals there is a small vesicle, opening into the urinogenital canal, which corresponds to the uterus of the female and is called the male uterus, or Etym: [NL.] uterus masculinus. 2. (Zoöl.) A receptacle, or pouch, connected with the oviducts of many invertebrates in which the eggs are retained until they hatch or until the embryos develop more or less. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Append.", - "utes": "An extensive tribe of North American Indians of the Shoshone stock, inhabiting Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent regions. They are subdivided into several subordinate tribes, some of which are among the most degraded of North American Indians.", - "utica": "Of, pertaining to, or designating, a subdivision of the Trenton Period of the Lower Silurian, characterized in the State of New York by beds of shale.", "utilitarian": "1. Of or pertaining to utility; consisting in utility; as, utilitarian narrowness; a utilitarian indifference to art. 2. Of or pertaining to utilitarianism; supporting utilitarianism; as, the utilitarian view of morality; the Utilitarian Society. J. S. Mill.\n\nOne who holds the doctrine of utilitarianism. The utilitarians are for merging all the particular virtues into one, and would substitute in their place the greatest usefulness, as the alone principle to which every question respecting the morality of actions should be referred. Chalmers. But what is a utilitarian Simply one who prefers the useful to the useless; and who does not Sir W. Hamilton.", "utilitarianism": "1. The doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the end and aim of all social and political institutions. Bentham. 2. The doctrine that virtue is founded in utility, or that virtue is defined and enforced by its tendency to promote the highest happiness of the universe. J. S. Mill. 3. The doctrine that utility is the sole standard of morality, so that the rectitude of an action is determined by its usefulness.", "utilitarians": "1. Of or pertaining to utility; consisting in utility; as, utilitarian narrowness; a utilitarian indifference to art. 2. Of or pertaining to utilitarianism; supporting utilitarianism; as, the utilitarian view of morality; the Utilitarian Society. J. S. Mill.\n\nOne who holds the doctrine of utilitarianism. The utilitarians are for merging all the particular virtues into one, and would substitute in their place the greatest usefulness, as the alone principle to which every question respecting the morality of actions should be referred. Chalmers. But what is a utilitarian Simply one who prefers the useful to the useless; and who does not Sir W. Hamilton.", @@ -83572,11 +74240,7 @@ "utilizing": null, "utmost": "1. Situated at the farthest point or extremity; farthest out; most distant; extreme; as, the utmost limits of the land; the utmost extent of human knowledge. Spenser. We coasted within two leagues of Antibes, which is the utmost town in France. Evelyn. Betwixt two thieves I spend my utmost breath. Herbert. 2. Being in the greatest or highest degree, quantity, number, or the like; greatest; as, the utmost assiduity; the utmost harmony; the utmost misery or happiness. He shall answer . . . to his utmost peril. Shak. Six or seven thousand is their utmost power. Shak.\n\nThe most that can be; the farthest limit; the greatest power, degree, or effort; as, he has done his utmost; try your utmost. We have tried the utmost of our friends. Shak.", "utopia": "1. An imaginary island, represented by Sir Thomas More, in a work called Utopia, as enjoying the greatest perfection in politics, laws, and the like. See Utopia, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. 2. Hence, any place or state of ideal perfection.", - "utopian": "Of or pertaining to Utopia; resembling Utopia; hence, ideal; chimerical; fanciful; founded upon, or involving, imaginary perfections; as, Utopian projects; Utopian happiness.\n\nAn inhabitant of Utopia; hence, one who believes in the perfectibility of human society; a visionary; an idealist; an optimist. Hooker.", - "utopians": "Of or pertaining to Utopia; resembling Utopia; hence, ideal; chimerical; fanciful; founded upon, or involving, imaginary perfections; as, Utopian projects; Utopian happiness.\n\nAn inhabitant of Utopia; hence, one who believes in the perfectibility of human society; a visionary; an idealist; an optimist. Hooker.", "utopias": "1. An imaginary island, represented by Sir Thomas More, in a work called Utopia, as enjoying the greatest perfection in politics, laws, and the like. See Utopia, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. 2. Hence, any place or state of ideal perfection.", - "utrecht": null, - "utrillo": null, "utter": "1. Outer. \"Thine utter eyen.\" Chaucer. [Obs.] \"By him a shirt and utter mantle laid.\" Chapman. As doth an hidden moth The inner garment fret, not th' utter touch. Spenser. 2. Situated on the outside, or extreme limit; remote from the center; outer. [Obs.] Through utter and through middle darkness borne. Milton. The very utter part pf Saint Adelmes point is five miles from Sandwich. Holinshed. 3. Complete; perfect; total; entire; absolute; as, utter ruin; utter darkness. They . . . are utter strangers to all those anxious thoughts which disquiet mankind. Atterbury. 4. Peremptory; unconditional; unqualified; final; as, an utter refusal or denial. Clarendon. Utter bar (Law), the whole body of junior barristers. See Outer bar, under 1st Outer. [Eng.] -- Utter barrister (Law), one recently admitted as barrister, who is accustomed to plead without, or outside, the bar, as distinguished from the benchers, who are sometimes permitted to plead within the bar. [Eng.] Cowell.\n\n1. To put forth or out; to reach out. [Obs.] How bragly [proudly] it begins to bud, And utter his tender head. Spenser. 2. To dispose of in trade; to sell or vend. [Obs.] Such mortal drugs I have, but Mantua's law Is death to any he that utters them. Shak. They bring it home, and utter it commonly by the name of Newfoundland fish. Abp. Abbot. 3. hence, to put in circulation, as money; to put off, as currency; to cause to pass in trade; -- often used, specifically, of the issue of counterfeit notes or coins, forged or fraudulent documents, and the like; as, to utter coin or bank notes. The whole kingdom should continue in a firm resolution never to receive or utter this fatal coin. Swift. 4. To give public expression to; to disclose; to publish; to speak; to pronounce. \"Sweet as from blest, uttering joy.\" Milton. The words I utter Let none think flattery, for they 'll find 'em truth. Shak. And the last words he uttered called me cruel. Addison. Syn. -- To deliver; give forth; issue; liberate; discharge; pronounce. See Deliver.", "utterance": "1. The act of uttering. Specifically: -- (a) Sale by offering to the public. [Obs.] Bacon. (b) Putting in circulation; as, the utterance of false coin, or of forged notes. (c) Vocal expression; articulation; speech. At length gave utterance to these words. Milton. 2. Power or style of speaking; as, a good utterance. They . . . began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. Acts ii. 4. O, how unlike To that large utterance of the early gods! Keats.\n\nThe last extremity; the end; death; outrance. [Obs.] Annibal forced those captives whom he had taken of our men to skirmish one against another to the utterance. Holland.", "utterances": "1. The act of uttering. Specifically: -- (a) Sale by offering to the public. [Obs.] Bacon. (b) Putting in circulation; as, the utterance of false coin, or of forged notes. (c) Vocal expression; articulation; speech. At length gave utterance to these words. Milton. 2. Power or style of speaking; as, a good utterance. They . . . began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. Acts ii. 4. O, how unlike To that large utterance of the early gods! Keats.\n\nThe last extremity; the end; death; outrance. [Obs.] Annibal forced those captives whom he had taken of our men to skirmish one against another to the utterance. Holland.", @@ -83585,19 +74249,13 @@ "utterly": "In an utter manner; to the full extent; fully; totally; as, utterly ruined; it is utterly vain.", "uttermost": "Extreme; utmost; being; in the farthest, greatest, or highest degree; as, the uttermost extent or end. \"In this uttermost distress.\" Milton.\n\nThe utmost; the highest or greatest degree; the farthest extent. Tennyson. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him. Heb. vii. 25. He cannot have sufficient honor done unto him; but the uttermost we can do, we must. Hooker.", "utters": "1. Outer. \"Thine utter eyen.\" Chaucer. [Obs.] \"By him a shirt and utter mantle laid.\" Chapman. As doth an hidden moth The inner garment fret, not th' utter touch. Spenser. 2. Situated on the outside, or extreme limit; remote from the center; outer. [Obs.] Through utter and through middle darkness borne. Milton. The very utter part pf Saint Adelmes point is five miles from Sandwich. Holinshed. 3. Complete; perfect; total; entire; absolute; as, utter ruin; utter darkness. They . . . are utter strangers to all those anxious thoughts which disquiet mankind. Atterbury. 4. Peremptory; unconditional; unqualified; final; as, an utter refusal or denial. Clarendon. Utter bar (Law), the whole body of junior barristers. See Outer bar, under 1st Outer. [Eng.] -- Utter barrister (Law), one recently admitted as barrister, who is accustomed to plead without, or outside, the bar, as distinguished from the benchers, who are sometimes permitted to plead within the bar. [Eng.] Cowell.\n\n1. To put forth or out; to reach out. [Obs.] How bragly [proudly] it begins to bud, And utter his tender head. Spenser. 2. To dispose of in trade; to sell or vend. [Obs.] Such mortal drugs I have, but Mantua's law Is death to any he that utters them. Shak. They bring it home, and utter it commonly by the name of Newfoundland fish. Abp. Abbot. 3. hence, to put in circulation, as money; to put off, as currency; to cause to pass in trade; -- often used, specifically, of the issue of counterfeit notes or coins, forged or fraudulent documents, and the like; as, to utter coin or bank notes. The whole kingdom should continue in a firm resolution never to receive or utter this fatal coin. Swift. 4. To give public expression to; to disclose; to publish; to speak; to pronounce. \"Sweet as from blest, uttering joy.\" Milton. The words I utter Let none think flattery, for they 'll find 'em truth. Shak. And the last words he uttered called me cruel. Addison. Syn. -- To deliver; give forth; issue; liberate; discharge; pronounce. See Deliver.", - "uv": null, "uveitis": null, "uvula": "The pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate. Note: The term is also applied to a somewhat similar lobe on the under side of the cerebellum and to another on the inner surface of the neck of the bladder.", "uvular": "Of or pertaining to a uvula.", "uvulars": "Of or pertaining to a uvula.", "uvulas": "The pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate. Note: The term is also applied to a somewhat similar lobe on the under side of the cerebellum and to another on the inner surface of the neck of the bladder.", "uxorious": "Excessively fond of, or submissive to, a wife; being a dependent husband. \"Uxorious magistrates.\" Milton. How wouldst thou insult, When I must live uxorious to thy will In perfect thraldom! Milton. -- Uxo*o\"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Ux*o\"ri*ous*ness, n.", - "uzbek": null, - "uzbekistan": null, - "uzi": null, - "uzis": null, "v": "1. V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see U). The letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a consonant (about like English w) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it from it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel UPSILON (see Y), this Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma F (see F), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they took from the Semitic. Etymologically v is most nearly related to u, w, f, b, p; as in vine, wine; avoirdupois, habit, have; safe, save; trover, troubadour, trope. See U, F, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 265; also §§ 155, 169, 178-179, etc. 2. As a numeral, V stands for five, in English and Latin.", - "va": null, "vac": null, "vacancies": null, "vacancy": "1. The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness. All dispositions to idleness or vacancy, even before they are habits, are dangerous. Sir H. Wotton. 2. That which is vacant. Specifically: -- (a) Empty space; vacuity; vacuum. How is't with you, That you do bend your eye on vacancy Shak. (b) An open or unoccupied space between bodies or things; an interruption of continuity; chasm; gap; as, a vacancy between buildings; a vacancy between sentences or thoughts. (c) Unemployed time; interval of leisure; time of intermission; vacation. Time lost partly in too oft idle vacancies given both to schools and universities. Milton. No interim, not a minute's vacancy. Shak. Those little vacancies from toil are sweet. Dryden. (d) A place or post unfilled; an unoccupied office; as, a vacancy in the senate, in a school, etc.", @@ -83615,7 +74273,6 @@ "vacationist": null, "vacationists": null, "vacations": "1. The act of vacating; a making void or of no force; as, the vacation of an office or a charter. 2. Intermission of a stated employment, procedure, or office; a period of intermission; rest; leisure. It was not in his nature, however, at least till years had chastened it, to take any vacation from controversy. Palfrey. Hence, specifically: -(a) (Law) Intermission of judicial proceedings; the space of time between the end of one term and the beginning of the next; nonterm; recess. \"With lawyers in the vacation.\" Shak. (b) The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of an educational institution between terms; holidays; as, the spring vacation. (c) The time when an office is vacant; esp. (Eccl.), the time when a see, or other spiritual dignity, is vacant.", - "vacaville": null, "vaccinate": "To inoculate with the cowpox by means of a virus, called vaccine, taken either directly or indirectly from cows.", "vaccinated": null, "vaccinates": "To inoculate with the cowpox by means of a virus, called vaccine, taken either directly or indirectly from cows.", @@ -83641,8 +74298,6 @@ "vacuumed": null, "vacuuming": null, "vacuums": "1. (Physics) A space entirely devoid of matter (called also, by way of distinction, absolute vacuum); hence, in a more general sense, a space, as the interior of a closed vessel, which has been exhausted to a high or the highest degree by an air pump or other artificial means; as, water boils at a reduced temperature in a vacuum. 2. The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of pressure below that of the atmosphere, in a vessel, as the condenser of a steam engine, which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.; as, a vacuum of 26 inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square inch. Vacuum brake, a kind of continuous brake operated by exhausting the air from some appliance under each car, and so causing the pressure of the atmosphere to apply the brakes. -- Vacuum pan (Technol.), a kind of large closed metallic retort used in sugar making for boiling down sirup. It is so connected with an exhausting apparatus that a partial vacuum is formed within. This allows the evaporation and concentration to take place at a lower atmospheric pressure and hence also at a lower temperature, which largely obviates the danger of burning the sugar, and shortens the process. -- Vacuum pump. Same as Pulsometer, 1. -- Vacuum tube (Phys.), a glass tube provided with platinum electrodes and exhausted, for the passage of the electrical discharge; a Geissler tube. -- Vacuum valve, a safety valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, in order to prevent collapse. -- Torricellian vacuum. See under Torricellian.", - "vader": null, - "vaduz": null, "vagabond": "1. Moving from place to place without a settled habitation; wandering. \"Vagabond exile.\" Shak. 2. Floating about without any certain direction; driven to and fro. To heaven their prayers Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds Blown vagabond or frustrate. Milton. 3. Being a vagabond; strolling and idle or vicious.\n\nOne who wanders from place to place, having no fixed dwelling, or not abiding in it, and usually without the means of honest livelihood; a vagrant; a tramp; hence, a worthless person; a rascal. A fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be. Gen. iv. 12. Note: In English and American law, vagabond is used in bad sense, denoting one who is without a home; a strolling, idle, worthless person. Vagabonds are described in old English statutes as \"such as wake on the night and sleep on the day, and haunt customable taverns and alehouses, and routs about; and no man wot from whence they came, nor whither they go.\" In American law, the term vagrant is employed in the same sense. Cf Rogue, n., 1. Burrill. Bouvier.\n\nTo play the vagabond; to wander like a vagabond; to stroll. On every part my vagabonding sight Did cast, and drown mine eyes in sweet delight. Drummond.", "vagabondage": "The condition of a vagabond; a state or habit of wandering about in idleness; vagrancy.", "vagabonded": null, @@ -83676,9 +74331,6 @@ "val": null, "valance": "1. Hanging drapery for a bed, couch, window, or the like, especially that which hangs around a bedstead, from the bed to the floor. [Written also valence.] Valance of Venice gold in needlework. Shak. 2. The drooping edging of the lid of a trunk. which covers the joint when the lid is closed.\n\nTo furnish with a valance; to decorate with hangings or drapery. His old fringed chair valanced around with party-colored worsted bobs. Sterne.", "valances": "1. Hanging drapery for a bed, couch, window, or the like, especially that which hangs around a bedstead, from the bed to the floor. [Written also valence.] Valance of Venice gold in needlework. Shak. 2. The drooping edging of the lid of a trunk. which covers the joint when the lid is closed.\n\nTo furnish with a valance; to decorate with hangings or drapery. His old fringed chair valanced around with party-colored worsted bobs. Sterne.", - "valarie": null, - "valdez": null, - "valdosta": null, "vale": "A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. \" Make me a cottage in the vale.\" Tennyson. Beyond this vale of tears there is a life above. Montgomery. In those fair vales, by nature formed to please. Harte. Note: Vale is more commonly used in poetry, and valley in prose and common discourse. Syn. -- Valley; dingle; dell; dale.\n\nSee 2d Vail, 3.", "valediction": "A farewell; a bidding farewell. Donne.", "valedictions": "A farewell; a bidding farewell. Donne.", @@ -83688,20 +74340,10 @@ "valedictory": "Bidding farewell; suitable or designed for an occasion of leave-taking; as, a valedictory oration.\n\nA valedictory oration or address spoken at commencement in American colleges or seminaries by one of the graduating class, usually by the leading scholar.", "valence": "The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine, sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of hydrogen is a monad, and has a valence of one; the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and have a valence respectively of two, three, and four. Note: The valence of certain elements varies in different compounds. Valence in degree may extend as high as seven or eight, as in the cases of iodine and osmium respectively. The doctrine of valence has been of fundamental importance in distinguishing the equivalence from the atomic weight, and is an essential factor in explaining the chemical structures of compounds.", "valences": "The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine, sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of hydrogen is a monad, and has a valence of one; the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and have a valence respectively of two, three, and four. Note: The valence of certain elements varies in different compounds. Valence in degree may extend as high as seven or eight, as in the cases of iodine and osmium respectively. The doctrine of valence has been of fundamental importance in distinguishing the equivalence from the atomic weight, and is an essential factor in explaining the chemical structures of compounds.", - "valencia": "A kind of woven fabric for waistcoats, having the weft of wool and the warp of silk or cotton. [Written also valentia.]", - "valencias": "A kind of woven fabric for waistcoats, having the weft of wool and the warp of silk or cotton. [Written also valentia.]", "valencies": null, "valency": "(a) See Valence. (b) A unit of combining power; a so-called bond of affinity.", - "valenti": null, - "valentin": null, "valentine": "1. A sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day. 2. A letter containing professions of love, or a missive of a sentimental, comic, or burlesque character, sent on St. Valentine's Day. St. Valentine's Day, a day sacred to St. Valentine; the 14th of February. It was a very old notion, alluded to by Shakespeare, that on this day birds begin to mate. Hence, perhaps, arose the custom of sending love tokens at that time.", "valentines": "1. A sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day. 2. A letter containing professions of love, or a missive of a sentimental, comic, or burlesque character, sent on St. Valentine's Day. St. Valentine's Day, a day sacred to St. Valentine; the 14th of February. It was a very old notion, alluded to by Shakespeare, that on this day birds begin to mate. Hence, perhaps, arose the custom of sending love tokens at that time.", - "valentino": null, - "valenzuela": null, - "valeria": null, - "valerian": "Any plant of the genus Valeriana. The root of the officinal valerian (V. officinalis) has a strong smell, and is much used in medicine as an antispasmodic. Greek valerian (Bot.), a plant (Polemonium cæruleum) with blue or white flowers, and leaves resembling those of the officinal valerian.", - "valerie": null, - "valery": null, "vales": "A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. \" Make me a cottage in the vale.\" Tennyson. Beyond this vale of tears there is a life above. Montgomery. In those fair vales, by nature formed to please. Harte. Note: Vale is more commonly used in poetry, and valley in prose and common discourse. Syn. -- Valley; dingle; dell; dale.\n\nSee 2d Vail, 3.", "valet": "1. A male waiting servant; a servant who attends on gentleman's person; a body servant. 2. (Man.) A kind of goad or stick with a point of iron. Valet de chambre ( Etym: [F.], a body servant, or personal attendant.", "valeted": null, @@ -83710,7 +74352,6 @@ "valetudinarian": "Of infirm health; seeking to recover health; sickly; weakly; infirm. My feeble health and valetudinarian stomach. Coleridge. The virtue which the world wants is a healthful virtue, not a valetudinarian virtue. Macaulay.\n\nA person of a weak or sickly constitution; one who is seeking to recover health. Valetudinarians must live where they can command and scold. Swift.", "valetudinarianism": "The condition of a valetudinarian; a state of feeble health; infirmity.", "valetudinarians": "Of infirm health; seeking to recover health; sickly; weakly; infirm. My feeble health and valetudinarian stomach. Coleridge. The virtue which the world wants is a healthful virtue, not a valetudinarian virtue. Macaulay.\n\nA person of a weak or sickly constitution; one who is seeking to recover health. Valetudinarians must live where they can command and scold. Swift.", - "valhalla": "1. (Scand. Myth.) The palace of immortality, inhabited by the souls of heroes slain in battle. 2. Fig.: A hall or temple adorned with statues and memorials of a nation's heroes; specifically, the Pantheon near Ratisbon, in Bavaria, consecrated to the illustrious dead of all Germany.", "valiance": "The quality or state of being valiant; bravery; valor. [Obs.] \"His doughty valiance.\" Spenser.", "valiant": "1. Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [Obs.] Walton. 2. Intrepid in danger; courageous; brave. A valiant and most expert gentleman. Shak. And Saul said to David . . . be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord's battles. 1 Sam. xviii. 17. 3. Performed with valor or bravery; heroic. \"Thou bearest the highest name for valiant acts.\" Milton. [The saints] have made such valiant confessions. J. H. Newman. -- Val\"iant*ly, adv. -- Val\"iant*ness, n.", "valiantly": null, @@ -83726,19 +74367,11 @@ "validness": "The quality or state of being valid.", "valise": "A small sack or case, usually of leather, but sometimes of other material, for containing the clothes, toilet articles, etc., of a traveler; a traveling bag; a portmanteau.", "valises": "A small sack or case, usually of leather, but sometimes of other material, for containing the clothes, toilet articles, etc., of a traveler; a traveling bag; a portmanteau.", - "valium": null, - "valiums": null, - "valkyrie": null, - "valkyries": null, - "vallejo": null, - "valletta": null, "valley": "1. The space inclosed between ranges of hills or mountains; the strip of land at the bottom of the depressions intersecting a country, including usually the bed of a stream, with frequently broad alluvial plains on one or both sides of the stream. Also used figuratively. The valley of the shadow of death. Ps. xxiii. 4. Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains. Milton. Note: Deep and narrow valleys with abrupt sides are usually the results of erosion by water, and are called gorges, ravines, cañons, gulches, etc. 2. (Arch.) (a) The place of meeting of two slopes of a roof, which have their plates running in different directions, and form on the plan a reëntrant angle. (b) The depression formed by the meeting of two slopes on a flat roof. Valley board (Arch.), a board for the reception of the lead gutter in the valley of a roof. The valley board and lead gutter are not usual in the United States. -- Valley rafter, or Valley piece (Arch.), the rafter which supports the valley. -- Valley roof (Arch.), a roof having one or more valleys. See Valley, 2, above.", "valleys": "1. The space inclosed between ranges of hills or mountains; the strip of land at the bottom of the depressions intersecting a country, including usually the bed of a stream, with frequently broad alluvial plains on one or both sides of the stream. Also used figuratively. The valley of the shadow of death. Ps. xxiii. 4. Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains. Milton. Note: Deep and narrow valleys with abrupt sides are usually the results of erosion by water, and are called gorges, ravines, cañons, gulches, etc. 2. (Arch.) (a) The place of meeting of two slopes of a roof, which have their plates running in different directions, and form on the plan a reëntrant angle. (b) The depression formed by the meeting of two slopes on a flat roof. Valley board (Arch.), a board for the reception of the lead gutter in the valley of a roof. The valley board and lead gutter are not usual in the United States. -- Valley rafter, or Valley piece (Arch.), the rafter which supports the valley. -- Valley roof (Arch.), a roof having one or more valleys. See Valley, 2, above.", - "valois": null, "valor": "1. Value; worth. [Obs.] \"The valor of a penny.\" Sir T. More. 2. Strength of mind in regard to danger; that quality which enables a man to encounter danger with firmness; personal bravery; courage; prowess; intrepidity. For contemplation he and valor formed. Milton. When valor preys on reason, It eats the sword it fights with. Shak. Fear to do base, unworthy things is valor. B. Jonson. 3. A brave man; a man of valor. [R.] Ld. Lytton. Syn. -- Courage; heroism; bravery; gallantry; boldness; fearlessness. See Courage, and Heroism.", "valorous": "Possessing or exhibiting valor; brave; courageous; valiant; intrepid. -- Val\"or*ous*ly, adv.", "valorously": null, - "valparaiso": null, "valuable": "1. Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; costly; as, a valuable horse; valuable land; a valuable cargo. 2. Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as, a valuable friend; a valuable companion. Valuable consideration (Law), an equivalent or compensation having value given for a thing purchased, as money, marriage, services, etc. Blackstone. Bouvier.\n\nA precious possession; a thing of value, especially a small thing, as an article of jewelry; -- used mostly in the plural. The food and valuables they offer to the gods. Tylor.", "valuables": "1. Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; costly; as, a valuable horse; valuable land; a valuable cargo. 2. Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as, a valuable friend; a valuable companion. Valuable consideration (Law), an equivalent or compensation having value given for a thing purchased, as money, marriage, services, etc. Blackstone. Bouvier.\n\nA precious possession; a thing of value, especially a small thing, as an article of jewelry; -- used mostly in the plural. The food and valuables they offer to the gods. Tylor.", "valuate": null, @@ -83759,7 +74392,6 @@ "valveless": null, "valves": "1. A door; especially, one of a pair of folding doors, or one of the leaves of such a door. Swift through the valves the visionary fair Repassed. Pope. Heavily closed, . . . the valves of the barn doors. Longfellow. 2. A lid, plug, or cover, applied to an aperture so that by its movement, as by swinging, lifting and falling, sliding, turning, or the like, it will open or close the aperture to permit or prevent passage, as of a fluid. Note: A valve may act automatically so as to be opened by the effort of a fluid to pass in one direction, and closed by the effort to pass in the other direction, as a clack valve; or it may be opened or closed by hand or by mechanism, as a screw valve, or a slide valve. 3. (Anat.) One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or retard the flow in the opposite direction; as, the ileocolic, mitral, and semilunar valves. 4. (Bot.) (a) One of the pieces into which a capsule naturally separates when it bursts. (b) One of the two similar portions of the shell of a diatom. (c) A small portion of certain anthers, which opens like a trapdoor to allow the pollen to escape, as in the barberry. 5. (Zoöl.) One of the pieces or divisions of bivalve or multivalve shells. Air valve, Ball valve, Check valve, etc. See under Air. Ball, Check, etc. -- Double-beat valve, a kind of balance valve usually consisting of a movable, open-ended, turban-shaped shell provided with two faces of nearly equal diameters, one above another, which rest upon two corresponding seats when the valve is closed. -- Equilibrium valve. (a) A balance valve. See under Balance. (b) A valve for permitting air, steam, water, etc., to pass into or out of a chamber so as to establish or maintain equal pressure within and without. -- Valve chest (Mach.), a chamber in which a valve works; especially (Steam Engine), the steam chest; -- called in England valve box, and valve casing. See Steam chest, under Steam. -- Valve face (Mach.), that part of the surface of a valve which comes in contact with the valve seat. -- Valve gear, or Valve motion (Steam Engine), the system of parts by which motion is given to the valve or valves for the distribution of steam in the cylinder. For an illustration of one form of valve gear, see Link motion. -- Valve seat. (Mach.) (a) The fixed surface on which a valve rests or against which it presses. (b) A part or piece on which such a surface is formed. -- Valve stem (Mach.), a rod attached to a valve, for moving it. -- Valve yoke (Mach.), a strap embracing a slide valve and connecting it to the valve stem.", "valving": null, - "valvoline": null, "valvular": "1. Of or pertaining to a valve or valves; specifically (Med.), of or pertaining to the valves of the heart; as, valvular disease. 2. Containing valves; serving as a valve; opening by valves; valvate; as, a valvular capsule.", "vamoose": null, "vamoosed": null, @@ -83773,8 +74405,6 @@ "vamps": "To advance; to travel. [Obs.]\n\n1. The part of a boot or shoe above the sole and welt, and in front of the ankle seam; an upper. 2. Any piece added to an old thing to give it a new appearance. See Vamp, v. t.\n\nTo provide, as a shoe, with new upper leather; hence, to piece, as any old thing, with a new part; to repair; to patch; -- often followed by up. I had never much hopes of your vamped play. Swift.", "van": "The front of an army; the first line or leading column; also, the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sailing or in battle. Standards and gonfalons, twixt van and rear, Stream in the air. Milton.\n\nA shovel used in cleansing ore.\n\nTo wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel. Raymond.\n\n1. A light wagon, either covered or open, used by tradesmen and others fore the transportation of goods. [Eng.] 2. A large covered wagon for moving furniture, etc., also for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition. 3. A close railway car for baggage. See the Note under Car, 2. [Eng.]\n\n1. A fan or other contrivance, as a sieve, for winnowing grain. 2. Etym: [OF. vanne, F. vanneau beam feather (cf. It. vanno a wing) fr. L. vannus. See Etymology above.] A wing with which the air is beaten. [Archaic] \"[/Angels] on the air plumy vans received him. \" Milton. He wheeled in air, and stretched his vans in vain; His vans no longer could his flight sustain. Dryden.\n\nTo fan, or to cleanse by fanning; to winnow. [Obs.] Bacon.", "vanadium": "A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties. Sumbol V (or Vd, rarely). Atomic weight 51.2.", - "vance": null, - "vancouver": null, "vandal": "1. (Anc. Hist.) One of a Teutonic race, formerly dwelling on the south shore of the Baltic, the most barbarous and fierce of the northern nations that plundered Rome in the 5th century, notorious for destroying the monuments of art and literature. 2. Hence, one who willfully destroys or defaces any work of art or literature. The Vandals of our isle, Sworn foes to sense and law. Cowper.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Vandals; resembling the Vandals in barbarism and destructiveness.", "vandalism": "The spirit or conduct of the Vandals; ferocious cruelty; hostility to the arts and literature, or willful destruction or defacement of their monuments.", "vandalize": null, @@ -83782,12 +74412,8 @@ "vandalizes": null, "vandalizing": null, "vandals": "1. (Anc. Hist.) One of a Teutonic race, formerly dwelling on the south shore of the Baltic, the most barbarous and fierce of the northern nations that plundered Rome in the 5th century, notorious for destroying the monuments of art and literature. 2. Hence, one who willfully destroys or defaces any work of art or literature. The Vandals of our isle, Sworn foes to sense and law. Cowper.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Vandals; resembling the Vandals in barbarism and destructiveness.", - "vanderbilt": null, - "vandyke": "Of or pertaining to the style of Vandyke the painter; used or represented by Vandyke. \"His Vandyke dress.\" Macaulay. [Written also Vandyck.] Vandyke brown (Paint.), a pigment of a deep semitranssparent brown color, supposed to be the color used by Vandyke in his pictures. -- Vandyke collar or cape, a broad collar or cape of linen and lace with a deep pointed or scalloped edge, worn lying on the shoulders; - - so called from its appearance in pictures by Vandyke. -- Vandyke edge, an edge having ornamental triangular points.\n\nA picture by Vandyke. Also, a Vandyke collar, or a Vandyke edge. [Written also Vandyck.]\n\nfit or furnish with a Vandyke; to form with points or scallops like a Vandyke. [R.] [Written also Vandyck.]", "vane": "1. A contrivance attached to some elevated object for the purpose of showing which way the wind blows; a weathercock. It is usually a plate or strip of metal, or slip of wood, often cut into some fanciful form, and placed upon a perpendicular axis around which it moves freely. Aye undiscreet, and changing as a vane. Chaucer. 2. Any flat, extended surface attached to an axis and moved by the wind; as, the vane of a windmill; hence, a similar fixture of any form moved in or by water, air, or other fluid; as, the vane of a screw propeller, a fan blower, an anemometer, etc. 3. (Zoöl.) The rhachis and web of a feather taken together. 4. One of the sights of a compass, quadrant, etc. Vane of a leveling staff. (Surv.) Same as Target, 3.", "vanes": "1. A contrivance attached to some elevated object for the purpose of showing which way the wind blows; a weathercock. It is usually a plate or strip of metal, or slip of wood, often cut into some fanciful form, and placed upon a perpendicular axis around which it moves freely. Aye undiscreet, and changing as a vane. Chaucer. 2. Any flat, extended surface attached to an axis and moved by the wind; as, the vane of a windmill; hence, a similar fixture of any form moved in or by water, air, or other fluid; as, the vane of a screw propeller, a fan blower, an anemometer, etc. 3. (Zoöl.) The rhachis and web of a feather taken together. 4. One of the sights of a compass, quadrant, etc. Vane of a leveling staff. (Surv.) Same as Target, 3.", - "vanessa": "Any one of numerous species of handsomely colored butterflies belonging to Vanessa and allied genera. Many of these species have the edges of the wings irregularly scalloped.", - "vang": "A rope to steady the peak of a gaff.", "vanguard": "The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard; the van.", "vanguards": "The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard; the van.", "vanilla": "1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing orchidaceous plants natives of tropical America. 2. The long podlike capsules of Vanilla planifolia, and V. claviculata, remarkable for their delicate and agreeable odor, for the volatile, odoriferous oil extracted from them; also, the flavoring extract made from the capsules, extensively used in confectionery, perfumery, etc. Note: As a medicine, vanilla is supposed to possess powers analogous to valerian, while, at the same time, it is far more grateful. Cuban vanilla, a sweet-scented West Indian composite shrub (Eupatorium Dalea). -- Vanilla bean, the long capsule of the vanilla plant. -- Vanilla grass. Same as Holy grass, under Holy.", @@ -83810,8 +74436,6 @@ "vans": "The front of an army; the first line or leading column; also, the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sailing or in battle. Standards and gonfalons, twixt van and rear, Stream in the air. Milton.\n\nA shovel used in cleansing ore.\n\nTo wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel. Raymond.\n\n1. A light wagon, either covered or open, used by tradesmen and others fore the transportation of goods. [Eng.] 2. A large covered wagon for moving furniture, etc., also for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition. 3. A close railway car for baggage. See the Note under Car, 2. [Eng.]\n\n1. A fan or other contrivance, as a sieve, for winnowing grain. 2. Etym: [OF. vanne, F. vanneau beam feather (cf. It. vanno a wing) fr. L. vannus. See Etymology above.] A wing with which the air is beaten. [Archaic] \"[/Angels] on the air plumy vans received him. \" Milton. He wheeled in air, and stretched his vans in vain; His vans no longer could his flight sustain. Dryden.\n\nTo fan, or to cleanse by fanning; to winnow. [Obs.] Bacon.", "vantage": "1. superior or more favorable situation or opportunity; gain; profit; advantage. [R.] O happy vantage of a kneeling knee! Shak. 2. (Lawn Tennis) The first point after deuce. Note: When the server wins this point, it is called vantage in; when the receiver, or striker out, wins, it is called vantage out. To have at vantage, to have the advantage of; to be in a more favorable condition than. \"He had them at vantage, being tired and harassed with a long march.\" Bacon. -- Vantage ground, superiority of state or place; the place or condition which gives one an advantage over another. \"The vantage ground of truth. Bacon. It is these things that give him his actual standing, and it is from this vantage ground that he looks around him. I. Taylor.\n\nTo profit; to aid. [Obs.] Spenser.", "vantages": "1. superior or more favorable situation or opportunity; gain; profit; advantage. [R.] O happy vantage of a kneeling knee! Shak. 2. (Lawn Tennis) The first point after deuce. Note: When the server wins this point, it is called vantage in; when the receiver, or striker out, wins, it is called vantage out. To have at vantage, to have the advantage of; to be in a more favorable condition than. \"He had them at vantage, being tired and harassed with a long march.\" Bacon. -- Vantage ground, superiority of state or place; the place or condition which gives one an advantage over another. \"The vantage ground of truth. Bacon. It is these things that give him his actual standing, and it is from this vantage ground that he looks around him. I. Taylor.\n\nTo profit; to aid. [Obs.] Spenser.", - "vanuatu": null, - "vanzetti": null, "vape": null, "vaped": null, "vapes": null, @@ -83835,9 +74459,6 @@ "vaquero": "One who has charge of cattle, horses, etc.; a herdsman. [Southwestern U. S.]", "vaqueros": "One who has charge of cattle, horses, etc.; a herdsman. [Southwestern U. S.]", "var": null, - "varanasi": null, - "varese": null, - "vargas": null, "variability": "1. The quality or state of being variable; variableness. 2. (Biol.) The power possessed by living organisms, both animal and vegetable, of adapting themselves to modifications or changes in their environment, thus possibly giving rise to ultimate variation of structure or function.", "variable": "1. Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of alternation in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds or seasons; a variable quantity. 2. Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable. Lest that thy love prove likewise variable. Shak. His heart, I know, how variable and vain! Milton. Variable exhaust (Steam Eng.), a blast pipe with an adjustable opening. -- Variable quantity (Math.), a variable. -- Variable stars (Astron.), fixed stars which vary in their brightness, usually in more or less uniform periods. Syn. -- Changeable; mutable; fickle; wavering; unsteady; versatile; inconstant.\n\n1. That which is variable; that which varies, or is subject to change. 2. (Math.) A quantity which may increase or decrease; a quantity which admits of an infinite number of values in the same expression; a variable quantity; as, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, x and y are variables. 3. (Naut.) (a) A shifting wind, or one that varies in force. (b) pl. Those parts of the sea where a steady wind is not expected, especially the parts between the trade-wind belts. Independent variable (Math.), that one of two or more variables, connected with each other in any way whatever, to which changes are supposed to be given at will. Thus, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, if arbitrary changes are supposed to be given to x, then x is the independent variable, and y is called a function of x. There may be two or more independent variables in an equation or problem. Cf. Dependent variable, under Dependent.", "variables": "1. Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of alternation in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds or seasons; a variable quantity. 2. Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable. Lest that thy love prove likewise variable. Shak. His heart, I know, how variable and vain! Milton. Variable exhaust (Steam Eng.), a blast pipe with an adjustable opening. -- Variable quantity (Math.), a variable. -- Variable stars (Astron.), fixed stars which vary in their brightness, usually in more or less uniform periods. Syn. -- Changeable; mutable; fickle; wavering; unsteady; versatile; inconstant.\n\n1. That which is variable; that which varies, or is subject to change. 2. (Math.) A quantity which may increase or decrease; a quantity which admits of an infinite number of values in the same expression; a variable quantity; as, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, x and y are variables. 3. (Naut.) (a) A shifting wind, or one that varies in force. (b) pl. Those parts of the sea where a steady wind is not expected, especially the parts between the trade-wind belts. Independent variable (Math.), that one of two or more variables, connected with each other in any way whatever, to which changes are supposed to be given at will. Thus, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, if arbitrary changes are supposed to be given to x, then x is the independent variable, and y is called a function of x. There may be two or more independent variables in an equation or problem. Cf. Dependent variable, under Dependent.", @@ -83881,16 +74502,12 @@ "vase": "1. A vessel adapted for various domestic purposes, and anciently for sacrificial used; especially, a vessel of antique or elegant pattern used for ornament; as, a porcelain vase; a gold vase; a Grecian vase. See Illust. of Portland vase, under Portland. No chargers then were wrought in burnished gold, Nor silver vases took the forming mold. Pope. 2. (Arch.) (a) A vessel similar to that described in the first definition above, or the representation of one in a solid block of stone, or the like, used for an ornament, as on a terrace or in a garden. See Illust. of Niche. (b) The body, or naked ground, of the Corinthian and Composite capital; -- called also tambour, and drum. Note: Until the time of Walker (1791), vase was made to rhyme with base,, case, etc., and it is still commonly so pronounced in the United States. Walker made it to rhyme with phrase, maze, etc. Of modern English practice, Mr. A. J. Ellis (1874) says: \"Vase has four pronunciations in English: vasz, which I most commonly say, is going out of use väz I hear most frequently, vaz very rarely, and vas I only know from Cull's marking. On the analogy of case, however, it should be the regular sound.\" 3. (Bot.) The calyx of a plant.", "vasectomies": null, "vasectomy": "Resection or excision of the vas deferens.", - "vaseline": "A yellowish translucent substance, almost odorless and tasteless, obtained as a residue in the purification of crude petroleum, and consisting essentially of a mixture of several of the higher members of the paraffin series. It is used as an unguent, and for various purposes in the arts. See the Note under Petrolatum. [Written also vaselin.]", - "vaselines": "A yellowish translucent substance, almost odorless and tasteless, obtained as a residue in the purification of crude petroleum, and consisting essentially of a mixture of several of the higher members of the paraffin series. It is used as an unguent, and for various purposes in the arts. See the Note under Petrolatum. [Written also vaselin.]", "vases": "1. A vessel adapted for various domestic purposes, and anciently for sacrificial used; especially, a vessel of antique or elegant pattern used for ornament; as, a porcelain vase; a gold vase; a Grecian vase. See Illust. of Portland vase, under Portland. No chargers then were wrought in burnished gold, Nor silver vases took the forming mold. Pope. 2. (Arch.) (a) A vessel similar to that described in the first definition above, or the representation of one in a solid block of stone, or the like, used for an ornament, as on a terrace or in a garden. See Illust. of Niche. (b) The body, or naked ground, of the Corinthian and Composite capital; -- called also tambour, and drum. Note: Until the time of Walker (1791), vase was made to rhyme with base,, case, etc., and it is still commonly so pronounced in the United States. Walker made it to rhyme with phrase, maze, etc. Of modern English practice, Mr. A. J. Ellis (1874) says: \"Vase has four pronunciations in English: vasz, which I most commonly say, is going out of use väz I hear most frequently, vaz very rarely, and vas I only know from Cull's marking. On the analogy of case, however, it should be the regular sound.\" 3. (Bot.) The calyx of a plant.", "vasoconstriction": null, "vasomotor": "Causing movement in the walls of vessels; as, the vasomotor mechanisms; the vasomotor nerves, a system of nerves distributed over the muscular coats of the blood vessels. Vasomotor center, the chief dominating or general center which supplies all the unstriped muscles of the arterial system with motor nerves, situated in a part of the medulla oblongata; a center of reflex action by the working of which afferent impulses are changed into efferent, -- vasomotor impulses leading either to dilation or constriction of the blood vessels.", - "vasquez": null, "vassal": "1. (Feud. Law) The grantee of a fief, feud, or fee; one who holds land of superior, and who vows fidelity and homage to him; a feudatory; a feudal tenant. Burrill. 2. A subject; a dependent; a servant; a slave. \"The vassals of his anger.\" Milton. Rear vassal, the vassal of a vassal; an arriere vassal.\n\nResembling a vassal; slavish; servile. The sun and every vassal star. Keble.\n\nTo treat as a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", "vassalage": "1. The state of being a vassal, or feudatory. 2. Political servitude; dependence; subjection; slavery; as, the Greeks were held in vassalage by the Turks. 3. A territory held in vassalage. \"The Countship of Foix, with six territorial vassalages.\" Milman. 4. Vassals, collectively; vassalry. [R.] Shak. 5. Valorous service, such as that performed by a vassal; valor; prowess; courage. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "vassals": "1. (Feud. Law) The grantee of a fief, feud, or fee; one who holds land of superior, and who vows fidelity and homage to him; a feudatory; a feudal tenant. Burrill. 2. A subject; a dependent; a servant; a slave. \"The vassals of his anger.\" Milton. Rear vassal, the vassal of a vassal; an arriere vassal.\n\nResembling a vassal; slavish; servile. The sun and every vassal star. Keble.\n\nTo treat as a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.", - "vassar": null, "vast": "1. Waste; desert; desolate; lonely. [Obs.] The empty, vast, and wandering air. Shak. 2. Of great extent; very spacious or large; also, huge in bulk; immense; enormous; as, the vast ocean; vast mountains; the vast empire of Russia. Through the vast and boundless deep. Milton. 3. Very great in numbers, quantity, or amount; as, a vast army; a vast sum of money. 4. Very great in importance; as, a subject of vast concern. Syn. -- Enormous; huge; immense; mighty.\n\nA waste region; boundless space; immensity. \"The watery vast.\" Pope. Michael bid sound The archangel trumpet. Through the vast of heaven It sounded. Milton.", "vaster": null, "vastest": null, @@ -83898,16 +74515,12 @@ "vastness": "The quality or state of being vast.", "vasts": "1. Waste; desert; desolate; lonely. [Obs.] The empty, vast, and wandering air. Shak. 2. Of great extent; very spacious or large; also, huge in bulk; immense; enormous; as, the vast ocean; vast mountains; the vast empire of Russia. Through the vast and boundless deep. Milton. 3. Very great in numbers, quantity, or amount; as, a vast army; a vast sum of money. 4. Very great in importance; as, a subject of vast concern. Syn. -- Enormous; huge; immense; mighty.\n\nA waste region; boundless space; immensity. \"The watery vast.\" Pope. Michael bid sound The archangel trumpet. Through the vast of heaven It sounded. Milton.", "vat": "1. A large vessel, cistern, or tub, especially one used for holding in an immature state, chemical preparations for dyeing, or for tanning, or for tanning leather, or the like. Let him produce his vase and tubs, in opposition to heaps of arms and standards. Addison. 2. A measure for liquids, and also a dry measure; especially, a liquid measure in Belgium and Holland, corresponding to the hectoliter of the metric system, which contains 22.01 imperial gallons, or 26.4 standard gallons in the United States. Note: The old Dutch grain vat averaged 0.762 Winchester bushel. The old London coal vat contained 9 bushels. The solid-measurement vat of Amsterdam contains 40 cubic feet; the wine vat, 241.57 imperial gallons, and the vat for olive oil, 225.45 imperial gallons. 3. (Metal.) (a) A wooden tub for washing ores and mineral substances in. (b) A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furnace, where tin ore is laid to dry. 4. (R. C. Ch.) A vessel for holding holy water.\n\nTo put or transfer into a vat.", - "vatican": "A magnificent assemblage of buildings at Rome, near the church of St. Peter, including the pope's palace, a museum, a library, a famous chapel, etc. Note: The word is often used to indicate the papal authority. Thunders of the Vatican, the anathemas, or denunciations, of the pope.", "vats": "1. A large vessel, cistern, or tub, especially one used for holding in an immature state, chemical preparations for dyeing, or for tanning, or for tanning leather, or the like. Let him produce his vase and tubs, in opposition to heaps of arms and standards. Addison. 2. A measure for liquids, and also a dry measure; especially, a liquid measure in Belgium and Holland, corresponding to the hectoliter of the metric system, which contains 22.01 imperial gallons, or 26.4 standard gallons in the United States. Note: The old Dutch grain vat averaged 0.762 Winchester bushel. The old London coal vat contained 9 bushels. The solid-measurement vat of Amsterdam contains 40 cubic feet; the wine vat, 241.57 imperial gallons, and the vat for olive oil, 225.45 imperial gallons. 3. (Metal.) (a) A wooden tub for washing ores and mineral substances in. (b) A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furnace, where tin ore is laid to dry. 4. (R. C. Ch.) A vessel for holding holy water.\n\nTo put or transfer into a vat.", "vatted": null, "vatting": null, - "vauban": null, "vaudeville": "1. A kind of song of a lively character, frequently embodying a satire on some person or event, sung to a familiar air in couplets with a refrain; a street song; a topical song. 2. A theatrical piece, usually a comedy, the dialogue of which is intermingled with light or satirical songs, set to familiar airs. The early vaudeville, which is the forerunner of the opera bouffe, was light, graceful, and piquant. Johnson's Cyc.", "vaudevillian": null, "vaudevillians": null, - "vaughan": null, - "vaughn": null, "vault": "1. (Arch.) An arched structure of masonry, forming a ceiling or canopy. The long-drawn aisle and fretted vault. Gray. 2. An arched apartment; especially, a subterranean room, use for storing articles, for a prison, for interment, or the like; a cell; a cellar. \"Charnel vaults.\" Milton. The silent vaults of death. Sandys. To banish rats that haunt our vault. Swift. 3. The canopy of heaven; the sky. That heaven's vault should crack. Shak. 4. Etym: [F. volte, It. volta, originally, a turn, and the same word as volta an arch. See the Etymology above.] A leap or bound. Specifically: -- (a) (Man.) The bound or leap of a horse; a curvet. (b) A leap by aid of the hands, or of a pole, springboard, or the like. Note: The l in this word was formerly often suppressed in pronunciation. Barrel, Cradle, Cylindrical, or Wagon, vault (Arch.), a kind of vault having two parallel abutments, and the same section or profile at all points. It may be rampant, as over a staircase (see Rampant vault, under Rampant), or curved in plan, as around the apse of a church. -- Coved vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Cove, v. t. -- Groined vault (Arch.), a vault having groins, that is, one in which different cylindrical surfaces intersect one another, as distinguished from a barrel, or wagon, vault. -- Rampant vault. (Arch.) See under Rampant. -- Ribbed vault (Arch.), a vault differing from others in having solid ribs which bear the weight of the vaulted surface. True Gothic vaults are of this character. -- Vault light, a partly glazed plate inserted in a pavement or ceiling to admit light to a vault below.\n\n1. To form with a vault, or to cover with a vault; to give the shape of an arch to; to arch; as, vault a roof; to vault a passage to a court. The shady arch that vaulted the broad green alley. Sir W. Scott. 2. Etym: [See Vault, v. i.] To leap over; esp., to leap over by aid of the hands or a pole; as, to vault a fence. I will vault credit, and affect high pleasures. Webster (1623).\n\n1. To leap; to bound; to jump; to spring. Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself. Shak. Leaning on his lance, he vaulted on a tree. Dryden. Lucan vaulted upon Pegasus with all the heat and intrepidity of youth. Addison. 2. To exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping; to tumble.", "vaulted": "1. Arched; concave; as, a vaulted roof. 2. Covered with an arch, or vault. 3. (Bot.) Arched like the roof of the mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers.", "vaulter": "One who vaults; a leaper; a tumbler. B. Jonson.", @@ -83918,24 +74531,12 @@ "vaunted": null, "vaunting": null, "vaunts": "To boast; to make a vain display of one's own worth, attainments, decorations, or the like; to talk ostentatiously; to brag. Pride, which prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what he is, does incline him to disvalue what he has. Gov. of Tongue.\n\nTo boast of; to make a vain display of; to display with ostentation. Charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up. 1 Cor. xiii. 4. My vanquisher, spoiled of his vaunted spoil. Milton.\n\nA vain display of what one is, or has, or has done; ostentation from vanity; a boast; a brag. The spirits beneath, whom I seduced With other promises and other vaunts. Milton.\n\nThe first part. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo put forward; to display. [Obs.] \"Vaunted spear.\" Spenser. And what so else his person most may vaunt. Spenser.", - "vax": null, - "vaxes": null, - "vazquez": null, "vb": null, - "vba": null, - "vcr": null, - "vd": null, - "vdt": null, - "vdu": null, "veal": "The flesh of a calf when killed and used for food.", - "veblen": null, "vector": "1. Same as Radius vector. 2. (Math.) A directed quantity, as a straight line, a force, or a velocity. Vectors are said to be equal when their directions are the same their magnitudes equal. Cf. Scalar. Note: In a triangle, either side is the vector sum of the other two sides taken in proper order; the process finding the vector sum of two or more vectors is vector addition (see under Addition).", "vectored": null, "vectoring": null, "vectors": "1. Same as Radius vector. 2. (Math.) A directed quantity, as a straight line, a force, or a velocity. Vectors are said to be equal when their directions are the same their magnitudes equal. Cf. Scalar. Note: In a triangle, either side is the vector sum of the other two sides taken in proper order; the process finding the vector sum of two or more vectors is vector addition (see under Addition).", - "veda": "The ancient sacred literature of the Hindoos; also, one of the four collections, called Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda, and Atharva-Veda, constituting the most ancient portions of that literature. Note: The language of the Vedas is usually called Vedic Sanskrit, as distinguished from the later and more settled form called classical Sanskrit.", - "vedanta": "A system of philosophy among the Hindoos, founded on scattered texts of the Vedas, and thence termed the \"Anta,\" or end or substance. Balfour (Cyc. of India.)", - "vedas": "The ancient sacred literature of the Hindoos; also, one of the four collections, called Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda, and Atharva-Veda, constituting the most ancient portions of that literature. Note: The language of the Vedas is usually called Vedic Sanskrit, as distinguished from the later and more settled form called classical Sanskrit.", "veejay": null, "veejays": null, "veep": null, @@ -83945,14 +74546,11 @@ "veering": "Shifting. -- Veer\"ing*ly, adv.", "veers": "To change direction; to turn; to shift; as, wind veers to the west or north. \"His veering gait.\" Wordsworth. And as he leads, the following navy veers. Dryden. an ordinary community which is hostile or friendly as passion or as interest may veer about. Burke. To veer and haul (Naut.), to vary the course or direction; -- said of the wind, which veers aft and hauls forward. The wind is also said to veer when it shifts with the sun.\n\nTo direct to a different course; to turn; to wear; as, to veer, or wear, a vessel. To veer and haul (Naut.), to pull tight and slacken alternately. Totten. -- To veer away or out (Naut.), to let out; to slacken and let run; to pay out; as, to veer away the cable; to veer out a rope.", "veg": null, - "vega": "A brilliant star of the first magnitude, the brightest of those constituting the constellation Lyra.", "vegan": null, "veganism": null, "vegans": null, - "vegas": "A brilliant star of the first magnitude, the brightest of those constituting the constellation Lyra.", "vegeburger": null, "vegeburgers": null, - "vegemite": null, "veges": null, "vegetable": "1. Of or pertaining to plants; having the nature of, or produced by, plants; as, a vegetable nature; vegetable growths, juices, etc. Blooming ambrosial fruit Of vegetable gold. Milton. 2. Consisting of, or comprising, plants; as, the vegetable kingdom. Vegetable alkali (Chem.), an alkaloid. -- Vegetable brimstone. (Bot.) See Vegetable sulphur, below. -- Vegetable butter (Bot.), a name of several kinds of concrete vegetable oil; as that produced by the Indian butter tree, the African shea tree, and the Pentadesma butyracea, a tree of the order Guttiferæ, also African. Still another kind is pressed from the seeds of cocoa (Theobroma). -- Vegetable flannel, a textile material, manufactured in Germany from pine-needle wool, a down or fiber obtained from the leaves of the Pinus sylvestris. -- Vegetable ivory. See Ivory nut, under Ivory. -- Vegetable jelly. See Pectin. -- Vegetable kingdom. (Nat. Hist.) See the last Phrase, below. -- Vegetable leather. (a) (Bot.) A shrubby West Indian spurge (Euphorbia punicea), with leathery foliage and crimson bracts. (b) See Vegetable leather, under Leather. -- Vegetable marrow (Bot.), an egg-shaped gourd, commonly eight to ten inches long. It is noted for the very tender quality of its flesh, and is a favorite culinary vegetable in England. It has been said to be of Persian origin, but is now thought to have been derived from a form of the American pumpkin. -- Vegetable oyster (Bot.), the oyster plant. See under Oyster. -- Vegetable parchment, papyrine. -- Vegetable sheep (Bot.), a white woolly plant (Raoulia eximia) of New Zealand, which grows in the form of large fleecy cushions on the mountains. -- Vegetable silk, a cottonlike, fibrous material obtained from the coating of the seeds of a Brazilian tree (Chorisia speciosa). It us used for various purposes, as for stuffing, and the like, but is incapable of being spun on account of a want of cohesion among the fibers. -- Vegetable sponge. See 1st Loof. -- Vegetable sulphur, the fine highly inflammable spores of the club moss (Lycopodium clavatum); witch. -- Vegetable tallow, a substance resembling tallow, obtained from various plants; as, Chinese vegetable tallow, obtained from the seeds of the tallow tree. Indian vegetable tallow is a name sometimes given to piney tallow. -- Vegetable wax, a waxy excretion on the leaves or fruits of certain plants, as the bayberry. Vegetable kingdom (Nat. Hist.), that primary division of living things which includes all plants. The classes of the vegetable kingdom have been grouped differently by various botanists. The following is one of the best of the many arrangements of the principal subdivisions. I. Phænogamia (called also Phanerogamia). Plants having distinct flowers and true seeds. { 1. Dicotyledons (called also Exogens). -- Seeds with two or more cotyledons. Stems with the pith, woody fiber, and bark concentrically arranged. Divided into two subclasses: Angiosperms, having the woody fiber interspersed with dotted or annular ducts, and the seed contained in a true ovary; Gymnosperms, having few or no ducts in the woody fiber, and the seeds naked. 2. Monocotyledons (called also Endogens). -- Seeds with single cotyledon. Stems with slender bundles of woody fiber not concentrically arranged, and with no true bark.} II. Cryptogamia. Plants without true flowers, and reproduced by minute spores of various kinds, or by simple cell division. { 1. Acrogens. -- Plants usually with distinct stems and leaves, existing in two alternate conditions, one of which is nonsexual and sporophoric, the other sexual and oöphoric. Divided into Vascular Acrogens, or Pteridophyta, having the sporophoric plant conspicuous and consisting partly of vascular tissue, as in Ferns, Lycopods, and Equiseta, and Cellular Acrogens, or Bryophyta, having the sexual plant most conspicuous, but destitute of vascular tissue, as in Mosses and Scale Mosses. 2. Thallogens. -- Plants without distinct stem and leaves, consisting of a simple or branched mass of cellular tissue, or educed to a single cell. Reproduction effected variously. Divided into Algæ, which contain chlorophyll or its equivalent, and which live upon air and water, and Fungi, which contain no chlorophyll, and live on organic matter. (Lichens are now believed to be fungi parasitic on included algæ.} Note: Many botanists divide the Phænogamia primarily into Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, and the latter into Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. Others consider Pteridophyta and Bryophyta to be separate classes. Thallogens are variously divided by different writers, and the places for diatoms, slime molds, and stoneworts are altogether uncertain. For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.", "vegetables": "1. Of or pertaining to plants; having the nature of, or produced by, plants; as, a vegetable nature; vegetable growths, juices, etc. Blooming ambrosial fruit Of vegetable gold. Milton. 2. Consisting of, or comprising, plants; as, the vegetable kingdom. Vegetable alkali (Chem.), an alkaloid. -- Vegetable brimstone. (Bot.) See Vegetable sulphur, below. -- Vegetable butter (Bot.), a name of several kinds of concrete vegetable oil; as that produced by the Indian butter tree, the African shea tree, and the Pentadesma butyracea, a tree of the order Guttiferæ, also African. Still another kind is pressed from the seeds of cocoa (Theobroma). -- Vegetable flannel, a textile material, manufactured in Germany from pine-needle wool, a down or fiber obtained from the leaves of the Pinus sylvestris. -- Vegetable ivory. See Ivory nut, under Ivory. -- Vegetable jelly. See Pectin. -- Vegetable kingdom. (Nat. Hist.) See the last Phrase, below. -- Vegetable leather. (a) (Bot.) A shrubby West Indian spurge (Euphorbia punicea), with leathery foliage and crimson bracts. (b) See Vegetable leather, under Leather. -- Vegetable marrow (Bot.), an egg-shaped gourd, commonly eight to ten inches long. It is noted for the very tender quality of its flesh, and is a favorite culinary vegetable in England. It has been said to be of Persian origin, but is now thought to have been derived from a form of the American pumpkin. -- Vegetable oyster (Bot.), the oyster plant. See under Oyster. -- Vegetable parchment, papyrine. -- Vegetable sheep (Bot.), a white woolly plant (Raoulia eximia) of New Zealand, which grows in the form of large fleecy cushions on the mountains. -- Vegetable silk, a cottonlike, fibrous material obtained from the coating of the seeds of a Brazilian tree (Chorisia speciosa). It us used for various purposes, as for stuffing, and the like, but is incapable of being spun on account of a want of cohesion among the fibers. -- Vegetable sponge. See 1st Loof. -- Vegetable sulphur, the fine highly inflammable spores of the club moss (Lycopodium clavatum); witch. -- Vegetable tallow, a substance resembling tallow, obtained from various plants; as, Chinese vegetable tallow, obtained from the seeds of the tallow tree. Indian vegetable tallow is a name sometimes given to piney tallow. -- Vegetable wax, a waxy excretion on the leaves or fruits of certain plants, as the bayberry. Vegetable kingdom (Nat. Hist.), that primary division of living things which includes all plants. The classes of the vegetable kingdom have been grouped differently by various botanists. The following is one of the best of the many arrangements of the principal subdivisions. I. Phænogamia (called also Phanerogamia). Plants having distinct flowers and true seeds. { 1. Dicotyledons (called also Exogens). -- Seeds with two or more cotyledons. Stems with the pith, woody fiber, and bark concentrically arranged. Divided into two subclasses: Angiosperms, having the woody fiber interspersed with dotted or annular ducts, and the seed contained in a true ovary; Gymnosperms, having few or no ducts in the woody fiber, and the seeds naked. 2. Monocotyledons (called also Endogens). -- Seeds with single cotyledon. Stems with slender bundles of woody fiber not concentrically arranged, and with no true bark.} II. Cryptogamia. Plants without true flowers, and reproduced by minute spores of various kinds, or by simple cell division. { 1. Acrogens. -- Plants usually with distinct stems and leaves, existing in two alternate conditions, one of which is nonsexual and sporophoric, the other sexual and oöphoric. Divided into Vascular Acrogens, or Pteridophyta, having the sporophoric plant conspicuous and consisting partly of vascular tissue, as in Ferns, Lycopods, and Equiseta, and Cellular Acrogens, or Bryophyta, having the sexual plant most conspicuous, but destitute of vascular tissue, as in Mosses and Scale Mosses. 2. Thallogens. -- Plants without distinct stem and leaves, consisting of a simple or branched mass of cellular tissue, or educed to a single cell. Reproduction effected variously. Divided into Algæ, which contain chlorophyll or its equivalent, and which live upon air and water, and Fungi, which contain no chlorophyll, and live on organic matter. (Lichens are now believed to be fungi parasitic on included algæ.} Note: Many botanists divide the Phænogamia primarily into Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, and the latter into Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. Others consider Pteridophyta and Bryophyta to be separate classes. Thallogens are variously divided by different writers, and the places for diatoms, slime molds, and stoneworts are altogether uncertain. For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.", @@ -83990,15 +74588,9 @@ "vela": null, "velar": "1. Of or pertaining to a velum; esp. (Anat.) of or pertaining to the soft palate. 2. (Phon.) Having the place of articulation on the soft palate; guttural; as, the velar consonants, such as k and hard q.", "velars": "1. Of or pertaining to a velum; esp. (Anat.) of or pertaining to the soft palate. 2. (Phon.) Having the place of articulation on the soft palate; guttural; as, the velar consonants, such as k and hard q.", - "velasquez": null, - "velazquez": null, - "velcro": null, - "velcros": null, "veld": null, "velds": null, - "velez": null, "vellum": "A fine kind of parchment, usually made from calfskin, and rendered clear and white, -- used as for writing upon, and for binding books. Vellum cloth, a fine kind of cotton fabric, made very transparent, and used as a tracing cloth.", - "velma": null, "velocipede": "A light road carriage propelled by the feet of the rider. Originally it was propelled by striking the tips of the toes on the roadway, but commonly now by the action of the feet on a pedal or pedals connected with the axle of one or more of the wheels, and causing their revolution. They are made in many forms, with two, three, or four wheels. See Bicycle, and Tricycle.", "velocipedes": "A light road carriage propelled by the feet of the rider. Originally it was propelled by striking the tips of the toes on the roadway, but commonly now by the action of the feet on a pedal or pedals connected with the axle of one or more of the wheels, and causing their revolution. They are made in many forms, with two, three, or four wheels. See Bicycle, and Tricycle.", "velocities": null, @@ -84008,7 +74600,6 @@ "velour": null, "velours": "One of many textile fabrics having a pile like that of velvet.", "velum": "1. (Anat.) Curtain or covering; -- applied to various membranous partitions, especially to the soft palate. See under Palate. 2. (Bot.) (a) See Veil, n., 3 (b). (b) A thin membrane surrounding the sporocarps of quillworts Isoetes). 3. (Zoöl.) A veil-like organ or part. Especially: (a) The circular membrane that partially incloses the space beneath the umbrella of hydroid medusæ. (b) A delicate funnel-like membrane around the flagellum of certain Infusoria. See Illust. a of Protozoa.", - "velveeta": null, "velvet": "1. A silk fabric, having a short, close nap of erect threads. Inferior qualities are made with a silk pile on a cotton or linen back. 2. The soft and highly vascular deciduous skin which envelops and nourishes the antlers of deer during their rapid growth. Cotton velvet, an imitation of velvet, made of cotton. -- Velvet cork, the best kind of cork bark, supple, elastic, and not woody or porous. -- Velvet crab a European crab (Portunus puber). When adult the black carapace is covered with a velvety pile. Called also lady crab, and velvet fiddler. -- Velvet dock (Bot.), the common mullein. -- Velvet duck. (Zoöl.) (a) A large European sea duck, or scoter (Oidemia fusca). The adult male is glossy, velvety black, with a white speculum on each wing, and a white patch behind each eye. (b) The American whitewinged scoter. See Scoter. -- Velvet flower (Bot.), love-lies-bleeding. See under Love. -- Velvet grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Holcus lanatus) with velvety stem and leaves; -- called also soft grass. -- Velvet runner (Zoöl.), the water rail; -- so called from its quiet, stealthy manner of running. [Prov. Eng.] -- Velvet scoter. (Zoöl.) Same as Velvet duck, above. -- Velvet sponge. (Zoöl.) See under Sponge.\n\nMade of velvet; soft and delicate, like velvet; velvety. \" The cowslip's velvet head.\" Milton.\n\nTo pain velvet. [R.] Peacham.\n\nTo make like, or cover with, velvet. [R.]", "velveteen": "A kind of cloth, usually cotton, made in imitation of velvet; cotton velvet.", "velvety": "Made of velvet, or like velvet; soft; smooth; delicate.", @@ -84037,20 +74628,13 @@ "venerating": null, "veneration": "The act of venerating, or the state of being venerated; the highest degree of respect and reverence; respect mingled with awe; a feeling or sentimental excited by the dignity, wisdom, or superiority of a person, by sacredness of character, by consecration to sacred services, or by hallowed associations. We find a secret awe and veneration for one who moves about us in regular and illustrious course of virtue. Addison. Syn. -- Awe; reverence; respect. See Reverence.", "venereal": "1. Of or pertaining to venery, or sexual love; relating to sexual intercourse. Into the snare I fell Of fair, fallacious looks, venereal trains, Softened with pleasure and voluptuous life. Milton. 2. (Med.) (a) Arising from sexual intercourse; as, a venereal disease; venereal virus or poison. (b) Adapted to the cure of venereal diseases; as, venereal medicines. 3. Adapted to excite venereal desire; aphrodisiac. 4. Consisting of, or pertaining to, copper, formerly called by chemists Venus. [Obs.] Boyle.\n\nThe venereal disease; syphilis.", - "venetian": "Of or pertaining to Venice in Italy. Venetian blind, a blind for windows, doors, etc., made of thin slats, either fixed at a certain angle in the shutter, or movable, and in the latter case so disposed as to overlap each other when close, and to show a series of open spaces for the admission of air and light when in other positions. -- Venetian carpet, an inexpensive carpet, used for passages and stairs, having a woolen warp which conceals the weft; the pattern is therefore commonly made up of simple stripes. -- Venetian chalk, a white compact or steatite, used for marking on cloth, etc. -- Venetian door (Arch.), a door having long, narrow windows or panes of glass on the sides. -- Venetian glass, a kind of glass made by the Venetians, for decorative purposes, by the combination of pieces of glass of different colors fused together and wrought into various ornamental patterns. -- Venetian red, a brownish red color, prepared from sulphate of iron; -- called also scarlet ocher. -- Venetian soap. See Castile soap, under Soap. -- Venetian sumac (Bot.), a South European tree (Rhus Cotinus) which yields the yellow dyewood called fustet; -- also called smoke tree. -- Venetian window (Arch.), a window consisting of a main window with an arched head, having on each side a long and narrow window with a square head.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Venice.", - "venetians": "Of or pertaining to Venice in Italy. Venetian blind, a blind for windows, doors, etc., made of thin slats, either fixed at a certain angle in the shutter, or movable, and in the latter case so disposed as to overlap each other when close, and to show a series of open spaces for the admission of air and light when in other positions. -- Venetian carpet, an inexpensive carpet, used for passages and stairs, having a woolen warp which conceals the weft; the pattern is therefore commonly made up of simple stripes. -- Venetian chalk, a white compact or steatite, used for marking on cloth, etc. -- Venetian door (Arch.), a door having long, narrow windows or panes of glass on the sides. -- Venetian glass, a kind of glass made by the Venetians, for decorative purposes, by the combination of pieces of glass of different colors fused together and wrought into various ornamental patterns. -- Venetian red, a brownish red color, prepared from sulphate of iron; -- called also scarlet ocher. -- Venetian soap. See Castile soap, under Soap. -- Venetian sumac (Bot.), a South European tree (Rhus Cotinus) which yields the yellow dyewood called fustet; -- also called smoke tree. -- Venetian window (Arch.), a window consisting of a main window with an arched head, having on each side a long and narrow window with a square head.\n\nA native or inhabitant of Venice.", - "venezuela": null, - "venezuelan": null, - "venezuelans": null, "vengeance": "1. Punishment inflicted in return for an injury or an offense; retribution; -- often, in a bad sense, passionate or unrestrained revenge. To me belongeth vengeance and recompense. Deut. xxxii. 35. To execute fierce vengeance on his foes. Milton. 2. Harm; mischief. [Obs.] Shak. What a vengeance, or What the vengeance, what! -- emphatically. [Obs.] \"But what a vengeance makes thee fly!\" Hudibras. \"What the vengeance! Could he not speak 'em fair\" Shak. -- With a vengeance, with great violence; as, to strike with a vengeance. [Colloq.]", "vengeful": "Vindictive; retributive; revengeful. \"Vengeful ire.\" Milton. -- Venge\"ful*ly, adv.", "vengefully": null, "venial": "1. Capable of being forgiven; not heinous; excusable; pardonable; as, a venial fault or transgression. So they do nothing, 't is a venial slip. Shak. 2. Allowed; permitted. [Obs.] \"Permitting him the while venial discourse unblamed.\" Milton. Venial sin (R. C. Theol.), a sin which weakens, but does not wholly destroy, sanctifying grace, as do mortal, or deadly, sins. -- Ve\"ni*al*ly, adv. -- Ve\"ni*al*ness, n. Bp. Hall.", - "venice": null, "venireman": null, "veniremen": null, "venison": "1. Beasts of the chase. [Obs.] Fabyan. 2. Formerly, the flesh of any of the edible beasts of the chase, also of game birds; now, the flesh of animals of the deer kind exclusively.", - "venn": null, "venom": "1. Matter fatal or injurious to life; poison; particularly, the poisonous, the poisonous matter which certain animals, such as serpents, scorpions, bees, etc., secrete in a state of health, and communicate by thing or stinging. Or hurtful worm with cankered venom bites. Milton. 2. Spite; malice; malignity; evil quality. Chaucer. \"The venom of such looks.\" Shak. Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane. See Poison.\n\nTo infect with venom; to envenom; to poison. [R.] \"Venomed vengeance.\" Shak.", "venomous": "1. Full of venom; noxious to animal life; poisonous; as, the bite of a serpent may be venomous. 2. (Zoöl.) Having a poison gland or glands for the secretion of venom, as certain serpents and insects. 3. Noxious; mischievous; malignant; spiteful; as, a venomous progeny; a venomous writer. Venomous snake (Zoöl.), any serpent which has poison glands and fangs, whether dangerous to man or not. These serpents constitute two tribes, the viperine serpents, or Solenoglypha, and the cobralike serpents, or Proteroglypha. The former have perforated, erectile fangs situated in the front part of the upper jaw, and are without ordinary teeth behind the fangs; the latter have permanently erect and grooved fangs, with ordinary maxillary teeth behind them. -- Ven\"om*ous*ly, adv. -- Ven\"om*ous*ness, n.", "venomously": null, @@ -84066,7 +74650,6 @@ "ventilators": "A contrivance for effecting ventilation; especially, a contrivance or machine for drawing off or expelling foul or stagnant air from any place or apartment, or for introducing that which is fresh and pure.", "ventilatory": null, "venting": null, - "ventolin": null, "ventral": "1. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the belly, or ventral side, of an animal or of one of its parts; hemal; abdominal; as, the ventral fin of a fish; the ventral root of a spinal nerve; -- opposed to Ant: dorsal. 2. (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to that surface of a carpel, petal, etc., which faces toward the center of a flower. (b) Of or pertaining to the lower side or surface of a creeping moss or other low flowerless plant. Opposed to Ant: dorsal. Ventral fins (Zoöl.), the posterior pair of fins of a fish. They are often situated beneath the belly, but sometimes beneath the throat. -- Ventral segment. (Acoustics) See Loop, n., 5.", "ventricle": "1. (Anat.) A cavity, or one of the cavities, of an organ, as of the larynx or the brain; specifically, the posterior chamber, or one of the two posterior chambers, of the heart, which receives the blood from the auricle and forces it out from the heart. See Heart. Note: The principal ventricles of the brain are the fourth in the medulla, the third in the midbrain, the first and second, or lateral, ventricles in the cerebral hemispheres, all of which are connected with each other, and the fifth, or pseudoc, situated between the hemispheres, in front of, or above, the fornix, and entirely disconnected with the other cavities. See Brain, and C. 2. The stomach. [Obs.] Whether I will or not, while I live, my heart beats, and my ventricle digests what is in it. Sir M. Hale. 3. Fig.: Any cavity, or hollow place, in which any function may be conceived of as operating. These [ideas] are begot on the ventricle of memory. Shak.", "ventricles": "1. (Anat.) A cavity, or one of the cavities, of an organ, as of the larynx or the brain; specifically, the posterior chamber, or one of the two posterior chambers, of the heart, which receives the blood from the auricle and forces it out from the heart. See Heart. Note: The principal ventricles of the brain are the fourth in the medulla, the third in the midbrain, the first and second, or lateral, ventricles in the cerebral hemispheres, all of which are connected with each other, and the fifth, or pseudoc, situated between the hemispheres, in front of, or above, the fornix, and entirely disconnected with the other cavities. See Brain, and C. 2. The stomach. [Obs.] Whether I will or not, while I live, my heart beats, and my ventricle digests what is in it. Sir M. Hale. 3. Fig.: Any cavity, or hollow place, in which any function may be conceived of as operating. These [ideas] are begot on the ventricle of memory. Shak.", @@ -84088,14 +74671,9 @@ "venturousness": null, "venue": "1. (Law) A neighborhood or near place; the place or county in which anything is alleged to have happened; also, the place where an action is laid. The twelve men who are to try the cause must be of the same venue where the demand is made. Blackstone. Note: In certain cases, the court has power to change the venue, which is to direct the trial to be had in a different county from that where the venue is laid. 2. A bout; a hit; a turn. See Venew. [R.] To lay a venue (Law), to allege a place.", "venues": "1. (Law) A neighborhood or near place; the place or county in which anything is alleged to have happened; also, the place where an action is laid. The twelve men who are to try the cause must be of the same venue where the demand is made. Blackstone. Note: In certain cases, the court has power to change the venue, which is to direct the trial to be had in a different county from that where the venue is laid. 2. A bout; a hit; a turn. See Venew. [R.] To lay a venue (Law), to allege a place.", - "venus": "1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of beauty and love, that is, beauty or love deified. 2. (Anat.) One of the planets, the second in order from the sun, its orbit lying between that of Mercury and that of the Earth, at a mean distance from the sun of about 67,000,000 miles. Its diameter is 7,700 miles, and its sidereal period 224.7 days. As the morning star, it was called by the ancients Lucifer; as the evening star, Hesperus. 3. (Alchem.) The metal copper; -- probably so designated from the ancient use of the metal in making mirrors, a mirror being still the astronomical symbol of the planet Venus. [Archaic] 4. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Venus or family Veneridæ. Many of these shells are large, and ornamented with beautiful frills; others are smooth, glossy, and handsomely colored. Some of the larger species, as the round clam, or quahog, are valued for food. Venus's basin (Bot.), the wild teasel; - - so called because the connate leaf bases form a kind of receptacle for water, which was formerly gathered for use in the toilet. Also called Venus's bath. -- Venus's basket (Zoöl.), an elegant, cornucopia-shaped, hexactinellid sponge (Euplectella speciosa) native of the East Indies. It consists of glassy, transparent, siliceous fibers interwoven and soldered together so as to form a firm network, and has long, slender, divergent anchoring fibers at the base by means of which it stands erect in the soft mud at the bottom of the sea. Called also Venus's flower basket, and Venus's purse. -- Venus's comb. (a) (Bot.) Same as Lady's comb. (b) (Zoöl.) A species of Murex (M. tenuispinus). It has a long, tubular canal, with a row of long, slender spines along both of its borders, and rows of similar spines covering the body of the shell. Called also Venus's shell. -- Venus's fan (Zoöl.), a common reticulated, fanshaped gorgonia (Gorgonia flabellum) native of Florida and the West Indies. When fresh the color is purple or yellow, or a mixture of the two. -- Venus's flytrap. (Bot.) See Flytrap, 2. -- Venus's girdle (Zoöl.), a long, flat, ribbonlike, very delicate, transparent and iridescent ctenophore (Cestum Veneris) which swims in the open sea. Its form is due to the enormous development of two spheromeres. See Illust. in Appendix. -- Venus's hair (Bot.), a delicate and graceful fern (Adiantum Capillus-Veneris) having a slender, black and shining stem and branches. -- Venus's hair stone (Min.), quartz penetrated by acicular crystals of rutile. -- Venus's looking-glass (Bot.), an annual plant of the genus Specularia allied to the bellflower; -- also called lady's looking- glass. -- Venus's navelwort (Bot.), any one of several species of Omphalodes, low boraginaceous herbs with small blue or white flowers. -- Venus's pride (Bot.), an old name for Quaker ladies. See under Quaker. -- Venus's purse. (Zoöl.) Same as Venus's basket, above. -- Venus's shell. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of Cypræa; a cowrie. (b) Same as Venus's comb, above. (c) Same as Venus, 4. -- Venus's slipper. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Cypripedium. See Lady's slipper. (b) (Zoöl.) Any heteropod shell of the genus Carinaria. See Carinaria.", - "venuses": null, - "venusian": null, - "vera": null, "veracious": "1. Observant of truth; habitually speaking truth; truthful; as, veracious historian. The Spirit is most perfectly and absolutely veracious. Barrow. 2. Characterized by truth; not false; as, a veracious account or narrative. The young, ardent soul that enters on this world with heroic purpose, with veracious insight, will find it a mad one. Carlyle.", "veraciously": "In a veracious manner.", "veracity": "The quality or state of being veracious; habitual observance of truth; truthfulness; truth; as, a man of veracity.", - "veracruz": null, "veranda": "An open, roofed gallery or portico, adjoining a dwelling house, forming an out-of-door sitting room. See Loggia. The house was of adobe, low, with a wide veranda on the three sides of the inner court. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.", "verandas": "An open, roofed gallery or portico, adjoining a dwelling house, forming an out-of-door sitting room. See Loggia. The house was of adobe, low, with a wide veranda on the three sides of the inner court. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.", "verapamil": null, @@ -84120,15 +74698,12 @@ "verbs": "1. A word; a vocable. [Obs.] South. 2. (Gram.) A word which affirms or predicates something of some person or thing; a part of speech expressing being, action, or the suffering of action. Note: A verb is a word whereby the chief action of the mind [the assertion or the denial of a proposition] finds expression. Earle. Active verb, Auxiliary verb, Neuter verb, etc. See Active, Auxiliary, Neuter, etc.", "verdant": "1. Covered with growing plants or grass; green; fresh; flourishing; as, verdant fields; a verdant lawn. Let the earth Put forth the verdant grass. Milton. 2. Unripe in knowledge or judgment; unsophisticated; raw; green; as, a verdant youth. [Colloq.]", "verdantly": "In a verdant manner.", - "verde": null, - "verdi": null, "verdict": "1. (Law) The answer of a jury given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any cause, civil or criminal, committed to their examination and determination; the finding or decision of a jury on the matter legally submitted to them in the course of the trial of a cause. Note: The decision of a judge or referee, upon an issue of fact, is not called a verdict, but a finding, or a finding of fact. Abbott. 2. Decision; judgment; opinion pronounced; as, to be condemned by the verdict of the public. These were enormities condemned by the most natural verdict of common humanity. South. Two generations have since confirmed the verdict which was pronounced on that night. Macaulay.", "verdicts": "1. (Law) The answer of a jury given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any cause, civil or criminal, committed to their examination and determination; the finding or decision of a jury on the matter legally submitted to them in the course of the trial of a cause. Note: The decision of a judge or referee, upon an issue of fact, is not called a verdict, but a finding, or a finding of fact. Abbott. 2. Decision; judgment; opinion pronounced; as, to be condemned by the verdict of the public. These were enormities condemned by the most natural verdict of common humanity. South. Two generations have since confirmed the verdict which was pronounced on that night. Macaulay.", "verdigris": "1. (Chem.) A green poisonous substance used as a pigment and drug, obtained by the action of acetic acid on copper, and consisting essentially of a complex mixture of several basic copper acetates. 2. The green rust formed on copper. [Colloq.] Note: This rust is a carbonate of copper, and should not be confounded with true verdigris. U. S. Disp. Blue verdigris (Chem.), a verdigris having a blue color, used a pigment, etc. -- Distilled verdigris (Old Chem.), an acid copper acetate; -- so called because the acetic acid used in making it was obtained from distilled vinegar. -- Verdigris green, clear bluish green, the color of verdigris.\n\nTo cover, or coat, with verdigris. [R.] \"An old verdigrised brass bugle.\" Hawthorne.", "verdigrised": null, "verdigrises": null, "verdigrising": null, - "verdun": null, "verdure": "Green; greenness; freshness of vegetation; as, the verdure of the meadows in June. A wide expanse of living verdure, cultivated gardens, shady groves, fertile cornfields, flowed round it like a sea. Motley.", "verge": "1. A rod or staff, carried as an emblem of authority; as, the verge, carried before a dean. 2. The stick or wand with which persons were formerly admitted tenants, they holding it in the hand, and swearing fealty to the lord. Such tenants were called tenants by the verge. [Eng.] 3. (Eng. Law) The compass of the court of Marshalsea and the Palace court, within which the lord steward and the marshal of the king's household had special jurisdiction; -- so called from the verge, or staff, which the marshal bore. 4. A virgate; a yardland. [Obs.] 5. A border, limit, or boundary of a space; an edge, margin, or brink of something definite in extent. Even though we go to the extreme verge of possibility to invent a supposition favorable to it, the theory . . . implies an absurdity. J. S. Mill. But on the horizon's verge descried, Hangs, touched with light, one snowy sail. M. Arnold. 6. A circumference; a circle; a ring. The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak. 7. (Arch.) (a) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft. Oxf. Gloss. (b) The edge of the tiling projecting over the gable of a roof. Encyc. Brit. 8. (Horol.) The spindle of a watch balance, especially one with pallets, as in the old vertical escapement. See under Escapement. 9. (Hort.) (a) The edge or outside of a bed or border. (b) A slip of grass adjoining gravel walks, and dividing them from the borders in a parterre. 10. The penis. 11. (Zoöl.) The external male organ of certain mollusks, worms, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Syn. -- Border; edge; rim; brim; margin; brink.\n\n1. To border upon; to tend; to incline; to come near; to approach. 2. To tend downward; to bend; to slope; as, a hill verges to the north. Our soul, from original instinct, vergeth towards him as its center. Barrow. I find myself verging to that period of life which is to be labor and sorrow. Swift.", "verged": null, @@ -84150,36 +74725,23 @@ "veritably": null, "verities": null, "verity": "1. The quality or state of being true, or real; consonance of a statement, proposition, or other thing, with fact; truth; reality. \"The verity of certain words.\" Shak. It is a proposition of eternal verity, that none can govern while he is despised. South. 2. That which is true; a true assertion or tenet; a truth; a reality. Mark what I say, which you shall find By every syllable a faithful verity. Shak.", - "verizon": null, - "verlaine": null, - "vermeer": null, "vermicelli": "The flour of a hard and small-grained wheat made into dough, and forced through small cylinders or pipes till it takes a slender, wormlike form, whence the Italian name. When the paste is made in larger tubes, it is called macaroni.", "vermiculite": "A group of minerals having, a micaceous structure. They are hydrous silicates, derived generally from the alteration of some kind of mica. So called because the scales, when heated, open out into wormlike forms.", "vermiform": "Resembling a worm in form or motions; vermicular; as, the vermiform process of the cerebellum. Vermiform appendix (Anat.), a slender blind process of the cæcum in man and some other animals; -- called also vermiform appendage, and vermiform process. Small solid bodies, such as grape seeds or cherry stones, sometimes lodge in it, causing serious, or even fatal, inflammation. See Illust. under Digestion.", "vermilion": "1. (Chem.) A bright red pigment consisting of mercuric sulphide, obtained either from the mineral cinnabar or artificially. It has a fine red color, and is much used in coloring sealing wax, in printing, etc. Note: The kermes insect has long been used for dyeing red or scarlet. It was formerly known as the worm dye, vermiculus, or vermiculum, and the cloth was called vermiculatia. Hence came the French vermeil for any red dye, and hence the modern name vermilion, although the substance it denotes is very different from the kermes, being a compound of mercury and sulphur. R. Hunt. 2. Hence, a red color like the pigment; a lively and brilliant red; as, cheeks of vermilion.\n\nTo color with vermilion, or as if with vermilion; to dye red; to cover with a delicate red.", "vermin": "1. An animal, in general. [Obs.] Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and vermin, and worms, and fowls. Acts x. 12. (Geneva Bible). This crocodile is a mischievous fourfooted beast, a dangerous vermin, used to both elements. Holland. 2. A noxious or mischievous animal; especially, noxious little animals or insects, collectively, as squirrels, rats, mice, flies, lice, bugs, etc. \"Cruel hounds or some foul vermin.\" Chaucer. Great injuries these vermin, mice and rats, do in the field. Mortimer. They disdain such vermin when the mighty boar of the forest . . . is before them. Burke. 3. Hence, in contempt, noxious human beings. You are my prisoners, base vermin. Hudibras.", "verminous": "1. Tending to breed vermin; infested by vermin. Some . . . verminous disposition of the body. Harvey. 2. Caused by, or arising from the presence of, vermin; as, verminous disease.", - "vermont": null, - "vermonter": null, - "vermonters": null, "vermouth": null, - "vern": null, - "verna": null, "vernacular": "Belonging to the country of one's birth; one's own by birth or nature; native; indigenous; -- now used chiefly of language; as, English is our vernacular language. \"A vernacular disease.\" Harvey. His skill the vernacular dialect of the Celtic tongue. Fuller. Which in our vernacular idiom may be thus interpreted. Pope.\n\nThe vernacular language; one's mother tongue; often, the common forms of expression in a particular locality.", "vernaculars": "Belonging to the country of one's birth; one's own by birth or nature; native; indigenous; -- now used chiefly of language; as, English is our vernacular language. \"A vernacular disease.\" Harvey. His skill the vernacular dialect of the Celtic tongue. Fuller. Which in our vernacular idiom may be thus interpreted. Pope.\n\nThe vernacular language; one's mother tongue; often, the common forms of expression in a particular locality.", "vernal": "1. Of or pertaining to the spring; appearing in the spring; as, vernal bloom. 2. Fig.: Belonging to youth, the spring of life. When after the long vernal day of life. Thomson. And seems it hard thy vernal years Few vernal joys can show Keble. Vernal equinox (Astron.), the time when the sun crosses the equator when proceeding northward. -- Vernal grass (Bot.), a low, soft grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), producing in the spring narrow spikelike panicles, and noted for the delicious fragrance which it gives to new-mown hay; -- also called sweet vernal grass. See Illust. in Appendix. -- Vernal signs (Astron.), the signs, Aries, Taurus, and Gemini, in which the sun appears between the vernal equinox and summer solstice.", - "verne": null, "vernier": "A short scale made to slide along the divisions of a graduated instrument, as the limb of a sextant, or the scale of a barometer, for indicating parts of divisions. It is so graduated that a certain convenient number of its divisions are just equal to a certain number, either one less or one more, of the divisions of the instrument, so that parts of a division are determined by observing what line on the vernier coincides with a line on the instrument. Vernier calipers, Vernier gauge, a gauge with a graduated bar and a sliding jaw bearing a vernier, used for accurate measurements. -- Vernier compass, a surveyor's compass with a vernier for the accurate adjustment of the zero point in accordance with magnetic variation. -- Vernier transit, a surveyor's transit instrument with a vernier compass.", "verniers": "A short scale made to slide along the divisions of a graduated instrument, as the limb of a sextant, or the scale of a barometer, for indicating parts of divisions. It is so graduated that a certain convenient number of its divisions are just equal to a certain number, either one less or one more, of the divisions of the instrument, so that parts of a division are determined by observing what line on the vernier coincides with a line on the instrument. Vernier calipers, Vernier gauge, a gauge with a graduated bar and a sliding jaw bearing a vernier, used for accurate measurements. -- Vernier compass, a surveyor's compass with a vernier for the accurate adjustment of the zero point in accordance with magnetic variation. -- Vernier transit, a surveyor's transit instrument with a vernier compass.", - "vernon": null, - "verona": null, - "veronese": "Of or pertaining to Verona, in Italy. -- n. sing. & pl. A native of Verona; collectively, the people of Verona.", "veronica": "1. A portrait or representation of the face of our Savior on the alleged handkerchief of Saint Veronica, preserved at Rome; hence, a representation of this portrait, or any similar representation of the face of the Savior. Formerly called also Vernacle, and Vernicle. 2. (Bot.) A genus scrophulariaceous plants; the speedwell. See Speedwell. Note: Several herbaceous species are common in both Europe and America, most of which have small blue flowers. A few shrubby species from New Zealand are sometimes found in cultivation.", "verruca": "1. (Med.) A wart. 2. (Zoöl.) A wartlike elevation or roughness.", "verrucae": null, "verrucas": "1. (Med.) A wart. 2. (Zoöl.) A wartlike elevation or roughness.", "versa": null, - "versailles": null, "versatile": "1. Capable of being turned round. Harte. 2. Liable to be turned in opinion; changeable; variable; unsteady; inconstant; as versatile disposition. 3. Turning with ease from one thing to another; readily applied to a new task, or to various subjects; many-sided; as, versatile genius; a versatile politician. Conspicuous among the youths of high promise . . . was the quick and versatile [Charles] Montagu. Macaulay. 4. (Nat. Hist.) Capable of turning; freely movable; as, a versatile anther, which is fixed at one point to the filament, and hence is very easily turned around; a versatile toe of a bird. -- Ver\"sa*tile*ly, adv. -- -- Ver\"sa*tile*ness, n.", "versatility": "The quality or state of being versatile; versatileness.", "verse": "1. A line consisting of a certain number of metrical feet (see Foot, n., 9) disposed according to metrical rules. Note: Verses are of various kinds, as hexameter, pentameter, tetrameter, etc., according to the number of feet in each. A verse of twelve syllables is called an Alexandrine. Two or more verses form a stanza or strophe. 2. Metrical arrangement and language; that which is composed in metrical form; versification; poetry. Such prompt eloquence Flowed from their lips in prose or numerous verse. Milton. Virtue was taught in verse. Prior. Verse embalms virtue. Donne. 3. A short division of any composition. Specifically: -- (a) A stanza; a stave; as, a hymn of four verses. Note: Although this use of verse is common, it is objectionable, because not always distinguishable from the stricter use in the sense of a line. (b) (Script.) One of the short divisions of the chapters in the Old and New Testaments. Note: The author of the division of the Old Testament into verses is not ascertained. The New Testament was divided into verses by Robert Stephens [or Estienne], a French printer. This arrangement appeared for the first time in an edition printed at Geneva, in 1551. (c) (Mus.) A portion of an anthem to be performed by a single voice to each part. 4. A piece of poetry. \"This verse be thine.\" Pope. Blank verse, poetry in which the lines do not end in rhymes. -- Heroic verse. See under Heroic.\n\nTo tell in verse, or poetry. [Obs.] Playing on pipes of corn and versing love. Shak.\n\nTo make verses; to versify. [Obs.] It is not rhyming and versing that maketh a poet. Sir P. Sidney.", @@ -84216,19 +74778,15 @@ "vertigo": "1. (Med.) Dizziness or swimming of the head; an affection of the head in which objects, though stationary, appear to move in various directions, and the person affected finds it difficult to maintain an erect posture; giddiness. Quian. 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small land snails belonging to the genus Vertigo, having an elongated or conical spiral shell and usually teeth in the aperture.", "verve": "Excitement of imagination such as animates a poet, artist, or musician, in composing or performing; rapture; enthusiasm; spirit; energy.", "very": "True; real; actual; veritable. Whether thou be my very son Esau or not. Gen. xxvii. 21. He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends. Prov. xvii. 9. The very essence of truth is plainness and brightness. Milton. I looked on the consideration of public service or public ornament to be real and very justice. Burke. Note: Very is sometimes used to make the word with which it is connected emphatic, and may then be paraphrased by same, self-same, itself, and the like. \"The very hand, the very words.\" Shak. \"The very rats instinctively have quit it.\" Shak. \"Yea, there where very desolation dwells.\" Milton. Very is used occasionally in the comparative degree, and more frequently in the superlative. \"Was not my lord the verier wag of the two\" Shak. \"The veriest hermit in the nation.\" Pope. \"He had spoken the very truth, and transformed it into the veriest falsehood.\" Hawthorne. Very Reverend. See the Note under Reverend.\n\nIn a high degree; to no small extent; exceedingly; excessively; extremely; as, a very great mountain; a very bright sum; a very cold day; the river flows very rapidly; he was very much hurt. VERY'S NIGHT SIGNALS; VERY NIGHT SIGNALS; VERY'S LIGHT SIGNALS; VERY", - "vesalius": null, "vesicle": "A bladderlike vessel; a membranous cavity; a cyst; a cell. Specifically: --(a) (Bot.) A small bladderlike body in the substance of vegetable, or upon the surface of a leaf. (b) (Med.) A small, and more or less circular, elevation of the cuticle, containing a clear watery fluid. (c) (Anat.) A cavity or sac, especially one filled with fluid; as, the umbilical vesicle. (d) (Zoöl.) A small convex hollow prominence on the surface of a shell or a coral. (e) (Geol.) A small cavity, nearly spherical in form, and usually of the size of a pea or smaller, such as are common in some volcanic rocks. They are produced by the liberation of watery vapor in the molten mass.", "vesicles": "A bladderlike vessel; a membranous cavity; a cyst; a cell. Specifically: --(a) (Bot.) A small bladderlike body in the substance of vegetable, or upon the surface of a leaf. (b) (Med.) A small, and more or less circular, elevation of the cuticle, containing a clear watery fluid. (c) (Anat.) A cavity or sac, especially one filled with fluid; as, the umbilical vesicle. (d) (Zoöl.) A small convex hollow prominence on the surface of a shell or a coral. (e) (Geol.) A small cavity, nearly spherical in form, and usually of the size of a pea or smaller, such as are common in some volcanic rocks. They are produced by the liberation of watery vapor in the molten mass.", "vesicular": "1. Of or pertaining to vesicles; esp., of or pertaining to the air vesicles, or air cells, of the lungs; as, vesicular breathing, or normal breathing, in which the air enters freely the air vesicles of the lungs. 2. Containing, or composed of, vesicles or vesiclelike structures; covered with vesicles or bladders; vesiculate; as, vesicular coral; vesicular lava; a vesicular leaf. 3. Having the form or structure of a vesicle; as, a vesicular body. Vesicular column (Anat.), a series of nerve cells forming one of the tracts distinguished in the spinal; -- also called the ganglionic column. -- Vesicular emphysema (Med.), emphysema of the lungs, in which the air vesicles are distended and their walls ruptured. -- Vesicular murmur (Med.), the sound, audible on auscultation of the chest, made by the air entering and leaving the air vesicles of the lungs in respiration.", "vesiculate": "Bladdery; full of, or covered with, bladders; vesicular.\n\nTo form vesicles in, as lava.", - "vespasian": null, "vesper": "The evening star; Hesper; Venus, when seen after sunset; hence, the evening. Shak.\n\nOf or pertaining to the evening, or to the service of vespers; as, a vesper hymn; vesper bells. Vesper sparrow, the grass finch. See under Grass.", "vespers": "(a) One of the little hours of the Breviary. (b) The evening song or service. Sicilian vespers. See under Sicilian, a.", - "vespucci": null, "vessel": "1. A hollow or concave utensil for holding anything; a hollow receptacle of any kind, as a hogshead, a barrel, a firkin, a bottle, a kettle, a cup, a bowl, etc. [They drank] out of these noble vessels. Chaucer. 2. A general name for any hollow structure made to float upon the water for purposes of navigation; especially, one that is larger than a common rowboat; as, a war vessel; a passenger vessel. [He] began to build a vessel of huge bulk. Milton. 3. Fig.: A person regarded as receiving or containing something; esp. (Script.), one into whom something is conceived as poured, or in whom something is stored for use; as, vessels of wrath or mercy. He is a chosen vessel unto me. Acts ix. 15. [The serpent] fit vessel, fittest imp of fraud, in whom To enter. Milton. 4. (Anat.) Any tube or canal in which the blood or other fluids are contained, secreted, or circulated, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, etc. 5. (Bot.) A continuous tube formed from superposed large cylindrical or prismatic cells (tracheæ), which have lost their intervening partitions, and are usually marked with dots, pits, rings, or spirals by internal deposition of secondary membranes; a duct. Acoustic vessels. See under Acoustic. -- Weaker vessel, a woman; -- now applied humorously. \"Giving honor unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel.\" 1 Peter iii. 7. \"You are the weaker vessel.\" Shak.\n\nTo put into a vessel. [Obs.] Bacon.", "vessels": "1. A hollow or concave utensil for holding anything; a hollow receptacle of any kind, as a hogshead, a barrel, a firkin, a bottle, a kettle, a cup, a bowl, etc. [They drank] out of these noble vessels. Chaucer. 2. A general name for any hollow structure made to float upon the water for purposes of navigation; especially, one that is larger than a common rowboat; as, a war vessel; a passenger vessel. [He] began to build a vessel of huge bulk. Milton. 3. Fig.: A person regarded as receiving or containing something; esp. (Script.), one into whom something is conceived as poured, or in whom something is stored for use; as, vessels of wrath or mercy. He is a chosen vessel unto me. Acts ix. 15. [The serpent] fit vessel, fittest imp of fraud, in whom To enter. Milton. 4. (Anat.) Any tube or canal in which the blood or other fluids are contained, secreted, or circulated, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, etc. 5. (Bot.) A continuous tube formed from superposed large cylindrical or prismatic cells (tracheæ), which have lost their intervening partitions, and are usually marked with dots, pits, rings, or spirals by internal deposition of secondary membranes; a duct. Acoustic vessels. See under Acoustic. -- Weaker vessel, a woman; -- now applied humorously. \"Giving honor unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel.\" 1 Peter iii. 7. \"You are the weaker vessel.\" Shak.\n\nTo put into a vessel. [Obs.] Bacon.", "vest": "1. An article of clothing covering the person; an outer garment; a vestment; a dress; a vesture; a robe. In state attended by her maiden train, Who bore the vests that holy rites require. Dryden. 2. Any outer covering; array; garb. Not seldom clothed in radiant vest Deceitfully goes forth the morn. Wordsworth. 3. Specifically, a waistcoat, or sleeveless body garment, for men, worn under the coat. Syn. -- Garment; vesture; dress; robe; vestment; waistcoat. -- Vest, Waistcoat. In England, the original word waistcoat is generally used for the body garment worn over the shirt and immediately under the coat. In the United States this garment is commonly called a vest, and the waistcoat is often improperly given to an under-garment.\n\n1. To clothe with, or as with, a vestment, or garment; to dress; to robe; to cover, surround, or encompass closely. Came vested all in white, pure as her mind. Milton. With ether vested, and a purple sky. Dryden. 2. To clothe with authority, power, or the like; to put in possession; to invest; to furnish; to endow; -- followed by with before the thing conferred; as, to vest a court with power to try cases of life and death. Had I been vested with the monarch's power. Prior. 3. To place or give into the possession or discretion of some person or authority; to commit to another; -- with in before the possessor; as, the power of life and death is vested in the king, or in the courts. Empire and dominion was [were] vested in him. Locke. 4. To invest; to put; as, to vest money in goods, land, or houses. [R.] 5. (Law) To clothe with possession; as, to vest a person with an estate; also, to give a person an immediate fixed right of present or future enjoyment of; as, an estate is vested in possession. Bouvier.\n\nTo come or descend; to be fixed; to take effect, as a title or right; -- followed by in; as, upon the death of the ancestor, the estate, or the right to the estate, vests in the heir at law.", - "vesta": "1. (Rom. Myth.) One of the great divinities of the ancient Romans, identical with the Greek Hestia. She was a virgin, and the goddess of the hearth; hence, also, of the fire on it, and the family round it. 2. (Astron.) An asteroid, or minor planet, discovered by Olbers in 1807. 3. A wax friction match. Simmonds.", "vestal": "Of or pertaining to Vesta, the virgin goddess of the hearth; hence, pure; chaste.\n\n1. (Rom. Antiq.) A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the service of watching the sacred fire, which was to be perpetually kept burning upon her altar. Note: The Vestals were originally four, but afterward six, in number. Their term of service lasted thirty years, the period of admission being from the sixth to the tenth year of the candidate's age. 2. A virgin; a woman pure and chaste; also, a nun. How happy is the blameless vestal's lot! Pope.", "vestals": "Of or pertaining to Vesta, the virgin goddess of the hearth; hence, pure; chaste.\n\n1. (Rom. Antiq.) A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the service of watching the sacred fire, which was to be perpetually kept burning upon her altar. Note: The Vestals were originally four, but afterward six, in number. Their term of service lasted thirty years, the period of admission being from the sixth to the tenth year of the candidate's age. 2. A virgin; a woman pure and chaste; also, a nun. How happy is the blameless vestal's lot! Pope.", "vested": "1. Clothed; robed; wearing vestments. \"The vested priest.\" Milton. 2. (Law) Not in a state of contingency or suspension; fixed; as, vested rights; vested interests. Vested legacy (Law), a legacy the right to which commences in præsenti, and does not depend on a contingency; as, a legacy to one to be paid when he attains to twenty-one years of age is a vested legacy, and if the legatee dies before the testator, his representative shall receive it. Blackstone. -- Vested remainder (Law), an estate settled, to remain to a determined person, after the particular estate is spent. Blackstone. Kent.", @@ -84246,7 +74804,6 @@ "vestryman": "A member of a vestry; especially (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a member other than a warden. See Vestry.", "vestrymen": null, "vests": "1. An article of clothing covering the person; an outer garment; a vestment; a dress; a vesture; a robe. In state attended by her maiden train, Who bore the vests that holy rites require. Dryden. 2. Any outer covering; array; garb. Not seldom clothed in radiant vest Deceitfully goes forth the morn. Wordsworth. 3. Specifically, a waistcoat, or sleeveless body garment, for men, worn under the coat. Syn. -- Garment; vesture; dress; robe; vestment; waistcoat. -- Vest, Waistcoat. In England, the original word waistcoat is generally used for the body garment worn over the shirt and immediately under the coat. In the United States this garment is commonly called a vest, and the waistcoat is often improperly given to an under-garment.\n\n1. To clothe with, or as with, a vestment, or garment; to dress; to robe; to cover, surround, or encompass closely. Came vested all in white, pure as her mind. Milton. With ether vested, and a purple sky. Dryden. 2. To clothe with authority, power, or the like; to put in possession; to invest; to furnish; to endow; -- followed by with before the thing conferred; as, to vest a court with power to try cases of life and death. Had I been vested with the monarch's power. Prior. 3. To place or give into the possession or discretion of some person or authority; to commit to another; -- with in before the possessor; as, the power of life and death is vested in the king, or in the courts. Empire and dominion was [were] vested in him. Locke. 4. To invest; to put; as, to vest money in goods, land, or houses. [R.] 5. (Law) To clothe with possession; as, to vest a person with an estate; also, to give a person an immediate fixed right of present or future enjoyment of; as, an estate is vested in possession. Bouvier.\n\nTo come or descend; to be fixed; to take effect, as a title or right; -- followed by in; as, upon the death of the ancestor, the estate, or the right to the estate, vests in the heir at law.", - "vesuvius": null, "vet": null, "vetch": "Any leguminous plant of the genus Vicia, some species of which are valuable for fodder. The common species is V. sativa. Note: The name is also applied to many other leguminous plants of different genera; as the chichling vetch, of the genus Lathyrus; the horse vetch, of the genus Hippocrepis; the kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria); the milk vetch, of the genus Astragalus; the licorice vetch, or wild licorice (Abrus precatorius).", "vetches": null, @@ -84271,21 +74828,13 @@ "vexed": "1. Annoyed; harassed; troubled. 2. Much debated or contested; causing discussion; as, a vexed question.", "vexes": null, "vexing": null, - "vf": null, - "vfw": null, - "vg": null, - "vga": null, "vhf": null, - "vhs": null, - "vi": null, "via": "A road way. Via Lactea Etym: [L.] (Anat.), the Milky Way, or Galaxy. See Galaxy, 1. -- Via media Etym: [L.] (Theol.), the middle way; -- a name applied to their own position by the Anglican high-churchmen, as being between the Roman Catholic Church and what they term extreme Protestantism.\n\nBy the way of; as, to send a letter via Queenstown to London.", "viability": "The quality or state of being viable. Specifically: --(a) (Law) The capacity of living after birth. Bouvier. (b) The capacity of living, or being distributed, over wide geographical limits; as, the viability of a species.", "viable": "Capable of living; born alive and with such form and development of organs as to be capable of living; -- said of a newborn, or a prematurely born, infant. Note: Unless he [an infant] is born viable, he acquires no rights, and can not transmit them to his heirs, and is considered as if he had never been born. Bouvier.", "viably": null, - "viacom": null, "viaduct": "A structure of considerable magnitude, usually with arches or supported on trestles, for carrying a road, as a railroad, high above the ground or water; a bridge; especially, one for crossing a valley or a gorge. Cf. Trestlework.", "viaducts": "A structure of considerable magnitude, usually with arches or supported on trestles, for carrying a road, as a railroad, high above the ground or water; a bridge; especially, one for crossing a valley or a gorge. Cf. Trestlework.", - "viagra": null, "vial": "A small bottle, usually of glass; a little glass vessel with a narrow aperture intended to be closed with a stopper; as, a vial of medicine. [Written also phial.] Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor thou off. Shak.\n\nTo put in a vial or vials. \"Precious vialed liquors.\" Milton.", "vials": "A small bottle, usually of glass; a little glass vessel with a narrow aperture intended to be closed with a stopper; as, a vial of medicine. [Written also phial.] Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor thou off. Shak.\n\nTo put in a vial or vials. \"Precious vialed liquors.\" Milton.", "viand": "An article of food; provisions; food; victuals; -- used chiefly in the plural. Cowper. Viands of various kinds allure the taste. Pope.", @@ -84314,7 +74863,6 @@ "vibratos": null, "viburnum": "A genus of shrubs having opposite, petiolate leaves and cymose flowers, several species of which are cultivated as ornamental, as the laurestine and the guelder-rose.", "viburnums": "A genus of shrubs having opposite, petiolate leaves and cymose flowers, several species of which are cultivated as ornamental, as the laurestine and the guelder-rose.", - "vic": null, "vicar": "1. One deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a substitute in office; a deputy. [R.] 2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) The incumbent of an appropriated benefice. Note: The distinction between a parson [or rector] and vicar is this: The parson has, for the most part, the whole right to the ecclesiastical dues in his parish; but a vicar has generally an appropriator over him, entitled to the best part of the profits, to whom he is in fact perpetual curate with a standing salary. Burrill. Apostolic vicar, or Vicar apostolic. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A bishop to whom the Roman pontiff delegates a portion of his jurisdiction. (b) Any ecclesiastic acting under a papal brief, commissioned to exercise episcopal authority. (c) A titular bishop in a country where there is no episcopal see, or where the succession has been interrupted. -- Vicar forane. Etym: [Cf. LL. foraneus situated outside of the episcopal city, rural. See Vicar, and Foreign.] (R. C. Ch.) A dignitary or parish priest appointed by a bishop to exercise a limited jurisdiction in a particular town or district of a diocese. Addis & Arnold. -- Vicar-general. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) The deputy of the Archbishop of Canterbury or York, in whose court the bishops of the province are confirmed. Encyc. Brit. (b) (R. C. Ch.) An assistant to a bishop in the discharge of his official functions. -- Vicar of Jesus Christ (R. C. Ch.), the pope as representing Christ on earth.", "vicarage": "1. The benefice of a vicar. 2. The house or residence of a vicar.", "vicarages": "1. The benefice of a vicar. 2. The house or residence of a vicar.", @@ -84327,12 +74875,10 @@ "vicegerent": "Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another. Milton.\n\nHaving or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another. Milton.\n\nAn officer who is deputed by a superior, or by proper authority, to exercise the powers of another; a lieutenant; a vicar. Bacon. The symbol and vicegerent of the Deity. C. A. Young.", "vicegerents": "Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another. Milton.\n\nHaving or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another. Milton.\n\nAn officer who is deputed by a superior, or by proper authority, to exercise the powers of another; a lieutenant; a vicar. Bacon. The symbol and vicegerent of the Deity. C. A. Young.", "vicennial": "1. Lasting or comprising twenty years. 2. Happening once in twenty years; as, a vicennial celebration.", - "vicente": null, "viceregal": null, "viceroy": "1. The governor of a country or province who rules in the name of the sovereign with regal authority, as the king's substitute; as, the viceroy of India. 2. (Zoöl.) A large and handsome American butterfly (Basilarchia, or Limenitis, archippus). Its wings are orange-red, with black lines along the nervures and a row of white spots along the outer margins. The larvæ feed on willow, poplar, and apple trees.", "viceroys": "1. The governor of a country or province who rules in the name of the sovereign with regal authority, as the king's substitute; as, the viceroy of India. 2. (Zoöl.) A large and handsome American butterfly (Basilarchia, or Limenitis, archippus). Its wings are orange-red, with black lines along the nervures and a row of white spots along the outer margins. The larvæ feed on willow, poplar, and apple trees.", "vices": "1. A defect; a fault; an error; a blemish; an imperfection; as, the vices of a political constitution; the vices of a horse. Withouten vice of syllable or letter. Chaucer. Mark the vice of the procedure. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. A moral fault or failing; especially, immoral conduct or habit, as in the indulgence of degrading appetites; customary deviation in a single respect, or in general, from a right standard, implying a defect of natural character, or the result of training and habits; a harmful custom; immorality; depravity; wickedness; as, a life of vice; the vice of intemperance. I do confess the vices of my blood. Shak. Ungoverned appetite . . . a brutish vice. Milton. When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a private station. Addison. 3. The buffoon of the old English moralities, or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice, sometimes of another, or of Vice itself; -- called also Iniquity. Note: This character was grotesquely dressed in a cap with ass's ears, and was armed with a dagger of lath: one of his chief employments was to make sport with the Devil, leaping on his back, and belaboring him with the dagger of lath till he made him roar. The Devil, however, always carried him off in the end. Nares. How like you the Vice in the play . . . I would not give a rush for a Vice that has not a wooden dagger to snap at everybody. B. Jonson. Syn. -- Crime; sin; iniquity; fault. See Crime.\n\n1. (Mech.) A kind of instrument for holding work, as in filing. Same as Vise. 2. A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for casements. [Written also vise.] 3. A gripe or grasp. [Obs.] Shak.\n\nTo hold or squeeze with a vice, or as if with a vice. Shak. The coachman's hand was viced between his upper and lower thigh. De Quincey.\n\nIn the place of; in the stead; as, A. B. was appointed postmaster vice C. D. resigned.\n\nDenoting one who in certain cases may assume the office or duties of a superior; designating an officer or an office that is second in rank or authority; as, vice president; vice agent; vice consul, etc. Vice admiral. Etym: [Cf. F. vice-amiral.] (a) An officer holding rank next below an admiral. By the existing laws, the rank of admiral and vice admiral in the United States Navy will cease at the death of the present incumbents. (b) A civil officer, in Great Britain, appointed by the lords commissioners of the admiralty for exercising admiralty jurisdiction within their respective districts. -- Vice admiralty, the office of a vice admiral. -- Vice-admiralty court, a court with admiralty jurisdiction, established by authority of Parliament in British possessions beyond the seas. Abbott. -- Vice chamberlain, an officer in court next in rank to the lord chamberlain. [Eng.] -- Vice chancellor. (a) (Law) An officer next in rank to a chancellor. (b) An officer in a university, chosen to perform certain duties, as the conferring of degrees, in the absence of the chancellor. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The cardinal at the head of the Roman Chancery. -- Vice consul Etym: [cf. F. vice-consul], a subordinate officer, authorized to exercise consular functions in some particular part of a district controlled by a consul. -- Vice king, one who acts in the place of a king; a viceroy. -- Vice legate Etym: [cf. F. vice-légat], a legate second in rank to, or acting in place of, another legate. -- Vice presidency, the office of vice president. -- Vice president Etym: [cf. F. vice-président], an officer next in rank below a president.", - "vichy": null, "vichyssoise": null, "vicing": null, "vicinity": "1. The quality or state of being near, or not remote; nearness; propinquity; proximity; as, the value of the estate was increased by the vicinity of two country seats. A vicinity of disposition and relative tempers. Jer. Taylor. 2. That which is near, or not remote; that which is adjacent to anything; adjoining space or country; neighborhood. \"The vicinity of the sun.\" Bentley. Syn. -- Neighborhood; vicinage. See Neighborhood.", @@ -84341,10 +74887,6 @@ "viciousness": null, "vicissitude": "1. Regular change or succession from one thing to another; alternation; mutual succession; interchange. God made two great lights . . . To illuminate the earth and rule the day In their vicissitude, and rule the night. Milton. 2. Irregular change; revolution; mutation. This man had, after many vicissitudes of fortune, sunk at last into abject and hopeless poverty. Macaulay.", "vicissitudes": "1. Regular change or succession from one thing to another; alternation; mutual succession; interchange. God made two great lights . . . To illuminate the earth and rule the day In their vicissitude, and rule the night. Milton. 2. Irregular change; revolution; mutation. This man had, after many vicissitudes of fortune, sunk at last into abject and hopeless poverty. Macaulay.", - "vicki": null, - "vickie": null, - "vicksburg": null, - "vicky": null, "victim": "1. A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a religious rite; a creature immolated, or made an offering of. Led like a victim, to my death I'll go. Dryden. 2. A person or thing destroyed or sacrificed in the pursuit of an object, or in gratification of a passion; as, a victim to jealousy, lust, or ambition. 3. A person or living creature destroyed by, or suffering grievous injury from, another, from fortune or from accident; as, the victim of a defaulter; the victim of a railroad accident. 4. Hence, one who is duped, or cheated; a dupe; a gull. [Colloq.]", "victimization": null, "victimize": "To make a victim of, esp. by deception; to dupe; to cheat.", @@ -84354,24 +74896,17 @@ "victimless": null, "victims": "1. A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a religious rite; a creature immolated, or made an offering of. Led like a victim, to my death I'll go. Dryden. 2. A person or thing destroyed or sacrificed in the pursuit of an object, or in gratification of a passion; as, a victim to jealousy, lust, or ambition. 3. A person or living creature destroyed by, or suffering grievous injury from, another, from fortune or from accident; as, the victim of a defaulter; the victim of a railroad accident. 4. Hence, one who is duped, or cheated; a dupe; a gull. [Colloq.]", "victor": "1. The winner in a contest; one who gets the better of another in any struggle; esp., one who defeats an enemy in battle; a vanquisher; a conqueror; -- often followed by art, rarely by of. In love, the victors from the vanquished fly; They fly that wound, and they pursue that die. Waller. 2. A destroyer. [R. & Poetic] There, victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this lord of useless thousands ends. Pope.\n\nVictorious. \"The victor Greeks.\" Pope.", - "victoria": "1. (Bot.) A genus of aquatic plants named in honor of Queen Victoria. The Victoria regia is a native of Guiana and Brazil. Its large, spreading leaves are often over five feet in diameter, and have a rim from three to five inches high; its immense rose-white flowers sometimes attain a diameter of nearly two feet. 2. A kind of low four-wheeled pleasure carriage, with a calash top, designed for two persons and the driver who occupies a high seat in front. 3. (Astron.) An asteroid discovered by Hind in 1850; -- called also Clio. Victoria cross, a bronze Maltese cross, awarded for valor to members of the British army or navy. It was first bestowed in 1857, at the close of the Crimean war. The recipients also have a pension of £10 a year. -- Victoria green. (Chem.) See Emerald green, under Green. -- Victoria lily (Bot.), the Victoria regia. See def. 1, above.", - "victorian": "Of or pertaining to the reign of Queen Victoria of England; as, the Victorian poets. Victorian period. See Dionysian period, under Dyonysian.", - "victorianism": null, - "victorians": "Of or pertaining to the reign of Queen Victoria of England; as, the Victorian poets. Victorian period. See Dionysian period, under Dyonysian.", "victories": null, "victorious": "Of or pertaining to victory, or a victor' being a victor; bringing or causing a victory; conquering; winning; triumphant; as, a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious day. But I shall rise victorious, and subdue My vanquisher. Milton. Now are our brows bound wind victorious wreaths. Shak. -- Vic*to\"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Vic*to\"ri*ous*ness, n.", "victoriously": null, "victors": "1. The winner in a contest; one who gets the better of another in any struggle; esp., one who defeats an enemy in battle; a vanquisher; a conqueror; -- often followed by art, rarely by of. In love, the victors from the vanquished fly; They fly that wound, and they pursue that die. Waller. 2. A destroyer. [R. & Poetic] There, victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this lord of useless thousands ends. Pope.\n\nVictorious. \"The victor Greeks.\" Pope.", - "victorville": null, "victory": "The defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in any contest; a gaining of the superiority in any struggle or competition; conquest; triumph; -- the opposite of Ant: defeat. Death is swallowed up in victory. 1 Cor. xv. 54. God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak. Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels, of a nation. Bolingbroke.", - "victrola": null, "victual": "1. Food; -- now used chiefly in the plural. See Victuals. 2 Chron. xi. 23. Shak. He was not able to keep that place three days for lack of victual. Knolles. There came a fair-hair'd youth, that in his hand Bare victual for the movers. Tennyson. Short allowance of victual. Longfellow. 2. Grain of any kind. [Scot.] Jamieson.\n\nTo supply with provisions for subsistence; to provide with food; to store with sustenance; as, to victual an army; to victual a ship. I must go victual Orleans forthwith. Shak.", "victualed": null, "victualing": "Of or pertaining to victuals, or provisions; supplying provisions; as, a victualing ship.", "victuals": "Food for human beings, esp. when it is cooked or prepared for the table; that which supports human life; provisions; sustenance; meat; viands. Then had we plenty of victuals. Jer. xliv. 17.", "vicuna": "A South American mammal (Auchenia vicunna) native of the elevated plains of the Andes, allied to the llama but smaller. It has a thick coat of very fine reddish brown wool, and long, pendent white hair on the breast and belly. It is hunted for its wool and flesh.", "vicunas": "A South American mammal (Auchenia vicunna) native of the elevated plains of the Andes, allied to the llama but smaller. It has a thick coat of very fine reddish brown wool, and long, pendent white hair on the breast and belly. It is hunted for its wool and flesh.", - "vidal": null, "videlicet": "To wit; namely; -- often abbreviated to viz.", "video": null, "videocassette": null, @@ -84391,14 +74926,7 @@ "videotex": null, "vie": "1. To stake a sum upon a hand of cards, as in the old game of gleek. See Revie. [Obs.] 2. To strive for superiority; to contend; to use emulous effort, as in a race, contest, or competition. In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in such a way of life as . . . to vie with the best of their family. Addison. While Waterloo with Cannæ's carnage vies. Byron.\n\n1. To stake; to wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. To do or produce in emulation, competition, or rivalry; to put in competition; to bandy. [Obs.] She hung about my neck; and kiss on kiss She vied so fast. Shak. Nor was he set over us to vie wisdom with his Parliament, but to be guided by them. Milton. And vying malice with my gentleness, Pick quarrels with their only happiness. Herbert.\n\nA contest for superiority; competition; rivalry; strife; also, a challenge; a wager. [Obs.] We 'll all to church together instantly, And then a vie for boys. J. Fletcher.", "vied": null, - "vienna": null, - "viennese": "Of or pertaining to Vienna, or people of Vienna. -- n. sing. & pl. An inhabitant, or the inhabitants, of Vienna.", - "vientiane": null, "vies": "1. To stake a sum upon a hand of cards, as in the old game of gleek. See Revie. [Obs.] 2. To strive for superiority; to contend; to use emulous effort, as in a race, contest, or competition. In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in such a way of life as . . . to vie with the best of their family. Addison. While Waterloo with Cannæ's carnage vies. Byron.\n\n1. To stake; to wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. To do or produce in emulation, competition, or rivalry; to put in competition; to bandy. [Obs.] She hung about my neck; and kiss on kiss She vied so fast. Shak. Nor was he set over us to vie wisdom with his Parliament, but to be guided by them. Milton. And vying malice with my gentleness, Pick quarrels with their only happiness. Herbert.\n\nA contest for superiority; competition; rivalry; strife; also, a challenge; a wager. [Obs.] We 'll all to church together instantly, And then a vie for boys. J. Fletcher.", - "vietcong": null, - "vietminh": null, - "vietnam": null, - "vietnamese": null, "view": "1. The act of seeing or beholding; sight; look; survey; examination by the eye; inspection. Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view. Milton. Objects near our view are thought greater than those of a larger size are more remote. Locke. Surveying nature with too nice a view. Dryden. 2. Mental survey; intellectual perception or examination; as, a just view of the arguments or facts in a case. I have with exact view perused thee, Hector. Shak. 3. Power of seeing, either physically or mentally; reach or range of sight; extent of prospect. The walls of Pluto's palace are in view. Dryden. 4. That which is seen or beheld; sight presented to the natural or intellectual eye; scene; prospect; as, the view from a window. 'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. Campbell. 5. The pictorial representation of a scene; a sketch, as, a fine view of Lake George. 6. Mode of looking at anything; manner of apprehension; conception; opinion; judgment; as, to state one's views of the policy which ought to be pursued. To give a right view of this mistaken part of liberty. Locke. 7. That which is looked towards, or kept in sight, as object, aim, intention, purpose, design; as, he did it with a view of escaping. No man sets himself about anything but upon some view or other which serves him for a reason. Locke. 8. Appearance; show; aspect. [Obs.] [Graces] which, by the splendor of her view Dazzled, before we never knew. Waller. Field of view. See under Field. -- Point of view. See under Point. -- To have in view, to have in mind as an incident, object, or aim; as, to have one's resignation in view. -- View halloo, the shout uttered by a hunter upon seeing the fox break cover. -- View of frankpledge (Law), a court of record, held in a hundred, lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet. Blackstone. -- View of premises (Law), the inspection by the jury of the place where a litigated transaction is said to have occurred.\n\n1. To see; to behold; especially, to look at with attention, or for the purpose of examining; to examine with the eye; to inspect; to explore. O, let me view his visage, being dead. Shak. Nearer to view his prey, and, unespied, To mark what of their state he more might learn. Milton. 2. To survey or examine mentally; to consider; as, to view the subject in all its aspects. The happiest youth, viewing his progress through. Shak.", "viewable": null, "viewed": null, @@ -84431,11 +74959,8 @@ "vigor": "1. Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy. The vigor of this arm was never vain. Dryden. 2. Strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor. 3. Strength; efficacy; potency. But in the fruithful earth . . . His beams, unactive else, their vigor find. Milton. Note: Vigor and its derivatives commonly imply active strength, or the power of action and exertion, in distinction from passive strength, or strength to endure.\n\nTo invigorate. [Obs.] Feltham.", "vigorous": "1. Possessing vigor; full of physical or mental strength or active force; strong; lusty; robust; as, a vigorous youth; a vigorous plant. Famed for his valor, young, At sea successful, vigorous and strong. Waller. 2. Exhibiting strength, either of body or mind; powerful; strong; forcible; energetic; as, vigorous exertions; a vigorous prosecution of a war. The beginnings of confederacies have been always vigorous and successful. Davenant. -- Vig\"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Vig\"or*ous*ness, n.", "vigorously": null, - "vijayanagar": null, - "vijayawada": null, "viking": "One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, who plundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries. Of grim Vikings, and the rapture Of the sea fight, and the capture, And the life of slavery. Longfellow. Note: Vikings differs in meaning from sea king, with which frequently confounded. \"The sea king was a man connected with a royal race, either of the small kings of the country, or of the Haarfager family, and who, by right, received the title of king as soon he took the command of men, although only of a single ship's crew, and without having any land or kingdom . . . Vikings were merely pirates, alternately peasants and pirates, deriving the name of viking from the vicks, wicks, or inlets, on the coast in which they harbored with their long ships or rowing galleys.\" Laing.", "vikings": "One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, who plundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries. Of grim Vikings, and the rapture Of the sea fight, and the capture, And the life of slavery. Longfellow. Note: Vikings differs in meaning from sea king, with which frequently confounded. \"The sea king was a man connected with a royal race, either of the small kings of the country, or of the Haarfager family, and who, by right, received the title of king as soon he took the command of men, although only of a single ship's crew, and without having any land or kingdom . . . Vikings were merely pirates, alternately peasants and pirates, deriving the name of viking from the vicks, wicks, or inlets, on the coast in which they harbored with their long ships or rowing galleys.\" Laing.", - "vila": null, "vile": "1. Low; base; worthless; mean; despicable. A poor man in vile raiment. James ii. 2. The craft either of fishing, which was Peter's, or of making tents, which was Paul's, were [was] more vile than the science of physic. Ridley. The inhabitants account gold but as a vile thing. Abp. Abbot. 2. Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hateful; in the sight of God and men; sinful; wicked; bad. \"Such vile base practices.\" Shak. Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee Job xl. 4. Syn. -- See Base. -- Vile\"ly, adv. -- Vile\"ness, n.", "vilely": null, "vileness": null, @@ -84456,22 +74981,14 @@ "villainous": "1. Base; vile; mean; depraved; as, a villainous person or wretch. 2. Proceeding from, or showing, extreme depravity; suited to a villain; as, a villainous action. 3. Sorry; mean; mischievous; -- in a familiar sense. \"A villainous trick of thine eye.\" Shak. Villainous judgment (O. E. Law), a judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person. --- Vil\"lain*ous*ly, adv. Vil\"lain*ous*ness, n.", "villains": "1. (Feudal Law) One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant. [In this sense written also villan, and villein.] If any of my ansectors was a tenant, and a servant, and held his lands as a villain to his lord, his posterity also must do so, though accidentally they become noble. Jer. Taylor. Note: Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is, annexed to the manor (LL. adscripti glebæ); and villains in gross, that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from one to another. Blackstone. 2. A baseborn or clownish person; a boor. [R.] Pour the blood of the villain in one basin, and the blood of the gentleman in another, what difference shall there be proved Becon. 3. A vile, wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes; a deliberate scoundrel; a knave; a rascal; a scamp. Like a villain with a smiling cheek. Shak. Calm, thinking villains, whom no faith could fix. Pope.\n\nVillainous. [R.] Shak.\n\nTo debase; to degrade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.", "villainy": "1. The quality or state of being a villain, or villainous; extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; as, the villainy of the seducer. \"Lucre of vilanye.\" Chaucer. The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy. Shak. 2. Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk. [Archaic] He never yet not vileinye ne said In all his life, unto no manner wight. Chaucer. In our modern language, it [foul language] is termed villainy, as being proper for rustic boors, or men of coarsest education and employment. Barrow. Villainy till a very late day expressed words foul and disgraceful to the utterer much oftener than deeds. Trench. 3. The act of a villain; a deed of deep depravity; a crime. Such villainies roused Horace into wrath. Dryden. That execrable sum of all villainies commonly called a slave trade. John Wesley.", - "villarreal": null, "villas": "A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some pretensions to elegance. Dryden. Cowper.", "villein": "See Villain, 1.", "villeinage": null, "villeins": "See Villain, 1.", - "villon": null, "villus": "1. (Anat.) One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface. 2. pl. (Bot.) Fine hairs on plants, resembling the pile of velvet.", - "vilma": null, - "vilnius": null, - "vilyui": null, "vim": "Power; force; energy; spirit; activity; vigor. [Colloq.]", "vinaigrette": "1. (Cookery) A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, -- used esp. for cold meats. 2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; -- called also vinegarette. 3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a boy or man. [R.]", - "vince": null, - "vincent": null, "vincible": "Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. \"He, not vincible in spirit . . . drew his sword.\" Hayward. \"Vincible by human aid.\" Paley. Vincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance within the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible before God.", - "vindemiatrix": null, "vindicate": "1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.] Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Pope. 2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title. 3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure, or objections; to defend; to justify. When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts. Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope. 4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies. Milton. 5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.] I am confident he deserves much more That vindicates his country from a tyrant Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger. 6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity. [Obs.] Bacon. God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion. Bp. Pearson. Syn. -- To assert; maintain; claim. See Assert.", "vindicated": null, "vindicates": "1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.] Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Pope. 2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title. 3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure, or objections; to defend; to justify. When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts. Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope. 4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies. Milton. 5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.] I am confident he deserves much more That vindicates his country from a tyrant Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger. 6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity. [Obs.] Bacon. God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion. Bp. Pearson. Syn. -- To assert; maintain; claim. See Assert.", @@ -84486,13 +75003,11 @@ "vine": "(a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. (b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants. There shall be no grapes on the vine. Jer. viii. 13. And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89. Vine apple (Bot.), a small kind of squash. Roger Williams. -- Vine beetle (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beetles which are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the more important species are the grapevine fidia (see Fidia), the spotted Pelidnota (see Rutilian), the vine fleabeetle (Graptodera chalybea), the rose beetle (see under Rose), the vine weevil, and several species of Colaspis and Anomala. -- Vine borer. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially Sinoxylon basilare, a small species the larva of which bores in the stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris, a small reddish brown weevil (called also vine weevil), which produces knotlike galls on the branches. (b) A clearwing moth (Ægeria polistiformis), whose larva bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive. -- Vine dragon, an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.] Holland. -- Vine forester (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larvæ feed on the leaves of the grapevine. -- Vine fretter (Zoöl.), a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that injuries the grapevine. -- Vine grub (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of insect larvæ that are injurious to the grapevine. -- Vine hopper (Zoöl.), any one of several species of leaf hoppers which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis. See Illust. of Grape hopper, under Grape. -- Vine inchworm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of geometrid moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria diversilineata. -- Vine-leaf rooer (Zoöl.), a small moth (Desmia maculalis) whose larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The moth is brownish black, spotted with white. -- Vine louse (Zoöl.), the phylloxera. -- Vine mildew (Bot.), a fungous growth which forms a white, delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant has been called Oidium Tuckeri, but is now thought to be the conidia- producing stage of an Erysiphe. -- Vine of Sodom (Bot.), a plant named in the Bible (Deut. xxxii. 32), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple of Sodom, under Apple. -- Vine sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfiy (Selandria vitis) whose larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larvæ stand side by side in clusters while feeding. -- Vine slug (Zoöl.), the larva of the vine sawfly. -- Vine sorrel (Bot.), a climbing plant (Cissus acida) related to the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the West Indies. -- Vine sphinx (Zoöl.), any one of several species of hawk moths. The larvæ feed on grapevine leaves. -- Vine weevil. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall, under Wound.", "vinegar": "1. A sour liquid used as a condiment, or as a preservative, and obtained by the spontaneous (acetous) fermentation, or by the artificial oxidation, of wine, cider, beer, or the like. Note: The characteristic sourness of vinegar is due to acetic acid, of which it contains from three to five per cent. Wine vinegar contains also tartaric acid, citric acid, etc. 2. Hence, anything sour; -- used also metaphorically. Here's the challenge: . . . I warrant there's vinegar and pepper in't. Shak. Aromatic vinegar, strong acetic acid highly flavored with aromatic substances. -- Mother of vinegar. See 4th Mother. -- Radical vinegar, acetic acid. -- Thieves' vinegar. See under Thief. -- Vinegar eel (Zoöl.), a minute nematode worm (Leptodera oxophila, or Anguillula acetiglutinis), commonly found in great numbers in vinegar, sour paste, and other fermenting vegetable substances; -- called also vinegar worm. -- Vinegar lamp (Chem.), a fanciful name of an apparatus designed to oxidize alcohol to acetic acid by means of platinum. -- Vinegar plant. See 4th Mother. -- Vinegar tree (Bot.), the stag-horn sumac (Rhus typhina), whose acid berries have been used to intensify the sourness of vinegar. -- Wood vinegar. See under Wood.\n\nTo convert into vinegar; to make like vinegar; to render sour or sharp. [Obs.] Hoping that he hath vinegared his senses As he was bid. B. Jonson.", "vinegary": "Having the nature of vinegar; sour; unamiable.", - "vineland": null, "vines": "(a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. (b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants. There shall be no grapes on the vine. Jer. viii. 13. And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89. Vine apple (Bot.), a small kind of squash. Roger Williams. -- Vine beetle (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beetles which are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the more important species are the grapevine fidia (see Fidia), the spotted Pelidnota (see Rutilian), the vine fleabeetle (Graptodera chalybea), the rose beetle (see under Rose), the vine weevil, and several species of Colaspis and Anomala. -- Vine borer. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially Sinoxylon basilare, a small species the larva of which bores in the stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris, a small reddish brown weevil (called also vine weevil), which produces knotlike galls on the branches. (b) A clearwing moth (Ægeria polistiformis), whose larva bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive. -- Vine dragon, an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.] Holland. -- Vine forester (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larvæ feed on the leaves of the grapevine. -- Vine fretter (Zoöl.), a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that injuries the grapevine. -- Vine grub (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of insect larvæ that are injurious to the grapevine. -- Vine hopper (Zoöl.), any one of several species of leaf hoppers which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis. See Illust. of Grape hopper, under Grape. -- Vine inchworm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of geometrid moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria diversilineata. -- Vine-leaf rooer (Zoöl.), a small moth (Desmia maculalis) whose larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The moth is brownish black, spotted with white. -- Vine louse (Zoöl.), the phylloxera. -- Vine mildew (Bot.), a fungous growth which forms a white, delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant has been called Oidium Tuckeri, but is now thought to be the conidia- producing stage of an Erysiphe. -- Vine of Sodom (Bot.), a plant named in the Bible (Deut. xxxii. 32), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple of Sodom, under Apple. -- Vine sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfiy (Selandria vitis) whose larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larvæ stand side by side in clusters while feeding. -- Vine slug (Zoöl.), the larva of the vine sawfly. -- Vine sorrel (Bot.), a climbing plant (Cissus acida) related to the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the West Indies. -- Vine sphinx (Zoöl.), any one of several species of hawk moths. The larvæ feed on grapevine leaves. -- Vine weevil. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall, under Wound.", "vineyard": "An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines producing grapes.", "vineyards": "An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines producing grapes.", "vino": null, "vinous": "Of or pertaining to wine; having the qualities of wine; as, a vinous taste.", - "vinson": null, "vintage": "1. The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as, the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840. 2. The act or time of gathering the crop of grapes, or making the wine for a season. Vintage spring, a wine fount. -- Vintage time, the time of gathering grapes and making wine. Milton.", "vintages": "1. The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as, the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840. 2. The act or time of gathering the crop of grapes, or making the wine for a season. Vintage spring, a wine fount. -- Vintage time, the time of gathering grapes and making wine. Milton.", "vintner": "One who deals in wine; a wine seller, or wine merchant.", @@ -84529,28 +75044,19 @@ "violoncello": "A stringed instrument of music; a bass viol of four strings, or a bass violin with long, large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the viola, or tenor or alto violin.", "violoncellos": "A stringed instrument of music; a bass viol of four strings, or a bass violin with long, large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the viola, or tenor or alto violin.", "viols": "1. (Mus.) A stringed musical instrument formerly in use, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having six strings, to be struck with a bow, and the neck furnished with frets for stopping the strings. Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still, more apt for mournful things. Milton. Note: The name is now applied as a general term to designate instruments of the violin kind, as tenor viol, bass viol, etc. 2. (Naut.) A large rope sometimes used in weighing anchor. [Written also voyal, and voyal.] Totten.", - "vip": null, "viper": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Old World venomous makes belonging to Vipera, Clotho, Daboia, and other genera of the family Viperidæ. There came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts xxviii. 3. Note: Among the best-known species are the European adder (Pelias berus), the European asp (Vipera aspis), the African horned viper (V. cerastes), and the Indian viper (Daboia Russellii). 2. A dangerous, treacherous, or malignant person. Who committed To such a viper his most sacred trust Of secrecy. Milton. Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes. -- Red viper (Zoöl.), the copperhead. -- Viper fish (Zoöl.), a small, slender, phosphorescent deep-sea fish (Chauliodus Sloanii). It has long ventral and dorsal fins, a large mouth, and very long, sharp teeth. -- Viper's bugloss (Bot.), a rough-leaved biennial herb (Echium vulgare) having showy purplish blue flowers. It is sometimes cultivated, but has become a pestilent weed in fields from New York to Virginia. Also called blue weed. -- Viper's grass (Bot.), a perennial composite herb (Scorzonera Hispanica) with narrow, entire leaves, and solitary heads of yellow flowers. The long, white, carrot-shaped roots are used for food in Spain and some other countries. Called also viper grass.", "viperous": "Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as, a viperous tongue. \"This viperous slander.\" Shak. -- Vi\"per*ous*ly, adv.", "vipers": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Old World venomous makes belonging to Vipera, Clotho, Daboia, and other genera of the family Viperidæ. There came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts xxviii. 3. Note: Among the best-known species are the European adder (Pelias berus), the European asp (Vipera aspis), the African horned viper (V. cerastes), and the Indian viper (Daboia Russellii). 2. A dangerous, treacherous, or malignant person. Who committed To such a viper his most sacred trust Of secrecy. Milton. Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes. -- Red viper (Zoöl.), the copperhead. -- Viper fish (Zoöl.), a small, slender, phosphorescent deep-sea fish (Chauliodus Sloanii). It has long ventral and dorsal fins, a large mouth, and very long, sharp teeth. -- Viper's bugloss (Bot.), a rough-leaved biennial herb (Echium vulgare) having showy purplish blue flowers. It is sometimes cultivated, but has become a pestilent weed in fields from New York to Virginia. Also called blue weed. -- Viper's grass (Bot.), a perennial composite herb (Scorzonera Hispanica) with narrow, entire leaves, and solitary heads of yellow flowers. The long, white, carrot-shaped roots are used for food in Spain and some other countries. Called also viper grass.", - "vips": null, "virago": "1. A woman of extraordinary stature, strength, and courage; a woman who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man; a female warrior. To arms! to arms! the fierce virago cries. Pope. 2. Hence, a mannish woman; a bold, turbulent woman; a termagant; a vixen. Virago . . . serpent under femininity. Chaucer.", "viragoes": null, "viral": null, "vireo": "Any one of numerous species of American singing birds belonging to Vireo and allied genera of the family Vireonidæ. In many of the species the back is greenish, or olive-colored. Called also greenlet. Note: In the Eastern United States the most common species are the white-eyed vireo (Vireo Noveboracensis), the redeyed vireo (V. olivaceus), the blue-headed, or solitary, vireo (V. solitarius), the warbling vireo (V. gilvus), and the yellow-throated vireo (V. flavifrons). All these are noted for the sweetness of their songs.", "vireos": "Any one of numerous species of American singing birds belonging to Vireo and allied genera of the family Vireonidæ. In many of the species the back is greenish, or olive-colored. Called also greenlet. Note: In the Eastern United States the most common species are the white-eyed vireo (Vireo Noveboracensis), the redeyed vireo (V. olivaceus), the blue-headed, or solitary, vireo (V. solitarius), the warbling vireo (V. gilvus), and the yellow-throated vireo (V. flavifrons). All these are noted for the sweetness of their songs.", - "virgie": null, - "virgil": null, "virgin": "1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man; a maid. 2. A person of the male sex who has not known sexual indulgence. [Archaic] Wyclif. These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. Rev. xiv. 4. He his flesh hath overcome; He was a virgin, as he said. Gower. 3. (Astron.) See Virgo. 4. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of gossamer-winged butterflies of the family Lycænidæ. 5. (Zoöl.) A female insect producing eggs from which young are hatched, though there has been no fecundation by a male; a parthenogenetic insect. The Virgin, or The Blessed Virgin, the Virgin Mary, the Mother of our Lord. -- Virgin's bower (Bot.), a name given to several climbing plants of the genus Clematis, as C. Vitalba of Europe, and C. Virginiana of North America.\n\n1. Being a virgin; chaste; of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly; modest; indicating modesty; as, a virgin blush. \"Virgin shame.\" Cowley. Innocence and virgin modesty . . . That would be wooed, and unsought be won. Milton. 2. Pure; undefiled; unmixed; fresh; new; as, virgin soil; virgin gold. \"Virgin Dutch.\" G. W. Cable. The white cold virgin snow upon my heart. Shak. A few ounces of mutton, with a little virgin oil. Landor. 3. Not yet pregnant; impregnant. Milton.\n\nTo act the virgin; to be or keep chaste; -- followed by it. See It, 5. [Obs.] \"My true lip hath virgined it e'er since [that kiss].\" Shak.", "virginal": "Of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly. \"Chastity and honor virginal.\" Spenser. Virginal generation (Biol.), parthenogenesis. -- Virginal membrane (Anat.), the hymen.\n\nAn instrument somewhat resembling the spinet, but having a rectangular form, like the small piano. It had strings and keys, but only one wire to a note. The instrument was used in the sixteenth century, but is now wholly obsolete. It was sometimes called a pair of virginals.\n\nTo play with the fingers, as if on a virginal; to tap or pat. [Obs.] \"Still virginaling upon his palm!\" Shak.", "virginals": "Of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly. \"Chastity and honor virginal.\" Spenser. Virginal generation (Biol.), parthenogenesis. -- Virginal membrane (Anat.), the hymen.\n\nAn instrument somewhat resembling the spinet, but having a rectangular form, like the small piano. It had strings and keys, but only one wire to a note. The instrument was used in the sixteenth century, but is now wholly obsolete. It was sometimes called a pair of virginals.\n\nTo play with the fingers, as if on a virginal; to tap or pat. [Obs.] \"Still virginaling upon his palm!\" Shak.", - "virginia": "One of the States of the United States of America. -- a. Of or pertaining to the State of Virginia. Virginia cowslip (Bot.), the American lungwort (Mertensia Virginica). -- Virginia creeper (Bot.), a common ornamental North American woody vine (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), climbing extensively by means of tendrils; -- called also woodbine, and American ivy. [U.S.] -- Virginia fence. See Worm fence, under Fence. -- Virginia nightingale (Zoöl.), the cardinal bird. See under Cardinal. -- Virginia quail (Zoöl.), the bobwhite. -- Virginia reel, an old English contradance; -- so called in the United States. Bartlett. -- Virginia stock. (Bot.) See Mahon stock.", - "virginian": null, - "virginians": null, "virginity": "1. The quality or state of being a virgin; undefiled purity or chastity; maidenhood. 2. The unmarried life; celibacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "virgins": "1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man; a maid. 2. A person of the male sex who has not known sexual indulgence. [Archaic] Wyclif. These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. Rev. xiv. 4. He his flesh hath overcome; He was a virgin, as he said. Gower. 3. (Astron.) See Virgo. 4. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of gossamer-winged butterflies of the family Lycænidæ. 5. (Zoöl.) A female insect producing eggs from which young are hatched, though there has been no fecundation by a male; a parthenogenetic insect. The Virgin, or The Blessed Virgin, the Virgin Mary, the Mother of our Lord. -- Virgin's bower (Bot.), a name given to several climbing plants of the genus Clematis, as C. Vitalba of Europe, and C. Virginiana of North America.\n\n1. Being a virgin; chaste; of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly; modest; indicating modesty; as, a virgin blush. \"Virgin shame.\" Cowley. Innocence and virgin modesty . . . That would be wooed, and unsought be won. Milton. 2. Pure; undefiled; unmixed; fresh; new; as, virgin soil; virgin gold. \"Virgin Dutch.\" G. W. Cable. The white cold virgin snow upon my heart. Shak. A few ounces of mutton, with a little virgin oil. Landor. 3. Not yet pregnant; impregnant. Milton.\n\nTo act the virgin; to be or keep chaste; -- followed by it. See It, 5. [Obs.] \"My true lip hath virgined it e'er since [that kiss].\" Shak.", - "virgo": "(a) A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of August, marked thus [ (b) A constellation of the zodiac, now occupying chiefly the sign Libra, and containing the bright star Spica.", - "virgos": "(a) A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of August, marked thus [ (b) A constellation of the zodiac, now occupying chiefly the sign Libra, and containing the bright star Spica.", "virgule": "A comma. [R.] In the MSS. of Chaucer, the line is always broken by a cæsura in the middle, which is pointed by a virgule. Hallam.", "virgules": "A comma. [R.] In the MSS. of Chaucer, the line is always broken by a cæsura in the middle, which is pointed by a virgule. Hallam.", "virile": "Having the nature, properties, or qualities, of an adult man; characteristic of developed manhood; hence, masterful; forceful; specifically, capable of begetting; -- opposed to womanly, feminine, and puerile; as, virile age, virile power, virile organs.", @@ -84578,9 +75084,7 @@ "visage": "The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. Chaucer. \"A visage of demand.\" Shak. His visage was so marred more than any man. Isa. lii. 14. Love and beauty still that visage grace. Waller.\n\nTo face. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "visages": "The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. Chaucer. \"A visage of demand.\" Shak. His visage was so marred more than any man. Isa. lii. 14. Love and beauty still that visage grace. Waller.\n\nTo face. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "visaing": null, - "visalia": null, "visas": "See Vis.\n\nTo indorse, after examination, with the word visé, as a passport; to visé.", - "visayans": "A member of the most numerous of the native races of the Philippines, occupying the Visayan Islands and the northern coast Mindanao; also, their language. The Visayans possessed a native culture and alphabet.", "viscera": "pl. of Viscus.", "visceral": "1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the viscera; splanchnic. 2. Fig.: Having deep sensibility. [R.] Bp. Reynolds. Visceral arches (Anat.), the bars or ridges between the visceral clefts. -- Visceral cavity or tube (Anat.), the ventral cavity of a vertebrate, which contains the alimentary canal, as distinguished from the dorsal, or cerebro-spinal, canal. -- Visceral clefts (Anat.), transverse clefts on the sides just back of the mouth in the vertebrate embryo, which open into the pharyngeal portion of the alimentary canal, and correspond to the branchial clefts in adult fishes.", "viscerally": null, @@ -84598,12 +75102,9 @@ "vise": "An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing. [Written also vice.]\n\nAn indorsement made on a passport by the proper authorities of certain countries on the continent of Europe, denoting that it has been examined, and that the person who bears it is permitted to proceed on his journey; a visa.\n\nTo examine and indorse, as a passport; to visa.", "vised": null, "vises": "An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing. [Written also vice.]\n\nAn indorsement made on a passport by the proper authorities of certain countries on the continent of Europe, denoting that it has been examined, and that the person who bears it is permitted to proceed on his journey; a visa.\n\nTo examine and indorse, as a passport; to visa.", - "vishnu": "A divinity of the modern Hindoo trimurti, or trinity. He is regarded as the preserver, while Brahma is the creator, and Siva the destroyer of the creation.", "visibility": "The quality or state of being visible.", "visible": "1. Perceivable by the eye; capable of being seen; perceptible; in view; as, a visible star; the least spot is visible on white paper. Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. Bk. of Com. Prayer. Virtue made visible in outward grace. Young. 2. Noticeable; apparent; open; conspicuous. Shak. The factions at court were greater, or more visible, than before. Clarendon. Visible church (Theol.), the apparent church of Christ on earth; the whole body of professed believers in Christ, as contradistinguished from the invisible, or real, church, consisting of sanctified persons. -- Visible horizon. Same as Apparent horizon, under Apparent. -- Vis\"i*ble*ness, n. -- Vis\"i*bly, adv.", "visibly": null, - "visigoth": "One of the West Goths. See the Note under Goth. -- Vis`i*goth\"ic, a.", - "visigoths": "One of the West Goths. See the Note under Goth. -- Vis`i*goth\"ic, a.", "vising": null, "vision": "1. The act of seeing external objects; actual sight. Faith here is turned into vision there. Hammond. 2. (Physiol.) The faculty of seeing; sight; one of the five senses, by which colors and the physical qualities of external objects are appreciated as a result of the stimulating action of light on the sensitive retina, an expansion of the optic nerve. 3. That which is seen; an object of sight. Shak. 4. Especially, that which is seen otherwise than by the ordinary sight, or the rational eye; a supernatural, prophetic, or imaginary sight; an apparition; a phantom; a specter; as, the visions of Isaiah. The baseless fabric of this vision. Shak. No dreams, but visions strange. Sir P. Sidney. 5. Hence, something unreal or imaginary; a creation of fancy. Locke. Arc of vision (Astron.), the arc which measures the least distance from the sun at which, when the sun is below the horizon, a star or planet emerging from his rays becomes visible. -- Beatific vision (Theol.), the immediate sight of God in heaven. -- Direct vision (Opt.), vision when the image of the object falls directly on the yellow spot (see under Yellow); also, vision by means of rays which are not deviated from their original direction. -- Field of vision, field of view. See under Field. -- Indirect vision (Opt.), vision when the rays of light from an object fall upon the peripheral parts of the retina. -- Reflected vision, or Refracted vision, vision by rays reflected from mirrors, or refracted by lenses or prisms, respectively. -- Vision purple. (Physiol.) See Visual purple, under Visual.\n\nTo see in a vision; to dream. For them no visioned terrors daunt, Their nights no fancied specters haunt. Sir W. Scott.", "visionaries": null, @@ -84625,7 +75126,6 @@ "visors": "1. A part of a helmet, arranged so as to lift or open, and so show the face. The openings for seeing and breathing are generally in it. 2. A mask used to disfigure or disguise. \"My very visor began to assume life.\" Shak. My weaker government since, makes you pull off the visor. Sir P. Sidney. 3. The fore piece of a cap, projecting over, and protecting the eyes.", "vista": "A view; especially, a view through or between intervening objects, as trees; a view or prospect through an avenue, or the like; hence, the trees or other objects that form the avenue. The finished garden to the view Its vistas opens, and its alleys green. Thomson. In the groves of their academy, at the end of every vista, you see nothing but the gallows. Burke. The shattered tower which now forms a vista from his window. Sir W. Scott.", "vistas": "A view; especially, a view through or between intervening objects, as trees; a view or prospect through an avenue, or the like; hence, the trees or other objects that form the avenue. The finished garden to the view Its vistas opens, and its alleys green. Thomson. In the groves of their academy, at the end of every vista, you see nothing but the gallows. Burke. The shattered tower which now forms a vista from his window. Sir W. Scott.", - "vistula": null, "visual": "1. Of or pertaining to sight; used in sight; serving as the instrument of seeing; as, the visual nerve. The air, Nowhere so clear, sharpened his visual ray. Milton. 2. That can be seen; visible. [R.] Visual angle. (Opt.) See under Angle. -- Visual cone (Persp.), a cone whose vertex is at the point of sight, or the eye. -- Visual plane, any plane passing through the point of sight. -- Visual point, the point at which the visual rays unite; the position of the eye. -- Visual purple (Physiol.), a photochemical substance, of a purplish red color, contained in the retina of human eyes and in the eyes of most animals. It is quickly bleached by light, passing through the colors, red, orange, and yellow, and then disappearing. Also called rhodopsin, and vision purple. See Optography. -- Visual ray, a line from the eye, or point of sight. -- Visual white (Physiol.), the final product in the action of light on visual purple. It is reconverted into visual purple by the regenerating action of the choroidal epithelium. -- Visual yellow (Physiol.), a product intermediate between visual purple and visual white, formed in the photochemical action of light on visual purple.", "visualization": null, "visualizations": null, @@ -84658,8 +75158,6 @@ "viticulture": "The cultivation of the vine; grape growing.", "viticulturist": "One engaged in viticulture.", "viticulturists": "One engaged in viticulture.", - "vitim": null, - "vito": null, "vitreous": "1. Consisting of, or resembling, glass; glassy; as, vitreous rocks. 2. Of or pertaining to glass; derived from glass; as, vitreous electricity. Vitreous body (Anat.), the vitreous humor. See the Note under Eye. -- Vitreous electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity excited by rubbing glass with certain substances, as silk; positive electricity; -- opposed to resinous, or negative, electricity. -- Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See the Note under Eye. -- Vitreous sponge (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of siliceous sponges having, often fibrous, glassy spicules which are normally six-rayed; a hexactinellid sponge. See Venus's basket, under Venus.", "vitrifaction": "The act, art, or process of vitrifying; also, the state of being vitrified.", "vitrification": "Same as Vitrifaction. Sir T. Browne. Ure.", @@ -84679,26 +75177,21 @@ "vituperating": null, "vituperation": "The act of vituperating; abuse; severe censure; blame. When a man becomes untractable and inaccessible by fierceness and pride, then vituperation comes upon him. Donne.", "vituperative": "Uttering or writing censure; containing, or characterized by, abuse; scolding; abusive. -- Vi*tu\"per*a*tive*ly, adv. Vituperative appellations derived from their real or supposed ill qualities. B. Jonson.", - "vitus": null, "viva": null, "vivace": "Brisk; vivacious; with spirit; -- a direction to perform a passage in a brisk and lively manner.", "vivacious": "1. Having vigorous powers of life; tenacious of life; long-lived. [Obs.] Hitherto the English bishops have been vivacious almost to wonder. . . . But five died for the first twenty years of her [Queen Elizabeth's] reign. Fuller. The faith of Christianity is far more vivacious than any mere ravishment of the imagination can ever be. I. Taylor. 2. Sprightly in temper or conduct; lively; merry; as, a vivacious poet. \"Vivacious nonsense.\" V. Knox. 3. (Bot.) Living through the winter, or from year to year; perennial. [R.] Syn. -- Sprightly; active; animated; sportive; gay; merry; jocund; light- hearted. -- Vi*va\"cious*ly, adv. -- Vi*va\"cious*ness, n.", "vivaciously": null, "vivaciousness": null, "vivacity": "The quality or state of being vivacious. Specifically: -- (a) Tenacity of life; vital force; natural vigor. [Obs.] The vivacity of some of these pensioners is little less than a miracle, they lived so long. Fuller. (b) Life; animation; spiritedness; liveliness; sprightliness; as, the vivacity of a discourse; a lady of great vivacity; vivacity of countenance. Syn. -- Liveliness; gayety. See Liveliness.", - "vivaldi": null, "vivaria": null, "vivarium": "A place artificially arranged for keeping or raising living animals, as a park, a pond, an aquarium, a warren, etc.", "vivariums": "A place artificially arranged for keeping or raising living animals, as a park, a pond, an aquarium, a warren, etc.", "vivas": null, - "vivekananda": null, - "vivian": null, "vivid": "1. True to the life; exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; animated; spirited; bright; strong; intense; as, vivid colors. In dazzling streaks the vivid lightnings play. Cowper. Arts which present, with all the vivid charms of painting, the human face and human form divine. Bp. Hobart. 2. Forming brilliant images, or painting in lively colors; lively; sprightly; as, a vivid imagination. Body is a fit workhouse for sprightly, vivid faculties to exercise . . . themselves in. South. Syn. -- Clear; lucid; bright; strong; striking; lively; quick; sprightly; active. -- Viv\"id*ly, adv. -- Viv\"id*ness, n.", "vivider": null, "vividest": null, "vividly": null, "vividness": null, - "vivienne": null, "vivified": null, "vivifies": null, "vivify": "To endue with life; to make to be living; to quicken; to animate. Sitting on eggs doth vivify, not nourish. Bacon.", @@ -84719,14 +75212,7 @@ "viz": "To wit; that is; namely.", "vizier": "A councilor of state; a high executive officer in Turkey and other Oriental countries. [Written also visier, vizir, and vizer.] Grand vizier, the chief minister of the Turkish empire; -- called also vizier-azem.", "viziers": "A councilor of state; a high executive officer in Turkey and other Oriental countries. [Written also visier, vizir, and vizer.] Grand vizier, the chief minister of the Turkish empire; -- called also vizier-azem.", - "vj": null, - "vlad": null, - "vladimir": null, - "vladivostok": null, - "vlaminck": null, - "vlasic": null, "vlf": null, - "voa": null, "vocab": null, "vocable": "A word; a term; a name; specifically, a word considered as composed of certain sounds or letters, without regard to its meaning. Swamped near to drowning in a tide of ingenious vocables. Carlyle.", "vocables": "A word; a term; a name; specifically, a word considered as composed of certain sounds or letters, without regard to its meaning. Swamped near to drowning in a tide of ingenious vocables. Carlyle.", @@ -84779,7 +75265,6 @@ "voids": "1. Containing nothing; empty; vacant; not occupied; not filled. The earth was without form, and void. Gen. i. 2. I 'll get me to a place more void. Shak. I 'll chain him in my study, that, at void hours, I may run over the story of his country. Massinger. 2. Having no incumbent; unoccupied; -- said of offices and the like. Divers great offices that had been long void. Camden. 3. Being without; destitute; free; wanting; devoid; as, void of learning, or of common use. Milton. A conscience void of offense toward God. Acts xxiv. 16. He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbor. Prov. xi. 12. 4. Not producing any effect; ineffectual; vain. [My word] shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please. Isa. lv. 11. I will make void the counsel of Judah. Jer. xix. 7. 5. Containing no immaterial quality; destitute of mind or soul. \"Idol, void and vain.\" Pope. 6. (Law) Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification; null. Cf. Voidable, 2. Void space (Physics), a vacuum. Syn. -- Empty; vacant; devoid; wanting; unfurnished; unsupplied; unoccupied.\n\nAn empty space; a vacuum. Pride, where wit fails, steps in to our defense, And fills up all the mighty void of sense. Pope.\n\n1. To remove the contents of; to make or leave vacant or empty; to quit; to leave; as, to void a table. Void anon her place. Chaucer. If they will fight with us, bid them come down, Or void the field. Shak. 2. To throw or send out; to evacuate; to emit; to discharge; as, to void excrements. A watchful application of mind in voiding prejudices. Barrow. With shovel, like a fury, voided out The earth and scattered bones. J. Webster. 3. To render void; to make to be of no validity or effect; to vacate; to annul; to nullify. After they had voided the obligation of the oath he had taken. Bp. Burnet. It was become a practice . . . to void the security that was at any time given for money so borrowed. Clarendon.\n\nTo be emitted or evacuated. Wiseman.", "voila": null, "voile": null, - "voip": null, "vol": null, "volatile": "1. Passing through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the atmosphere; flying; having the power to fly. [Obs.] 2. Capable of wasting away, or of easily passing into the aëriform state; subject to evaporation. Note: Substances which affect the smell with pungent or fragrant odors, as musk, hartshorn, and essential oils, are called volatile substances, because they waste away on exposure to the atmosphere. Alcohol and ether are called volatile liquids for a similar reason, and because they easily pass into the state of vapor on the application of heat. On the contrary, gold is a fixed substance, because it does not suffer waste, even when exposed to the heat of a furnace; and oils are called fixed when they do not evaporate on simple exposure to the atmosphere. 3. Fig.: Light-hearted; easily affected by circumstances; airy; lively; hence, changeable; fickle; as, a volatile temper. You are as giddy and volatile as ever. Swift. Volatile alkali. (Old Chem.) See under Alkali. -- Volatile liniment, a liniment composed of sweet oil and ammonia, so called from the readiness with which the latter evaporates. -- Volatile oils. (Chem.) See Essential oils, under Essential.\n\nA winged animal; wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir T. Browne.", "volatility": "Quality or state of being volatile; disposition to evaporate; changeableness; fickleness. Syn. -- See Levity.", @@ -84791,15 +75276,10 @@ "volcanism": "Volcanic power or action; volcanicity.", "volcano": "A mountain or hill, usually more or less conical in form, from which lava, cinders, steam, sulphur gases, and the like, are ejected; -- often popularly called a burning mountain. Note: Volcanoes include many of the most conspicuous and lofty mountains of the earth, as Mt. Vesuvius in Italy (4,000 ft. high), Mt. Loa in Hawaii (14,000 ft.), Cotopaxi in South America (nearly 20,000 ft.), which are examples of active volcanoes. The crater of a volcano is usually a pit-shaped cavity, often of great size. The summit crater of Mt. Loa has a maximum length of 13,000 ft., and a depth of nearly 800 feet. Beside the chief crater, a volcano may have a number of subordinate craters.", "volcanoes": null, - "volcker": null, - "voldemort": null, "vole": "A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. Swift.\n\nTo win all the tricks by a vole. Pope.\n\nAny one of numerous species of micelike rodents belonging to Arvicola and allied genera of the subfamily Arvicolinæ. They have a thick head, short ears, and a short hairy tail. Note: The water vole, or water rat, of Europe (Arvicola amphibius) is a common large aquatic species. The short-tailed field vole (A. agrestis) of Northern and Central Europe, and Asia, the Southern field vole (A. arvalis), and the Siberian root vole (A. oeconomus), are important European species. The common species of the Eastern United States (A. riparius) (called also meadow mouse) and the prairie mouse (A. austerus) are abundant, and often injurious to vegetation. Other species are found in Canada.", "voles": "A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. Swift.\n\nTo win all the tricks by a vole. Pope.\n\nAny one of numerous species of micelike rodents belonging to Arvicola and allied genera of the subfamily Arvicolinæ. They have a thick head, short ears, and a short hairy tail. Note: The water vole, or water rat, of Europe (Arvicola amphibius) is a common large aquatic species. The short-tailed field vole (A. agrestis) of Northern and Central Europe, and Asia, the Southern field vole (A. arvalis), and the Siberian root vole (A. oeconomus), are important European species. The common species of the Eastern United States (A. riparius) (called also meadow mouse) and the prairie mouse (A. austerus) are abundant, and often injurious to vegetation. Other species are found in Canada.", - "volga": null, - "volgograd": null, "volition": "1. The act of willing or choosing; the act of forming a purpose; the exercise of the will. Volition is the actual exercise of the power the mind has to order the consideration of any idea, or the forbearing to consider it. Locke. Volition is an act of the mind, knowingly exerting that dominion it takes itself to have over any part of the man, by employing it in, or withholding it from, any particular action. Locke. 2. The result of an act or exercise of choosing or willing; a state of choice. 3. The power of willing or determining; will. Syn. -- Will; choice; preference; determination; purpose. -- Volition, Choice. Choice is the familiar, and volition the scientific, term for the same state of the will; viz., an \"elective preference.\" When we have \"made up our minds\" (as we say) to a thing, i. e., have a settled state of choice respecting it, that state is called an immanent volition; when we put forth any particular act of choice, that act is called an emanent, or executive, or imperative, volition. When an immanent, or settled state of, choice, is one which controls or governs a series of actions, we call that state a predominant volition; while we give the name of subordinate volitions to those particular acts of choice which carry into effect the object sought for by the governing or \"predominant volition.\" See Will.", "volitional": "Belonging or relating to volition. \"The volitional impulse.\" Bacon.", - "volkswagen": null, "volley": "1. A flight of missiles, as arrows, bullets, or the like; the simultaneous discharge of a number of small arms. Fiery darts in flaming volleys flew. Milton. Each volley tells that thousands cease to breathe. Byron. 2. A burst or emission of many things at once; as, a volley of words. \"This volley of oaths.\" B. Jonson. Rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks. Pope. 3. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball before it touches the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball full to the top of the wicket. Half volley. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball immediately after is has touched the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball so that after touching the ground it flies towards the top of the wicket. R. A. Proctor. -- On the volley, at random. [Obs.] \"What we spake on the volley begins work.\" Massinger. -- Volley gun, a gun with several barrels for firing a number of shots simultaneously; a kind of mitrailleuse.\n\nTo discharge with, or as with, a volley.\n\n1. To be thrown out, or discharged, at once; to be discharged in a volley, or as if in a volley; to make a volley or volleys. Tennyson. 2. (a) (Tennis) To return the ball before it touches the ground. (b) (Cricket) To send the ball full to the top of the wicket. R. A. Proctor.", "volleyball": null, "volleyballs": null, @@ -84807,13 +75287,10 @@ "volleying": null, "volleys": "1. A flight of missiles, as arrows, bullets, or the like; the simultaneous discharge of a number of small arms. Fiery darts in flaming volleys flew. Milton. Each volley tells that thousands cease to breathe. Byron. 2. A burst or emission of many things at once; as, a volley of words. \"This volley of oaths.\" B. Jonson. Rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks. Pope. 3. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball before it touches the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball full to the top of the wicket. Half volley. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball immediately after is has touched the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball so that after touching the ground it flies towards the top of the wicket. R. A. Proctor. -- On the volley, at random. [Obs.] \"What we spake on the volley begins work.\" Massinger. -- Volley gun, a gun with several barrels for firing a number of shots simultaneously; a kind of mitrailleuse.\n\nTo discharge with, or as with, a volley.\n\n1. To be thrown out, or discharged, at once; to be discharged in a volley, or as if in a volley; to make a volley or volleys. Tennyson. 2. (a) (Tennis) To return the ball before it touches the ground. (b) (Cricket) To send the ball full to the top of the wicket. R. A. Proctor.", "vols": null, - "volstead": null, "volt": "1. (Man.) A circular tread; a gait by which a horse going sideways round a center makes two concentric tracks. 2. (Fencing) A sudden movement to avoid a thrust.\n\nThe unit of electro-motive force; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by United States Statute as, that electro-motive force which steadily applied to a conductor whose resistance is one ohm will produce a current of one ampère. It is practically equivalent to", - "volta": "A turning; a time; -- chiefly used in phrases signifying that the part is to be repeated one, two, or more times; as, una volta, once. Seconda volta, second time, points to certain modifications in the close of a repeated strain.", "voltage": "Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.", "voltages": "Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.", "voltaic": "1. Of or pertaining to Alessandro Volta, who first devised apparatus for developing electric currents by chemical action, and established this branch of electric science; discovered by Volta; as, voltaic electricity. 2. Of or pertaining to voltaism, or voltaic electricity; as, voltaic induction; the voltaic arc. Note: See the Note under Galvanism. Voltaic arc, a luminous arc, of intense brilliancy, formed between carbon points as electrodes by the passage of a powerful voltaic current. -- Voltaic battery, an apparatus variously constructed, consisting of a series of plates or pieces of dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, arranged in pairs, and subjected to the action of a saline or acid solution, by which a current of electricity is generated whenever the two poles, or ends of the series, are connected by a conductor; a galvanic battery. See Battery, 4. (b), and Note. -- Voltaic circuit. See under Circuit. -- Voltaic couple or element, a single pair of the connected plates of a battery. -- Voltaic electricity. See the Note under Electricity. -- Voltaic pile, a kind of voltaic battery consisting of alternate disks of dissimilar metals, separated by moistened cloth or paper. See 5th Pile. -- Voltaic protection of metals, the protection of a metal exposed to the corrosive action of sea water, saline or acid liquids, or the like, by associating it with a metal which is positive to it, as when iron is galvanized, or coated with zinc.", - "voltaire": null, "voltmeter": "An instrument for measuring in volts the differences of potential between different points of an electrical circuit.", "voltmeters": "An instrument for measuring in volts the differences of potential between different points of an electrical circuit.", "volts": "1. (Man.) A circular tread; a gait by which a horse going sideways round a center makes two concentric tracks. 2. (Fencing) A sudden movement to avoid a thrust.\n\nThe unit of electro-motive force; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by United States Statute as, that electro-motive force which steadily applied to a conductor whose resistance is one ohm will produce a current of one ampère. It is practically equivalent to", @@ -84842,13 +75319,10 @@ "voluptuousness": null, "volute": "1. (Arch.) A spiral scroll which forms the chief feature of the Ionic capital, and which, on a much smaller scale, is a feature in the Corinthian and Composite capitals. See Illust. of Capital, also Helix, and Stale. 2. (Zoöl.) A spiral turn, as in certain shells. 3. (Zoöl.) Any voluta. Volute spiring, a spring formed of a spiral scroll of plate, rod, or wire, extended or extensible in the direction of the axis of the coil, in which direction its elastic force is exerted and employed.", "volutes": "1. (Arch.) A spiral scroll which forms the chief feature of the Ionic capital, and which, on a much smaller scale, is a feature in the Corinthian and Composite capitals. See Illust. of Capital, also Helix, and Stale. 2. (Zoöl.) A spiral turn, as in certain shells. 3. (Zoöl.) Any voluta. Volute spiring, a spring formed of a spiral scroll of plate, rod, or wire, extended or extensible in the direction of the axis of the coil, in which direction its elastic force is exerted and employed.", - "volvo": null, "vomit": "To eject the contents of the stomach by the mouth; to puke; to spew.\n\n1. To throw up; to eject from the stomach through the mouth; to disgorge; to puke; to spew out; -- often followed by up or out. The fish . . . vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. Jonah ii. 10. 2. Hence, to eject from any hollow place; to belch forth; to emit; to throw forth; as, volcanoes vomit flame, stones, etc. Like the sons of Vulcan, vomit smoke. Milton.\n\n1. Matter that is vomited; esp., matter ejected from the stomach through the mouth. Like vomit from his yawning entrails poured. Sandys. 2. (Med.) That which excites vomiting; an emetic. He gives your Hollander a vomit. Shak. Black vomit. (Med.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Vomit nut, nux vomica.", "vomited": null, "vomiting": "The spasmodic ejection of matter from the stomach through the mouth.", "vomits": "To eject the contents of the stomach by the mouth; to puke; to spew.\n\n1. To throw up; to eject from the stomach through the mouth; to disgorge; to puke; to spew out; -- often followed by up or out. The fish . . . vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. Jonah ii. 10. 2. Hence, to eject from any hollow place; to belch forth; to emit; to throw forth; as, volcanoes vomit flame, stones, etc. Like the sons of Vulcan, vomit smoke. Milton.\n\n1. Matter that is vomited; esp., matter ejected from the stomach through the mouth. Like vomit from his yawning entrails poured. Sandys. 2. (Med.) That which excites vomiting; an emetic. He gives your Hollander a vomit. Shak. Black vomit. (Med.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Vomit nut, nux vomica.", - "vonda": null, - "vonnegut": null, "voodoo": "1. See Voodooism. 2. One who practices voodooism; a negro sorcerer.\n\nOf or pertaining to voodooism, or a voodoo; as, voodoo incantations.", "voodooed": null, "voodooing": null, @@ -84858,8 +75332,6 @@ "voraciously": null, "voraciousness": null, "voracity": "The quality of being voracious; voraciousness.", - "voronezh": null, - "vorster": null, "vortex": "1. A mass of fluid, especially of a liquid, having a whirling or circular motion tending to form a cavity or vacuum in the center of the circle, and to draw in towards the center bodies subject to its action; the form assumed by a fluid in such motion; a whirlpool; an eddy. 2. (Cartesian System) A supposed collection of particles of very subtile matter, endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an axis which was also the axis of a sun or a planet. Descartes attempted to account for the formation of the universe, and the movements of the bodies composing it, by a theory of vortices. 3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small Turbellaria belonging to Vortex and allied genera. See Illustration in Appendix. Vortex atom (Chem.), a hypothetical ring-shaped mass of elementary matter in continuous vortical motion. It is conveniently regarded in certain mathematical speculations as the typical form and structure of the chemical atom. -- Vortex wheel, a kind of turbine.", "vortexes": null, "votaries": null, @@ -84899,18 +75371,12 @@ "voyeurism": null, "voyeuristic": null, "voyeurs": null, - "vp": null, "vs": "1. V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see U). The letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a consonant (about like English w) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it from it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel UPSILON (see Y), this Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma F (see F), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they took from the Semitic. Etymologically v is most nearly related to u, w, f, b, p; as in vine, wine; avoirdupois, habit, have; safe, save; trover, troubadour, trope. See U, F, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 265; also §§ 155, 169, 178-179, etc. 2. As a numeral, V stands for five, in English and Latin.", - "vt": null, - "vtol": null, - "vuitton": null, - "vulcan": "The god of fire, who presided over the working of metals; -- answering to the Greek Hephæstus.", "vulcanization": "The act or process of imparting to caoutchouc, gutta-percha, or the like, greater elasticity, durability, or hardness by heating with sulphur under pressure.", "vulcanize": "To change the properties of, as caoutchouc, or India rubber, by the process of vulcanization. Vulcanized fiber, paper, paper pulp, or other fiber, chemically treated, as with metallic chlorides, so as to form a substance resembling ebonite in texture, hardness, etc. Knight. -- Vulcanized rubber, India rubber, vulcanized.", "vulcanized": null, "vulcanizes": "To change the properties of, as caoutchouc, or India rubber, by the process of vulcanization. Vulcanized fiber, paper, paper pulp, or other fiber, chemically treated, as with metallic chlorides, so as to form a substance resembling ebonite in texture, hardness, etc. Knight. -- Vulcanized rubber, India rubber, vulcanized.", "vulcanizing": null, - "vulg": null, "vulgar": "1. Of or pertaining to the mass, or multitude, of people; common; general; ordinary; public; hence, in general use; vernacular. \"As common as any the most vulgar thing to sense. \" Shak. Things vulgar, and well-weighed, scarce worth the praise. Milton. It might be more useful to the English reader . . . to write in our vulgar language. Bp. Fell. The mechanical process of multiplying books had brought the New Testament in the vulgar tongue within the reach of every class. Bancroft. 2. Belonging or relating to the common people, as distinguished from the cultivated or educated; pertaining to common life; plebeian; not select or distinguished; hence, sometimes, of little or no value. \"Like the vulgar sort of market men.\" Shak. Men who have passed all their time in low and vulgar life. Addison. In reading an account of a battle, we follow the hero with our whole attention, but seldom reflect on the vulgar heaps of slaughter. Rambler. 3. Hence, lacking cultivation or refinement; rustic; boorish; also, offensive to good taste or refined feelings; low; coarse; mean; base; as, vulgar men, minds, language, or manners. Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. Shak. Vulgar fraction. (Arith.) See under Fraction.\n\n1. One of the common people; a vulgar person. [Obs.] These vile vulgars are extremely proud. Chapman. 2. The vernacular, or common language. [Obs.]", "vulgarer": null, "vulgarest": null, @@ -84928,8 +75394,6 @@ "vulgarizes": "To make vulgar, or common. Exhortation vulgarized by low wit. V. Knox.", "vulgarizing": null, "vulgarly": "In a vulgar manner.", - "vulgate": "An ancient Latin version of the Scripture, and the only version which the Roman Church admits to be authentic; -- so called from its common use in the Latin Church. Note: The Vulgate was made by Jerome at the close of the 4th century. The Old Testament he translated mostly from the Hebrew and Chaldaic, and the New Testament he revised from an older Latin version. The Douay version, so called, is an English translation from the Vulgate. See Douay Bible.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Vulgate, or the old Latin version of the Scriptures.", - "vulgates": "An ancient Latin version of the Scripture, and the only version which the Roman Church admits to be authentic; -- so called from its common use in the Latin Church. Note: The Vulgate was made by Jerome at the close of the 4th century. The Old Testament he translated mostly from the Hebrew and Chaldaic, and the New Testament he revised from an older Latin version. The Douay version, so called, is an English translation from the Vulgate. See Douay Bible.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Vulgate, or the old Latin version of the Scriptures.", "vulnerabilities": null, "vulnerability": "The quality or state of being vulnerable; vulnerableness.", "vulnerable": "1. Capable of being wounded; susceptible of wounds or external injuries; as, a vulnerable body. Achilles was vulnerable in his heel; and there will be wanting a Paris to infix the dart. Dr. T. Dwight. 2. Liable to injury; subject to be affected injuriously; assailable; as, a vulnerable reputation. His skill in finding out the vulnerable parts of strong minds was consummate. Macaulay.", @@ -84944,11 +75408,8 @@ "vuvuzelas": null, "vying": "a. & n. from Vie. -- Vy\"ing*ly, adv.", "w": "W, the twenty-third letter of the English alphabet, is usually a consonant, but sometimes it is a vowel, forming the second element of certain diphthongs, as in few, how. It takes its written form and its name from the repetition of a V, this being the original form of the Roman capital letter which we call U. Etymologically it is most related to v and u. See V, and U. Some of the uneducated classes in England, especially in London, confuse w and v, substituting the one for the other, as weal for veal, and veal for weal; wine for vine, and vine for wine, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 266-268.", - "wa": null, - "wabash": null, "wabbit": null, "wabbits": null, - "wac": null, "wack": null, "wacker": null, "wackest": null, @@ -84959,7 +75420,6 @@ "wackos": null, "wacks": null, "wacky": "A soft, earthy, dark-colored rock or clay derived from the alteration of basalt.", - "waco": null, "wad": "Woad. [Obs.]\n\n1. A little mass, tuft, or bundle, as of hay or tow. Holland. 2. Specifically: A little mass of some soft or flexible material, such as hay, straw, tow, paper, or old rope yarn, used for retaining a charge of powder in a gun, or for keeping the powder and shot close; also, to diminish or avoid the effects of windage. Also, by extension, a dusk of felt, pasteboard, etc., serving a similar purpose. 3. A soft mass, especially of some loose, fibrous substance, used for various purposes, as for stopping an aperture, padding a garment, etc. Wed hook, a rod with a screw or hook at the end, used for removing the wad from a gun.\n\n1. To form into a mass, or wad, or into wadding; as, to wad tow or cotton. 2. To insert or crowd a wad into; as, to wad a gun; also, to stuff or line with some soft substance, or wadding, like cotton; as, to wad a cloak.\n\n(a) An earthy oxide of manganese, or mixture of different oxides and water, with some oxide of iron, and often silica, alumina, lime, or baryta; black ocher. There are several varieties. (b) Plumbago, or black lead.", "wadded": null, "wadding": "1. A wad, or the materials for wads; any pliable substance of which wads may be made. 2. Any soft stuff of loose texture, used for stuffing or padding garments; esp., sheets of carded cotton prepared for the purpose.", @@ -85012,8 +75472,6 @@ "waggles": "To reel, sway, or move from side to side; to move with a wagging motion; to waddle. Why do you go nodding and waggling so L'Estrange.\n\nTo move frequently one way and the other; to wag; as, a bird waggles his tail.", "waggling": null, "waging": null, - "wagner": null, - "wagnerian": "Of, pertaining to, or resembling the style of, Richard Wagner, the German musical composer.", "wagon": "1. A wheeled carriage; a vehicle on four wheels, and usually drawn by horses; especially, one used for carrying freight or merchandise. Note: In the United States, light wagons are used for the conveyance of persons and light commodities. 2. A freight car on a railway. [Eng.] 3. A chariot [Obs.] Spenser. 4. (Astron.) The Dipper, or Charles's Wain. Note: This word and its compounds are often written with two g's (waggon, waggonage, etc.), chiefly in England. The forms wagon, wagonage, etc., are, however, etymologically preferable, and in the United States are almost universally used. Wagon boiler. See the Note under Boiler, 3. -- Wagon ceiling (Arch.), a semicircular, or wagon-headed, arch or ceiling; -- sometimes used also of a ceiling whose section is polygonal instead of semicircular. -- Wagon master, an officer or person in charge of one or more wagons, especially of those used for transporting freight, as the supplies of an army, and the like. -- Wagon shoe, a skid, or shoe, for retarding the motion of a wagon wheel; a drag. -- Wagon vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Vault.\n\nTo transport in a wagon or wagons; as, goods are wagoned from city to city.\n\nTo wagon goods as a business; as, the man wagons between Philadelphia and its suburbs.", "wagoner": "1. One who conducts a wagon; one whose business it is to drive a wagon. 2. (Astron.) The constellation Charles's Wain, or Ursa Major. See Ursa major, under Ursa.", "wagoners": "1. One who conducts a wagon; one whose business it is to drive a wagon. 2. (Astron.) The constellation Charles's Wain, or Ursa Major. See Ursa major, under Ursa.", @@ -85021,10 +75479,8 @@ "wags": "To move one way and the other with quick turns; to shake to and fro; to move vibratingly; to cause to vibrate, as a part of the body; as, to wag the head. No discerner durst wag his tongue in censure. Shak. Every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. Jer. xviii. 16. Note: Wag expresses specifically the motion of the head and body used in buffoonery, mirth, derision, sport, and mockery.\n\n1. To move one way and the other; to be shaken to and fro; to vibrate. The resty sieve wagged ne'er the more. Dryden. 2. To be in action or motion; to move; to get along; to progress; to stir. [Colloq.] \"Thus we may see,\" quoth he, \"how the world wags.\" Shak. 3. To go; to depart; to pack oft. [R.] I will provoke him to 't, or let him wag. Shak.\n\n1. The act of wagging; a shake; as, a wag of the head. [Colloq.] 2. Etym: [Perhaps shortened from wag-halter a rogue.] A man full of sport and humor; a ludicrous fellow; a humorist; a wit; a joker. We wink at wags when they offend. Dryden. A counselor never pleaded without a piece of pack thread in his hand, which he used to twist about a finger all the while he was speaking; the wags used to call it the thread of his discourse. Addison.", "wagtail": "Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family Motacillidæ. They have the habit of constantly jerking their long tails up and down, whence the name. Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow beneath. Called also yellow wagtail. -- Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail (Nemoricola Indica). -- Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla lugubris). It is variegated with black and white. The name is applied also to other allied species having similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher. -- Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta motacilloides) common in Southern Australia, where it is very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often builds its nest about houses; -- called also black fantail. -- Water wagtail. (a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of ponds and streams. (b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush. -- Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea) having a slender bill and short legs.", "wagtails": "Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family Motacillidæ. They have the habit of constantly jerking their long tails up and down, whence the name. Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow beneath. Called also yellow wagtail. -- Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail (Nemoricola Indica). -- Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla lugubris). It is variegated with black and white. The name is applied also to other allied species having similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher. -- Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta motacilloides) common in Southern Australia, where it is very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often builds its nest about houses; -- called also black fantail. -- Water wagtail. (a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of ponds and streams. (b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush. -- Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea) having a slender bill and short legs.", - "wahhabi": null, "waif": "1. (Eng. Law.) Goods found of which the owner is not known; originally, such goods as a pursued thief threw away to prevent being apprehended, which belonged to the king unless the owner made pursuit of the felon, took him, and brought him to justice. Blackstone. 2. Hence, anything found, or without an owner; that which comes along, as it were, by chance. \"Rolling in his mind old waifs of rhyme.\" Tennyson. 3. A wanderer; a castaway; a stray; a homeless child. A waif Desirous to return, and not received. Cowper.", "waifs": "1. (Eng. Law.) Goods found of which the owner is not known; originally, such goods as a pursued thief threw away to prevent being apprehended, which belonged to the king unless the owner made pursuit of the felon, took him, and brought him to justice. Blackstone. 2. Hence, anything found, or without an owner; that which comes along, as it were, by chance. \"Rolling in his mind old waifs of rhyme.\" Tennyson. 3. A wanderer; a castaway; a stray; a homeless child. A waif Desirous to return, and not received. Cowper.", - "waikiki": null, "wail": "To choose; to select. [Obs.] \"Wailed wine and meats.\" Henryson.\n\nTo lament; to bewail; to grieve over; as, to wail one's death. Shak.\n\nTo express sorrow audibly; to make mournful outcry; to weep. Therefore I will wail and howl. Micah i. 8.\n\nLoud weeping; violent lamentation; wailing. \"The wail of the forest.\" Longfellow.", "wailed": null, "wailer": "One who wails or laments.", @@ -85049,7 +75505,6 @@ "waistlines": null, "waists": "1. That part of the human body which is immediately below the ribs or thorax; the small part of the body between the thorax and hips. Chaucer. I am in the waist two yards about. Shak. 2. Hence, the middle part of other bodies; especially (Naut.), that part of a vessel's deck, bulwarks, etc., which is between the quarter-deck and the forecastle; the middle part of the ship. 3. A garment, or part of a garment, which covers the body from the neck or shoulders to the waist line. 4. A girdle or belt for the waist. [Obs.] Shak. Waist anchor. See Sheet anchor, 1, in the Vocabulary.", "wait": "1. To watch; to observe; to take notice. [Obs.] \"But [unless] ye wait well and be privy, I wot right well, I am but dead,\" quoth she. Chaucer. 2. To stay or rest in expectation; to stop or remain stationary till the arrival of some person or event; to rest in patience; to stay; not to depart. All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job xiv. 14. They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton. Haste, my dear father; 't is no time to wait. Dryden. To wait on or upon. (a) To attend, as a servant; to perform services for; as, to wait on a gentleman; to wait on the table. \"Authority and reason on her wait.\" Milton. \"I must wait on myself, must I\" Shak. (b) To attend; to go to see; to visit on business or for ceremony. (c) To follow, as a consequence; to await. \"That ruin that waits on such a supine temper.\" Dr. H. More. (d) To look watchfully at; to follow with the eye; to watch. [R.] \"It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with whom you speak with your eye.\" Bacon. (e) To attend to; to perform. \"Aaron and his sons . . . shallwait on their priest's office.\" Num. iii. 10. (f) (Falconry) To fly above its master, waiting till game is sprung; -- said of a hawk. Encyc. Brit.\n\n1. To stay for; to rest or remain stationary in expectation of; to await; as, to wait orders. Awed with these words, in camps they still abide, And wait with longing looks their promised guide. Dryden. 2. To attend as a consequence; to follow upon; to accompany; to await. [Obs.] 3. To attend on; to accompany; especially, to attend with ceremony or respect. [Obs.] He chose a thousand horse, the flower of all His warlike troops, to wait the funeral. Dryden. Remorse and heaviness of heart shall wait thee, And everlasting anguish be thy portion. Rowe. 4. To cause to wait; to defer; to postpone; -- said of a meal; as, to wait dinner. [Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of waiting; a delay; a halt. There is a wait of three hours at the border Mexican town of El Paso. S. B. Griffin. 2. Ambush. \"An enemy in wait.\" Milton. 3. One who watches; a watchman. [Obs.] 4. pl. Hautboys, or oboes, played by town musicians; not used in the singular. [Obs.] Halliwell. 5. pl. Musicians who sing or play at night or in the early morning, especially at Christmas time; serenaders; musical watchmen. [Written formerly wayghtes.] Hark! are the waits abroad Beau & Fl. The sound of the waits, rude as may be their minstrelsy, breaks upon the mild watches of a winter night with the effect of perfect harmony. W. Irving. To lay wait, to prepare an ambuscade. -- To lie in wait. See under 4th Lie.", - "waite": null, "waited": null, "waiter": "1. One who, or that which, waits; an attendant; a servant in attendance, esp. at table. The waiters stand in ranks; the yeomen cry, \"Make room,\" as if a duke were passing by. Swift. 2. A vessel or tray on which something is carried, as dishes, etc.; a salver. Coast waiter. See under Coast, n.", "waiters": "1. One who, or that which, waits; an attendant; a servant in attendance, esp. at table. The waiters stand in ranks; the yeomen cry, \"Make room,\" as if a duke were passing by. Swift. 2. A vessel or tray on which something is carried, as dishes, etc.; a salver. Coast waiter. See under Coast, n.", @@ -85078,22 +75533,12 @@ "wakes": "The track left by a vessel in the water; by extension, any track; as, the wake of an army. This effect followed immediately in the wake of his earliest exertions. De Quincey. Several humbler persons . . . formed quite a procession in the dusty wake of his chariot wheels. Thackeray.\n\n1. To be or to continue awake; to watch; not to sleep. The father waketh for the daughter. Ecclus. xlii. 9. Though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps. Milton. I can not think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it. Locke. 2. To sit up late festive purposes; to hold a night revel. The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail, and the swaggering upspring reels. Shak. 3. To be excited or roused from sleep; to awake; to be awakened; to cease to sleep; -- often with up. He infallibly woke up at the sound of the concluding doxology. G. Eliot. 4. To be exited or roused up; to be stirred up from a dormant, torpid, or inactive state; to be active. Gentle airs due at their hour To fan the earth now waked. Milton. Then wake, my soul, to high desires. Keble.\n\n1. To rouse from sleep; to awake. The angel . . . came again and waked me. Zech. iv. 1. 2. To put in motion or action; to arouse; to excite. \"I shall waken all this company.\" Chaucer. Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage. Milton. Even Richard's crusade woke little interest in his island realm. J. R. Green. 3. To bring to life again, as if from the sleep of death; to reanimate; to revive. To second life Waked in the renovation of the just. Milton. 4. To watch, or sit up with, at night, as a dead body.\n\n1. The act of waking, or being awaked; also, the state of being awake. [Obs. or Poetic] Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep. Shak. Singing her flatteries to my morning wake. Dryden. 2. The state of forbearing sleep, especially for solemn or festive purposes; a vigil. The warlike wakes continued all the night, And funeral games played at new returning light. Dryden. The wood nymphs, decked with daises trim, Their merry wakes and pastimes keep. Milton. 3. Specifically: (a) (Ch. of Eng.) An annual parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night, in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking, often to excess. Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and wakes throughout all England. Ld. Berners. And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer. Drayton. (b) The sitting up of persons with a dead body, often attended with a degree of festivity, chiefly among the Irish. \"Blithe as shepherd at a wake.\" Cowper. Wake play, the ceremonies and pastimes connected with a wake. See Wake, n., 3 (b), above. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "waking": "1. The act of waking, or the state or period of being awake. 2. A watch; a watching. [Obs.] \"Bodily pain . . . standeth in prayer, in wakings, in fastings.\" Chaucer. In the fourth waking of the night. Wyclif (Matt. xiv. 25).", "wakings": "1. The act of waking, or the state or period of being awake. 2. A watch; a watching. [Obs.] \"Bodily pain . . . standeth in prayer, in wakings, in fastings.\" Chaucer. In the fourth waking of the night. Wyclif (Matt. xiv. 25).", - "waksman": null, - "wald": "A forest; -- used as a termination of names. See Weald.", - "waldemar": null, - "walden": null, - "waldensian": "Of or pertaining to the Waldenses. -- n. One Holding the Waldensian doctrines.", - "waldheim": null, "waldo": null, "waldoes": null, - "waldorf": null, "waldos": null, "wale": "1. A streak or mark made on the skin by a rod or whip; a stripe; a wheal. See Wheal. Holland. 2. A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence, the texture of cloth. Thou 'rt rougher far, And of a coarser wale, fuller of pride. Beau & Fl. 3. (Carp.) A timber bolted to a row of piles to secure them together and in position. Knight. 4. (Naut.) (a) pl. Certain sets or strakes of the outside planking of a vessel; as, the main wales, or the strakes of planking under the port sills of the gun deck; channel wales, or those along the spar deck, etc. (b) A wale knot, or wall knot. Wale knot. (Naut.) See Wall knot, under 1st Wall.\n\n1. To mark with wales, or stripes. 2. To choose; to select; specifically (Mining), to pick out the refuse of (coal) by hand, in order to clean it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", "waled": null, "wales": "1. A streak or mark made on the skin by a rod or whip; a stripe; a wheal. See Wheal. Holland. 2. A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence, the texture of cloth. Thou 'rt rougher far, And of a coarser wale, fuller of pride. Beau & Fl. 3. (Carp.) A timber bolted to a row of piles to secure them together and in position. Knight. 4. (Naut.) (a) pl. Certain sets or strakes of the outside planking of a vessel; as, the main wales, or the strakes of planking under the port sills of the gun deck; channel wales, or those along the spar deck, etc. (b) A wale knot, or wall knot. Wale knot. (Naut.) See Wall knot, under 1st Wall.\n\n1. To mark with wales, or stripes. 2. To choose; to select; specifically (Mining), to pick out the refuse of (coal) by hand, in order to clean it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", - "walesa": null, - "walgreen": null, - "walgreens": null, "waling": "Same as Wale, n., 4.", "walk": "1. To move along on foot; to advance by steps; to go on at a moderate pace; specifically, of two-legged creatures, to proceed at a slower or faster rate, but without running, or lifting one foot entirely before the other touches the ground. At the end of twelve months, he walked in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon. Dan. iv. 29. When Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. Matt. xiv. 29. Note: In the walk of quadrupeds, there are always two, and for a brief space there are three, feet on the ground at once, but never four. 2. To move or go on the feet for exercise or amusement; to take one's exercise; to ramble. 3. To be stirring; to be abroad; to go restlessly about; -- said of things or persons expected to remain quiet, as a sleeping person, or the spirit of a dead person; to go about as a somnambulist or a specter. I have heard, but not believed, the spirits of the dead May walk again. Shak. When was it she last walked Shak. 4. To be in motion; to act; to move; to wag. [Obs.] \"Her tongue did walk in foul reproach.\" Spenser. Do you think I'd walk in any plot B. Jonson. I heard a pen walking in the chimney behind the cloth. Latimer. 5. To behave; to pursue a course of life; to conduct one's self. We walk perversely with God, and he will walk crookedly toward us. Jer. Taylor. 6. To move off; to depart. [Obs. or Colloq.] He will make their cows and garrans to walk. Spenser. To walk in, to go in; to enter, as into a house. -- To walk after the flesh (Script.), to indulge sensual appetites, and to live in sin. Rom. viii. 1. -- To walk after the Spirit (Script.), to be guided by the counsels and influences of the Spirit, and by the word of God. Rom. viii. 1. -- To walk by faith (Script.), to live in the firm belief of the gospel and its promises, and to rely on Christ for salvation. 2 Cor. v. 7. -- To walk in darkness (Script.), to live in ignorance, error, and sin. 1 John i. 6. -- To walk in the flesh (Script.), to live this natural life, which is subject to infirmities and calamities. 2 Cor. x. 3. -- To walk in the light (Script.), to live in the practice of religion, and to enjoy its consolations. 1 John i. 7. -- To walk over, in racing, to go over a course at a walk; -- said of a horse when there is no other entry; hence, colloquially, to gain an easy victory in any contest. -- To walk through the fire (Script.), to be exercised with severe afflictions. Isa. xliii. 2. -- To walk with God (Script.), to live in obedience to his commands, and have communion with him.\n\n1. To pass through, over, or upon; to traverse; to perambulate; as, to walk the streets. As we walk our earthly round. Keble. 2. To cause to walk; to lead, drive, or ride with a slow pace; as to walk one's horses. \" I will rather trust . . . a thief to walk my ambling gelding.\" Shak. 3. Etym: [AS. wealcan to roll. See Walk to move on foot.] To subject, as cloth or yarn, to the fulling process; to full. [Obs. or Scot.] To walk the plank, to walk off the plank into the water and be drowned; -- an expression derived from the practice of pirates who extended a plank from the side of a ship, and compelled those whom they would drown to walk off into the water; figuratively, to vacate an office by compulsion. Bartlett.\n\n1. The act of walking, or moving on the feet with a slow pace; advance without running or leaping. 2. The act of walking for recreation or exercise; as, a morning walk; an evening walk. 3. Manner of walking; gait; step; as, we often know a person at a distance by his walk. 4. That in or through which one walks; place or distance walked over; a place for walking; a path or avenue prepared for foot passengers, or for taking air and exercise; way; road; hence, a place or region in which animals may graze; place of wandering; range; as, a sheep walk. A woody mountain . . . with goodliest trees Planted, with walks and bowers. Milton. He had walk for a hundred sheep. Latimer. Amid the sound of steps that beat The murmuring walks like rain. Bryant. 5. A frequented track; habitual place of action; sphere; as, the walk of the historian. The mountains are his walks. Sandys. He opened a boundless walk for his imagination. Pope. 6. Conduct; course of action; behavior. 7. The route or district regularly served by a vender; as, a milkman's walk. [Eng.]", "walkabout": null, @@ -85105,7 +75550,6 @@ "walkers": "1. One who walks; a pedestrian. 2. That with which one walks; a foot. [Obs.] Lame Mulciber, his walkers quite misgrown. Chapman. 3. (Law) A forest officer appointed to walk over a certain space for inspection; a forester. 4. Etym: [AS. wealcere. See Walk, v. t., 3.] A fuller of cloth. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] She cursed the weaver and the walker The cloth that had wrought. Percy's Reliques. 5. (Zoöl.) Any ambulatorial orthopterous insect, as a stick insect.", "walkies": null, "walking": "a. & n. from Walk, v. Walking beam. See Beam, 10. -- Walking crane, a kind of traveling crane. See under Crane. -- Walking fern. (Bot.) See Walking leaf, below. -- Walking fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, some of which, as O. marulius, become over four feet long. They have a special cavity over the gills lined with a membrane adapted to retain moisture to aid in respiration, and are thus able to travel considerable distances over the land at night, whence the name. They construct a curious nest for their young. Called also langya. -- Walking gentleman (Theater), an actor who usually fills subordinate parts which require a gentlemanly appearance but few words. [Cant] -- Walking lady (Theater), an actress who usually fills such parts as require only a ladylike appearance on the stage. [Cant] -- Walking leaf. (a) (Bot.) A little American fern (Camptosorus rhizophyllus); -- so called because the fronds taper into slender prolongations which often root at the apex, thus producing new plants. (b) (Zoöl.) A leaf insect. See under Leaf. -- Walking papers, or Walking ticket, an order to leave; dismissal, as from office. [Colloq.] Bartlett. -- Walking stick. (a) A stick or staff carried in the hand for hand for support or amusement when walking; a cane. (b) (Zoöl.) A stick insect; -- called also walking straw. See Illust. of Stick insect, under Stick. -- Walking wheel (Mach.), a prime mover consisting of a wheel driven by the weight of men or animals walking either in it or on it; a treadwheel.", - "walkman": null, "walkout": null, "walkouts": null, "walkover": null, @@ -85116,13 +75560,10 @@ "wall": "A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot; a wale. Wall knot, a knot made by unlaying the strands of a rope, and making a bight with the first strand, then passing the second over the end of the first, and the third over the end of the second and through the bight of the first; a wale knot. Wall knots may be single or double, crowned or double-crowned.\n\n1. A work or structure of stone, brick, or other materials, raised to some height, and intended for defense or security, solid and permanent inclosing fence, as around a field, a park, a town, etc., also, one of the upright inclosing parts of a building or a room. The plaster of the wall of the King's palace. Dan. v. 5. 2. A defense; a rampart; a means of protection; in the plural, fortifications, in general; works for defense. The waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. Ex. xiv. 22. In such a night, Troilus, methinks, mounted the Troyan walls. Shak. To rush undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden. 3. An inclosing part of a receptacle or vessel; as, the walls of a steam-engine cylinder. 4. (Mining) (a) The side of a level or drift. (b) The country rock bounding a vein laterally. Raymond. Note: Wall is often used adjectively, and also in the formation of compounds, usually of obvious signification; as in wall paper, or wall-paper; wall fruit, or wall-fruit; wallflower, etc. Blank wall, Blind wall, etc. See under Blank, Blind, etc. -- To drive to the wall, to bring to extremities; to push to extremes; to get the advantage of, or mastery over. -- To go to the wall, to be hard pressed or driven; to be the weaker party; to be pushed to extremes. -- To take the wall. to take the inner side of a walk, that is, the side next the wall; hence, to take the precedence. \"I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague's.\" Shak. -- Wall barley (Bot.), a kind of grass (Hordeum murinum) much resembling barley; squirrel grass. See under Squirrel. -- Wall box. (Mach.) See Wall frame, below. -- Wall creeper (Zoöl.), a small bright-colored bird (Tichodroma muraria) native of Asia and Southern Europe. It climbs about over old walls and cliffs in search of insects and spiders. Its body is ash- gray above, the wing coverts are carmine-red, the primary quills are mostly red at the base and black distally, some of them with white spots, and the tail is blackish. Called also spider catcher. -- Wall cress (Bot.), a name given to several low cruciferous herbs, especially to the mouse-ear cress. See under Mouse-ear. -- Wall frame (Mach.), a frame set in a wall to receive a pillow block or bearing for a shaft passing through the wall; -- called also wall box. -- Wall fruit, fruit borne by trees trained against a wall. -- Wall gecko (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World geckos which live in or about buildings and run over the vertical surfaces of walls, to which they cling by means of suckers on the feet. -- Wall lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta muralis) which frequents houses, and lives in the chinks and crevices of walls; -- called also wall newt. -- Wall louse, a wood louse. -- Wall moss (Bot.), any species of moss growing on walls. -- Wall newt (Zoöl.), the wall lizard. Shak. -- Wall paper, paper for covering the walls of rooms; paper hangings. -- Wall pellitory (Bot.), a European plant (Parictaria officinalis) growing on old walls, and formerly esteemed medicinal. -- Wall pennywort (Bot.), a plant (Cotyledon Umbilicus) having rounded fleshy leaves. It is found on walls in Western Europe. -- Wall pepper (Bot.), a low mosslike plant (Sedum acre) with small fleshy leaves having a pungent taste and bearing yellow flowers. It is common on walls and rocks in Europe, and is sometimes seen in America. -- Wall pie (Bot.), a kind of fern; wall rue. -- Wall piece, a gun planted on a wall. H. L. Scott. -- Wall plate (Arch.), a piece of timber placed horizontally upon a wall, and supporting posts, joists, and the like. See Illust. of Roof. -- Wall rock, granular limestone used in building walls. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wall rue (Bot.), a species of small fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) growing on walls, rocks, and the like. -- Wall spring, a spring of water issuing from stratified rocks. -- Wall tent, a tent with upright cloth sides corresponding to the walls of a house. -- Wall wasp (Zoöl.), a common European solitary wasp (Odynerus parietus) which makes its nest in the crevices of walls.\n\n1. To inclose with a wall, or as with a wall. \"Seven walled towns of strength.\" Shak. The king of Thebes, Amphion, That with his singing walled that city. Chaucer. 2. To defend by walls, or as if by walls; to fortify. The terror of his name that walls us in. Denham. 3. To close or fill with a wall, as a doorway.", "wallabies": null, "wallaby": "Any one of numerous species of kangaroos belonging to the genus Halmaturus, native of Australia and Tasmania, especially the smaller species, as the brush kangaroo (H. Bennettii) and the pademelon (H. thetidis). The wallabies chiefly inhabit the wooded district and bushy plains. [Written also wallabee, and whallabee.]", - "wallace": null, "wallah": "A black variety of the jaguar; -- called also tapir tiger. [Written also walla.]", "wallahs": "A black variety of the jaguar; -- called also tapir tiger. [Written also walla.]", "wallboard": null, "walled": null, - "wallenstein": null, - "waller": "One who builds walls.\n\nThe wels.", "wallet": "1. A bag or sack for carrying about the person, as a bag for carrying the necessaries for a journey; a knapsack; a beggar's receptacle for charity; a peddler's pack. [His hood] was trussed up in his walet. Chaucer. 2. A pocketbook for keeping money about the person. 3. Anything protuberant and swagging. \"Wallets of flesh.\" Shak.", "wallets": "1. A bag or sack for carrying about the person, as a bag for carrying the necessaries for a journey; a knapsack; a beggar's receptacle for charity; a peddler's pack. [His hood] was trussed up in his walet. Chaucer. 2. A pocketbook for keeping money about the person. 3. Anything protuberant and swagging. \"Wallets of flesh.\" Shak.", "walleye": null, @@ -85132,8 +75573,6 @@ "wallflowers": "1. (Bot.) A perennial, cruciferous plant (Cheiranthus Cheiri), with sweet-scented flowers varying in color from yellow to orange and deep red. In Europe it very common on old walls. Note: The name is sometimes extended to other species of Cheiranthus and of the related genus Erysimum, especially the American Western wallflower (Erysimum asperum), a biennial herb with orange-yellow flowers. 2. A lady at a ball, who, either from choice, or because not asked to dance, remains a spectator. [Colloq.]", "wallies": null, "walling": "1. The act of making a wall or walls. 2. Walls, in general; material for walls. Walling wax, a composition of wax and tallow used by etchers and engravers to make a bank, or wall, round the edge of a plate, so as to form a trough for holding the acid used in etching, and the like. Fairholt.", - "wallis": null, - "walloon": null, "wallop": "To move quickly, but with great effort; to gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\nA quick, rolling movement; a gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]\n\n1. To boil with a continued bubbling or heaving and rolling, with noise. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett. 2. To move in a rolling, cumbersome manner; to waddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. To be slatternly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.\n\n1. To beat soundly; to flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U. S.] 2. To wrap up temporarily. [Prov. Eng.] 3. To throw or tumble over. [Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. A thick piece of fat. Halliwell. 2. A blow. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U.S.]", "walloped": null, "walloping": null, @@ -85149,18 +75588,10 @@ "wallpapers": null, "walls": "A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot; a wale. Wall knot, a knot made by unlaying the strands of a rope, and making a bight with the first strand, then passing the second over the end of the first, and the third over the end of the second and through the bight of the first; a wale knot. Wall knots may be single or double, crowned or double-crowned.\n\n1. A work or structure of stone, brick, or other materials, raised to some height, and intended for defense or security, solid and permanent inclosing fence, as around a field, a park, a town, etc., also, one of the upright inclosing parts of a building or a room. The plaster of the wall of the King's palace. Dan. v. 5. 2. A defense; a rampart; a means of protection; in the plural, fortifications, in general; works for defense. The waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. Ex. xiv. 22. In such a night, Troilus, methinks, mounted the Troyan walls. Shak. To rush undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden. 3. An inclosing part of a receptacle or vessel; as, the walls of a steam-engine cylinder. 4. (Mining) (a) The side of a level or drift. (b) The country rock bounding a vein laterally. Raymond. Note: Wall is often used adjectively, and also in the formation of compounds, usually of obvious signification; as in wall paper, or wall-paper; wall fruit, or wall-fruit; wallflower, etc. Blank wall, Blind wall, etc. See under Blank, Blind, etc. -- To drive to the wall, to bring to extremities; to push to extremes; to get the advantage of, or mastery over. -- To go to the wall, to be hard pressed or driven; to be the weaker party; to be pushed to extremes. -- To take the wall. to take the inner side of a walk, that is, the side next the wall; hence, to take the precedence. \"I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague's.\" Shak. -- Wall barley (Bot.), a kind of grass (Hordeum murinum) much resembling barley; squirrel grass. See under Squirrel. -- Wall box. (Mach.) See Wall frame, below. -- Wall creeper (Zoöl.), a small bright-colored bird (Tichodroma muraria) native of Asia and Southern Europe. It climbs about over old walls and cliffs in search of insects and spiders. Its body is ash- gray above, the wing coverts are carmine-red, the primary quills are mostly red at the base and black distally, some of them with white spots, and the tail is blackish. Called also spider catcher. -- Wall cress (Bot.), a name given to several low cruciferous herbs, especially to the mouse-ear cress. See under Mouse-ear. -- Wall frame (Mach.), a frame set in a wall to receive a pillow block or bearing for a shaft passing through the wall; -- called also wall box. -- Wall fruit, fruit borne by trees trained against a wall. -- Wall gecko (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World geckos which live in or about buildings and run over the vertical surfaces of walls, to which they cling by means of suckers on the feet. -- Wall lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta muralis) which frequents houses, and lives in the chinks and crevices of walls; -- called also wall newt. -- Wall louse, a wood louse. -- Wall moss (Bot.), any species of moss growing on walls. -- Wall newt (Zoöl.), the wall lizard. Shak. -- Wall paper, paper for covering the walls of rooms; paper hangings. -- Wall pellitory (Bot.), a European plant (Parictaria officinalis) growing on old walls, and formerly esteemed medicinal. -- Wall pennywort (Bot.), a plant (Cotyledon Umbilicus) having rounded fleshy leaves. It is found on walls in Western Europe. -- Wall pepper (Bot.), a low mosslike plant (Sedum acre) with small fleshy leaves having a pungent taste and bearing yellow flowers. It is common on walls and rocks in Europe, and is sometimes seen in America. -- Wall pie (Bot.), a kind of fern; wall rue. -- Wall piece, a gun planted on a wall. H. L. Scott. -- Wall plate (Arch.), a piece of timber placed horizontally upon a wall, and supporting posts, joists, and the like. See Illust. of Roof. -- Wall rock, granular limestone used in building walls. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wall rue (Bot.), a species of small fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) growing on walls, rocks, and the like. -- Wall spring, a spring of water issuing from stratified rocks. -- Wall tent, a tent with upright cloth sides corresponding to the walls of a house. -- Wall wasp (Zoöl.), a common European solitary wasp (Odynerus parietus) which makes its nest in the crevices of walls.\n\n1. To inclose with a wall, or as with a wall. \"Seven walled towns of strength.\" Shak. The king of Thebes, Amphion, That with his singing walled that city. Chaucer. 2. To defend by walls, or as if by walls; to fortify. The terror of his name that walls us in. Denham. 3. To close or fill with a wall, as a doorway.", "wally": null, - "walmart": null, "walnut": "The fruit or nut of any tree of the genus Juglans; also, the tree, and its timber. The seven or eight known species are all natives of the north temperate zone. Note: In some parts of America, especially in New England, the name walnut is given to several species of hickory (Carya), and their fruit. Ash-leaved walnut, a tree (Juglans fraxinifolia), native in Transcaucasia. -- Black walnut, a North American tree (J. nigra) valuable for its purplish brown wood, which is extensively used in cabinetwork and for gunstocks. The nuts are thick-shelled, and nearly globular. -- English, or European, walnut, a tree (J. regia), native of Asia from the Caucasus to Japan, valuable for its timber and for its excellent nuts, which are also called Madeira nuts. -- Walnut brown, a deep warm brown color, like that of the heartwood of the black walnut. -- Walnut oil, oil extracted from walnut meats. It is used in cooking, making soap, etc. -- White walnut, a North American tree (J. cinerea), bearing long, oval, thick-shelled, oily nuts, commonly called butternuts. See Butternut.", "walnuts": "The fruit or nut of any tree of the genus Juglans; also, the tree, and its timber. The seven or eight known species are all natives of the north temperate zone. Note: In some parts of America, especially in New England, the name walnut is given to several species of hickory (Carya), and their fruit. Ash-leaved walnut, a tree (Juglans fraxinifolia), native in Transcaucasia. -- Black walnut, a North American tree (J. nigra) valuable for its purplish brown wood, which is extensively used in cabinetwork and for gunstocks. The nuts are thick-shelled, and nearly globular. -- English, or European, walnut, a tree (J. regia), native of Asia from the Caucasus to Japan, valuable for its timber and for its excellent nuts, which are also called Madeira nuts. -- Walnut brown, a deep warm brown color, like that of the heartwood of the black walnut. -- Walnut oil, oil extracted from walnut meats. It is used in cooking, making soap, etc. -- White walnut, a North American tree (J. cinerea), bearing long, oval, thick-shelled, oily nuts, commonly called butternuts. See Butternut.", - "walpole": null, - "walpurgisnacht": null, "walrus": "A very large marine mammal (Trichecus rosmarus) of the Seal family, native of the Arctic Ocean. The male has long and powerful tusks descending from the upper jaw. It uses these in procuring food and in fighting. It is hunted for its oil, ivory, and skin. It feeds largely on mollusks. Called also morse. Note: The walrus of the North Pacific and Behring Strait (Trichecus obesus) is regarded by some as a distinct species, by others as a variety of the common walrus.", "walruses": null, - "walsh": null, - "walt": null, - "walter": "To roll or wallow; to welter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", - "walters": "To roll or wallow; to welter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]", - "walton": null, "waltz": "A dance performed by two persons in circular figures with a whirling motion; also, a piece of music composed in triple measure for this kind of dance.\n\nTo dance a waltz.", "waltzed": null, "waltzer": "A person who waltzes.", @@ -85169,9 +75600,7 @@ "waltzing": null, "wampum": "Beads made of shells, used by the North American Indians as money, and also wrought into belts, etc., as an ornament. Round his waist his belt of wampum. Longfellow. Girded with his wampum braid. Whittier. Note: These beads were of two kinds, one white, and the other black or dark purple. The term wampum is properly applied only to the white; the dark purple ones are called suckanhock. See Seawan. \"It [wampum] consisted of cylindrical pieces of the shells of testaceous fishes, a quarter of an inch long, and in diameter less than a pipestem, drilled . . . so as to be strung upon a thread. The beads of a white color, rated at half the value of the black or violet, passed each as the equivalent of a farthing in transactions between the natives and the planters.\" Palfrey.", "wan": "Won. Chaucer.\n\nHaving a pale or sickly hue; languid of look; pale; pallid. \"Sad to view, his visage pale and wan.\" Spenser. My color . . . [is] wan and of a leaden hue. Chaucer. Why so pale and wan, fond lover Suckling. With the wan moon overhead. Longfellow.\n\nThe quality of being wan; wanness. [R.] Tinged with wan from lack of sleep. Tennyson.\n\nTo grow wan; to become pale or sickly in looks. \"All his visage wanned.\" Shak. And ever he mutter'd and madden'd, and ever wann'd with despair. Tennyson.", - "wanamaker": null, "wand": "1. A small stick; a rod; a verge. With good smart blows of a wand on his back. Locke. 2. Specifically: (a) A staff of authority. Though he had both spurs and wand, they seemed rather marks of sovereignty than instruments of punishment. Sir P. Sidney. (b) A rod used by conjurers, diviners, magicians, etc. Picus bore a buckler in his hand; His other waved a long divining wand. Dryden. Wand of peace (Scots Law), a wand, or staff, carried by the messenger of a court, which he breaks when deforced (that is, hindered from executing process), as a symbol of the deforcement, and protest for remedy of law. Burrill.", - "wanda": null, "wander": "1. To ramble here and there without any certain course or with no definite object in view; to range about; to stroll; to rove; as, to wander over the fields. They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins. Heb. xi. 37. He wandereth abroad for bread. Job xv. 23. 2. To go away; to depart; to stray off; to deviate; to go astray; as, a writer wanders from his subject. When God caused me to wander from my father's house. Gen. xx. 13. O, let me not wander from thy commandments. Ps. cxix. 10. 3. To be delirious; not to be under the guidance of reason; to rave; as, the mind wanders. Syn. -- To roam; rove; range; stroll; gad; stray; straggly; err; swerve; deviate; depart.\n\nTo travel over without a certain course; to traverse; to stroll through. [R.] \"[Elijah] wandered this barren waste.\" Milton.", "wandered": null, "wanderer": "One who wanders; a rambler; one who roves; hence, one who deviates from duty.", @@ -85185,7 +75614,6 @@ "wane": "1. To be diminished; to decrease; -- contrasted with wax, and especially applied to the illuminated part of the moon. Like the moon, aye wax ye and wane. Waning moons their settled periods keep. Addison. 2. To decline; to fail; to sink. You saw but sorrow in its waning form. Dryden. Land and trade ever will wax and wane together. Sir J. Child.\n\nTo cause to decrease. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\n1. The decrease of the illuminated part of the moon to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline; failure; diminution; decrease; declension. An age in which the church is in its wane. South. Though the year be on the wane. Keble. 3. An inequality in a board. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", "waned": null, "wanes": "1. To be diminished; to decrease; -- contrasted with wax, and especially applied to the illuminated part of the moon. Like the moon, aye wax ye and wane. Waning moons their settled periods keep. Addison. 2. To decline; to fail; to sink. You saw but sorrow in its waning form. Dryden. Land and trade ever will wax and wane together. Sir J. Child.\n\nTo cause to decrease. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\n1. The decrease of the illuminated part of the moon to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline; failure; diminution; decrease; declension. An age in which the church is in its wane. South. Though the year be on the wane. Keble. 3. An inequality in a board. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.", - "wang": "1. The jaw, jawbone, or cheek bone. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] So work aye the wangs in his head. Chaucer. 2. A slap; a blow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wang tooth, a cheek tooth; a molar. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nSee Whang. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]", "wangle": null, "wangled": null, "wangler": null, @@ -85195,7 +75623,6 @@ "waning": "The act or process of waning, or decreasing. This earthly moon, the Church, hath fulls and wanings, and sometimes her eclipses. Bp. Hall.", "wank": null, "wanked": null, - "wankel": null, "wanker": null, "wankers": null, "wanking": null, @@ -85255,14 +75682,12 @@ "warfarin": null, "warhead": null, "warheads": null, - "warhol": null, "warhorse": null, "warhorses": null, "warier": null, "wariest": null, "warily": "In a wary manner.", "wariness": "The quality or state of being wary; care to foresee and guard against evil; cautiousness. \"An almost reptile wariness.\" G. W. Cable. To determine what are little things in religion, great wariness is to be used. Sprat. Syn. -- Caution; watchfulness; circumspection; foresight; care; vigilance; scrupulousness.", - "waring": null, "warlike": "1. Fit for war; disposed for war; as, a warlike state; a warlike disposition. Old Siward, with ten thousand warlike men. Shak. 2. Belonging or relating to war; military; martial. The great archangel from his warlike toil Surceased. Milton. Syn. -- Martial; hostile; soldierly. See Martial.", "warlock": "A male witch; a wizard; a sprite; an imp. [Written also warluck.] Dryden. It was Eyvind Kallda's crew Of warlocks blue, With their caps of darkness hooded! Longfellow.\n\nOf or pertaining to a warlock or warlock; impish. [R.] Thou shalt win the warlock fight. J. R. Drak", "warlocks": "A male witch; a wizard; a sprite; an imp. [Written also warluck.] Dryden. It was Eyvind Kallda's crew Of warlocks blue, With their caps of darkness hooded! Longfellow.\n\nOf or pertaining to a warlock or warlock; impish. [R.] Thou shalt win the warlock fight. J. R. Drak", @@ -85287,7 +75712,6 @@ "warmth": "1. The quality or state of being warm; gentle heat; as, the warmth of the sun; the warmth of the blood; vital warmth. Here kindly warmth their mounting juice ferments. Addison. 2. A state of lively and excited interest; zeal; ardor; fervor; passion; enthusiasm; earnestness; as, the warmth of love or piety; he replied with much warmth. \"Spiritual warmth, and holy fires.\" Jer. Taylor. That warmth . . . which agrees with Christian zeal. Sprat. 3. (Paint.) The glowing effect which arises from the use of warm colors; hence, any similar appearance or effect in a painting, or work of color. Syn. -- Zeal; ardor; fervor; fervency; heat; glow; earnestness; cordiality; animation; eagerness; excitement; vehemence.", "warn": "To refuse. [Written also wern, worn.] [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To make ware or aware; to give previous information to; to give notice to; to notify; to admonish; hence, to notify or summon by authority; as, to warn a town meeting; to warn a tenant to quit a house. \"Warned of the ensuing fight.\" Dryden. Cornelius the centurion . . . was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee. Acts x. 22. Who is it that hath warned us to the walls Shak. 2. To give notice to, of approaching or probable danger or evil; to caution against anything that may prove injurious. \"Juturna warns the Daunian chief of Lausus' danger, urging swift relief.\" Dryden. 3. To ward off. [Obs.] Spenser.", "warned": null, - "warner": "One who warns; an admonisher.\n\nA warrener. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.", "warning": "Giving previous notice; cautioning; admonishing; as, a warning voice. That warning timepiece never ceased. Longfellow. Warning piece, Warning wheel (Horol.), a piece or wheel which produces a sound shortly before the clock strikes.\n\n1. Previous notice. \"At a month's warning.\" Dryden. A great journey to take upon so short a warning. L'Estrange. 2. Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which incur danger; admonition; monition. Could warning make the world more just or wise. Dryden.", "warnings": "Giving previous notice; cautioning; admonishing; as, a warning voice. That warning timepiece never ceased. Longfellow. Warning piece, Warning wheel (Horol.), a piece or wheel which produces a sound shortly before the clock strikes.\n\n1. Previous notice. \"At a month's warning.\" Dryden. A great journey to take upon so short a warning. L'Estrange. 2. Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which incur danger; admonition; monition. Could warning make the world more just or wise. Dryden.", "warns": "To refuse. [Written also wern, worn.] [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. To make ware or aware; to give previous information to; to give notice to; to notify; to admonish; hence, to notify or summon by authority; as, to warn a town meeting; to warn a tenant to quit a house. \"Warned of the ensuing fight.\" Dryden. Cornelius the centurion . . . was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee. Acts x. 22. Who is it that hath warned us to the walls Shak. 2. To give notice to, of approaching or probable danger or evil; to caution against anything that may prove injurious. \"Juturna warns the Daunian chief of Lausus' danger, urging swift relief.\" Dryden. 3. To ward off. [Obs.] Spenser.", @@ -85315,7 +75739,6 @@ "warrior": "A man engaged or experienced in war, or in the military life; a soldier; a champion. Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton. Warrior ant (Zoöl.), a reddish ant (Formica sanguinea) native of Europe and America. It is one of the species which move in armies to capture and enslave other ants.", "warriors": "A man engaged or experienced in war, or in the military life; a soldier; a champion. Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton. Warrior ant (Zoöl.), a reddish ant (Formica sanguinea) native of Europe and America. It is one of the species which move in armies to capture and enslave other ants.", "wars": "Ware; aware. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, whether for defence, for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the extension of commerce, for the acquisition of territory, for obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over the other, or for any other purpose; armed conflict of sovereign powers; declared and open hostilities. Men will ever distinguish war from mere bloodshed. F. W. Robertson. Note: As war is the contest of nations or states, it always implies that such contest is authorized by the monarch or the sovereign power of the nation. A war begun by attacking another nation, is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. War undertaken to repel invasion, or the attacks of an enemy, is called defensive. 2. (Law) A condition of belligerency to be maintained by physical force. In this sense, levying war against the sovereign authority is treason. 3. Instruments of war. [Poetic] His complement of stores, and total war. Prior. 4. Forces; army. [Poetic] On their embattled ranks the waves return, And overwhelm their war. Milton. 5. The profession of arms; the art of war. Thou art but a youth, and he is a man of war from his youth. 1 Sam. xvii. 33. 6. a state of opposition or contest; an act of opposition; an inimical contest, act, or action; enmity; hostility. \"Raised impious war in heaven.\" Milton. The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart. Ps. lv. 21. Civil war, a war between different sections or parties of the same country or nation. -- Holy war. See under Holy. -- Man of war. (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Public war, a war between independent sovereign states. -- War cry, a cry or signal used in war; as, the Indian war cry. -- War dance, a dance among savages preliminary to going to war. Among the North American Indians, it is begun by some distinguished chief, and whoever joins in it thereby enlists as one of the party engaged in a warlike excursion. Schoolcraft. -- War field, a field of war or battle. -- War horse, a horse used in war; the horse of a cavalry soldier; especially, a strong, powerful, spirited horse for military service; a charger. -- War paint, paint put on the face and other parts of the body by savages, as a token of going to war. \"Wash the war paint from your faces.\" Longfellow. -- War song, a song of or pertaining to war; especially, among the American Indians, a song at the war dance, full of incitements to military ardor. -- War whoop, a war cry, especially that uttered by the American Indians.\n\nTo make war; to invade or attack a state or nation with force of arms; to carry on hostilities; to be in a state by violence. Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it. Isa. vii. 1. Why should I war without the walls of Troy Shak. Our countrymen were warring on that day! Byron. 2. To contend; to strive violently; to fight. \"Lusts which war against the soul.\" 1 Pet. ii. 11.\n\n1. To make war upon; to fight. [R.] To war the Scot, and borders to defend. Daniel. 2. To carry on, as a contest; to wage. [R.] That thou . . . mightest war a good warfare. Tim. i. 18.", - "warsaw": "(a) The black grouper (Epinephelus nigritus) of the southern coasts of the United States. (b) The jewfish; -- called also guasa.", "warship": null, "warships": null, "wart": "1. (Med.) A small, usually hard, tumor on the skin formed by enlargement of its vascular papillæ, and thickening of the epidermis which covers them. 2. An excrescence or protuberance more or less resembling a true wart; specifically (Bot.), a glandular excrescence or hardened protuberance on plants. Fig wart, Moist wart (Med.), a soft, bright red, pointed or tufted tumor found about the genitals, often massed into groups of large size. It is a variety of condyloma. Called also pointed wart, venereal wart. L. A. Duhring. -- Wart cress (Bot.), the swine's cress. See under Swine. -- Wart snake (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian colubrine snakes of the genus Acrochordus, having the body covered with wartlike tubercles or spinose scales, and lacking cephalic plates and ventral scutes. -- Wart spurge (Bot.), a kind of wartwort (Euphorbia Helioscopia).", @@ -85326,11 +75749,9 @@ "wartime": null, "warts": "1. (Med.) A small, usually hard, tumor on the skin formed by enlargement of its vascular papillæ, and thickening of the epidermis which covers them. 2. An excrescence or protuberance more or less resembling a true wart; specifically (Bot.), a glandular excrescence or hardened protuberance on plants. Fig wart, Moist wart (Med.), a soft, bright red, pointed or tufted tumor found about the genitals, often massed into groups of large size. It is a variety of condyloma. Called also pointed wart, venereal wart. L. A. Duhring. -- Wart cress (Bot.), the swine's cress. See under Swine. -- Wart snake (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian colubrine snakes of the genus Acrochordus, having the body covered with wartlike tubercles or spinose scales, and lacking cephalic plates and ventral scutes. -- Wart spurge (Bot.), a kind of wartwort (Euphorbia Helioscopia).", "warty": "1. Having warts; full of warts; overgrow with warts; as, a warty leaf. 2. Of the nature of warts; as, a warty excrescence. Warty egg (Zoöl.), a marine univalve shell (Ovulum verrucosum), having the surface covered with wartlike elevations.", - "warwick": null, "wary": "1. Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, artifices, and dangers; timorously or suspiciously prudent; circumspect; scrupulous; careful. \"Bear a wary eye.\" Shak. We should be wary, therefore, what persecution we raise against the living labors of public men. Milton. 2. Characterized by caution; guarded; careful. It behoveth our words to be wary and few. Hooker. Syn. -- Cautious; circumspect; watchful. See Cautious.", "was": "The first and third persons singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, preterit (imperfect) tense; as, I was; he was.", "wasabi": null, - "wasatch": null, "wash": "1. To cleanse by ablution, or dipping or rubbing in water; to apply water or other liquid to for the purpose of cleansing; to scrub with water, etc., or as with water; as, to wash the hands or body; to wash garments; to wash sheep or wool; to wash the pavement or floor; to wash the bark of trees. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, . . . he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person. Matt. xxvii. 24. 2. To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten; hence, to overflow or dash against; as, waves wash the shore. Fresh-blown roses washed with dew. Milton. [The landscape] washed with a cold, gray mist. Longfellow. 3. To waste or abrade by the force of water in motion; as, heavy rains wash a road or an embankment. 4. To remove by washing to take away by, or as by, the action of water; to drag or draw off as by the tide; -- often with away, off, out, etc.; as, to wash dirt from the hands. Arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins. Acts xxii. 16. The tide will wash you off. Shak. 5. To cover with a thin or watery coat of color; to tint lightly and thinly. 6. To overlay with a thin coat of metal; as, steel washed with silver. To wash gold, etc., to treat earth or gravel, or crushed ore, with water, in order to separate the gold or other metal, or metallic ore, through their superior gravity. -- To wash the hands of. See under Hand.\n\n1. To perform the act of ablution. Wash in Jordan seven times. 2 Kings v. 10. 2. To clean anything by rubbing or dipping it in water; to perform the business of cleansing clothes, ore, etc., in water. \"She can wash and scour.\" Shak. 3. To bear without injury the operation of being washed; as, some calicoes do not wash. [Colloq.] 4. To be wasted or worn away by the action of water, as by a running or overflowing stream, or by the dashing of the sea; -- said of road, a beach, etc.\n\n1. The act of washing; an ablution; a cleansing, wetting, or dashing with water; hence, a quantity, as of clothes, washed at once. 2. A piece of ground washed by the action of a sea or river, or sometimes covered and sometimes left dry; the shallowest part of a river, or arm of the sea; also, a bog; a marsh; a fen; as, the washes in Lincolnshire. \"The Wash of Edmonton so gay.\" Cowper. These Lincoln washes have devoured them. Shak. 3. Substances collected and deposited by the action of water; as, the wash of a sewer, of a river, etc. The wash of pastures, fields, commons, and roads, where rain water hath a long time settled. Mortimer. 4. Waste liquid, the refuse of food, the collection from washed dishes, etc., from a kitchen, often used as food for pigs. Shak. 5. (Distilling) (a) The fermented wort before the spirit is extracted. (b) A mixture of dunder, molasses, water, and scummings, used in the West Indies for distillation. B. Edwards. 6. That with which anything is washed, or wetted, smeared, tinted, etc., upon the surface. Specifically: -- (a) A liquid cosmetic for the complexion. (b) A liquid dentifrice. (c) A liquid preparation for the hair; as, a hair wash. (d) A medical preparation in a liquid form for external application; a lotion. (e) (Painting) A thin coat of color, esp. water color. (j) A thin coat of metal laid on anything for beauty or preservation. 7. (Naut.) (a) The blade of an oar, or the thin part which enters the water. (b) The backward current or disturbed water caused by the action of oars, or of a steamer's screw or paddles, etc. 8. The flow, swash, or breaking of a body of water, as a wave; also, the sound of it. 9. Ten strikes, or bushels, of oysters. [Prov. Eng.] Wash ball, a ball of soap to be used in washing the hands or face. Swift. -- Wash barrel (Fisheries), a barrel nearly full of split mackerel, loosely put in, and afterward filled with salt water in order to soak the blood from the fish before salting. -- Wash bottle. (Chem.) (a) A bottle partially filled with some liquid through which gases are passed for the purpose of purifying them, especially by removing soluble constituents. (b) A washing bottle. See under Washing. -- Wash gilding. See Water gilding. -- Wash leather, split sheepskin dressed with oil, in imitation of chamois, or shammy, and used for dusting, cleaning glass or plate, etc.; also, alumed, or buff, leather for soldiers' belts.\n\nWashy; weak. [Obs.] Their bodies of so weak and wash a temper. Beau. & Fl. 2. Capable of being washed without injury; washable; as, wash goods. [Colloq.]", "washable": "Capable of being washed without damage to fabric or color.", "washables": "Capable of being washed without damage to fabric or color.", @@ -85352,9 +75773,6 @@ "washiest": null, "washing": "1. The act of one who washes; the act of cleansing with water; ablution. 2. The clothes washed, esp. at one time; a wash. Washing bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. -- Washing bottle (Chem.), a bottle fitted with glass tubes passing through the cork, so that on blowing into one of the tubes a stream of water issuing from the other may be directed upon anything to be washed or rinsed, as a precipitate upon a filter, etc. -- Washing fluid, a liquid used as a cleanser, and consisting usually of alkaline salts resembling soaps in their action. -- Washing machine, a machine for washing; specifically, a machine for washing clothes. -- Washing soda. (Chem.) See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Washing stuff, any earthy deposit containing gold enough to pay for washing it; -- so called among gold miners.", "washings": "1. The act of one who washes; the act of cleansing with water; ablution. 2. The clothes washed, esp. at one time; a wash. Washing bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. -- Washing bottle (Chem.), a bottle fitted with glass tubes passing through the cork, so that on blowing into one of the tubes a stream of water issuing from the other may be directed upon anything to be washed or rinsed, as a precipitate upon a filter, etc. -- Washing fluid, a liquid used as a cleanser, and consisting usually of alkaline salts resembling soaps in their action. -- Washing machine, a machine for washing; specifically, a machine for washing clothes. -- Washing soda. (Chem.) See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Washing stuff, any earthy deposit containing gold enough to pay for washing it; -- so called among gold miners.", - "washington": null, - "washingtonian": "1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, George Washington; as, a Washingtonian policy. Lowell. 2. Designating, or pertaining to, a temperance society and movement started in Baltimore in 1840 on the principle of total abstinence. -- n. A member of the Washingtonian Society.", - "washingtonians": "1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, George Washington; as, a Washingtonian policy. Lowell. 2. Designating, or pertaining to, a temperance society and movement started in Baltimore in 1840 on the principle of total abstinence. -- n. A member of the Washingtonian Society.", "washout": "The washing out or away of earth, etc., especially of a portion of the bed of a road or railroad by a fall of rain or a freshet; also, a place, especially in the bed of a road or railroad, where the earth has been washed away.", "washouts": "The washing out or away of earth, etc., especially of a portion of the bed of a road or railroad by a fall of rain or a freshet; also, a place, especially in the bed of a road or railroad, where the earth has been washed away.", "washrag": null, @@ -85375,7 +75793,6 @@ "wassailed": null, "wassailing": null, "wassails": "1. An ancient expression of good wishes on a festive occasion, especially in drinking to some one. Geoffrey of Monmouth relates, on the authority of Walter Calenius, that this lady [Rowena], the daughter of Hengist, knelt down on the approach of the king, and, presenting him with a cup of wine, exclaimed, Lord king wæs heil, that is, literally, Health be to you. N. Drake. 2. An occasion on which such good wishes are expressed in drinking; a drinking bout; a carouse. \"In merry wassail he . . . peals his loud song.\" Sir W. Scott. The king doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail. Shak. The victors abandoned themselves to feasting and wassail. Prescott. 3. The liquor used for a wassail; esp., a beverage formerly much used in England at Christmas and other festivals, made of ale (or wine) flavored with spices, sugar, toast, roasted apples, etc.; -- called also lamb's wool. A jolly wassail bowl, A wassail of good ale. Old Song. 4. A festive or drinking song or glee. [Obs.] Have you done your wassail! 'T is a handsome, drowsy ditty, I'll assure you. Beau. & Fl.\n\nOf or pertaining to wassail, or to a wassail; convivial; as, a wassail bowl. \"Awassail candle, my lord, all tallow.\" Shak. Wassail bowl, a bowl in which wassail was mixed, and placed upon the table. \"Spiced wassail bowl.\" J. Fletcher. \"When the cloth was removed, the butler brought in a huge silver vessel . . . Its appearance was hailed with acclamation, being the wassail bowl so renowned in Christmas festivity.\" W. Irving. -- Wassail cup, a cup from which wassail was drunk.\n\nTo hold a wassail; to carouse. Spending all the day, and good part of the night, in dancing, caroling, and wassailing. Sir P. Sidney.", - "wassermann": null, "wast": "The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style. See Was.", "wastage": "Loss by use, decay, evaporation, leakage, or the like; waste.", "waste": "1. Desolate; devastated; stripped; bare; hence, dreary; dismal; gloomy; cheerless. The dismal situation waste and wild. Milton. His heart became appalled as he gazed forward into the waste darkness of futurity. Sir W. Scott. 2. Lying unused; unproductive; worthless; valueless; refuse; rejected; as, waste land; waste paper. But his waste words returned to him in vain. Spenser. Not a waste or needless sound, Till we come to holier ground. Milton. Ill day which made this beauty waste. Emerson. 3. Lost for want of occupiers or use; superfluous. And strangled with her waste fertility. Milton. Waste gate, a gate by which the superfluous water of a reservoir, or the like, is discharged. -- Waste paper. See under Paper. -- Waste pipe, a pipe for carrying off waste, or superfluous, water or other fluids. Specifically: (a) (Steam Boilers) An escape pipe. See under Escape. (b) (Plumbing) The outlet pipe at the bottom of a bowl, tub, sink, or the like. -- Waste steam. (a) Steam which escapes the air. (b) Exhaust steam. -- Waste trap, a trap for a waste pipe, as of a sink.\n\n1. To bring to ruin; to devastate; to desolate; to destroy. Thou barren ground, whom winter's wrath hath wasted, Art made a mirror to behold my plight. Spenser. The Tiber Insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds. Dryden. 2. To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out. Until your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness. Num. xiv. 33. O, were I able To waste it all myself, and leave ye none! Milton. Here condemned To waste eternal days in woe and pain. Milton. Wasted by such a course of life, the infirmities of age daily grew on him. Robertson. 3. To spend unnecessarily or carelessly; to employ prodigally; to expend without valuable result; to apply to useless purposes; to lavish vainly; to squander; to cause to be lost; to destroy by scattering or injury. The younger son gathered all together, and . . . wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air. Gray. 4. (Law) To damage, impair, or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, etc., to go to decay. Syn. -- To squander; dissipate; lavish; desolate.\n\n1. To be diminished; to lose bulk, substance, strength, value, or the like, gradually; to be consumed; to dwindle; to grow less. The time wasteth night and day. Chaucer. The barrel of meal shall not waste. 1 Kings xvii. 14. But man dieth, and wasteth away. Job xiv. 10. 2. (Sporting) To procure or sustain a reduction of flesh; -- said of a jockey in preparation for a race, etc.\n\n1. The act of wasting, or the state of being wasted; a squandering; needless destruction; useless consumption or expenditure; devastation; loss without equivalent gain; gradual loss or decrease, by use, wear, or decay; as, a waste of property, time, labor, words, etc. \"Waste . . . of catel and of time.\" Chaucer. For all this waste of wealth loss of blood. Milton. He will never . . . in the way of waste, attempt us again. Shak. Little wastes in great establishments, constantly occurring, may defeat the energies of a mighty capital. L. Beecher. 2. That which is wasted or desolate; a devastated, uncultivated, or wild country; a deserted region; an unoccupied or unemployed space; a dreary void; a desert; a wilderness. \"The wastes of Nature.\" Emerson. All the leafy nation sinks at last, And Vulcan rides in triumph o'er the waste. Dryden. The gloomy waste of waters which bears his name is his tomb and his monument. Bancroft. 3. That which is of no value; worthless remnants; refuse. Specifically: Remnants of cops, or other refuse resulting from the working of cotton, wool, hemp, and the like, used for wiping machinery, absorbing oil in the axle boxes of railway cars, etc. 4. (Law) Spoil, destruction, or injury, done to houses, woods, fences, lands, etc., by a tenant for life or for years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. Note: Waste is voluntary, as by pulling down buildings; or permissive, as by suffering them to fall for want of necessary repairs. Whatever does a lasting damage to the freehold is a waste. Blackstone. 5. (Mining) Old or abandoned workings, whether left as vacant space or filled with refuse. Syn. -- Prodigality; diminution; loss; dissipation; destruction; devastation; havoc; desolation; ravage.", @@ -85431,7 +75848,6 @@ "waterboardings": null, "waterboards": "A board set up to windward in a boat, to keep out water. Ham. Nav. Encyc.", "waterborne": null, - "waterbury": null, "watercolor": null, "watercolors": null, "watercourse": "One of the holes in floor or other plates to permit water to flow through.", @@ -85441,12 +75857,10 @@ "watered": null, "waterfall": "1. A fall, or perpendicular descent, of the water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendicular; a cascade; a cataract. 2. (Hairdressing) An arrangement of a woman's back hair over a cushion or frame in some resemblance to a waterfall. 3. A certain kind of neck scarf. T. Hughes.", "waterfalls": "1. A fall, or perpendicular descent, of the water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendicular; a cascade; a cataract. 2. (Hairdressing) An arrangement of a woman's back hair over a cushion or frame in some resemblance to a waterfall. 3. A certain kind of neck scarf. T. Hughes.", - "waterford": null, "waterfowl": "Any bird that frequents the water, or lives about rivers, lakes, etc., or on or near the sea; an aquatic fowl; -- used also collectively. Note: Of aquatic fowls, some are waders, or furnished with long legs; others are swimmers, or furnished with webbed feet.", "waterfowls": "Any bird that frequents the water, or lives about rivers, lakes, etc., or on or near the sea; an aquatic fowl; -- used also collectively. Note: Of aquatic fowls, some are waders, or furnished with long legs; others are swimmers, or furnished with webbed feet.", "waterfront": null, "waterfronts": null, - "watergate": null, "waterhole": null, "waterholes": null, "waterier": null, @@ -85458,8 +75872,6 @@ "waterline": null, "waterlines": null, "waterlogged": null, - "waterloo": null, - "waterloos": null, "watermark": "1. A mark indicating the height to which water has risen, or at which it has stood; the usual limit of high or low water. 2. A letter, device, or the like, wrought into paper during the process of manufacture. Note: \"The watermark in paper is produced by bending the wires of the mold, or by wires bent into the shape of the required letter or device, and sewed to the surface of the mold; -- it has the effect of making the paper thinner in places. The old makers employed watermarks of an eccentric kind. Those of Caxton and other early printers were an oxhead and star, a collared dog's head, a crown, a shield, a jug, etc. A fool's cap and bells, employed as a watermark, gave the name to foolscap paper; a postman's horn, such as was formerly in use, gave the name to post paper.\" Tomlinson. 3. (Naut.) See Water line, 2. [R.]", "watermarked": null, "watermarking": null, @@ -85480,28 +75892,19 @@ "waterspout": "A remarkable meteorological phenomenon, of the nature of a tornado or whirlwind, usually observed over the sea, but sometimes over the land. Note: Tall columns, apparently of cloud, and reaching from the sea to the clouds, are seen moving along, often several at once, sometimes straight and vertical, at other times inclined and tortuous, but always in rapid rotation. At their bases, the sea is violently agitated and heaped up with a leaping or boiling motion, water, at least in some cases, being actually carried up in considerable quantity, and scattered round from a great height, as solid bodies are by tornadoes on land. Sir J. Herschel.", "waterspouts": "A remarkable meteorological phenomenon, of the nature of a tornado or whirlwind, usually observed over the sea, but sometimes over the land. Note: Tall columns, apparently of cloud, and reaching from the sea to the clouds, are seen moving along, often several at once, sometimes straight and vertical, at other times inclined and tortuous, but always in rapid rotation. At their bases, the sea is violently agitated and heaped up with a leaping or boiling motion, water, at least in some cases, being actually carried up in considerable quantity, and scattered round from a great height, as solid bodies are by tornadoes on land. Sir J. Herschel.", "watertight": null, - "watertown": null, "waterway": "Heavy plank or timber extending fore and aft the whole length of a vessel's deck at the line of junction with the sides, forming a channel to the scuppers, which are cut through it. In iron vessels the waterway is variously constructed.", "waterways": "Heavy plank or timber extending fore and aft the whole length of a vessel's deck at the line of junction with the sides, forming a channel to the scuppers, which are cut through it. In iron vessels the waterway is variously constructed.", "waterwheel": null, "waterwheels": null, "waterworks": "1. (Paint.) Painting executed in size or distemper, on canvas or walls, -- formerly, frequently taking the place of tapestry. Shak. Fairholt. 2. An hydraulic apparatus, or a system of works or fixtures, by which a supply of water is furnished for useful or ornamental purposes, including dams, sluices, pumps, aqueducts, distributing pipes, fountains, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural.", "watery": "1. Of or pertaining to water; consisting of water. \"The watery god.\" Dryden. \"Fish within their watery residence.\" Milton. 2. Abounding with water; wet; hence, tearful. 3. Resembling water; thin or transparent, as a liquid; as, watery humors. The oily and watery parts of the aliment. Arbuthnot. 4. Hence, abounding in thin, tasteless, or insipid fluid; tasteless; insipid; vapid; spiritless.", - "watkins": null, - "wats": null, - "watson": null, - "watsonville": null, "watt": "A unit of power or activity equal to 107 C.G.S. units of power, or to work done at the rate of one joule a second. An English horse power is approximately equal to 746 watts.", "wattage": null, - "watteau": "Having the appearance of that which is seen in pictures by Antoine Watteau, a French painter of the eighteenth century; --said esp. of women's garments; as, a Watteau bodice.", "wattle": "1. A twig or flexible rod; hence, a hurdle made of such rods. And there he built with wattles from the marsh A little lonely church in days of yore. Tennyson. 2. A rod laid on a roof to support the thatch. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) A naked fleshy, and usually wrinkled and highly colored, process of the skin hanging from the chin or throat of a bird or reptile. (b) Barbel of a fish. 4. (a) The astringent bark of several Australian trees of the genus Acacia, used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark. (b) (Bot.) The trees from which the bark is obtained. See Savanna wattle, under Savanna. Wattle turkey. (Zoöl.) Same as Brush turkey.\n\n1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or interweave, one with another, as twigs; to form a network with; to plat; as, to wattle branches. 3. To form, by interweaving or platting twigs. The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes. Milton.", "wattled": "Furnished with wattles, or pendent fleshy processes at the chin or throat. The wattled cocks strut to and fro. Longfellow.", "wattles": "1. A twig or flexible rod; hence, a hurdle made of such rods. And there he built with wattles from the marsh A little lonely church in days of yore. Tennyson. 2. A rod laid on a roof to support the thatch. 3. (Zoöl.) (a) A naked fleshy, and usually wrinkled and highly colored, process of the skin hanging from the chin or throat of a bird or reptile. (b) Barbel of a fish. 4. (a) The astringent bark of several Australian trees of the genus Acacia, used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark. (b) (Bot.) The trees from which the bark is obtained. See Savanna wattle, under Savanna. Wattle turkey. (Zoöl.) Same as Brush turkey.\n\n1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or interweave, one with another, as twigs; to form a network with; to plat; as, to wattle branches. 3. To form, by interweaving or platting twigs. The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes. Milton.", "wattling": "The act or process of binding or platting with twigs; also, the network so formed. Made with a wattling of canes or sticks. Dampier.", "watts": "A unit of power or activity equal to 107 C.G.S. units of power, or to work done at the rate of one joule a second. An English horse power is approximately equal to 746 watts.", - "watusi": null, - "waugh": null, - "wausau": null, "wave": "See Wave. Sir H. Wotton. Burke.\n\n1. To play loosely; to move like a wave, one way and the other; to float; to flutter; to undulate. His purple robes waved careless to the winds. Trumbull. Where the flags of three nations has successively waved. Hawthorne. 2. To be moved to and fro as a signal. B. Jonson. 3. To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state; to vacillate. [Obs.] He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good nor harm. Shak.\n\n1. To move one way and the other; to brandish. \"[Æneas] waved his fatal sword.\" Dryden. 2. To raise into inequalities of surface; to give an undulating form a surface to. Horns whelked and waved like the enridged sea. Shak. 3. To move like a wave, or by floating; to waft. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 4. To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to signal; to indicate. Look, with what courteous action It waves you to a more removed ground. Shak. She spoke, and bowing waved Dismissal. Tennyson.\n\n1. An advancing ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid, as of the sea, resulting from the oscillatory motion of the particles composing it when disturbed by any force their position of rest; an undulation. The wave behind impels the wave before. Pope. 2. (Physics) A vibration propagated from particle to particle through a body or elastic medium, as in the transmission of sound; an assemblage of vibrating molecules in all phases of a vibration, with no phase repeated; a wave of vibration; an undulation. See Undulation. 3. Water; a body of water. [Poetic] \"Deep drank Lord Marmion of the wave.\" Sir W. Scott. Build a ship to save thee from the flood, I 'll furnish thee with fresh wave, bread, and wine. Chapman. 4. Unevenness; inequality of surface. Sir I. Newton. 5. A waving or undulating motion; a signal made with the hand, a flag, etc. 6. The undulating line or streak of luster on cloth watered, or calendered, or on damask steel. 7. Fig.: A swelling or excitement of thought, feeling, or energy; a tide; as, waves of enthusiasm. Wave front (Physics), the surface of initial displacement of the particles in a medium, as a wave of vibration advances. -- Wave length (Physics), the space, reckoned in the direction of propagation, occupied by a complete wave or undulation, as of light, sound, etc.; the distance from a point or phase in a wave to the nearest point at which the same phase occurs. -- Wave line (Shipbuilding), a line of a vessel's hull, shaped in accordance with the wave-line system. -- Wave-line system, Wave-line theory (Shipbuilding), a system or theory of designing the lines of a vessel, which takes into consideration the length and shape of a wave which travels at a certain speed. -- Wave loaf, a loaf for a wave offering. Lev. viii. 27. -- Wave moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small geometrid moths belonging to Acidalia and allied genera; -- so called from the wavelike color markings on the wings. -- Wave offering, an offering made in the Jewish services by waving the object, as a loaf of bread, toward the four cardinal points. Num. xviii. 11. -- Wave of vibration (Physics), a wave which consists in, or is occasioned by, the production and transmission of a vibratory state from particle to particle through a body. -- Wave surface. (a) (Physics) A surface of simultaneous and equal displacement of the particles composing a wave of vibration. (b) (Geom.) A mathematical surface of the fourth order which, upon certain hypotheses, is the locus of a wave surface of light in the interior of crystals. It is used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction. See under Refraction. -- Wave theory. (Physics) See Undulatory theory, under Undulatory.", "waveband": null, "wavebands": null, @@ -85552,8 +75955,6 @@ "waylayers": "One who waylays another.", "waylaying": null, "waylays": "To lie in wait for; to meet or encounter in the way; especially, to watch for the passing of, with a view to seize, rob, or slay; to beset in ambush. Falstaff, Bardolph, Peto, and Gadshill shall rob those men that we have already waylaid. Shak. She often contrived to waylay him in his walks. Sir W. Scott.", - "wayne": null, - "waynesboro": null, "ways": "Away. [Obs. or Archaic] Chaucer. To do way, to take away; to remove. [Obs.] \"Do way your hands.\" Chaucer. -- To make way with, to make away with. See under Away. [Archaic]\n\n1. That by, upon, or along, which one passes or processes; opportunity or room to pass; place of passing; passage; road, street, track, or path of any kind; as, they built a way to the mine. \"To find the way to heaven.\" Shak. I shall him seek by way and eke by street. Chaucer. The way seems difficult, and steep to scale. Milton. The season and ways were very improper for his majesty's forces to march so great a distance. Evelyn. 2. Length of space; distance; interval; as, a great way; a long way. And whenever the way seemed long, Or his heart began to fail. Longfellow. 3. A moving; passage; procession; journey. I prythee, now, lead the way. Shak. 4. Course or direction of motion or process; tendency of action; advance. If that way be your walk, you have not far. Milton. And let eternal justice take the way. Dryden. 5. The means by which anything is reached, or anything is accomplished; scheme; device; plan. My best way is to creep under his gaberdine. Shak. By noble ways we conquest will prepare. Dryden. What impious ways my wishes took! Prior. 6. Manner; method; mode; fashion; style; as, the way of expressing one's ideas. 7. Regular course; habitual method of life or action; plan of conduct; mode of dealing. \"Having lost the way of nobleness.\" Sir. P. Sidney. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Prov. iii. 17. When men lived in a grander way. Longfellow. 8. Sphere or scope of observation. Jer. Taylor. The public ministers that fell in my way. Sir W. Temple. 9. Determined course; resolved mode of action or conduct; as, to have one's way. 10. (Naut.) (a) Progress; as, a ship has way. (b) pl. The timbers on which a ship is launched. 11. pl. (Mach.) The longitudinal guides, or guiding surfaces, on the bed of a planer, lathe, or the like, along which a table or carriage moves. 12. (Law) Right of way. See below. By the way, in passing; apropos; aside; apart from, though connected with, the main object or subject of discourse. -- By way of, for the purpose of; as being; in character of. -- Covert way. (Fort.) See Covered way, under Covered. -- In the family way. See under Family. -- In the way, so as to meet, fall in with, obstruct, hinder, etc. -- In the way with, traveling or going with; meeting or being with; in the presence of. -- Milky way. (Astron.) See Galaxy, 1. -- No way, No ways. See Noway, Noways, in the Vocabulary. -- On the way, traveling or going; hence, in process; advancing toward completion; as, on the way to this country; on the way to success. -- Out of the way. See under Out. -- Right of way (Law), a right of private passage over another's ground. It may arise either by grant or prescription. It may be attached to a house, entry, gate, well, or city lot, as well as to a country farm. Kent. -- To be under way, or To have way (Naut.), to be in motion, as when a ship begins to move. -- To give way. See under Give. -- To go one's way, or To come one's way, to go or come; to depart or come along. Shak. -- To go the way of all the earth, to die. -- To make one's way, to advance in life by one's personal efforts. -- To make way. See under Make, v. t. -- Ways and means. (a) Methods; resources; facilities. (b) (Legislation) Means for raising money; resources for revenue. -- Way leave, permission to cross, or a right of way across, land; also, rent paid for such right. [Eng] -- Way of the cross (Eccl.), the course taken in visiting in rotation the stations of the cross. See Station, n., 7 (c). -- Way of the rounds (Fort.), a space left for the passage of the rounds between a rampart and the wall of a fortified town. -- Way pane, a pane for cartage in irrigated land. See Pane, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] -- Way passenger, a passenger taken up, or set down, at some intermediate place between the principal stations on a line of travel. -- Ways of God, his providential government, or his works. -- Way station, an intermediate station between principal stations on a line of travel, especially on a railroad. -- Way train, a train which stops at the intermediate, or way, stations; an accommodation train. -- Way warden, the surveyor of a road. Syn. -- Street; highway; road. -- Way, Street, Highway, Road. Way is generic, denoting any line for passage or conveyance; a highway is literally one raised for the sake of dryness and convenience in traveling; a road is, strictly, a way for horses and carriages; a street is, etymologically, a paved way, as early made in towns and cities; and, hence, the word is distinctively applied to roads or highways in compact settlements. All keep the broad highway, and take delight With many rather for to go astray. Spenser. There is but one road by which to climb up. Addison. When night Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. Milton.\n\nTo go or travel to; to go in, as a way or path. [Obs.] \"In land not wayed.\" Wyclif.\n\nTo move; to progress; to go. [R.] On a time as they together wayed. Spenser.", "wayside": "The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path.\n\nOf or pertaining to the wayside; as, wayside flowers. \"A wayside inn.\" Longfellow.", "waysides": "The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path.\n\nOf or pertaining to the wayside; as, wayside flowers. \"A wayside inn.\" Longfellow.", @@ -85562,7 +75963,6 @@ "waywardness": null, "wazoo": null, "wazoos": null, - "wc": null, "we": "The plural nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a person in speaking or writing denotes a number or company of which he is one, as the subject of an action expressed by a verb. Note: We is frequently used to express men in general, including the speaker. We is also often used by individuals, as authors, editors, etc., in speaking of themselves, in order to avoid the appearance of egotism in the too frequent repetition of the pronoun I. The plural style is also in use among kings and other sovereigns, and is said to have been begun by King John of England. Before that time, monarchs used the singular number in their edicts. The German and the French sovereigns followed the example of King John in a. d. 1200.", "weak": "1. Wanting physical strength. Specifically: -- (a) Deficient in strength of body; feeble; infirm; sickly; debilitated; enfeebled; exhausted. A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak. Weak with hunger, mad with love. Dryden. (b) Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope. (c) Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship. (d) Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant. (e) Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress. (f) Lacking force of utterance or sound; not sonorous; low; small; feeble; faint. A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish. Ascham. (g) Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine. (h) Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army. 2. Not possessing or manifesting intellectual, logical, moral, or political strength, vigor, etc. Specifically: - (a) Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless; as, a weak king or magistrate. To think every thing disputable is a proof of a weak mind and captious temper. Beattie. Origen was never weak enough to imagine that there were two Gods. Waterland. (b) Resulting from, or indicating, lack of judgment, discernment, or firmness; unwise; hence, foolish. If evil thence ensue, She first his weak indulgence will accuse. Milton. (c) Not having full confidence or conviction; not decided or confirmed; vacillating; wavering. Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations. Rom. xiv. 1. (d) Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.; easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as, weak resolutions; weak virtue. Guard thy heart On this weak side, where most our nature fails. Addison. (e) Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak sense of honor of duty. (f) Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case. \"Convinced of his weak arguing.\" Milton. A case so weak . . . hath much persisted in. Hooker. (g) Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a weak style. (h) Not prevalent or effective, or not felt to be prevalent; not potent; feeble. \"Weak prayers.\" Shak. (i) Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state. I must make fair weather yet awhile, Till Henry be more weak, and I more strong. Shak. (k) (Stock Exchange) Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market. 3. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) and past participle by adding to the present the suffix - ed, -d, or the variant form -t; as in the verbs abash, abashed; abate, abated; deny, denied; feel, felt. See Strong, 19 (a). (b) Pertaining to, or designating, a noun in Anglo-Saxon, etc., the stem of which ends in -n. See Strong, 19 (b). Note: Weak is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, weak-eyed, weak-handed, weak-hearted, weak-minded, weak-spirited, and the like. Weak conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of weak verbs; -- called also new, or regular, conjugation, and distinguished from the old, or irregular, conjugation. -- Weak declension (Anglo-Saxon Gram.), the declension of weak nouns; also, one of the declensions of adjectives. -- Weak side, the side or aspect of a person's character or disposition by which he is most easily affected or influenced; weakness; infirmity. -- Weak sore or ulcer (Med.), a sore covered with pale, flabby, sluggish granulations.\n\nTo make or become weak; to weaken. [R.] Never to seek weaking variety. Marston.", "weaken": "1. To make weak; to lessen the strength of; to deprive of strength; to debilitate; to enfeeble; to enervate; as, to weaken the body or the mind; to weaken the hands of a magistrate; to weaken the force of an objection or an argument. Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done. Neh. vi. 9. 2. To reduce in quality, strength, or spirit; as, to weaken tea; to weaken any solution or decoction.\n\nTo become weak or weaker; to lose strength, spirit, or determination; to become less positive or resolute; as, the patient weakened; the witness weakened on cross-examination. \"His notion weakens, his discernings are lethargied.\" Shak.", @@ -85655,7 +76055,6 @@ "weaves": "1. To unite, as threads of any kind, in such a manner as to form a texture; to entwine or interlace into a fabric; as, to weave wool, silk, etc.; hence, to unite by close connection or intermixture; to unite intimately. This weaves itself, perforce, into my business. Shak. That in their green shops weave the smooth-haired silk To deck her sons. Milton. And for these words, thus woven into song. Byron. 2. To form, as cloth, by interlacing threads; to compose, as a texture of any kind, by putting together textile materials; as, to weave broadcloth; to weave a carpet; hence, to form into a fabric; to compose; to fabricate; as, to weave the plot of a story. When she weaved the sleided silk. Shak. Her starry wreaths the virgin jasmin weaves. Ld. Lytton.\n\n1. To practice weaving; to work with a loom. 2. To become woven or interwoven.\n\nA particular method or pattern of weaving; as, the cassimere weave.", "weaving": "1. The act of one who, or that which, weaves; the act or art of forming cloth in a loom by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. (Far.) An incessant motion of a horse's head, neck, and body, from side to side, fancied to resemble the motion of a hand weaver in throwing the shuttle. Youatt.", "web": "A weaver. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. That which is woven; a texture; textile fabric; esp., something woven in a loom. Penelope, for her Ulysses' sake, Devised a web her wooers to deceive. Spenser. Not web might be woven, not a shuttle thrown, or penalty of exile. Bancroft. 2. A whole piece of linen cloth as woven. 3. The texture of very fine thread spun by a spider for catching insects at its prey; a cobweb. \"The smallest spider's web.\" Shak. 4. Fig.: Tissue; texture; complicated fabrication. The somber spirit of our forefathers, who wove their web of life with hardly a . . . thread of rose-color or gold. Hawthorne. Such has been the perplexing ingenuity of commentators that it is difficult to extricate the truth from the web of conjectures. W. Irving. 5. (Carriages) A band of webbing used to regulate the extension of the hood. 6. A thin metal sheet, plate, or strip, as of lead. And Christians slain roll up in webs of lead. Fairfax. Specifically: - (a) The blade of a sword. [Obs.] The sword, whereof the web was steel, Pommel rich stone, hilt gold. Fairfax. (b) The blade of a saw. (c) The thin, sharp part of a colter. (d) The bit of a key. 7. (Mach. & Engin.) A plate or thin portion, continuous or perforated, connecting stiffening ribs or flanges, or other parts of an object. Specifically: -- (a) The thin vertical plate or portion connecting the upper and lower flanges of an lower flanges of an iron girder, rolled beam, or railroad rail. (b) A disk or solid construction serving, instead of spokes, for connecting the rim and hub, in some kinds of car wheels, sheaves, etc. (c) The arm of a crank between the shaft and the wrist. (d) The part of a blackmith's anvil between the face and the foot. 8. (Med.) Pterygium; -- called also webeye. Shak. 9. (Anat.) The membrane which unites the fingers or toes, either at their bases, as in man, or for a greater part of their length, as in many water birds and amphibians. 10. (Zoöl.) The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers. See Feather. Pin and web (Med.), two diseases of the eye, caligo and pterygium; -- sometimes wrongly explained as one disease. See Pin, n., 8, and Web, n., 8. \"He never yet had pinne or webbe, his sight for to decay.\" Gascoigne. -- Web member (Engin.), one of the braces in a web system. -- Web press, a printing press which takes paper from a roll instead of being fed with sheets. -- Web system (Engin.), the system of braces connecting the flanges of a lattice girder, post, or the like.\n\nTo unite or surround with a web, or as if with a web; to envelop; to entangle.", - "webb": null, "webbed": "1. Provided with a web. 2. (Zoöl.) Having the toes united by a membrane, or web; as, the webbed feet of aquatic fowls.", "webbing": "A woven band of cotton or flax, used for reins, girths, bed bottoms, etc.", "webcam": null, @@ -85663,8 +76062,6 @@ "webcast": null, "webcasting": null, "webcasts": null, - "weber": "The standard unit of electrical quantity, and also of current. See Coulomb, and Amp. [Obs.]", - "webern": null, "webfeet": null, "webfoot": "1. A foot the toes of which are connected by a membrane. 2. (Zoöl.) Any web-footed bird.", "webinar": null, @@ -85680,11 +76077,8 @@ "webs": "A weaver. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. That which is woven; a texture; textile fabric; esp., something woven in a loom. Penelope, for her Ulysses' sake, Devised a web her wooers to deceive. Spenser. Not web might be woven, not a shuttle thrown, or penalty of exile. Bancroft. 2. A whole piece of linen cloth as woven. 3. The texture of very fine thread spun by a spider for catching insects at its prey; a cobweb. \"The smallest spider's web.\" Shak. 4. Fig.: Tissue; texture; complicated fabrication. The somber spirit of our forefathers, who wove their web of life with hardly a . . . thread of rose-color or gold. Hawthorne. Such has been the perplexing ingenuity of commentators that it is difficult to extricate the truth from the web of conjectures. W. Irving. 5. (Carriages) A band of webbing used to regulate the extension of the hood. 6. A thin metal sheet, plate, or strip, as of lead. And Christians slain roll up in webs of lead. Fairfax. Specifically: - (a) The blade of a sword. [Obs.] The sword, whereof the web was steel, Pommel rich stone, hilt gold. Fairfax. (b) The blade of a saw. (c) The thin, sharp part of a colter. (d) The bit of a key. 7. (Mach. & Engin.) A plate or thin portion, continuous or perforated, connecting stiffening ribs or flanges, or other parts of an object. Specifically: -- (a) The thin vertical plate or portion connecting the upper and lower flanges of an lower flanges of an iron girder, rolled beam, or railroad rail. (b) A disk or solid construction serving, instead of spokes, for connecting the rim and hub, in some kinds of car wheels, sheaves, etc. (c) The arm of a crank between the shaft and the wrist. (d) The part of a blackmith's anvil between the face and the foot. 8. (Med.) Pterygium; -- called also webeye. Shak. 9. (Anat.) The membrane which unites the fingers or toes, either at their bases, as in man, or for a greater part of their length, as in many water birds and amphibians. 10. (Zoöl.) The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers. See Feather. Pin and web (Med.), two diseases of the eye, caligo and pterygium; -- sometimes wrongly explained as one disease. See Pin, n., 8, and Web, n., 8. \"He never yet had pinne or webbe, his sight for to decay.\" Gascoigne. -- Web member (Engin.), one of the braces in a web system. -- Web press, a printing press which takes paper from a roll instead of being fed with sheets. -- Web system (Engin.), the system of braces connecting the flanges of a lattice girder, post, or the like.\n\nTo unite or surround with a web, or as if with a web; to envelop; to entangle.", "website": null, "websites": null, - "webster": "A weaver; originally, a female weaver. [Obs.] Brathwait.", - "websters": "A weaver; originally, a female weaver. [Obs.] Brathwait.", "wed": "A pledge; a pawn. [Obs.] Gower. Piers Plowman. Let him be ware, his neck lieth to wed [i. e., for a security]. Chaucer.\n\n1. To take for husband or for wife by a formal ceremony; to marry; to espouse. With this ring I thee wed. Bk. of Com. Prayer. I saw thee first, and wedded thee. Milton. 2. To join in marriage; to give in wedlock. And Adam, wedded to another Eve, Shall live with her. Milton. 3. Fig.: To unite as if by the affections or the bond of marriage; to attach firmly or indissolubly. Thou art wedded to calamity. Shak. Men are wedded to their lusts. Tillotson. [Flowers] are wedded thus, like beauty to old age. Cowper. 4. To take to one's self and support; to espouse. [Obs.] They positively and concernedly wedded his cause. Clarendon.\n\nTo contact matrimony; to marry. \"When I shall wed.\" Shak.", "wedded": "1. Joined in wedlock; married. Let wwedded dame. Pope. 2. Of or pertaining to wedlock, or marriage. \"Wedded love.\" Milton.", - "weddell": null, "wedder": "See Wether. Sir W. Scott.", "wedding": "Nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities; marriage; nuptials. Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz. Longfellow. Note: Certain anniversaries of an unbroken marriage have received fanciful, and more or less appropriate, names. Thus, the fifth anniversary is called the wooden wedding; the tenth, the tin wedding; the fifteenth, the crystal wedding; the twentieth, the china wedding; the twenty-fifth, the silver wedding; the fiftieth, the golden wedding; the sixtieth, the diamond wedding. These anniversaries are often celebrated by appropriate presents of wood, tin, china, silver, gold, etc., given by friends. Note: Wedding is often used adjectively; as, wedding cake, wedding cards, wedding clothes, wedding day, wedding feast, wedding guest, wedding ring, etc. Let her beauty be her wedding dower. Shak. Wedding favor, a marriage favor. See under Marriage.", "weddings": "Nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities; marriage; nuptials. Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz. Longfellow. Note: Certain anniversaries of an unbroken marriage have received fanciful, and more or less appropriate, names. Thus, the fifth anniversary is called the wooden wedding; the tenth, the tin wedding; the fifteenth, the crystal wedding; the twentieth, the china wedding; the twenty-fifth, the silver wedding; the fiftieth, the golden wedding; the sixtieth, the diamond wedding. These anniversaries are often celebrated by appropriate presents of wood, tin, china, silver, gold, etc., given by friends. Note: Wedding is often used adjectively; as, wedding cake, wedding cards, wedding clothes, wedding day, wedding feast, wedding guest, wedding ring, etc. Let her beauty be her wedding dower. Shak. Wedding favor, a marriage favor. See under Marriage.", @@ -85694,10 +76088,7 @@ "wedgie": null, "wedgies": null, "wedging": null, - "wedgwood": null, "wedlock": "1. The ceremony, or the state, of marriage; matrimony. \"That blissful yoke . . . that men clepeth [call] spousal, or wedlock.\" Chaucer. For what is wedlock forced but a hell, An age of discord or continual strife Shak. 2. A wife; a married woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- See Marriage.\n\nTo marry; to unite in marriage; to wed. [R.] \"Man thus wedlocked.\" Milton.", - "wednesday": "The fourth day of the week; the next day after Tuesday. Ash Wednesday. See in the Vocabulary.", - "wednesdays": "The fourth day of the week; the next day after Tuesday. Ash Wednesday. See in the Vocabulary.", "weds": "A pledge; a pawn. [Obs.] Gower. Piers Plowman. Let him be ware, his neck lieth to wed [i. e., for a security]. Chaucer.\n\n1. To take for husband or for wife by a formal ceremony; to marry; to espouse. With this ring I thee wed. Bk. of Com. Prayer. I saw thee first, and wedded thee. Milton. 2. To join in marriage; to give in wedlock. And Adam, wedded to another Eve, Shall live with her. Milton. 3. Fig.: To unite as if by the affections or the bond of marriage; to attach firmly or indissolubly. Thou art wedded to calamity. Shak. Men are wedded to their lusts. Tillotson. [Flowers] are wedded thus, like beauty to old age. Cowper. 4. To take to one's self and support; to espouse. [Obs.] They positively and concernedly wedded his cause. Clarendon.\n\nTo contact matrimony; to marry. \"When I shall wed.\" Shak.", "wee": "A little; a bit, as of space, time, or distance. [Obs. or Scot.]\n\nVery small; little. [Colloq. & Scot.] A little wee face, with a little yellow beard. Shak.", "weed": "1. A garment; clothing; especially, an upper or outer garment. \"Lowweeds.\" Spenser. \"Woman's weeds.\" Shak. \"This beggar woman's weed.\" Tennyson. He on his bed sat, the soft weeds he wore Put off. Chapman. 2. An article of dress worn in token of grief; a mourning garment or badge; as, he wore a weed on his hat; especially, in the plural, mourning garb, as of a woman; as, a widow's weeds. In a mourning weed, with ashes upon her head, and tears abundantly flowing. Milton.\n\nA sudden illness or relapse, often attended with fever, which attacks women in childbed. [Scot.]\n\n1. Underbrush; low shrubs. [Obs. or Archaic] One rushing forth out of the thickest weed. Spenser. A wild and wanton pard . . . Crouched fawning in the weed. Tennyson. 2. Any plant growing in cultivated ground to the injury of the crop or desired vegetation, or to the disfigurement of the place; an unsightly, useless, or injurious plant. Too much manuring filled that field with weeds. Denham. Note: The word has no definite application to any particular plant, or species of plants. Whatever plants grow among corn or grass, in hedges, or elsewhere, and are useless to man, injurious to crops, or unsightly or out of place, are denominated weeds. 3. Fig.: Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless. 4. (Stock Breeding) An animal unfit to breed from. 5. Tobacco, or a cigar. [Slang] Weed hook, a hook used for cutting away or extirpating weeds. Tusser.\n\n1. To free from noxious plants; to clear of weeds; as, to weed corn or onions; to weed a garden. 2. To take away, as noxious plants; to remove, as something hurtful; to extirpate. \"Weed up thyme.\" Shak. Wise fathers . . . weeding from their children ill things. Ascham. Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. Bacon. 3. To free from anything hurtful or offensive. He weeded the kingdom of such as were devoted to Elaiana. Howell. 4. (Stock Breeding) To reject as unfit for breeding purposes.", @@ -85757,9 +76148,6 @@ "weevils": "Any one of numerous species of snout beetles, or Rhynchophora, in which the head is elongated and usually curved downward. Many of the species are very injurious to cultivated plants. The larvæ of some of the species live in nuts, fruit, and grain by eating out the interior, as the plum weevil, or curculio, the nut weevils, and the grain weevil (see under Plum, Nut, and Grain). The larvæ of other species bore under the bark and into the pith of trees and various other plants, as the pine weevils (see under Pine). See also Pea weevil, Rice weevil, Seed weevil, under Pea, Rice, and Seed.", "weft": "imp. & p. p. of Wave.\n\nA thing waved, waived, or cast away; a waif. [Obs.] \"A forlorn weft.\" Spenser.\n\n1. The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp from selvage to selvage; the thread carried by the shuttle in weaving. 2. A web; a thing woven.", "wefts": "imp. & p. p. of Wave.\n\nA thing waved, waived, or cast away; a waif. [Obs.] \"A forlorn weft.\" Spenser.\n\n1. The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp from selvage to selvage; the thread carried by the shuttle in weaving. 2. A web; a thing woven.", - "wehrmacht": null, - "wei": null, - "weierstrass": null, "weigh": "A corruption of Way, used only in the phrase under weigh. An expedition was got under weigh from New York. Thackeray. The Athenians . . . hurried on board and with considerable difficulty got under weigh. Jowett (Thucyd.).\n\n1. To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up; as, to weigh anchor. \"Weigh the vessel up.\" Cowper. 2. To examine by the balance; to ascertain the weight of, that is, the force with which a thing tends to the center of the earth; to determine the heaviness, or quantity of matter of; as, to weigh sugar; to weigh gold. Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. Dan. v. 27. 3. To be equivalent to in weight; to counterbalance; to have the heaviness of. \"A body weighing divers ounces.\" Boyle. 4. To pay, allot, take, or give by weight. They weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. Zech. xi. 12. 5. To examine or test as if by the balance; to ponder in the mind; to consider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming to a conclusion; to estimate deliberately and maturely; to balance. A young man not weighed in state affairs. Bacon. Had no better weighed The strength he was to cope with, or his own. Milton. Regard not who it is which speaketh, but weigh only what is spoken. Hooker. In nice balance, truth with gold she weighs. Pope. Without sufficiently weighing his expressions. Sir W. Scott. 6. To consider as worthy of notice; to regard. [Obs. or Archaic] \"I weigh not you.\" Shak. All that she so dear did weigh. Spenser. To weigh down. (a) To overbalance. (b) To oppress with weight; to overburden; to depress. \"To weigh thy spirits down.\" Milton.\n\n1. To have weight; to be heavy. \"They only weigh the heavier.\" Cowper. 2. To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. Your vows to her and me . . . will even weigh. Shak. This objection ought to weigh with those whose reading is designed for much talk and little knowledge. Locke. 3. To bear heavily; to press hard. Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart. Shak. 4. To judge; to estimate. [R.] Could not weigh of worthiness aright. Spenser. To weigh down, to sink by its own weight.\n\nA certain quantity estimated by weight; an English measure of weight. See Wey.", "weighbridge": "A weighing machine on which loaded carts may be weighed; platform scales.", "weighbridges": "A weighing machine on which loaded carts may be weighed; platform scales.", @@ -85782,8 +76170,6 @@ "weightlifting": null, "weights": "1. The quality of being heavy; that property of bodies by which they tend toward the center of the earth; the effect of gravitative force, especially when expressed in certain units or standards, as pounds, grams, etc. Note: Weight differs from gravity in being the effect of gravity, or the downward pressure of a body under the influence of gravity; hence, it constitutes a measure of the force of gravity, and being the resultant of all the forces exerted by gravity upon the different particles of the body, it is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body. 2. The quantity of heaviness; comparative tendency to the center of the earth; the quantity of matter as estimated by the balance, or expressed numerically with reference to some standard unit; as, a mass of stone having the weight of five hundred pounds. For sorrow, like a heavy-hanging bell, Once set on ringing, with his own weight goes. Shak. 3. Hence, pressure; burden; as, the weight of care or business. \"The weight of this said time.\" Shak. For the public all this weight he bears. Milton. [He] who singly bore the world's sad weight. Keble. 4. Importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness; as, a consideration of vast weight. In such a point of weight, so near mine honor. Shak. 5. A scale, or graduated standard, of heaviness; a mode of estimating weight; as, avoirdupois weight; troy weight; apothecaries' weight. 6. A ponderous mass; something heavy; as, a clock weight; a paper weight. A man leapeth better with weights in his hands. Bacon. 7. A definite mass of iron, lead, brass, or other metal, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; as, an ounce weight. 8. (Mech.) The resistance against which a machine acts, as opposed to the power which moves it. [Obs.] Atomic weight. (Chem.) See under Atomic, and cf. Element. -- Dead weight, Feather weight, Heavy weight, Light weight, etc. See under Dead, Feather, etc. -- Weight of observation (Astron. & Physics), a number expressing the most probable relative value of each observation in determining the result of a series of observations of the same kind. Syn. -- Ponderousness; gravity; heaviness; pressure; burden; load; importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness.\n\n1. To load with a weight or weights; to load down; to make heavy; to attach weights to; as, to weight a horse or a jockey at a race; to weight a whip handle. The arrows of satire, . . . weighted with sense. Coleridge. 2. (Astron. & Physics) To assign a weight to; to express by a number the probable accuracy of, as an observation. See Weight of observations, under Weight.", "weighty": "1. Having weight; heavy; ponderous; as, a weighty body. 2. Adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince; important; forcible; serious; momentous. \"For sundry weighty reasons.\" Shak. Let me have your advice in a weighty affair. Swift. 3. Rigorous; severe; afflictive. [R.] \"Attend our weightier judgment.\" Shak. Syn. -- Heavy; ponderous; burdensome; onerous; forcible; momentous; efficacious; impressive; cogent. WEIL'S DISEASE Weil's disease. (Med.) An acute infectious febrile disease, resembling typhoid fever, with muscular pains, disturbance of the digestive organs, jaundice, etc.", - "weill": null, - "weinberg": null, "weir": "1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of conducting it to a mill, forming a fish pond, or the like. 2. A fence of stakes, brushwood, or the like, set in a stream, tideway, or inlet of the sea, for taking fish. 3. A long notch with a horizontal edge, as in the top of a vertical plate or plank, through which water flows, -- used in measuring the quantity of flowing water.", "weird": "1. Fate; destiny; one of the Fates, or Norns; also, a prediction. [Obs. or Scot.] 2. A spell or charm. [Obs. or Scot.] Sir W. Scott.\n\n1. Of or pertaining to fate; concerned with destiny. 2. Of or pertaining to witchcraft; caused by, or suggesting, magical influence; supernatural; unearthly; wild; as, a weird appearance, look, sound, etc. Myself too had weird seizures. Tennyson. Those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation. Longfellow. Weird sisters, the Fates. [Scot.] G. Douglas. Note: Shakespeare uses the term for the three witches in Macbeth. The weird sisters, hand in hand, Posters of the sea and land. Shak.\n\nTo foretell the fate of; to predict; to destine to. [Scot.] Jamieson.", "weirder": null, @@ -85795,10 +76181,6 @@ "weirdo": null, "weirdos": null, "weirs": "1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of conducting it to a mill, forming a fish pond, or the like. 2. A fence of stakes, brushwood, or the like, set in a stream, tideway, or inlet of the sea, for taking fish. 3. A long notch with a horizontal edge, as in the top of a vertical plate or plank, through which water flows, -- used in measuring the quantity of flowing water.", - "weirton": null, - "weiss": null, - "weissmuller": null, - "weizmann": null, "welcome": "1. Received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment, or company; as, a welcome visitor. When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest. Cowper. 2. Producing gladness; grateful; as, a welcome present; welcome news. \"O, welcome hour!\" Milton. 3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously; as, you are welcome to the use of my library. Note: Welcome is used elliptically for you are welcome. \"Welcome, great monarch, to your own.\" Dryden. Welcome-to-our-house (Bot.), a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Cyparissias). Dr. Prior.\n\n1. Salutation to a newcomer. \"Welcome ever smiles.\" Shak. 2. Kind reception of a guest or newcomer; as, we entered the house and found a ready welcome. His warmest welcome at an inn. Shenstone. Truth finds an entrance and a welcome too. South. To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness. To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak.\n\nTo salute with kindness, as a newcomer; to receive and entertain hospitably and cheerfully; as, to welcome a visitor; to welcome a new idea. \"I welcome you to land.\" Addison. Thus we salute thee with our early song, And welcome thee, and wish thee long. Milton.", "welcomed": null, "welcomes": "1. Received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment, or company; as, a welcome visitor. When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest. Cowper. 2. Producing gladness; grateful; as, a welcome present; welcome news. \"O, welcome hour!\" Milton. 3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously; as, you are welcome to the use of my library. Note: Welcome is used elliptically for you are welcome. \"Welcome, great monarch, to your own.\" Dryden. Welcome-to-our-house (Bot.), a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Cyparissias). Dr. Prior.\n\n1. Salutation to a newcomer. \"Welcome ever smiles.\" Shak. 2. Kind reception of a guest or newcomer; as, we entered the house and found a ready welcome. His warmest welcome at an inn. Shenstone. Truth finds an entrance and a welcome too. South. To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness. To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak.\n\nTo salute with kindness, as a newcomer; to receive and entertain hospitably and cheerfully; as, to welcome a visitor; to welcome a new idea. \"I welcome you to land.\" Addison. Thus we salute thee with our early song, And welcome thee, and wish thee long. Milton.", @@ -85809,15 +76191,11 @@ "welder": "One who welds, or unites pieces of iron, etc., by welding.\n\n1. One who welds, or wields. [Obs.] 2. A manager; an actual occupant. [Ireland. Obs.] \"The welder . . . who . . . lives miserably.\" Swift. WELDON'S PROCESS Wel\"don's proc\"ess, (Chem.) A process for the recovery or regeneration of manganese dioxide in the manufacture of chlorine, by means of milk of lime and the oxygen of the air; -- so called after the inventor.", "welders": "One who welds, or unites pieces of iron, etc., by welding.\n\n1. One who welds, or wields. [Obs.] 2. A manager; an actual occupant. [Ireland. Obs.] \"The welder . . . who . . . lives miserably.\" Swift. WELDON'S PROCESS Wel\"don's proc\"ess, (Chem.) A process for the recovery or regeneration of manganese dioxide in the manufacture of chlorine, by means of milk of lime and the oxygen of the air; -- so called after the inventor.", "welding": null, - "weldon": null, "welds": "To wield. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. (Bot.) An herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in Europe, and to some extent in America; dyer's broom; dyer's rocket; dyer's weed; wild woad. It is used by dyers to give a yellow color. [Written also woald, wold, and would.] 2. Coloring matter or dye extracted from this plant.\n\n1. To press or beat into intimate and permanent union, as two pieces of iron when heated almost to fusion. Note: Very few of the metals, besides iron and platinum. are capable of being welded. Horn and tortoise shell possess this useful property. 2. Fig.: To unite closely or intimately. Two women faster welded in one love. Tennyson.\n\nThe state of being welded; the joint made by welding. Butt weld. See under Butt. -- Scarf weld, a joint made by overlapping, and welding together, the scarfed ends of two pieces.", "welfare": "Well-doing or well-being in any respect; the enjoyment of health and the common blessings of life; exemption from any evil or calamity; prosperity; happiness. How to study for the people's welfare. Shak. In whose deep eyes Men read the welfare of the times to come. Emerson.", "welkin": "The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky. On the welkne shoon the sterres lyght. Chaucer. The fair welkin foully overcast. Spenser. When storms the welkin rend. Wordsworth. Note: Used adjectively by Shakespeare in the phase, \"Your welkin eye,\" with uncertain meaning.", "well": "1. An issue of water from the earth; a spring; a fountain. Begin, then, sisters of the sacred well. Milton. 2. A pit or hole sunk into the earth to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, generally of a cylindrical form, and often walled with stone or bricks to prevent the earth from caving in. The woman said unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep. John iv. 11. 3. A shaft made in the earth to obtain oil or brine. 4. Fig.: A source of supply; fountain; wellspring. \"This well of mercy.\" Chaucer. Dan Chaucer, well of English undefiled. Spenser. A well of serious thought and pure. Keble. 5. (Naut.) (a) An inclosure in the middle of a vessel's hold, around the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck, to preserve the pumps from damage and facilitate their inspection. (b) A compartment in the middle of the hold of a fishing vessel, made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated in the bottom to let in water for the preservation of fish alive while they are transported to market. (c) A vertical passage in the stern into which an auxiliary screw propeller may be drawn up out of water. (d) A depressed space in the after part of the deck; -- often called the cockpit. 6. (Mil.) A hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, from which run branches or galleries. 7. (Arch.) An opening through the floors of a building, as for a staircase or an elevator; a wellhole. 8. (Metal.) The lower part of a furnace, into which the metal falls. Artesian well, Driven well. See under Artesian, and Driven. -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well, 5 (a), above. -- Well boring, the art or process of boring an artesian well. -- Well drain. (a) A drain or vent for water, somewhat like a well or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land. (b) A drain conducting to a well or pit. -- Well room. (a) A room where a well or spring is situated; especially, one built over a mineral spring. (b) (Naut.) A depression in the bottom of a boat, into which water may run, and whence it is thrown out with a scoop. -- Well sinker, one who sinks or digs wells. -- Well sinking, the art or process of sinking or digging wells. -- Well staircase (Arch.), a staircase having a wellhole (see Wellhole (b)), as distinguished from one which occupies the whole of the space left for it in the floor. -- Well sweep. Same as Sweep, n., 12. -- Well water, the water that flows into a well from subterraneous springs; the water drawn from a well.\n\nTo issue forth, as water from the earth; to flow; to spring. \"[Blood] welled from out the wound.\" Dryden. \"[Yon spring] wells softly forth.\" Bryant. From his two springs in Gojam's sunny realm, Pure welling out, he through the lucid lake Of fair Dambea rolls his infant streams. Thomson.\n\nTo pour forth, as from a well. Spenser.\n\n1. In a good or proper manner; justly; rightly; not ill or wickedly. If thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. Gen. iv. 7. 2. Suitably to one's condition, to the occasion, or to a proposed end or use; suitably; abundantly; fully; adequately; thoroughly. Lot . . . beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere. Gen. xiii. 10. WE are wellable to overcome it. Num. xiii. 30. She looketh well to the ways of her household. Prov. xxxi. 27. Servant of God, well done! well hast thou fought The better fight. Milton. 3. Fully or about; -- used with numbers. [Obs.] \"Well a ten or twelve.\" Chaucer. Well nine and twenty in a company. Chaucer. 4. In such manner as is desirable; so as one could wish; satisfactorily; favorably; advantageously; conveniently. \"It boded well to you.\" Dryden. Know In measure what the mind may well contain. Milton. All the world speaks well of you. Pope. 5. Considerably; not a little; far. Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age. Gen. xviii. 11. Note: Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, as an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or done, and sometimes it expresses concession, or is merely expletive; as, well, the work is done; well, let us go; well, well, be it so. Note: Well, like above, ill, and so, is used before many participial adjectives in its usual adverbial senses, and subject to the same custom with regard to the use of the hyphen (see the Note under Ill, adv.); as, a well-affected supporter; he was well affected toward the project; a well-trained speaker; he was well trained in speaking; well-educated, or well educated; well-dressed, or well dressed; well- appearing; well-behaved; well-controlled; well-designed; well- directed; well-formed; well-meant; well-minded; well-ordered; well- performed; well-pleased; well-pleasing; well-seasoned; well-steered; well-tasted; well-told, etc. Such compound epithets usually have an obvious meaning, and since they may be formed at will, only a few of this class are given in the Vocabulary. As well. See under As. -- As well as, and also; together with; not less than; one as much as the other; as, a sickness long, as well as severe; London is the largest city in England, as well as the capital. -- Well enough, well or good in a moderate degree; so as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration. -- Well off, in good condition; especially, in good condition as to property or any advantages; thriving; prosperous. -- Well to do, well off; prosperous; -- used also adjectively. \"The class well to do in the world.\" J. H. Newman. -- Well to live, in easy circumstances; well off; well to do. Shak.\n\n1. Good in condition or circumstances; desirable, either in a natural or moral sense; fortunate; convenient; advantageous; happy; as, it is well for the country that the crops did not fail; it is well that the mistake was discovered. It was well with us in Egypt. Num. xi. 18. 2. Being in health; sound in body; not ailing, diseased, or sick; healthy; as, a well man; the patient is perfectly well. \"Your friends are well.\" Shak. Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake Gen. xliii. 27. 3. Being in favor; favored; fortunate. He followed the fortunes of that family, and was well with Henry the Fourth. Dryden. 4. (Marine Insurance) Safe; as, a chip warranted well at a certain day and place. Burrill. WE'LL We'll. Contraction for we will or we shall. \"We'll follow them.\" Shak.", - "welland": null, "welled": null, - "weller": null, - "welles": null, "wellhead": "A source, spring, or fountain. At the wellhead the purest streams arise. Spenser. Our public-school and university life is a great wellhead of new and irresponsible words. Earle.", "wellheads": "A source, spring, or fountain. At the wellhead the purest streams arise. Spenser. Our public-school and university life is a great wellhead of new and irresponsible words. Earle.", "wellie": null, @@ -85836,9 +76214,6 @@ "welshers": "One who cheats at a horse race; one who bets, without a chance of being able to pay; one who receives money to back certain horses and absconds with it. [Written also welcher.] [Slang, Eng.]", "welshes": null, "welshing": null, - "welshman": "1. A native or inhabitant of Wales; one of the Welsh. 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A squirrel fish. (b) The large-mouthed black bass. See Black bass. [Southern U. S.]", - "welshmen": null, - "welshwoman": null, "welt": "1. That which, being sewed or otherwise fastened to an edge or border, serves to guard, strengthen, or adorn it; as; (a) A small cord covered with cloth and sewed on a seam or border to strengthen it; an edge of cloth folded on itself, usually over a cord, and sewed down. (b) A hem, border, or fringe. [Obs.] (c) In shoemaking, a narrow strip of leather around a shoe, between the upper leather and sole. (d) In steam boilers and sheet-iron work, a strip riveted upon the edges of plates that form a butt joint. (e) In carpentry, a strip of wood fastened over a flush seam or joint, or an angle, to strengthen it. (f) In machine-made stockings, a strip, or flap, of which the heel is formed. 2. (Her.) A narrow border, as of an ordinary, but not extending around the ends. Welt joint, a joint, as of plates, made with a welt, instead of by overlapping the edges. See Weld, n., 1 (d).\n\nTo furnish with a welt; to sew or fasten a welt on; as, to welt a boot or a shoe; to welt a sleeve.\n\nTo wilt. [R.]", "welted": null, "welter": "1. To roll, as the body of an animal; to tumble about, especially in anything foul or defiling; to wallow. When we welter in pleasures and idleness, then we eat and drink with drunkards. Latimer. These wizards welter in wealth's waves. Spenser. He must not float upon his watery bier Unwept, and welter to the parching wind, Without the meed of some melodious tear. Milton. The priests at the altar . . . weltering in their blood. Landor. 2. To rise and fall, as waves; to tumble over, as billows. \"The weltering waves.\" Milton. Waves that, hardly weltering, die away. Wordsworth. Through this blindly weltering sea. Trench.\n\nTo wither; to wilt. [R.] Weltered hearts and blighted . . . memories. I. Taylor.\n\nOf, pertaining to, or designating, the most heavily weighted race in a meeting; as, a welter race; the welter stakes.\n\n1. That in which any person or thing welters, or wallows; filth; mire; slough. The foul welter of our so-called religious or other controversies. Carlyle. 2. A rising or falling, as of waves; as, the welter of the billows; the welter of a tempest.", @@ -85850,27 +76225,18 @@ "welting": null, "welts": "1. That which, being sewed or otherwise fastened to an edge or border, serves to guard, strengthen, or adorn it; as; (a) A small cord covered with cloth and sewed on a seam or border to strengthen it; an edge of cloth folded on itself, usually over a cord, and sewed down. (b) A hem, border, or fringe. [Obs.] (c) In shoemaking, a narrow strip of leather around a shoe, between the upper leather and sole. (d) In steam boilers and sheet-iron work, a strip riveted upon the edges of plates that form a butt joint. (e) In carpentry, a strip of wood fastened over a flush seam or joint, or an angle, to strengthen it. (f) In machine-made stockings, a strip, or flap, of which the heel is formed. 2. (Her.) A narrow border, as of an ordinary, but not extending around the ends. Welt joint, a joint, as of plates, made with a welt, instead of by overlapping the edges. See Weld, n., 1 (d).\n\nTo furnish with a welt; to sew or fasten a welt on; as, to welt a boot or a shoe; to welt a sleeve.\n\nTo wilt. [R.]", "wen": "An indolent, encysted tumor of the skin; especially, a sebaceous cyst.\n\nOne of the runes adopted into the Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, alphabet. It had the value of modern English w, and was replaced from about a. d. 1280 at first by uu, later by w. X.", - "wenatchee": null, "wench": "1. A young woman; a girl; a maiden. Shak. Lord and lady, groom and wench. Chaucer. That they may send again My most sweet wench, and gifts to boot. Chapman. He was received by the daughter of the house, a pretty, buxom, blue- eyed little wench. W. Black. 2. A low, vicious young woman; a drab; a strumpet. She shall be called his wench or his leman. Chaucer. It is not a digression to talk of bawds in a discourse upon wenches. Spectator. 3. A colored woman; a negress. [U. S.]\n\nTo frequent the company of wenches, or women of ill fame.", "wenches": null, "wend": "p. p. of Wene. Chaucer.\n\n1. To go; to pass; to betake one's self. \"To Canterbury they wend.\" Chaucer. To Athens shall the lovers wend. Shak. 2. To turn round. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.\n\nTo direct; to betake;- used chiefly in the phrase to wend one's way. Also used reflexively. \"Great voyages to wend.\" Surrey.\n\nA large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit. [Obs.] Burrill.", "wended": null, - "wendell": null, - "wendi": null, "wending": null, "wends": "A Slavic tribe which once occupied the northern and eastern parts of Germany, of which a small remnant exists.", - "wendy": null, "wens": "An indolent, encysted tumor of the skin; especially, a sebaceous cyst.\n\nOne of the runes adopted into the Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, alphabet. It had the value of modern English w, and was replaced from about a. d. 1280 at first by uu, later by w. X.", "went": "imp. & p. p. of Wend; -- now obsolete except as the imperfect of go, with which it has no etymological connection. See Go. To the church both be they went. Chaucer.\n\nCourse; way; path; journey; direction. [Obs.] \"At a turning of a wente.\" Chaucer. But here my weary team, nigh overspent, Shall breathe itself awhile after so long a went. Spenser. He knew the diverse went of mortal ways. Spenser.", "wept": "imp. & p. p. of Weep.", "were": "To wear. See 3d Wear. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nA weir. See Weir. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.\n\nTo guard; to protect. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\nThe imperfect indicative plural, and imperfect subjunctive singular and plural, of the verb be. See Be.\n\n1. A man. [Obs.] 2. A fine for slaying a man; the money value set upon a man's life; weregild. [Obs.] Every man was valued at a certain sum, which was called his were. Bosworth.", "werewolf": "A person transformed into a wolf in form and appetite, either temporarily or permanently, whether by supernatural influences, by witchcraft, or voluntarily; a lycanthrope. Belief in werewolves, formerly general, is not now extinct. The werwolf went about his prey. William of Palerne. The brutes that wear our form and face, The werewolves of the human race. Longfellow.", "werewolves": null, - "wesak": null, - "wesley": null, - "wesleyan": "Of or pertaining to Wesley or Wesleyanism.\n\nOne who adopts the principles of Wesleyanism; a Methodist.", - "wessex": null, - "wesson": null, "west": "1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to set at the equinox; or, the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and on the left hand of a person facing north; the point directly opposite to east. And fresh from the west is the free wind's breath. Bryant. 2. A country, or region of country, which, with regard to some other country or region, is situated in the direction toward the west. 3. Specifically: (a) The Westen hemisphere, or the New World so called, it having been discovered by sailing westward from Europe; the Occident. (b) (U. S. Hist. & Geog.) Formerly, that part of the United States west of the Alleghany mountains; now, commonly, the whole region west of the Mississippi river; esp., that part which is north of the Indian Territory, New Mexico, etc. Usually with the definite article. West by north, West by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- West northwest, West southwest, that point which lies 22Illust. of Compass.\n\nLying toward the west; situated at the west, or in a western direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the west, or coming from the west; as, a west course is one toward the west; an east and west line; a west wind blows from the west. This shall be your west border. Num. xxxiv. 6. West end, the fashionable part of London, commencing from the east, at Charing Cross.\n\nWestward.\n\n1. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. [Obs.] \"The hot sun gan to west.\" Chaucer. 2. To turn or move toward the west; to veer from the north or south toward the west.", "westbound": null, "westerlies": null, @@ -85885,11 +76251,6 @@ "westernizing": null, "westernmost": "Situated the farthest towards the west; most western.", "westerns": "1. Of or pertaining to the west; situated in the west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where the sun sets; as, the western shore of France; the western ocean. Far o'er the glowing western main. Keble. 2. Moving toward the west; as, a ship makes a western course; coming from the west; as, a western breeze. Western Church. See Latin Church, under Latin. -- Western empire (Hist.), the western portion of the Roman empire, as divided, by the will of Theodosius the Great, between his sons Honorius and Arcadius, a. d. 395.", - "westinghouse": null, - "westminster": null, - "weston": null, - "westphalia": null, - "wests": "1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to set at the equinox; or, the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and on the left hand of a person facing north; the point directly opposite to east. And fresh from the west is the free wind's breath. Bryant. 2. A country, or region of country, which, with regard to some other country or region, is situated in the direction toward the west. 3. Specifically: (a) The Westen hemisphere, or the New World so called, it having been discovered by sailing westward from Europe; the Occident. (b) (U. S. Hist. & Geog.) Formerly, that part of the United States west of the Alleghany mountains; now, commonly, the whole region west of the Mississippi river; esp., that part which is north of the Indian Territory, New Mexico, etc. Usually with the definite article. West by north, West by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- West northwest, West southwest, that point which lies 22Illust. of Compass.\n\nLying toward the west; situated at the west, or in a western direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the west, or coming from the west; as, a west course is one toward the west; an east and west line; a west wind blows from the west. This shall be your west border. Num. xxxiv. 6. West end, the fashionable part of London, commencing from the east, at Charing Cross.\n\nWestward.\n\n1. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. [Obs.] \"The hot sun gan to west.\" Chaucer. 2. To turn or move toward the west; to veer from the north or south toward the west.", "westward": "Toward the west; as, to ride or sail westward. Westward the course of empire takes its way. Berkeley.\n\nLying toward the west. Yond same star that's westward from the pole. Shak.\n\nThe western region or countries; the west.", "westwards": "Toward the west; as, to ride or sail westward. Westward the course of empire takes its way. Berkeley.", "wet": "1. Containing, or consisting of, water or other liquid; moist; soaked with a liquid; having water or other liquid upon the surface; as, wet land; a wet cloth; a wet table. \"Wet cheeks.\" Shak. 2. Very damp; rainy; as, wet weather; a wet season. \"Wet October's torrent flood.\" Milton. 3. (Chem.) Employing, or done by means of, water or some other liquid; as, the wet extraction of copper, in distinction from dry extraction in which dry heat or fusion is employed. 4. Refreshed with liquor; drunk. [Slang] Prior. Wet blanket, Wet dock, etc. See under Blanket, Dock, etc. -- Wet goods, intoxicating liquors. [Slang] Syn. -- Nasty; humid; damp; moist. See Nasty.\n\n1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in considerable degree. Have here a cloth and wipe away the wet. Chaucer. Now the sun, with more effectual beams, Had cheered the face of earth, and dried the wet From drooping plant. Milton. 2. Rainy weather; foggy or misty weather. 3. A dram; a drink. [Slang]\n\nTo fill or moisten with water or other liquid; to sprinkle; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the surface; to dip or soak in a liquid; as, to wet a sponge; to wet the hands; to wet cloth. \"[The scene] did draw tears from me and wetted my paper.\" Burke. Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise . . . Whether to deck with clouds the uncolored sky, Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. Milton. To wet one's whistle, to moisten one's throat; to drink a dram of liquor. [Colloq.] Let us drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton.", @@ -85906,8 +76267,6 @@ "wetting": null, "wetware": null, "wetwares": null, - "weyden": null, - "wezen": null, "whack": "To strike; to beat; to give a heavy or resounding blow to; to thrash; to make with whacks. [Colloq.] Rodsmen were whackingtheir way through willow brakes. G. W. Cable.\n\nTo strike anything with a smart blow. To whack away, to continue striking heavy blows; as, to whack away at a log. [Colloq.]\n\nA smart resounding blow. [Colloq.]", "whacked": null, "whacker": "1. One who whacks. [Colloq.] 2. Anything very large; specif., a great lie; a whapper. [Colloq.] Halliwell.", @@ -85931,7 +76290,6 @@ "whammy": null, "whams": null, "wharf": "1. A structure or platform of timber, masonry, iron, earth, or other material, built on the shore of a harbor, river, canal, or the like, and usually extending from the shore to deep water, so that vessels may lie close alongside to receive and discharge cargo, passengers, etc.; a quay; a pier. Commerce pushes its wharves into the sea. Bancroft. Out upon the wharfs they came, Knight and burgher, lord and dame. Tennyson. Note: The plural of this word is generally written wharves in the United States, and wharfs in England; but many recent English writers use wharves. 2. Etym: [AS. hwearf.] The bank of a river, or the shore of the sea. [Obs.] \"The fat weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf.\" Shak. Wharf boat, a kind of boat moored at the bank of a river, and used for a wharf, in places where the height of the water is so variable that a fixed wharf would be useless. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wharf rat. (Zoöl.) (a) The common brown rat. (b) A neglected boy who lives around the wharfs. [Slang]\n\n1. To guard or secure by a firm wall of timber or stone constructed like a wharf; to furnish with a wharf or wharfs. 2. To place upon a wharf; to bring to a wharf.", - "wharton": null, "wharves": null, "what": "1. As an interrogative pronoun, used in asking questions regarding either persons or things; as, what is this what did you say what poem is this what child is lost What see'st thou in the ground Shak. What is man, that thou art mindful of him Ps. viii. 4. What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him! Matt. viii. 27. Note: Originally, what, when, where, which, who, why, etc., were interrogatives only, and it is often difficult to determine whether they are used as interrogatives or relatives. What in this sense, when it refers to things, may be used either substantively or adjectively; when it refers to persons, it is used only adjectively with a noun expressed, who being the pronoun used substantively. 2. As an exclamatory word: -- (a) Used absolutely or independently; - - often with a question following. \"What welcome be thou.\" Chaucer. What, could ye not watch with me one hour Matt. xxvi. 40. (b) Used adjectively, meaning how remarkable, or how great; as, what folly! what eloquence! what courage! What a piece of work is man! Shak. O what a riddle of absurdity! Young. Note: What in this use has a or an between itself and its noun if the qualitative or quantitative importance of the object is emphasized. (c) Sometimes prefixed to adjectives in an adverbial sense, as nearly equivalent to how; as, what happy boys! What partial judges are our and hate! Dryden. 3. As a relative pronoun: -- (a) Used substantively with the antecedent suppressed, equivalent to that which, or those [persons] who, or those [things] which; -- called a compound relative. With joy beyond what victory bestows. Cowper. I'm thinking Captain Lawton will count the noses of what are left before they see their whaleboats. Cooper. What followed was in perfect harmony with this beginning. Macaulay. I know well . . . how little you will be disposed to criticise what comes to you from me. J. H. Newman. (b) Used adjectively, equivalent to the . . . which; the sort or kind of . . . which; rarely, the . . . on, or at, which. See what natures accompany what colors. Bacon. To restrain what power either the devil or any earthly enemy hath to work us woe. Milton. We know what master laid thy keel, What workmen wrought thy ribs of steel. Longfellow. (c) Used adverbially in a sense corresponding to the adjectival use; as, he picked what good fruit he saw. 4. Whatever; whatsoever; what thing soever; -- used indefinitely. \"What after so befall.\" Chaucer. Whether it were the shortness of his foresight, the strength of his will, . . . or what it was. Bacon. 5. Used adverbially, in part; partly; somewhat; -- with a following preposition, especially, with, and commonly with repetition. What for lust [pleasure] and what for lore. Chaucer. Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the gallows, and what with poverty, I am custom shrunk. Shak. The year before he had so used the matter that what by force, what by policy, he had taken from the Christians above thirty small castles. Knolles. Note: In such phrases as I tell you what, what anticipates the following statement, being elliptical for what I think, what it is, how it is, etc. \"I tell thee what, corporal Bardolph, I could tear her.\" Shak. Here what relates to the last clause, \"I could tear her;\" this is what I tell you. What not is often used at the close of an enumeration of several particulars or articles, it being an abbreviated clause, the verb of which, being either the same as that of the principal clause or a general word, as be, say, mention, enumerate, etc., is omitted. \"Men hunt, hawk, and what not.\" Becon. \"Some dead puppy, or log, orwhat not.\" C. Kingsley. \"Battles, tournaments, hunts, and what not.\" De Quincey. Hence, the words are often used in a general sense with the force of a substantive, equivalent to anything you please, a miscellany, a variety, etc. From this arises the name whatnot, applied to an étagère, as being a piece of furniture intended for receiving miscellaneous articles of use or ornament. But what is used for but that, usually after a negative, and excludes everything contrary to the assertion in the following sentence. \"Her needle is not so absolutely perfect in tent and cross stitch but what my superintendence is advisable.\" Sir W. Scott. \"Never fear but what our kite shall fly as high.\" Ld. Lytton. What ho! an exclamation of calling. -- What if, what will it matter if; what will happen or be the result if. \"What if it be a poison\" Shak. -- What of this that it etc., what follows from this, that, it, etc., often with the implication that it is of no consequence. \"All this is so; but what of this, my lord\" Shak. \"The night is spent, why, what of that\" Shak. -- What though, even granting that; allowing that; supposing it true that. \"What though the rose have prickles, yet't is plucked.\" Shak. -- What time, or What time as, when. [Obs. or Archaic] \"What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee.\" Ps. lvi. 3. What time the morn mysterious visions brings. Pope.\n\nSomething; thing; stuff. [Obs.] And gave him for to feed, Such homely what as serves the simple Spenser.\n\nWhy For what purpose On what account [Obs.] What should I tell the answer of the knight. Chaucer. But what do I stand reckoning upon advantages and gains lost by the misrule and turbulency of the prelates What do I pick up so thriftily their scatterings and diminishings of the meaner subject Milton. WHATE'ER What*e'er\", pron. A contraction of what-ever; -- used in poetry. \"Whate'er is in his way.\" Shak.", "whatchamacallit": null, @@ -85949,9 +76307,7 @@ "wheat": "A cereal grass (Triticum vulgare) and its grain, which furnishes a white flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most largely used by the human race. Note: Of this grain the varieties are numerous, as red wheat, white wheat, bald wheat, bearded wheat, winter wheat, summer wheat, and the like. Wheat is not known to exist as a wild native plant, and all statements as to its origin are either incorrect or at best only guesses. Buck wheat. (Bot.) See Buckwheat. -- German wheat. (Bot.) See 2d Spelt. -- Guinea wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn. -- Indian wheat, or Tartary wheat (Bot.), a grain (Fagopyrum Tartaricum) much like buckwheat, but only half as large. -- Turkey wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn. -- Wheat aphid, or Wheat aphis (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Aphis and allied genera, which suck the sap of growing wheat. -- Wheat beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small, slender, rusty brown beetle (Sylvanus Surinamensis) whose larvæ feed upon wheat, rice, and other grains. (b) A very small, reddish brown, oval beetle (Anobium paniceum) whose larvæ eat the interior of grains of wheat. -- Wheat duck (Zoöl.), the American widgeon. [Western U. S.] -- Wheat fly. (Zoöl.) Same as Wheat midge, below. -- Wheat grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Agropyrum caninum) somewhat resembling wheat. It grows in the northern parts of Europe and America. -- Wheat jointworm. (Zoöl.) See Jointworm. -- Wheat louse (Zoöl.), any wheat aphid. -- Wheat maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of a wheat midge. -- Wheat midge. (Zoöl.) (a) A small two-winged fly (Diplosis tritici) which is very destructive to growing wheat, both in Europe and America. The female lays her eggs in the flowers of wheat, and the larvæ suck the juice of the young kernels and when full grown change to pupæ in the earth. (b) The Hessian fly. See under Hessian. -- Wheat moth (Zoöl.), any moth whose larvæ devour the grains of wheat, chiefly after it is harvested; a grain moth. See Angoumois Moth, also Grain moth, under Grain. -- Wheat thief (Bot.), gromwell; -- so called because it is a troublesome weed in wheat fields. See Gromwell. -- Wheat thrips (Zoöl.), a small brown thrips (Thrips cerealium) which is very injurious to the grains of growing wheat. -- Wheat weevil. (Zoöl.) (a) The grain weevil. (b) The rice weevil when found in wheat.", "wheaten": "Made of wheat; as, wheaten bread. Cowper.", "wheatgerm": null, - "wheaties": null, "wheatmeal": null, - "wheatstone": null, "whee": null, "wheedle": "1. To entice by soft words; to cajole; to flatter; to coax. The unlucky art of wheedling fools. Dryden. And wheedle a world that loves him not. Tennyson. 2. To grain, or get away, by flattery. A deed of settlement of the best part of her estate, which I wheedled out of her. Congreve.\n\nTo flatter; to coax; to cajole.", "wheedled": null, @@ -86037,8 +76393,6 @@ "whiffletree": "Same as Whippletree.", "whiffletrees": "Same as Whippletree.", "whiffs": "1. A sudden expulsion of air from the mouth; a quick puff or slight gust, as of air or smoke. But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father falls. Shak. The skipper, he blew a whiff from his pipe, And a scornful laugh laughed he. Longfellow. 2. A glimpse; a hasty view. [Prov. Eng.] 3. (Zoöl.) The marysole, or sail fluke.\n\n1. To throw out in whiffs; to consume in whiffs; to puff. 2. To carry or convey by a whiff, or as by a whiff; to puff or blow away. Old Empedocles, . . . who, when he leaped into Etna, having a dry, sear body, and light, the smoke took him, and whiffed him up into the moon. B. Jonson.\n\nTo emit whiffs, as of smoke; to puff.", - "whig": "Acidulated whey, sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs, used as a cooling beverage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. (Eng. Politics) One of a political party which grew up in England in the seventeenth century, in the reigns of Charles I. and II., when great contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims were called Tories, and the advocates of popular rights, of parliamentary power over the crown, and of toleration to Dissenters, were, after 1679, called Whigs. The terms Liberal and Radical have now generally superseded Whig in English politics. See the note under Tory. 2. (Amer. Hist.) (a) A friend and supporter of the American Revolution; -- opposed to Tory, and Royalist. (b) One of the political party in the United States from about 1829 to 1856, opposed in politics to the Democratic party.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Whigs.", - "whigs": "Acidulated whey, sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs, used as a cooling beverage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]\n\n1. (Eng. Politics) One of a political party which grew up in England in the seventeenth century, in the reigns of Charles I. and II., when great contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims were called Tories, and the advocates of popular rights, of parliamentary power over the crown, and of toleration to Dissenters, were, after 1679, called Whigs. The terms Liberal and Radical have now generally superseded Whig in English politics. See the note under Tory. 2. (Amer. Hist.) (a) A friend and supporter of the American Revolution; -- opposed to Tory, and Royalist. (b) One of the political party in the United States from about 1829 to 1856, opposed in politics to the Democratic party.\n\nOf or pertaining to the Whigs.", "while": "1. Space of time, or continued duration, esp. when short; a time; as, one while we thought him innocent. \"All this while.\" Shak. This mighty queen may no while endure. Chaucer. [Some guest that] hath outside his welcome while, And tells the jest without the smile. Coleridge. I will go forth and breathe the air a while. Longfellow. 2. That which requires time; labor; pains. [Obs.] Satan . . . cast him how he might quite her while. Chaucer. At whiles, at times; at intervals. And so on us at whiles it falls, to claim Powers that we dread. J. H. Newman. -- The while, The whiles, in or during the time that; meantime; while. Tennyson. -- Within a while, in a short time; soon. -- Worth while, worth the time which it requires; worth the time and pains; hence, worth the expense; as, it is not always worth while for a man to prosecute for small debts.\n\nTo cause to pass away pleasantly or without irksomeness or disgust; to spend or pass; -- usually followed by away. The lovely lady whiled the hours away. Longfellow.\n\nTo loiter. [R.] Spectator.\n\n1. During the time that; as long as; whilst; at the same time that; as, while I write, you sleep. \"While I have time and space.\" Chaucer. Use your memory; you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement, while you take care not to overload it. I. Watts. 2. Hence, under which circumstances; in which case; though; whereas. While as, While that, during or at the time that. [Obs.]\n\nUntil; till. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] I may be conveyed into your chamber; I'll lie under your bed while midnight. Beau. & Fl.", "whiled": null, "whiles": "1. Meanwhile; meantime. [R.] The good knight whiles humming to himself the lay of some majored troubadour. Sir. W. Scott. 2. sometimes; at times. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. The whiles. See under While, n.\n\nDuring the time that; while. [Archaic] Chaucer. Fuller. Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him. Matt. v. 25.", @@ -86089,7 +76443,6 @@ "whippets": null, "whipping": "a & n. from Whip, v. Whipping post, a post to which offenders are tied, to be legally whipped.", "whippings": "a & n. from Whip, v. Whipping post, a post to which offenders are tied, to be legally whipped.", - "whipple": null, "whippletree": "1. The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces, or tugs, of a harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, or other implement or vehicle, is drawn; a whiffletree; a swingletree; a singletree. See Singletree. [People] cut their own whippletree in the woodlot. Emerson. 2. (Bot.) The cornel tree. Chaucer.", "whippletrees": "1. The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces, or tugs, of a harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, or other implement or vehicle, is drawn; a whiffletree; a swingletree; a singletree. See Singletree. [People] cut their own whippletree in the woodlot. Emerson. 2. (Bot.) The cornel tree. Chaucer.", "whippoorwill": null, @@ -86140,7 +76493,6 @@ "whistles": "1. To make a kind of musical sound, or series of sounds, by forcing the breath through a small orifice formed by contracting the lips; also, to emit a similar sound, or series of notes, from the mouth or beak, as birds. The weary plowman leaves the task of day, And, trudging homeward, whistles on the way. Gay. 2. To make a shrill sound with a wind or steam instrument, somewhat like that made with the lips; to blow a sharp, shrill tone. 3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe; to make a sharp, shrill sound; as, a bullet whistles through the air. The wild winds whistle, and the billows roar. Pope.\n\n1. To form, utter, or modulate by whistling; as, to whistle a tune or an air. 2. To send, signal, or call by a whistle. He chanced to miss his dog; we stood still till he had whistled him up. Addison. To whistle off. (a) To dismiss by a whistle; -- a term in hawking. \"AS a long-winged hawk when he is first whistled off the fist, mounts aloft.\" Burton. (b) Hence, in general, to turn loose; to abandon; to dismiss. I 'ld whistle her off, and let her down the wind To prey at fortune. Shak. Note: \"A hawk seems to have been usually sent off in this way, against the wind when sent in search of prey; with or down the wind, when turned loose, and abandoned.\" Nares.\n\n1. A sharp, shrill, more or less musical sound, made by forcing the breath through a small orifice of the lips, or through or instrument which gives a similar sound; the sound used by a sportsman in calling his dogs; the shrill note of a bird; as, the sharp whistle of a boy, or of a boatswain's pipe; the blackbird's mellow whistle. Might we but hear The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes, . . . Or whistle from the lodge. Milton. The countryman could not forbear smiling, . . . and by that means lost his whistle. Spectator. They fear his whistle, and forsake the seas. Dryden. 2. The shrill sound made by wind passing among trees or through crevices, or that made by bullet, or the like, passing rapidly through the air; the shrill noise (much used as a signal, etc.) made by steam or gas escaping through a small orifice, or impinging against the edge of a metallic bell or cup. 3. An instrument in which gas or steam forced into a cavity, or against a thin edge, produces a sound more or less like that made by one who whistles through the compressed lips; as, a child's whistle; a boatswain's whistle; a steam whistle (see Steam whistle, under Steam). The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope. 4. The mouth and throat; -- so called as being the organs of whistling. [Colloq.] So was her jolly whistle well ywet. Chaucer. Let's drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton. Whistle duck (Zoöl.), the American golden-eye.", "whistling": "a. & n. from Whistle, v. Whistling buoy. (Naut.) See under Buoy. -- Whistling coot (Zoöl.), the American black scoter. -- Whistling Dick. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian shrike thrush (Colluricincla Selbii). (b) The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whistling duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The golden-eye. (b) A tree duck. -- Whistling eagle (Zoöl.), a small Australian eagle (Haliastur sphenurus); -- called also whistling hawk, and little swamp eagle. -- Whistling plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The golden plover. (b) The black- bellied, or gray, plover. -- Whistling snipe (Zoöl.), the American woodcock. -- Whistling swan. (Zoöl.) (a) The European whooper swan; -- called also wild swan, and elk. (b) An American swan (Olor columbianus). See under Swan. -- Whistling teal (Zoöl.), a tree duck, as Dendrocygna awsuree of India. -- Whistling thrush. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of singing birds of the genus Myiophonus, native of Asia, Australia, and the East Indies. They are generally black, glossed with blue, and have a patch of bright blue on each shoulder. Their note is a loud and clear whistle. (b) The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]", "whit": "The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative sentence. \"Samuel told him every whit.\" 1 Sam. iii. 18. \"Every whit as great.\" South. So shall I no whit be behind in duty. Shak. It does not me a whit displease. Cowley.", - "whitaker": null, "white": "1. Reflecting to the eye all the rays of the spectrum combined; not tinted with any of the proper colors or their mixtures; having the color of pure snow; snowy; -- the opposite of Ant: black or dark; as, white paper; a white skin. \"Pearls white.\" Chaucer. White as the whitest lily on a stream. Longfellow. 2. Destitute of color, as in the cheeks, or of the tinge of blood color; pale; pallid; as, white with fear. Or whispering with white lips, \"The foe! They come! they come!\" Byron. 3. Having the color of purity; free from spot or blemish, or from guilt or pollution; innocent; pure. White as thy fame, and as thy honor clear. Dryden. No whiter page than Addison's remains. Pope. 4. Gray, as from age; having silvery hair; hoary. Your high engendered battles 'gainst a head So old and white as this. Shak. 5. Characterized by freedom from that which disturbs, and the like; fortunate; happy; favorable. On the whole, however, the dominie reckoned this as one of the white days of his life. Sir W. Scott. 6. Regarded with especial favor; favorite; darling. Come forth, my white spouse. Chaucer. I am his white boy, and will not be gullet. Ford. Note: White is used in many self-explaining compounds, as white- backed, white-bearded, white-footed. White alder. (Bot.) See Sweet pepper bush, under Pepper. -- White ant (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of social pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Termes. These insects are very abundant in tropical countries, and form large and complex communities consisting of numerous asexual workers of one or more kinds, of large-headed asexual individuals called soldiers, of one or more queens (or fertile females) often having the body enormously distended by the eggs, and, at certain seasons of numerous winged males, together with the larvæ and pupæ of each kind in various stages of development. Many of the species construct large and complicated nests, sometimes in the form of domelike structures rising several feet above the ground and connected with extensive subterranean galleries and chambers. In their social habits they closely resemble the true ants. They feed upon animal and vegetable substances of various kinds, including timber, and are often very destructive to buildings and furniture. -- White arsenic (Chem.), arsenious oxide, As2O3, a substance of a white color, and vitreous adamantine luster, having an astringent, sweetish taste. It is a deadly poison. -- White bass (Zoöl.), a fresh-water North American bass (Roccus chrysops) found in the Great Likes. -- White bear (Zoöl.), the polar bear. See under Polar. -- White blood cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte. -- White brand (Zoöl.), the snow goose. -- White brass, a white alloy of copper; white copper. -- White campion. (Bot.) (a) A kind of catchfly (Silene stellata) with white flowers. (b) A white-flowered Lychnis (Lychnis vespertina). -- White canon (R. C. Ch.), a Premonstratensian. -- White caps, the members of a secret organization in various of the United States, who attempt to drive away or reform obnoxious persons by lynch-law methods. They appear masked in white. -- White cedar (Bot.), an evergreen tree of North America (Thuja occidentalis), also the related Cupressus thyoides, or Chamæcyparis sphæroidea, a slender evergreen conifer which grows in the so-called cedar swamps of the Northern and Atlantic States. Both are much valued for their durable timber. In California the name is given to the Libocedrus decurrens, the timber of which is also useful, though often subject to dry rot. Goodale. The white cedar of Demerara, Guiana, etc., is a lofty tree (Icica, or Bursera, altissima) whose fragrant wood is used for canoes and cabinetwork, as it is not attacked by insect. -- White cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte. -- White cell-blood (Med.), leucocythæmia. -- White clover (Bot.), a species of small perennial clover bearing white flowers. It furnishes excellent food for cattle and horses, as well as for the honeybee. See also under Clover. -- White copper, a whitish alloy of copper. See German silver, under German. -- White copperas (Min.), a native hydrous sulphate of iron; coquimbite. -- White coral (Zoöl.), an ornamental branched coral (Amphihelia oculata) native of the Mediterranean. -- White corpuscle. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte. -- White cricket (Zoöl.), the tree cricket. -- White crop, a crop of grain which loses its green color, or becomes white, in ripening, as wheat, rye, barley, and oats, as distinguished from a green crop, or a root crop. -- White currant (Bot.), a variety of the common red currant, having white berries. -- White daisy (Bot.), the oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. -- White damp, a kind of poisonous gas encountered in coal mines. Raymond. -- White elephant (Zoöl.), a whitish, or albino, variety of the Asiatic elephant. -- White elm (Bot.), a majestic tree of North America (Ulmus Americana), the timber of which is much used for hubs of wheels, and for other purposes. -- White ensign. See Saint George's ensign, under Saint. -- White feather, a mark or symbol of cowardice. See To show the white feather, under Feather, n. -- White fir (Bot.), a name given to several coniferous trees of the Pacific States, as Abies grandis, and A. concolor. -- White flesher (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. See under Ruffed. [Canada] -- White frost. See Hoarfrost. -- White game (Zoöl.), the white ptarmigan. -- White garnet (Min.), leucite. -- White grass (Bot.), an American grass (Leersia Virginica) with greenish-white paleæ. -- White grouse. (Zoöl.) (a) The white ptarmigan. (b) The prairie chicken. [Local, U. S.] -- White grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the June bug and other allied species. These grubs eat the roots of grasses and other plants, and often do much damage. -- White hake (Zoöl.), the squirrel hake. See under Squirrel. -- White hawk, or kite (Zoöl.), the hen harrier. -- White heat, the temperature at which bodies become incandescent, and appear white from the bright light which they emit. -- White hellebore (Bot.), a plant of the genus Veratrum (V. album) See Hellebore, 2. -- White herring, a fresh, or unsmoked, herring, as distinguished from a red, or cured, herring. [R.] Shak. -- White hoolet (Zoöl.), the barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- White horses (Naut.), white-topped waves; whitecaps. -- The White House. See under House. -- White ibis (Zoöl.), an American ibis (Guara alba) having the plumage pure white, except the tips of the wings, which are black. It inhabits tropical America and the Southern United States. Called also Spanish curlew. -- White iron. (a) Thin sheets of iron coated with tin; tinned iron. (b) A hard, silvery-white cast iron containing a large proportion of combined carbon. -- White iron pyrites (Min.), marcasite. -- White land, a tough clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry, but blackish after rain. [Eng.] -- White lark (Zoöl.), the snow bunting. -- White lead. (a) A carbonate of lead much used in painting, and for other purposes; ceruse. (b) (Min.) Native lead carbonate; cerusite. -- White leather, buff leather; leather tanned with alum and salt. -- White leg (Med.), milk leg. See under Milk. -- White lettuce (Bot.), rattlesnake root. See under Rattlesnake. -- White lie. See under Lie. -- White light. (a) (Physics) Light having the different colors in the same proportion as in the light coming directly from the sun, without having been decomposed, as by passing through a prism. See the Note under Color, n., 1. (b) A kind of firework which gives a brilliant white illumination for signals, etc. -- White lime, a solution or preparation of lime for whitewashing; whitewash. -- White line (Print.), a void space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a blank line. -- White meat. (a) Any light-colored flesh, especially of poultry. (b) Food made from milk or eggs, as butter, cheese, etc. Driving their cattle continually with them, and feeding only upon their milk and white meats. Spenser. -- White merganser (Zoöl.), the smew. -- White metal. (a) Any one of several white alloys, as pewter, britannia, etc. (b) (Metal.) A fine grade of copper sulphide obtained at a certain stage in copper smelting. -- White miller. (Zoöl.) (a) The common clothes moth. (b) A common American bombycid moth (Spilosoma Virginica) which is pure white with a few small black spots; -- called also ermine moth, and virgin moth. See Woolly bear, under Woolly. -- White money, silver money. -- White mouse (Zoöl.), the albino variety of the common mouse. -- White mullet (Zoöl.), a silvery mullet (Mugil curema) ranging from the coast of the United States to Brazil; -- called also blue- back mullet, and liza. -- White nun (Zoöl.), the smew; -- so called from the white crest and the band of black feathers on the back of its head, which give the appearance of a hood. -- White oak. (Bot.) See under Oak. -- White owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The snowy owl. (b) The barn owl. -- White partridge (Zoöl.), the white ptarmigan. -- White perch. (Zoöl.) (a) A North American fresh-water bass (Morone Americana) valued as a food fish. (b) The croaker, or fresh- water drum. (c) Any California surf fish. -- White pine. (Bot.) See the Note under Pine. -- White poplar (Bot.), a European tree (Populus alba) often cultivated as a shade tree in America; abele. -- White poppy (Bot.), the opium-yielding poppy. See Poppy. -- White powder, a kind of gunpowder formerly believed to exist, and to have the power of exploding without noise. [Obs.] A pistol charged with white powder. Beau. & Fl. -- White precipitate. (Old Chem.) See under Precipitate. -- White rabbit. (Zoöl.) (a) The American northern hare in its winter pelage. (b) An albino rabbit. -- White rent, (a) (Eng. Law) Formerly, rent payable in silver; -- opposed to black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3. (b) A rent, or duty, of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner in Devon and Cornwall to the Duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil. [Prov. Eng.] -- White rhinoceros. (Zoöl.) (a) The one-horned, or Indian, rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Indicus). See Rhinoceros. (b) The umhofo. -- White ribbon, the distinctive badge of certain organizations for the promotion of temperance or of moral purity; as, the White-ribbon Army. -- White rope (Naut.), untarred hemp rope. -- White rot. (Bot.) (a) Either of several plants, as marsh pennywort and butterwort, which were thought to produce the disease called rot in sheep. (b) A disease of grapes. See White rot, under Rot. -- White sage (Bot.), a white, woolly undershrub (Eurotia lanata) of Western North America; -- called also winter fat. -- White salmon (Zoöl.), the silver salmon. -- White salt, salt dried and calcined; decrepitated salt. -- White scale (Zoöl.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus Nerii) injurious to the orange tree. See Orange scale, under Orange. -- White shark (Zoöl.), a species of man-eating shark. See under Shark. -- White softening. (Med.) See Softening of the brain, under Softening. -- White spruce. (Bot.) See Spruce, n., 1. -- White squall (Naut.), a sudden gust of wind, or furious blow, which comes up without being marked in its approach otherwise than by whitecaps, or white, broken water, on the surface of the sea. -- White staff, the badge of the lord high treasurer of England. Macaulay. -- White stork (Zoöl.), the common European stork. -- White sturgeon. (Zoöl.) See Shovelnose (d). -- White sucker. (Zoöl.) (a) The common sucker. (b) The common red horse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum). -- White swelling (Med.), a chronic swelling of the knee, produced by a strumous inflammation of the synovial membranes of the kneejoint and of the cancellar texture of the end of the bone forming the kneejoint; -- applied also to a lingering chronic swelling of almost any kind. -- White tombac. See Tombac. -- White trout (Zoöl.), the white weakfish, or silver squeteague (Cynoscion nothus), of the Southern United States. -- White vitriol (Chem.), hydrous sulphate of zinc. See White vitriol, under Vitriol. -- White wagtail (Zoöl.), the common, or pied, wagtail. -- White wax, beeswax rendered white by bleaching. -- White whale (Zoöl.), the beluga. -- White widgeon (Zoöl.), the smew. -- White wine. any wine of a clear, transparent color, bordering on white, as Madeira, sherry, Lisbon, etc.; -- distinguished from wines of a deep red color, as port and Burgundy. \"White wine of Lepe.\" Chaucer. -- White witch, a witch or wizard whose supernatural powers are supposed to be exercised for good and beneficent purposes. Addison. Cotton Mather. -- White wolf. (Zoöl.) (a) A light-colored wolf (Canis laniger) native of Thibet; -- called also chanco, golden wolf, and Thibetan wolf. (b) The albino variety of the gray wolf. -- White wren (Zoöl.), the willow warbler; -- so called from the color of the under parts.\n\n1. The color of pure snow; one of the natural colors of bodies, yet not strictly a color, but a composition of all colors; the opposite of black; whiteness. See the Note under Color, n., 1. Finely attired in a of white. Shak. 2. Something having the color of snow; something white, or nearly so; as, the white of the eye. 3. Specifically, the central part of the butt in archery, which was formerly painted white; the center of a mark at which a missile is shot. 'T was I won the wager, though you hit the white. Shak. 4. A person with a white skin; a member of the white, or Caucasian, races of men. 5. A white pigment; as, Venice white. 6. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to Pieris, and allied genera in which the color is usually white. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage. Black and white. See under Black. -- Flake white, Paris white, etc. See under Flack, Paris, etc. -- White of a seed (Bot.), the albumen. See Albumen, 2. -- White of egg, the viscous pellucid fluid which surrounds the yolk in an egg, particularly in the egg of a fowl. In a hen's egg it is alkaline, and contains about 86 per cent of water and 14 per cent of solid matter, the greater portion of which is egg albumin. It likewise contains a small amount of globulin, and traces of fats and sugar, with some inorganic matter. Heated above 60º C. it coagulates to a solid mass, owing to the albumin which it contains. Parr. -- White of the eye (Anat.), the white part of the ball of the eye surrounding the transparent cornea.\n\nTo make white; to whiten; to whitewash; to bleach. Whited sepulchers, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of . . . uncleanness. Matt. xxiii. 27. So as no fuller on earth can white them. Mark. ix. 3.", "whitebait": "(a) The young of several species of herrings, especially of the common herring, esteemed a great delicacy by epicures in England. (b) A small translucent fish (Salanx Chinensis) abundant at certain seasons on the coasts of China and Japan, and used in the same manner as the European whitebait.", "whiteboard": null, @@ -86148,14 +76500,10 @@ "whitecap": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) The European redstart; -- so called from its white forehead. (b) The whitethroat; -- so called from its gray head. (c) The European tree sparrow. 2. A wave whose crest breaks into white foam, as when the wind is freshening.", "whitecaps": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) The European redstart; -- so called from its white forehead. (b) The whitethroat; -- so called from its gray head. (c) The European tree sparrow. 2. A wave whose crest breaks into white foam, as when the wind is freshening.", "whited": null, - "whitefield": null, "whitefish": "(a) Any one of several species of Coregonus, a genus of excellent food fishes allied to the salmons. They inhabit the lakes of the colder parts of North America, Asia, and Europe. The largest and most important American species (C. clupeiformis) is abundant in the Great Lakes, and in other lakes farther north. Called also lake whitefish, and Oswego bass. (b) The menhaden. (c) The beluga, or white whale. Note: Various other fishes are locally called whitefish, as the silver salmon, the whiting (a), the yellowtail, and the young of the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).", "whitefishes": null, - "whitehall": null, "whitehead": "(a) The blue-winged snow goose. (b) The surf scoter.\n\nA form of self-propelling torpedo.", "whiteheads": "(a) The blue-winged snow goose. (b) The surf scoter.\n\nA form of self-propelling torpedo.", - "whitehorse": null, - "whiteley": null, "whitelist": null, "whitelisted": null, "whitelisting": null, @@ -86184,18 +76532,11 @@ "whitewater": null, "whitey": null, "whiteys": null, - "whitfield": null, "whither": "1. To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou \"Whider may I flee\" Chaucer. Sir Valentine, whither away so fast Shak. 2. To what or which place; -- used relatively. That no man should know . . . whither that he went. Chaucer. We came unto the land whither thou sentest us. Num. xiii. 27. 3. To what point, degree, end, conclusion, or design; whereunto; whereto; -- used in a sense not physical. Nor have I . . . whither to appeal. Milton. Any whither, to any place; anywhere. [Obs.] \"Any whither, in hope of life eternal.\" Jer. Taylor. -- No whither, to no place; nowhere. [Obs.] 2 Kings v. 25. Syn. -- Where. -- Whither, Where. Whither properly implies motion to place, and where rest in a place. Whither is now, however, to a great extent, obsolete, except in poetry, or in compositions of a grave and serious character and in language where precision is required. Where has taken its place, as in the question, \"Where are you going\"", "whiting": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European food fish (Melangus vulgaris) of the Codfish family; -- called also fittin. (b) A North American fish (Merlucius vulgaris) allied to the preceding; -- called also silver hake. (c) Any one of several species of North American marine sciænoid food fishes belonging to genus Menticirrhus, especially M. Americanus, found from Maryland to Brazil, and M. littoralis, common from Virginia to Texas; -- called also silver whiting, and surf whiting. Note: Various other fishes are locally called whiting, as the kingfish (a), the sailor's choice (b), the Pacific tomcod, and certain species of lake whitefishes. 2. Chalk prepared in an impalpable powder by pulverizing and repeated washing, used as a pigment, as an ingredient in putty, for cleaning silver, etc. Whiting pollack. (Zoöl.) Same as Pollack. -- Whiting pout (Zoöl.), the bib, 2.", "whitings": "1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European food fish (Melangus vulgaris) of the Codfish family; -- called also fittin. (b) A North American fish (Merlucius vulgaris) allied to the preceding; -- called also silver hake. (c) Any one of several species of North American marine sciænoid food fishes belonging to genus Menticirrhus, especially M. Americanus, found from Maryland to Brazil, and M. littoralis, common from Virginia to Texas; -- called also silver whiting, and surf whiting. Note: Various other fishes are locally called whiting, as the kingfish (a), the sailor's choice (b), the Pacific tomcod, and certain species of lake whitefishes. 2. Chalk prepared in an impalpable powder by pulverizing and repeated washing, used as a pigment, as an ingredient in putty, for cleaning silver, etc. Whiting pollack. (Zoöl.) Same as Pollack. -- Whiting pout (Zoöl.), the bib, 2.", "whitish": "1. Somewhat white; approaching white; white in a moderate degree. 2. (Bot.) Covered with an opaque white powder.", - "whitley": null, - "whitman": null, - "whitney": null, "whits": "The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative sentence. \"Samuel told him every whit.\" 1 Sam. iii. 18. \"Every whit as great.\" South. So shall I no whit be behind in duty. Shak. It does not me a whit displease. Cowley.", - "whitsunday": "1. (Eccl.) The seventh Sunday, and the fiftieth day, after Easter; a festival of the church in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost; Pentecost; -- so called, it is said, because, in the primitive church, those who had been newly baptized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost in white garments. 2. (Scots Law) See the Note under Term, n., 12.", - "whitsundays": "1. (Eccl.) The seventh Sunday, and the fiftieth day, after Easter; a festival of the church in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost; Pentecost; -- so called, it is said, because, in the primitive church, those who had been newly baptized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost in white garments. 2. (Scots Law) See the Note under Term, n., 12.", - "whittier": null, "whittle": "(a) A grayish, coarse double blanket worn by countrywomen, in the west of England, over the shoulders, like a cloak or shawl. C. Kingsley. (b) Same as Whittle shawl, below. Whittle shawl, a kind of fine woolen shawl, originally and especially a white one.\n\nA knife; esp., a pocket, sheath, or clasp knife. \"A butcher's whittle.\" Dryden. \"Rude whittles.\" Macaulay. He wore a Sheffield whittle in his hose. Betterton.\n\n1. To pare or cut off the surface of with a small knife; to cut or shape, as a piece of wood held in the hand, with a clasp knife or pocketknife. 2. To edge; to sharpen; to render eager or excited; esp., to excite with liquor; to inebriate. [Obs.] \"In vino veritas.\" When men are well whittled, their tongues run at random. Withals.\n\nTo cut or shape a piece of wood with am small knife; to cut up a piece of wood with a knife. Dexterity with a pocketknife is a part of a Nantucket education; but I am inclined to think the propensity is national. Americans must and will whittle. Willis.", "whittled": null, "whittler": null, @@ -86275,9 +76616,6 @@ "whups": null, "why": "1. For what cause, reason, or purpose; on what account; wherefore; -- used interrogatively. See the Note under What, pron., 1. Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel Ezek. xxxiii. 11. 2. For which; on account of which; -- used relatively. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton. Turn the discourse; I have a reason why I would not have you speak so tenderly. Dryden. 3. The reason or cause for which; that on account of which; on what account; as, I know not why he left town so suddenly; -- used as a compound relative. Note: Why is sometimes used as an interjection or an expletive in expression of surprise or content at a turn of affairs; used also in calling. \"Why, Jessica!\" Shak. If her chill heart I can not move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love. Cowley. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun. The how and the why and the where. Goldsmith. For why, because; why. See Forwhy. [Obs. or Colloq.]\n\nA young heifer. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.", "whys": "1. For what cause, reason, or purpose; on what account; wherefore; -- used interrogatively. See the Note under What, pron., 1. Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel Ezek. xxxiii. 11. 2. For which; on account of which; -- used relatively. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton. Turn the discourse; I have a reason why I would not have you speak so tenderly. Dryden. 3. The reason or cause for which; that on account of which; on what account; as, I know not why he left town so suddenly; -- used as a compound relative. Note: Why is sometimes used as an interjection or an expletive in expression of surprise or content at a turn of affairs; used also in calling. \"Why, Jessica!\" Shak. If her chill heart I can not move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love. Cowley. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun. The how and the why and the where. Goldsmith. For why, because; why. See Forwhy. [Obs. or Colloq.]\n\nA young heifer. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.", - "wi": null, - "wicca": null, - "wichita": null, "wick": "1. A street; a village; a castle; a dwelling; a place of work, or exercise of authority; -- now obsolete except in composition; as, bailiwick, Warwick, Greenwick. Stow. 2. (Curling) A narrow port or passage in the rink or course, flanked by the stones of previous players.\n\nA bundle of fibers, or a loosely twisted or braided cord, tape, or tube, usually made of soft spun cotton threads, which by capillary attraction draws up a steady supply of the oil in lamps, the melted tallow or wax in candles, or other material used for illumination, in small successive portions, to be burned. But true it is, that when the oil is spent The light goes out, and wick is thrown away. Spenser.\n\nTo strike a stone in an oblique direction. Jamieson.", "wicked": "Having a wick; -- used chiefly in composition; as, a two-wicked lamp.\n\n1. Evil in principle or practice; deviating from morality; contrary to the moral or divine law; addicted to vice or sin; sinful; immoral; profligate; -- said of persons and things; as, a wicked king; a wicked woman; a wicked deed; wicked designs. Hence, then, and evil go with thee along, Thy offspring, to the place of evil, hell, Thou and thy wicked crew! Milton. Never, never, wicked man was wise. Pope. 2. Cursed; baneful; hurtful; bad; pernicious; dangerous. [Obs.] \"Wicked dew.\" Shak. This were a wicked way, but whoso had a guide. P. Plowman. 3. Ludicrously or sportively mischievous; disposed to mischief; roguish. [Colloq.] Pen looked uncommonly wicked. Thackeray. Syn. -- Iniquitous; sinful; criminal; guilty; immoral; unjust; unrighteous; unholy; irreligious; ungodly; profane; vicious; pernicious; atrocious; nefarious; heinous; flagrant; flagitious; abandoned. See Iniquitous.", "wickeder": null, @@ -86322,22 +76660,17 @@ "wielders": "One who wields or employs; a manager; a controller. A wielder of the great arm of the war. Milton.", "wielding": "Power; authority; rule. [Obs.] To have them in your might and in your wielding. Chaucer.", "wields": "1. To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [Obs.] When a strong armed man keepeth his house, all things that he wieldeth ben in peace. Wyclif (Luke xi. 21). Wile [ne will] ye wield gold neither silver ne money in your girdles. Wyclif (Matt. x. 9.) 2. To direct or regulate by influence or authority; to manage; to control; to sway. The famous orators . . . whose resistless eloquence Wielded at will that fierce democraty. Milton. Her newborn power was wielded from the first by unprincipled and ambitions men. De Quincey. 3. To use with full command or power, as a thing not too heavy for the holder; to manage; to handle; hence, to use or employ; as, to wield a sword; to wield the scepter. Base Hungarian wight! wilt thou the spigot wield! Shak. Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed. Milton. Nothing but the influence of a civilized power could induce a savage to wield a spade. S. S. Smith. To wield the scepter, to govern with supreme command.", - "wiemar": null, "wiener": null, "wieners": null, "wienie": null, "wienies": null, - "wiesel": null, - "wiesenthal": null, "wife": "1. A woman; an adult female; -- now used in literature only in certain compounds and phrases, as alewife, fishwife, goodwife, and the like. \" Both men and wives.\" Piers Plowman. On the green he saw sitting a wife. Chaucer. 2. The lawful consort of a man; a woman who is united to a man in wedlock; a woman who has a husband; a married woman; -- correlative of husband. \" The husband of one wife.\" 1 Tin. iii. 2. Let every one you . . . so love his wife even as himself, and the wife see that she reverence her husband. Eph. v. 33. To give to wife, To take to wife, to give or take (a woman) in marriage. -- Wife's equity (Law), the equitable right or claim of a married woman to a reasonable and adequate provision, by way of settlement or otherwise, out of her choses in action, or out of any property of hers which is under the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery, for the support of herself and her children. Burrill.", "wifeless": "Without a wife; unmarried. Chaucer.", "wifely": "Becoming or life; of or pertaining to a wife. \"Wifely patience.\" Chaucer. With all the tenderness of wifely love. Dryden.", - "wifi": null, "wig": "1. A covering for the head, consisting of hair interwoven or united by a kind of network, either in imitation of the natural growth, or in abundant and flowing curls, worn to supply a deficiency of natural hair, or for ornament, or according to traditional usage, as a part of an official or professional dress, the latter especially in England by judges and barristers. 2. An old seal; -- so called by fishermen. Wig tree. (Bot.) See Smoke tree, under Smoke.\n\nTo censure or rebuke; to hold up to reprobation; to scold. [Slang]\n\nA kind of raised seedcake. \"Wiggs and ale.\" Pepys.", "wigeon": "A widgeon. [R.]", "wigged": ", a. Having the head covered with a wig; wearing a wig.", "wigging": null, - "wiggins": null, "wiggle": "To move to and fro with a quick, jerking motion; to bend rapidly, or with a wavering motion, from side to side; to wag; to squirm; to wriggle; as, the dog wiggles his tail; the tadpole wiggles in the water. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]\n\nAct of wiggling; a wriggle. [Colloq.]", "wiggled": null, "wiggler": "The young, either larva or pupa, of the mosquito; -- called also wiggletail.", @@ -86351,7 +76684,6 @@ "wights": "Weight. [Obs.]\n\n1. A whit; a bit; a jot. [Obs.] She was fallen asleep a little wight. Chaucer. 2. A supernatural being. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A human being; a person, either male or female; -- now used chiefly in irony or burlesque, or in humorous language. \"Worst of all wightes.\" Chaucer. Every wight that hath discretion. Chaucer. Oh, say me true if thou wert mortal wight. Milton.\n\nSwift; nimble; agile; strong and active. [Obs. or Poetic] 'T is full wight, God wot, as is a roe. Chaucer. He was so wimble and so wight. Spenser. They were Night and Day, and Day and Night, Pilgrims wight with steps forthright. Emerson.", "wiglet": null, "wiglets": null, - "wigner": null, "wigs": "1. A covering for the head, consisting of hair interwoven or united by a kind of network, either in imitation of the natural growth, or in abundant and flowing curls, worn to supply a deficiency of natural hair, or for ornament, or according to traditional usage, as a part of an official or professional dress, the latter especially in England by judges and barristers. 2. An old seal; -- so called by fishermen. Wig tree. (Bot.) See Smoke tree, under Smoke.\n\nTo censure or rebuke; to hold up to reprobation; to scold. [Slang]\n\nA kind of raised seedcake. \"Wiggs and ale.\" Pepys.", "wigwag": "To signal by means of a flag waved from side to side according to a code adopted for the purpose. [Colloq.]", "wigwagged": null, @@ -86359,18 +76691,9 @@ "wigwags": "To signal by means of a flag waved from side to side according to a code adopted for the purpose. [Colloq.]", "wigwam": "An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.] Very spacious was the wigwam, Made of deerskin dressed and whitened, With the gods of the Dacotahs Drawn and painted on its curtains. Longfellow. Note: \"The wigwam, or Indian house, of a circular or oval shape, was made of bark or mats laid over a framework of branches of trees stuck in the ground in such a manner as to converge at the top, where was a central aperture for the escape of smoke from the fire beneath. The better sort had also a lining of mats. For entrance and egress, two low openings were left on opposite sides, one or the other of which was closed with bark or mats, according to the direction of the wind.\" Palfrey.", "wigwams": "An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.] Very spacious was the wigwam, Made of deerskin dressed and whitened, With the gods of the Dacotahs Drawn and painted on its curtains. Longfellow. Note: \"The wigwam, or Indian house, of a circular or oval shape, was made of bark or mats laid over a framework of branches of trees stuck in the ground in such a manner as to converge at the top, where was a central aperture for the escape of smoke from the fire beneath. The better sort had also a lining of mats. For entrance and egress, two low openings were left on opposite sides, one or the other of which was closed with bark or mats, according to the direction of the wind.\" Palfrey.", - "wii": null, "wiki": null, - "wikileaks": null, - "wikipedia": null, "wikis": null, - "wilberforce": null, - "wilbert": null, - "wilbur": null, - "wilburn": null, - "wilcox": null, "wild": "1. Living in a state of nature; inhabiting natural haunts, as the forest or open field; not familiar with, or not easily approached by, man; not tamed or domesticated; as, a wild boar; a wild ox; a wild cat. Winter's not gone yet, if the wild geese fly that way. Shak. 2. Growing or produced without culture; growing or prepared without the aid and care of man; native; not cultivated; brought forth by unassisted nature or by animals not domesticated; as, wild parsnip, wild camomile, wild strawberry, wild honey. The woods and desert caves, With wild thyme and gadding vine o'ergrown. Milton. 3. Desert; not inhabited or cultivated; as, wild land. \"To trace the forests wild.\" Shak. 4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture; ferocious; rude; as, wild natives of Africa or America. 5. Not submitted to restraint, training, or regulation; turbulent; tempestuous; violent; ungoverned; licentious; inordinate; disorderly; irregular; fanciful; imaginary; visionary; crazy. \"Valor grown wild by pride.\" Prior. \"A wild, speculative project.\" Swift. What are these So withered and so wild in their attire Shak. With mountains, as with weapons, armed; which makes Wild work in heaven. Milton. The wild winds howl. Addison. Search then the ruling passion, there, alone The wild are constant, and the cunning known. Pope. 6. Exposed to the wind and sea; unsheltered; as, a wild roadstead. 7. Indicating strong emotion, intense excitement, or as, a wild look. 8. (Naut.) Hard to steer; -- said of a vessel. Note: Many plants are named by prefixing wild to the names of other better known or cultivated plants to which they a bear a real or fancied resemblance; as, wild allspice, wild pink, etc. See the Phrases below. To run wild, to go unrestrained or untamed; to live or untamed; to live or grow without culture or training. -- To sow one's wild oats. See under Oat. Wild allspice. (Bot.), spicewood. -- Wild balsam apple (Bot.), an American climbing cucurbitaceous plant (Echinocystis lobata). -- Wild basil (Bot.), a fragrant labiate herb (Calamintha Clinopodium) common in Europe and America. -- Wild bean (Bot.), a name of several leguminous plants, mostly species of Phaseolus and Apios. -- Wild bee (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of undomesticated social bees, especially the domestic bee when it has escaped from domestication and built its nest in a hollow tree or among rocks. -- Wild bergamot. (Bot.) See under Bergamot. -- Wild boar (Zoöl.), the European wild hog (Sus scrofa), from which the common domesticated swine is descended. -- Wild brier (Bot.), any uncultivated species of brier. See Brier. -- Wild bugloss (Bot.), an annual rough-leaved plant (Lycopsis arvensis) with small blue flowers. -- Wild camomile (Bot.), one or more plants of the composite genus Matricaria, much resembling camomile. -- Wild cat. (Zoöl.) (a) A European carnivore (Felis catus) somewhat resembling the domestic cat, but larger stronger, and having a short tail. It is destructive to the smaller domestic animals, such as lambs, kids, poultry, and the like. (b) The common American lynx, or bay lynx. (c) (Naut.) A wheel which can be adjusted so as to revolve either with, or on, the shaft of a capstan. Luce. -- Wild celery. (Bot.) See Tape grass, under Tape. -- Wild cherry. (Bot.) (a) Any uncultivated tree which bears cherries. The wild red cherry is Prunus Pennsylvanica. The wild black cherry is P. serotina, the wood of which is much used for cabinetwork, being of a light red color and a compact texture. (b) The fruit of various species of Prunus. -- Wild cinnamon. See the Note under Canella. -- Wild comfrey (Bot.), an American plant (Cynoglossum Virginicum) of the Borage family. It has large bristly leaves and small blue flowers. -- Wild cumin (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous plant (Lagoecia cuminoides) native in the countries about the Mediterranean. -- Wild drake (Zoöl.) the mallard. -- Wild elder (Bot.), an American plant (Aralia hispida) of the Ginseng family. -- Wild fowl (Zoöl.) any wild bird, especially any of those considered as game birds. -- Wild goose (Zoöl.), any one of several species of undomesticated geese, especially the Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), the European bean goose, and the graylag. See Graylag, and Bean goose, under Bean. -- Wild goose chase, the pursuit of something unattainable, or of something as unlikely to be caught as the wild goose. Shak. -- Wild honey, honey made by wild bees, and deposited in trees, rocks, the like. -- Wild hyacinth. (Bot.) See Hyacinth, 1 (b). Wild Irishman (Bot.), a thorny bush (Discaria Toumatou) of the Buckthorn family, found in New Zealand, where the natives use the spines in tattooing. -- Wild land. (a) Land not cultivated, or in a state that renders it unfit for cultivation. (b) Land which is not settled and cultivated. -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) See under Licorice. -- Wild mammee (Bot.), the oblong, yellowish, acid fruit of a tropical American tree (Rheedia lateriflora); -- so called in the West Indies. -- Wild marjoram (Bot.), a labiate plant (Origanum vulgare) much like the sweet marjoram, but less aromatic. -- Wild oat. (Bot.) (a) A tall, oatlike kind of soft grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum). (b) See Wild oats, under Oat. -- Wild pieplant (Bot.), a species of dock (Rumex hymenosepalus) found from Texas to California. Its acid, juicy stems are used as a substitute for the garden rhubarb. -- Wild pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) The rock dove. (b) The passenger pigeon. -- Wild pink (Bot.), an American plant (Silene Pennsylvanica) with pale, pinkish flowers; a kind of catchfly. -- Wild plantain (Bot.), an arborescent endogenous herb (Heliconia Bihai), much resembling the banana. Its leaves and leaf sheaths are much used in the West Indies as coverings for packages of merchandise. -- Wild plum. (Bot.) (a) Any kind of plum growing without cultivation. (b) The South African prune. See under Prune. -- Wild rice. (Bot.) See Indian rice, under Rice. -- Wild rosemary (Bot.), the evergreen shrub Andromeda polifolia. See Marsh rosemary, under Rosemary. -- Wild sage. (Bot.) See Sagebrush. -- Wild sarsaparilla (Bot.), a species of ginseng (Aralia nudicaulis) bearing a single long-stalked leaf. -- Wild sensitive plant (Bot.), either one of two annual leguminous herbs (Cassia Chamæcrista, and C. nictitans), in both of which the leaflets close quickly when the plant is disturbed. -- Wild service.(Bot.) See Sorb. -- Wild Spaniard (Bot.), any one of several umbelliferous plants of the genus Aciphylla, natives of New Zealand. The leaves bear numerous bayonetlike spines, and the plants form an impenetrable thicket. -- Wild turkey. (Zoöl.) See 2d Turkey.\n\nAn uninhabited and uncultivated tract or region; a forest or desert; a wilderness; a waste; as, the wilds of America; the wilds of Africa. then Libya first, of all her moisture drained, Became a barren waste, a wild of sand. Addison.\n\nWildly; as, to talk wild. Shak.", - "wilda": null, "wildcard": null, "wildcards": null, "wildcat": null, @@ -86379,7 +76702,6 @@ "wildcatter": null, "wildcatters": null, "wildcatting": null, - "wilde": null, "wildebeest": "The gnu.", "wildebeests": "The gnu.", "wilder": "To bewilder; to perplex. Long lost and wildered in the maze of fate. Pope. Again the wildered fancy dreams Of spouting fountains, frozen as they rose. Bryant.", @@ -86398,40 +76720,19 @@ "wile": "A trick or stratagem practiced for insnaring or deception; a sly, insidious; artifice; a beguilement; an allurement. Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. Eph. vi. 11. Not more almighty to resist our might, Than wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles. Milton.\n\n1. To practice artifice upon; to deceive; to beguile; to allure. [R.] Spenser. 2. To draw or turn away, as by diversion; to while or while away; to cause to pass pleasantly. Tennyson.", "wiled": null, "wiles": "A trick or stratagem practiced for insnaring or deception; a sly, insidious; artifice; a beguilement; an allurement. Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. Eph. vi. 11. Not more almighty to resist our might, Than wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles. Milton.\n\n1. To practice artifice upon; to deceive; to beguile; to allure. [R.] Spenser. 2. To draw or turn away, as by diversion; to while or while away; to cause to pass pleasantly. Tennyson.", - "wiley": null, - "wilford": null, - "wilfred": null, - "wilfredo": null, - "wilhelm": null, - "wilhelmina": null, "wilier": null, "wiliest": null, "wiliness": "The quality or state of being wily; craftiness; cunning; guile.", "wiling": null, - "wilkerson": null, - "wilkes": null, - "wilkins": null, - "wilkinson": null, "will": "1. The power of choosing; the faculty or endowment of the soul by which it is capable of choosing; the faculty or power of the mind by which we decide to do or not to do; the power or faculty of preferring or selecting one of two or more objects. It is necessary to form a distinct notion of what is meant by the word \"volition\" in order to understand the import of the word will, for this last word expresses the power of mind of which \"volition\" is the act. Stewart. Will is an ambiguous word, being sometimes put for the faculty of willing; sometimes for the act of that faculty, besides [having] other meanings. But \"volition\" always signifies the act of willing, and nothing else. Reid. Appetite is the will's solicitor, and the will is appetite's controller; what we covet according to the one, by the other we often reject. Hooker. The will is plainly that by which the mind chooses anything. J. Edwards. 2. The choice which is made; a determination or preference which results from the act or exercise of the power of choice; a volition. The word \"will,\" however, is not always used in this its proper acceptation, but is frequently substituted for \"volition\", as when I say that my hand mover in obedience to my will. Stewart. 3. The choice or determination of one who has authority; a decree; a command; discretionary pleasure. Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 10. Our prayers should be according to the will of God. Law. 4. Strong wish or inclination; desire; purpose. Note: \"Inclination is another word with which will is frequently confounded. Thus, when the apothecary says, in Romeo and Juliet, -- My poverty, but not my will, consents; . . . Put this in any liquid thing you will, And drink it off. the word will is plainly used as, synonymous with inclination; not in the strict logical sense, as the immediate antecedent of action. It is with the same latitude that the word is used in common conversation, when we speak of doing a thing which duty prescribes, against one's own will; or when we speak of doing a thing willingly or unwillingly.\" Stewart. 5. That which is strongly wished or desired. What's your will, good friar Shak. The mariner hath his will. Coleridge. 6. Arbitrary disposal; power to control, dispose, or determine. Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies. Ps. xxvii. 12. 7 7 (Law) The legal declaration of a person's mind as to the manner in which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his death; the written instrument, legally executed, by which a man makes disposition of his estate, to take effect after his death; testament; devise. See the Note under Testament, 1. Note: Wills are written or nuncupative, that is, oral. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative. At will (Law), at pleasure. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the possession at his pleasure, and be liable to be ousted at any time by the lessor or proprietor. An estate at will is at the will of both parties. -- Good will. See under Good. -- Ill will, enmity; unfriendliness; malevolence. -- To have one's will, to obtain what is desired; to do what one pleases. -- Will worship, worship according to the dictates of the will or fancy; formal worship. [Obs.] -- Will worshiper, one who offers will worship. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- With a will, with willingness and zeal; with all one's heart or strength; earnestly; heartily.\n\n1. To wish; to desire; to incline to have. A wife as of herself no thing ne sholde [should] Wille in effect, but as her husband wolde [would]. Chaucer. Caleb said unto her, What will thou Judg. i. 14. They would none of my counsel. Prov. i. 30. 2. As an auxiliary, will is used to denote futurity dependent on the verb. Thus, in first person, \"I will\" denotes willingness, consent, promise; and when \"will\" is emphasized, it denotes determination or fixed purpose; as, I will go if you wish; I will go at all hazards. In the second and third persons, the idea of distinct volition, wish, or purpose is evanescent, and simple certainty is appropriately expressed; as, \"You will go,\" or \"He will go,\" describes a future event as a fact only. To emphasize will denotes (according to the tone or context) certain futurity or fixed determination. Note: Will, auxiliary, may be used elliptically for will go. \"I'll to her lodgings.\" Marlowe. Note: As in shall (which see), the second and third persons may be virtually converted into the first, either by question or indirect statement, so as to receive the meaning which belongs to will in that person; thus, \"Will you go\" (answer, \"I will go\") asks assent, requests, etc.; while \"Will he go\" simply inquires concerning futurity; thus, also,\"He says or thinks he will go,\" \"You say or think you will go,\" both signify willingness or consent. Note: Would, as the preterit of will, is chiefly employed in conditional, subjunctive, or optative senses; as, he would go if he could; he could go if he would; he said that he would go; I would fain go, but can not; I would that I were young again; and other like phrases. In the last use, the first personal pronoun is often omitted; as, would that he were here; would to Heaven that it were so; and, omitting the to in such an adjuration. \"Would God I had died for thee.\" Would is used for both present and future time, in conditional propositions, and would have for past time; as, he would go now if he were ready; if it should rain, he would not go; he would have gone, had he been able. Would not, as also will not, signifies refusal. \"He was angry, and would not go in.\" Luke xv. 28. Would is never a past participle. Note: In Ireland, Scotland, and the United States, especially in the southern and western portions of the United States, shall and will, should and would, are often misused, as in the following examples: -- I am able to devote as much time and attention to other subjects as I will [shall] be under the necessity of doing next winter. Chalmers. A countryman, telling us what he had seen, remarked that if the conflagration went on, as it was doing, we would [should] have, as our next season's employment, the Old Town of Edinburgh to rebuild. H. Miller. I feel assured that I will [shall] not have the misfortune to find conflicting views held by one so enlightened as your excellency. J. Y. Mason.\n\nTo be willing; to be inclined or disposed; to be pleased; to wish; to desire. And behold, there came a leper and worshiped him, saying, Lord if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. Matt. viii. 2, 3. Note: This word has been confused with will, v. i., to choose, which, unlike this, is of the weak conjugation. Will I, nill I, or Will ye, hill ye, or Will he, nill he, whether I, you, or he will it or not; hence, without choice; compulsorily; -- sometimes corrupted into willy nilly. \"If I must take service willy nilly.\" J. H. Newman. \"Land for all who would till it, and reading and writing will ye, nill ye.\" Lowell.\n\n1. To form a distinct volition of; to determine by an act of choice; to ordain; to decree. \"What she will to do or say.\" Milton. By all law and reason, that which the Parliament will not, is no more established in this kingdom. Milton. Two things he [God] willeth, that we should be good, and that we should be happy. Barrow. 2. To enjoin or command, as that which is determined by an act of volition; to direct; to order. [Obs. or R.] They willed me say so, madam. Shak. Send for music, And will the cooks to use their best of cunning To please the palate. Beau. & Fl. As you go, will the lord mayor . . . To attend our further pleasure presently. J. Webster. 3. To give or direct the disposal of by testament; to bequeath; to devise; as, to will one's estate to a child; also, to order or direct by testament; as, he willed that his nephew should have his watch.\n\nTo exercise an act of volition; to choose; to decide; to determine; to decree. At Winchester he lies, so himself willed. Robert of Brunne. He that shall turn his thoughts inward upon what passes in his own mind when he wills. Locke. I contend for liberty as it signifies a power in man to do as he wills or pleases. Collins.", - "willa": null, - "willamette": null, - "willard": null, "willed": null, - "willemstad": null, "willful": "1. Of set purpose; self-determined; voluntary; as, willful murder. Foxe. In willful poverty chose to lead his life. Chaucer. Thou to me Art all things under heaven, all places thou, Who, for my willful crime, art banished hence. Milton. 2. Governed by the will without yielding to reason; obstinate; perverse; inflexible; stubborn; refractory; as, a willful man or horse. -- Will\"ful*ly, adv. -- Will\"ful*ness, n.", "willfully": null, "willfulness": null, - "william": null, - "williams": null, - "williamsburg": null, - "williamson": null, - "williamsport": null, - "willie": null, "willies": null, "willing": "1. Free to do or to grant; having the mind inclined; not opposed in mind; not choosing to refuse; disposed; not averse; desirous; consenting; complying; ready. Felix, willing to show the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound. Acts xxiv. 27. With wearied wings and willing feet. Milton. [Fruit] shaken in August from the willing boughs. Bryant. 2. Received of choice, or without reluctance; submitted to voluntarily; chosen; desired. [They] are held, with his melodious harmony, In willing chains and sweet captivity. Milton. 3. Spontaneous; self-moved. [R.] No spouts of blood run willing from a tree. Dryden.", "willingly": "In a willing manner; with free will; without reluctance; cheerfully. Chaucer. The condition of that people is not so much to be envied as some would willingly represent it. Addison.", "willingness": "The quality or state of being willing; free choice or consent of the will; freedom from reluctance; readiness of the mind to do or forbear. Sweet is the love which comes with willingness. Dryden.", - "willis": null, "williwaw": "A whirlwind, or whirlwind squall, encountered in the Straits of Magellan. W. C. Russell.", "williwaws": "A whirlwind, or whirlwind squall, encountered in the Straits of Magellan. W. C. Russell.", "willow": "1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Salix, including many species, most of which are characterized often used as an emblem of sorrow, desolation, or desertion. \"A wreath of willow to show my forsaken plight.\" Sir W. Scott. Hence, a lover forsaken by, or having lost, the person beloved, is said to wear the willow. And I must wear the willow garland For him that's dead or false to me. Campbell. 2. (Textile Manuf.) A machine in which cotton or wool is opened and cleansed by the action of long spikes projecting from a drum which revolves within a box studded with similar spikes; -- probably so called from having been originally a cylindrical cage made of willow rods, though some derive the term from winnow, as denoting the winnowing, or cleansing, action of the machine. Called also willy, twilly, twilly devil, and devil. Almond willow, Pussy willow, Weeping willow. (Bot.) See under Almond, Pussy, and Weeping. -- Willow biter (Zoöl.) the blue tit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Willow fly (Zoöl.), a greenish European stone fly (Chloroperla viridis); -- called also yellow Sally. -- Willow gall (Zoöl.), a conical, scaly gall produced on willows by the larva of a small dipterous fly (Cecidomyia strobiloides). -- Willow grouse (Zoöl.), the white ptarmigan. See ptarmigan. -- Willow lark (Zoöl.), the sedge warbler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Willow ptarmigan (Zoöl.) (a) The European reed bunting, or black-headed bunting. See under Reed. (b) A sparrow (Passer salicicolus) native of Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe. -- Willow tea, the prepared leaves of a species of willow largely grown in the neighborhood of Shanghai, extensively used by the poorer classes of Chinese as a substitute for tea. McElrath. -- Willow thrush (Zoöl.), a variety of the veery, or Wilson's thrush. See Veery. -- Willow warbler (Zoöl.), a very small European warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus); -- called also bee bird, haybird, golden wren, pettychaps, sweet William, Tom Thumb, and willow wren.\n\nTo open and cleanse, as cotton, flax, or wool, by means of a willow. See Willow, n., 2.", @@ -86440,18 +76741,11 @@ "willpower": null, "wills": "1. The power of choosing; the faculty or endowment of the soul by which it is capable of choosing; the faculty or power of the mind by which we decide to do or not to do; the power or faculty of preferring or selecting one of two or more objects. It is necessary to form a distinct notion of what is meant by the word \"volition\" in order to understand the import of the word will, for this last word expresses the power of mind of which \"volition\" is the act. Stewart. Will is an ambiguous word, being sometimes put for the faculty of willing; sometimes for the act of that faculty, besides [having] other meanings. But \"volition\" always signifies the act of willing, and nothing else. Reid. Appetite is the will's solicitor, and the will is appetite's controller; what we covet according to the one, by the other we often reject. Hooker. The will is plainly that by which the mind chooses anything. J. Edwards. 2. The choice which is made; a determination or preference which results from the act or exercise of the power of choice; a volition. The word \"will,\" however, is not always used in this its proper acceptation, but is frequently substituted for \"volition\", as when I say that my hand mover in obedience to my will. Stewart. 3. The choice or determination of one who has authority; a decree; a command; discretionary pleasure. Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 10. Our prayers should be according to the will of God. Law. 4. Strong wish or inclination; desire; purpose. Note: \"Inclination is another word with which will is frequently confounded. Thus, when the apothecary says, in Romeo and Juliet, -- My poverty, but not my will, consents; . . . Put this in any liquid thing you will, And drink it off. the word will is plainly used as, synonymous with inclination; not in the strict logical sense, as the immediate antecedent of action. It is with the same latitude that the word is used in common conversation, when we speak of doing a thing which duty prescribes, against one's own will; or when we speak of doing a thing willingly or unwillingly.\" Stewart. 5. That which is strongly wished or desired. What's your will, good friar Shak. The mariner hath his will. Coleridge. 6. Arbitrary disposal; power to control, dispose, or determine. Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies. Ps. xxvii. 12. 7 7 (Law) The legal declaration of a person's mind as to the manner in which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his death; the written instrument, legally executed, by which a man makes disposition of his estate, to take effect after his death; testament; devise. See the Note under Testament, 1. Note: Wills are written or nuncupative, that is, oral. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative. At will (Law), at pleasure. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the possession at his pleasure, and be liable to be ousted at any time by the lessor or proprietor. An estate at will is at the will of both parties. -- Good will. See under Good. -- Ill will, enmity; unfriendliness; malevolence. -- To have one's will, to obtain what is desired; to do what one pleases. -- Will worship, worship according to the dictates of the will or fancy; formal worship. [Obs.] -- Will worshiper, one who offers will worship. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- With a will, with willingness and zeal; with all one's heart or strength; earnestly; heartily.\n\n1. To wish; to desire; to incline to have. A wife as of herself no thing ne sholde [should] Wille in effect, but as her husband wolde [would]. Chaucer. Caleb said unto her, What will thou Judg. i. 14. They would none of my counsel. Prov. i. 30. 2. As an auxiliary, will is used to denote futurity dependent on the verb. Thus, in first person, \"I will\" denotes willingness, consent, promise; and when \"will\" is emphasized, it denotes determination or fixed purpose; as, I will go if you wish; I will go at all hazards. In the second and third persons, the idea of distinct volition, wish, or purpose is evanescent, and simple certainty is appropriately expressed; as, \"You will go,\" or \"He will go,\" describes a future event as a fact only. To emphasize will denotes (according to the tone or context) certain futurity or fixed determination. Note: Will, auxiliary, may be used elliptically for will go. \"I'll to her lodgings.\" Marlowe. Note: As in shall (which see), the second and third persons may be virtually converted into the first, either by question or indirect statement, so as to receive the meaning which belongs to will in that person; thus, \"Will you go\" (answer, \"I will go\") asks assent, requests, etc.; while \"Will he go\" simply inquires concerning futurity; thus, also,\"He says or thinks he will go,\" \"You say or think you will go,\" both signify willingness or consent. Note: Would, as the preterit of will, is chiefly employed in conditional, subjunctive, or optative senses; as, he would go if he could; he could go if he would; he said that he would go; I would fain go, but can not; I would that I were young again; and other like phrases. In the last use, the first personal pronoun is often omitted; as, would that he were here; would to Heaven that it were so; and, omitting the to in such an adjuration. \"Would God I had died for thee.\" Would is used for both present and future time, in conditional propositions, and would have for past time; as, he would go now if he were ready; if it should rain, he would not go; he would have gone, had he been able. Would not, as also will not, signifies refusal. \"He was angry, and would not go in.\" Luke xv. 28. Would is never a past participle. Note: In Ireland, Scotland, and the United States, especially in the southern and western portions of the United States, shall and will, should and would, are often misused, as in the following examples: -- I am able to devote as much time and attention to other subjects as I will [shall] be under the necessity of doing next winter. Chalmers. A countryman, telling us what he had seen, remarked that if the conflagration went on, as it was doing, we would [should] have, as our next season's employment, the Old Town of Edinburgh to rebuild. H. Miller. I feel assured that I will [shall] not have the misfortune to find conflicting views held by one so enlightened as your excellency. J. Y. Mason.\n\nTo be willing; to be inclined or disposed; to be pleased; to wish; to desire. And behold, there came a leper and worshiped him, saying, Lord if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. Matt. viii. 2, 3. Note: This word has been confused with will, v. i., to choose, which, unlike this, is of the weak conjugation. Will I, nill I, or Will ye, hill ye, or Will he, nill he, whether I, you, or he will it or not; hence, without choice; compulsorily; -- sometimes corrupted into willy nilly. \"If I must take service willy nilly.\" J. H. Newman. \"Land for all who would till it, and reading and writing will ye, nill ye.\" Lowell.\n\n1. To form a distinct volition of; to determine by an act of choice; to ordain; to decree. \"What she will to do or say.\" Milton. By all law and reason, that which the Parliament will not, is no more established in this kingdom. Milton. Two things he [God] willeth, that we should be good, and that we should be happy. Barrow. 2. To enjoin or command, as that which is determined by an act of volition; to direct; to order. [Obs. or R.] They willed me say so, madam. Shak. Send for music, And will the cooks to use their best of cunning To please the palate. Beau. & Fl. As you go, will the lord mayor . . . To attend our further pleasure presently. J. Webster. 3. To give or direct the disposal of by testament; to bequeath; to devise; as, to will one's estate to a child; also, to order or direct by testament; as, he willed that his nephew should have his watch.\n\nTo exercise an act of volition; to choose; to decide; to determine; to decree. At Winchester he lies, so himself willed. Robert of Brunne. He that shall turn his thoughts inward upon what passes in his own mind when he wills. Locke. I contend for liberty as it signifies a power in man to do as he wills or pleases. Collins.", "willy": "1. A large wicker basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Textile Manuf.) Same as 1st Willow, 2.", - "wilma": null, - "wilmer": null, - "wilmington": null, - "wilson": null, - "wilsonian": null, "wilt": "2d pers. sing. of Will.\n\nTo begin to wither; to lose freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed when exposed to drought, or to great heat in a dry day, or when separated from its root; to droop;. to wither. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]\n\n1. To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid, as a green plant. [Prov. Eng. U. S.] 2. Hence, to cause to languish; to depress or destroy the vigor and energy of. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Despots have wilted the human race into sloth and imbecility. Dr. T. Dwight.", "wilted": null, "wilting": null, - "wilton": null, "wilts": "2d pers. sing. of Will.\n\nTo begin to wither; to lose freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed when exposed to drought, or to great heat in a dry day, or when separated from its root; to droop;. to wither. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]\n\n1. To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid, as a green plant. [Prov. Eng. U. S.] 2. Hence, to cause to languish; to depress or destroy the vigor and energy of. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Despots have wilted the human race into sloth and imbecility. Dr. T. Dwight.", "wily": "Full of wiles, tricks, or stratagems; using craft or stratagem to accomplish a purpose; mischievously artful; subtle. \"Wily and wise.\" Chaucer. \"The wily snake.\" Milton. This false, wily, doubling disposition of mind. South. Syn. -- Cunning; artful; sly; crafty. See Cunning.", - "wimbledon": null, "wimp": null, "wimped": null, "wimpier": null, @@ -86464,17 +76758,13 @@ "wimpling": null, "wimps": null, "wimpy": null, - "wimsey": null, "win": "1. To gain by superiority in competition or contest; to obtain by victory over competitors or rivals; as, to win the prize in a gate; to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country. \"This city for to win.\" Chaucer. \"Who thus shall Canaan win.\" Milton. Thy well-breathed horse Impels the flying car, and wins the course. Dryden. 2. To allure to kindness; to bring to compliance; to gain or obtain, as by solicitation or courtship. Thy virtue wan me; with virtue preserve me. Sir P. Sidney. She is a woman; therefore to be won. Shak. 3. To gain over to one's side or party; to obtain the favor, friendship, or support of; to render friendly or approving; as, to win an enemy; to win a jury. 4. To come to by toil or effort; to reach; to overtake. [Archaic] Even in the porch he him did win. Spenser. And when the stony path began, By which the naked peak they wan, Up flew the snowy ptarmigan. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Mining) To extract, as ore or coal. Raymond. Syn. -- To gain; get; procure; earn. See Gain.\n\nTo gain the victory; to be successful; to triumph; to prevail. Nor is it aught but just That he, who in debate of truth hath won, should win in arms. Milton. To win of, to be conqueror over. [Obs.] Shak. -- To win on or upon. (a) To gain favor or influence with. \"You have a softness and beneficence winning on the hearts of others.\" Dryden. (b) To gain ground on. \"The rabble . . . will in time win upon power.\" Shak.", "wince": "1. To shrink, as from a blow, or from pain; to flinch; to start back. I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word. Shak. 2. To kick or flounce when unsteady, or impatient at a rider; as, a horse winces.\n\nThe act of one who winces.\n\nA reel used in dyeing, steeping, or washing cloth; a winch. It is placed over the division wall between two wince pits so as to allow the cloth to descend into either compartment. at will. Wince pit, Wince pot, a tank or a pit where cloth in the process of dyeing or manufacture is washed, dipped in a mordant, or the like.", "winced": null, "winces": "1. To shrink, as from a blow, or from pain; to flinch; to start back. I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word. Shak. 2. To kick or flounce when unsteady, or impatient at a rider; as, a horse winces.\n\nThe act of one who winces.\n\nA reel used in dyeing, steeping, or washing cloth; a winch. It is placed over the division wall between two wince pits so as to allow the cloth to descend into either compartment. at will. Wince pit, Wince pot, a tank or a pit where cloth in the process of dyeing or manufacture is washed, dipped in a mordant, or the like.", "winch": "To wince; to shrink; to kick with impatience or uneasiness.\n\nA kick, as of a beast, from impatience or uneasiness. Shelton.\n\n1. A crank with a handle, for giving motion to a machine, a grindstone, etc. 2. An instrument with which to turn or strain something forcibly. 3. An axle or drum turned by a crank with a handle, or by power, for raising weights, as from the hold of a ship, from mines, etc.; a windlass. 4. A wince.", "winched": null, - "winchell": null, "winches": null, - "winchester": null, - "winchesters": null, "winching": null, "wincing": "The act of washing cloth, dipping it in dye, etc., with a wince. Wincing machine. (a) A wince. Ure. (b) A succession of winces. See Wince. Knight.", "wind": "1. To turn completely, or with repeated turns; especially, to turn about something fixed; to cause to form convolutions about anything; to coil; to twine; to twist; to wreathe; as, to wind thread on a spool or into a ball. Whether to wind The woodbine round this arbor. Milton. 2. To entwist; to infold; to encircle. Sleep, and I will wind thee in arms. Shak. 3. To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one's pleasure; to vary or alter or will; to regulate; to govern. \"To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus.\" Shak. In his terms so he would him wind. Chaucer. Gifts blind the wise, and bribes do please And wind all other witnesses. Herrick. Were our legislature vested in the prince, he might wind and turn our constitution at his pleasure. Addison. 4. To introduce by insinuation; to insinuate. You have contrived . . . to wind Yourself into a power tyrannical. Shak. Little arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into discourse. Gov. of Tongue. 5. To cover or surround with something coiled about; as, to wind a rope with twine. To wind off, to unwind; to uncoil. -- To wind out, to extricate. [Obs.] Clarendon. -- To wind up. (a) To coil into a ball or small compass, as a skein of thread; to coil completely. (b) To bring to a conclusion or settlement; as, to wind up one's affairs; to wind up an argument. (c) To put in a state of renewed or continued motion, as a clock, a watch, etc., by winding the spring, or that which carries the weight; hence, to prepare for continued movement or action; to put in order anew. \"Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years.\" Dryden. \"Thus they wound up his temper to a pitch.\" Atterbury. (d) To tighten (the strings) of a musical instrument, so as to tune it. \"Wind up the slackened strings of thy lute.\" Waller.\n\n1. To turn completely or repeatedly; to become coiled about anything; to assume a convolved or spiral form; as, vines wind round a pole. So swift your judgments turn and wind. Dryden. 2. To have a circular course or direction; to crook; to bend; to meander; as, to wind in and out among trees. And where the valley winded out below, The murmuring main was heard, and scarcely heard, to flow. Thomson. He therefore turned him to the steep and rocky path which . . . winded through the thickets of wild boxwood and other low aromatic shrubs. Sir W. Scott. 3. To go to the one side or the other; to move this way and that; to double on one's course; as, a hare pursued turns and winds. The lowing herd wind Gray. To wind out, to extricate one's self; to escape. Long struggling underneath are they could wind Out of such prison. Milton.\n\nThe act of winding or turning; a turn; a bend; a twist; a winding.\n\n1. Air naturally in motion with any degree of velocity; a current of air. Except wind stands as never it stood, It is an ill wind that turns none to good. Tusser . Winds were soft, and woods were green. Longfellow. 2. Air artificially put in motion by any force or action; as, the wind of a cannon ball; the wind of a bellows. 3. Breath modulated by the respiratory and vocal organs, or by an instrument. Their instruments were various in their kind, Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind. Dryden. 4. Power of respiration; breath. If my wind were but long enough to say my prayers, I would repent. Shak. 5. Air or gas generated in the stomach or bowels; flatulence; as, to be troubled with wind. 6. Air impregnated with an odor or scent. A pack of dogfish had him in the wind. Swift. 7. A direction from which the wind may blow; a point of the compass; especially, one of the cardinal points, which are often called the four winds. Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain. Ezek. xxxvii. 9. Note: This sense seems to have had its origin in the East. The Hebrews gave to each of the four cardinal points the name of wind. 8. (Far.) A disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing. 9. Mere breath or talk; empty effort; idle words. Nor think thou with wind Of airy threats to awe. Milton. 10. (Zoöl.) The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.] Note: Wind is often used adjectively, or as the first part of compound words. All in the wind. (Naut.) See under All, n. -- Before the wind. (Naut.) See under Before. -- Between wind and water (Naut.), in that part of a ship's side or bottom which is frequently brought above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of the water's surface. Hence, colloquially, (as an injury to that part of a vessel, in an engagement, is particularly dangerous) the vulnerable part or point of anything. -- Cardinal winds. See under Cardinal, a. -- Down the wind. (a) In the direction of, and moving with, the wind; as, birds fly swiftly down the wind. (b) Decaying; declining; in a state of decay. [Obs.] \"He went down the wind still.\" L'Estrange. -- In the wind's eye (Naut.), directly toward the point from which the wind blows. -- Three sheets in the wind, unsteady from drink. [Sailors' Slang] - - To be in the wind, to be suggested or expected; to be a matter of suspicion or surmise. [Colloq.] -- To carry the wind (Man.), to toss the nose as high as the ears, as a horse. -- To raise the wind, to procure money. [Colloq.] -- To take, or have, the wind, to gain or have the advantage. Bacon. -- To take the wind out of one's sails, to cause one to stop, or lose way, as when a vessel intercepts the wind of another. [Colloq.] -- To take wind, or To get wind, to be divulged; to become public; as, the story got wind, or took wind. -- Wind band (Mus.), a band of wind instruments; a military band; the wind instruments of an orchestra. -- Wind chest (Mus.), a chest or reservoir of wind in an organ. -- Wind dropsy. (Med.) (a) Tympanites. (b) Emphysema of the subcutaneous areolar tissue. -- Wind egg, an imperfect, unimpregnated, or addled egg. -- Wind furnace. See the Note under Furnace. -- Wind gauge. See under Gauge. -- Wind gun. Same as Air gun. -- Wind hatch (Mining), the opening or place where the ore is taken out of the earth. -- Wind instrument (Mus.), an instrument of music sounded by means of wind, especially by means of the breath, as a flute, a clarinet, etc. -- Wind pump, a pump moved by a windmill. -- Wind rose, a table of the points of the compass, giving the states of the barometer, etc., connected with winds from the different directions. -- Wind sail. (a) (Naut.) A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to convey a stream of air for ventilation into the lower compartments of a vessel. (b) The sail or vane of a windmill. -- Wind shake, a crack or incoherence in timber produced by violent winds while the timber was growing. -- Wind shock, a wind shake. -- Wind side, the side next the wind; the windward side. [R.] Mrs. Browning. -- Wind rush (Zoöl.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wind wheel, a motor consisting of a wheel moved by wind. -- Wood wind (Mus.), the flutes and reed instruments of an orchestra, collectively.\n\n1. To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate. 2. To perceive or follow by the scent; to scent; to nose; as, the hounds winded the game. 3. (a) To drive hard, or force to violent exertion, as a horse, so as to render scant of wind; to put out of breath. (b) To rest, as a horse, in order to allow the breath to be recovered; to breathe. To wind a ship (Naut.), to turn it end for end, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side.\n\nTo blow; to sound by blowing; esp., to sound with prolonged and mutually involved notes. \"Hunters who wound their horns.\" Pennant. Ye vigorous swains, while youth ferments your blood, . . . Wind the shrill horn. Pope. That blast was winded by the king. Sir W. Scott.", @@ -86493,12 +76783,10 @@ "winded": null, "winder": "1. One who, or that which, winds; hence, a creeping or winding plant. 2. An apparatus used for winding silk, cotton, etc., on spools, bobbins, reels, or the like. 3. (Arch.) One in a flight of steps which are curved in plan, so that each tread is broader at one end than at the other; -- distinguished from flyer.\n\nTo fan; to clean grain with a fan. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA blow taking away the breath. [Slang]\n\nTo wither; to fail. [Obs.] Holland.", "winders": "1. One who, or that which, winds; hence, a creeping or winding plant. 2. An apparatus used for winding silk, cotton, etc., on spools, bobbins, reels, or the like. 3. (Arch.) One in a flight of steps which are curved in plan, so that each tread is broader at one end than at the other; -- distinguished from flyer.\n\nTo fan; to clean grain with a fan. [Prov. Eng.]\n\nA blow taking away the breath. [Slang]\n\nTo wither; to fail. [Obs.] Holland.", - "windex": null, "windfall": "1. Anything blown down or off by the wind, as fruit from a tree, or the tree itself, or a portion of a forest prostrated by a violent wind, etc. \"They became a windfall upon the sudden.\" Bacon. 2. An unexpected legacy, or other gain. He had a mighty windfall out of doubt. B. Jonson.", "windfalls": "1. Anything blown down or off by the wind, as fruit from a tree, or the tree itself, or a portion of a forest prostrated by a violent wind, etc. \"They became a windfall upon the sudden.\" Bacon. 2. An unexpected legacy, or other gain. He had a mighty windfall out of doubt. B. Jonson.", "windflower": "The anemone; -- so called because formerly supposed to open only when the wind was blowing. See Anemone.", "windflowers": "The anemone; -- so called because formerly supposed to open only when the wind was blowing. See Anemone.", - "windhoek": null, "windier": null, "windiest": null, "windily": null, @@ -86534,8 +76822,6 @@ "windshields": null, "windsock": null, "windsocks": null, - "windsor": "A town in Berkshire, England. Windsor bean. (Bot.) See under Bean. -- Windsor chair, a kind of strong, plain, polished, wooden chair. Simmonds. -- Windsor soap, a scented soap well known for its excellence.", - "windsors": "A town in Berkshire, England. Windsor bean. (Bot.) See under Bean. -- Windsor chair, a kind of strong, plain, polished, wooden chair. Simmonds. -- Windsor soap, a scented soap well known for its excellence.", "windstorm": "A storm characterized by high wind with little or no rain.", "windstorms": "A storm characterized by high wind with little or no rain.", "windsurf": null, @@ -86560,9 +76846,6 @@ "wineries": null, "winery": "A place where grapes are converted into wine.", "wines": "1. The expressed juice of grapes, esp. when fermented; a beverage or liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out their juice, and (usually) allowing it to ferment. \"Red wine of Gascoigne.\" Piers Plowman. Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. Prov. xx. 1. Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape Crushed the sweet poison of misused wine. Milton. Note: Wine is essentially a dilute solution of ethyl alcohol, containing also certain small quantities of ethers and ethereal salts which give character and bouquet. According to their color, strength, taste, etc., wines are called red, white, spirituous, dry, light, still, etc. 2. A liquor or beverage prepared from the juice of any fruit or plant by a process similar to that for grape wine; as, currant wine; gooseberry wine; palm wine. 3. The effect of drinking wine in excess; intoxication. Noah awoke from his wine. Gen. ix. 24. Birch wine, Cape wine, etc. See under Birch, Cape, etc. -- Spirit of wine. See under Spirit. -- To have drunk wine of ape or wine ape, to be so drunk as to be foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Wine acid. (Chem.) See Tartaric acid, under Tartaric. [Colloq.] - - Wine apple (Bot.), a large red apple, with firm flesh and a rich, vinous flavor. -- Wine bag, a wine skin. -- Wine biscuit, a kind of sweet biscuit served with wine. -- Wine cask, a cask for holding wine, or which holds, or has held, wine. -- Wine cellar, a cellar adapted or used for storing wine. -- Wine cooler, a vessel of porous earthenware used to cool wine by the evaporation of water; also, a stand for wine bottles, containing ice.a drink composed of approximately equal parts of wine and some carbonated beverage (soda). Also called California cooler. -- Wine fly (Zoöl.), small two-winged fly of the genus Piophila, whose larva lives in wine, cider, and other fermented liquors. -- Wine grower, one who cultivates a vineyard and makes wine. -- Wine measure, the measure by which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer measure. -- Wine merchant, a merchant who deals in wines. -- Wine of opium (Pharm.), a solution of opium in aromatized sherry wine, having the same strength as ordinary laudanum; -- also Sydenham's laudanum. -- Wine press, a machine or apparatus in which grapes are pressed to extract their juice. -- Wine skin, a bottle or bag of skin, used, in various countries, for carrying wine. -- Wine stone, a kind of crust deposited in wine casks. See 1st Tartar, 1. -- Wine vault. (a) A vault where wine is stored. (b) A place where wine is served at the bar, or at tables; a dramshop. Dickens. -- Wine vinegar, vinegar made from wine. -- Wine whey, whey made from milk coagulated by the use of wine.", - "winesap": "A variety of winter apple of medium size, deep red color, and yellowish flesh of a rich, rather subacid flavor.", - "winfred": null, - "winfrey": null, "wing": "1. One of the two anterior limbs of a bird, pterodactyl, or bat. They correspond to the arms of man, and are usually modified for flight, but in the case of a few species of birds, as the ostrich, auk, etc., the wings are used only as an assistance in running or swimming. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings. Deut. xxxii. 11. Note: In the wing of a bird the long quill feathers are in series. The primaries are those attached to the ulnar side of the hand; the secondaries, or wing coverts, those of the forearm: the scapulars, those that lie over the humerus; and the bastard feathers, those of the short outer digit. See Illust. of Bird, and Plumage. 2. Any similar member or instrument used for the purpose of flying. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) One of the two pairs of upper thoracic appendages of most hexapod insects. They are broad, fanlike organs formed of a double membrane and strengthened by chitinous veins or nervures. (b) One of the large pectoral fins of the flying fishes. 3. Passage by flying; flight; as, to take wing. Light thickens; and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak. 4. Motive or instrument of flight; means of flight or of rapid motion. Fiery expedition be my wing. Shak. 5. Anything which agitates the air as a wing does, or which is put in winglike motion by the action of the air, as a fan or vane for winnowing grain, the vane or sail of a windmill, etc. 6. An ornament worn on the shoulder; a small epaulet or shoulder knot. 7. Any appendage resembling the wing of a bird or insect in shape or appearance. Specifically: (a) (Zoöl.) One of the broad, thin, anterior lobes of the foot of a pteropod, used as an organ in swimming. (b) (Bot.) Any membranaceous expansion, as that along the sides of certain stems, or of a fruit of the kind called samara. (c) (Bot.) Either of the two side petals of a papilionaceous flower. 8. One of two corresponding appendages attached; a sidepiece. Hence: (a) (Arch.) A side building, less than the main edifice; as, one of the wings of a palace. (b) (Fort.) The longer side of crownworks, etc., connecting them with the main work. (c) (Hort.) A side shoot of a tree or plant; a branch growing up by the side of another. [Obs.] (d) (Mil.) The right or left division of an army, regiment, etc. (e) (Naut.) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle. Totten. (f) One of the sides of the stags in a theater. On the wing. (a) Supported by, or flying with, the wings another. -- On the wings of the wind, with the utmost velocity. -- Under the wing, or wings, of, under the care or protection of. -- Wing and wing (Naut.), with sails hauled out on either side; -- said of a schooner, or her sails, when going before the wind with the foresail on one side and the mainsail on the other; also said of a square-rigged vessel which has her studding sails set. Cf. Goosewinged. -- Wing case (Zoöl.), one of the anterior wings of beetles, and of some other insects, when thickened and used to protect the hind wings; an elytron; -- called also wing cover. -- Wing covert (Zoöl.), one of the small feathers covering the bases of the wing quills. See Covert, n., 2. -- Wing gudgeon (Mach.), an iron gudgeon for the end of a wooden axle, having thin, broad projections to prevent it from turning in the wood. See Illust. of Gudgeon. -- Wing shell (Zoöl.), wing case of an insect. -- Wing stroke, the stroke or sweep of a wing. -- Wing transom (Naut.), the uppermost transom of the stern; -- called also main transom. J. Knowles.\n\n1. To furnish with wings; to enable to fly, or to move with celerity. Who heaves old ocean, and whowings the storms. Pope. Living, to wing with mirth the weary hours. Longfellow. 2. To supply with wings or sidepieces. The main battle, whose puissance on either side Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse. Shak. 3. To transport by flight; to cause to fly. I, an old turtle, Will wing me to some withered bough. Shak. 4. To move through in flight; to fly through. There's not an arrow wings the sky But fancy turns its point to him. Moore. 5. To cut off the wings of; to wound in the wing; to disable a wing of; as, to wing a bird. To wing a flight, to exert the power of flying; to fly.", "wingding": null, "wingdings": null, @@ -86583,7 +76866,6 @@ "wingtips": null, "winier": null, "winiest": null, - "winifred": null, "wining": null, "wink": "1. To nod; to sleep; to nap. [Obs.] \"Although I wake or wink.\" Chaucer. 2. To shut the eyes quickly; to close the eyelids with a quick motion. He must wink, so loud he would cry. Chaucer. And I will wink, so shall the day seem night. Shak. They are not blind, but they wink. Tillotson. 3. To close and open the eyelids quickly; to nictitate; to blink. A baby of some three months old, who winked, and turned aside its little face from the too vivid light of day. Hawthorne. 4. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids, often those of one eye only. Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate. Swift. 5. To avoid taking notice, as if by shutting the eyes; to connive at anything; to be tolerant; -- generally with at. The times of this ignorance God winked at. Acts xvii. 30. And yet, as though he knew it not, His knowledge winks, and lets his humors reign. Herbert. Obstinacy can not be winked at, but must be subdued. Locke. 6. To be dim and flicker; as, the light winks. Winking monkey (Zoöl.), the white-nosed monkey (Cersopithecus nictitans).\n\nTo cause (the eyes) to wink.[Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of closing, or closing and opening, the eyelids quickly; hence, the time necessary for such an act; a moment. I have not slept one wink. Shak. I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. Donne. 2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. Sir. P. Sidney. The stockjobber thus from Change Alley goes down, And tips you, the freeman, a wink. Swift.", "winked": null, @@ -86596,14 +76878,11 @@ "winkling": null, "winks": "1. To nod; to sleep; to nap. [Obs.] \"Although I wake or wink.\" Chaucer. 2. To shut the eyes quickly; to close the eyelids with a quick motion. He must wink, so loud he would cry. Chaucer. And I will wink, so shall the day seem night. Shak. They are not blind, but they wink. Tillotson. 3. To close and open the eyelids quickly; to nictitate; to blink. A baby of some three months old, who winked, and turned aside its little face from the too vivid light of day. Hawthorne. 4. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids, often those of one eye only. Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate. Swift. 5. To avoid taking notice, as if by shutting the eyes; to connive at anything; to be tolerant; -- generally with at. The times of this ignorance God winked at. Acts xvii. 30. And yet, as though he knew it not, His knowledge winks, and lets his humors reign. Herbert. Obstinacy can not be winked at, but must be subdued. Locke. 6. To be dim and flicker; as, the light winks. Winking monkey (Zoöl.), the white-nosed monkey (Cersopithecus nictitans).\n\nTo cause (the eyes) to wink.[Colloq.]\n\n1. The act of closing, or closing and opening, the eyelids quickly; hence, the time necessary for such an act; a moment. I have not slept one wink. Shak. I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. Donne. 2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. Sir. P. Sidney. The stockjobber thus from Change Alley goes down, And tips you, the freeman, a wink. Swift.", "winnable": null, - "winnebago": null, "winner": "One who wins, or gains by success in competition, contest, or gaming.", "winners": "One who wins, or gains by success in competition, contest, or gaming.", - "winnie": null, "winning": "Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as, a winning address. \"Each mild and winning note.\" Keble.\n\n1. The act of obtaining something, as in a contest or by competition. 2. The money, etc., gained by success in competition or contest, esp, in gambling; -- usually in the plural. Ye seek land and sea for your winnings. Chaucer. 3. (Mining) (a) A new opening. (b) The portion of a coal field out for working. Winning headway (Mining), an excavation for exploration, in post-and-stall working. -- Winning post, the post, or goal, at the end of a race.", "winningly": "In a winning manner.", "winnings": "Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as, a winning address. \"Each mild and winning note.\" Keble.\n\n1. The act of obtaining something, as in a contest or by competition. 2. The money, etc., gained by success in competition or contest, esp, in gambling; -- usually in the plural. Ye seek land and sea for your winnings. Chaucer. 3. (Mining) (a) A new opening. (b) The portion of a coal field out for working. Winning headway (Mining), an excavation for exploration, in post-and-stall working. -- Winning post, the post, or goal, at the end of a race.", - "winnipeg": null, "winnow": "1. To separate, and drive off, the chaff from by means of wind; to fan; as, to winnow grain. Ho winnoweth barley to-night in the threshing floor. Ruth. iii. 2. 2. To sift, as for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth; to separate, as had from good. Winnow well this thought, and you shall find This light as chaff that flies before the wind. Dryden. 3. To beat with wings, or as with wings.[Poetic] Now on the polar winds; then with quick fan Winnows the buxom air. Milton.\n\nTo separate chaff from grain. Winnow not with every wind. Ecclus. v. 9.", "winnowed": null, "winnower": "One who, or that which, winnows; specifically, a winnowing machine.", @@ -86618,7 +76897,6 @@ "winsomeness": "The characteristic of being winsome; attractiveness of manner. J. R. Green.", "winsomer": null, "winsomest": null, - "winston": null, "winter": "1. The season of the year in which the sun shines most obliquely upon any region; the coldest season of the year. \"Of thirty winter he was old.\" Chaucer. And after summer evermore succeeds Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold. Shak. Winter lingering chills the lap of May. Goldsmith. Note: North of the equator, winter is popularly taken to include the months of December, January, and February (see Season). Astronomically, it may be considered to begin with the winter solstice, about December 21st, and to end with the vernal equinox, about March 21st. 2. The period of decay, old age, death, or the like. Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth. Winter apple, an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter barley, a kind of barley that is sown in autumn. -- Winter berry (Bot.), the name of several American shrubs (Ilex verticillata, I. lævigata, etc.) of the Holly family, having bright red berries conspicuous in winter. -- Winter bloom. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Azalea. (b) A plant of the genus Hamamelis (H. Viginica); witch-hazel; -- so called from its flowers appearing late in autumn, while the leaves are falling. -- Winter bud (Zoöl.), a statoblast. -- Winter cherry (Bot.), a plant (Physalis Alkekengi) of the Nightshade family, which has, a red berry inclosed in the inflated and persistent calyx. See Alkekengi. -- Winter cough (Med.), a form of chronic bronchitis marked by a cough recurring each winter. -- Winter cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered cruciferous plant (Barbarea vulgaris). -- Winter crop, a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. -- Winter duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The old squaw. -- Winter egg (Zoöl.), an egg produced in the autumn by many invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a manner different from that of the summer eggs. -- Winter fallow, ground that is fallowed in winter. -- Winter fat. (Bot.) Same as White sage, under White. -- Winter fever (Med.), pneumonia. [Colloq.] -- Winter flounder. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Flounder. -- Winter gull (Zoöl.), the common European gull; -- called also winter mew. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter itch. (Med.) See Prarie itch, under Prairie. -- Winter lodge, or Winter lodgment. (Bot.) Same as Hibernaculum. -- Winter mew. (Zoöl.) Same as Winter gull, above. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of geometrid moths which come forth in winter, as the European species (Cheimatobia brumata). These moths have rudimentary mouth organs, and eat no food in the imago state. The female of some of the species is wingless. -- Winter oil, oil prepared so as not to solidify in moderately cold weather. -- Winter pear, a kind of pear that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter quarters, the quarters of troops during the winter; a winter residence or station. -- Winter rye, a kind of rye that is sown in autumn. -- Winter shad (Zoöl.), the gizzard shad. -- Winter sheldrake (Zoöl.), the goosander. [Local, U.S.] -- Winter sleep (Zoöl.), hibernation. -- Winter snipe (Zoöl.), the dunlin. -- Winter solstice. (Astron.) See Solstice, 2. -- Winter teal (Zoöl.), the green-winged teal. -- Winter wagtail (Zoöl.), the gray wagtail (Motacilla melanope). [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter wheat, wheat sown in autumn, which lives during the winter, and ripens in the following summer. -- Winter wren (Zoöl.), a small American wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) closely resembling the common wren.\n\nTo pass the winter; to hibernate; as, to winter in Florida. Because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence. Acts xxvii. 12.\n\nTo keep, feed or manage, during the winter; as, to winter young cattle on straw.", "wintered": null, "wintergreen": "A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter. Note: In England, the name wintergreen is applied to the species of Pyrola which in America are called English wintergreen, and shin leaf (see Shin leaf, under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen aromatic plant with oval leaves clustered at the top of a short stem, and bearing small white flowers followed by red berries; -- called also checkerberry, and sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry. Chickweed wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb (Trientalis Americana); -- also called star flower. -- Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia) with leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen (Gaultheria), and bearing a few showy, rose-purple blossoms. -- Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant (Chimaphila maculata) with ovate, white-spotted leaves.", @@ -86629,7 +76907,6 @@ "winterizing": null, "winters": "1. The season of the year in which the sun shines most obliquely upon any region; the coldest season of the year. \"Of thirty winter he was old.\" Chaucer. And after summer evermore succeeds Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold. Shak. Winter lingering chills the lap of May. Goldsmith. Note: North of the equator, winter is popularly taken to include the months of December, January, and February (see Season). Astronomically, it may be considered to begin with the winter solstice, about December 21st, and to end with the vernal equinox, about March 21st. 2. The period of decay, old age, death, or the like. Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth. Winter apple, an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter barley, a kind of barley that is sown in autumn. -- Winter berry (Bot.), the name of several American shrubs (Ilex verticillata, I. lævigata, etc.) of the Holly family, having bright red berries conspicuous in winter. -- Winter bloom. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Azalea. (b) A plant of the genus Hamamelis (H. Viginica); witch-hazel; -- so called from its flowers appearing late in autumn, while the leaves are falling. -- Winter bud (Zoöl.), a statoblast. -- Winter cherry (Bot.), a plant (Physalis Alkekengi) of the Nightshade family, which has, a red berry inclosed in the inflated and persistent calyx. See Alkekengi. -- Winter cough (Med.), a form of chronic bronchitis marked by a cough recurring each winter. -- Winter cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered cruciferous plant (Barbarea vulgaris). -- Winter crop, a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. -- Winter duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The old squaw. -- Winter egg (Zoöl.), an egg produced in the autumn by many invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a manner different from that of the summer eggs. -- Winter fallow, ground that is fallowed in winter. -- Winter fat. (Bot.) Same as White sage, under White. -- Winter fever (Med.), pneumonia. [Colloq.] -- Winter flounder. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Flounder. -- Winter gull (Zoöl.), the common European gull; -- called also winter mew. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter itch. (Med.) See Prarie itch, under Prairie. -- Winter lodge, or Winter lodgment. (Bot.) Same as Hibernaculum. -- Winter mew. (Zoöl.) Same as Winter gull, above. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of geometrid moths which come forth in winter, as the European species (Cheimatobia brumata). These moths have rudimentary mouth organs, and eat no food in the imago state. The female of some of the species is wingless. -- Winter oil, oil prepared so as not to solidify in moderately cold weather. -- Winter pear, a kind of pear that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter quarters, the quarters of troops during the winter; a winter residence or station. -- Winter rye, a kind of rye that is sown in autumn. -- Winter shad (Zoöl.), the gizzard shad. -- Winter sheldrake (Zoöl.), the goosander. [Local, U.S.] -- Winter sleep (Zoöl.), hibernation. -- Winter snipe (Zoöl.), the dunlin. -- Winter solstice. (Astron.) See Solstice, 2. -- Winter teal (Zoöl.), the green-winged teal. -- Winter wagtail (Zoöl.), the gray wagtail (Motacilla melanope). [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter wheat, wheat sown in autumn, which lives during the winter, and ripens in the following summer. -- Winter wren (Zoöl.), a small American wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) closely resembling the common wren.\n\nTo pass the winter; to hibernate; as, to winter in Florida. Because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence. Acts xxvii. 12.\n\nTo keep, feed or manage, during the winter; as, to winter young cattle on straw.", "wintertime": null, - "winthrop": null, "wintrier": null, "wintriest": null, "wintry": "Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. Touch our chilled hearts with vernal smile, Our wintry course do thou beguile. Keble.", @@ -86659,11 +76936,6 @@ "wiriness": "The quality of being wiry.", "wiring": "1. The act of one that wires anything. 2. The wires or conductors employed in a system of electric distribution.", "wiry": "1. Made of wire; like wire; drawn out like wire. 2. Capable of endurance; tough; sinewy; as, a wiry frame or constitution. \"A little wiry sergeant of meek demeanor and strong sense.\" Dickens. He bore his age well, and seemed to retain a wiry vigor and alertness. Hawthorne.", - "wis": "Certainly; really; indeed. [Obs.] \"As wis God helpe me.\" Chaucer.\n\nTo think; to suppose; to imagine; -- used chiefly in the first person sing. present tense, I wis. See the Note under Ywis. [Obs. or Poetic] \"Howe'er you wis.\" R. Browning. Nor do I know how long it is (For I have lain entranced, I wis). Coleridge.", - "wisc": null, - "wisconsin": null, - "wisconsinite": null, - "wisconsinites": null, "wisdom": "1. The quality of being wise; knowledge, and the capacity to make due use of it; knowledge of the best ends and the best means; discernment and judgment; discretion; sagacity; skill; dexterity. We speak also not in wise words of man's wisdom, but in the doctrine of the spirit. Wyclif (1 Cor. ii. 13). Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding. Job xxviii. 28. It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom that they will yield everything to reason, and refuse everything to force. Ames. Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom. Coleridge. 2. The results of wise judgments; scientific or practical truth; acquired knowledge; erudition. Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds. Acts vii. 22. Syn. -- Prudence; knowledge. Wisdom, Prudence, Knowledge. Wisdom has been defined to be \"the use of the best means for attaining the best ends.\" \"We conceive,\" says Whewell, \" prudence as the virtue by which we select right means for given ends, while wisdom implies the selection of right ends as well as of right means.\" Hence, wisdom implies the union of high mental and moral excellence. Prudence (that is, providence, or forecast) is of a more negative character; it rather consists in avoiding danger than in taking decisive measures for the accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Walpole was in many respects a prudent statesman, but he was far from being a wise one. Burke has said that prudence, when carried too far, degenerates into a \"reptile virtue,\" which is the more dangerous for its plausible appearance. Knowledge, a more comprehensive term, signifies the simple apprehension of facts or relations. \"In strictness of language,\" says Paley, \" there is a difference between knowledge and wisdom; wisdom always supposing action, and action directed by it.\" Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one, Have ofttimes no connection. Knowledge dwells In heads replete with thoughts of other men; Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. Knowledge, a rude, unprofitable mass, The mere materials with which wisdom builds, Till smoothed, and squared, and fitted to its place, Does but encumber whom it seems to enrich. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much; Wisdom is humble that he knows no more. Cowper. Wisdom tooth, the last, or back, tooth of the full set on each half of each jaw in man; -- familiarly so called, because appearing comparatively late, after the person may be supposed to have arrived at the age of wisdom. See the Note under Tooth, 1.", "wise": "1. Having knowledge; knowing; enlightened; of extensive information; erudite; learned. They are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. Jer. iv. 22. 2. Hence, especially, making due use of knowledge; discerning and judging soundly concerning what is true or false, proper or improper; choosing the best ends and the best means for accomplishing them; sagacious. When clouds appear, wise men put their cloaks. Shak. From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation. 2 Tim. iii. 15. 3. Versed in art or science; skillful; dexterous; specifically, skilled in divination. Fal. There was, mine host, an old fat woman even now with me; but she's gone. Sim. Pray you, sir, was't not the wise woman of Brentford Shak. 4. Hence, prudent; calculating; shrewd; wary; subtle; crafty. [R.] \"Thou art . . . no novice, but a governor wily and wise.\" Chaucer. Nor, on the other side, Will I be penuriously wise As to make money, that's my slave, my idol. Beau. & Fl. Lords do not care for me: I am too wise to die yet. Ford. 5. Dictated or guided by wisdom; containing or exhibiting wisdom; well adapted to produce good effects; judicious; discreet; as, a wise saying; a wise scheme or plan; wise conduct or management; a wise determination. \"Eminent in wise deport.\" Milton. To make it wise, to make it a matter of deliberation. [Obs.] \" We thought it was not worth to make it wise.\" Chaucer. -- Wise in years, old enough to be wise; wise from age and experience; hence, aged; old. [Obs.] A very grave, state bachelor, my dainty one; He's wise in years, and of a temperate warmth. Ford. You are too wise in years, too full of counsel, For my green experience. Ford.\n\nWay of being or acting; manner; mode; fashion. \"All armed in complete wise.\" Spenser. To love her in my beste wyse. Chaucer. This song she sings in most commanding wise. Sir P. Sidney. Let not these blessings then, sent from above, Abused be, or spilt in profane wise. Fairfax. Note: This word is nearly obsolete, except in such phrases as in any wise, in no wise, on this wise, etc. \" Fret not thyself in any wise to do evil.\" Ps. xxxvii. 8. \"He shall in no wise lose his reward.\" Matt. x. 42. \" On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel.\" Num. vi. 23. Note: Wise is often used as a suffix in composition, as in likewise, nowise, lengthwise, etc., in which words -ways is often substituted with the same sense; as, noways, lengthways, etc.", "wiseacre": "1. A learned or wise man. [Obs.] Pythagoras learned much . . . becoming a mighty wiseacre. Leland. 2. One who makes undue pretensions to wisdom; a would-be-wise person; hence, in contempt, a simpleton; a dunce.", @@ -86745,13 +77017,11 @@ "witnesses": null, "witnessing": null, "wits": "To know; to learn. \"I wot and wist alway.\" Chaucer. Note: The present tense was inflected as follows; sing. 1st pers. wot; 2d pers. wost, or wot(t)est; 3d pers. wot, or wot(t)eth; pl. witen, or wite. The following variant forms also occur; pres. sing. 1st & 3d pers. wat, woot; pres. pl. wyten, or wyte, weete, wote, wot; imp. wuste (Southern dialect); p. pr. wotting. Later, other variant or corrupt forms are found, as, in Shakespeare, 3d pers. sing. pres. wots. Brethren, we do you to wit [make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1. Thou wost full little what thou meanest. Chaucer. We witen not what thing we prayen here. Chaucer. When that the sooth in wist. Chaucer. Note: This verb is now used only in the infinitive, to wit, which is employed, especially in legal language, to call attention to a particular thing, or to a more particular specification of what has preceded, and is equivalent to namely, that is to say.\n\n1. Mind; intellect; understanding; sense. Who knew the wit of the Lord or who was his counselor Wyclif (Rom. xi. 34). A prince most prudent, of an excellent And unmatched wit and judgment. Shak. Will puts in practice what wit deviseth. Sir J. Davies. He wants not wit the dander to decline. Dryden. 2. A mental faculty, or power of the mind; -- used in this sense chiefly in the plural, and in certain phrases; as, to lose one's wits; at one's wits' end, and the like. \"Men's wittes ben so dull.\" Chaucer. I will stare him out of his wits. Shak. 3. Felicitous association of objects not usually connected, so as to produce a pleasant surprise; also. the power of readily combining objects in such a manner. The definition of wit is only this, that it is a propriety of thoughts and words; or, in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly adapted to the subject. Dryden. Wit which discovers partial likeness hidden in general diversity. Coleridge. Wit lying most in the assemblage of ideas, and putting those together with quickness and variety wherein can be found any resemblance or congruity, thereby to make up pleasant pictures in the fancy. Locke. 4. A person of eminent sense or knowledge; a man of genius, fancy, or humor; one distinguished for bright or amusing sayings, for repartee, and the like. In Athens, where books and wits were ever busier than in any other part of Greece, I find but only two sorts of writings which the magistrate cared to take notice of; those either blasphemous and atheistical, or libelous. Milton. Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe. L'Estrange. A wit herself, Amelia weds a wit. Young. The five wits, the five senses; also, sometimes, the five qualities or faculties, common wit, imagination, fantasy, estimation, and memory. Chaucer. Nares. But my five wits nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee. Shak. Syn. -- Ingenuity; humor; satire; sarcasm; irony; burlesque. -- Wit, Humor. Wit primarily meant mind; and now denotes the power of seizing on some thought or occurrence, and, by a sudden turn, presenting it under aspects wholly new and unexpected -- apparently natural and admissible, if not perfectly just, and bearing on the subject, or the parties concerned, with a laughable keenness and force. \"What I want,\" said a pompous orator, aiming at his antagonist, \"is common sense.\" \"Exactly!\" was the whispered reply. The pleasure we find in wit arises from the ingenuity of the turn, the sudden surprise it brings, and the patness of its application to the case, in the new and ludicrous relations thus flashed upon the view. Humor is a quality more congenial to the English mind than wit. It consists primarily in taking up the peculiarities of a humorist (or eccentric person) and drawing them out, as Addison did those of Sir Roger de Coverley, so that we enjoy a hearty, good-natured laugh at his unconscious manifestation of whims and oddities. From this original sense the term has been widened to embrace other sources of kindly mirth of the same general character. In a well-known caricature of English reserve, an Oxford student is represented as standing on the brink of a river, greatly agitated at the sight of a drowning man before him, and crying out, \"O that I had been introduced to this gentleman, that I might save his life! The, \"Silent Woman\" of Ben Jonson is one of the most humorous productions, in the original sense of the term, which we have in our language.", - "witt": null, "witted": "Having (such) a wit or understanding; as, a quick-witted boy.", "witter": null, "wittered": null, "wittering": null, "witters": null, - "wittgenstein": null, "witticism": "A witty saying; a sentence or phrase which is affectedly witty; an attempt at wit; a conceit. Milton. He is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms; all which are below the dignity of heroic verse. Addison.", "witticisms": "A witty saying; a sentence or phrase which is affectedly witty; an attempt at wit; a conceit. Milton. He is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms; all which are below the dignity of heroic verse. Addison.", "wittier": null, @@ -86761,7 +77031,6 @@ "witting": null, "wittingly": "Knowingly; with knowledge; by design.", "witty": "1. Possessed of wit; knowing; wise; skillful; judicious; clever; cunning. [Obs.] \"The deep-revolving witty Buckingham.\" Shak. 2. Especially, possessing wit or humor; good at repartee; droll; facetious; sometimes, sarcastic; as, a witty remark, poem, and the like. \"Honeycomb, who was so unmercifully witty upon the women.\" Addison. Syn. -- Acute; smart; sharp; arch; keen; facetious; amusing; humorous; satirical; ironical; taunting.", - "witwatersrand": null, "wive": "To marry, as a man; to take a wife. Wherefore we pray you hastily to wive. Chaucer.\n\n1. To match to a wife; to provide with a wife. \"An I could get me but a wife . . . I were manned, horsed, and wived.\" Shak. 2. To take for a wife; to marry. I have wived his sister. Sir W. Scott.", "wived": null, "wives": ", pl of Wife.", @@ -86774,9 +77043,6 @@ "wizened": "Dried; shriveled; withered; shrunken; weazen; as, a wizened old man.", "wk": null, "wkly": null, - "wm": null, - "wmd": null, - "wnw": null, "woad": "1. (Bot.) An herbaceous cruciferous plant (Isatis tinctoria). It was formerly cultivated for the blue coloring matter derived from its leaves. 2. A blue dyestuff, or coloring matter, consisting of the powdered and fermented leaves of the Isatis tinctoria. It is now superseded by indigo, but is somewhat used with indigo as a ferment in dyeing. Their bodies . . . painted with woad in sundry figures. Milton. Wild woad (Bot.), the weld (Reseda luteola). See Weld. -- Woad mill, a mill grinding and preparing woad.", "wobble": "See Wabble.", "wobbled": null, @@ -86786,8 +77052,6 @@ "wobbliness": null, "wobbling": null, "wobbly": null, - "wobegon": null, - "wodehouse": null, "wodge": null, "wodges": null, "woe": "1. Grief; sorrow; misery; heavy calamity. Thus saying, from her side the fatal key, Sad instrument of all our woe, she took. Milton. [They] weep each other's woe. Pope. 2. A curse; a malediction. Can there be a woe or curse in all the stores of vengeance equal to the malignity of such a practice South. Note: Woe is used in denunciation, and in exclamations of sorrow. \" Woe is me! for I am undone.\" Isa. vi. 5. O! woe were us alive [i.e., in life]. Chaucer. Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Isa. xlv. 9. Woe worth, Woe be to. See Worth, v. i. Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, That costs thy life, my gallant gray! Sir W. Scott.\n\nWoeful; sorrowful. [Obs.] His clerk was woe to do that deed. Robert of Brunne. Woe was this knight and sorrowfully he sighed. Chaucer. And looking up he waxed wondrous woe. Spenser.", @@ -86807,20 +77071,13 @@ "wold": "1. A wood; a forest. 2. A plain, or low hill; a country without wood, whether hilly or not. And from his further bank Ætolia's wolds espied. Byron. The wind that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open wold. Tennyson.\n\nSee Weld.", "wolds": "1. A wood; a forest. 2. A plain, or low hill; a country without wood, whether hilly or not. And from his further bank Ætolia's wolds espied. Byron. The wind that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open wold. Tennyson.\n\nSee Weld.", "wolf": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of wild and savage carnivores belonging to the genus Canis and closely allied to the common dog. The best-known and most destructive species are the European wolf (Canis lupus), the American gray, or timber, wolf (C. occidentalis), and the prairie wolf, or coyote. Wolves often hunt in packs, and may thus attack large animals and even man. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the destructive, and usually hairy, larvæ of several species of beetles and grain moths; as, the bee wolf. 3. Fig.: Any very ravenous, rapacious, or destructive person or thing; especially, want; starvation; as, they toiled hard to keep the wolf from the door. 4. A white worm, or maggot, which infests granaries. 5. An eating ulcer or sore. Cf. Lupus. [Obs.] If God should send a cancer upon thy face, or a wolf into thy side. Jer. Taylor. 6. (Mus.) (a) The harsh, howling sound of some of the chords on an organ or piano tuned by unequal temperament. (b) In bowed instruments, a harshness due to defective vibration in certain notes of the scale. 7. (Textile Manuf.) A willying machine. Knight. Black wolf. (Zoöl.) (a) A black variety of the European wolf which is common in the Pyrenees. (b) A black variety of the American gray wolf. -- Golden wolf (Zoöl.), the Thibetan wolf (Canis laniger); -- called also chanco. -- Indian wolf (Zoöl.), an Asiatic wolf (Canis pallipes) which somewhat resembles a jackal. Called also landgak. -- Prairie wolf (Zoöl.), the coyote. -- Sea wolf. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Strand wolf (Zoöl.) the striped hyena. -- Tasmanian wolf (Zoöl.), the zebra wolf. -- Tiger wolf (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena. -- To keep the wolf from the door, to keep away poverty; to prevent starvation. See Wolf, 3, above. Tennyson. -- Wolf dog. (Zoöl.) (a) The mastiff, or shepherd dog, of the Pyrenees, supposed by some authors to be one of the ancestors of the St. Bernard dog. (b) The Irish greyhound, supposed to have been used formerly by the Danes for chasing wolves. (c) A dog bred between a dog and a wolf, as the Eskimo dog. -- Wolf eel (Zoöl.), a wolf fish. -- Wolf fish (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, voracious marine fishes of the genus Anarrhichas, especially the common species (A. lupus) of Europe and North America. These fishes have large teeth and powerful jaws. Called also catfish, sea cat, sea wolf, stone biter, and swinefish. -- Wolf net, a kind of net used in fishing, which takes great numbers of fish. -- Wolf's peach (Bot.), the tomato, or love apple (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Wolf spider (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of running ground spiders belonging to the genus Lycosa, or family Lycosidæ. These spiders run about rapidly in search of their prey. Most of them are plain brown or blackish in color. See Illust. in App. -- Zebra wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial (Thylacinus cynocephalus) native of Tasmania; -- called also Tasmanian wolf.", - "wolfe": null, "wolfed": null, - "wolff": null, - "wolfgang": null, "wolfhound": "Originally, a large hound used in hunting wolves; now, any one of certain breeds of large dogs, some of which are nearly identical with the great Danes.", "wolfhounds": "Originally, a large hound used in hunting wolves; now, any one of certain breeds of large dogs, some of which are nearly identical with the great Danes.", "wolfing": null, "wolfish": "Like a wolf; having the qualities or form of a wolf; as, a wolfish visage; wolfish designs. -- Wolf\"ish*ly, adv. -- Wolf\"ish*ness, n.", "wolfram": "Same as Wolframite.", "wolfs": "1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of wild and savage carnivores belonging to the genus Canis and closely allied to the common dog. The best-known and most destructive species are the European wolf (Canis lupus), the American gray, or timber, wolf (C. occidentalis), and the prairie wolf, or coyote. Wolves often hunt in packs, and may thus attack large animals and even man. 2. (Zoöl.) One of the destructive, and usually hairy, larvæ of several species of beetles and grain moths; as, the bee wolf. 3. Fig.: Any very ravenous, rapacious, or destructive person or thing; especially, want; starvation; as, they toiled hard to keep the wolf from the door. 4. A white worm, or maggot, which infests granaries. 5. An eating ulcer or sore. Cf. Lupus. [Obs.] If God should send a cancer upon thy face, or a wolf into thy side. Jer. Taylor. 6. (Mus.) (a) The harsh, howling sound of some of the chords on an organ or piano tuned by unequal temperament. (b) In bowed instruments, a harshness due to defective vibration in certain notes of the scale. 7. (Textile Manuf.) A willying machine. Knight. Black wolf. (Zoöl.) (a) A black variety of the European wolf which is common in the Pyrenees. (b) A black variety of the American gray wolf. -- Golden wolf (Zoöl.), the Thibetan wolf (Canis laniger); -- called also chanco. -- Indian wolf (Zoöl.), an Asiatic wolf (Canis pallipes) which somewhat resembles a jackal. Called also landgak. -- Prairie wolf (Zoöl.), the coyote. -- Sea wolf. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Strand wolf (Zoöl.) the striped hyena. -- Tasmanian wolf (Zoöl.), the zebra wolf. -- Tiger wolf (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena. -- To keep the wolf from the door, to keep away poverty; to prevent starvation. See Wolf, 3, above. Tennyson. -- Wolf dog. (Zoöl.) (a) The mastiff, or shepherd dog, of the Pyrenees, supposed by some authors to be one of the ancestors of the St. Bernard dog. (b) The Irish greyhound, supposed to have been used formerly by the Danes for chasing wolves. (c) A dog bred between a dog and a wolf, as the Eskimo dog. -- Wolf eel (Zoöl.), a wolf fish. -- Wolf fish (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, voracious marine fishes of the genus Anarrhichas, especially the common species (A. lupus) of Europe and North America. These fishes have large teeth and powerful jaws. Called also catfish, sea cat, sea wolf, stone biter, and swinefish. -- Wolf net, a kind of net used in fishing, which takes great numbers of fish. -- Wolf's peach (Bot.), the tomato, or love apple (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Wolf spider (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of running ground spiders belonging to the genus Lycosa, or family Lycosidæ. These spiders run about rapidly in search of their prey. Most of them are plain brown or blackish in color. See Illust. in App. -- Zebra wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial (Thylacinus cynocephalus) native of Tasmania; -- called also Tasmanian wolf.", - "wollongong": null, - "wollstonecraft": null, - "wolsey": null, - "wolverhampton": null, "wolverine": "1. (Zoöl.) The glutton. 2. A nickname for an inhabitant of Michigan. [U. S.]", "wolverines": "1. (Zoöl.) The glutton. 2. A nickname for an inhabitant of Michigan. [U. S.]", "wolves": "pl. of Wolf.", @@ -86850,7 +77107,6 @@ "womenfolks": null, "won": "imp. & p. p. of Win.\n\nTo dwell or abide. [Obs. or Scot.] \" Where he wans in forest wild.\" Milton. This land where I have woned thus long. Spenser.\n\nDwelling; wone. [Obs.] Spenser.", "wonder": "1. That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation to the sight or mind of something new, unusual, strange, great, extraordinary, or not well understood; surprise; astonishment; admiration; amazement. They were filled with wonder and amazement at that which had happened unto him. Acts iii. 10. Wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance. Johnson. Note: Wonder expresses less than astonishment, and much less than amazement. It differs from admiration, as now used, in not being necessarily accompanied with love, esteem, or approbation. 2. A cause of wonder; that which excites surprise; a strange thing; a prodigy; a miracle. \" Babylon, the wonder of all tongues.\" Milton. To try things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders. Bacon. I am as a wonder unto many. Ps. lxxi. 7. Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.\n\n1. To be affected with surprise or admiration; to be struck with astonishment; to be amazed; to marvel. I could not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these diminutive mortals. Swift. We cease to wonder at what we understand. Johnson. 2. To feel doubt and curiosity; to wait with uncertain expectation; to query in the mind; as, he wondered why they came. I wonder, in my soul, What you would ask me, that I should deny. Shak.\n\nWonderful. [Obs.] Gower. After that he said a wonder thing. Chaucer.\n\nWonderfully. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "wonderbra": null, "wondered": "Having performed wonders; able to perform wonderful things. [Obs.] Shak.", "wonderful": "Adapted to excite wonder or admiration; surprising; strange; astonishing. Syn. -- Marvelous; amazing. See Marvelous. -- Won\"der*ful*ly, adv. -- Won\"der*ful*ness, n.", "wonderfully": null, @@ -86863,7 +77119,6 @@ "wonders": "See Wondrous. [Obs.] They be wonders glad thereof. Sir T. More.", "wondrous": "In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. For sylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race, Are, as when women, wondrous fond of place. Pope. And now there came both mist and snow, And it grew wondrous cold. Coleridge.\n\nWonderful; astonishing; admirable; marvelous; such as excite surprise and astonishment; strange. That I may . . . tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7. -- Won\"drous*ly, adv. -- Won\"drous*ness, n. Chloe complains, and wondrously's aggrieved. Granville.", "wondrously": null, - "wong": "A field. [Obs.] Spelman. \"Woods and wonges.\" Havelok the Dane.", "wonk": null, "wonkier": null, "wonkiest": null, @@ -86873,7 +77128,6 @@ "wonted": "Accustomed; customary; usual. Again his wonted weapon proved. Spenser. Like an old piece of furniture left alone in its wonted corner. Sir W. Scott. She was wonted to the place, and would not remove. L'Estrange.", "woo": "1. To solicit in love; to court. Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes The image he himself has wrought. Prior. 2. To court solicitously; to invite with importunity. Thee, chantress, oft the woods among I woo, to hear thy even song. Milton. I woo the wind That still delays his coming. Bryant.\n\nTo court; to make love. Dryden.", "wood": "Mad; insane; possessed; rabid; furious; frantic. [Obs.] [Written also wode.] Our hoste gan to swear as [if] he were wood. Chaucer.\n\nTo grow mad; to act like a madman; to mad. Chaucer.\n\n1. A large and thick collection of trees; a forest or grove; -- frequently used in the plural. Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak. 2. The substance of trees and the like; the hard fibrous substance which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is covered by the bark; timber. \"To worship their own work in wood and stone for gods.\" Milton. 3. (Bot.) The fibrous material which makes up the greater part of the stems and branches of trees and shrubby plants, and is found to a less extent in herbaceous stems. It consists of elongated tubular or needle-shaped cells of various kinds, usually interwoven with the shinning bands called silver grain. Note: Wood consists chiefly of the carbohydrates cellulose and lignin, which are isomeric with starch. 4. Trees cut or sawed for the fire or other uses. Wood acid, Wood vinegar (Chem.), a complex acid liquid obtained in the dry distillation of wood, and containing large quantities of acetic acid; hence, specifically, acetic acid. Formerly called pyroligneous acid. -- Wood anemone (Bot.), a delicate flower (Anemone nemorosa) of early spring; -- also called windflower. See Illust. of Anemone. -- Wood ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa) which lives in woods and forests, and constructs large nests. -- Wood apple (Bot.). See Elephant apple, under Elephant. -- Wood baboon (Zoöl.), the drill. -- Wood betony. (Bot.) (a) Same as Betony. (b) The common American lousewort (Pedicularis Canadensis), a low perennial herb with yellowish or purplish flowers. -- Wood borer. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of any one of numerous species of boring beetles, esp. elaters, longicorn beetles, buprestidans, and certain weevils. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Pine weevil, under Pine. (b) The larva of any one of various species of lepidopterous insects, especially of the clearwing moths, as the peach-tree borer (see under Peach), and of the goat moths. (c) The larva of various species of hymenopterous of the tribe Urocerata. See Tremex. (d) Any one of several bivalve shells which bore in wood, as the teredos, and species of Xylophaga. (e) Any one of several species of small Crustacea, as the Limnoria, and the boring amphipod (Chelura terebrans). -- Wood carpet, a kind of floor covering made of thin pieces of wood secured to a flexible backing, as of cloth. Knight. -- Wood cell (Bot.), a slender cylindrical or prismatic cell usually tapering to a point at both ends. It is the principal constituent of woody fiber. -- Wood choir, the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods. [Poetic] Coleridge. -- Wood coal, charcoal; also, lignite, or brown coal. -- Wood cricket (Zoöl.), a small European cricket (Nemobius sylvestris). -- Wood culver (Zoöl.), the wood pigeon. -- Wood cut, an engraving on wood; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood dove (Zoöl.), the stockdove. -- Wood drink, a decoction or infusion of medicinal woods. -- Wood duck (Zoöl.) (a) A very beautiful American duck (Aix sponsa). The male has a large crest, and its plumage is varied with green, purple, black, white, and red. It builds its nest in trees, whence the name. Called also bridal duck, summer duck, and wood widgeon. (b) The hooded merganser. (c) The Australian maned goose (Chlamydochen jubata). -- Wood echo, an echo from the wood. -- Wood engraver. (a) An engraver on wood. (b) (Zoöl.) Any of several species of small beetles whose larvæ bore beneath the bark of trees, and excavate furrows in the wood often more or less resembling coarse engravings; especially, Xyleborus xylographus. -- Wood engraving. (a) The act or art engraving on wood; xylography. (b) An engraving on wood; a wood cut; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood fern. (Bot.) See Shield fern, under Shield. -- Wood fiber. (a) (Bot.) Fibrovascular tissue. (b) Wood comminuted, and reduced to a powdery or dusty mass. -- Wood fretter (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood, or beneath the bark, of trees. -- Wood frog (Zoöl.), a common North American frog (Rana sylvatica) which lives chiefly in the woods, except during the breeding season. It is drab or yellowish brown, with a black stripe on each side of the head. -- Wood germander. (Bot.) See under Germander. -- Wood god, a fabled sylvan deity. -- Wood grass. (Bot.) See under Grass. -- Wood grouse. (Zoöl.) (a) The capercailzie. (b) The spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood guest (Zoöl.), the ringdove. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wood hen. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World short-winged rails of the genus Ocydromus, including the weka and allied species. (b) The American woodcock. -- Wood hoopoe (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World arboreal birds belonging to Irrisor and allied genera. They are closely allied to the common hoopoe, but have a curved beak, and a longer tail. -- Wood ibis (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, long- legged, wading birds belonging to the genus Tantalus. The head and neck are naked or scantily covered with feathers. The American wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) is common in Florida. -- Wood lark (Zoöl.), a small European lark (Alauda arborea), which, like, the skylark, utters its notes while on the wing. So called from its habit of perching on trees. -- Wood laurel (Bot.), a European evergreen shrub (Daphne Laureola). -- Wood leopard (Zoöl.), a European spotted moth (Zeuzera æsculi) allied to the goat moth. Its large fleshy larva bores in the wood of the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. -- Wood lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley. -- Wood lock (Naut.), a piece of wood close fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. -- Wood louse (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial isopod Crustacea belonging to Oniscus, Armadillo, and related genera. See Sow bug, under Sow, and Pill bug, under Pill. (b) Any one of several species of small, wingless, pseudoneuropterous insects of the family Psocidæ, which live in the crevices of walls and among old books and papers. Some of the species are called also book lice, and deathticks, or deathwatches. -- Wood mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small mites of the family Oribatidæ. They are found chiefly in woods, on tree trunks and stones. -- Wood mote. (Eng. Law) (a) Formerly, the forest court. (b) The court of attachment. -- Wood nettle. (Bot.) See under Nettle. -- Wood nightshade (Bot.), woody nightshade. -- Wood nut (Bot.), the filbert. -- Wood nymph. (a) A nymph inhabiting the woods; a fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad. \"The wood nymphs, decked with daisies trim.\" Milton. (b) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored moths belonging to the genus Eudryas. The larvæ are bright-colored, and some of the species, as Eudryas grata, and E. unio, feed on the leaves of the grapevine. (c) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored South American humming birds belonging to the genus Thalurania. The males are bright blue, or green and blue. -- Wood offering, wood burnt on the altar. We cast the lots . . . for the wood offering. Neh. x. 34. -- Wood oil (Bot.), a resinous oil obtained from several East Indian trees of the genus Dipterocarpus, having properties similar to those of copaiba, and sometimes substituted for it. It is also used for mixing paint. See Gurjun. -- Wood opal (Min.), a striped variety of coarse opal, having some resemblance to wood. -- Wood paper, paper made of wood pulp. See Wood pulp, below. -- Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a North American tyrant flycatcher (Contopus virens). It closely resembles the pewee, but is smaller. -- Wood pie (Zoöl.), any black and white woodpecker, especially the European great spotted woodpecker. -- Wood pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to Palumbus and allied genera of the family Columbidæ. (b) The ringdove. -- Wood puceron (Zoöl.), a plant louse. -- Wood pulp (Technol.), vegetable fiber obtained from the poplar and other white woods, and so softened by digestion with a hot solution of alkali that it can be formed into sheet paper, etc. It is now produced on an immense scale. -- Wood quail (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian crested quails belonging to Rollulus and allied genera, as the red- crested wood quail (R. roulroul), the male of which is bright green, with a long crest of red hairlike feathers. -- Wood rabbit (Zoöl.), the cottontail. -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American wild rats of the genus Neotoma found in the Southern United States; -- called also bush rat. The Florida wood rat (Neotoma Floridana) is the best-known species. -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Cinna arundinacea) growing in moist woods. -- Wood reeve, the steward or overseer of a wood. [Eng.] -- Wood rush (Bot.), any plant of the genus Luzula, differing from the true rushes of the genus Juncus chiefly in having very few seeds in each capsule. -- Wood sage (Bot.), a name given to several labiate plants of the genus Teucrium. See Germander. -- Wood screw, a metal screw formed with a sharp thread, and usually with a slotted head, for insertion in wood. -- Wood sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. -- Wood shock (Zoöl.), the fisher. See Fisher, 2. -- Wood shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World singing birds belonging to Grallina, Collyricincla, Prionops, and allied genera, common in India and Australia. They are allied to the true shrikes, but feed upon both insects and berries. -- Wood snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The American woodcock. (b) An Asiatic snipe (Gallinago nemoricola). -- Wood soot, soot from burnt wood. -- Wood sore. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), a plant of the genus Oxalis (Oxalis Acetosella), having an acid taste. See Illust. (a) of Shamrock. -- Wood spirit. (Chem.) See Methyl alcohol, under Methyl. -- Wood stamp, a carved or engraved block or stamp of wood, for impressing figures or colors on fabrics. -- Wood star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American humming birds belonging to the genus Calothorax. The male has a brilliant gorget of blue, purple, and other colors. -- Wood sucker (Zoöl.), the yaffle. -- Wood swallow (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World passerine birds belonging to the genus Artamus and allied genera of the family Artamidæ. They are common in the East Indies, Asia, and Australia. In form and habits they resemble swallows, but in structure they resemble shrikes. They are usually black above and white beneath. -- Wood tapper (Zoöl.), any woodpecker. -- Wood tar. See under Tar. -- Wood thrush, (Zoöl.) (a) An American thrush (Turdus mustelinus) noted for the sweetness of its song. See under Thrush. (b) The missel thrush. -- Wood tick. See in Vocabulary. -- Wood tin. (Min.). See Cassiterite. -- Wood titmouse (Zoöl.), the goldcgest. -- Wood tortoise (Zoöl.), the sculptured tortoise. See under Sculptured. -- Wood vine (Bot.), the white bryony. -- Wood vinegar. See Wood acid, above. -- Wood warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica. See Warbler. (b) A European warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix); -- called also green wren, wood wren, and yellow wren. -- Wood worm (Zoöl.), a larva that bores in wood; a wood borer. -- Wood wren. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood warbler. (b) The willow warbler.\n\nTo supply with wood, or get supplies of wood for; as, to wood a steamboat or a locomotive.\n\nTo take or get a supply of wood.", - "woodard": null, "woodbine": "(a) A climbing plant having flowers of great fragrance (Lonicera Periclymenum); the honeysuckle. (b) The Virginia creeper. See Virginia creeper, under Virginia. [Local, U. S.] Beatrice, who even now Is couched in the woodbine coverture. Shak.", "woodblock": null, "woodblocks": null, @@ -86897,7 +77151,6 @@ "woodenest": null, "woodenly": "Clumsily; stupidly; blockishly. R. North.", "woodenness": "Quality of being wooden; clumsiness; stupidity; blockishness. We set our faces against the woodenness which then characterized German philology. Sweet.", - "woodhull": null, "woodier": null, "woodies": null, "woodiest": null, @@ -86915,7 +77168,6 @@ "woodpeckers": "Any one of numerous species of scansorial birds belonging to Picus and many allied genera of the family Picidæ. Note: These birds have the tail feathers pointed and rigid at the tip to aid in climbing, and a strong chisellike bill with which they are able to drill holes in the bark and wood of trees in search of insect larvæ upon which most of the species feed. A few species feed partly upon the sap of trees (see Sap sucker, under Sap), others spend a portion of their time on the ground in search of ants and other insects. The most common European species are the greater spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus major), the lesser spotted woodpecker (D. minor), and the green woodpecker, or yaffle (see Yaffle). The best- known American species are the pileated woodpecker (see under Pileated), the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), which is one of the largest known species, the red-headed woodpecker, or red-head (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), the red-bellied woodpecker (M. Carolinus) (see Chab), the superciliary woodpecker (M. superciliaris), the hairy woodpecker (Dryobates villosus), the downy woodpecker (D. pubescens), the three-toed, woodpecker (Picoides Americanus), the golden-winged woodpecker (see Flicker), and the sap suckers. See also Carpintero. Woodpecker hornbill (Zoöl.), a black and white Asiatic hornbill (Buceros pica) which resembles a woodpecker in color.", "woodpile": null, "woodpiles": null, - "woodrow": null, "woods": "Mad; insane; possessed; rabid; furious; frantic. [Obs.] [Written also wode.] Our hoste gan to swear as [if] he were wood. Chaucer.\n\nTo grow mad; to act like a madman; to mad. Chaucer.\n\n1. A large and thick collection of trees; a forest or grove; -- frequently used in the plural. Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak. 2. The substance of trees and the like; the hard fibrous substance which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is covered by the bark; timber. \"To worship their own work in wood and stone for gods.\" Milton. 3. (Bot.) The fibrous material which makes up the greater part of the stems and branches of trees and shrubby plants, and is found to a less extent in herbaceous stems. It consists of elongated tubular or needle-shaped cells of various kinds, usually interwoven with the shinning bands called silver grain. Note: Wood consists chiefly of the carbohydrates cellulose and lignin, which are isomeric with starch. 4. Trees cut or sawed for the fire or other uses. Wood acid, Wood vinegar (Chem.), a complex acid liquid obtained in the dry distillation of wood, and containing large quantities of acetic acid; hence, specifically, acetic acid. Formerly called pyroligneous acid. -- Wood anemone (Bot.), a delicate flower (Anemone nemorosa) of early spring; -- also called windflower. See Illust. of Anemone. -- Wood ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa) which lives in woods and forests, and constructs large nests. -- Wood apple (Bot.). See Elephant apple, under Elephant. -- Wood baboon (Zoöl.), the drill. -- Wood betony. (Bot.) (a) Same as Betony. (b) The common American lousewort (Pedicularis Canadensis), a low perennial herb with yellowish or purplish flowers. -- Wood borer. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of any one of numerous species of boring beetles, esp. elaters, longicorn beetles, buprestidans, and certain weevils. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Pine weevil, under Pine. (b) The larva of any one of various species of lepidopterous insects, especially of the clearwing moths, as the peach-tree borer (see under Peach), and of the goat moths. (c) The larva of various species of hymenopterous of the tribe Urocerata. See Tremex. (d) Any one of several bivalve shells which bore in wood, as the teredos, and species of Xylophaga. (e) Any one of several species of small Crustacea, as the Limnoria, and the boring amphipod (Chelura terebrans). -- Wood carpet, a kind of floor covering made of thin pieces of wood secured to a flexible backing, as of cloth. Knight. -- Wood cell (Bot.), a slender cylindrical or prismatic cell usually tapering to a point at both ends. It is the principal constituent of woody fiber. -- Wood choir, the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods. [Poetic] Coleridge. -- Wood coal, charcoal; also, lignite, or brown coal. -- Wood cricket (Zoöl.), a small European cricket (Nemobius sylvestris). -- Wood culver (Zoöl.), the wood pigeon. -- Wood cut, an engraving on wood; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood dove (Zoöl.), the stockdove. -- Wood drink, a decoction or infusion of medicinal woods. -- Wood duck (Zoöl.) (a) A very beautiful American duck (Aix sponsa). The male has a large crest, and its plumage is varied with green, purple, black, white, and red. It builds its nest in trees, whence the name. Called also bridal duck, summer duck, and wood widgeon. (b) The hooded merganser. (c) The Australian maned goose (Chlamydochen jubata). -- Wood echo, an echo from the wood. -- Wood engraver. (a) An engraver on wood. (b) (Zoöl.) Any of several species of small beetles whose larvæ bore beneath the bark of trees, and excavate furrows in the wood often more or less resembling coarse engravings; especially, Xyleborus xylographus. -- Wood engraving. (a) The act or art engraving on wood; xylography. (b) An engraving on wood; a wood cut; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood fern. (Bot.) See Shield fern, under Shield. -- Wood fiber. (a) (Bot.) Fibrovascular tissue. (b) Wood comminuted, and reduced to a powdery or dusty mass. -- Wood fretter (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood, or beneath the bark, of trees. -- Wood frog (Zoöl.), a common North American frog (Rana sylvatica) which lives chiefly in the woods, except during the breeding season. It is drab or yellowish brown, with a black stripe on each side of the head. -- Wood germander. (Bot.) See under Germander. -- Wood god, a fabled sylvan deity. -- Wood grass. (Bot.) See under Grass. -- Wood grouse. (Zoöl.) (a) The capercailzie. (b) The spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood guest (Zoöl.), the ringdove. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wood hen. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World short-winged rails of the genus Ocydromus, including the weka and allied species. (b) The American woodcock. -- Wood hoopoe (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World arboreal birds belonging to Irrisor and allied genera. They are closely allied to the common hoopoe, but have a curved beak, and a longer tail. -- Wood ibis (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, long- legged, wading birds belonging to the genus Tantalus. The head and neck are naked or scantily covered with feathers. The American wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) is common in Florida. -- Wood lark (Zoöl.), a small European lark (Alauda arborea), which, like, the skylark, utters its notes while on the wing. So called from its habit of perching on trees. -- Wood laurel (Bot.), a European evergreen shrub (Daphne Laureola). -- Wood leopard (Zoöl.), a European spotted moth (Zeuzera æsculi) allied to the goat moth. Its large fleshy larva bores in the wood of the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. -- Wood lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley. -- Wood lock (Naut.), a piece of wood close fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. -- Wood louse (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial isopod Crustacea belonging to Oniscus, Armadillo, and related genera. See Sow bug, under Sow, and Pill bug, under Pill. (b) Any one of several species of small, wingless, pseudoneuropterous insects of the family Psocidæ, which live in the crevices of walls and among old books and papers. Some of the species are called also book lice, and deathticks, or deathwatches. -- Wood mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous small mites of the family Oribatidæ. They are found chiefly in woods, on tree trunks and stones. -- Wood mote. (Eng. Law) (a) Formerly, the forest court. (b) The court of attachment. -- Wood nettle. (Bot.) See under Nettle. -- Wood nightshade (Bot.), woody nightshade. -- Wood nut (Bot.), the filbert. -- Wood nymph. (a) A nymph inhabiting the woods; a fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad. \"The wood nymphs, decked with daisies trim.\" Milton. (b) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored moths belonging to the genus Eudryas. The larvæ are bright-colored, and some of the species, as Eudryas grata, and E. unio, feed on the leaves of the grapevine. (c) (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored South American humming birds belonging to the genus Thalurania. The males are bright blue, or green and blue. -- Wood offering, wood burnt on the altar. We cast the lots . . . for the wood offering. Neh. x. 34. -- Wood oil (Bot.), a resinous oil obtained from several East Indian trees of the genus Dipterocarpus, having properties similar to those of copaiba, and sometimes substituted for it. It is also used for mixing paint. See Gurjun. -- Wood opal (Min.), a striped variety of coarse opal, having some resemblance to wood. -- Wood paper, paper made of wood pulp. See Wood pulp, below. -- Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a North American tyrant flycatcher (Contopus virens). It closely resembles the pewee, but is smaller. -- Wood pie (Zoöl.), any black and white woodpecker, especially the European great spotted woodpecker. -- Wood pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to Palumbus and allied genera of the family Columbidæ. (b) The ringdove. -- Wood puceron (Zoöl.), a plant louse. -- Wood pulp (Technol.), vegetable fiber obtained from the poplar and other white woods, and so softened by digestion with a hot solution of alkali that it can be formed into sheet paper, etc. It is now produced on an immense scale. -- Wood quail (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian crested quails belonging to Rollulus and allied genera, as the red- crested wood quail (R. roulroul), the male of which is bright green, with a long crest of red hairlike feathers. -- Wood rabbit (Zoöl.), the cottontail. -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American wild rats of the genus Neotoma found in the Southern United States; -- called also bush rat. The Florida wood rat (Neotoma Floridana) is the best-known species. -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Cinna arundinacea) growing in moist woods. -- Wood reeve, the steward or overseer of a wood. [Eng.] -- Wood rush (Bot.), any plant of the genus Luzula, differing from the true rushes of the genus Juncus chiefly in having very few seeds in each capsule. -- Wood sage (Bot.), a name given to several labiate plants of the genus Teucrium. See Germander. -- Wood screw, a metal screw formed with a sharp thread, and usually with a slotted head, for insertion in wood. -- Wood sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. -- Wood shock (Zoöl.), the fisher. See Fisher, 2. -- Wood shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World singing birds belonging to Grallina, Collyricincla, Prionops, and allied genera, common in India and Australia. They are allied to the true shrikes, but feed upon both insects and berries. -- Wood snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The American woodcock. (b) An Asiatic snipe (Gallinago nemoricola). -- Wood soot, soot from burnt wood. -- Wood sore. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), a plant of the genus Oxalis (Oxalis Acetosella), having an acid taste. See Illust. (a) of Shamrock. -- Wood spirit. (Chem.) See Methyl alcohol, under Methyl. -- Wood stamp, a carved or engraved block or stamp of wood, for impressing figures or colors on fabrics. -- Wood star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American humming birds belonging to the genus Calothorax. The male has a brilliant gorget of blue, purple, and other colors. -- Wood sucker (Zoöl.), the yaffle. -- Wood swallow (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World passerine birds belonging to the genus Artamus and allied genera of the family Artamidæ. They are common in the East Indies, Asia, and Australia. In form and habits they resemble swallows, but in structure they resemble shrikes. They are usually black above and white beneath. -- Wood tapper (Zoöl.), any woodpecker. -- Wood tar. See under Tar. -- Wood thrush, (Zoöl.) (a) An American thrush (Turdus mustelinus) noted for the sweetness of its song. See under Thrush. (b) The missel thrush. -- Wood tick. See in Vocabulary. -- Wood tin. (Min.). See Cassiterite. -- Wood titmouse (Zoöl.), the goldcgest. -- Wood tortoise (Zoöl.), the sculptured tortoise. See under Sculptured. -- Wood vine (Bot.), the white bryony. -- Wood vinegar. See Wood acid, above. -- Wood warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica. See Warbler. (b) A European warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix); -- called also green wren, wood wren, and yellow wren. -- Wood worm (Zoöl.), a larva that bores in wood; a wood borer. -- Wood wren. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood warbler. (b) The willow warbler.\n\nTo supply with wood, or get supplies of wood for; as, to wood a steamboat or a locomotive.\n\nTo take or get a supply of wood.", "woodshed": null, "woodsheds": null, @@ -86924,9 +77176,7 @@ "woodsiness": null, "woodsman": "A woodman; especially, one who lives in the forest. WOOD'S METAL Wood's\" met\"al. A fusible alloy consisting of one or two parts of cadmium, two parts of tin, four of lead, with seven or eight part of bismuth. It melts at from 66º to 71º C. See Fusible metal, under Fusible.", "woodsmen": null, - "woodstock": null, "woodsy": "Of or pertaining to the woods or forest. [Colloq. U. S.] It [sugar making] is woodsy, and savors of trees. J. Burroughs.", - "woodward": "An officer of the forest, whose duty it was to guard the woods.", "woodwind": null, "woodwinds": null, "woodwork": "Work made of wood; that part of any structure which is wrought of wood.", @@ -86949,20 +77199,14 @@ "wool": "1. The soft and curled, or crisped, species of hair which grows on sheep and some other animals, and which in fineness sometimes approaches to fur; -- chiefly applied to the fleecy coat of the sheep, which constitutes a most essential material of clothing in all cold and temperate climates. Note: Wool consists essentially of keratin. 2. Short, thick hair, especially when crisped or curled. Wool of bat and tongue of dog. Shak. 3. (Bot.) A sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling hairs on the surface of certain plants. Dead pulled wool, wool pulled from a carcass. -- Mineral wool. See under Mineral. -- Philosopher's wool. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, under Zinc. -- Pulled wool, wool pulled from a pelt, or undressed hide. -- Slag wool. Same as Mineral wool, under Mineral. -- Wool ball, a ball or mass of wool. -- Wool burler, one who removes little burs, knots, or extraneous matter, from wool, or the surface of woolen cloth. -- Wool comber. (a) One whose occupation is to comb wool. (b) A machine for combing wool. -- Wool grass (Bot.), a kind of bulrush (Scirpus Eriophorum) with numerous clustered woolly spikes. -- Wool scribbler. See Woolen scribbler, under Woolen, a. -- Wool sorter's disease (Med.), a disease, resembling malignant pustule, occurring among those who handle the wool of goats and sheep. -- Wool staple, a city or town where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale. [Eng.] -- Wool stapler. (a) One who deals in wool. (b) One who sorts wool according to its staple, or its adaptation to different manufacturing purposes. -- Wool winder, a person employed to wind, or make up, wool into bundles to be packed for sale.", "woolen": "1. Made of wool; consisting of wool; as, woolen goods. 2. Of or pertaining to wool or woolen cloths; as, woolen manufactures; a woolen mill; a woolen draper. Woolen scribbler, a machine for combing or preparing wool in thin, downy, translucent layers.\n\nCloth made of wool; woollen goods.", "woolens": "1. Made of wool; consisting of wool; as, woolen goods. 2. Of or pertaining to wool or woolen cloths; as, woolen manufactures; a woolen mill; a woolen draper. Woolen scribbler, a machine for combing or preparing wool in thin, downy, translucent layers.\n\nCloth made of wool; woollen goods.", - "woolf": null, "woolgathering": "Indulging in a vagrant or idle exercise of the imagination; roaming upon a fruitless quest; idly fanciful.\n\nIndulgence in idle imagination; a foolish or useless pursuit or design. His wits were a woolgathering, as they say. Burton.", "wooliness": null, - "woolite": null, "woollier": null, "woollies": null, "woolliest": null, "woolliness": "The quality or state of being woolly.", "woolly": "1. Consisting of wool; as, a woolly covering; a woolly fleece. 2. Resembling wool; of the nature of wool. \"My fleece of woolly hair.\" Shak. 3. Clothed with wool. \"Woolly breeders.\" Shak. 4. (Bot.) Clothed with a fine, curly pubescence resembling wool. Woolly bear (Zoöl.), the hairy larva of several species of bombycid moths. The most common species in the United States are the salt-marsh caterpillar (see under Salt), the black and red woolly bear, or larva of the Isabella moth (see Illust., under Isabella Moth), and the yellow woolly bear, or larva of the American ermine moth (Spilosoma Virginica). -- Woolly butt (Bot.), an Australian tree (Eucalyptus longifolia), so named because of its fibrous bark. -- Woolly louse (Zoöl.), a plant louse (Schizoneura, or Erisoma, lanigera) which is often very injurious to the apple tree. It is covered with a dense coat of white filaments somewhat resembling fine wool or cotton. In exists in two forms, one of which infests the roots, the other the branches. See Illust. under Blight. -- Woolly macaco (Zoöl.), the mongoose lemur. -- Woolly maki (Zoöl.), a long-tailed lemur (Indris laniger) native of Madagascar, having fur somewhat like wool; -- called also avahi, and woolly lemur. -- Woolly monkey (Zoöl.), any South American monkey of the genus Lagothrix, as the caparro. -- Woolly rhinoceros (Paleon.), an extinct rhinoceros (Rhinoceros tichorhinus) which inhabited the arctic regions, and was covered with a dense coat of woolly hair. It has been found frozen in the ice of Siberia, with the flesh and hair well preserved.", - "woolongong": null, - "woolworth": null, "woos": "1. To solicit in love; to court. Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes The image he himself has wrought. Prior. 2. To court solicitously; to invite with importunity. Thee, chantress, oft the woods among I woo, to hear thy even song. Milton. I woo the wind That still delays his coming. Bryant.\n\nTo court; to make love. Dryden.", - "wooster": null, - "wooten": null, "woozier": null, "wooziest": null, "woozily": null, @@ -86970,9 +77214,6 @@ "woozy": null, "wop": null, "wops": null, - "worcester": null, - "worcesters": null, - "worcestershire": null, "word": "1. The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a sentence; a term; a vocable. \"A glutton of words.\" Piers Plowman. You cram these words into mine ears, against The stomach of my sense. Shak. Amongst men who confound their ideas with words, there must be endless disputes. Locke. 2. Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page. 3. pl. Talk; discourse; speech; language. Why should calamity be full of words Shak. Be thy words severe; Sharp as he merits, but the sword forbear. Dryden. 4. Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used only in the singular. I pray you . . . bring me word thither How the world goes. Shak. 5. Signal; order; command; direction. Give the word through. Shak. 6. Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise. Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly. Shak. I know you brave, and take you at your word. Dryden. I desire not the reader should take my word. Dryden. 7. pl. Verbal contention; dispute. Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. Shak. 8. A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or short sentence. All the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Gal. v. 14. She said; but at the happy word \"he lives,\" My father stooped, re- fathered, o'er my wound. Tennyson. There is only one other point on which I offer a word of remark. Dickens. By word of mouth, orally; by actual speaking. Boyle. -- Compound word. See under Compound, a. -- Good word, commendation; favorable account. \"And gave the harmless fellow a good word.\" Pope. -- In a word, briefly; to sum up. -- In word, in declaration; in profession. \"Let us not love in word, . . . but in deed and in truth.\" 1 John iii. 8. -- Nuns of the Word Incarnate (R. C. Ch.), an order of nuns founded in France in 1625, and approved in 1638. The order, which also exists in the United States, was instituted for the purpose of doing honor to the \"Mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God.\" -- The word, or The Word. (Theol.) (a) The gospel message; esp., the Scriptures, as a revelation of God. \"Bold to speak the word without fear.\" Phil. i. 14. (b) The second person in the Trinity before his manifestation in time by the incarnation; among those who reject a Trinity of persons, some one or all of the divine attributes personified. John i. 1. -- To eat one's words, to retract what has been said. -- To have the words for, to speak for; to act as spokesman. [Obs.] \"Our host hadde the wordes for us all.\" Chaucer. -- Word blindness (Physiol.), inability to understand printed or written words or symbols, although the person affected may be able to see quite well, speak fluently, and write correctly. Landois & Stirling. -- Word deafness (Physiol.), inability to understand spoken words, though the person affected may hear them and other sounds, and hence is not deaf. -- Word dumbness (Physiol.), inability to express ideas in verbal language, though the power of speech is unimpaired. -- Word for word, in the exact words; verbatim; literally; exactly; as, to repeat anything word for word. -- Word painting, the act of describing an object fully and vividly by words only, so as to present it clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word picture, an accurate and vivid description, which presents an object clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word square, a series of words so arranged that they can be read vertically and horizontally with like results. Syn. -- See Term.\n\nTo use words, as in discussion; to argue; to dispute. [R.]\n\n1. To express in words; to phrase. The apology for the king is the same, but worded with greater deference to that great prince. Addison. 2. To ply with words; also, to cause to be by the use of a word or words. [Obs.] Howell. 3. To flatter with words; to cajole. [Obs.] Shak. To word it, to bandy words; to dispute. [Obs.] \"To word it with a shrew.\" L'Estrange.", "wordage": null, "wordbook": "A collection of words; a vocabulary; a dictionary; a lexicon.", @@ -86987,11 +77228,9 @@ "wordless": "Not using words; not speaking; silent; speechless. Shak.", "wordlessly": null, "wordplay": "A more or less subtle playing upon the meaning of words.", - "wordpress": null, "words": "1. The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a sentence; a term; a vocable. \"A glutton of words.\" Piers Plowman. You cram these words into mine ears, against The stomach of my sense. Shak. Amongst men who confound their ideas with words, there must be endless disputes. Locke. 2. Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page. 3. pl. Talk; discourse; speech; language. Why should calamity be full of words Shak. Be thy words severe; Sharp as he merits, but the sword forbear. Dryden. 4. Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used only in the singular. I pray you . . . bring me word thither How the world goes. Shak. 5. Signal; order; command; direction. Give the word through. Shak. 6. Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise. Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly. Shak. I know you brave, and take you at your word. Dryden. I desire not the reader should take my word. Dryden. 7. pl. Verbal contention; dispute. Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. Shak. 8. A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or short sentence. All the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Gal. v. 14. She said; but at the happy word \"he lives,\" My father stooped, re- fathered, o'er my wound. Tennyson. There is only one other point on which I offer a word of remark. Dickens. By word of mouth, orally; by actual speaking. Boyle. -- Compound word. See under Compound, a. -- Good word, commendation; favorable account. \"And gave the harmless fellow a good word.\" Pope. -- In a word, briefly; to sum up. -- In word, in declaration; in profession. \"Let us not love in word, . . . but in deed and in truth.\" 1 John iii. 8. -- Nuns of the Word Incarnate (R. C. Ch.), an order of nuns founded in France in 1625, and approved in 1638. The order, which also exists in the United States, was instituted for the purpose of doing honor to the \"Mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God.\" -- The word, or The Word. (Theol.) (a) The gospel message; esp., the Scriptures, as a revelation of God. \"Bold to speak the word without fear.\" Phil. i. 14. (b) The second person in the Trinity before his manifestation in time by the incarnation; among those who reject a Trinity of persons, some one or all of the divine attributes personified. John i. 1. -- To eat one's words, to retract what has been said. -- To have the words for, to speak for; to act as spokesman. [Obs.] \"Our host hadde the wordes for us all.\" Chaucer. -- Word blindness (Physiol.), inability to understand printed or written words or symbols, although the person affected may be able to see quite well, speak fluently, and write correctly. Landois & Stirling. -- Word deafness (Physiol.), inability to understand spoken words, though the person affected may hear them and other sounds, and hence is not deaf. -- Word dumbness (Physiol.), inability to express ideas in verbal language, though the power of speech is unimpaired. -- Word for word, in the exact words; verbatim; literally; exactly; as, to repeat anything word for word. -- Word painting, the act of describing an object fully and vividly by words only, so as to present it clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word picture, an accurate and vivid description, which presents an object clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word square, a series of words so arranged that they can be read vertically and horizontally with like results. Syn. -- See Term.\n\nTo use words, as in discussion; to argue; to dispute. [R.]\n\n1. To express in words; to phrase. The apology for the king is the same, but worded with greater deference to that great prince. Addison. 2. To ply with words; also, to cause to be by the use of a word or words. [Obs.] Howell. 3. To flatter with words; to cajole. [Obs.] Shak. To word it, to bandy words; to dispute. [Obs.] \"To word it with a shrew.\" L'Estrange.", "wordsmith": null, "wordsmiths": null, - "wordsworth": null, "wordy": "1. Of or pertaining to words; consisting of words; verbal; as, a wordy war. Cowper. 2. Using many words; verbose; as, a wordy speaker. 3. Containing many words; full of words. We need not lavish hours in wordy periods. Philips.", "wore": "imp. of Wear.\n\nimp. of Ware.", "work": "1. Exertion of strength or faculties; physical or intellectual effort directed to an end; industrial activity; toil; employment; sometimes, specifically, physically labor. Man hath his daily work of body or mind Appointed. Milton. 2. The matter on which one is at work; that upon which one spends labor; material for working upon; subject of exertion; the thing occupying one; business; duty; as, to take up one's work; to drop one's work. Come on, Nerissa; I have work in hand That you yet know not of. Shak. In every work that he began . . . he did it with all his heart, and prospered. 2 Chron. xxxi. 21. 3. That which is produced as the result of labor; anything accomplished by exertion or toil; product; performance; fabric; manufacture; in a more general sense, act, deed, service, effect, result, achievement, feat. To leave no rubs or blotches in the work. Shak. The work some praise, And some the architect. Milton. Fancy . . . Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams. Milton. The composition or dissolution of mixed bodies . . . is the chief work of elements. Sir K. Digby. 4. Specifically: (a) That which is produced by mental labor; a composition; a book; as, a work, or the works, of Addison. (b) Flowers, figures, or the like, wrought with the needle; embroidery. I am glad I have found this napkin; . . . I'll have the work ta'en out, And give 't Iago. Shak. (c) pl. Structures in civil, military, or naval engineering, as docks, bridges, embankments, trenches, fortifications, and the like; also, the structures and grounds of a manufacturing establishment; as, iron works; locomotive works; gas works. (d) pl. The moving parts of a mechanism; as, the works of a watch. 5. Manner of working; management; treatment; as, unskillful work spoiled the effect. Bp. Stillingfleet. 6. (Mech.) The causing of motion against a resisting force. The amount of work is proportioned to, and is measured by, the product of the force into the amount of motion along the direction of the force. See Conservation of energy, under Conservation, Unit of work, under Unit, also Foot pound, Horse power, Poundal, and Erg. Energy is the capacity of doing work . . . Work is the transference of energy from one system to another. Clerk Maxwell. 7. (Mining) Ore before it is dressed. Raymond. 8. pl. (Script.) Performance of moral duties; righteous conduct. He shall reward every man according to his works. Matt. xvi. 27. Faith, if it hath not works, is dead. James ii. 17. Muscular work (Physiol.), the work done by a muscle through the power of contraction. -- To go to work, to begin laboring; to commence operations; to contrive; to manage. \"I 'll go another way to work with him.\" Shak. -- To set on work, to cause to begin laboring; to set to work. [Obs.] Hooker. -- To set to work, to employ; to cause to engage in any business or labor.\n\n1. To exert one's self for a purpose; to put forth effort for the attainment of an object; to labor; to be engaged in the performance of a task, a duty, or the like. O thou good Kent, how shall I live and work, To match thy goodness Shak. Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you. Ex. v. 18. Whether we work or play, or sleep or wake, Our life doth pass. Sir J. Davies. 2. Hence, in a general sense, to operate; to act; to perform; as, a machine works well. We bend to that the working of the heart. Shak. 3. Hence, figuratively, to be effective; to have effect or influence; to conduce. We know that all things work together for good to them that love God. Rom. viii. 28. This so wrought upon the child, that afterwards he desired to be taught. Locke. She marveled how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him. Hawthorne. 4. To carry on business; to be engaged or employed customarily; to perform the part of a laborer; to labor; to toil. They that work in fine flax . . . shall be confounded. Isa. xix. 9. 5. To be in a state of severe exertion, or as if in such a state; to be tossed or agitated; to move heavily; to strain; to labor; as, a ship works in a heavy sea. Confused with working sands and rolling waves. Addison. 6. To make one's way slowly and with difficulty; to move or penetrate laboriously; to proceed with effort; -- with a following preposition, as down, out, into, up, through, and the like; as, scheme works out by degrees; to work into the earth. Till body up to spirit work, in bounds Proportioned to each kind. Milton. 7. To ferment, as a liquid. The working of beer when the barm is put in. Bacon. 8. To act or operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic. Purges . . . work best, that is, cause the blood so to do, . . . in warm weather or in a warm room. Grew. To work at, to be engaged in or upon; to be employed in. -- To work to windward (Naut.), to sail or ply against the wind; to tack to windward. Mar. Dict.\n\n1. To labor or operate upon; to give exertion and effort to; to prepare for use, or to utilize, by labor. He could have told them of two or three gold mines, and a silver mine, and given the reason why they forbare to work them at that time. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. To produce or form by labor; to bring forth by exertion or toil; to accomplish; to originate; to effect; as, to work wood or iron into a form desired, or into a utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth. Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill. Harte. 3. To produce by slow degrees, or as if laboriously; to bring gradually into any state by action or motion. \"Sidelong he works his way.\" Milton. So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains Of rushing torrents and descending rains, Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines, Till by degrees the floating mirror shines. Addison. 4. To influence by acting upon; to prevail upon; to manage; to lead. \"Work your royal father to his ruin.\" Philips. 5. To form with a needle and thread or yarn; especially, to embroider; as, to work muslin. 6. To set in motion or action; to direct the action of; to keep at work; to govern; to manage; as, to work a machine. Knowledge in building and working ships. Arbuthnot. Now, Marcus, thy virtue's the proof; Put forth thy utmost strength, work every nerve. Addison. The mariners all 'gan work the ropes, Where they were wont to do. Coleridge. 7. To cause to ferment, as liquor. To work a passage (Naut.), to pay for a passage by doing work. -- To work double tides (Naut.), to perform the labor of three days in two; -- a phrase which alludes to a practice of working by the night tide as well as by the day. -- To work in, to insert, introduce, mingle, or interweave by labor or skill. -- To work into, to force, urge, or insinuate into; as, to work one's self into favor or confidence. -- To work off, to remove gradually, as by labor, or a gradual process; as, beer works off impurities in fermenting. -- To work out. (a) To effect by labor and exertion. \"Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.\" Phil. ii. 12. (b) To erase; to efface. [R.] Tears of joy for your returning spilt, Work out and expiate our former guilt. Dryden. (c) To solve, as a problem. (d) To exhaust, as a mine, by working. -- To work up. (a) To raise; to excite; to stir up; as, to work up the passions to rage. The sun, that rolls his chariot o'er their heads, Works up more fire and color in their cheeks. Addison. (b) To expend in any work, as materials; as, they have worked up all the stock. (c) (Naut.) To make over or into something else, as yarns drawn from old rigging, made into spun yarn, foxes, sennit, and the like; also, to keep constantly at work upon needless matters, as a crew in order to punish them. R. H. Dana, Jr.", @@ -87121,7 +77360,6 @@ "worthwhile": "Worth the time or effort spent. See worth while. worthy. -- worthwhileness.", "worthy": "1. Having worth or excellence; possessing merit; valuable; deserving; estimable; excellent; virtuous. Full worthy was he in his lordes war. Chaucer. These banished men that I have kept withal Are men endued with worthy qualities. Shak. Happier thou mayst be, worthier canst not be. Milton. This worthy mind should worthy things embrace. Sir J. Davies. 2. Having suitable, adapted, or equivalent qualities or value; -- usually with of before the thing compared or the object; more rarely, with a following infinitive instead of of, or with that; as, worthy of, equal in excellence, value, or dignity to; entitled to; meriting; -- usually in a good sense, but sometimes in a bad one. No, Warwick, thou art worthy of the sway. Shak. The merciless Macdonwald, Worthy to be a rebel. Shak. Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear. Matt. iii. 11. And thou art worthy that thou shouldst not know More happiness. Milton. The lodging is well worthy of the guest. Dryden. 3. Of high station; of high social position. [Obs.] Worthy women of the town. Chaucer. Worthiest of blood (Eng. Law of Descent), most worthy of those of the same blood to succeed or inherit; -- applied to males, and expressive of the preference given them over females. Burrill.\n\nA man of eminent worth or value; one distinguished for useful and estimable qualities; a person of conspicuous desert; -- much used in the plural; as, the worthies of the church; political worthies; military worthies. The blood of ancient worthies in his veins. Cowper.\n\nTo render worthy; to exalt into a hero. [Obs.] Shak.", "wot": "1st & 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. See the Note under Wit, v. [Obs.] Brethren, I wot that through ignorance ye did it. Acts iii. 17.", - "wotan": null, "wotcha": null, "would": "Commonly used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past tense or in the conditional or optative present. See 2d & 3d Will. Note: Would was formerly used also as the past participle of Will. Right as our Lord hath would. Chaucer.\n\nSee 2d Weld.", "woulds": "Commonly used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past tense or in the conditional or optative present. See 2d & 3d Will. Note: Would was formerly used also as the past participle of Will. Right as our Lord hath would. Chaucer.\n\nSee 2d Weld.", @@ -87133,14 +77371,10 @@ "wounds": "imp. & p. p. of Wind to twist, and Wind to sound by blowing.\n\n1. A hurt or injury caused by violence; specifically, a breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or in the substance of any creature or living thing; a cut, stab, rent, or the like. Chaucer. Showers of blood Rained from the wounds of slaughtered Englishmen. Shak. 2. Fig.: An injury, hurt, damage, detriment, or the like, to feeling, faculty, reputation, etc. 3. (Criminal Law) An injury to the person by which the skin is divided, or its continuity broken; a lesion of the body, involving some solution of continuity. Note: Walker condemns the pronunciation woond as a \"capricious novelty.\" It is certainly opposed to an important principle of our language, namely, that the Old English long sound written ou, and pronounced like French ou or modern English oo, has regularly changed, when accented, into the diphthongal sound usually written with the same letters ou in modern English, as in ground, hound, round, sound. The use of ou in Old English to represent the sound of modern English oo was borrowed from the French, and replaced the older and Anglo-Saxon spelling with u. It makes no difference whether the word was taken from the French or not, provided it is old enough in English to have suffered this change to what is now the common sound of ou; but words taken from the French at a later time, or influenced by French, may have the French sound. Wound gall (Zoöl.), an elongated swollen or tuberous gall on the branches of the grapevine, caused by a small reddish brown weevil (Ampeloglypter sesostris) whose larvæ inhabit the galls.\n\n1. To hurt by violence; to produce a breach, or separation of parts, in, as by a cut, stab, blow, or the like. The archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers. 1 Sam. xxxi. 3. 2. To hurt the feelings of; to pain by disrespect, ingratitude, or the like; to cause injury to. When ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ. 1 Cor. viii. 12.", "wove": "p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.", "woven": "p. p. of Weave. Woven paper, or Wove paper, writing paper having an even, uniform surface, without watermarks.", - "wovoka": null, "wow": null, "wowed": null, "wowing": null, "wows": null, - "wozniak": null, - "wozzeck": null, - "wp": null, "wpm": null, "wrack": "A thin, flying cloud; a rack.\n\nTo rack; to torment. [R.]\n\n1. Wreck; ruin; destruction. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"A world devote to universal wrack.\" Milton. wrack and ruin 2. Any marine vegetation cast up on the shore, especially plants of the genera Fucus, Laminaria, and Zostera, which are most abundant on northern shores. 3. (Bot.) Coarse seaweed of any kind. Wrack grass, or Grass wrack (Bot.), eelgrass.\n\nTo wreck. [Obs.] Dryden.", "wracked": null, @@ -87148,7 +77382,6 @@ "wracks": "A thin, flying cloud; a rack.\n\nTo rack; to torment. [R.]\n\n1. Wreck; ruin; destruction. [Obs.] Chaucer. \"A world devote to universal wrack.\" Milton. wrack and ruin 2. Any marine vegetation cast up on the shore, especially plants of the genera Fucus, Laminaria, and Zostera, which are most abundant on northern shores. 3. (Bot.) Coarse seaweed of any kind. Wrack grass, or Grass wrack (Bot.), eelgrass.\n\nTo wreck. [Obs.] Dryden.", "wraith": "1. An apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen before death, or a little after; hence, an apparition; a specter; a vision; an unreal image. [Scot.] She was uncertain if it were the gypsy or her wraith. Sir W. Scott. O, hollow wraith of dying fame. Tennyson. 2. Sometimes, improperly, a spirit thought to preside over the waters; -- called also water wraith. M. G. Lewis.", "wraiths": "1. An apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen before death, or a little after; hence, an apparition; a specter; a vision; an unreal image. [Scot.] She was uncertain if it were the gypsy or her wraith. Sir W. Scott. O, hollow wraith of dying fame. Tennyson. 2. Sometimes, improperly, a spirit thought to preside over the waters; -- called also water wraith. M. G. Lewis.", - "wrangell": null, "wrangle": "1. To argue; to debate; to dispute. [Obs.] 2. To dispute angrily; to quarrel peevishly and noisily; to brawl; to altercate. \"In spite of occasional wranglings.\" Macaulay. For a score of kingdoms you should wrangle. Shak. He did not know what it was to wrangle on indifferent points. Addison.\n\nTo involve in a quarrel or dispute; to embroil. [R.] Bp. Sanderson.\n\nAn angry dispute; a noisy quarrel; a squabble; an altercation. Syn. -- Altercation; bickering; brawl; jar; jangle; contest; controversy. See Altercation.", "wrangled": null, "wrangler": "1. An angry disputant; one who disputes with heat or peevishness. \"Noisy and contentious wranglers.\" I. Watts. 2. One of those who stand in the first rank of honors in the University of Cambridge, England. They are called, according to their rank, senior wrangler, second wrangler, third wrangler, etc. Cf. Optime.", @@ -87219,7 +77452,6 @@ "wriggly": null, "wright": "One who is engaged in a mechanical or manufacturing business; an artificer; a workman; a manufacturer; a mechanic; esp., a worker in wood; -- now chiefly used in compounds, as in millwright, wheelwright, etc. He was a well good wright, a carpenter. Chaucer.", "wrights": "One who is engaged in a mechanical or manufacturing business; an artificer; a workman; a manufacturer; a mechanic; esp., a worker in wood; -- now chiefly used in compounds, as in millwright, wheelwright, etc. He was a well good wright, a carpenter. Chaucer.", - "wrigley": null, "wring": "1. To twist and compress; to turn and strain with violence; to writhe; to squeeze hard; to pinch; as, to wring clothes in washing. \"Earnestly wringing Waverley's hand.\" Sir W. Scott. \"Wring him by the nose.\" Shak. [His steed] so sweat that men might him wring. Chaucer. The king began to find where his shoe did wring him. Bacon. The priest shall bring it [a dove] unto the altar, and wring off his head. Lev. i. 15. 2. Hence, to pain; to distress; to torment; to torture. Too much grieved and wrung by an uneasy and strait fortune. Clarendon. Didst thou taste but half the griefs That wring my soul, thou couldst not talk thus coldly. Addison. 3. To distort; to pervert; to wrest. How dare men thus wring the Scriptures Whitgift. 4. To extract or obtain by twisting and compressing; to squeeze or press (out); hence, to extort; to draw forth by violence, or against resistance or repugnance; -- usually with out or form. Your overkindness doth wring tears from me. Shak. He rose up early on the morrow, and thrust the fleece together, and wringed the dew out of the fleece. Judg. vi. 38. 5. To subject to extortion; to afflict, or oppress, in order to enforce compliance. To wring the widow from her 'customed right. Shak. The merchant adventures have been often wronged and wringed to the quick. Hayward. 6. (Naut.) To bend or strain out of its position; as, to wring a mast.\n\nTo writhe; to twist, as with anguish. 'T is all men's office to speak patience To those that wring under the load of sorrow. Shak. Look where the sister of the king of France Sits wringing of her hands, and beats her breast. Marlowe.\n\nA writhing, as in anguish; a twisting; a griping. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.", "wringer": "1. One who, or that which, wrings; hence, an extortioner. 2. A machine for pressing water out of anything, particularly from clothes after they have been washed.", "wringers": "1. One who, or that which, wrings; hence, an extortioner. 2. A machine for pressing water out of anything, particularly from clothes after they have been washed.", @@ -87253,7 +77485,6 @@ "writings": "1. The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood, stone, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs. 2. Anything written or printed; anything expressed in characters or letters; as: (a) Any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement, or the like. (b) Any written composition; a pamphlet; a work; a literary production; a book; as, the writings of Addison. (c) An inscription. And Pilate wrote a title . . . And the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews. John xix. 19. 3. Handwriting; chirography. Writing book, a book for practice in penmanship. -- Writing desk, a desk with a sloping top for writing upon; also, a case containing writing materials, and used in a similar manner. -- Writing lark (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer; -- so called from the curious irregular lines on its eggs. [Prov. Eng.] -- Writing machine. Same as Typewriter. -- Writing master, one who teaches the art of penmanship. -- Writing obligatory (Law), a bond. -- Writing paper, paper intended for writing upon with ink, usually finished with a smooth surface, and sized. -- Writing school, a school for instruction in penmanship. -- Writing table, a table fitted or used for writing upon.", "writs": "3d pers. sing. pres. of Write, for writeth. Chaucer.\n\nimp. & p. p. of Write. Dryden.\n\n1. That which is written; writing; scripture; -- applied especially to the Scriptures, or the books of the Old and New testaments; as, sacred writ. \"Though in Holy Writ not named.\" Milton. Then to his hands that writ he did betake, Which he disclosing read, thus as the paper spake. Spenser. Babylon, so much spoken of in Holy Writ. Knolles. 2. (Law) An instrument in writing, under seal, in an epistolary form, issued from the proper authority, commanding the performance or nonperformance of some act by the person to whom it is directed; as, a writ of entry, of error, of execution, of injunction, of mandamus, of return, of summons, and the like. Note: Writs are usually witnessed, or tested, in the name of the chief justice or principal judge of the court out of which they are issued; and those directed to a sheriff, or other ministerial officer, require him to return them on a day specified. In former English law and practice, writs in civil cases were either original or judicial; the former were issued out of the Court of Chancery, under the great seal, for the summoning of a defendant to appear, and were granted before the suit began and in order to begin the same; the latter were issued out of the court where the original was returned, after the suit was begun and during the pendency of it. Tomlins. Brande. Encyc. Brit. The term writ is supposed by Mr. Reeves to have been derived from the fact of these formulæ having always been expressed in writing, being, in this respect, distinguished from the other proceedings in the ancient action, which were conducted orally. Writ of account, Writ of capias, etc. See under Account, Capias, etc. -- Service of a writ. See under Service.", "written": "p. p. of Write, v.", - "wroclaw": null, "wrong": "imp. of Wring. Wrung. Chaucer.\n\n1. Twisted; wry; as, a wrong nose. [Obs.] Wyclif (Lev. xxi. 19). 2. Not according to the laws of good morals, whether divine or human; not suitable to the highest and best end; not morally right; deviating from rectitude or duty; not just or equitable; not true; not legal; as, a wrong practice; wrong ideas; wrong inclinations and desires. 3. Not fit or suitable to an end or object; not appropriate for an intended use; not according to rule; unsuitable; improper; incorrect; as, to hold a book with the wrong end uppermost; to take the wrong way. I have deceived you both; I have directed you to wrong places. Shak. 4. Not according to truth; not conforming to fact or intent; not right; mistaken; erroneous; as, a wrong statement. 5. Designed to be worn or placed inward; as, the wrong side of a garment or of a piece of cloth. Syn. -- Injurious; unjust; faulty; detrimental; incorrect; erroneous; unfit; unsuitable.\n\nIn a wrong manner; not rightly; amiss; morally ill; erroneously; wrongly. Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss. Pope.\n\nThat which is not right. Specifically: (a) Nonconformity or disobedience to lawful authority, divine or human; deviation from duty; -- the opposite of moral Ant: right. When I had wrong and she the right. Chaucer. One spake much of right and wrong. Milton. (b) Deviation or departure from truth or fact; state of falsity; error; as, to be in the wrong. (c) Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; usually, an act that involves evil consequences, as one which inflicts injury on a person; any injury done to, or received from; another; a trespass; a violation of right. Friend, I do thee no wrong. Matt. xx. 18. As the king of England can do no wrong, so neither can he do right but in his courts and by his courts. Milton. The obligation to redress a wrong is at least as binding as that of paying a debt. E. Evereth. Note: Wrongs, legally, are private or public. Private wrongs are civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community. Blackstone.\n\n1. To treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice from; to do undeserved harm to; to deal unjustly with; to injure. He that sinneth . . . wrongeth his own soul. Prov. viii. 36. 2. To impute evil to unjustly; as, if you suppose me capable of a base act, you wrong me. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. Shak.", "wrongdoer": "1. One who injures another, or who does wrong. 2. (Law) One who commits a tort or trespass; a trespasser; a tort feasor. Ayliffe.", "wrongdoers": "1. One who injures another, or who does wrong. 2. (Law) One who commits a tort or trespass; a trespasser; a tort feasor. Ayliffe.", @@ -87281,14 +77512,9 @@ "wryest": null, "wryly": null, "wryness": "The quality or state of being wry, or distorted. W. Montagu.", - "wsw": null, "wt": null, - "wto": null, - "wu": null, - "wuhan": null, "wunderkind": null, "wunderkinds": null, - "wurlitzer": null, "wurst": null, "wursts": null, "wuss": null, @@ -87297,68 +77523,23 @@ "wussies": null, "wussiest": null, "wussy": null, - "wv": null, - "ww": null, - "wwi": null, - "wwii": null, - "www": null, - "wy": null, - "wyatt": null, - "wycherley": null, - "wycliffe": null, - "wyeth": null, - "wylie": null, - "wynn": "One of the runes adopted into the Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, alphabet. It had the value of modern English w, and was replaced from about a. d. 1280 at first by uu, later by w. X.\n\nA kind of timber truck, or carriage.", - "wyo": null, - "wyoming": null, - "wyomingite": null, - "wyomingites": null, - "wysiwyg": null, "x": "X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks), as in wax; a compound vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of z), as in xanthic. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 217, 270, 271. The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the Greek X, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of ks, though in the one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound of k.", - "xamarin": null, - "xanadu": null, - "xanthippe": null, - "xavier": null, - "xe": null, - "xemacs": null, - "xenakis": null, - "xenia": null, "xenon": "A very heavy, inert gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere in the proportion of one volume is about 20 millions. It was discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. It can be condensed to a liquid boiling at -109º C., and to a solid which volatilizes without melting. Symbol Xe or X; atomic weight 130.2.", "xenophobe": null, "xenophobes": null, "xenophobia": null, "xenophobic": null, - "xenophon": null, "xerographic": null, "xerography": null, "xerox": null, "xeroxed": null, "xeroxes": null, "xeroxing": null, - "xerxes": null, - "xes": null, - "xhosa": null, - "xian": null, - "xians": null, - "xiaoping": null, - "ximenes": null, - "xingu": null, - "xinjiang": null, - "xiongnu": null, "xis": null, - "xizang": null, - "xl": null, - "xmas": null, - "xmases": null, - "xml": null, - "xochipilli": null, "xor": null, "xref": null, "xrefs": null, - "xs": "X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks), as in wax; a compound vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of z), as in xanthic. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 217, 270, 271. The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the Greek X, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of ks, though in the one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound of k.", "xterm": null, - "xuzhou": null, - "xxl": null, "xylem": "That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phloëm.", "xylene": "Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol. Note: Each of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a distinct series of compounds.", "xylophone": "1. (Mus.) An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel, or straw fiddle. 2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different kinds of wood. Knight.", @@ -87367,7 +77548,6 @@ "xylophonists": null, "y": "Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 145, 178-9, 272. Note: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek u, i, o, and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt, grotto; young, juvenile; day, AS. dæg. See U, I, and J, G. Note: Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the Greek letter\n\nSomething shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling in form the letter Y. Specifically: (a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye. (b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting. (c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two diverging tracks connected by a cross track. Y level (Surv.), an instrument for measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in Y's. -- Y moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth Plusia gamma) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the letter Y, on each of the fore wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white species, feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also gamma moth, and silver Y.\n\nI. [Obs.] King Horn. Wyclif.", "ya": "Yea. [Obs.] Chaucer.", - "yacc": null, "yacht": "A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished persons from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for pleasure trips, racing, etc. Yacht measurement. See the Note under Tonnage, 4.\n\nTo manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht.", "yachted": null, "yachting": "Sailing for pleasure in a yacht.", @@ -87378,46 +77558,27 @@ "yachtswomen": null, "yahoo": "1. One of a race of filthy brutes in Swift's \"Gulliver's Travels.\" See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. 2. Hence, any brutish or vicious character. 3. A raw countryman; a lout; a greenhorn. [U. S.]", "yahoos": "1. One of a race of filthy brutes in Swift's \"Gulliver's Travels.\" See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. 2. Hence, any brutish or vicious character. 3. A raw countryman; a lout; a greenhorn. [U. S.]", - "yahtzee": null, - "yahweh": "A modern transliteration of the Hebrew word translated Jehovah in the Bible; -- used by some critics to discriminate the tribal god of the ancient Hebrews from the Christian Jehovah. Yahweh or Yahwe is the spelling now generally adopted by scholars.", "yak": "A bovine mammal (Poëphagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac, sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of the yak.", - "yakima": null, "yakked": null, "yakking": null, "yaks": "A bovine mammal (Poëphagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac, sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of the yak.", - "yakut": "The Turkish language of the Yakuts, a Mongolian people of northeastern Siberia, which is lingua franca over much of eastern Siberia.", - "yakutsk": null, - "yale": null, - "yalow": null, - "yalta": null, - "yalu": null, "yam": "A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species. -- Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.", - "yamagata": null, - "yamaha": null, "yammer": null, "yammered": null, "yammerer": null, "yammerers": null, "yammering": null, "yammers": null, - "yamoussoukro": null, "yams": "A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species. -- Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.", "yang": "The cry of the wild goose; a honk.\n\nTo make the cry of the wild goose.", - "yangon": null, - "yangtze": null, "yank": "A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nTo twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nAn abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang]", "yanked": null, - "yankee": "A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765).\n\nOf or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees. The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne. Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan.", - "yankees": "A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765).\n\nOf or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees. The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne. Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan.", "yanking": null, "yanks": "A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nTo twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]\n\nAn abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang]", - "yaobang": null, - "yaounde": null, "yap": "To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange.\n\nA bark; a yelp.", "yapped": null, "yapping": null, "yaps": "To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange.\n\nA bark; a yelp.", - "yaqui": null, "yard": "1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman. If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer. 2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.] The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd. Chaucer. 3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.] 4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American measure. 5. The penis. 6. (Naut.) A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden Yard, or Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in the belt of Orion. -- Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard. A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer. Chaucer. 2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond those limits. -- Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. -- Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass. -- Yard of land. See Yardland.\n\nTo confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard cows.", "yardage": null, "yardages": null, @@ -87430,18 +77591,13 @@ "yards": "1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman. If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer. 2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.] The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd. Chaucer. 3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.] 4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American measure. 5. The penis. 6. (Naut.) A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden Yard, or Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in the belt of Orion. -- Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.] Chaucer.\n\n1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard. A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer. Chaucer. 2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond those limits. -- Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. -- Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass. -- Yard of land. See Yardland.\n\nTo confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard cows.", "yardstick": "A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc.", "yardsticks": "A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc.", - "yaren": null, "yarmulke": null, "yarmulkes": null, "yarn": "1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like. 2. (Rope Making) One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed. 3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]", "yarns": "1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like. 2. (Rope Making) One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed. 3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]", - "yaroslavl": null, "yarrow": "An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also milfoil, and nosebleed.", "yashmak": null, "yashmaks": null, - "yataro": null, - "yates": "A gate. See 1st Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Spenser.", - "yauco": null, "yaw": "To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in the clarifiers in sugar works.\n\nTo steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; -- said of a ship. Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing being out of the question. Lowell.\n\nA movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her course; a deviation from a straight course in steering.", "yawed": null, "yawing": null, @@ -87454,11 +77610,9 @@ "yawning": null, "yawns": "1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. \"The lazy, yawning drone.\" Shak. And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod beneath. Trumbull. 2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of anything. 't is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn. Shak. 3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment. Shak. 4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. \"One long, yawning gaze.\" Landor.\n\n1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a deep and long inspiration following several successive attempts at inspiration, the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open. One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all present. N. Chipman. 2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. Addison. 3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.] Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let loose Imprisoned spirits. Marston.", "yaws": "A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab- yaws.", - "yb": null, "yd": null, "ye": "an old method of printing the article the (AS. þe), the \"y\" being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn. It is sometimes incorrectly pronounced ye. See The, and Thorn, n., 4.\n\nAn eye. [Obs.] From his yën ran the water down. Chaucer.\n\nThe plural of the pronoun of the second person in the nominative case. Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. Chaucer. But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11. This would cost you your life in case ye were a man. Udall. Note: In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye. Shak. I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye. Dryden.\n\nYea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "yea": "1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes. Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matt. v. 37. 2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv., 2. I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18. Note: Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly. \"Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden\" Gen. iii. 1.\n\nAn affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a vote by yeas and nays. Note: In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty or stability. \"All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen.\" 2 Cor. i. 20.", - "yeager": null, "yeah": null, "yeahs": null, "year": "1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile). Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. Chaucer. Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752. 2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn. 3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. -- A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month. -- Bissextile year. See Bissextile. -- Canicular year. See under Canicular. -- Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time. -- Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. -- Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year. -- Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. -- Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another. -- Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic. -- Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian. -- Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary. -- Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds. -- Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar. -- Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above. -- Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and Sabbatical. -- Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds. -- Tropical year. See under Tropical. -- Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. Abbott. -- Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d.", @@ -87481,10 +77635,8 @@ "yeastiest": null, "yeasts": "1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment. 2. Spume, or foam, of water. They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. Byron. A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded cells, rather than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp. members of the orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi may grow both as a yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the conditions of growth. Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. -- Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. -- Yeast powder, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in leavening bread.", "yeasty": "Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.", - "yeats": null, "yegg": null, "yeggs": null, - "yekaterinburg": null, "yell": "To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer. Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser. Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled, some yelled. Milton.\n\nTo utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone. Shak.\n\nA sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips.", "yelled": null, "yelling": null, @@ -87496,23 +77648,15 @@ "yellowhammers": "(a) A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. Called also yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and writing lark. [Written also yellow-ammer.] (b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.]", "yellowing": "The act or process of making yellow. Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given. G. Eliot.", "yellowish": "Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color. -- Yel\"low*ish*ness, n.", - "yellowknife": null, "yellowness": "1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an orange. 2. Jealousy. [Obs.] I will possess him with yellowness. Shak.", "yellows": "1. (Far.) A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice. His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows. Shak. 2. (Bot.) A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus. 3. (Zoöl.) A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur.", - "yellowstone": null, "yellowy": null, "yells": "To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer. Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser. Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled, some yelled. Milton.\n\nTo utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone. Shak.\n\nA sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips.", "yelp": "1. To boast. [Obs.] I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer. 2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup. A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs Shak. At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving.\n\nA sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer.", "yelped": null, "yelping": null, "yelps": "1. To boast. [Obs.] I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer. 2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup. A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs Shak. At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving.\n\nA sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer.", - "yeltsin": null, - "yemen": null, - "yemeni": null, - "yemenis": null, - "yemenite": null, "yen": "The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.", - "yenisei": null, "yens": "The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.", "yeoman": "1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. Note: A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular States. 2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.] A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. Chaucer. 3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] 4. (Naut.) An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores. Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the royal household.", "yeomanry": "1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] \"His estate of yeomanry.\" Chaucer. 2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders. The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct for dominion. Bancroft. 3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]", @@ -87520,10 +77664,7 @@ "yep": null, "yeps": null, "yer": "Ere; before. [Obs.] Sylvester.", - "yerevan": null, - "yerkes": null, "yes": "Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; -- opposed to Ant: no. Note: Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this -- yes, you have done more. \"Yes, you despise the man books confined.\" Pope. Note: \"The fine distinction between `yea' and `yes,' `nay' and `no,' that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. `Yea' and `nay' in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. `Will he come' To this it would have been replied, `Yea' or `Nay', as the case might be. But, `Will he not come' To this the answer would have been `Yes' or `No.' Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten.\" Trench.", - "yesenia": null, "yeses": null, "yeshiva": null, "yeshivas": null, @@ -87536,12 +77677,9 @@ "yet": "Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a boat shell.\n\n1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. \"A little longer; yet a little longer.\" Dryden. This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy. Atterbury. The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice. L'Estrange. 2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still. Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens. Addison. 3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; -- and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj. Ne never yet no villainy ne said. Chaucer. 4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. \"He 'll be hanged yet.\" Shak. 5. Even; -- used emphatically. Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them. Bacon.\n\nNevertheless; notwithstanding; however. Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. 29. Syn. -- See However.", "yeti": null, "yetis": null, - "yevtushenko": null, "yew": "See Yaw.\n\n1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards. 2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine- grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain. Note: The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas. 3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.\n\nOf or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, a yew whipstock.", "yews": "See Yaw.\n\n1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards. 2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine- grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain. Note: The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas. 3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.\n\nOf or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, a yew whipstock.", - "yggdrasil": null, "yid": "A Jew. [Slang or Colloq.] \"Almost any young Yid who goes out from among her people.\" John Corbin.", - "yiddish": "A language used by German and other Jews, being a Middle German dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. It is written in Hebrew characters.", "yids": "A Jew. [Slang or Colloq.] \"Almost any young Yid who goes out from among her people.\" John Corbin.", "yield": "1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven per cent. To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. Chaucer. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength. Gen. iv. 12. 2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. \"Vines yield nectar.\" Milton. [He] makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. Job xxiv. 5. 3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc. And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown. Shak. Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame. Milton. 4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow. I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. Milton. 5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage. 6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the gods yield you for 't. Shak. God yield thee, and God thank ye. Beau. & Fl. To yield the breath, the ghost, or the life, to die; to expire; -- often followed by up. One calmly yields his willing breath. Keble.\n\n1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb. He saw the fainting Grecians yield. Dryden. 2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request. 3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the current of opinion, or to customs; the door yielded. Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is offered you Shak. 4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they will yield to us in nothing. Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to which the lily yields Pope.\n\nAmount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products resulting from growth or cultivation. \"A goodly yield of fruit doth bring.\" Bacon.", "yielded": null, @@ -87556,16 +77694,11 @@ "yippee": null, "yipping": null, "yips": null, - "ymca": null, - "ymha": null, - "ymir": null, - "ymmv": null, "yo": null, "yob": null, "yobbo": null, "yobbos": null, "yobs": null, - "yoda": null, "yodel": "To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.\n\nA song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.", "yodeled": null, "yodeler": null, @@ -87584,27 +77717,13 @@ "yokels": "A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens.", "yokes": "1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads or necks for working together. A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke. Pope. Note: The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs about the horns. 2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape. Specifically: (a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's yoke. (b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence. (c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it. See Illust. of Bell. (d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain. (g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt. 3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection. Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer. This yoke of marriage from us both remove. Dryden. 4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 30. 5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together. I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them. Luke xiv. 19. 6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.] Gardner. 7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. -- Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.\n\n1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen. 2. To couple; to join with another. \"Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers.\" 2 Cor. vi. 14. Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. Shak. 3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine. Then were they yoked with garrisons. Milton. The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke. Hudibras.\n\nTo be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate. We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. Shak.", "yoking": null, - "yoknapatawpha": null, - "yoko": null, - "yokohama": null, - "yolanda": null, "yolk": "1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus. 2. (Zoöl.) An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep. Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.", "yolked": null, "yolks": "1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus. 2. (Zoöl.) An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep. Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.", "yon": "At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic] Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. Milton. Though fast yon shower be fleeting. Keble.\n\nYonder. [Obs. or Poetic] But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden wing. Milton.", "yonder": "At a distance, but within view. Yonder are two apple women scolding. Arbuthnot.\n\nBeing at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. \"Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green.\" Milton. \"Yonder sea of light.\" Keble. Yonder men are too many for an embassage. Bacon.", - "yong": null, - "yonkers": "A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.", "yonks": null, "yore": "In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic] As it hath been of olde times yore. Chaucer. Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for judgment just do fly. Spenser. Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. \"But Satan now is wiser than of yore.\" Pope. Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. Keble.", - "york": null, - "yorkie": null, - "yorkshire": "A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers. Simmonds. -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.", - "yorkshires": "A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers. Simmonds. -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.", - "yorktown": null, - "yoruba": null, - "yosemite": null, - "yossarian": null, "you": "The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See the Note under Ye. Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. Chaucer. Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak. In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior. Note: Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb. \"Are you he that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired \" Shak. You and your are sometimes used indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons not specified. \"The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but as you come near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods.\" Addison. \"Your medalist and critic are much nearer related than the world imagine.\" Addison. \"It is always pleasant to be forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until pressed, you dare not attempt.\" Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself of yourselves. \"Your highness shall repose you at the tower.\" Shak.", "young": "1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; -- said of animals; as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn. For he so young and tender was of age. Chaucer. \"Whom the gods love, die young,\" has been too long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live young forever. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. 2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young plant; a young tree. While the fears of the people were young. De Foe. 3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak. Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in this. Shak.\n\nThe offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring collectively. [The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. With young, with child; pregnant.", "younger": null, @@ -87612,7 +77731,6 @@ "youngish": "Somewhat young. Tatler.", "youngster": "A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] \"He felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him.\" G. Eliot.", "youngsters": "A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] \"He felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him.\" G. Eliot.", - "youngstown": null, "your": "The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you. Note: The possessive takes the form yours when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is yours. \"An old fellow of yours.\" Chaucer.", "yours": "See the Note under Your.\n\nSee the Note under Your.", "yourself": "An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with you; as, you yourself shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, you have injured yourself. Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. Chaucer. If yourselves are old, make it your cause. Shak. Why should you be so cruel to yourself Milton. The religious movement which you yourself, as well as I, so faithfully followed from first to last. J. H. Newman.", @@ -87623,50 +77741,33 @@ "youthfully": null, "youthfulness": null, "youths": "1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness; juvenility. \"In my flower of youth.\" Milton. Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial. Milton. 2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to manhood. He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to spend his youth at home. Shak. Those who pass their youth in vice are justly condemned to spend their age in folly. Rambler. 3. A young person; especially, a young man. Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. Dryden. 4. Young persons, collectively. It is fit to read the best authors to youth first. B. Jonson.", - "youtube": null, "yow": "You. [Obs.] Chaucer.", "yowl": "To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell.\n\nA loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.", "yowled": null, "yowling": null, "yowls": "To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell.\n\nA loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.", - "ypres": null, - "ypsilanti": null, "yr": null, "yrs": null, - "yt": ", an old method of printing that (AS. æt, edhæt) the \"y\" taking the place of the old letter \"Þ\"). Cf. Ye, the.\n\nan old method of printing that (AS. þæt, ðæt) the \"y\" taking the place of the old letter \"thorn\" (þ). Cf. Ye, the.\n\nan old method of printing that (AS. þæt, ðæt) the \"y\" taking the place of the old letter \"thorn\" (þ). Cf. Ye, the.", "ytterbium": "A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium. Note: Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably has not been prepared in a pure state.", "yttrium": "A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also ittrium.] Note: Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated in a pure state with great difficulty. They are studied by means of their spark or phosphorescent spectra. Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a simple element, but as a mixture of several substances.", "yuan": null, - "yucatan": null, "yucca": "See Flicker, n., 2.\n\nA genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms. Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's needle. Yucca moth (Zoöl.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larvæ feed on plants of the genus Yucca.", "yuccas": "See Flicker, n., 2.\n\nA genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms. Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's needle. Yucca moth (Zoöl.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larvæ feed on plants of the genus Yucca.", "yuck": "To itch. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.\n\nTo scratch. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.", "yuckier": null, "yuckiest": null, "yucky": null, - "yugo": null, - "yugoslav": null, - "yugoslavia": null, - "yugoslavian": null, - "yugoslavians": null, - "yugoslavs": null, "yuk": null, "yukked": null, "yukking": null, "yukky": null, - "yukon": null, "yuks": null, "yule": "Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton. Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. -- Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving.", - "yules": "Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton. Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. -- Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving.", "yuletide": "Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.", - "yuletides": "Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.", "yum": null, - "yuma": null, - "yumas": "A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc. Note: The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves and other allied tribes.", "yummier": null, "yummiest": null, "yummy": null, - "yunnan": null, "yup": null, "yuppie": null, "yuppies": null, @@ -87675,87 +77776,45 @@ "yuppify": null, "yuppifying": null, "yups": null, - "yuri": null, "yurt": null, "yurts": null, - "yves": null, - "yvette": null, - "yvonne": null, - "ywca": null, - "ywha": null, "z": "Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 273, 274.", - "zachariah": null, - "zachary": null, - "zachery": null, - "zagreb": null, - "zaire": null, - "zairian": null, - "zambezi": null, - "zambia": null, - "zambian": null, - "zambians": null, - "zamboni": null, - "zamenhof": null, - "zamora": null, - "zane": null, "zanier": null, "zanies": null, "zaniest": null, "zaniness": null, - "zanuck": null, "zany": "A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Then write that I may follow, and so be Thy echo, thy debtor, thy foil, thy zany. Donne. Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. Pope.\n\nTo mimic. [Obs.] Your part is acted; give me leave at distance To zany it. Massinger.", - "zanzibar": null, "zap": null, - "zapata": null, - "zaporozhye": null, - "zapotec": null, - "zappa": null, "zapped": null, "zapper": null, "zappers": null, "zapping": null, "zappy": null, "zaps": null, - "zara": null, - "zarathustra": null, "zeal": "1. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything; eagerness in favor of a person or cause; ardent and active interest; engagedness; enthusiasm; fervor. \"Ambition varnished o'er with zeal.\" Milton. \"Zeal, the blind conductor of the will.\" Dryden. \"Zeal's never-dying fire.\" Keble. I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. Rom. x. 2. A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to subvert with little care what shall be established. Johnson. 2. A zealot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.\n\nTo be zealous. [Obs. & R.] Bacon.", - "zealand": null, "zealot": "One who is zealous; one who engages warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; especially, one who is overzealous, or carried away by his zeal; one absorbed in devotion to anything; an enthusiast; a fanatical partisan. Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile array against zealots for the other. Sir J. Stephen. In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every parish was visited by these turbulent zealots. Macaulay.", "zealotry": "The character and behavior of a zealot; excess of zeal; fanatical devotion to a cause. Enthusiasm, visionariness, seems the tendency of the German; zeal, zealotry, of the English; fanaticism, of the French. Coleridge.", "zealots": "One who is zealous; one who engages warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; especially, one who is overzealous, or carried away by his zeal; one absorbed in devotion to anything; an enthusiast; a fanatical partisan. Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile array against zealots for the other. Sir J. Stephen. In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every parish was visited by these turbulent zealots. Macaulay.", "zealous": "1. Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly engaged, or ardent, in behalf of an object. He may be zealous in the salvation of souls. Law. 2. Filled with religious zeal. [Obs.] Shak. -- Zeal\"ous*ly, adv. -- Zeal\"ous*ness, n.", "zealously": null, "zealousness": null, - "zebedee": null, "zebra": "Either one of two species of South African wild horses remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands. Note: The true or mountain zebra (Equus, or Asinus, zebra) is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body and legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of black hair at the tip. It inhabits the mountains of Central and Southern Africa, and is noted for its wariness and wildness, as well as for its swiftness. The second species (Equus, or Asinus, Burchellii), known as Burchell's zebra, and dauw, inhabits the grassy plains of South Africa, and differs from the preceding in not having dark bands on the legs, while those on the body are more irregular. It has a long tail, covered with long white flowing hair. Zebra caterpillar, the larva of an American noctuid moth (Mamestra picta). It is light yellow, with a broad black stripe on the back and one on each side; the lateral stripes are crossed with withe lines. It feeds on cabbages, beets, clover, and other cultivated plants. -- Zebra opossum, the zebra wolf. See under Wolf. -- Zebra parrakeet, an Australian grass parrakeet, often kept as a cage bird. Its upper parts are mostly pale greenish yellow, transversely barred with brownish black crescents; the under parts, rump, and upper tail coverts, are bright green; two central tail feathers and the cheek patches are blue. Called also canary parrot, scallop parrot, shell parrot, and undulated parrot. -- Zebra poison (Bot.), a poisonous tree (Euphorbia arborea) of the Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its milky juice is so poisonous that zebras have been killed by drinking water in which its branches had been placed, and it is also used as an arrow poison. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Zebra shark. Same as Tiger shark, under Tiger. -- Zebra spider, a hunting spider. -- Zebra swallowtail, a very large North American swallow-tailed butterfly (Iphiclides ajax), in which the wings are yellow, barred with black; -- called also ajax. -- Zebra wolf. See under Wolf.", "zebras": "Either one of two species of South African wild horses remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands. Note: The true or mountain zebra (Equus, or Asinus, zebra) is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body and legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of black hair at the tip. It inhabits the mountains of Central and Southern Africa, and is noted for its wariness and wildness, as well as for its swiftness. The second species (Equus, or Asinus, Burchellii), known as Burchell's zebra, and dauw, inhabits the grassy plains of South Africa, and differs from the preceding in not having dark bands on the legs, while those on the body are more irregular. It has a long tail, covered with long white flowing hair. Zebra caterpillar, the larva of an American noctuid moth (Mamestra picta). It is light yellow, with a broad black stripe on the back and one on each side; the lateral stripes are crossed with withe lines. It feeds on cabbages, beets, clover, and other cultivated plants. -- Zebra opossum, the zebra wolf. See under Wolf. -- Zebra parrakeet, an Australian grass parrakeet, often kept as a cage bird. Its upper parts are mostly pale greenish yellow, transversely barred with brownish black crescents; the under parts, rump, and upper tail coverts, are bright green; two central tail feathers and the cheek patches are blue. Called also canary parrot, scallop parrot, shell parrot, and undulated parrot. -- Zebra poison (Bot.), a poisonous tree (Euphorbia arborea) of the Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its milky juice is so poisonous that zebras have been killed by drinking water in which its branches had been placed, and it is also used as an arrow poison. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Zebra shark. Same as Tiger shark, under Tiger. -- Zebra spider, a hunting spider. -- Zebra swallowtail, a very large North American swallow-tailed butterfly (Iphiclides ajax), in which the wings are yellow, barred with black; -- called also ajax. -- Zebra wolf. See under Wolf.", "zebu": "A bovine mammal (Ros Indicus) extensively domesticated in India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary in different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the common ox to that of a large mastiff. Note: Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and some fore for riding, while others are raised for their milk and flesh. The Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos, also belongs to this species. The male is called also Indian bull, Indian ox, Madras ox, and sacred bull.", "zebus": "A bovine mammal (Ros Indicus) extensively domesticated in India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary in different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the common ox to that of a large mastiff. Note: Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and some fore for riding, while others are raised for their milk and flesh. The Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos, also belongs to this species. The male is called also Indian bull, Indian ox, Madras ox, and sacred bull.", - "zechariah": null, "zed": "The letter Z; -- called also zee, and formerly izzard. \"Zed, thou unnecessary letter!\" Shak.", - "zedekiah": null, - "zedong": null, "zeds": "The letter Z; -- called also zee, and formerly izzard. \"Zed, thou unnecessary letter!\" Shak.", - "zeffirelli": null, "zeitgeist": "The spirit of the time; the general intellectual and moral state or temper characteristic of any period of time.", "zeitgeists": "The spirit of the time; the general intellectual and moral state or temper characteristic of any period of time.", - "zeke": null, - "zelig": null, - "zelma": null, "zen": null, - "zenger": null, "zenith": "1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; -- opposed to nadir. From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A summer's day; and with the setting sun Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star. Milton. 2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the greatest height; the height of success or prosperity. I find my zenith doth depend upon A most auspicious star. Shak. This dead of midnight is the noon of thought, And wisdom mounts her zenith with the stars. Mrs. Barbauld. It was during those civil troubles . . . this aspiring family reached the zenith. Macaulay. Zenith distance. (Astron.) See under Distance. -- Zenith sector. (Astron.) See Sector, 3. -- Zenith telescope (Geodesy), a telescope specially designed for determining the latitude by means of any two stars which pass the meridian about the same time, and at nearly equal distances from the zenith, but on opposite sides of it. It turns both on a vertical and a horizontal axis, is provided with a graduated vertical semicircle, and a level for setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a micrometer for measuring the difference of the zenith distances of the two stars.", "zeniths": "1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; -- opposed to nadir. From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A summer's day; and with the setting sun Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star. Milton. 2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the greatest height; the height of success or prosperity. I find my zenith doth depend upon A most auspicious star. Shak. This dead of midnight is the noon of thought, And wisdom mounts her zenith with the stars. Mrs. Barbauld. It was during those civil troubles . . . this aspiring family reached the zenith. Macaulay. Zenith distance. (Astron.) See under Distance. -- Zenith sector. (Astron.) See Sector, 3. -- Zenith telescope (Geodesy), a telescope specially designed for determining the latitude by means of any two stars which pass the meridian about the same time, and at nearly equal distances from the zenith, but on opposite sides of it. It turns both on a vertical and a horizontal axis, is provided with a graduated vertical semicircle, and a level for setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a micrometer for measuring the difference of the zenith distances of the two stars.", "zenned": null, - "zeno": null, "zens": null, "zeolite": "A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals, hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite, analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and others. These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less frequently, in granite and gneiss. So called because many of these species intumesce before the blowpipe. Needle zeolite, needlestone; natrolite.", "zeolites": "A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals, hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite, analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and others. These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less frequently, in granite and gneiss. So called because many of these species intumesce before the blowpipe. Needle zeolite, needlestone; natrolite.", - "zephaniah": null, "zephyr": "The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. \"Soft the zephyr blows.\" Gray. As gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. Shak. Zephyr cloth, a thin kind of cassimere made in Belgium; also, a waterproof fabric of wool. -- Zephyr shawl, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made of worsted and cotton. -- Zephyr yarn, or worsted, a fine, soft kind of yarn or worsted, -- used for knitting and embroidery.", - "zephyrhills": null, "zephyrs": "The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. \"Soft the zephyr blows.\" Gray. As gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. Shak. Zephyr cloth, a thin kind of cassimere made in Belgium; also, a waterproof fabric of wool. -- Zephyr shawl, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made of worsted and cotton. -- Zephyr yarn, or worsted, a fine, soft kind of yarn or worsted, -- used for knitting and embroidery.", - "zephyrus": "The west wind, or zephyr; -- usually personified, and made the most mild and gentle of all the sylvan deities. Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. Milton.", "zeppelin": "A dirigible balloon of the rigid type, consisting of a cylindrical trussed and covered frame supported by internal gas cells, and provided with means of propulsion and control. It was first successfully used by Ferdinand Count von Zeppelin.", "zeppelins": "A dirigible balloon of the rigid type, consisting of a cylindrical trussed and covered frame supported by internal gas cells, and provided with means of propulsion and control. It was first successfully used by Ferdinand Count von Zeppelin.", "zero": "1. (Arith.) A cipher; nothing; naught. 2. The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a thermometer, commences. Note: Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius thermometer, and in the Réaumur thermometer, is at the point at which water congeals. The zero of the Fahrenheit thermometer is fixed at the point at which the mercury stands when immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt. In Wedgwood's pyrometer, the zero corresponds with 1077° on the Fahrenheit scale. See Illust. of Thermometer. 3. Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion; as, his patience had nearly reached zero. Absolute zero. See under Absolute. -- Zero method (Physics), a method of comparing, or measuring, forces, electric currents, etc., by so opposing them that the pointer of an indicating apparatus, or the needle of a galvanometer, remains at, or is brought to, zero, as contrasted with methods in which the deflection is observed directly; -- called also null method. -- Zero point, the point indicating zero, or the commencement of a scale or reckoning.", @@ -87774,28 +77833,13 @@ "zesty": null, "zeta": "A Greek letter [z] corresponding to our z.", "zetas": "A Greek letter [z] corresponding to our z.", - "zeus": "The chief deity of the Greeks, and ruler of the upper world (cf. Hades). He was identified with Jupiter.", - "zhdanov": null, - "zhejiang": null, - "zhengzhou": null, - "zhivago": null, - "zhukov": null, - "zibo": null, - "ziegfeld": null, - "ziegler": null, - "ziggy": null, "zigzag": "1. Something that has short turns or angles. The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the politicians by the surer mode of zigzag. Burke. 2. (Arch.) A molding running in a zigzag line; a chevron, or series of chevrons. See Illust. of Chevron, 3. 3. (Fort.) See Boyau.\n\nHaving short, sharp turns; running this way and that in an onward course.\n\nTo form with short turns.\n\nTo move in a zigzag manner; also, to have a zigzag shape. R. Browning.", "zigzagged": null, "zigzagging": null, "zigzags": "1. Something that has short turns or angles. The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the politicians by the surer mode of zigzag. Burke. 2. (Arch.) A molding running in a zigzag line; a chevron, or series of chevrons. See Illust. of Chevron, 3. 3. (Fort.) See Boyau.\n\nHaving short, sharp turns; running this way and that in an onward course.\n\nTo form with short turns.\n\nTo move in a zigzag manner; also, to have a zigzag shape. R. Browning.", - "zika": null, "zilch": null, "zillion": null, "zillions": null, - "zimbabwe": null, - "zimbabwean": null, - "zimbabweans": null, - "zimmerman": null, "zinc": "An abundant element of the magnesium-cadmium group, extracted principally from the minerals zinc blende, smithsonite, calamine, and franklinite, as an easily fusible bluish white metal, which is malleable, especially when heated. It is not easily oxidized in moist air, and hence is used for sheeting, coating galvanized iron, etc. It is used in making brass, britannia, and other alloys, and is also largely consumed in electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic weight 64.9 [Formerly written also zink.] Butter of zinc (Old Chem.), zinc chloride, ZnCl2, a deliquescent white waxy or oily substance. -- Oxide of zinc. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, below. -- Zinc amine (Chem.), a white amorphous substance, Zn(NH2)2, obtained by the action of ammonia on zinc ethyl; -- called also zinc amide. -- Zinc amyle (Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid, composed of zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the atmosphere, emits fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity. -- Zinc blende Etym: [cf. G. zinkblende] (Min.), a native zinc sulphide. See Blende, n. (a) -- Zinc bloom Etym: [cf. G. zinkblumen flowers of zinc, oxide of zinc] (Min.), hydrous carbonate of zinc, usually occurring in white earthy incrustations; -- called also hydrozincite. -- Zinc ethyl (Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous liquid, composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire spontaneously on exposure to the atmosphere. -- Zinc green, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt oxides; -- called also Rinmann's green. -- Zinc methyl (Chem.), a colorless mobile liquid Zn(CH3)2, produced by the action of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium alloy. It has a disagreeable odor, and is spontaneously inflammable in the air. It has been of great importance in the synthesis of organic compounds, and is the type of a large series of similar compounds, as zinc ethyl, zinc amyle, etc. -- Zinc oxide (Chem.), the oxide of zinc, ZnO, forming a light fluffy sublimate when zinc is burned; -- called also flowers of zinc, philosopher's wool, nihil album, etc. The impure oxide produced by burning the metal, roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called also pompholyx, and tutty. -- Zinc spinel (Min.), a mineral, related to spinel, consisting essentially of the oxides of zinc and aluminium; gahnite. -- Zinc vitriol (Chem.), zinc sulphate. See White vitriol, under Vitriol. -- Zinc white, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used as a pigment.\n\nTo coat with zinc; to galvanize.", "zincked": null, "zincking": "The act or process of applying zinc; galvanization.", @@ -87814,14 +77858,7 @@ "zingy": null, "zinnia": "Any plant of the composite genus Zinnia, Mexican herbs with opposite leaves and large gay-colored blossoms. Zinnia elegans is the commonest species in cultivation.", "zinnias": "Any plant of the composite genus Zinnia, Mexican herbs with opposite leaves and large gay-colored blossoms. Zinnia elegans is the commonest species in cultivation.", - "zion": "1. (Jewish Antiq.) A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city by the Israelites, became the royal residence of David and his successors. 2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God. 3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.", - "zionism": "Among the Jews, a theory, plan, or movement for colonizing their own race in Palestine, the land of Zion, or, if that is impracticable, elsewhere, either for religious or nationalizing purposes; -- called also Zion movement. --Zi\"on*ist, n. -- Zi`on*is\"tic (#), a.", - "zionisms": "Among the Jews, a theory, plan, or movement for colonizing their own race in Palestine, the land of Zion, or, if that is impracticable, elsewhere, either for religious or nationalizing purposes; -- called also Zion movement. --Zi\"on*ist, n. -- Zi`on*is\"tic (#), a.", - "zionist": null, - "zionists": null, - "zions": "1. (Jewish Antiq.) A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city by the Israelites, became the royal residence of David and his successors. 2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God. 3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.", "zip": "A hissing or sibilant sound such as that made by a flying bullet.\n\nTo make, or move with, such a sound.", - "ziploc": null, "zipped": null, "zipper": null, "zippered": null, @@ -87842,15 +77879,9 @@ "zloties": null, "zloty": null, "zlotys": null, - "zn": null, "zodiac": "1. (Astron.) (a) An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16º or 18º broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A figure representing the signs, symbols, and constellations of the zodiac. 2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic & R.] By his side, As in a glistering zodiac, hung the sword. Milton.", "zodiacal": "Of or pertaining to the zodiac; situated within the zodiac; as, the zodiacal planets. Zodiacal light, a luminous tract of the sky, of an elongated, triangular figure, lying near the ecliptic, its base being on the horizon, and its apex at varying altitudes. It is to be seen only in the evening, after twilight, and in the morning before dawn. It is supposed to be due to sunlight reflected from multitudes of meteoroids revolving about the sun nearly in the plane of the ecliptic.", "zodiacs": "1. (Astron.) (a) An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16º or 18º broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A figure representing the signs, symbols, and constellations of the zodiac. 2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic & R.] By his side, As in a glistering zodiac, hung the sword. Milton.", - "zoe": null, - "zola": null, - "zollverein": "Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the several customs unions successively formed under the leadership of Prussia among certain German states for establishing liberty of commerce among themselves and common tariff on imports, exports, and transit. Note: In 1834 a zollverein was established which included most of the principal German states except Austria. This was terminated by the events of 1866, and in 1867 a more closely organized union was formed, the administration of which was ultimately merged in that of the new German empire, with which it nearly corresponds territorially.", - "zoloft": null, - "zomba": null, "zombie": null, "zombies": null, "zonal": "Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or zones. Zonal equation (Crystallog.), the mathematical relation which belongs to all the planes of a zone, and expresses their common position with reference to the axes. -- Zonal structure (Crystallog.), a structure characterized by the arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal in parallel or concentric layers, which usually follow the outline of the crystal, and mark the changes that have taken place during its growth. -- Zonal symmetry. (Biol.) See the Note under Symmetry.", @@ -87878,38 +77909,14 @@ "zooplankton": null, "zoos": null, "zorch": null, - "zorn": null, - "zoroaster": null, - "zoroastrian": "Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.\n\nA follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.", - "zoroastrianism": "The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship, under Fire, and Parsee.", - "zoroastrianisms": "The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship, under Fire, and Parsee.", - "zoroastrians": "Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.\n\nA follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.", - "zorro": null, - "zosma": null, "zoster": "Shingles.", "zounds": "An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.", - "zr": null, - "zs": "Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 273, 274.", - "zsigmondy": null, - "zubenelgenubi": null, - "zubeneschamali": null, "zucchini": null, "zucchinis": null, - "zukor": null, - "zulu": "1. Any member of the tribe of Zulus; a Zulu-Kaffir. See Zulus. 2. (Philol.) One of the most important members of the South African, or Bantu, family of languages, spoken partly in Natal and partly in Zululand, but understood, and more or less in use, over a wide territory, at least as far north as the Zambezi; -- called also Zulu- Kaffir.", - "zululand": null, - "zulus": "The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.", - "zuni": null, - "zurich": null, "zwieback": "A kind of biscuit or rusk first baked in a loaf and afterwards cut and toasted.", - "zwingli": null, - "zworykin": null, "zydeco": null, "zygote": null, "zygotes": null, "zygotic": null, - "zymurgy": null, - "zyrtec": null, - "zyuganov": null, - "zzz": null + "zymurgy": null } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/words-to-dictionary.js b/assets/words-to-dictionary.js index a4a1048..5b4fab4 100644 --- a/assets/words-to-dictionary.js +++ b/assets/words-to-dictionary.js @@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ const words = require('./words.json'); const dictionary = require('./dictionary_old.json'); async function init() { - const definitions = Object.fromEntries(words.map((word) => { + const notNameWords = words.filter((word) => word.charAt(0) === word.charAt(0).toLowerCase()); // don't include names for places, products, people, etc. + + const definitions = Object.fromEntries(notNameWords.map((word) => { const normalizedWord = word.normalize('NFD').replace(/\p{Diacritic}/ug, '').toLowerCase().trim(); const definition = dictionary[normalizedWord]; const singular = normalizedWord.replace(/s$/, ''); diff --git a/assets/words.json b/assets/words.json index e792794..02c53ed 100644 --- a/assets/words.json +++ b/assets/words.json @@ -73651,6 +73651,7 @@ "snubbed", "snubbing", "snubs", + "snuck", "snuff", "snuffbox", "snuffboxes",