diff --git a/config/default.js b/config/default.js
index 8ec5c143..c96c49a6 100644
--- a/config/default.js
+++ b/config/default.js
@@ -12,9 +12,44 @@ module.exports = {
     // include: [],
     // exclude: [],
     exclude: [
+        ['21sextreme', [
+            // no longer updated
+            'mightymistress',
+            'dominatedgirls',
+            'homepornreality',
+            'peeandblow',
+            'cummingmatures',
+            'mandyiskinky',
+            'speculumplays',
+            'creampiereality',
+        ]],
+        ['blowpass', ['sunlustxxx']],
+        ['ddfnetwork', [
+            'fuckinhd',
+            'bustylover',
+        ]],
         ['famedigital', [
+            'daringsex',
             'lowartfilms',
         ]],
+        ['pornpros', [
+            'milfhumiliation',
+            'humiliated',
+            'flexiblepositions',
+            'publicviolations',
+            'amateurviolations',
+            'squirtdisgrace',
+            'cumdisgrace',
+            'webcamhackers',
+            'collegeteens',
+        ]],
+        ['score', [
+            'bigboobbundle',
+            'milfbundle',
+            'pornmegaload',
+            'scorelandtv',
+            'scoretv',
+        ]],
     ],
     profiles: [
         [
diff --git a/migrations/20190325001339_releases.js b/migrations/20190325001339_releases.js
index f123e93d..0db84781 100644
--- a/migrations/20190325001339_releases.js
+++ b/migrations/20190325001339_releases.js
@@ -162,10 +162,9 @@ exports.up = knex => Promise.resolve()
 
         table.integer('priority', 3)
             .defaultTo(0);
+
         table.boolean('show')
             .defaultTo(true);
-        table.boolean('scrape')
-            .defaultTo(true);
 
         table.datetime('created_at')
             .defaultTo(knex.fn.now());
diff --git a/seeds/02_sites.js b/seeds/02_sites.js
index ad7f5b91..bf61e964 100644
--- a/seeds/02_sites.js
+++ b/seeds/02_sites.js
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'dominatedgirls',
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'homepornreality',
@@ -101,7 +99,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'peeandblow',
@@ -111,7 +108,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'cummingmatures',
@@ -121,7 +117,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'mandyiskinky',
@@ -131,7 +126,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'speculumplays',
@@ -141,7 +135,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     {
         slug: 'creampiereality',
@@ -151,7 +144,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             scene: 'https://21sextreme.com/en/video',
         },
-        scrape: false, // no longer updated
     },
     // 21SEXTURY
     {
@@ -1098,7 +1090,6 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://www.sunlustxxx.com',
         description: '',
         network: 'blowpass',
-        scrape: false,
         show: true, // site offline, use only for indexing old scenes
     },
     // BRAZZERS
@@ -1467,8 +1458,6 @@ const sites = [
         description: 'HD Hardcore Sex & XXX Fantasy Porn Videos and Photos Produced in full HD featuring a Variety of Hardcore Porn Niches.',
         network: 'ddfnetwork',
         parameters: { native: true },
-        scrape: false,
-        show: true, // appears to be re-releases only
     },
     {
         slug: 'bustylover',
@@ -1476,8 +1465,6 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://bustylover.com',
         network: 'ddfnetwork',
         parameters: { native: true },
-        scrape: false,
-        show: true, // appears to be re-releases only
     },
     // DIGITAL PLAYGROUND
     {
@@ -1815,7 +1802,6 @@ const sites = [
         description: 'Welcome the official Daring Sex site, home of high quality erotica, sensual porn and hardcore exploration of the darker side of sexuality. Here you will find a variety of videos for lovers looking for a bit of extra, or something darker with an element of control.',
         network: 'famedigital',
         parameters: { api: true },
-        scrape: false,
         show: false, // no data sources
     },
     {
@@ -4141,14 +4127,12 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://milfhumiliation.com',
         network: 'pornpros',
         tags: ['milf'],
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Humiliated',
         slug: 'humiliated',
         url: 'https://humiliated.com',
         network: 'pornpros',
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Flexible Positions',
@@ -4158,7 +4142,6 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             network: true,
         },
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Public Violations',
@@ -4168,41 +4151,35 @@ const sites = [
         parameters: {
             network: true,
         },
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Amateur Violations',
         slug: 'amateurviolations',
         url: 'https://amateurviolations.com',
         network: 'pornpros',
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Squirt Disgrace',
         slug: 'squirtdisgrace',
         url: 'https://squirtdisgrace.com',
         network: 'pornpros',
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Cum Disgrace',
         slug: 'cumdisgrace',
         url: 'https://cumdisgrace.com',
         network: 'pornpros',
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Webcam Hackers',
         slug: 'webcamhackers',
         url: 'https://webcamhackers.com',
         network: 'pornpros',
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'College Teens',
         slug: 'collegeteens',
         network: 'pornpros',
-        scrape: false,
     },
     // PRIVATE
     {
@@ -4838,7 +4815,6 @@ const sites = [
         slug: 'bigboobbundle',
         url: 'https://www.bigboobbundle.com',
         network: 'score',
-        scrape: false,
         show: false, // all content appears to be on subsites
     },
     {
@@ -5132,7 +5108,6 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://www.milfbundle.com',
         network: 'score',
         show: false,
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'Teaming Cock',
@@ -5200,7 +5175,6 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://www.pornmegaload.com',
         network: 'score',
         show: false,
-        scrape: false,
     },
     {
         name: 'SaRennas World',
@@ -5238,7 +5212,6 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://www.scorepass.com/scorelandtv',
         network: 'score',
         priority: 1,
-        scrape: false,
         show: false, // appears to be streaming service for other sites
     },
     {
@@ -5247,7 +5220,6 @@ const sites = [
         url: 'https://www.scoretv.tv',
         network: 'score',
         priority: 1,
-        scrape: false,
         show: false, // similar to or same as Scoreland TV
     },
     {
@@ -6114,7 +6086,6 @@ exports.seed = knex => Promise.resolve()
             parameters: site.parameters,
             network_id: networksMap[site.network],
             priority: site.priority,
-            scrape: site.scrape,
             show: site.show,
         }));
 
diff --git a/src/app.js b/src/app.js
index 645d6f4c..99f57d58 100644
--- a/src/app.js
+++ b/src/app.js
@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
 'use strict';
 
+// const knex = require('./knex');
 const argv = require('./argv');
-const knex = require('./knex');
 const initServer = require('./web/server');
 
+const knex = require('./knex');
+const fetchUpdates = require('./fetch-updates');
+
+async function init() {
+    if (argv.server) {
+        await initServer();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    await fetchUpdates();
+    knex.destroy();
+}
+
+/*
 const scrapeSites = require('./scrape-sites');
 const { scrapeScenes, scrapeMovies, deepFetchReleases } = require('./scrape-releases');
 const { storeReleases, updateReleasesSearch } = require('./releases');
@@ -16,7 +30,7 @@ if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
 async function init() {
     if (argv.scene) {
         await scrapeScenes(argv.scene);
-    }
+
 
     if (argv.movie) {
         await scrapeMovies(argv.movie);
@@ -52,5 +66,6 @@ async function init() {
 
     knex.destroy();
 }
+*/
 
 module.exports = init;
diff --git a/src/fetch-updates.js b/src/fetch-updates.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bed6ff6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fetch-updates.js
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const Promise = require('bluebird');
+const moment = require('moment');
+
+const argv = require('./argv');
+const logger = require('./logger')(__filename);
+const knex = require('./knex');
+const include = require('./utils/argv-include')(argv);
+const scrapers = require('./scrapers/scrapers');
+const { fetchSitesFromArgv, fetchSitesFromConfig } = require('./sites');
+
+const afterDate = (() => {
+    if (/\d{2,4}-\d{2}-\d{2,4}/.test(argv.after)) {
+        // using date
+        return moment
+            .utc(argv.after, ['YYYY-MM-DD', 'DD-MM-YYYY'])
+            .toDate();
+    }
+
+    // using time distance (e.g. "1 month")
+    return moment
+        .utc()
+        .subtract(...argv.after.split(' '))
+        .toDate();
+})();
+
+async function extractUniqueReleases(latestReleases, accReleases) {
+    const latestReleaseEntryIds = latestReleases.map(release => release.entryId);
+    const duplicateReleases = await knex('releases')
+        .whereIn('entry_id', latestReleaseEntryIds);
+
+    // add entry IDs of accumulated releases to prevent an infinite loop
+    // when one page contains the same release as the previous
+    const duplicateReleaseEntryIds = new Set(duplicateReleases
+        .map(release => String(release.entry_id))
+        .concat(accReleases.map(release => String(release.entryId))));
+
+    const uniqueReleases = latestReleases
+        .filter(release => !duplicateReleaseEntryIds.has(String(release.entryId)));
+
+    return uniqueReleases;
+}
+
+function getNextPage(uniqueReleases, pageAccReleases, oldestReleaseOnPage) {
+    if (uniqueReleases === 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (argv.last && pageAccReleases.length < argv.last) {
+        // request for last N releases not yet satisfied
+        return true;
+    }
+
+   if (oldestReleaseOnPage && moment(oldestReleaseOnPage.date).isAfter(afterDate)) {
+       // oldest release on page is newer than the specified date cut-off
+       return true;
+    }
+
+    // dates missing, and limit for scenes without dates not yet reached
+    return pageAccReleases.length <= argv.nullDateLimit;
+}
+
+async function scrapeLatestReleases(scraper, site, preData) {
+    if (!scraper.fetchLatest) {
+        return [];
+    }
+
+    const scrapePage = async (page = 1, accReleases = []) => {
+        const latestReleases = await scraper.fetchLatest(site, page, preData, include);
+
+        if (!Array.isArray(latestReleases)) {
+            // scraper is unable to fetch the releases and returned a HTTP code or null
+            logger.warn(`Scraper returned ${latestReleases} when fetching latest from '${site.name}' (${site.network.name})`);
+            return accReleases;
+        }
+
+        if (latestReleases.length === 0) {
+            // scraper successfully requested releases, but found none
+            return accReleases;
+        }
+
+        const latestReleasesWithSite = latestReleases.map(release => ({ ...release, site: release.site || site })); // attach site release is assigned to when stored
+        const oldestReleaseOnPage = latestReleases.sort((releaseA, releaseB) => releaseB.date - releaseA.date).slice(-1)[0];
+
+        const uniqueReleases = await extractUniqueReleases(latestReleasesWithSite, accReleases);
+        const pageAccReleases = accReleases.concat(uniqueReleases);
+
+        logger.verbose(`Scraped '${site.name}' (${site.network.name}) page ${page}, found ${uniqueReleases.length} unique releases`);
+
+        if (getNextPage(uniqueReleases, pageAccReleases, oldestReleaseOnPage)) {
+            return scrapePage(page + 1, accReleases.concat(uniqueReleases));
+        }
+
+        if (argv.last) {
+            return pageAccReleases.slice(0, argv.last);
+        }
+
+        if (oldestReleaseOnPage) {
+            const recentReleases = uniqueReleases
+                .filter(release => moment(release.date).isAfter(afterDate));
+
+            return accReleases.concat(recentReleases);
+        }
+
+        return pageAccReleases.slice(0, argv.nullDateLimit);
+    };
+
+    return scrapePage(1, []);
+}
+
+async function scrapeUpcomingReleases(scraper, site, preData) {
+    if (!scraper.fetchUpcoming) {
+        return [];
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const upcomingReleases = await scraper.fetchUpcoming(site, 1, preData, include);
+
+        if (upcomingReleases) {
+            return upcomingReleases.map(release => ({
+                ...release,
+                site,
+                upcoming: true,
+            }));
+        }
+    } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn(`Failed to scrape upcoming releases for '${site.slug}' (${site.network.slug})`);
+    }
+
+    return [];
+}
+
+async function scrapeSiteReleases(scraper, site, preData) {
+    const [latestReleases, upcomingReleases] = await Promise.all([
+        argv.latest
+            ? scrapeLatestReleases(scraper, site, preData)
+            : [],
+        argv.upcoming
+            ? scrapeUpcomingReleases(scraper, site, preData)
+            : [],
+    ]);
+
+    return [...latestReleases, ...upcomingReleases];
+}
+
+async function scrapeSite(site, accSiteReleases) {
+    const scraper = scrapers.releases[site.slug]
+        || scrapers.releases[site.network.slug]
+        || scrapers.releases[site.network.parent?.slug];
+
+    if (!scraper) {
+        logger.warn(`No scraper found for '${site.name}' (${site.network.name})`);
+        return [];
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const beforeFetchLatest = await scraper.beforeFetchLatest?.(site);
+
+        const siteReleases = await scrapeSiteReleases(scraper, site, {
+            accSiteReleases,
+            beforeFetchLatest,
+        });
+
+        return siteReleases.map(release => ({ ...release, site }));
+    } catch (error) {
+        logger.error(`Failed to scrape releases from ${site.name} using ${scraper.slug}: ${error.message}`);
+
+        return [];
+    }
+}
+
+async function scrapeNetworkSequential(network) {
+    return Promise.reduce(
+        network.sites,
+        async (chain, site) => {
+            const accSiteReleases = await chain;
+            const siteReleases = await scrapeSite(site, network, accSiteReleases);
+
+            return accSiteReleases.concat(siteReleases);
+        },
+        Promise.resolve([]),
+    );
+}
+
+async function scrapeNetworkParallel(network) {
+    return Promise.map(
+        network.sites,
+        async site => scrapeSite(site, network),
+        { concurrency: 3 },
+    );
+}
+
+async function fetchUpdates() {
+    const includedNetworks = argv.sites || argv.networks
+        ? await fetchSitesFromArgv()
+        : await fetchSitesFromConfig();
+
+    const scrapedNetworks = await Promise.map(
+        includedNetworks,
+        async network => (network.parameters?.sequential
+            ? scrapeNetworkSequential(network)
+            : scrapeNetworkParallel(network)),
+        { concurrency: 5 },
+    );
+
+    return scrapedNetworks;
+}
+
+module.exports = fetchUpdates;
diff --git a/src/sites.js b/src/sites.js
index 85f0b3cf..5854edff 100644
--- a/src/sites.js
+++ b/src/sites.js
@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ async function fetchSitesFromArgv() {
         )
         .whereIn('sites.slug', argv.sites || [])
         .orWhereIn('networks.slug', argv.networks || [])
-        .where('sites.scrape', true)
         .leftJoin('networks', 'sites.network_id', 'networks.id');
 
     const curatedSites = await curateSites(rawSites, true);
@@ -132,7 +131,6 @@ async function fetchSitesFromConfig() {
             'networks.name as network_name', 'networks.slug as network_slug', 'networks.url as network_url', 'networks.description as network_description', 'networks.parameters as network_parameters',
         )
         .leftJoin('networks', 'sites.network_id', 'networks.id')
-        .where('sites.scrape', true)
         .where((builder) => {
             if (config.include) {
                 builder